Index

References are to document numbers

    • Aaron, David:
    • Abubakar, Yaya, 200
    • Adamu, Gen. Martin, 171
    • Afghanistan, Soviet invasion of, 42
    • AFL–CIO, 40
    • Ahtisaari, Martti, 90, 99, 107, 111, 128
    • Akadiri, J.A. Oladel, 171, 200
    • Alexander, Michael, 252
    • Anderson, David, 86, 90
    • Angola (see also Frontline States)
      • Cuban military presence:
        • Brzezinski memoranda, 14
        • Richardson memoranda, 2
        • Thornton memoranda, 22
        • U.S.-Angolan discussions, 36
        • U.S.-Angolan relations and:
          • Brzezinski memoranda, 39
          • Moose mission discussions, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32
          • Neto communications, 26
          • Vance/McHenry memoranda, 38, 41
        • U.S. covert action proposals, 37
        • U.S.-Nigerian discussions, 171, 200
        • U.S. propaganda:
          • Brzezinski memoranda, 4, 9, 10
          • CIA memoranda, 12, 18
          • Gregg memoranda, 37
          • Reinhardt memoranda, 6, 17
          • Special Activities Working Group discussions, 11
          • Tarnoff memoranda, 8
          • Turner memoranda, 7, 16
        • U.S.-Tanzanian discussions, 68
        • U.S.–UNITA communications, 13, 40
        • Vance memoranda, 15
      • Humanitarian relief for, 1
      • Namibia and, 30, 31, 32, 34, 36, 76
      • South African aggression against, 15, 31, 32, 34, 115, 118
      • Soviet military support, 2, 12, 15
      • UNITA insurgency:
        • Brzezinski memoranda, 3
        • CIA memoranda, 5
        • Reconciliation strategies, 15, 28, 29, 30, 31, 40
        • U.S. military support:
          • Brzezinski memoranda, 20
          • CIA memoranda, 19, 21
          • Clark Amendment and, 24
          • SCC Horn Working Group discussions, 23
          • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 42
          • Special Coordination Committee discussions, 24
          • Thornton memoranda, 22, 27
        • U.S. recognition proposals, 14, 15
        • U.S.–UNITA communications, 13, 35, 40
      • U.S. relations with:
        • Aaron memoranda, 231
        • Brzezinski memoranda, 14, 25, 39
        • Funk memoranda, 33
        • Moose mission, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32
        • Neto communications, 26
        • Policy Review Committee discussions, 230, 372
        • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 42
        • Thornton memoranda, 27
        • Vance/McHenry memoranda, 38, 41
        • Young memoranda, 34
      • Zairean relations with, 30, 40, 41, 200
    • Apartheid, U.S. opposition to. See South Africa, U.S. actions against; South Africa, U.S. policy toward
    • Armstrong, Robert, 252
    • Arzika, M., 171
    • Atherton, Alfred L. “Roy,” 292
    • Bailey, Larry, 318
    • Barlow, Peter, 238
    • Barry, Charles, 292
    • Bartholomew, Reginald, 188
    • Becker, John, 178
    • Begin, Menachem, 300
    • Bennet, Douglas J., Jr., 210, 227, 230
    • Bergold, Harry E., Jr., 360, 361
    • Bergsten, C. Fred, 169
    • Biko, Steve, 318, 321, 327
    • Billington, Glen, 212
    • Bin Musa, Haruna, 171, 200
    • Blacken, John D., 99
    • Blackwill, Robert D., 42, 252
    • Bloomfield, Lincoln P., 127
    • Blumenthal, W. Michael, 230, 231, 267, 268, 349
    • Bomani, Paul, 68, 164
    • Bongo, El Hadj Omar, 74
    • Bongo, Martin, 74
    • Borg, C. Arthur, 268
    • Boright, John P., 287
    • Botha, P.W., 215, 355, 365
    • Botha, R.F. (Pik):
      • Carter correspondence, 94, 102, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124
      • Lowenstein meetings, 222
      • Namibia, 121
        • Carter correspondence, 94, 102, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124
        • Remarks on McHenry, 123
        • Seven Point Proposal, 45, 46
        • Turnhalle Constitutional Conference, 43, 44, 47, 48, 52
        • UN Security Council Resolution 435, 98
          • Edmondson discussions, 105
          • U.S.-South African communications
          • Western Contact Group-South African communications, 104
        • Western Contact Group diplomacy:
          • Carter talks, 101
          • Démarche, 49, 50
          • Proximity talks (1978), 79
          • Proximity talks (1979), 109, 110, 114, 118
          • Secretary General’s report (Aug. 1978), 91, 93
          • Settlement Proposal, 85, 88, 90
          • South Africa talks first session, 52, 53, 54, 55
          • South Africa talks second session, 58, 59, 60
          • South Africa talks third session, 73
          • Vance correspondence, 118, 311
          • Vance talks, 95, 96, 100, 281
      • Political situation, 220
      • Rhodesia:
        • Internal settlement proposals/negotiations, 131, 260
        • Owen-Vance peace plan, 158, 160, 165, 281, 311
        • Smith-Vorster meeting (Feb. 1977), 140
        • U.S.-British all-parties meeting proposals, 208, 219
        • U.S.-South African communications, 261
        • Vance meetings, 140, 141
      • South African aggression against Angola, 118
      • South African human rights overviews, 373
      • South African nuclear capabilities:
        • Bowdler discussions, 294, 308, 309
        • Edmondson discussions, 365
        • François-Poncet discussions, 371
        • Gerard C. Smith discussions, 371
        • Vance communications, 295, 296, 311, 338
        • Vance memoranda, 290
      • U.S. actions against South Africa, 356
      • U.S. policy toward South Africa, 262, 273, 276, 278, 281, 355
        • Carter discussions, 269
      • Young visit proposals, 275
    • Botswana (see also Frontline States; Khama, Seretse), 48
    • Bowdler, William G.:
      • Namibia:
        • Turnhalle Constitutional Conference, 43, 47
        • Western Contact Group diplomacy:
          • Démarche, 49, 50
          • Draft assessment, 76
          • Settlement Proposal, 75
          • South Africa talks first session, 52, 53, 54, 55, 59
          • South Africa talks second session, 58, 59, 60
      • Rhodesia, 156, 158, 178, 203
      • South Africa:
        • Nuclear capabilities:
          • Botha discussions, 294, 308, 309
          • Carter-Vorster correspondence, 311
          • Christopher memoranda, 297, 328, 346
          • Fourie discussions, 298, 299, 328
          • Possible detonation, 360, 361
          • U.S.-South African talks (June 1978), 345
          • U.S. technical team visit, 331, 332
          • Vance-Botha communications, 295, 296, 311
        • U.S. actions against, 313
        • U.S. policy toward, 272, 273, 276, 278
        • Young visit proposals, 275
    • Boyd, Lord (Andrew Lennox-Boyd), 235
    • Brement, Marshall, 42
    • Brewster, Kingman, Jr., 163, 211, 235, 238, 252
    • Bridges, Peter S., 46, 107
    • Brown, Emerson, 11, 12
    • Brown, Frederick, 131
    • Brown, Gen. George S., 259, 267, 313
    • Brown, Harold:
    • Brzezinski, Zbigniew K.:
      • Angola:
        • Cuban military presence:
          • Richardson memoranda, 2
          • U.S.-Angolan discussions, 36
          • U.S.-Angolan relations and, 39
          • U.S. covert action proposals, 37
          • U.S. propaganda, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 16, 17
        • UNITA insurgency, 3
          • Reconciliation strategies, 28, 29
          • Richardson memoranda, 2
          • Turner memoranda, 5
          • U.S. military support, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 27
          • U.S. recognition proposals, 14
          • U.S.–UNITA communications, 35
        • U.S. relations with, 14, 25, 39
          • Funk memoranda, 33
          • Moose mission, 28, 29
          • Policy Review Committee discussions, 372
          • Thornton memoranda, 27
          • Vance/McHenry memoranda, 38, 41
      • Namibia:
        • Carter-Waldheim discussions, 127
        • Tarnoff memoranda, 230
        • UN Security Council Resolution 435, 101
        • U.S.–OAU discussions, 74
        • Western Contact Group diplomacy, 68, 77, 92, 95, 372
      • Rhodesia:
        • April 1979 elections, 220, 231, 372
        • Cease-fire airlift, 247, 251, 255
        • Chimoio raid (1977), 177
        • Descriptive terms, 240
        • Interagency Group report, 149
        • Internal Settlement, 188, 193, 194, 201
        • Internal settlement proposals/negotiations, 137
        • Lancaster House Conference, 252
        • Muzorewa government status, 236
        • Owen-Vance peace plan:
          • Carter-Nyerere discussions, 164
          • Carter-Owen discussions, 163
          • Malta talks, 183
          • Policy Review Committee discussions, 169, 175
          • U.S.-Nigerian discussions, 171, 200
          • U.S.-Zambian communications, 209
          • Vance-Nkomo discussions, 151
          • Vance/Owen-Botha talks, 165
          • Vance status reports, 174
        • Sanctions, 157, 217, 230, 237, 249, 250, 372
        • U.S.-British all-parties meeting proposals, 193, 200, 217
        • U.S.-South African communications, 261
        • Zambia strike threat (1977), 154, 155
      • South Africa:
        • Documents not declassified, 326
        • Nuclear capabilities, 294, 301, 306, 342
          • Bowdler-Fourie discussions, 298
          • Carter-Vorster correspondence, 311
          • Christopher memoranda, 297
          • Fourie discussions, 321
          • Possible detonation, 362, 367
          • U.S.-Israeli communications, 300, 303, 304
          • U.S.-South African talks (June 1978), 344
          • U.S. technical team visit, 330
        • Sanctions proposals, 314
        • U.S. actions against, 314, 324
          • Agency contacts review, 277, 282, 283, 334
          • Carter-Congressional Black Caucus meeting, 318
          • Department of State papers, 339
          • Kreps memoranda, 329
          • Policy Review Committee discussions, 313
          • Tarnoff memoranda, 279, 316, 319, 325
          • Thornton memoranda, 337
          • U.S. ocean surveillance cooperation, 280, 312
        • U.S. policy toward:
          • Carter-Botha discussions, 269
          • Fourie discussions, 321
          • National Security Council discussions, 267, 349
          • Policy Review Committee discussions, 265
          • Presidential Directives, 268
          • Presidential Review Memoranda, 259
          • Vance-Young paper, 271
      • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 42
      • U.S. relations with Mozambique, 310
      • U.S.-Zimbabwean relations, 254, 256, 258
    • Buffum, William B., 127
    • Buthelezi, Mangosuthu (Zulu prince), 278
    • Butiku, Joseph, 68, 164
    • Byrd, Robert C., 210, 249
    • Byrd Amendment:
      • Carter-Stennis letter, 243
      • CIA analysis, 144
      • National Security Council study, 264
      • Policy Review Committee discussions, 265
      • Presidential Review Memoranda, 259
      • U.S.-British communications, 135, 136
      • U.S.-South African communications, 140, 260, 276
      • Vance memoranda, 131
    • Cable, Bill, 318
    • Cahill, Jacklyn A., 160
    • Callaghan, James, 164, 214, 215, 218, 219, 232, 233
    • Canada (see also Namibia, Western Contact Group diplomacy), 335
    • Carlucci, Frank C., III, 24, 230, 372
    • Carrington, Lord (Peter Carington), 235, 246, 252
    • Carswell, Robert, 313
    • Carter, Hodding, III, 151, 235, 246
    • Carter, Jimmy (see also Carter-Vorster correspondence)
      • Angola:
        • Cuban military presence, 4, 9, 10
        • Humanitarian relief for, 1
        • UNITA insurgency, 14, 15, 19, 20
        • U.S. relations with, 14, 25, 28, 34, 38, 41
      • Kaunda correspondence, 133, 155, 180, 199
      • Namibia:
        • Botha correspondence, 94, 102, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124
        • National Assembly formation (May 1979), 126
        • National Security Council discussions, 267, 349
        • Pre-Implementation Conference, 129
        • Secretary General’s report (Feb. 1979), 125
        • Speech (Feb. 2, 1977), 44
        • UN Security Council Resolution 435, 101, 107
        • U.S.–OAU discussions, 74
        • Waldheim discussions, 127
        • Western Contact Group diplomacy:
          • Botha talks, 101
          • Christopher memoranda, 67, 72, 73, 88
          • Kaunda correspondence, 87
          • Secretary General’s report (Aug. 1978), 93, 94
          • Settlement Proposal, 89, 336
          • SWAPO New York talks, 67
          • U.S.-Tanzanian discussions, 68
          • Vance memoranda, 61, 65, 75, 128
          • Vorster correspondence, 56, 66, 89, 311, 336
          • Waldheim consultations, 63, 65
          • Waldheim correspondence, 72
      • Nyerere correspondence, 182, 198
      • Rhodesia:
        • April 1979 elections, 227
        • Byrd Amendment, 131, 140, 243
        • Chimoio raid (1977), 177
        • Descriptive terms, 240
        • Interagency Group report, 149
        • Internal Settlement, 189, 192, 194
        • Internal settlement proposals/negotiations, 131, 141, 143
        • Kaunda correspondence, 180, 199
        • Lancaster House Conference, 248, 252
        • Muzorewa government status, 236, 239, 242
        • National Security Council discussions, 267
        • Owen-Vance peace plan:
          • Christopher memoranda, 146
          • Kaunda correspondence, 180, 199
          • Nyerere correspondence, 182
          • Nyerere discussions, 164
          • Owen Africa trip, 148
          • Owen discussions, 163
          • U.S. military aid for Commonwealth force, 161
          • U.S.-Nigerian discussions, 171, 200
          • U.S.-Zambian communications, 209
          • Vance/Owen-Botha talks, 165
          • Vance-Owen discussions, 150
          • Vance status reports, 162, 167, 174
          • Vorster correspondence, 56, 311
        • Sanctions:
          • Brzezinski memoranda, 237, 249, 250
          • CIA analysis, 144
          • Defense Authorization Bill, 243
          • OAU resolution (1979), 242
          • Presidential Determination, 245
          • U.S.-British discussions, 248
          • Vance memoranda, 223, 226, 229, 244
        • U.S.-British all-parties meeting proposals, 198, 199, 200, 215, 218
        • U.S.-British communications, 132, 134, 142
        • U.S.–OAU discussions, 74
        • U.S.-Zambian communications, 133
        • Vance memoranda, 139
        • Vorster correspondence, 56, 311, 336
        • Zambia strike threat (1977), 155, 156
      • South Africa:
        • Nuclear capabilities:
          • Bowdler-Botha discussions, 309
          • Bowdler-Fourie discussions, 299
          • Brzezinski memoranda, 301
          • Moose-Sole discussions, 320
          • Possible detonation, 361, 367
          • Vance memoranda, 291
          • Vorster correspondence, 311
        • U.S. actions against, 271, 283, 318, 356
        • U.S. corporate policies, 266, 267
        • U.S. policy toward:
          • Botha discussions, 269
          • Mondale-Vorster talks, 274
          • Muskie memoranda, 374
          • National Security Council discussions, 267, 349
          • Presidential Directives, 268
          • Presidential Review Memoranda, 259
          • U.S.-South African communications, 262
          • Vance-Young paper, 271
          • Vorster correspondence, 270, 317, 323
      • Thatcher correspondence, 256, 257
      • U.S. relations with Mozambique, 310
      • U.S.-Zimbabwean relations, 253, 256, 257, 258
      • Zaire crisis, 1
    • Carter-Vorster correspondence:
    • Carver, Michael (Baron), 172, 173, 203, 204, 206, 214
    • Case-Javits Amendment, 217, 219, 223, 229, 230, 233, 235, 237
    • Castro, Fidel (see also Angola, Cuban military presence), 12
    • Castrodale, Richard, 197, 346
    • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (see also Turner, Adm. Stansfield)
    • Chand, Prem, 128, 172, 206
    • Chidzero, Bernard, 258
    • Chikwanda, A.B., 209, 241
    • Chissano, Joachim, 204, 310
    • Chitunda, Jeremias, 13
    • Chona, Mark C., 155, 209, 213, 222
    • Christopher, Warren M.:
      • Namibia:
        • Carter-Waldheim discussions, 127
        • Turnhalle Constitutional Conference, 48
        • UN Security Council Resolution 435, 107, 108
        • Western Contact Group diplomacy, 67, 68, 72, 73, 76, 88
      • Rhodesia:
        • Owen-Vance peace plan, 146
          • Carter-Nyerere discussions, 164
          • Salisbury Group talks, 216
          • U.S. military aid for Commonwealth force, 161
          • U.S.-South African communications, 152
          • Vance/Owen-Botha talks, 165
          • Vance-Owen discussions, 181, 214
        • Sanctions, 244, 248
        • U.S.-British all-parties meeting proposals, 215, 216, 218
        • Vance-Richard meetings, 138
        • Zambia strike threat (1977), 154, 155
      • South Africa:
        • Nuclear capabilities, 297, 346
        • U.S. actions against, 356
        • U.S. policy toward, 272, 349
        • Young visit proposals, 275
      • U.S.-Zimbabwean relations, 258
    • Church, Frank, 249
    • Clark, Bruce, 246
    • Clark, Dick, 24, 188
    • Clark amendment (1976), 24, 31, 37
    • Clarke, Bruce C., 360, 361
    • Clift, A. Denis, 158, 159, 265, 276, 278, 313
    • Clingerman, John R., 154
    • Cohen, David, 169
    • Collins, Cardiss, 225, 249
    • Collins Resolution, 318
    • Commonwealth of Nations, 136, 236, 238, 241
    • Congress, Acts of (see also Byrd Amendment)
    • Congress, U.S. (see also Congress, Acts of)
    • Congressional Black Caucus, 318
    • Conyers, John, 318
    • Cooks, Stoney, 175
    • Cooper, Frank, 252
    • Cooper, Richard N., 209
    • Creekmore, Marion V., 366
    • Crosland, Anthony, 135, 142
    • Cuba (see also Cuban military presence in Angola; Rhodesia, Soviet/Cuban role)
    • Cundiff, Carl C., 335
    • Cutler, Walter L., 30, 31, 32
    • Cutter, W. Bowman, 11
    • Easum, Donald, 171, 200, 202
    • Eaton, William F., 335
    • Edmondson, William B., 98
      • Namibia, 105, 106, 107, 110, 122, 123, 124
      • Rhodesia:
        • April 1979 elections, 220, 221
        • Chimoio raid (1977), 176
        • Internal Settlement, 190
        • Owen-Vance peace plan, 184, 202
        • U.S.-British all-parties meeting proposals, 197
        • Vance-Richard meetings, 138
        • Zambia strike threat (1977), 155
      • South Africa:
        • Five Power sanctions talks, 335
        • Nuclear capabilities, 371
          • Botha discussions, 365
          • Bowdler-Fourie discussions, 328
          • Christopher memoranda, 297, 346
          • Fourie discussions, 347, 352, 370
          • Fourie paper, 348
          • Newsom memoranda, 350
          • Soviet démarche, 292
          • U.S.-South African talks (June 1978), 343
          • Vance memoranda, 307, 353, 354
        • U.S. air reconnaissance, 355
    • Eizenstadt, Stuart L., 267, 318
    • Eksteen, Adriaan, 91, 97, 107, 158, 276, 278
    • Energy, U.S. Department of, 325
    • Eteki, William, 74, 138
    • Evron, Ephraim, 300, 304
    • Falalu, S.O., 200
    • Farah, Abdulrahim Abby, 62
    • Farley, Philip J., 292, 341
    • Fauntroy, Walter, 318
    • Federal Republic of Germany (see also Namibia, Western Contact Group diplomacy), 92, 335
    • Fenwick, Millicent, 249
    • Fergusson, Ewen, 145, 150, 159, 160, 163, 194, 197
    • Ferreira, Armenio, 36
    • Figuerido, Reinaldo, 81
    • Fourie, Brand:
      • Namibia:
        • Carter-Botha correspondence, 123
        • UN Security Council Resolution 435, 99, 101, 106, 107
        • Western Contact Group diplomacy:
          • Christopher memoranda, 76
          • Démarche, 49
          • Proximity talks (1979), 118
          • Secretary General’s report (Aug. 1978), 91, 92, 93
          • Settlement Proposal, 85
          • South Africa New York talks, 82
          • South Africa talks first session, 52, 53, 54, 55
          • South Africa talks second session, 59, 60
      • Rhodesia:
        • April 1979 elections, 220, 221, 226
        • Internal settlement proposals/negotiations, 260
        • Owen-Vance peace plan, 153, 158
        • U.S.-British all-parties meeting proposals, 208, 219
        • Zambia strike threat (1977), 155
      • South African nuclear capabilities, 371
        • Bowdler-Botha discussions, 294, 308
        • Bowdler discussions, 298, 299, 328
        • Brzezinski discussions, 321
        • Edmondson discussions, 347, 352, 370
        • Fourie paper, 348
        • Jacomet discussions, 341
        • Moose-Sole discussions, 320
        • U.S.-South African talks (June 1978), 343
        • U.S. technical team visit, 331, 332
        • Vance-Botha communications, 296, 311, 338
      • U.S. policy toward South Africa, 273, 276, 278, 321
    • France (see also Namibia, Western Contact Group diplomacy)
    • François-Poncet, Jean, 371
    • Frontline States (see also Kaunda, Kenneth; Khama, Seretse; Machel, Samora; Nyerere, Julius)
      • Luanda summit (1978), 87
      • Namibia:
      • Rhodesia:
        • CIA information cables, 137
        • Hughes Mission, 219
        • Internal Settlement, 190, 191
        • Internal settlement proposals/negotiations, 143
        • Muzorewa government status, 235, 241
        • Owen-Vance peace plan:
          • Carter-Nyerere discussions, 164
          • CIA Intelligence Memoranda, 168
          • Dar es Salaam talks (1978), 203, 204, 205, 209
          • Malta talks, 184, 185
          • Owen Africa trip, 148
          • U.S.-British communications, 159, 173, 187
          • Vance-Muzorewa discussions, 166
          • Vance status reports, 174
        • U.S.-British all-parties meeting proposals, 197
        • U.S.-British communications, 135, 159, 160, 163
        • U.S.-Zambian communications, 133
        • Vance status reports, 162, 167
      • U.S.-Angolan relations and, 34, 41
      • U.S. relations with, 34
    • Funk, Jerry:
    • Funk, William, 11
    • Gallini, Linda, 366
    • Gallucci, Robert L., 351
    • Garba, Joseph, 86, 171, 200, 204
    • Garrison, Mark J., 289, 302, 333
    • Garwin, Dick, 363
    • Gause, George, 32
    • Gaylard, Jack, 171, 172, 211, 216
    • Gelbard, Robert S., 335
    • Geldenhuys, Gen. Jannie, 121
    • Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 92
    • Gilmour, Ian, Rhodesia, 235, 241
    • Goldsmith, Sydney, 44, 187
    • Graham, John:
      • Rhodesia:
    • Gray, Bill, 249
    • Gregg, Donald, 37
    • Grennan, Denis, 150
    • Griffin, James, 372
    • Griffith, William, 42
    • Guhin, Michael, 343, 346, 353
    • Guiringaud, Louis de, 290
    • Gurirab, Tsudao, 86, 117
    • Intelligence Assessments, RP 78–10003, “Human Rights: South Africa and the United States,” 327
    • International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 366
    • Israeli-South African nuclear cooperation, 291, 292, 300, 303, 304
    • Ivory Coast, 5, 15
    • Laingen, Lowell B., 184, 185, 186
    • Lake, W. Anthony:
    • Lamb, Denis, 8
    • Lancaster House Conference, 243, 244, 246, 248, 252
    • Lanpher, Edward, 318
    • Laver, Patrick, 145, 150, 159
    • Leonard, James:
    • LeSotho, 138
    • Lewis, Richard, 332
    • Lima, Olga, 81, 204
    • Lobo, Jose Carlos, 81, 310
    • Locke, Allen W.:
      • South African nuclear capabilities:
        • Christopher memoranda, 328
        • International Atomic Energy Agency membership, 366
        • Possible detonation, 360, 361, 369
        • U.S.-South African talks (June 1978), 343, 345
        • U.S. technical team visit, 332
        • Vance memoranda, 307, 351, 354
    • Low, Stephen:
      • Rhodesia:
    • Lowenstein, Allard, 222, 224
    • Lucas, William E., 375
    • Luce, Richard, 235, 236
    • Luers, William H., 288
    • MacFarlane, Lewis R., 328, 346, 353, 366, 368, 369
    • Machel, Samora (see also Frontline States)
    • Madzimbamuto, Daniel, 151
    • Mafara, Stephen, 216
    • Maguire, Andrew, 225
    • Malan, Gen. Magnus, 93, 322
    • Malecela, John, 68, 164
    • Malson, Bob, 318
    • Mandela, Winnie, 278
    • Mansfield, Philip, 145, 150, 159
    • Marcuss, Stanley J., 169
    • Markey, Ed, 318
    • Martin, Louis, 258
    • Martin, Thomas G., 183, 195, 288
    • Mashingaidze, Elleck K., 258
    • Matthews, Gary L., 287, 288
    • Maynes, Charles W.:
    • Mazibuko, Fanyana, 374, 375
    • McAfee, William, 11
    • McCloskey, Paul N., Jr., 222
    • McCormick, Keith, 307
    • McGiffert, David E., 24, 201, 313
    • McGovern, George, 33, 223, 225, 229
    • McHenry, Donald F.:
      • Angola, 25, 38, 41, 372
      • Botha remarks on, 123
      • Namibia:
        • UN Security Council Resolution 435, 98
        • U.S.-Angolan discussions, 32
        • Western Contact Group diplomacy:
          • Draft assessment, 76
          • Frontline States meetings, 111, 117
          • Proximity talks (1979), 113, 114, 117, 372
          • Secretary General’s report (Aug. 1978), 91, 92
          • Settlement Proposal, 86
          • South Africa talks, 52, 58
          • SWAPO New York talks, 69, 71, 84
          • U.S.-Nigerian discussions, 171
          • U.S.-Tanzanian discussions, 68
          • Waldheim consultations, 57
      • Rhodesia:
      • South Africa, 265, 276, 278
      • U.S.-Zimbabwean relations, 258
    • Mdee, Samy, 68, 164, 205
    • Menzel, Joerg, 332
    • Miller, George, 225
    • Mitchell, Bunny, 318
    • Mitchell, George H., 107
    • Mitchell, Parren, 318
    • Mkapa, Benjamin:
    • Mobutu Sese Seko, 26, 27, 33
    • Moffett, Anthony Toby, 225
    • Mogwe, Archibald, 81, 111, 116, 117, 204
    • Mondale, Walter:
      • Namibia, 50, 59, 68, 127, 274, 276
      • Rhodesia:
        • April 1979 elections, U.S. policy, 231
        • Lancaster House Conference, 252
        • Owen-Vance peace plan:
          • Carter-Nyerere discussions, 164
          • Owen discussions, 159
          • U.S.-Nigerian discussions, 171
          • U.S.-Zambian communications, 209
          • Vorster talks, 56, 158, 274, 276, 278
      • South Africa:
        • U.S. actions against, 313, 318
        • U.S. policy toward:
          • Carter-Botha discussions, 269
          • Department of State paper, 284
          • National Security Council discussions, 267, 349
          • Policy Review Committee discussions, 265
          • Presidential Directives, 268
          • Presidential Review Memoranda, 259
          • Vance-Young paper, 271
          • Vorster talks, 56, 272, 273, 274, 276, 278, 284, 294
    • Montiero, Jaime, 86
    • Moore, Frank, 249, 318
    • Moose, George, 197, 215, 216, 218, 220, 221, 234
    • Moose, Richard M., Jr.:
      • Angola:
        • Cuban military presence, 6, 8
        • UNITA insurgency, 15, 24
        • U.S. relations with, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 372
      • Namibia:
        • UN Security Council Resolution 435, 97
        • U.S.–OAU discussions, 74
        • Western Contact Group diplomacy, 68, 76, 78, 91, 109, 372
      • Rhodesia:
        • April 1979 elections, 220, 221, 223, 226, 372
        • Chimoio raid (1977), 176, 177
        • Internal Settlement, 188, 190, 191, 194, 195
        • Muzorewa government status, 235, 238, 239
        • Owen-Vance peace plan:
          • Carter-Nyerere discussions, 164
          • Malta talks, 183, 184
          • Policy Review Committee discussions, 169, 175
          • Salisbury Group talks, 216
          • U.S.-British communications, 173, 181, 187, 190
          • U.S.-Nigerian discussions, 171, 200
          • U.S.-Zambian communications, 209
          • Vance-Patriotic Front discussions, 196
        • Raids on Zambia (Nov. 1979), 246
        • Sanctions, 230, 249, 372
        • U.S.-British all-parties meeting proposals, 197, 200, 214, 216
      • South Africa:
        • Nuclear capabilities:
          • Bowdler-Botha discussions, 294
          • Christopher memoranda, 297
          • Possible detonation, 361
          • Sole discussions, 320
          • Vance-Botha communications, 295
          • Vance memoranda, 307, 351, 364
        • U.S. actions against, 313, 318
      • U.S. relations with Mozambique, 310
      • U.S.-Zimbabwean relations, 258
    • Moreton, John, 138, 163
    • Morse, David, 33
    • Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 240
    • Mozambique (see also Frontline States; Machel, Samora)
      • Rhodesian Chimoio raid (1977), 175, 176, 177
      • U.S. relations with, 310
    • Mugabe, Robert (see also Patriotic Front)
      • Hughes Mission, 219
      • Internal Settlement, 191, 195, 196
      • Internal settlement proposals/negotiations, 137
      • Owen-Vance peace plan and:
        • Christopher memoranda, 146
        • CIA Intelligence Memoranda, 168
        • Dar es Salaam talks (1978), 204
        • Malta talks, 196
        • Moose talks, 173
        • Owen Africa trip, 148
        • Pretoria talks, 206
        • U.S.-British discussions, 145, 160
        • Vance discussions, 196
      • U.S.-Zimbabwean relations, 256, 258
    • Mulaisho, D.C., 209
    • Mulder, Cornelius (Connie), 34
    • Murray, Robert, 361
    • Muskie, Edmund S., 129, 358, 374, 375
    • Mutasa, Joyce, 195
    • Mutukwa, Kasuka, 213
    • Mutuswa, Solomon (Rex Nhongo), 200
    • Muzorewa, Abel (see also Rhodesia, Salisbury Group), 135
    • Mwale, Siteke, 81, 154, 162, 204, 209
    • Mwanakatwe, J. M., 209
    • Nach, James, 97, 177
    • Namibia:
      • Carter-Botha correspondence, 94, 102, 119, 120, 122, 123, 124
      • Carter-Waldheim discussions, 127
      • CIA information cables, 121
      • Department of State paper, 284
      • Elections (1978), 101
      • National Assembly formation (May 1979), 126
      • National Security Council discussions, 267
      • National Security Council study, 264
      • Policy Review Committee discussions, 230, 265, 285, 372
      • Pre-Implementation Conference, 129, 130
      • Presidential Review Memoranda, 259
      • Secretary General’s report (Aug. 1978), 91, 92, 93, 94, 95
      • Secretary General’s report (Feb. 1979), 103, 112, 124, 125
      • Settlement Proposal:
        • Ahtisaari appointment, 90
        • Carter-Kaunda correspondence, 87
        • Carter-Vorster correspondence, 89, 336
        • Christopher memoranda, 88
        • U.S.-South African communications, 85
        • Vance memoranda, 75
        • Vance-SWAPO discussions, 86
        • Vance-Waldheim discussions, 90
      • Seven Point Proposal, 45, 46, 52, 260
      • Turnhalle Constitutional Conference:
        • Bowdler memoranda, 43, 47
        • Carter-Vorster correspondence, 56
        • Christopher memoranda, 48
        • U.S.-South African communications, 56, 269
        • Vance memoranda, 44, 46
        • Vance-Owen discussions, 145
        • Western Contact Group démarche on, 49, 50
        • Western Contact Group discussions, 58
      • UN negotiations, 34
      • UN Security Council Resolution 338, 349
      • UN Security Council Resolution 439, 97
      • U.S.-Angolan discussions, 30, 31, 32, 36
      • U.S.-British discussions, 160
      • U.S.-Mozambique discussions, 310
      • U.S.-Nigerian discussions, 200
      • U.S.–OAU discussions, 74
      • U.S.-South African communications, 260
      • U.S.–UNITA communications, 40
      • U.S.-Zambian communications, 209
      • Western Contact Group diplomacy (see also Settlement Proposal above)
        • Administrator General appointment and, 64
        • Carter-Kaunda correspondence, 87
        • Carter-Waldheim correspondence, 72
        • Christopher memoranda, 67, 68, 72, 73, 76, 88
        • Démarche, 49, 50, 272, 273
        • Draft assessment, 76
        • Frontline States meetings, 81, 111, 116, 117
        • National Security Council discussions, 349
        • Proximity talks (1978), 77, 79, 80
        • Proximity talks (1979), 109, 110, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 372
        • South Africa New York talks, 82
        • South Africa talks first session, 52, 53, 54, 55, 59
        • South Africa talks second session, 58, 59, 60
        • South Africa talks third session, 73
        • SWAPO New York talks, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 75, 84
        • UN Security Council Resolution 435, 98, 99, 101, 103, 104, 107
        • U.S.-Nigerian discussions, 171
        • U.S.-South African communications:
        • U.S.-Tanzanian discussions, 68
        • Vance memoranda, 61, 65, 75, 128
        • Vance-Nujoma meeting, 83
        • Waldheim consultations, 55, 57, 62, 63, 65
        • Working paper, 51
    • Namibia National Front (NNF), 110, 112
    • National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA). See Angola, UNITA insurgency.
    • N’dong, Laon, 81
    • Nelson, Harvey, 153, 155, 156
    • Neto, Agostinho:
      • Cuban support for, 2
      • Death of, 37, 38
      • Namibia, 127
      • Political situation, 3
      • Rhodesia, 150, 168
      • U.S.-Angolan relations, 14, 25, 26, 27
    • Newsom, David D.:
    • Newton, Alan, 361
    • Ngonda, Putteho M., 209
    • Nigeria:
    • Niles, Thomas M., 86, 97, 106, 107, 108, 118, 335
    • Nkomo, Joshua (see also Patriotic Front)
      • Hughes Mission, 219
      • Internal Settlement, 190, 191, 195, 196, 201, 216
      • Internal settlement proposals/negotiations, 137, 174
      • Lowenstein meetings, 222
      • Owen-Vance peace plan and:
        • Carter-Nyerere discussions, 164
        • Christopher memoranda, 146
        • CIA Intelligence Memoranda, 168
        • Dar es Salaam talks (1978), 204
        • Malta talks, 196
        • Moose talks, 173
        • Owen Africa trip, 148
        • Pretoria talks, 206
        • Vance discussions, 151, 196
        • Vance-Owen discussions, 145, 150
        • Vance status reports, 162
    • Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG), 301
    • Nujoma, Sam, 47
      • Western Contact Group diplomacy:
        • Draft assessment, 76
        • Proximity talks (1978), 80
        • Proximity talks (1979), 111
        • Settlement Proposal, 86, 90
        • South Africa talks, 55
        • SWAPO New York talks, 69, 70, 84
        • Vance meeting, 83
        • Waldheim consultations, 57
    • Nyakyi, Anthony, 68, 164
    • Nye, Joseph S., 307, 320, 328, 332
    • Nyerere, Julius (see also Frontline States), 68
      • Carter correspondence, 182, 198
      • Namibia, 76
      • Rhodesia:
        • Internal settlement proposals/negotiations, 143
        • Muzorewa government status, 236
        • Owen-Vance peace plan:
          • Carter correspondence, 182
          • Carter discussions, 164
          • Christopher memoranda, 146
          • CIA Intelligence Memoranda, 168
          • Dar es Salaam talks (1978), 205
          • Owen Africa trip, 148.
          • U.S.-British discussions, 163
          • Vance discussions, 166, 202
        • U.S.-British all-parties meeting proposals, 198, 215, 219
        • U.S.-British communications, 135
        • U.S. role, 139
        • U.S.-South African communications, 141
    • Palliser, Michael, 145, 150, 159, 235, 252
    • Parmenter, William:
    • Pastor, Robert A., 27
    • Patriotic Front (see also Mugabe, Robert; Nkomo, Joshua)
      • April 1979 elections, 229
      • Hughes Mission, 219
      • Internal Settlement and, 188, 190, 196
      • Internal settlement proposals/negotiations, 137, 141, 143
      • Lancaster House Conference, 243, 244, 246, 248, 252
      • Muzorewa government and, 235, 241
      • OAU recognition, 74, 138, 164
      • OAU resolution (1979), 242
      • Owen-Vance peace plan and:
        • Carter-Nyerere correspondence, 182
        • CIA Intelligence Memoranda, 168
        • Dar es Salaam talks (1978), 203, 204, 209
        • Malta talks, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 196
        • Pretoria talks, 206
        • U.S.-British communications, 150, 159, 160, 163
        • U.S.-Nigerian discussions, 200
        • U.S.-South African communications, 153
        • Vance discussions, 196, 202
        • Vance status reports, 162, 167, 174
      • Soviet/Cuban support for, 160, 163, 194
      • U.S.-British all-parties meeting proposals, 196, 197, 198
      • U.S.-British communications, 135
      • Vance-Muzorewa discussions, 195
      • Young-Ramphal discussions, 136
    • Pell, Claiborne, 249
    • Perito, Robert M., 275, 308
    • Perry, Rhodesia, 235
    • Petterson, Donald K.:
    • Pickering, Thomas R., 351, 353, 364
    • Pinson, Valerie, 318
    • Policy Review Committee (PRC):
    • Pompa, Leonard, 177
    • Porrino, Frank, 11
    • Portugal, 13
    • Potts, James, 201
    • Presidential Determinations, No. 80–6, “Maintenance of Sanctions Against Zimbabwe-Rhodesia,” 245
    • Presidential Directives, NSC–5, “Southern Africa,” 144, 268
    • Presidential Review Memoranda, NSC–4, “South Africa and Rhodesian Negotiations,” 259
    • Press, Frank, 258, 363, 368
    • Price, Melvin, 243
    • Punabantu, M.J., 209
    • Qoboza, Percy, 327
    • Ramphal, Sridath “Sonny,” 136
    • Ramphul, Radha Krishna, 81
    • Ramsbotham, Peter, 132, 138
    • Rangel, Charles, 318
    • Reddy, Leo, 90
    • Reid, Martin, 150, 159, 221
    • Reinhardt, John E., 4, 6, 11, 17, 240
    • Rentschler, James M.T., 42
    • Renwick, Robin, 238
    • Reynders, Thomas R., 97, 108
    • Rhodesia (see also U.S.-Zimbabwean relations)
      • Anglo-American Plan. See Owen-Vance peace plan below.
      • April 1979 elections:
        • Bennet memoranda, 227
        • Carter-Callaghan correspondence, 232, 233
        • Lowenstein proposal, 222
        • McGovern/Hayakawa resolution, 223, 225, 229
        • Policy Review Committee discussions, 372
        • U.S. policy, 226, 230, 231
        • U.S.-South African communications, 220, 221, 226
        • Vance memoranda, 223, 226, 228, 229
      • Cease-fire airlift, 247, 251, 255
      • Chimoio raid (1977), 175, 176, 177
      • Chimoio raid on Mozambique (1977), 175, 176, 177
      • Constitution (Jan. 1979), 220, 225
      • Descriptive terms, 240
      • Interagency Group report, 149
      • Internal Settlement:
        • Brzezinski memoranda, 193
        • Helms Amendment, 210, 212
        • Nkomo-Smith discussions, 216
        • Owen-Sithole discussions, 189
        • Owen-Vance peace plan comparison, 192
        • Policy Review Committee discussions, 188
        • Salisbury Group talks, 207, 216
        • Special Coordination Committee discussions, 201
        • U.S.-British communications, 190, 191, 194, 197
        • U.S. public opinion, 209
        • U.S.-South African communications, 208, 336
        • Vance-Muzorewa discussions, 195
        • Vance-Patriotic Front discussions, 196
      • Internal settlement proposals/negotiations:
        • CIA information cables, 137
        • Department of State paper, 284
        • Malta talks, 186
        • Policy Review Committee discussions, 175, 285
        • Smith statement (Jan. 1977), 131, 133, 260
        • Smith-Vorster meeting (Feb. 1977), 137, 138, 140
        • U.S.-British discussions, 163
        • U.S.-Nigerian discussions, 171
        • U.S.-South African communications, 141, 143, 260
        • Vance-Sithole discussions, 175
        • Vance status reports, 174
      • Lancaster House Conference, 243, 244, 246, 248, 252
      • Lowenstein proposal, 222, 224
      • Missionary massacre (June 23, 1978), 212
      • Muzorewa government status:
        • Carter-Muzorewa meeting, 239
        • OAU resolution (1979), 242
        • U.S.-British communications, 235, 236, 238
        • Vance-Muzorewa correspondence, 234
        • Vance-Muzorewa meetings, 241
      • National Security Council study, 264
      • Owen-Vance peace plan:
        • British white paper, 182
        • Carter-Kaunda correspondence, 180, 199
        • Carter-Nyerere correspondence, 182
        • Carter-Nyerere discussions, 164
        • Carver-Chand talks, 172, 214
        • Christopher memoranda, 146, 214
        • CIA Intelligence Memoranda, 168
        • Dar es Salaam talks (1978), 202, 203, 204, 205, 209
        • Department of State paper, 284
        • Internal Settlement comparison, 192
        • Malta talks, 183, 184, 185, 186, 187, 196
        • Owen Africa trip, 148, 269, 272, 273
        • Policy Review Committee discussions, 169, 175
        • Pretoria Patriotic Front talks, 206
        • Salisbury Group talks, 216
        • Smith-Kaunda discussions, 171
        • Smith press conference (Nov. 24, 1977), 182
        • Smith press conference (Sept. 2, 1977), 171
        • U.S.-British communications:
        • U.S. military aid for Commonwealth force, 161
        • U.S.-Nigerian discussions, 171, 200
        • U.S.–OAU discussions, 74
        • U.S.-South African communications, 153
          • Carter-Vorster correspondence, 56, 311
          • Chimoio raid (1977), 178
          • Christopher memoranda, 152
          • Mondale-Vorster talks, 56, 158, 274, 276, 278
          • Vance-Botha communications, 281, 311
        • U.S.-Zambian communications, 209
        • Vance-Muzorewa discussions, 166
        • Vance-Nkomo discussions, 151
        • Vance-Nyerere discussions, 166, 202
        • Vance/Owen-Botha talks, 165
        • Vance-Patriotic Front discussions, 196
        • Vance status reports, 162, 167, 174
      • Political situation, 158
      • Presidential Review Memoranda, 259
      • Raids on Zambia (Nov. 1979), 246
      • Salisbury Group (see also April 1979 elections above), 203, 206, 207, 214, 219, 222
      • Salisbury talks. See Internal settlement proposals/negotiations above.
      • Sanctions (see also Byrd Amendment)
        • Aaron memoranda, 170, 231
        • British violation of, 214
        • Brzezinski memoranda, 217, 237, 249, 250
        • CIA analysis, 144
        • Defense Authorization Bill, 243
        • Helms Amendment, 210, 212, 243
        • Interagency Group report, 149
        • Low memoranda, 219
        • OAU resolution (1979), 242
        • Policy Review Committee discussions, 169, 175, 230, 372
        • Presidential Determination, 245
        • Schaufele memoranda, 157
        • U.S.-British discussions, 235, 248, 252
        • U.S.-South African communications, 208
        • Vance memoranda, 139, 223, 226, 229, 244
        • Vance-Muzorewa communications, 212, 234
      • Soviet/Cuban role:
        • Owen-Vance peace plan on, 145
        • Policy Review Committee discussions, 246
        • Salisbury Group talks, 207, 216
        • U.S.-British communications, 160, 163, 190, 194, 203, 214
        • U.S.-South African communications, 208, 220, 221, 269
        • U.S.-Zambian communications, 209
      • UN Security Council Resolution 409, 157
      • UN Security Council Resolution 423, 193, 194, 197, 199
      • U.S.-British all-parties meeting proposals (see also Lancaster House Conference above)
        • Brzezinski memoranda, 193, 217
        • Carter/Callaghan-Kaunda correspondence, 215
        • Carter/Callaghan-Nyerere correspondence, 215
        • Carter-Kaunda correspondence, 199
        • Carter-Owen discussions, 194
        • Hughes Mission, 218, 219
        • Low-Smith discussions, 211
        • Salisbury Group talks, 207, 216
        • U.S.-Nigerian discussions, 200
        • U.S.-South African communications, 208
        • U.S.-Zambian communications, 213
        • Vance-Carrington discussions, 235
        • Vance-Muzorewa discussions, 195, 212
        • Vance-Owen discussions, 197, 203, 214
        • Vance-Patriotic Front discussions, 196
      • U.S.-British communications:
        • Carter-Thatcher meetings, 252
        • Vance memoranda, 142
        • Vance-Owen meetings, 145
        • Vance-Ramsbotham discussions, 132
        • Vance-Richard meetings, 138
        • Young London visit (Feb. 1977), 134, 135, 136
      • U.S.-Mozambique discussions, 310
      • U.S.-South African communications, 46, 140, 141, 261
      • U.S. strategy, 139, 264, 267
      • U.S.-Tanzanian discussions, 68
      • U.S.-Zambian communications, 133, 209
      • Zambia strike threat (1977), 154, 155, 156
    • Ribicoff, Abraham A., 160
    • Richard, Ivor, 135, 138, 159, 214, 260
    • Richardson, Henry J.:
    • Roberto, Holden, 40
    • Roberts, Gwen, 230
    • Roberts, Owen, 372
    • Robinson, John, 197
    • Rodrigues, M.A.D., 81
    • Rohan, Albert, 127
    • Rosenberg, Robert, 361
    • Rowlands, Ted, 145, 150, 214
    • Rustin, Bayard, 235
    • Rweyemamu, Justinian, 68, 164
    • Salim, Salim Ahmed, 81, 204
    • Salmon, William, 351
    • Sanu, E.O., Rhodesia, 200
    • Saunders, Harold H., 11, 137
    • Savimbi, Jonas (see also Angola, UNITA insurgency), 5, 35, 40
    • Schaufele, William E., Jr.:
    • Schecter, Jerrold, 127, 310, 360, 361
    • Scheinman, Lawrence, 287
    • Schmidt, Michael, 107
    • Schmiel, Eugene D., 234
    • Schrage, Barbara J., 366
    • Scott, David, 260
    • Seelye, Talcott, 141, 152, 275, 287
    • Seitz, Raymond G.H., 135, 141, 145, 150, 151, 159, 235
    • Senghor, Léopold Sédar, 5
    • Shankle, Arthur, 48
    • Shearer, Jeremy, 260, 269
    • Shenstone, Michael, 53
    • Shipanga, Andreas, 113
    • Shulman, Marshall D., 288, 333
    • Sick, Capt. Gary, 24
    • Siegel, Jeffrey R., 292
    • Siena, James, 360
    • Sithole, Ndabaningi (see also Rhodesia, Salisbury Group)
      • Hughes Mission, 219
      • Internal Settlement, 189
      • Internal settlement proposals/negotiations, 137, 138, 174, 175
      • Muzorewa government status, 241
      • Owen-Vance peace plan, 162, 168, 172
      • U.S.-British all-parties meeting proposals, 207, 216
    • Slocombe, Walter, 11, 188
    • Smith, Bill, 318
    • Smith, David, 203
    • Smith, Gerard C.:
      • South African nuclear capabilities:
        • Botha discussions, 371
        • Bowdler-Botha discussions, 308, 309
        • Bowdler-Fourie discussions, 328
        • Brzezinski memoranda, 342
        • Christopher memoranda, 346
        • Possible detonation, 361
        • Sole discussions, 340, 368
        • U.S.-French discussions, 341
        • U.S.-South African talks (June 1978), 343, 344, 345, 348
        • Vance memoranda, 307, 351, 353, 364
    • Smith, Ian (see also Rhodesia; Rhodesia, Salisbury Group)
      • April 1979 elections, 220, 221
      • Congressional outreach to, 34
      • Internal Settlement, 216
      • Internal settlement proposals/negotiations:
        • CIA information cables, 137
        • Statement (Jan. 1977), 131, 133, 260
        • U.S.-South African communications, 141
        • Vorster meeting (Feb. 1977), 137, 138, 140
      • Lowenstein meetings, 222, 224
      • Muzorewa government role, 235, 238, 241
      • Owen-Vance peace plan, 145, 150
        • Carver-Chand talks, 172
        • CIA Intelligence Memoranda, 168
        • Kaunda discussions, 171
        • Owen Africa trip, 148
        • Press conference (Nov. 24, 1977), 182
        • Press conference (Sept. 2, 1977), 171
        • U.S.-British discussions, 181
        • Vance status reports, 162, 167, 174
      • Political situation, 158, 168
      • U.S.-British all-parties meeting proposals, 197, 207, 211, 216
      • Zambia strike threat (1977), 154, 155, 156
    • Smith, Lt. Gen. William Y.:
    • Snell, John, 216
    • Solarz, Stephen J., 188, 235, 249
    • Sole, Donald B.:
      • Namibia, 107, 108, 123
      • Rhodesia, 158
      • South African increased political repression, 374, 375
      • South African nuclear capabilities, 309, 320, 340, 368
      • U.S. policy toward South Africa, 276, 278, 321
    • Solomon, Anthony M., 265
    • South Africa (see also Namibia)
      • Aggression against Angola, 15, 31, 32, 34, 115, 118
      • Crossroads statement, 123
      • Documents not declassified, 263, 286, 326, 358
      • Five Power sanctions talks, 335
      • Human rights overviews, 327, 373
      • Increased political repression:
        • Intelligence Assessments, 327
        • Muskie memoranda, 374
        • National Security Council study, 264
        • Newsom-Sole meetings, 375
        • Policy Review Committee discussions, 313
        • UN Security Council Resolution 417, 321
      • Nuclear capabilities:
        • Botha/Francois-Poncet discussions, 371
        • Bowdler-Botha discussions, 294, 308, 309
        • Bowdler-Fourie discussions, 298, 299, 328
        • Brzezinski-Fourie discussions, 321
        • Brzezinski memoranda, 301, 306, 342
        • Carter-Vorster correspondence, 311
        • Christopher memoranda, 297, 328, 346
        • Edmondson-Botha discussions, 365
        • Edmondson-Fourie discussions, 347, 352, 370
        • Fourie discussions, 371
        • Fourie paper, 348
        • Gerard C. Smith-Botha discussions, 371
        • Gerard C. Smith-Sole discussions, 340, 368
        • Interagency Assessment, 293
        • International Atomic Energy Agency membership, 366
        • Moose-Sole discussions, 320
        • Newsom memoranda, 350
        • Policy Review Committee discussions, 313
        • Possible detonation, 360, 361, 362, 363, 367, 369
        • Soviet démarche, 287, 288, 289, 292
        • U.S.-French discussions, 341
        • U.S.-Israeli communications, 300, 303, 304
        • U.S.-Mozambique discussions, 310
        • U.S.-South African talks (June 1978), 340, 342, 343, 344, 345, 348
        • U.S.-Soviet communications, 302, 333
        • U.S. technical team visit, 330, 331, 332
        • Vance-Botha communications, 295, 296, 311, 338
        • Vance memoranda, 290, 291, 307, 351, 353, 354, 364
      • Political situation, 34, 215
      • Rhodesia (see also U.S.-South African communications under Rhodesia)
      • Sanctions proposals (see also U.S. actions against below), 138
        • Aaron memoranda, 170
        • Brzezinski memoranda, 314
        • Department of State paper, 284
        • Dodson memoranda, 315
        • Policy Review Committee discussions, 265
        • U.S.-Zambian communications, 209
        • Vance-Owen discussions, 145, 179
      • Soweto uprising (June 16–24, 1976), 74
      • UN Security Council Resolution 417, 321
      • UN Security Council Resolution 418, 321
      • U.S. actions against:
        • Agency contacts review, 277, 282, 283, 312, 334
        • Brzezinski memoranda, 314, 324, 329
        • Carter-Congressional Black Caucus meeting, 318
        • Christopher memoranda, 356
        • Collins Resolution, 318
        • Department of State papers, 284, 339
        • International boycott list proposal, 305
        • Kreps memoranda, 329
        • National Security Council study, 264
        • Policy Review Committee discussions, 285, 313
        • Tarnoff memoranda, 279, 316, 319, 325
        • Thornton memoranda, 337
        • Vance memoranda, 280
        • Vance-Young paper, 271
      • U.S. corporate policies, 266, 267, 318, 335
      • U.S. investments, 264, 284, 337
      • U.S. policy toward (see also U.S. actions against below)
        • Air reconnaissance, 230, 355, 357, 359
        • Brzezinski-Fourie discussions, 321
        • Carter-Botha discussions, 269
        • Carter UN speech (Mar. 17, 1977), 271
        • Department of State paper, 284
        • Intelligence Assessments, 327
        • National Security Council discussions, 267, 349
        • National Security Council study, 264
        • Policy Review Committee discussions, 265, 313
        • Presidential Directives, 268
        • Presidential Review Memoranda, 259
        • U.S.-British discussions, 142, 150
        • U.S.-Mozambique discussions, 310
        • U.S. public explanations, 284
        • U.S.-South African communications:
        • U.S.-Zambian communications, 209
        • Vance NAACP speech (July 1, 1977), 294
        • Vance-Young paper, 271
      • Young National Council of Churches remarks (1977), 321
      • Young visit proposals, 275
    • Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 42
    • Soviet Union (see also Rhodesia, Soviet/Cuban role)
    • Soweto uprising (June 16–24, 1976), 74
    • Spain, James, 68, 164, 202, 205
    • Special Action Group on South Africa, 301
    • Special Activities Working Group (SAWG), 11
    • Special Coordination Committee (SCC) (see also Special Activities Working Group)
    • Spiegel, Marianne, 13, 177, 222
    • Spiers, Ronald I., 135, 136, 145, 159
    • Spiliotes, Nick, 246
    • Squire, Bill, 216
    • Squire, Clifford W., 138
    • Stark, Pete, 225
    • Stennis, John C., 243
    • Stevens, Theodore F. (Ted), 249
    • Steyn, Marthinius, 64
    • Stoessel, Walter J., Jr., 89
    • Streator, Edward J., Jr., 173, 295
    • Sullivan, Leon, 266, 267
    • Sullivan Principles, 266, 267
    • SWAPO. See Namibia; Nujoma, Sam
    • Swing, William, 13
    • Tanzania (see also Frontline States; Nyerere, Julius), 68
    • Tarnoff, Peter R.:
      • Angola, 8
      • Namibia, 44, 77, 118, 230
      • Rhodesia:
        • Cease-fire airlift, 255
        • Interagency Group report, 149
        • Internal settlement proposals/negotiations, 260
        • Owen-Vance peace plan, 160, 165
        • Sanctions, 248
        • U.S.-British all-parties meeting proposals, 217
        • U.S.-South African communications, 141
      • South Africa:
    • Taylor, J. Clagett, 287
    • Tefft, John F., 76
    • Thatcher, Margaret H., 236, 241, 250, 252, 256, 257
    • Thomas, Francis H., 335
    • Thomas, Rear Adm. Gerald E., 169
    • Thornton, Thomas P.:
    • Thyden, James E., 177, 196, 215, 218, 307
    • Tighe, Eugene F., 358
    • Tlou, Thomas, 81
    • Tongagara, Josiah Magama, 200
    • Towsey, Kenneth, 212, 216
    • Trattner, John H., 108
    • Trevithick, John P., 366
    • Tsongas, Paul, 33, 222, 225, 318
    • Tuchman, Jessica, 265, 267, 313
    • Tunney-Javits amendment (1976), 7, 21
    • Turner, Adm. Stansfield:
    • Twaddell, William, 138, 145, 260
    • United Kingdom. See Namibia, Western Contact Group diplomacy; Rhodesia; U.S.-British headings under other subject
    • United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG), 34
    • UN Security Council Resolution 338, 349
    • UN Security Council Resolution 385, 49, 50, 55, 274
    • UN Security Council Resolution 409, 157
    • UN Security Council Resolution 417, 321
    • UN Security Council Resolution 423, 193, 194, 197
    • UN Security Council Resolution 447, 115
    • Urquhart, Brian, 128
    • U.S. Information Agency (USIA), 10
    • U.S.-Zimbabwean relations, 253, 254, 256, 257, 258
    • Valadez, Juan, 36
    • Valerga, Stanislaus R. P., 107
    • Vance, Cyrus:
      • Angola:
        • Cuban military presence, 4, 6, 15
        • Humanitarian relief for, 1
        • South African aggression against, 15, 118
        • UNITA insurgency, 14, 15, 22, 24
        • U.S. relations with:
          • Brzezinski memoranda, 14, 25, 39
          • Moose mission, 28, 29
          • Policy Review Committee discussions, 372
          • Vance/McHenry memoranda, 38, 41
          • Young memoranda, 34
      • Namibia:
        • Carter-Botha correspondence, 119
        • National Assembly formation (May 1979), 126
        • National Security Council discussions, 267, 349
        • Secretary General’s report (Feb. 1979), 125
        • Settlement Proposal, 75, 86, 90
        • Seven Point Proposal, 46
        • Turnhalle Constitutional Conference, 43, 44, 46, 145
        • UN Security Council Resolution 435:
          • U.S.-South African communications, 96, 97, 100, 101, 105, 106, 107, 108
          • Western Contact Group-South African communications, 104
        • U.S.–OAU discussions, 74
        • Western Contact Group diplomacy, 61, 65, 75, 128
      • Rhodesia:
        • April 1979 elections, 223, 226, 227, 228, 229, 231, 372
        • Botha meetings, 140, 141
        • Byrd Amendment, 131, 140, 260
        • Cease-fire airlift, 247, 251, 255
        • Chimoio raid (1977), 176, 177
        • Descriptive terms, 240
        • Internal Settlement:
          • Muzorewa discussions, 195
          • Owen correspondence, 190, 191
          • Owen discussions, 197
          • Owen-Sithole discussions, 189
          • Owen-Vance peace plan comparison, 192
          • Patriotic Front discussions, 196
          • Policy Review Committee discussions, 188
          • Salisbury Group talks, 207
          • Special Coordination Committee discussions, 201
          • U.S.-British discussions, Carter-Owen discussions, 194
          • U.S. policy, 193
        • Internal settlement proposals/negotiations, 131, 133, 141, 143, 174, 175, 260
        • Lancaster House Conference, 248, 252
        • Muzorewa government status, 234, 235, 236, 239, 241, 242
        • Owen-Vance peace plan:
          • Botha communications, 281, 311
          • Carter-Owen discussions, 163
          • Dar es Salaam talks (1978), 202, 203, 204, 205
          • Malta talks, 183, 184, 187, 196
          • Muzorewa discussions, 166
          • Nkomo discussions, 151
          • Nyerere discussions, 166, 202
          • Owen Africa trip, 148
          • Owen correspondence, 147, 187, 190, 191
          • Owen discussions, 145, 150, 160, 179
          • Patriotic Front discussions, 196
          • Policy Review Committee discussions, 169, 175
          • Pretoria Patriotic Front talks, 206
          • Salisbury Group talks, 216
          • Status reports, 162, 167, 174
          • U.S. military aid for Commonwealth force, 161
          • U.S.-Nigerian discussions, 171, 200
          • U.S.-Zambian communications, 209
          • Vance/Owen-Botha talks, 165
        • Sanctions, 139, 223, 229, 244
          • Brzezinski memoranda, 217
          • Muzorewa communications, 212, 234
          • OAU resolution (1979), 242
          • Policy Review Committee discussions, 230, 372
          • U.S.-British discussions, 248
          • U.S. policy, 226
        • U.S.-British all-parties meeting proposals:
          • Brzezinski memoranda, 217
          • Carrington discussions, 235
          • Muzorewa discussions, 195, 212
          • Owen discussions, 197, 203, 214
          • Patriotic Front discussions, 196
          • Salisbury Group talks, 207, 216
          • U.S.-Nigerian discussions, 200
          • U.S.-South African communications, 208
          • U.S.-Zambian communications, 213
        • U.S.-British communications, 132, 134, 138, 142
        • U.S. strategy, 139, 267
        • U.S.-Zambian communications, 133
      • South Africa:
        • Human rights overviews, 373
        • Nuclear capabilities, 290, 291, 292, 307, 351, 353, 354, 364
          • Botha communications, 295, 296, 311, 338
          • Bowdler-Botha discussions, 294, 308, 309
          • Brzezinski memoranda, 306, 342
          • Gerard C. Smith-Sole discussions, 368
          • International Atomic Energy Agency membership, 366
          • Moose-Sole discussions, 320
          • Possible detonation, 369
          • Soviet démarche, 289
          • U.S.-Israeli communications, 300, 304
          • U.S.-South African talks (June 1978), 344
          • U.S.-Soviet communications, 333
        • U.S. actions against, 271, 316, 324
          • Policy Review Committee discussions, 313
          • U.S. ocean surveillance cooperation, 280, 312
        • U.S. corporate policies, Sullivan Principles, 266
        • U.S. policy toward:
          • Carter-Botha discussions, 269
          • Department of State paper, 284
          • NAACP speech (July 1, 1977), 294
          • National Security Council discussions, 267
          • Policy Review Committee discussions, 265
          • Presidential Directives, 268
          • Presidential Review Memoranda, 259
          • U.S.-South African communications, 262, 281
      • U.S.-British communications, 145
      • U.S. relations with Mozambique, 310
      • U.S.-Zimbabwean relations, 253, 254, 256
      • Zaire crisis, 1
    • Van Doren, Charles, 287, 292, 343, 346, 351, 353
    • Van Heerden, Neil, 85, 91, 110
    • Van Well, Günther, 112, 114, 115, 116, 117
    • Vasev, Vladillen, 287, 288, 289
    • Vest, George S., 235, 252
    • Viall, John, 91
    • Vieira, Sergio, 81, 204, 310
    • Voice of America (VOA), 6, 8, 10, 17
    • Vorster, B.J. (see also Carter-Vorster correspondence)
      • Namibia:
        • Turnhalle Constitutional Conference, 47, 52
        • Western Contact Group diplomacy:
          • Carter correspondence, 56, 66, 89, 311, 336
          • Christopher memoranda, 67
          • Démarche, 49, 50, 273
          • Mondale talks, 274, 276
          • Secretary General’s report (Aug. 1978), 92, 93
          • Settlement Proposal, 89, 336
          • South Africa talks first session, 52, 53, 54, 55, 59
          • South Africa talks second session, 58, 60
          • South Africa talks third session, 73
      • Resignation of, 34, 215
      • Rhodesia:
        • Internal Settlement, 336
        • Owen-Vance peace plan:
        • Smith meeting (Feb. 1977), 137, 138, 140
        • Vance-Botha discussions, 141
      • South African nuclear capabilities, 311
      • U.S. policy toward South Africa:
    • Walden, George, 252
    • Waldheim, Kurt:
      • Namibia:
        • Carter discussions, 127
        • Secretary General’s report (Feb. 1979), 103, 112
        • Settlement Proposal, 90
        • UN Security Council Resolution 435, 98, 101, 103, 107
        • Western Contact Group diplomacy, 55, 57, 62, 63, 65, 72, 113
    • Walker, Howard K., 370
    • Wall, Stephen, 194, 197, 235
    • Walls, Peter, 246
    • Wells, William W., 11, 286
    • Whyte, Hamilton, 150, 159, 197, 235
    • Widman, Lyle, 313
    • Williamson, Richard L., 287, 307
    • Wilson, Harold, 214
    • Wisner, Frank G.:
      • Angola, 38, 39, 41
      • Namibia, 44, 45, 46, 48
      • Rhodesia:
        • Internal settlement proposals/negotiations, 260
        • Owen-Vance peace plan, 196
        • Raids on Zambia (Nov. 1979), 246
        • Sanctions, 234
        • U.S.-British all-parties meeting proposals, 218
        • U.S.-South African communications, 141
      • South Africa, 300, 304, 316, 319
    • Woessner, William M., 150
    • Woods, James, 246
    • Wyman, Parker, 200
    • Yar’Adua, S.M., 200
    • Yarnold, Michael, 235
    • Young, Andrew J.:
      • Angola, 13, 15, 16, 24, 26, 34
      • Maputo conference, 150
      • Namibia:
        • Carter-Waldheim discussions, 127
        • National Security Council discussions, 267
        • Nigerian role, 46
        • Turnhalle Constitutional Conference, 44, 48
        • UN Security Council Resolution 435, 99, 103, 104
        • Western Contact Group diplomacy:
          • Frontline States meetings, 81, 117
          • Proximity talks (1978), 79, 80
          • Proximity talks (1979), 112, 117
          • Secretary General’s report (Aug. 1978), 91, 92
          • Settlement Proposal, 75, 78, 85, 90
          • South Africa New York talks, 82
          • SWAPO New York talks, 67, 69, 70, 71
          • Waldheim consultations, 57, 62, 65
          • Working paper, 51
      • Rhodesia:
        • April 1979 elections, 226
        • Byrd Amendment, 135, 136
        • Internal Settlement, 188
        • London visit (Feb. 1977), 134, 135, 136
        • Lowenstein proposal, 222
        • Missionary massacre (June 23, 1978), 212
        • Owen-Vance peace plan:
          • Carter-Nyerere discussions, 164
          • Carter-Owen discussions, 163
          • Dar es Salaam talks (1978), 203
          • Malta talks, 183, 184, 185, 186
          • Moose talks, 173
          • Policy Review Committee discussions, 169, 175
          • Pretoria Patriotic Front talks, 206
          • Salisbury Group talks, 216
          • U.S.-Nigerian discussions, 171, 200
          • Vance-Nyerere discussions, 202
        • Sanctions, 226
        • U.S.-British all-parties meeting proposals, 200, 207, 208, 214, 216, 218
      • South Africa:
        • National Council of Churches remarks (1977), 321
        • Nuclear capabilities, 297, 304
        • U.S. actions against, 313, 318
        • U.S. policy toward, 259, 267, 268, 284, 349
        • Visit proposals, 275
      • U.S. relations with Mozambique, 310
    • Zablocki, Clement J., 249
    • Zaire:
      • Angola, UNITA insurgency and, 5
      • Angolan refugees in, Vance memoranda, 1
      • Angolan relations with, 30, 40, 41, 200
      • Shaba invasions, 1, 13
    • Zambia (see also Frontline States; Kaunda, Kenneth)
      • Angola, 2, 5
      • Namibia, 76
      • Rhodesian negotiations, 133, 209, 213
      • Rhodesian raids on (Nov. 1979), 246
      • Rhodesian strike threat (1977), 154, 155, 156
    • ZANU. See Mugabe, Robert; Patriotic Front.
    • ZAPU. See Nkomo, Joshua; Patriotic Front.
    • Zimbabwe (see also Rhodesia)