Index

References are to document numbers

• Acheson, Dean, 19, 31, 33
• Agrarian reform. See Land reform program.
• Air Force, U.S., 120, 159
• Aldana Sandoval, Col. Carlos, 2, 5
• Alfaro, Adolfo, 122
• Allen, Harry H., 73
• Alvarado, Humberto, 130
• Alvarado Jerez, Carlos, 130
• Alvarez Vidaurre, 223
• American Federation of Labor (AFL), 255
• Anderson, Robert B., 195
• Anti-communism (see also Psychological warfare):
  • Catholic Church, 6, 131, 133, 134, 136
  • CIA estimates, 2, 133
  • National Intelligence Estimates, 6
• Anti-Communist Party of Guatemala, 2
• Arana, Col. Francisco, 6, 148
• Arbenz, María Vilanova de, 77
• Arbenz Guzmàn, Jacobo (see also Arbenz Guzmàn overthrow plans; Guatemalan political situation; Land reform program):
  • Departure, 252
  • On Guatemalan Army, 184
  • Illness rumors, 2, 5
  • Political orientation, 2, 6, 27, 33, 130
• Arbenz Guzman overthrow plans (see also Operation PBFORTUNE; Operation PBSUCCESS):
  • Opposition groups, 57
  • Overviews, 1, 3
  • Simmons, 7, 10, 14
• Arenas, José Luis, 106
• Ares y Valladares, Manuel José, 57
• Arévalo, Juan José, 6, 27, 33, 35
• Argentina, 37
• Armstrong, W. Park, 34
• Army. See Guatemalan Army.
• Ascham, Robert A. See Dulles, Allen.
• Assassination plans:
  • Operation PBFORTUNE, 5, 20
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 113, 119, 131, 151, 164, 166, 167
• Baez Bone, Alberto, 122
• Baez Bone, Luis, 122
• Baldanza, Stephen, 236
• Baldocchi, Archie, 93
• Balmer, Gen., 74
• Bannister, Earl D., 173, 193, 210, 226, 266, 284, 285
• Barnes, Tracy:
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 135
    • Air support, 215
    • Defection program, 191
    • Psychological warfare, 169, 171
    • Review briefing, 281
    • State Department discussions, 113, 116
  • Toriello statements, 49
  • U.S. military aid to Central American countries, 50
• Barrios Klee, Waldemar, 130
• Barrios Peña, Col. Roberto, 56, 57, 106
• Barrios Solares, Col. Jorge, 57, 285
• Barzanallana, Col., 153
• Bernardino, Félix W., 18
• Bernau, Phyllis, 189, 195
• Berry, J. Lampton:
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 44, 113
  • Peurifoy briefing, 45
  • Toriello statements, 49, 50, 53
  • U.S. military aid to Central American countries, 50
• Bissell, Richard M.:
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 253
    • Air support, 211, 213, 215, 232, 233
    • Castillo Armas military action, 214
    • Contact reports, 135
    • U.S. military aid to Nicaragua, 180
• Bolivia, 37
• Brazil, 37
• Bruce, David K. E., 21, 22, 23, 26
• Bull, Lt. Gen. Harold R., 132
• Burkett, Maj., 20
• Burnette, Cyrus E., 173
• Cabell, Gen. Charles P.:
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 40, 44, 52, 54, 206, 265, 266
  • U.S. military aid to Central American countries, 56
• Cabot, John M., 61, 63, 72, 73, 77, 79
• Cadick, Irving G. (pseudonym), 164, 201, 247, 259
• Calligeris, John H. See Castillo Armas, Carlos.
• Canessa, Roberto, 130, 223
• Carias Andino, Tiburcio, 7
• Carroll, John, 9
• Casadei, Giuseppe, 130
• Casado, Marciano, 4
• Castillo Armas, Carlos (see also Castillo Armas organization; Operation PBFORTUNE; Operation PBSUCCESS):
  • Bernardino meeting, 18
  • CIA estimates, 1, 2, 41, 51, 133, 148
  • CIA reports, 3, 4, 7, 62
  • Invasion/revolt plans (June, 1953), 38
  • Operation PBFORTUNE termination, 24, 25, 30
  • Post-operation political situation, 282, 284, 285
  • Somoza meetings, 16, 76
  • U.S. communications, 84, 88, 106, 107, 109, 135
• Castillo Armas organization (see also Operation PBSUCCESS):
  • CIA estimates, 133
  • CIA reports, 62
  • Guatemalan Army and, 38, 47, 199
  • Military capabilities, 32, 38, 47, 51
  • Psychological warfare and, 51, 61
  • United Fruit Company support for, 57
• Castillo Flores, Leonardo, 130
• Catholic Church:
  • Anti-communism, 6, 33, 131, 133, 134, 136
  • CIA estimates, 51
  • Missionary assignment to Guatemala, 9
  • Psychological warfare and, 32, 100, 136
• Cazali Avila, César Augusto, 130
• Centeno, Carlos. See Castillo Armas, Carlos.
• CEUA, 80, 285
• Ceuage, 61
• Charnaud MacDonald, Augusto, 27, 130, 162, 202
• Chávez, Maj., 7
• Chávez Nackman, Ricardo, 2
• Chinchilla, Carlos Samayoa, 57
• Cifuentes, Carlos, 285
• CLOWER, 264
• Cobar, Oscar, 285
• Committee for the Liberation of Guatemala, 61
• Communist activities in Guatemala (see also Guatemalan political situation):
  • CIA estimates, 2, 27, 32, 33, 130, 132, 133
  • Operation PBHISTORY, 264, 283, 286
  • Schoenfeld reports, 34, 60
  • United Fruit Company and, 2, 7
• Conde, Oscar, 142
• Contreras, Francisco, 93, 130
• Corcoran, Thomas (see also United Fruit Company), 9, 20, 178, 279
• Córdova Cerna, Juan, 4, 13
• Coronado Lira, Luis, 284, 285
• Costa Rica:
  • Exile groups in, 2
  • Nicaraguan relations with, 140
  • Political situation, 31, 56
  • U.S. military aid to Central American countries and, 37
• Cowden, 101
• Cruz, Col. José Luis, 257, 263
• Delgado, 88, 90, 92, 148
• Dennison, Rear Adm. Robert L., 2
• Díaz, Col. Carlos Enrique, 131, 193
  • CIA estimates, 4, 133, 252
  • Díaz/Sánchez/Monzón junta, 249, 255, 256
• Dominican Republic, 1, 16, 17, 18, 31, 285
• DTFROGS. See El Salvador.
• Duarte, Lt. Guillermo, 122
• Dubois, Jules, 145, 147
• Dubois, Col. Mauricio, 257
• Dulles, Allen:
  • Communist activities in Guatemala, 132, 133
  • Guatemalan constitutional guarantee suspension, 174
  • Guatemalan Friendship Society, 182
  • Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 150, 156, 158
  • Operation PBFORTUNE, 12, 13, 20, 21, 22, 23, 26
  • Operation PBSUCCESS:
    • Air support, 203, 204, 206, 208, 217, 222, 225
    • Assassination plans, 164
    • Authorization for, 52, 75
    • British freighter attack, 252
    • Budget, 54
    • Castillo Armas military action, 214, 220, 229, 230, 241
    • Chief of Station instructions, 78, 94
    • Closing, 278
    • ERRATIC role, 235, 242
    • Guatemalan Army defection program, 177, 179, 186, 188, 200, 204, 220
    • Guatemalan government demonstration and, 198
    • Operation PBHISTORY, 264
    • Pre-D-Day action proposals, 161, 183
    • Program, 66, 67
    • Progress reports, 175
    • Review briefing, 281
    • Security compromises, 85, 94
    • State Department discussions, 72, 116
    • United Fruit Company and, 245, 248
    • Victory congratulations, 238, 265, 266
  • Operation WASHTUB, 144, 147
  • Political situation in Guatemala, 234, 260
    • Air support and, 251
    • Castillo Armas role, 247, 250, 267, 272
    • Díaz role, 244, 250
    • Díaz/Sánchez/Monzón junta, 255, 263
    • Monzón/Cruz/Dubois junta, 258, 261, 263, 267
    • Nicaraguan position, 271
  • United Fruit Company anti-trust suit, 196
  • U.S.-Guatemalan relations, 36, 53, 70
    • Economic sanctions, 36, 66, 189
  • U.S. military aid to Central American countries, 66
• Dulles, John Foster, 187, 261, 273
  • Economic sanctions on Guatemala, 189
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 72, 116, 195, 252
  • United Fruit Company anti-trust suit, 196
• Dunbar, Jerome C., 277
  • Communist activities in Guatemala, 130
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 76, 78, 94, 101, 112, 176
  • Psychological warfare, 136, 155, 181
• DYMAROON, 14, 19
• Earman, J. S., 2
• Ecuador, 172
• Edson, Gen., 20
• Edwards, Col., 42
• Eisenhower, Dwight D., 77, 196
• El Salvador:
  • Communist activities, 130
  • Exile groups in, 2
  • Guatemalan relations with, 27, 184
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 115, 126, 230, 261, 263, 267
  • State Department paper, 37
  • U.S. military aid to, 47, 50
    • General Plan of Action on, 51
    • JCS approval, 59, 61, 63, 66
    • Proposals, 41
    • State Department and, 37, 77
• ERRATIC, 117, 230, 235, 242
• ESAGE, 222
• ESCOBILLA, 284, 285
• ESCONSON, 222
• ESGAIN, 285
• ESODIC-1, 285
• Espe, Adm., 121
• ESPERANCE, 222
• ESQUIRE, 157, 175, 177, 185, 186, 193, 210, 222, 284
• ESSENCE, 136, 260, 284
• Esterline, Jacob D.:
  • Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 128
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 90, 103, 115, 140, 243
• ESTIMATOR, 222
• Estrada, Col. Antonio, 285
• Estrada de la Hoz, Julio, 6, 130
• Fanjul, Roberto, 27
• Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 66
• Figueres, José, 31, 56
• Fisher, 57
• Fisher, John W., 132
• Flinn, Dennis, 113
• Flores Amador, Armando, 130
• Flores, Lic. Victor Ramiro, 57
• Fortuny, José Manuel, 33, 34, 130
• Franco, Maj. Marco Antonio, 130
• Franco y Franco, Julio, 130
• Galbond, Oliver G. See King, Col. J. Caldwell.
• Gálvez, Juan Manuel (see also Honduras):
  • Operation PBFORTUNE, 7, 13
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 106, 112, 126, 127
• García, Capt. Marco Antonio, 130
• García, Col. Julio Pablo, 57
• García Granados, Jorge, 284
• General Confederation of Guatemalan Workers (CGTG), 6, 33, 35, 130
• GIMMICK, 134
• GINSENG, 134
• Girón, Col. Luis A., 133
• Givloch, Kenneth S., 82
• Gleijeses, Piero, 143
• Godoy, Antonio, 242
• Goicolea, Domingo, 285
• Goicolea, Hector, 285
• Greenberg, 39
• Gruson, Sidney, 182
• Guatemalan Army (see also Guatemalan Army role in Operation PBSUCCESS):
  • Castillo Armas invasion/revolt plans (June 1953) and, 38
  • CIA estimates, 51
  • National Intelligence Estimates, 6
• Guatemalan Army role in Operation PBSUCCESS (see also Alternate leader role and Defection program under Operation PBSUCCESS):
  • Air support and, 199, 200, 203, 204, 207, 208, 211, 219
  • Arbenz Guzman loyalty and, 184
  • Castillo Armas military action and, 214, 216, 220, 241
  • Castillo Armas organization and, 38, 47, 199
  • CIA estimates, 132, 133, 220
  • Constitutional guarantee suspension and, 174
  • Garrison commander shifts and, 32
  • Monzón role, 79, 83, 86, 133
  • Operation PBSUCCESS timing and, 190
  • Page departure, 177, 179
  • Page doubts, 165, 173
  • Page return, 188, 191, 194
  • Peurifoy role, 129, 168
  • Pre-D-Day action proposals and, 167
  • Psychological warfare and, 141, 181
  • Security compromises, 85, 173
  • Soviet bloc arms purchases and, 156, 184
  • U.S. military aid to Central American countries and, 37
  • U.S. military missions and, 69, 74, 159
• Guatemalan economic situation, 2, 6, 27, 33
• Guatemalan Friendship Society, 182
• Guatemalan political situation (see also Communist activities in Guatemala):
  • Castillo Armas role (see also Alternate leader role under Operation PBSUCCESS), 269, 270, 272, 273
    • Díaz/Sanchez/Monzón junta and, 247, 250
    • El Salvador meeting and, 261, 267
    • Monzón/Cruz/Dubois junta and, 257, 258
    • Nicaraguan position, 271
    • Pre-operation plans for future government, 97
    • U.S. control, 268
    • U.S. good offices request and, 249
  • Cessation of hostilities, 259, 260
  • CIA estimates, 2, 12, 27, 32, 51
  • Constitutional guarantee suspension, 173, 174
  • Díaz role, 244, 246, 250, 249, 253, 260
  • Díaz/Sanchez/Monzón junta, 256, 249, 250, 255, 263
  • El Salvador meeting, 261, 267
  • Military revolt (August 1954), 282
  • Monzón/Cruz/Dubois junta, 257, 258, 261, 263, 267
  • National Intelligence Estimates, 6
  • Peurifoy role, 45, 131, 275
  • Post-operation, 282, 284, 285
  • Pre-operation plans for future government, 96, 97, 111, 163, 185, 223
  • Resignation of Arbenz, 256
  • U.S. military aid to Central American countries and, 37
• Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 128
  • Guatemalan Army defection program and, 156, 184
  • Intelligence reports, 150, 153
  • OAS meeting discussion, 170
  • Psychological warfare and, 99, 102, 121
  • Sabotage, 150, 154, 158, 162
  • State Department position, 33, 121, 170
  • State Department support for United Fruit Company and, 169, 171, 172
  • Willauer role, 152
• Guerra, Virgilio, 130
• Gutiérrez, Victor Manuel, 33, 130, 131
• Haden, Allen, 237
• Hagerty, James, 273
• Hedden, Stuart, 9, 13, 20, 21, 22, 23
• Hediger, Donald, 55, 61, 63, 115
• Helms, Richard:
  • Operation PBFORTUNE, 7, 15
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 68, 78
  • U.S. military missions in Guatemala, 69
• Hennig, Col., 132
• Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 189
• Hill, John C., 79
• Hinton, Ralph, 236, 237
• Hirsch, Richard, 60
• Holland, Henry F.:
  • Appointment, 113
  • Communist activities in Guatemala, 132
  • Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 121, 170, 172
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 124, 170, 172, 195, 272
• Honduras:
  • Communist activities, 32, 130
  • Operation PBFORTUNE, 7, 13
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 106, 112, 115, 126, 127, 218
  • Political situation, 56, 135
  • U.S. ambassador, 50, 53
  • U.S. military aid to, 47
    • General Plan of Action on, 51
    • Intelligence activities and, 120
    • JCS approval, 59, 61, 63, 66
    • Proposals, 41
    • State Department and, 37, 77
• Hurtado, Charles, 237
• Ibarra Mayorga, Francisco, 122
• Inter-American Peace Committee (IAPC), 221
• International Railways of Central America (IRCA), United Fruit Company control, 6
• Jerez de Fortuny, Mar’a, 130
• JMBLUG. See Peurifoy, John E.
• Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 58, 59, 61, 63, 66
• Joyce, Robert P., 21, 22
• JULEP, 3
• Kennedy, Paul, 142
• King, Col. J. Caldwell:
  • Communist activities in Guatemala, 2, 94
  • Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 121, 128
  • Operation PBFORTUNE, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29
  • Operation PBSUCCESS:
    • Authorization for, 52, 54, 75
    • Chief of Station instructions, 55, 78, 94
    • Communications, 82, 95
    • Defection program, 118
    • Field case officer discussions, 46
    • Guatemalan accusations, 114
    • Honduran support, 112
    • Jurisdictional issues, 81
    • Nicaraguan support, 76
    • Security compromises, 101, 103, 108
    • State Department discussions, 72, 79, 113, 116
    • U.S. aid, 41
    • U.S.-Castillo Armas coordination, 107
    • U.S. military missions in Guatemala and, 77
    • U.S. personnel, 42, 44, 68, 72
  • Peurifoy briefing, 45
  • Psychological warfare, 80, 142
  • United Fruit Company anti-trust suit, 279
  • U.S.-Guatemalan relations:
    • Economic sanctions, 71, 72
    • Toriello statements, 49, 50
    • U.S. military missions in Guatemala, 69, 77
  • U.S. military aid to Central American countries, 37, 50, 51, 72
• KMFLUSH. See Nicaragua.
• K-Program. See Defection program under Operation PBSUCCESS; Guatemalan Army role in Operation PBSUCCESS.
• Krieg, William L., 79, 83, 86
• Kubes, 86
• KUGOWN. See Psychological warfare.
• Kyes, 56, 58, 66
• Labor movement, 163
  • CIA estimates, 6, 135
  • Communist activities and, 2, 6, 33, 130, 132
  • Defection program, 118
• Land reform program, 12, 27, 34, 35, 97, 111
  • Communist activities and, 130
  • United Fruit Company and, 39, 49, 50
• Langevin, Paul D. See Phillips, David Atlee.
• LCPANGS. See Costa Rica.
• Leddy, Raymond G.:
  • Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 172
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 42, 44, 77, 113
  • Toriello statements, 49, 50
  • U.S. military aid to Central American countries, 50, 56, 58, 59, 61
• LIONIZER, 80
• Lodge, Henry Cabot, 236
• Lugton, Stephen R., 82, 112
• Luna, Carlos A., 57
• Lynade, Pinckney E. See Bissell, Richard M.
• Magoffin, Francis D., 140, 144, 147
• Mallek, Franklin D., 223
• Mann, Thomas C., 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, 42, 44
• Mara, Col. Neil, 11, 14, 31
• Marmol, Miguel, 130
• Marroquin Rojas, Clemente, 133
• Martinez, Maj. Alfonso, 27, 111, 130
  • Soviet bloc arms purchases, 99, 102, 153
• Martinez Del Rosal, Gabriel, 285
• Martinez Reyes, Juan, 122
• Matthews, H. Freeman, 23
• Meany, George, 255
• Mendoza, Lt. Guillermo, 285
• Mendoza, Oscar, 4
• Mexico, 2, 29, 37, 182
• Military. See Guatemalan Army; Guatemalan Army role in Operation PBSUCCESS.
• Miller, Edward G., 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 32
• Montenegro Paniagua, Carlos, 224
• Montes, Col. Rivas, 32
• Montgomery, Joe, 279
• Monzón, Col. Elfego:
  • CIA estimates, 133
  • Operation PBFORTUNE, 4
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 79, 83, 86
    • Díaz/Sanchez/Monzón junta, 249, 250, 255, 256, 263
    • Monzón/Cruz/Dubois junta, 257, 258, 261, 263, 267
• Morales, Col. José Luis, 130
• Morazan, Francisco, 32
• Morgan, George A., 40
• Mullen, Maj. Gen. Charles, 115
• Murphy, Edmund, 236, 237
• Nash, 56
• National Intelligence Estimates:
  • NIE-62, “Present Political Situation in Guatemala and Possible Developments During 1952,” 6
  • NIE-70, “Conditions and Trends in Latin America Affecting US Security,” 34
  • NIE-84, “Probable Developments in Guatemala,” 37, 47, 51, 132, 133
• National Security Council (NSC):
  • NSC 144, “U.S. Policy With Respect to Latin America,” 36, 51
  • United Fruit Company anti-trust suit, 196
• Nicaragua (see also Somoza, Anastasio):
  • Communist activities, 130
  • Costa Rican relations with, 140
  • Duarte affair, 137
  • Guatemala invasion/revolt plans, 11, 14, 19, 32
  • Guatemalan post-operation political situation, 285
  • Operation PBFORTUNE:
    • Security compromises, 24, 27
    • Support for, 1, 7, 12, 17
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, support for, 32, 43, 46, 115, 271
    • Air support and, 209
    • Castillo Armas-Somoza meetings, 76
    • Covert communication, 105
    • Guatemalan international appeals and, 218
    • Psychological warfare and, 110
    • Security compromises, 92, 101, 103
    • Termination proposals and, 127
  • Operation WASHTUB (Soviet bloc arms discovery), 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 155
  • U.S. military aid to, 47, 50, 72, 180
    • General Plan of Action on, 51
    • JCS approval, 58, 59, 61, 63, 66
    • Negotiations, 56
    • Operation PBSUCCESS victory and, 276
    • Proposals, 41
    • State Department and, 37, 77
• Niederheitman, Col. Ernesto, 285
• Octubre, 2
• ODACID. See Embassy personnel roles under Operation PBSUCCESS; Peurifoy, John E.
• ODUNIT. See Air Force, U.S.
• Oliva, Col. Francisco, 4, 285
• Ontrich, Matthew H., 125, 126, 137, 248, 270
• Operation PBFORTUNE (see also Operation PBSUCCESS), 2, 12
  • Assassination plans, 5, 19
  • Background, 2, 4
  • Chronology, 22
  • CIA plans, 7, 8
  • CIA report, 20
  • Dominican Republic support, 1, 16, 17, 18
  • Honduran support, 7, 12
  • Nicaraguan support, 1, 7, 12, 16
  • Psychological warfare, 7, 14
  • Security compromises, 15, 24, 26
  • Simmons invasion/revolt plans and, 10
  • State Department and, 1, 21, 23, 24
  • Truman administration discussions, 1
  • U.S. aid, 12, 13, 14, 19
  • U.S. termination, 1, 19, 20, 23, 24, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30
• Operation PBHISTORY, 264, 283, 286
• Operation PBSUCCESS (see also Castillo Armas organization; Guatemalan Army role in Operation PBSUCCESS; Psychological warfare):
  • Air support, 206, 209, 216, 251, 256
    • Alternate leader role and, 193, 199, 200, 204, 208, 210, 213
    • Authorization, 215, 217, 219, 233
    • Government reactions and, 229
    • Guatemalan Army defection program and, 199, 200, 203, 204, 207, 208, 211, 219
    • Guatemalan Army reactions, 226
    • Operational review, 274
    • Peurifoy position, 208, 227, 232
    • Pilots, 212, 233
    • Results, 222, 225, 226
  • Alternate leader role, 185, 234, 243
    • Air support and, 193, 199, 200, 204, 208, 210, 213
    • Embassy statement proposal, 205
    • Guatemalan government demonstration and, 198, 199
    • Negotiations, 186
    • Page position, 177
    • Policy guidance, 185
    • Timing and, 197
  • Arbenz Guzman departure, 252
  • Assassination plans, 113, 119, 131, 151, 164, 166, 167
  • Authorization for, 40, 52, 54, 66, 75
  • British freighter attack, 252
  • Budget, 40, 51, 54, 64, 115, 287
  • Cadick field command, 201
  • Campesino role, 111, 192
  • Castillo Armas arrival, 262
  • Castillo Armas military action, 202
    • Government reactions, 229
    • Guatemalan Army response, 214, 216, 220, 241
    • Operational review, 274
    • Peurifoy position, 227
    • Psychological warfare and, 224, 245
    • Salvadoran reactions, 230
  • Castillo Armas military capabilities, 32, 38, 47, 51
  • Castillo Armas “moving” report, 195
  • Chief of Station instructions, 55, 78, 94
  • CIA responsibility assumption, 287
  • Closing, 278
  • Communications, 82, 84, 95, 135, 274
  • Contact reports, 135
  • Defection program (see also Alternate leader role above), 51, 111, 115, 116, 118, 129, 168
  • Directives summary, 63
  • Embassy personnel roles, 123, 124, 125, 126, 129, 135, 137, 168, 205
  • ERRATIC role, 117, 230, 235, 242
  • Field case officer discussions, 46
  • General Plan of Action, 51, 52, 54, 84
  • Guatemalan accusations, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 93, 114, 133
  • Guatemalan government demonstration and, 198, 199
  • Guatemalan internal support, 47, 46, 48, 77, 84
  • Guatemalan international appeals, 172, 218, 221, 236, 237
  • Honduran support, 106, 112, 115, 126, 127, 218
  • International society formation proposal, 52
  • Jurisdictional issues, 81
  • Leaflet drop proposals, 131, 137, 138, 160, 167, 170
  • Liberation committee proposal, 116
  • Meany letter, 254
  • Media reactions, 221, 245
  • Military planning, 61, 84, 133
  • Nicaraguan-Costa Rican relations and, 140
  • Nicaraguan support, 32, 43, 46, 115
    • Air support and, 209
    • Castillo Armas-Somoza meetings, 76
    • Covert communication, 105
    • Guatemalan international appeals and, 218
    • Psychological warfare and, 110
    • Security compromises, 92, 101, 103
    • Termination proposals and, 127
  • Operational review, 274
  • Operation PBHISTORY and, 264, 283, 286
  • Peurifoy reports, 131
  • Pre-D-Day action proposals, 131, 137, 151, 161, 176, 183
  • Program, 65, 66, 67, 68
  • Progress reports, 61, 133, 167, 175
  • Proposals, 41
  • Review briefing, 281
  • Salvadoran support, 115, 126
  • Security clearances, 72
  • Security compromises:
    • Castillo Armas military action and, 202
    • Guatemalan Army defection program and, 85, 173
    • Guatemalan White Paper and, 88, 89, 90, 91, 93, 93, 94
    • Seekford, 93, 93, 101, 108
    • SEMANTIC, 175, 176
    • Trinidad Oliva arrest, 98
    • U.S.-Castillo Armas communications, 7, 107, 109
  • State Department discussions, 42, 44, 72, 77, 79, 113, 115, 116, 170, 172
  • Termination proposals, 127, 133
  • Timing, 47, 46, 51, 110, 190, 197, 274
  • United Fruit Company and, 97, 163, 178, 240, 245, 248
  • U.S.-Castillo Armas communications, 84, 88, 106, 107, 109, 135
  • U.S. civilian evacuation, 228, 239
  • U.S. exposure concerns, 113, 115, 133, 160
  • U.S. good offices request, 250, 249
  • U.S. military missions and, 77, 135, 139
  • U.S. personnel, 42, 44, 51, 61, 65, 66, 67, 68, 72
  • Victory congratulations, 238, 265, 266
  • Ydigoras Fuentes role, 104
• Operations Coordinating Board (OCB), 58, 59, 61
• Operation WASHTUB, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 155
• Ordonez Paniagua, Ramiro, 2
• Ordway. See Cabell, Gen. Charles P.
• Oreliano Cardona, Manuel, 98
• Orellana, Manuel, 285
• Organization of American States (OAS):
  • Caracas conference, 87, 109, 113, 115
  • Ecuadorian position, 172
  • Guatemalan appeals, 218, 221, 237
  • Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchase discussions, 170
  • Guatemalan White Paper and, 89
  • Sanctions proposals, 133, 172
  • U.S. conference threats, 51
  • U.S. military aid to Central American countries and, 37
• Organized labor. See Labor movement.
• Osorio, Oscar (see also El Salvador), 126, 230
• Otilio Hasbun, Manuel, 130
• Page, Graham L., 129, 165, 168, 173
  • Defection program overview, 118
  • Departure, 177, 179
  • Return, 188, 191, 194
• Paiz, Julio Federico, 62
• Paiz Herrara, Federico. See Paiz, Julio Federico.
• Panama, 31
• PANCHO. See Castillo Armas, Carlos.
• Parinello de Leon, Col. Enrique, 133
• Paz Tejada, Col. Carlos, 2, 4, 27, 130
• PBFORTUNE. See Operation PBFORTUNE.
• PBSUCCESS. See Operation PBSUCCESS.
• Pedro, Don, 104
• Pellecer, Carlos Manuel, 130, 131
• Pereira, Francisco, 130
• Pérez, Col. Manuel de Jesæs, 285
• Peurifoy, John E.:
  • Appointment, 44
  • Briefing, 45
  • Guatemalan political situation, 131
  • Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 150, 152, 158, 162
  • Operation PBSUCCESS:
    • Air support, 208, 227, 232
    • Castillo Armas military action, 220
    • Defection program, 118, 129, 168, 208, 220
    • Good offices request, 250, 249
    • Leaflet drop proposals, 131, 137
    • Media reactions, 221
    • Role in, 129, 137, 266
    • State Department discussions, 79
    • U.S. civilian evacuation, 228
    • U.S. military missions in Guatemala and, 139
    • Victory congratulations, 266
• Political situation in Guatemala, 275, 284
  • Castillo Armas role, 270
  • Díaz meeting, 244, 250
  • Díaz/Sanchez/Monzón junta, 256, 256, 263
  • Monzón/Cruz/Dubois junta, 257, 263
• Pivall, Vincent C., 103, 274
• Playdon, William. See Barnes, Tracy.
• Ponce, Gen. Federico, 6
• Prios Socorates, Carlos, 32
• Propaganda. See Psychological warfare.
• Psychological warfare (PW):
  • Cabot speech (Oct. 1953) and, 61, 63
  • Castillo Armas military action and, 224, 245
  • Castillo Armas organization and, 51, 61
  • Catholic Church and, 32, 100, 136
  • Díaz/Sanchez/Monzón junta and, 247
  • Directives summary, 63
  • Guatemalan Army defection program and, 141, 181
  • Guatemalan imperialism accusations and, 169, 171, 172
  • Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases and, 99, 102, 121
  • Guatemalan suppression, 142
  • Guatemalan White Paper and, 89
  • Intra-program conflicts, 80
  • Operational review, 274
  • Operation PBFORTUNE, 7, 14
  • Operation PBSUCCESS assets, 133
  • Operation PBSUCCESS overview, 32, 51
  • Operation WASHTUB and, 155
  • Policy guidance, 181
  • Progress reports, 61, 110
  • SHERWOOD program, 110, 115, 135, 171
  • Toriello statements and, 49
  • U.S.-Castillo Armas communications, 88, 109
  • USIA circular telegrams, 236, 237
  • USIA report, 280
• Putzeys, Guillermo, 57
• PW. See Psychological warfare.
• Raine, Philip, 237
• Ramírez, Gen., 32
• Ramírez, Arturo, 2
• Ramírez, Miguel Angel, 89
• Razmara, Eliot P., 61
• Restrepo, Julio. See Castillo Armas, Carlos.
• Revolution of 1944, 6
• Ríos, Adan Manrique, 285
• Rivas Montes, Jorge, 89, 122
• Robertson, William, 115
• Robleto, Hernan, 122
• Rogers, Penny, 93
• Roosevelt, Eleanor, 172
• Roosevelt, Kermit, 54, 137, 139
• Rossell y Arellano Monsenor Mariano, 100
• RUFUS. See Castillo Armas, Carlos.
• SAFFRON-1, 126
• Saillant, Louis, 2
• Salama incident (1953), 1, 10, 41, 51
• Salazar, Carlos, 285
• Salazar Liquens, Enrique, 285
• Sánchez, 135
• Sánchez, N., 115
• Sánchez Barillas, Lt. Col. José Angel, 175
  • Alternate leader role and, 193
  • CIA estimates, 133
  • Díaz/Sánchez/Monzón junta, 256, 249, 250, 255, 263
  • Junta plans (1952), 4
  • Soviet bloc arms purchases, 150, 153
• Sancho (pseudonym), 118
• Sandoval, Mario, 284, 285
• Saqueda, Raæl, 103
• Sauer, Adm., 20, 23
• Schoenfeld, Rudolf E., 34, 39, 60
• Secaira, 148
• SECANT, 89, 93, 183
• Seekford, Jacob R., 18, 29, 76
  • Psychological warfare, 80
  • Security compromises, 93, 93, 101, 108
• SEMANTIC, 173, 175, 176
• SEQUIN, 92
• Serrano, Adan, 285
• Sevilla Sacassa, Guillermo, 19
• Shannon, 44, 68
• SHERWOOD, 110, 115, 135, 171
• Sierra, Capt. Raæl, 92, 93
• Simmons, Carlos, 1, 7
• SKILLET. See Willauer, Whiting.
• SMILAX, 165, 175
• Smith, 51
• Smith, Gen., 9, 42, 44, 49, 70
• Smith, Col. Brad, 74
• Smith, Gen. Walter Bedell, 72
• SOCCER, 129
• Somoza, Anastasio (see also Nicaragua):
  • Conspiracy against, 122
  • Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchase and, 102
  • Operation PBFORTUNE, 1, 7, 12, 16, 17, 24, 27
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 32, 43, 76, 127
  • Security compromises, 92, 101, 103
  • Operation WASHTUB, 143, 144, 145, 146
  • Truman administration discussions, 1, 11
• Somoza, Col. Tachito, 16, 24, 26, 75, 92
• Sosa, Carlos, 285
• Soviet bloc (see also Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases), 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 155
• Soviet Union, 33, 236, 237
• Spalding, 22
• STANDEL. See Arbenz Guzman, Jacobo.
• STANDEL-1, 193, 244, 246, 249, 250, 260, 263
• Starke. See Smith, Gen. Walter Bedell.
• State Department:
  • Castillo Armas “moving” report, 195
  • Communist activities in Guatemala, 132
  • Dulles statement (June 15, 1954), 187
  • Guatemalan imperialism accusations and, 231, 232
  • Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 121, 153, 170
    • United Fruit Company claims and, 169, 171, 172
  • Operation PBFORTUNE, 1, 21, 23, 24
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 272, 273
    • CIA discussions, 42, 44, 72, 77, 79, 113, 115, 116, 170, 172
    • Termination proposals, 127
  • Toriello statements and, 49, 50
  • U.S. military aid to Central American countries, 37, 50, 56, 58, 59, 61, 78
• Streibert, Theodore, 236, 237
• Suarez Rivas, Guillermo, 122
• SUMAC, 227, 229, 244
• SUMAC-2. See Sánchez Barillas, Lt. Col. José Angel.
• SWALLOW, 168, 173, 175, 194, 210, 251
• Taracena, Eduardo, 284
• Tercero Lacayo, José Maria, 122
• Tofte, Hans V., 20, 49, 50
  • Operation PBSUCCESS, 47, 46, 52, 54, 64, 74
• Toledano, Vicente Lombardo, 2
• Toriello, Guillermo:
  • Acheson meeting, 32
  • Critical statements by, 49, 50
  • As defection target, 116
  • Eisenhower meeting, 77
  • Guatemalan-Salvadoran relations, 184
  • Intervention accusations, 114
  • Peurifoy reports, 131
  • Soviet bloc arms purchases, 169
  • U.S. civilian evacuation, 228
• Toriello, Jorge, 172
• Torres Rivas, Edelberto, 130
• Trinidad Oliva, Maj. Enrique, 98
• Trujillo Molina, Gen. Rafael Leonidas (see also Dominican Republic), 16, 17, 32, 285
• Truman, Harry S, 11, 14, 19, 31, 127
• Ubico, Jorge, 6, 251
• UFCO. See United Fruit Company.
• United Fruit Company, 1, 27, 97, 163
  • Anti-trust suit, 196, 279
  • Communist activities in Guatemala and, 2, 7
  • Guatemalan imperialism accusations and, 231
  • Land reform program and, 35, 39, 49, 50
  • Operation PBSUCCESS and, 178, 240, 245, 248
  • State Department support, 169, 171, 172
  • Support for Castillo Armas, 57
• United Nations (UN):
  • Guatemalan appeals, 172, 218, 221, 236
  • Operation PBFORTUNE and, 19
• Urrutia de Leon, Col. Luis, 285
• Uruguay, 37
• U.S.-Guatemalan relations:
  • Cabot speech (Oct. 1953), 61, 63
  • Economic sanctions, 66, 113
    • Business leader roles, 52, 61
    • Cabot role, 72, 73
    • Directives summary, 63
    • Monzón interview and, 83
    • OAS meeting proposals, 133, 172
    • Oil supply, 51, 71, 170, 187, 189
    • Peurifoy report, 131
    • Proposals, 36, 51
    • Senate bill proposal, 189
  • Toriello-Acheson meeting, 32
  • Toriello statements, 49, 50
  • U.S. aid, 51, 163
  • U.S. military missions, 69, 70, 74, 77, 135, 139, 159
  • U.S. official pressure, 36, 51, 61, 131, 187
• U.S. Information Agency (USIA), 236, 237, 280
• Venezuela, 17, 31
• Vilanova de Arbenz, Maria Cristina, 27
• Vizcaino, Roberto, 142
• Wardlaw, Andrew B., 79, 83, 86
• Watts, Eric W., 137
• Welch, 31
• Wellbank, Clayton S., 268
• Whelan, 17, 31, 56, 77, 261
• Whiting, Harold S. See Wisner, Frank.
• Wieland, 170
• Willauer, Whiting, 53, 123, 124, 125, 126, 135, 137, 152, 261
• Wisner, Frank G.:
  • Communist activities in Guatemala, 2, 133
  • Guatemalan Friendship Society, 182
  • Guatemalan Soviet bloc arms purchases, 121, 152, 158, 170
  • Honduras, U.S. relations with, 53, 120, 124
  • Operation PBFORTUNE, 12, 20, 23, 29
  • Operation PBSUCCESS:
    • Air support, 206, 211, 213, 215, 217, 219
    • Authorization for, 40, 52, 54, 75
    • Campesino role, 192
    • Castillo Armas military action, 220
    • Contact reports, 135
    • Defection program, 118, 168, 191, 220
    • Embassy personnel roles, 123, 124, 125
    • Leaflet drop proposals, 138, 160, 170
    • Media reactions, 221
    • Peurifoy-Arbenz Guzman meeting, 250
    • Program, 67
    • Progress reports, 133
    • Security compromises, 103
    • State Department discussions, 113, 116, 170
    • Termination proposals, 127
    • Timing, 190
    • U.S. civilian evacuation, 228, 239
    • U.S. personnel, 44
    • Victory congratulations, 238, 265, 266
  • Peurifoy briefing, 45
  • Psychological warfare, 63, 142, 224, 245
  • United Fruit Company anti-trust suit, 279
  • U.S.-Guatemalan relations, 49, 53, 187
  • U.S. military aid to Nicaragua, 180
  • U.S. military missions in Guatemala, 69, 70, 135, 139
• Woolson, Peter, 62
• WSHOOFS. See Honduras.
• Ydígoras Fuentes, Gen. Miguel, 2, 57, 89, 104, 106, 223
• ZPSECANT, 284
• ZPSEMANTIC, 284, 285