Index
-
- Aaron, David
- Abdul-Rauf, Muhammed, 68
- Abshire, David, 47, 48
- Aczel, Gyorgy, 146
- Administration transition period (1980–81), 80, 175, 176
- Aggrey, O. Rudolph
- Romania
- Arab-Israeli conflict, 287
- Blumenthal Romania visit, 211
- Carter-Ceausescu correspondence, 186
- Ceausescu visit (1978), 189, 200, 204
- Credentials presentation, 188
- Foreign policy, 203
- Horodinca defection case, 222
- Iran hostage crisis and, 219
- Mondale-Burtica meetings, 226
- Pacepa defection case, 207
- Polish crisis (1980) and, 233
- Political situation, 213
- Rauta case, 195, 204
- Ridgway-Andrei meetings, 229
- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 221
- Soviet relations with, 212
- World Bank/IMF loans, 234
- Romania
- Albania, 30, 88
- Albright, Madeleine, 78, 115, 263, 297
- Albright, Raymond, 254
- Aleksandrov-Agentov, Andrei M., 282
- Alekseyeva, Lyudmila, 8
- Allworth, Edward, 68
- Amalrik, Andrey, 3, 8
- American Jewish Committee, 215, 217
- American Jewish community, 214, 215, 216, 217
- Amnesty International, 121, 234
- Anderson, David, 99, 147, 247
- Anderson, Jack, 69
- Andrei, Stefan
- Arab-Israeli conflict, 187, 221, 229
- Blumenthal visit, 211
- Brzezinski meetings, 206, 208
- Ceausescu U.S. visit (1978), 194, 200, 201, 204
- Export controls, 218
- Foreign policy, 203
- Iran hostage crisis, 219, 229
- Most Favored Nation status, 185
- Norfolk port access, 218
- Pacepa defection case, 27, 207, 209
- Polish crisis (1980), 233
- Political situation, 194, 213
- Ridgway meetings, 229
- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 221, 229
- U.S. international broadcasting program, 58
- Vance meetings, 201, 202, 209, 218
- Vance visit proposals (1979), 219
- Warsaw Pact PCC meeting, 211
- World Bank/IMF loans, 234
- Andrews, Nicholas G.
- Anghel, Petre, 184
- Apro, Antal, 36
- Arab-Israeli conflict (see also Romania and Arab-Israeli conflict)
- Armitage, Jack, 136, 141, 179
- Arms control. See Strategic Arms Limitation (SALT) talks; UN Special Session on Disarmament.
- Atherton, Alfred L. “Roy,” 188
- Atkinson, Richard C., 13
- Austria, 105
- Avram, Ion, 200, 204
- Axen, Hermann, 125
-
- Babalau, Constantin, 213
- Babiuch, Edward, 38
- Bahro, Rudolf, 26, 133
- Bakaric, Vladimir, 269, 273, 288
- Banlaki, Gyorgy, 166
- Barnes, Harry G., Jr., 179, 185
- Barraclough, William, 164
- Barry, Robert
- Bartholomew, Reginald
- Bass, Kenneth, 70
- Battle Act (Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act), 230
- Bednar, Jiri, 106
- Begin, Menachem, 183, 184
- Beil, Gerhard, 122, 124
- Belovski, Dimce, 236, 238, 244, 251, 254, 258
- Bennigsen, Alexandre, 68
- Benson, Lucy Wilson, 266, 267, 271, 272
- Bergland, Robert, 202, 205
- Bergold, Harry E., Jr., 44, 174, 175, 176
- Bergsten, C. Fred, 6
- Berlin, 1, 124, 130, 131
- Berlinguer, Enrico, 243
- Bernard, Noel, 58
- Bernardic, Dragan, 244, 254
- Besteliu, Ion, 214, 216
- Biden, Joseph R., Jr., 158, 159
- Biermann, Wolf, 5, 26, 121, 133
- Biester, Edward, 47
- Bilak, Vasil, 108
- Binder, David, 72, 77
- Bingham, Jonathan B., 136, 158
- Blackwill, Robert D., 93, 282
- Blech, Klaus, 55
- Bloomfield, Lincoln, 37
- Blumenthal, W. Michael, 1, 13, 16, 202, 210, 211, 249
- B’nai B’rith International, 214, 215
- Board for International Broadcasting (BIB). See U.S. international broadcasting program.
- Bobtodorova, Elena, 93
- Bobu, Emil, 213
- Bogatyrev, Konstantin, 8
- Bogdan, Corneliu, 210, 215, 216, 217, 232, 233, 234
- Bolen, David B., 118, 123, 125, 127, 130, 131
- Bolger, William F., 129
- Boorstin, Daniel, 82
- Borg, C. Arthur, 4
- Bowdler, William G., 17
- Bowie, Robert R., 6, 14, 19, 22
- Bowman, Maj. Gen. Richard C., 258, 261, 275, 278, 285
- Bradtke, Robert, 215, 232, 234
- Brandt, Willy, 120
- Brement, Marshall
- Bremer, L. Paul, III, 218, 281
- Brezhnev, Leonid
- Bridges, Peter, 41, 173, 176, 232, 233, 234
- Brody, Clifford, 196, 202
- Brown, Gen. George S., 1, 13, 14, 16, 228, 241
- Brown, Rear Adm. Taylor, 261
- Brown, Harold
- Browne, Monroe, 80
- Brumberg, Abe, 17
- Brzezinski, Zbigniew K.
- Bulgaria, 93, 94
- Czechoslovakia, 103, 109, 111, 115
- Dissident movements, 3, 5, 19, 37
- Eastern European political situations, 9, 35
- Export controls, 12
- German Democratic Republic, 128, 132, 134
- Helsinki Accords implementation, 10
- Hungary
- Jackson-Vanik Amendment waivers extension, 165
- Polish crisis (1980), 42
- Romania
- Andrei meetings, 206, 208
- Blumenthal visit, 210
- Carter-Ceausescu correspondence, 186
- Carter-Macovescu meetings, 187
- Carter-Pungan meetings, 177
- Ceausescu visit (1978), 181, 197, 199, 200, 201, 202, 203, 204
- Horodinca defection case, 222
- Most Favored Nation status, 180
- Pacepa defection case, 207
- Political situation, 193
- Rauta case, 195, 202
- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 220
- U.S. military sales proposals, 223, 224, 228
- U.S. relief aid, 181
- Soviet propaganda broadcasting, 65, 66
- U.S. covert publications program
- U.S. international broadcasting program, 45, 46,
48
- Administration transition period (1980-81), 80
- Board for International Broadcasting tensions, 62
- Budget cuts, 57, 59, 60
- Cherne memoranda, 76
- Christopher memoranda, 53
- Gronouski BIB chair appointment, 47
- Holtzman investigation, 69
- Intelligence Information Special Reports, 58
- Muslim audiences, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78
- Persian-language broadcasting, 61
- Soviet jamming, 79
- Special Coordination Committee discussions, 70
- U.S.-Federal Republic of Germany discussions, 52, 54
- Voice of America expansion proposals, 63, 64
- U.S. policy toward Eastern Europe
- U.S. refugee assistance, 31, 33
- U.S.-Soviet relations, 21, 22, 39, 238
- Yugoslavia
- Belovski meetings, 238
- Carter-Kardelj meetings, 243, 244
- Carter-Tito correspondence, 239
- Carter visit (1980), 294, 295, 296
- Intelligence cooperation, 259
- Military cooperation, 270, 291
- Military transfers to Ethiopia, 237, 238, 242
- Overflight issues, 251
- Post-Tito contingency planning, 251, 274, 275, 276, 278, 280, 284
- Science/technology cooperation, 251
- Tito condolences, 289
- Tito funeral delegation, 279, 280, 282
- Tito U.S. visit (1978), 251, 252
- U.S. economic aid, 263, 265, 292
- U.S. economic cooperation with, 248
- U.S. military sales, 242, 243
- U.S. nuclear exports, 247, 251
- Buell, Bill, 62
- Bukovskiy, Vladimir, 3, 8, 37
- Bulgaria
- Albanian relations with, 88
- Dissident movements, 5, 86
- Economic situation, 95
- Emigr, assassinations, 86, 87, 88
- Family reunification cases, 83, 85, 88, 89, 93, 94
- Foreign policy, 30, 95
- Most Favored Nation status
- Political situation, 81, 95
- Soviet relations with, 88, 90, 94, 95
- U.S. international broadcasting program, 49, 67
- U.S. relations with
- Bonds claims, 11, 92, 94
- Brement/Larrabee-Gotsev meetings, 93
- Cultural agreement, 82, 83
- Fishing quotas, 91
- Garthoff-Gotsev discussions, 91
- Garthoff memoranda, 94
- Herz memoranda, 85
- Iran hostage crisis and, 36
- Perry memoranda, 95
- Polish crisis (1980) and, 44
- Presidential Directives, 83
- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 36
- State Department papers, 11
- Tsvetkov U.S. visit (1977), 88, 89
- U.S. differentiated policy structure and, 16, 83, 91, 94
- Vance-Mladenov meeting proposals, 84, 87
- Vance-Zhivkova meetings, 92
- Zhivkova U.S. visit (1977), 82
- Yugoslav relations with, 88, 246
- Bureau of Intelligence and Research reports
- Burg, Steven, 68
- Burtica, Cornel, 211, 222, 226
- Byrne, Malcolm, 42
- Byrne, Thomas R., 96, 99, 100, 101, 102, 105, 106
-
- Caddell, Pat, 153
- Carlucci, Frank C., 70, 193, 278
- Carrillo, Santiago, 243
- Carter, Hodding, III, 112
- Carter, Jimmy
- Brezhnev correspondence, 42
- Bulgaria, 82
- Czechoslovakia, 98, 100
- Dissident movements, 5, 37
- Documents not declassified, 24
- Eastern European political situations, 9
- German Democratic Republic, 52, 134
- Hungary
- Iran hostage crisis
- Polish crisis (1980), 38, 42, 299
- Romania
- Ceausescu correspondence, 177, 186, 221, 226, 229
- Ceausescu visit (1978), 197, 198, 199, 200, 203, 204
- Horodinca defection case, 222
- Human rights, 195, 199, 202, 203
- Macovescu meetings, 187
- Most Favored Nation status, 180, 203
- Pungan meetings, 177
- Rauta case, 195
- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 220
- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 36, 219, 220, 221, 295, 298
- Soviet propaganda broadcasting, 65
- U.S. covert publications program, 2
- U.S. differentiated policy structure, 15, 16
- U.S. foreign trade
- U.S. human rights policy, 5, 100, 173
- U.S. international broadcasting program
- U.S. policy review, 1
- U.S. refugee assistance, 31, 33
- U.S.-Soviet relations, 36, 118, 238, 239
- Yugoslavia
- Kardelj meetings, 243, 244
- Mijatovic correspondence, 298
- Military cooperation, 291
- Military transfers to Ethiopia, 237, 242
- Mondale-Markovic meetings, 256
- Mondale visit (1977), 235
- Post-Tito contingency planning, 269, 274, 275, 288
- Science/technology cooperation, 251
- Tito condolences, 288, 289
- Tito correspondence, 236, 239, 243, 251, 290
- Tito funeral delegation, 279, 280
- Tito U.S. visit (1978), 251, 252, 253, 255
- U.S. economic aid, 294, 295, 296, 298
- U.S. military sales, 242, 244, 246, 262, 266
- Visit (1980), 229, 291, 294, 295, 296
- Carter, Rosalynn, 82
- Carter-Ford debates (1976), 18
- Casey, Mary Ann, 101
- Ceausescu, Elena, 182, 225
- Ceausescu, Nicolae (see also Romania)
- Arab-Israeli conflict, 183, 184, 200, 203, 221, 226
- Begin visit (1977), 183, 184
- Blumenthal visit, 211
- Carter correspondence, 177, 186, 221, 226, 229
- Dissident movement and, 5, 26
- Dissident repression, 179
- Earthquake (1977), 182
- Foreign policy, 30, 210, 225
- Horodinca defection case, 222
- Mondale meetings, 227
- Most Favored Nation status, 203
- Pacepa defection case, 207
- Political situation, 178, 182, 194, 213, 232
- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, 219, 220, 221, 227, 229
- U.S. international broadcasting program, 58
- U.S. visit (1978). See under Romania, U.S. relations with.
- Cemalovic, Col. Gen. Enver, 245
- Cemovic, Momcilo, 249
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (see also
U.S. covert publications program)
- Czechoslovakia, 108
- Dissident repression, 126
- Eastern European political situations, 35
- German Democratic Republic, 126
- Memoranda
- PA M 79-10210, “East Germany The Chilly Winds of Spring,” 126
- PA M 80-10166, “Romania A Situation Report,” 225
- PA M 80-10385C, “Likely Consequences in Eastern Europe of the Polish Events,” 40
- RP-78-10293, “Dissidence in Eastern Europe,” 26
- RP M 78-10144, “Ceausescu’s Romania a Situation Report,” 194
- Polish crisis (1980), 40, 42
- Romania, 194, 225
- Soviet propaganda broadcasting, 65
- U.S. covert dissident support programs, 3, 8, 19, 26, 37
- Yugoslavia, 8, 269, 274
- Charter 77 movement (Czechoslovakia)
- Bureau of Intelligence and Research reports, 110
- Byrne memoranda, 96, 105, 106
- Christopher memoranda, 107
- CIA papers, 8, 26
- Intelligence Memoranda, 5
- Prague Spring anniversary and, 105
- State Department papers, 30
- Trials (Oct. 1977), 100, 110
- U.S.-Czech discussions, 99
- Vance memoranda, 100
- Vest memoranda, 101
- Cherne, Leo, 76, 78, 80
- Chernyayev, Rudilf, 37
- China, People’s Republic of
- Chnoupek, Bohuslav, 97, 99, 101
- Chramostova, Vlasta, 105, 106
- Christopher, Warren M.
- Bulgaria, 82, 83, 88
- Czechoslovakia, 99, 107, 112, 113
- German Democratic Republic, 120, 125, 130
- Hungary, 149
- Polish crisis (1980), 41
- Romania
- Carter-Ceausescu correspondence, 177
- Ceausescu visit (1978), 189, 196, 199
- Dissident repression, 179
- Export controls, 218
- Human rights, 179, 196, 199
- Most Favored Nation status, 215, 217
- Norfolk port access, 218, 226
- Pacepa defection case, 205, 207
- Rauta case, 195
- U.S. military sales proposals, 228, 230
- World Bank/IMF loans, 234
- U.S. differentiated policy structure, 10, 14
- U.S. international broadcasting program, 53
- Yugoslavia, 237, 243, 244, 251, 265, 288
- Church, Frank, 237
- Claytor, W. Graham, Jr., 70
- Cleland, Maj. Gen. John R. D., 261
- Clift, A. Denis, 93, 188, 226, 236, 290
- Clough, Susan, 195
- Cocirla, Trandafir, 213
- Colotka, Peter, 108
- Committee for the Defense of the Unjustly Prosecuted (VONS) (Czechoslovakia), 110
- Committee of the Whole, 201, 252
- Committee of Workers’ Defense (KOR) (Poland), 105, 106, 110
- Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC), 236
- Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) (see also Helsinki Accords; Helsinki Accords implementation)
- Congress, U.S.
- Cook, Paul K., 121
- Cooper, Richard N., 36, 122, 295, 296
- Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (COCOM), 39
- Corvalan, Luis, 8
- Council of Jewish Federations and Welfare Fund, 215
- Crane, Philip M., 136
- Critchlow, James, 70
- Cutter, W. Bowman, 6
- Czechoslovakia
- Dissident movements, 3, 5, 11, 105, 106
- Dissident repression
- Bureau of Intelligence and Research reports, 110
- Byrne memoranda, 96, 106
- Christopher memoranda, 107, 112
- CIA papers, 8, 26
- Intelligence Assessments, 108
- Larrabee memoranda, 111
- State Department papers, 30
- Tarnoff memoranda, 109
- Trials (Oct. 1977), 100, 101, 110
- Trials (Oct. 1979), 111, 112
- U.S.-Czech discussions, 99
- Economic situation, 108, 116
- Foreign policy, 30, 116
- Most Favored Nation status, 11, 116
- Political situation, 5, 105, 108, 116
- Prague Spring (1968), 26, 105, 108, 182, 260
- Soviet relations with, 108, 116
- U.S. covert publications program, 28
- U.S. international broadcasting program, 49, 116
- U.S. relations with
- Bilateral Air Transport Agreement, 96
- Gold/claims issue
- Byrne-Long discussions, 102
- Byrne memoranda, 96
- Christopher memoranda, 113
- King memoranda, 103
- Larrabee memoranda, 27, 115
- Morton memoranda, 116
- Nimetz-Johanes discussions, 104
- Nimetz memoranda, 97
- Polish crisis (1980) and, 44
- Tarnoff memoranda, 109
- U.S.-Czech discussions, 99
- Vance memoranda, 98
- Vest memoranda, 101, 114
- Iran hostage crisis and, 36
- Journalist treatment, 11, 99, 101, 105
- Morton memoranda, 116
- Nimetz-Johanes meetings, 104
- Polish crisis (1980) and, 44
- Scientific/cultural exchanges, 96, 101, 116
- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 36
- U.S. differentiated policy structure and, 16
-
- Danescu, Alexandru, 58
- Daniel, Yuli, 26
- Davis, Dick, 66
- Deal, Timothy, 169
- Denend, Leslie G., 261
- Derian, Patricia M.
- Derwinski, Edward J., 136, 214
- Dinu, Adm. Stefan, 230, 231
- Disarmament. See Strategic Arms Limitation (SALT) talks; UN Special Session on Disarmament.
- Dissident movements (see also Human rights; specific countries)
- Djilas, Milovan, 5, 283
- Djuranovic, Veselin, 256, 295, 296
- Documents not declassified, 24
- Dodson, Christine, 75, 128, 287
- Doherty, Ed, 155
- Doicaru, Nicolae, 58
- Dolanc, Stane, 273, 283, 294
- Dole, Robert, 10, 136
- Donovan, Hedley, 39
- Doronski, Stevan, 236, 283, 288, 294, 296
- Draper, Morris, 70, 190
- Dubcek, Alexander, 108
- Duffey, Joseph D., 82
- Duncan, Charles W., Jr., 6, 241
- Dunlop, Harry, 261
- Dyulgerov, Petur, 81
- Dzhemilev, Mustafa, 8
-
- Eagleburger, Lawrence S.
- Yugoslavia
- Carter-Kardelj meetings, 244
- Carter visit (1980), 294, 295, 296
- Harriman-Tito meetings, 256
- Intelligence cooperation, 259, 260
- Markotic case, 299
- Military cooperation, 261
- Military transfers to Ethiopia, 237
- Mondale-Kolisevski meetings, 290
- Political situation, 301
- Post-Tito contingency planning, 274, 277, 283, 288
- Tito funeral delegation, 280, 281
- Tito U.S. visit (1978), 249, 250, 251, 254
- U.S. economic aid, 264, 265, 292, 294
- U.S. economic cooperation with, 248
- U.S. military sales, 272, 286, 300
- U.S. trade with, 271
- Yugoslavia
- East Germany. See German Democratic Republic.
- East-West Planning Group, 22
- East-West relations. See U.S.-Soviet relations.
- Eastern European economic situations (see also specific countries), 11, 30, 35, 40, 43
- Eastern European foreign policies (see also specific countries), 30, 36
- Eastern European political situations (see also specific countries), 5, 9, 35
- Edminster, David K., 125, 129
- Egypt, 78
- Eilberg, Joshua, 195
- Elm, Joachim, 127
- Emergency Refugee and Migration Assistance Fund, 31
- Emigration (see also Emigration policy and Family reunification cases under specific countries; Jackson-Vanik Amendment), 5, 26, 31, 33
- Enger, Valdik, 37
- English, Glenn, 123
- Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD), 117
- Ermarth, Fritz, 61, 75, 246
- Esposito, John, 68
- Esztergalyos, Ferenc, 147, 166, 171, 173
- Ethiopia. See Horn of Africa.
- Eurocommunism, 5, 26, 30, 243, 252
- European Community (EC), 36
- Export-Import Bank, 22, 249, 252, 254, 271, 292
- Eagleburger, Lawrence S.
-
- Fair Trade Act, 196
- Fascell, Dante, 47
- Feaver, Douglas, 235
- Fenwick, Millicent, 158
- Ferencz, Benjamin, 127
- Ferguson, Glenn, 57, 59, 62, 69
- Feshbach, Murray, 68
- Findley, Paul, 214
- Fischer, Oskar, 117, 118, 119, 122, 123
- Fish, Lt. Gen. Howard M., 245
- Fojtik, Jan, 106
- Ford, Gerald R., 18, 85, 197
- Foreign Relations Authorization Act (1977), 45
- France, 38, 132
- Freedom House, 80
- Frelinghuysen, Peter H. B., 48
- Frenzel, William E., 136, 142, 158, 163, 195
- Fried, Edward, 88
- Fromowitz, 192
- Frosch, Robert A., 13
- Funk, Gerald, 61
-
- Gabaj, Col. Vladimir, 261
- Garthoff, Raymond L., 84, 87, 88, 91, 92, 94
- Gates, Robert, 207, 266, 268
- Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 36, 120
- Georgescu, Emil, 58, 179
- Georgescu, Vlad, 208
- German Democratic Republic (GDR)
- Dissident movements, 5, 8, 11, 26, 121, 126, 131, 133
- Economic situation, 26, 126
- Emigration issues, 5, 30, 125, 131
- Family reunification cases, 122, 127
- Foreign policy, 30
- German Federal Republic relations with, 133, 135
- Human rights, 30, 121, 123, 126, 127, 131, 133
- Narcotics trafficking, 123
- Polish crisis (1980) and, 44, 135
- Political situation, 5, 9, 27, 121, 133, 135
- U.S. relations with
- Christopher-Bolen discussions, 125
- Claims settlement, 11, 117, 118, 123
- Consular convention
- Bolen-Honecker discussions, 118
- Brzezinski memoranda, 134
- Christopher-Bolen discussions, 125
- Christopher memoranda, 120, 130
- Derian-Nier discussions, 123
- Goodby-Nier discussions, 127, 129
- Larrabee memoranda, 132
- Polansky-Fischer discussions, 117
- State Department papers, 11
- Vance-Fischer discussions, 119, 122
- Derian visit (1978), 123
- GDR Interagency Group discussions, 124
- Human rights and, 123, 127, 131
- Humanitarian cases, 11, 117, 118
- Iran hostage crisis and, 36
- Jewish claims, 11, 118, 127
- Journalist treatment, 117, 127, 131, 133
- Larrabee reception attendance, 128
- Polish crisis (1980) and, 44
- Political consultations, 117
- Scientific/cultural exchanges, 36, 118, 123, 129
- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 36
- State Department papers, 11
- Treverton memoranda, 10
- U.S. differentiated policy structure and, 4, 16
- Vance-Fischer meetings, 118, 119, 122
- U.S. trade with, 118, 122, 124, 125, 129
- Germany, Federal Republic of (FRG)
- Getler, Michael, 96
- Ghibernea, Marcel, 218
- Giddens, Ken, 47, 61
- Gierek, Edward, 5, 9, 26, 38, 106
- Gilmore, Harry J., 41, 88, 92, 94, 100, 111
- Ginzburg, Aleksandr, 8, 37
- Ginzburg, Vitaly L., 256
- Giscard-d’Estaing, Valéry, 38
- Glenn, James H., 88, 100, 101, 102, 104, 107, 109
- Gliga, Vasile, 88, 185, 196
- Glitman, Maynard W., 6
- Goldberg, Arthur J., 37, 199
- Goma, Paul, 5, 26, 177, 179, 182, 188, 189
- Gombos, Zoltan, 136
- Gomulka, Wladyslaw, 26
- Goodby, James E., 120, 124, 127, 129, 131
- Goritza, Ion, 218
- Gorman, John, 153
- Gotsev, Lyuben, 85, 87, 88, 91, 93
- Graham, Billy, 26, 146
- Gravel, Mike, 98
- Graves, Lt. Gen. Ernest, 258, 280, 285
- Gray, Victor, 120, 122, 124, 129
- Great Britain. See United Kingdom.
- Greece, 258
- Greenwald, Jonathan, 124, 127, 131
- Griffin, Robert P., 158
- Griffith, William, 37, 47, 75, 93
- Grigorov, Konstantin, 88, 89, 92
- Grkovic, Col., 245
- Gronouski, John
- U.S. international broadcasting program
- BIB chair appointment, 47, 48
- Board for International Broadcasting tensions, 62
- Budget cuts, 57, 59, 60
- Holtzman investigation, 69
- Holzkirchen modernization proposals, 55
- Muslim audiences, 71, 77, 78
- Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty office relocation proposals, 67
- Special Coordination Committee discussions, 70
- U.S. international broadcasting program
- Group of 77, 198, 204
- Groza, Maria, 234
-
- Habib, Philip C., 117, 118, 187, 188, 218
- Haferkamp, Wilhelm, 36
- Haig, Gen. Alexander M. Jr., 176
- Hajek, Jiri, 110
- Haman, Josef, 108
- Hamilton, Lee H., 152, 155, 158, 214
- Hanks, Nancy, 82, 83
- Hansell, Herbert J., 141, 149, 204
- Hanson, Rear Adm. Thor, 258
- Harich, Wolfgang, 26
- Harkin Amendment (1977), 196
- Harmon, Sidney, 202
- Harriman, Averell, 256
- Hartman, Arthur A., 6, 136, 137, 138, 139, 141
- Hasani, Sinan, 295
- Hauser, Rita, 48
- Havel, Vaclav, 100, 106, 110, 112
- Havemann, Robert, 26, 121, 126, 127, 133
- Havlicke, Karel, 106
- Hehir, Brian, 155
- Helsinki Accords (see also Helsinki Accords implementation)
- Helsinki Accords implementation (see also Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe)
- Henze, Paul
- Soviet propaganda broadcasting, 65, 77
- U.S. covert publications program, 17, 20, 28, 29, 32, 34, 37
- U.S. international broadcasting program
- Administration transition period (1980–81), 80
- Board for International Broadcasting tensions, 62
- Budget cuts, 57, 59, 60
- Gronouski BIB chair appointment, 47, 48
- Holtzman investigation, 69
- Holzkirchen modernization proposals, 53
- Muslim audiences, 72, 75, 77, 78
- Persian-language broadcasting, 61
- Romania, 58
- Special Coordination Committee discussions, 70
- U.S. covert dissident support programs and, 37
- Voice of America expansion proposals, 63, 64
- Herz, Martin F., 85
- Heym, Stefan, 126, 127, 131, 133
- Himmirsky, Krassin, 84, 88, 93
- Hirri, Imam Muhmammed, 68
- Hodges, Luther, Jr., 271
- Hoffmann, Karel, 108
- Holbrooke, Richard, 254
- Hollai, Imre, 147
- Holloway, Adm. James L., III, 235, 240, 242
- Holmes, H. Allen, 226, 232, 234
- Holtzman, Elizabeth, 69
- Honecker, Erich, 5, 9, 30, 118, 121, 131, 133
- Horelick, Arnold, 22, 278
- Hormats, Robert, 149
- Horn, Gyula, 176
- Horn of Africa
- Hornblow, Michael, 4
- Horodinca, Nicolae Ion, 222
- Horton, Frank, 136, 142, 152, 158, 160
- Hoskinson, Samuel M., 2, 3
- Hovey, Graham, 75
- Hua Guofeng (Hua Kuo-feng), 205, 206, 208
- Huberman, Benjamin, 12, 13
- Huebner, Nico, 133
- Huffman, 200, 204
- Human rights (see also Dissident repression under specific countries; U.S. human rights policy; specific countries)
- Human rights movements. See Dissident movements.
- Humphrey, Hubert H., 47, 158
- Hungary
- Annual policy/resource assessments, 139
- Dissident movements, 5, 26, 136, 139
- Emigration policies, 163, 172
- Foreign policy, 30
- Human rights, 136, 173
- Party Congress (1980), 167, 168, 172
- Romanian relations with, 196, 213
- Soviet relations with, 5, 169, 170, 172
- State Department overview papers, 172
- U.S. international broadcasting program, 49, 67
- U.S. relations with
- Aaron-Nagy meetings, 171
- Administration transition period (1980–81), 175, 176
- Bergold memoranda, 175
- Brzezinski-Huszar meetings, 166
- Carter oral message, 159
- Crown of St. Stephen
- Andrews memoranda, 136
- Brzezinski memoranda, 143, 144, 154
- Hartman memoranda, 141
- Hartman-Nagy discussions, 138
- Hunter memoranda, 137
- Hyland/Hunter memoranda, 140
- Joint communiqué, 160
- Jordan memoranda, 153
- Kaiser-Kadar discussions, 159
- Kaiser-Losonczi discussions, 145
- Kaiser-Puja discussions, 151
- King memoranda, 148, 157
- Mudd memoranda, 139
- Nimetz memoranda, 155
- NSC papers, 18
- Oakar communications, 160, 161
- Presidential Directive NSC–21 on, 16
- Property issues, 139
- Reactions to return of, 152
- State Department papers, 11
- Tarnoff memoranda, 146
- Vance memoranda, 142, 150, 156, 158
- Vance-Puja discussions, 147
- Iran hostage crisis and, 36, 171, 172
- Polish crisis (1980) and, 44, 174, 175, 176
- Ridgway-Esztergalyos meetings, 173
- Scientific/cultural exchanges, 139, 162
- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 36, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175
- State Department papers, 11
- U.S. differentiated policy structure and, 4, 16, 44, 139, 163, 167, 172, 174, 175
- U.S.-Soviet relations and, 139, 145
- U.S. trade with
- Hunter, Robert
- Huntington, Samuel P., 21, 22, 39
- Hurlbert, Gordon C., 271
- Husak, Gustav, 5, 104, 108
- Huszar, Istvan, 166, 167
- Hyland, William G.
-
- Ieurnca, Virgiliu, 58
- Ilic, Col. Bozidar, 261
- Inderfurth, Rick, 9, 57, 61, 144
- Indra, Alois, 108
- Inouye, Daniel K., 31
- Intelligence Assessments
- Intelligence Information Cables, DB–315/04475–78, “Appraisal of Situation Goals and Problems of Ceausescu’s Romania on the Eve of his Fourth Visit to the United States,” 193
- Intelligence Information Special Reports, U.S. international broadcasting program, 58
- Intelligence Memoranda, RP 77-10060, “Dissident Activity in East Europe An Overview,” 5
- Inter-Balkan Conference (1976), 88
- Interagency Group on Europe, 36
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 247, 249, 251, 252
- International Communications Agency (ICA), 61, 63, 68, 70
- International Monetary Fund (IMF), 36, 234
- International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation (INFCE), 247
- Ionel, Vasile, 223
- Ionescu, Nicolae, 217, 222, 226, 233
- Ionita, Gen. Ion, 213
- Iran hostage crisis
- State Department papers, 36
- U.S.-Bulgarian relations with and, 36
- U.S.-Hungarian relations and, 36, 171, 172
- U.S. international broadcasting program and, 37, 67, 68
- U.S. presidential elections (1980) and, 279
- U.S.-Romanian relations and, 36, 219, 221, 226, 229, 273
- Yugoslav responses, 273, 288, 290, 294, 295
- Iran-Iraq War, 299
- Iranian Revolution, 61, 70, 71, 72
- Israel (see also Arab-Israeli conflict), 73, 183
- Italy, 258
-
- Jablonsky, 107, 112, 113
- Jackovich, Victor, 295, 296
- Jackson, Henry M. (“Scoop”), 99, 163, 195, 226
- Jackson-Vanik Amendment
- Bulgarian Most Favored Nation status and, 11
- Czechoslovakian Most Favored Nation status and, 11, 116
- German Democratic Republic Most Favored Nation status and, 125
- Hungarian Most Favored Nation status and, 11, 16, 137, 149
- Romanian Most Favored Nation status and, 11, 177, 180, 197, 215
- Waivers extension, 165
- Jagielski, Mieczyslaw, 38
- Jakes, Milos, 108
- Jakubec, Jaroslav, 99, 101
- Jaroszewicz, Piotr, 5
- Jaukovic, Col. Djordje, 261
- Javits, Jacob K., 163, 195
- Jenkins, Kempton, 97, 109, 141
- Jewish community. See American Jewish community.
- Joetze, Gunter, 56
- Johanes, Jaromir, 99, 100, 101, 104, 107, 112
- John Paul II, 27, 35, 38
- Johnson, Darryl N., 254
- Johnson Act (1934), 136
- Jojic, Branka, 244
- Jordan, Hamilton, 48, 144, 153
-
- Kadar, Janos
- Kadenic, Col. Gen., 258
- Kahout, Pavel, 105
- Kaiser, Herbert, 219
- Kaiser, Philip M.
- Kalugin, Oleg, 86
- Kania, Stanislaw, 42, 44
- Kant, Hermann, 133
- Kapek, Antonin, 108
- Kaplan, Philip S., 101, 124, 196
- Kaplan, Robert D., 88
- Kardelj, Edvard, 236, 243, 244, 269
- Katz, Julius L., 141
- Kempny, Josef, 108
- Kennedy, Edward M., 195, 263, 264
- Keszthely, Tibor, 147
- Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 70
- Khrushchev, Nikita, 26
- Kimmitt, Robert
- King, John, 229
- King, Robert R.
- Kiralythe, Béla, 152
- Kirilenko, Andrei P., 108
- Kirkland, Lane, 68, 75
- Kissinger, Henry A., 54, 103, 235
- Klutznick, Philip M., 226
- Knezevic, Rajko, 260
- Knoche, E. Henry, 1
- Kohler, Foy D., 47
- Kohout, Pavel, 5, 106
- Kohoutova, Teresa, 106
- Kolakowski, Leszek, 26
- Kolisevski, Lazar, 227, 283, 288, 290, 295, 296
- Korea
- Kostic, Petar, 288, 298
- Kostov, Vladimir, 86
- Kosygin, Alexei, 108
- Kovalev, Sergey, 8
- Kral, Richard, 106
- Kramer, Frank, 230
- Kreisberg, Paul H., 10, 231
- Kreps, Juanita M., 13, 177
- Kriegel, Frantisek, 8
- Krsko nuclear reactor (Yugoslavia), 249, 251, 252, 254, 271, 273
- Krunic, Capt. Peter, 261
- Kukan, Eduard, 99
- Kuklinski, Col. Ryszard, 42
- Kulikov, Marshal Viktor, 210
- Kuron, Jacek, 26
-
- Lake, W. Anthony, 30, 101, 195, 196, 234, 277
- Lance, Bert, 1, 13, 16, 46
- Landovsky, Pavel, 105
- Lapidus, Gail, 68
- Larrabee, Stephen
- Lazar, Gyorgy, 162
- Lazarevic, Borislav, 244
- Lederer, Jiri, 100
- Lekai, Cardinal Laszlo, 156, 157, 158, 172
- Lenart, Jozef, 108
- Ler, Leopold, 108
- Lipshutz, Robert, 199
- Litynski, Jan, 106
- Ljubicic, Gen. Nikola
- Loncar, Budimir
- Long, Clarence, 181
- Long, Russell B., 96, 97, 98, 101, 102, 103, 109, 114
- Losonczi, Pál, 145
- Lovetinsky, Cestmir, 108
- Lovinescu, Monica, 58, 188, 208
- Lowenstein, James G., 137
- Ludviger, Emil, 244
- Luers, William H.
- Lukanov, Andrei, 94
- Lukazewicz, Jerzy, 38
- Lyet, Paul, 113
-
- MacGregor, Clark, 47
- Macovescu, George, 179, 185, 187, 188, 189
- Maksic, Malivoj, 251
- Mamula, Adm. Branko, 273
- Manescu, Manea, 210
- Marchais, Georges, 243
- Marcuse, Gisela, 127
- Marev, Spas Iordanov, 83, 85
- Mareva, Ivanka Atanasova, 83, 85
- Marinescu, Teodor, 209, 218
- Mark, David E., 70
- Markoe, Frank, Jr., 48
- Markotic, Mirko, 299
- Markov, Georgi, 86, 87, 88
- Markovic, Dragoslav, 256, 296, 301
- Marshall, Ray, 13
- Matescu, Radu, 229
- Mathews, Jessica Tuchman, 257, 263
- Matic, Vladimir, 244, 254
- Maynes, Charles W., 218
- McAuliffe, Eugene V., 136
- McCormack, 277
- McGiffert, David E., 245, 258, 267, 285, 286
- McGovern, George, 47, 48, 158, 159
- McIntyre, James T., 59, 60, 63, 71
- McVadon, Cmdr. Eric A., 245, 258, 261
- Mecca hostage incident (Nov. 1979), 70
- Meehan, Francis J., 43, 53, 107, 112, 113, 114
- Merry, Wayne, 135
- Meyer-Landrut, Nikolaus, 55
- Michnik, Adam, 106
- Middle East. See Arab-Israeli conflict.
- Mihajlov, Mihajlo, 5, 8
- Mijatovic, Cvijetin, 288, 290, 294, 295, 296, 298, 301
- Mikulic, Branko, 273, 283
- Miller, G. William, 288, 292, 293, 298
- Al-Min, Imam Khalil, 68
- Mindszenty, József, 136, 159
- Minic, Milos
- Mitchell, George H., 209
- Mitran, Mircea, 208, 209, 211
- Mladenov, Petur, 84, 85, 87, 91, 92, 94
- Mlynar, Zdenek, 26
- Modzelewski, Karol, 26
- Mondale, Joan, 82, 83, 93, 265
- Mondale, Walter F.
- Moore, Frank, 152
- Moore, John L., Jr., 252
- Moore, Patrick, 213
- Morse, David, 94
- Moscow Olympics boycott, 67
- Moses, Alfred, 215
- Mudd, Clayton, 136, 138, 139, 149
- Murphy, John T., 47
- Muskie, Edmund S.
- Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction (MBFR) talks, 1, 162, 166, 193, 216, 226, 252
- Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act (Battle Act), 230
-
- Nagy, Ferenc
- Naimsky, Piotr, 106
- National Foreign Intelligence Center Memoranda, R PM 79–10075, “Could Bulgaria Go the Way of Romania?,” 90
- National Intelligence Estimates, NIE 15–79, “Prospects for Post-Tito Yugoslavia,” 269, 273
- National Security Decision Memoranda (NSDM), NSDM 212, “Economic Policies for the Eastern European Countries,” 94
- National Security Study Memoranda (NSSM), NSSM 245, “President’s Report to Congress Concerning International Broadcast Facilities,” 45
- New International Economic Order (NIEO), 198, 226
- Newhouse, John, 6
- Newsom, David D.
- Nicolae, Nicolae M.
- Nier, Kurt, 123, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131
- Niklas, Manfred, 122
- Nimetz, Matthew
- Nixon, Richard M., 189, 197, 271
- Non-aligned movement (NAM), 236, 243, 251, 252, 255, 256, 273, 288, 294, 296
- Nordhaus, William D., 6
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 10
- North-South relations, 39, 201, 252, 295
- Nosenzo, Louis V., 254
- Novotny, Antonin, 26
- Nowak, Jan, 57, 78
- Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), 247, 251
- Nyerges, Janos, 149
-
- Oakar, Mary Rose, 140, 142, 152, 155, 158, 160, 161
- Oancea, Constantin, 222, 229
- Obst, Harry, 122
- Odom, Brig. Gen. William, 21, 22, 39, 61, 72, 75
- O’Donahue, Daniel, 223, 230, 231
- Office of Management and Budget, U.S., 57, 60, 72, 74, 75, 78
- Ogaden War. See Horn of Africa.
- Okun, Herbert S., 135
- Olszowski, Stefan, 5
- O’Neill, Thomas “Tip,” 156, 158, 167, 237
- Oprea, Gheorghe, 200, 204
- Orleans, Leo, 68
- Orlov, Yuri F., 10
- Orlov Committee, 7
- Orlove, Yuriy, 3
- Ornest, Ota, 100
- Owen, Henry D., 6, 263
- Owens, Carol, 82
-
- Pacepa, Gen. Ion Mihai, 27, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210
- Pacoste, Cornel, 195, 218, 219
- Paczkowski, Andrzej, 42
- Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). See Arab-Israeli conflict.
- Palmer, Stephen, Jr., 277
- Pastore, John, 47
- Patocka, Jan, 5, 110
- Pavlicek, Frantisek, 100
- Pekic, Gen., 272
- Pelikan, Jiri, 3, 100
- Pell, Claiborne, 158, 264
- Percy, Charles H., 47, 48
- Pernick, Irwin, 261
- Perry, Jack R., 44, 92, 95
- Pesic, Branko, 264, 265
- Petkovic, Radivoje, 244
- Petnicki, Zvonimir, 254
- Petran, Janos, 171
- Petrovich, Michael, 254
- Plyushch, Leonid, 3, 8
- Poland (see also Polish crisis (1980))
- Dissident movements, 3, 5, 8, 26, 105, 106, 110
- Economic situation, 26, 30, 38
- International Monetary Fund membership, 36
- John Paul II visit (1979), 35
- Political situation, 5, 9, 40
- Soviet policy toward (see also under Polish crisis (1980), 5, 9
- U.S. covert publications program, 3
- U.S. economic aid, 43, 44
- U.S. international broadcasting program, 49, 67
- U.S. relations with
- Polansky, Sol, 117
- Policy Review Committee (PRC), 1, 4, 6
- Polish crisis (1980), 38, 40
- Christopher memoranda, 41
- German Democratic Republic and, 44, 135
- Soviet policy toward Eastern Europe and, 41, 42, 43, 44, 135, 233, 300
- Soviet VOA jamming and, 79
- U.S.-Hungarian relations and, 44, 174, 175, 176
- U.S. international broadcasting program and, 67
- U.S.-Romanian discussions, 232, 233
- U.S.-Yugoslav discussions, 299, 300
- Popa, Dumitru, 213
- Popov, Zdravko, 83
- Popovic, Maj. Gen. Sveta, 258, 261
- Porter, Elsa A., 124
- Potocar, Gen., 245
- Powell, Jody, 37
- Prague Spring (1968), 26, 105, 108, 182, 260
- Presidential Directives
- NSC–21, “Policy toward Eastern Europe” (see also U.S. differentiated policy structure), 16, 18, 25
- PD–13, “Conventional Arms Transfer Policy,” 240
- PD–30, “Human Rights,” 196
- PD–41, “U.S. Civil Defense Policy,” 39
- PD–50, “Arms Control Decision Process,” 39
- PD–53, “National Security Communication Strategy,” 39
- PD–57, “Mobilization Planning,” 39
- PD–58, “Continuity of Government,” 39
- PD–59, “Nuclear Weapons Employment Policy,” 39
- Presidential Review Committee, 4, 14
- Presidential Review Memoranda
- Press, Frank, 13
- Puerto Rico, 85, 252
- Puja, Frigyes, 147, 149, 151, 157, 158, 162, 173
- Pullai, Arpad, 139
- Pungan, Vasile
- Pustay, Lt. Gen. John, 70, 278
- Putnam, Robert, 259
-
- Raceanu, Mircea, 229
- Rackmales, Robert, 121, 182
- Radakovic, Gen., 245
- Radio Free Europe. See U.S. international broadcasting program.
- Radio Liberty. See U.S. international broadcasting program.
- Radulescu, Ilie, 213
- Al-Rahman, Fazl, 68
- Raicevic, Col., 261
- Rakosi, Matyas, 26
- Rakowska-Harmstone, Teresa, 68
- Ranghet, Boris, 219, 226, 233
- Rauta, Constantin, 192, 195, 196, 202
- Read, Ben, 281
- Reagan, Ronald (see also Administration transition period (1980–81)), 78
- Reese, Bill, 75
- Reinhardt, John E.
- Rentschler, James M. T., 93, 263, 265, 294
- Resor, Stanley R., 258, 259
- Reston, James (“Scotty”), 251
- Revel, Jean-Francois, 193
- Revesz, Miklos, 176
- Ribicoff, Abraham A., 163, 173, 195
- Ridgway, Rozanne L., 41, 173, 229, 232, 233, 234
- Ringleb, Paul, 122
- Roberts, Walter, 47, 53, 55, 62, 78
- Roche, Col. William, 258, 261
- Roche, John P., 47
- Rockefeller, David, 288, 293, 294, 295, 296
- Rohr, David, 215
- Romania (see also Romania and Arab-Israeli
conflict)
- Annual policy/resource assessment, 178
- China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 198, 203, 205, 206, 208
- Dissident movements, 5, 26, 177, 179, 188, 193, 194
- Earthquake (1977), 179, 182
- Emigration policy
- Aaron-Bogdan discussions, 216
- American Jewish community discussions, 214, 215, 216, 217
- Annual policy/resource assessment, 178
- Brzezinski-Andrei discussions, 208
- Brzezinski memoranda, 197
- Carter-Pungan discussions, 177
- Ceausescu visit (1978) discussions, 197, 202, 203
- Derian-Pungan discussions, 192
- Goldberg memoranda, 199
- Rauta case, 192, 195, 196, 202
- Ridgway-Bogdan discussions, 233
- Vance-Andrei discussions, 209
- Family reunification cases, 192, 195
- Foreign policy, 30, 178, 193, 210, 211, 225
- Horodinca defection case, 222
- Human rights (see also Emigration policy above)
- Hungarian relations with, 196, 213
- Journalist treatment, 179
- Magyar minority, 193, 194, 196, 213, 225
- Pacepa defection case, 27, 205, 206, 207, 208, 209, 210
- Polish crisis (1980) and, 44, 232, 233
- Political situation, 178, 182, 193, 194, 213, 225, 232
- Soviet relations with, 178, 193, 205, 206, 210, 211, 212, 225
- U.S. international broadcasting program, 49, 58, 67, 188, 193, 208
- U.S. military sales proposals, 223, 224, 228, 230, 231
- U.S. relations with
- Annual policy/resource assessment, 178
- Blumenthal visit, 210, 211
- Brzezinski-Andrei meetings, 206, 208
- Carter-Ceausescu correspondence, 177, 186, 221, 226, 229
- Carter-Macovescu meetings, 187
- Carter-Pungan meetings, 177
- Ceausescu visit (1978)
- Brzezinski memoranda, 181, 197
- Carter-Ceausescu meetings, 200, 203, 204
- Goldberg memoranda, 199
- Inter-Agency Working Group discussions, 189
- Rauta case and, 195, 196
- Vance-Andrei meetings, 201, 202
- Vance/Brzezinski-Ceausescu meetings, 201
- Vance-Macovescu discussions, 188
- Vance memoranda, 198
- Vest/Derian/Lake memoranda, 196
- Vest memoranda, 192
- Iran hostage crisis and, 36, 219, 221, 226, 229, 273
- Mondale-Burtica meetings, 226
- Mondale-Patan meetings, 186
- Newsom visit, 220, 221
- NSC papers, 18
- Ridgway-Andrei meetings, 229
- Ridgway-Bogdan meetings, 232, 233
- Scientific/cultural exchanges, 189
- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 36, 219, 220, 221, 226, 227, 229
- Special emissary (1978), 205
- State Department papers, 11
- U.S. differentiated policy structure and, 4, 16, 178, 226
- U.S.-Soviet relations and, 178, 189, 200, 216
- Vance-Andrei meetings, 209, 218
- Vance visit plans (1979), 218, 219, 220
- U.S. relief aid, 179, 181
- U.S. trade with
- Credits, 192, 197, 198, 202
- Export controls
- Most Favored Nation status
- Aaron-Bogdan discussions, 216
- American Jewish community discussions, 217
- Barnes memoranda, 185
- Blumenthal visit discussions, 211
- Brzezinski memoranda, 180, 197
- Carter-Pungan discussions, 177
- Ceausescu visit (1978) discussions, 189, 197, 203
- Kreps-Pungan discussions, 177
- Larrabee memoranda, 214, 215
- Mondale-Burtica discussions, 226
- Ridgway-Bogdan discussions, 233
- State Department papers, 11
- Norfolk port access, 36, 218, 226
- World Bank/IMF loans, 189, 196, 234
- Romania and Arab-Israeli conflict
- Begin Romania visit (1977), 183, 184
- Brzezinski-Andrei discussions, 208
- Carter-Ceausescu correspondence, 226
- Carter-Macovescu discussions, 187
- Ceausescu visit (1978) discussions, 200, 203
- Newsom-Ceausescu discussions, 221
- Ridgway-Andrei discussions, 229
- Ridgway-Bogdan discussions, 233
- Vance-Andrei discussions, 209
- Vance-Macovescu discussions, 188
- Vance-Pungan discussions, 190
- Warsaw Pact PCC meeting and, 210
- Ronai, Rudolf, 136
- Rose, Harald, 122
- Rousselot, John H., 136
- Ruhfus, Jürgen, 51, 54, 55
- Rywkin, Michael, 68
-
- Sakharov, Andrey, 5, 8, 37
- Sandenberg, Ronaldo, 30
- Sanders, Edward, 75
- Sarbanes, Paul S., 195
- Saudi Arabia, 70, 73
- Saunders, Harold H., 17, 190, 221
- Scanlan, John D., 267, 273
- Schaufele, William, 38
- Schecter, Jerrold, 137, 200, 204
- Schlesinger, James R., 13
- Schmidt, Carl W.
- Schmidt, Helmut, 38, 51, 52, 53, 54, 56, 67
- Schneider, Mark, 234
- Schneider, Rolf, 131
- Schueler, Manfred, 52, 53
- Schultze, Charles L., 1, 13, 16
- Schulze, Richard, 217
- Scott, David, 97, 98
- Seabury, Paul, 78, 80
- Seitz, Raymond, 292
- Shahi, Agha, 229
- Shcharanskiy, Anatoly B., 10, 37, 256
- Sheehy, Ann, 68
- Shenefield, John, 70
- Shorish, Mobin, 68
- Shub, Tony, 62
- Shulman, Marshall D., 22, 280, 281
- Sick, Capt. Gary, 61, 72, 75, 78
- Siddiqui, Muzammil, 68
- Sieber, Rolf, 117, 118, 122
- Siena, James, 231, 258, 261, 270, 278, 285, 287
- Silins, Ints M., 179, 184, 192, 196
- Sindjelic, Vladimir, 254, 270, 293, 294
- Sinyavskiy, Andrei, 26
- Slocombe, Walter, 14
- Sloss, Leon, 6
- Smith, Lt. Gen. William Y., 6
- Solomon, Anthony M., 109
- Solzhentisyn, Aleksandr, 3, 8
- Somalia. See Horn of Africa.
- Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, 18, 21
- Southern Africa, 235, 236, 252
- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
- Henze memoranda, 37
- Post-Tito contingency planning and, 274, 277, 288
- Tito funeral delegation and, 279, 280, 281
- U.S.-German Democratic Republic relations and, 134
- U.S.-Hungarian relations and, 36, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 175
- U.S. international broadcasting program and, 67, 74, 78
- U.S. military sales to Yugoslavia and, 286
- U.S. presidential elections (1980) and, 279
- U.S.-Romanian relations and, 36, 219, 220, 221, 226, 227, 229
- U.S.-Soviet relations and, 36, 39, 219, 288
- Yugoslav responses, 288, 290, 294, 295, 298, 299
- Soviet policy toward Eastern Europe
- Soviet Union
- Bulgarian relations with, 88, 90, 94, 95
- Czech relations with, 108, 116
- Dissident movements, 3, 5, 8, 26, 256
- German Democratic Republic relations with, 133
- Hungarian relations with, 5, 169, 170, 172
- Political situation, 26, 27, 35
- Propaganda broadcasting, 65, 66, 77
- Romanian relations with, 178, 193, 205, 206, 210, 211, 212, 225
- U.S. covert publications program, 3, 28
- U.S. international broadcasting program, 49, 70
- Yugoslav relations with (see also Post-Tito contingency planning under Yugoslavia), 139, 238, 243, 244, 252, 273, 296, 301
- Special Activities Working Group (SAWG), 2, 17
- Special Coordination Committee (SCC), 2, 23, 70, 169, 276, 277, 278
- Specter, George, 215
- Spiers, Ronald I., 42
- Stambolic, Petar, 273
- Stanishev, Dimitur, 81
- Stanton, Frank, 47, 48
- Starcevic, Svetozar, 244, 254
- Starr, Joyce, 199
- Stefanescu, Serban, 58
- Stetkevych, Jaroslav, 68
- Stevenson, Adlai E., III, 22, 189
- Stivers, Ronald H., 70
- Stoddart, Jonathan D., 110
- Stoessel, Walter J., Jr., 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 56
- Stojicic, Lt. Col. Gen., 245
- Strategic Arms Limitation (SALT) talks
- Strauss, Peter, 69
- Strougal, Lubomir, 108, 109
- Suddarth, Roscoe S., 221
- Suslov, Mikhail, 42
-
- Taft, Robert, 47
- Talisman, Mark, 215
- Tarnoff, Peter R.
- Thatcher, Margaret, 38
- Thomas, Helen, 195
- Thompson, Frank, 136
- Thornton, Thomas, 61, 75
- Tigrid, Pavel, 100
- Timofei, Ion, 226
- Tito, Josip Broz
- Toon, Malcolm, 211
- Trade Act (1974) (see also Jackson-Vanik Amendment), 96, 98, 101, 102, 109
- Trattner, John H., 125
- Treverton, Gregory F.
- Trifa, Valerian, 69
- Tsvetkov, Boris, 84, 85, 88, 89, 94
- Tuch, Hans, 70
- Tumminia, Frank, 226, 229, 231
- Turner, Adm. Stansfield
- Turturea, Nicolae, 229
- Tverdokhlebov, Andrey, 3, 8
-
- Ukraine, 3
- Ulbricht, Walter, 121, 133
- UN Special Session on Disarmament (SSOD), 189, 198, 204, 252
- United Kingdom, 109, 113, 281
- U.S. covert dissident support programs, 3, 8, 19, 26, 37
- U.S. covert publications program
- U.S. differentiated policy structure
- Administration transition period (1980–81), 176
- Bulgaria and, 16, 83, 91, 94
- Hungary and, 4, 16, 44, 139, 163, 167, 172, 174, 175
- Larrabee memoranda, 27
- NSC–9 on, 1, 4
- NSC papers, 18
- Policy Review Committee discussions, 6, 7, 15
- Polish crisis (1980) and, 41, 43, 44, 174, 175
- Presidential Directive NSC–21 on, 16, 18, 25
- Presidential Review Committee discussions, 14
- Romania and, 4, 16, 178, 226
- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 36
- State Department papers, 10, 11, 36
- Treverton memoranda, 10
- U.S. foreign trade
- U.S. human rights policy
- Carter nomination acceptance speech (1980), 173
- Detente and, 139
- Dissident movements and, 5, 26, 96, 100, 101
- Emigration issues and, 178
- Policy Review Committee papers, 4
- State Department papers, 11
- U.S.-German Democratic Republic discussions, 123, 127
- U.S.-Yugoslav discussions, 256
- World Bank/IMF loans to Romania and, 234
- U.S. international broadcasting program
- Administration transition period (1980–81), 80
- Board for International Broadcasting tensions, 62
- Brzezinski memoranda, 45, 46, 48, 52, 59, 60
- Budget cuts, 57, 59, 60
- Cherne memoranda, 76
- Christopher memoranda, 53
- CIA papers, 3
- Gronouski BIB chair appointment, 47, 48
- Henze memoranda, 37, 47, 57, 61, 62, 63, 69
- Holzkirchen modernization proposals, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56
- Intelligence Information Special Reports, 58
- Morton memoranda, 116
- Muslim audiences, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 78
- Persian-language broadcasting, 61, 64, 70
- Policy Review Committee discussions, 6
- Policy Review Committee papers, 4
- Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty office relocation proposals, 49, 50, 67
- Romania, 49, 58, 67, 188, 193, 208
- Soviet jamming, 79
- Soviet propaganda broadcasting and, 65, 66, 77
- Special Coordination Committee discussions, 70
- U.S. covert dissident support programs and, 37
- U.S.-Federal Republic of Germany discussions, 51, 52, 54
- Voice of America expansion proposals, 63, 64
- U.S. policy toward Eastern Europe (see also U.S. differentiated policy structure)
- U.S. presidential elections (1980), 78, 279
- U.S.-Soviet relations
- Carter speech (July 1977), 118, 238
- Detente
- Helsinki Accords implementation and, 10
- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 36, 39, 219, 288
- Tito funeral delegation and, 279, 280, 281
- U.S.-Bulgarian discussions, 83
- U.S.-German Democratic Republic discussions, 118
- U.S.-Hungarian relations and, 139, 145
- U.S. policy toward Eastern Europe and, 11, 21, 22, 36, 39
- U.S.-Romanian relations and, 178, 189, 200, 216
- U.S.-Yugoslav communications, 238, 239, 252, 255, 256, 290, 295, 299
-
- Van Well, Günther, 56
- Vance, Cyrus
- Bulgaria, 84, 87, 89, 92
- Czechoslovakia, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 104
- Export controls, 13
- German Democratic Republic, 118, 119, 122, 124, 129
- Helsinki Accords implementation, 10
- Hungary
- Iran hostage crisis, 219
- Resignation, 228, 288
- Romania
- Andrei meetings, 201, 202, 209, 218
- Arab-Israeli conflict and, 184, 187, 188, 190, 191
- Ceausescu visit (1978), 198
- Dissident repression, 188
- Export controls, 218
- Horodinca defection case, 222
- Human rights, 196, 198
- Most Favored Nation status, 185, 198
- Norfolk port access, 218
- U.S. relief aid, 181
- Visit plans (1979), 218, 219, 220
- U.S. covert publications program, 2
- U.S. international broadcasting program, 48, 52, 61, 63, 71
- U.S. policy toward Eastern Europe
- U.S. refugee assistance, 31
- Yugoslavia
- Brzezinski-Belovski meetings, 238
- Djuranovic/Vrhovec meetings, 256
- Intelligence cooperation, 259
- Military transfers to Ethiopia, 237
- Post-Tito contingency planning, 276, 277, 278, 281, 285
- Tito funeral delegation, 280, 281
- Tito U.S. visit (1978), 251, 252, 254
- U.S. economic aid, 263
- U.S. economic cooperation with, 248
- U.S. military sales, 262, 285
- U.S. trade with, 271
- Visit plans (1979), 273
- Vanik, Charles
- Velchev, Boris, 81
- Verdet, 213
- Vest, George S.
- Vine, Richard, 14, 53, 89, 129, 130, 261
- Vinocur, John, 75
- Violette, Richard, 261
- Voh, Col. Vid, 261
- Voice of America (VOA) (see also U.S. international broadcasting program), 63, 64, 70, 79
- Von Braunmuehl, 120
- Von Dohnanyi, Klaus, 55
- Von Staden, Berndt, 120
- Vosicky, Pavel, 104
- Vrhovec, Josip, 256, 290, 295, 296, 299, 301
- Vujatovic, Col. Gen. Laze, 270, 271, 285
- Vujatvic, Col. Gen. Dusan, 258, 261
-
- Walesa, Lech, 38
- Walter, Ralph, 57, 59
- Warnke, Paul C., 1, 13, 16
- Warsaw Pact, 210, 211
- Watergate scandal, 47
- Weil, Frank, 6
- Weiser, Benjamin, 42
- Western Europe, 10, 11
- Whalen, Charles W., Jr., 158
- White, John, 70, 72, 75
- Wilson, Charlie, 158
- Wischnewski, Hans Jurgen, 121
- Wise, Philip J., Jr., 289
- Woessner, William M., 53, 120, 122, 123, 124
- Wolf, Ira, 88, 104, 196
- Wolf, Konrad, 133
- Wolff, Lester L., 114, 115
- Workers Defense League (Poland), 5
- World Bank (International Bank for Reconstruction and Development), 189, 196, 234
-
- Young, Andrew J., 1, 16
- Yugoslavia
- Arab-Israeli conflict, 236, 244, 253, 254, 295
- Bulgarian relations with, 88, 246
- Chinese People’s Republic relations with, 244, 251, 252, 256, 273
- Dissident movements, 5, 8
- Earthquake (1979), 263, 264, 265
- Emigre terrorism, 143, 235, 249, 251, 252, 254, 288, 290, 293, 294
- Foreign policy, 30
- Greek relations with, 258
- Human rights, 5, 299
- Italian relations with, 258
- Krsko nuclear reactor, 249, 251, 252, 254, 271, 273
- Markotic case, 299
- Military transfers to Ethiopia, 237, 238, 242, 245
- Non-aligned movement role, 236, 243, 251, 252, 255, 256, 273, 288, 294, 296
- Polish crisis (1980) and, 44, 299, 300
- Political situation, 5, 226, 227, 250, 269, 273, 301
- Post-Tito contingency planning, 274
- Soviet relations with (see also Post-Tito contingency planning above), 139, 238, 243, 244, 252, 273, 296, 301
- Tito condolences, 288, 289
- Tito funeral delegation, 279, 280, 281, 282, 288, 290
- U.S. economic aid
- U.S. military sales
- Aaron-Vujatovic discussions, 270
- Benson visit discussions, 271
- Harold Brown-Ljubicic discussions, 245, 246, 258
- Brzezinski memoranda, 242, 243
- Carter-Kardelj discussions, 244
- Christopher memoranda, 288
- Duncan memoranda, 241
- Eagleburger memoranda, 272, 286, 300
- Hunter memoranda, 257
- Kimmitt/Brement/Larrabee memoranda, 266
- Larrabee memoranda, 268, 276, 280, 287, 297
- Mondale-Tito discussions, 236
- Scanlan memoranda, 267
- State Department papers, 36
- Tarnoff memoranda, 240, 292
- Tito U.S. visit discussions, 249, 250, 252
- U.S. military sales to Romania and, 224
- Vance memoranda, 262, 285
- U.S. relations with
- Benson visit (1979), 271
- Brzezinski-Belovski meetings, 238
- Carter-Kardelj meetings, 243, 244
- Carter-Mijatovic correspondence, 298
- Carter-Tito correspondence, 236, 239, 243, 251, 290
- Carter visit (1980), 229, 291, 294, 295, 296
- Consular access issue, Tito U.S. visit discussions, 249
- Cultural convention, 273
- Economic cooperation, 248, 249, 251, 254
- Harriman-Tito meetings, 256
- Intelligence cooperation, 259, 260
- Military cooperation, 249, 258, 261, 270, 291
- Mondale-Kolisevski meetings, 290
- Mondale-Loncar meetings, 293
- Mondale-Markovic meetings, 256
- Mondale visit (1977), 235, 236
- Muskie-Vrhovec meetings, 299
- Overflight issues, 251
- Polish crisis (1980) and, 44
- Post-Tito, 252
- Science/technology cooperation, 249, 251, 254
- Scientific/cultural exchanges, 249
- Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and, 36
- Tito U.S. visit (1978), 249, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 255
- U.S. differentiated policy structure and, 4
- Vance visit plans (1979), 273
- U.S. trade with