Index
References are to document numbers.
-
- ABM Treaty. See Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972)
- Abrahamson, James, 79, 110
- Abramowitz, Morton, 29, 32
- Abrams, Elliott, 82, 141, 142, 147
- Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union, 178, 181, 183
- ACDA. See Arms Control and Disarmament Agency
- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), 84, 133, 139, 154
- Adamishin, Anatoly, 26, 138, 183:
- Armacost, Michael “Mike,” counterpart to, 132, 136, 137, 139
- Crocker, Chester “Chet” counterpart to, 150, 157
- Human rights, and, 121, 136
- Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, 136, 161
- Ridgway, Rozanne “Roz,” counterpart to, 98
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 98, 99, 100, 101, 121, 123, 126, 137, 138, 139
- Whitehead, John counterpart to, 100
- Adelman, Kenneth, 9,
29, 32, 67, 120:
- Chemical weapons, and, 40
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 39, 70, 74
- National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, 3, 35
- Nuclear testing, and, 40, 80
- Policy Review Group meeting, participant in, 24
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 1
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 39, 40, 44, 45, 68, 70, 74, 85
- Vorontsov, Yuli, meeting with, 17
- Aeroflot, 147:
- Afanasenko, Peter, 105, 124, 142, 149, 152, 177
- Afghanistan, 21,
30, 44, 72, 123, 132, 137, 139, 157:
- Cambodia, compared to, 26, 67, 97, 139
- Coalition government, 115, 119, 123, 125, 175
- Islamic fundamentalists, 104, 147, 175
- National reconciliation, 26, 44, 72, 111, 114, 115, 123, 183
- Nonaligned countries, member of, 72, 114, 115, 123, 125, 137, 139, 145, 147, 162, 175
- Pakistan, and, 44, 72, 78, 110, 123, 132, 137, 139, 157, 175, 183
- Refugee resettlement, 123, 151, 175
- Self determination, 52
- Soviet Union, diplomatic relations with, 132
- Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, 26, 30, 42, 44, 67, 72, 110, 114, 115, 119, 132, 139, 140, 155
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 41, 157
- AFL-CIO. See American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations
- Agreement for Cooperation in Basic Scientific Research (1989), 154, 183
- AIDS. See Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome
- Air and Space Museum, 127
- Air-launched cruise missiles (ALCM), 84, 161, 176, 177:
- Akhromeyev, Sergei, 104, 110, 115, 146, 149, 169:
- Arms control and disarmament, and, 112, 122, 123, 134, 173
- Crowe, William, counterpart to, 84, 99, 112, 125, 152
- Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, 157, 161
- Nitze, Paul, counterpart to, 1, 6, 42, 84, 100, 107, 114, 161
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 102
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 84, 98, 101, 102, 125, 147
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 108
- Alaska, 39, 45
- ALCM. See Air-launched cruise missiles
- Alderman, Craig, 31
- Alekseev, Alexander, 132, 137, 142
- American Chemical Society, 113
- American Defense Preparedness Association, 79
- American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO), 7, 133
- Andreas, Dwayne, 11
- Andrews Air Force Base, 1, 54, 89, 90, 99, 130
- Andropov, Yuri, 29
- Angola, 38, 58, 103, 183:
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) (ABM Treaty):
- Arms control and disarmament, 4, 6, 7, 8, 17, 39, 64, 68, 89, 110, 132, 139, 149, 168
- Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), and, 36, 51, 97, 125, 136, 140, 158, 173
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, 4, 36, 45, 66, 102, 107
- Moscow Summit (1988), and, 141, 142, 157, 158, 162
- Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), and, 15, 16, 42, 132, 173
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 1, 66, 68, 89, 102
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, impact on, 161, 168, 173
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (1969–1979), and, 42
- Strategic defenses whether permitted by, 1, 3, 4, 6, 39, 42, 43, 68, 81, 84, 89, 97, 105, 107, 118, 122, 134, 142
- Treaty violation related to, 45, 67, 158, 167, 168, 173
- Verification and verification protocols, 4, 102, 105, 122, 132, 134, 139, 142
- Washington Summit Joint Statement (1987), mentioned in, 118, 121, 125, 132, 138, 139, 140, 142, 144, 146, 152, 158, 162, 173, 177
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty compliance:
- COntinuous Reflectometry for Radius vs. Time EXperiment system, 40, 42, 45, 120, 122, 132, 134, 139
- Fylingdales radar, 167, 173, 177
- Gomel radar, 82, 118, 160, 173, 175
- Krasnoyarsk radar, 6, 39, 67, 82, 84, 97, 110, 118, 120, 146, 152, 157, 158, 161, 162, 167, 170, 173, 175, 176, 177, 178, 181
- Soviet SS–20s in Asia, 105
- Strategic Defense Initiative and, 1, 3, 4, 21, 39, 42, 43, 68, 81, 84, 97, 118, 134
- Thule radar, 167, 173, 177
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty non-withdrawal:
- National security interests, and, 125, 132, 134, 136, 141, 142, 146, 152
- Nuclear testing, and, 3, 8, 17, 39, 45, 51, 52, 68, 139, 142, 146
- Reagan administration (1981–1988) views on, 3, 6, 7, 17, 125
- Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (1991), and, 64, 65, 67, 68, 74, 81, 84, 88, 89, 90, 102, 107, 110, 112, 121, 122, 125, 134, 136, 138, 139, 152, 157, 161
- Strategic offensive arms reductions, associated with, 8, 36, 42, 84, 89, 102, 108, 132, 136, 138, 152, 161, 168
- Treaty compliance, and, 158, 176
- Washington Summit (1987), included in, 89, 90, 100, 110, 112, 122, 173
- Anti-satellite systems (ASAT), 1, 45, 108, 110
- Apartheid, 44, 82, 139
- Arafat, Yasser, 142, 143, 175:
- Argentina, 40, 67
- Aristov, Boris, 41
- Armacost, Michael “Mike,” 11, 12, 25, 30, 31, 59, 66, 74, 78, 124:
- Adamishin, Anatoly counterpart to, 132, 136, 137, 139
- Afghanistan, views on, 26, 72, 119, 123
- Dubinin, Yuri, meeting with, 119
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 24, 72
- National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, 116, 166
- Polyakov, Vladimir, counterpart to, 175
- Regional issues, and, 8, 21, 24, 26, 35, 42, 44, 56, 72, 91, 119, 121, 123, 132, 136, 139, 143, 175, 183
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 72, 78, 123, 125, 126, 137, 138, 139, 142, 175
- Vorontsov, Yuli, counterpart to, 8, 26, 44, 82, 91, 123
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 111
- Armenia, 129, 143, 163, 164, 174:
- Armitage, Richard, 116, 166
- Arms control and disarmament, 16, 63:
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972), 4, 6, 7, 8, 17, 39, 64, 68, 89, 110, 132, 139, 149, 168
- Chemical weapons and, 169, 177
- Confidence-building measures, 7, 40, 84, 108, 110, 122, 134, 142, 147, 158
- Conventional weapons, 40, 50, 64, 80, 85, 88, 103, 144, 158, 172, 177, 183
- Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), and, 1, 5, 45, 79, 90, 110, 122, 131, 134, 140, 157, 158, 176
- Department of Defense and, 84, 89
- Department of State and, 84
- Europe and, 1, 7, 39, 40, 42, 44, 45, 55, 80, 81, 85, 100, 134, 138, 139, 158, 172, 178, 181
- Geneva Summit (1985), 22, 57
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, 4, 22, 45, 48, 54, 67, 68, 81, 96, 97, 101, 102, 125, 151
- Moscow Summit (1988), 120, 138, 141, 146, 150, 156, 158, 161
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization and, 6, 7, 8, 42, 45, 55, 91, 107, 134, 150, 161, 178
- Nuclear arms reductions, 39, 64, 90
- Reagan administration (1981–1988), 3, 11, 23, 39, 66, 110, 120, 128, 139, 157, 167
- Reykjavik Summit (1986) impact on, 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 14, 23, 34, 40, 43, 44, 45, 66, 67, 68, 74, 84, 87, 89, 90, 102, 158, 173
- Space activities, 84, 143, 146, 152, 173
- Space-strike arms, 39, 40, 42, 51, 69, 181
- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), and, 4, 36, 39, 55, 65, 120, 125, 152
- Strategic offensive arms reductions, 3, 6, 8, 14, 36, 37, 39, 42, 45, 51, 64, 67, 68, 74, 75, 81, 84, 88, 89, 90, 102, 107, 110, 112, 121, 128, 133, 134, 146, 149, 152, 157, 158, 168, 181
- U.S.-NATO relations, and, 3, 108, 151
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations and, 42, 88, 92, 151, 158, 165
- Warsaw Treaty Organization and, 7, 123, 134, 138, 150, 158
- Washington Summit (1987), 108, 122
- Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), 70, 74, 175
- Arms race, 39, 81, 88, 125, 134, 146, 158:
- Armstrong, Anne, 61
- ASAT. See Anti-satellite systems
- ASEAN. See Association of Southeast Asian Nations
- Associated Press, 10, 95
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 26, 44, 56:
- Australia, 40
- Aziz, Tariq, 78, 173
- Baker, Howard, 23,
26, 42, 53, 60, 65, 67, 90, 94, 118, 129, 131, 137, 144, 148, 149:
- Linkage, views on, 30
- Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), views on, 61
- Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, 157, 158, 162
- National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, 3, 31, 35, 61, 79, 116, 120, 154
- Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 25, 48, 95
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 75, 138
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 107, 108, 110, 114, 115
- Baker, James, 3, 143:
- Ballistic missiles, 6, 74, 98, 102, 120, 150, 153:
- Basic sciences, 154, 183
- Batsanov, Sergey, 85, 121
- BBC. See British Broadcasting Corporation
- Begun, Yosef, 67
- Belenogov, Alexander, 78
- Belgium, 6, 113
- Berlin Wall, 67, 177
- Bessmertnykh, Alexander, 41, 66, 67, 86, 90, 98, 183:
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 7, 39, 44, 68, 70
- Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, 157, 158, 161, 162
- Moscow Summit Joint Statement (1988), drafter of, 162
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 1
- Ridgway, Rozanne “Roz” counterpart to, 6, 74, 89, 105, 107, 108, 111, 123, 126, 132, 145, 149, 150
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 7, 39, 40, 44, 45, 68, 70, 72, 74, 75, 76, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 89, 91, 122, 123, 125, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, 139, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178
- U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, and, 121
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 105, 111
- Working Groups (Soviet), and, 39, 74
- Bishop, Maurice, 44
- Bogatiy, Anatoly, 74, 89
- Bomber aircraft, 1, 6, 69, 125, 146:
- Botha, P.W., 139
- Bracy, Arnold, 27, 28, 31, 33
- Brandenburg Gate, 54, 110, 177
- Brazil, 40, 67, 158
- Brazinskas, Algirdas, 66, 121, 133, 144, 172
- Brazinskas, Pranas, 66, 121, 133, 144, 172
- Brazzaville Protocol (1988), 183
- Brezhnev, Leonid, 41, 117, 145, 170:
- British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 38
- Brokaw, Tom, 110
- Brooks, Linton, 3, 120
- Brown, Harold, 19, 99
- Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 50
- Bukharin, Nikolai, 32, 127
- Burns, Arnold, 31
- Burns, William F., 143, 167, 173:
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 175
- Bush, George H.W., 9,
13, 19, 23, 30, 34, 41, 60, 65, 131, 137, 147, 148, 160, 173:
- Bush administration (George H.W.) (1989–1993), 178, 180, 181, 183
- Chemical weapons, views on, 173, 181
- Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 113, 180, 182
- Governor’s Island meeting (1988), participant in, 181
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 67
- National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, 31, 35, 116
- Olympic Games (1988), views on, 138
- Shevardnadze, Eduard, meeting with, 138, 170
- United Nations, views on, 114
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 99, 100, 107, 108, 110, 114, 115
- Byrd, Robert, 139
- Cambodia, 35, 39, 44, 72, 80, 110, 123, 138, 146, 157, 177 (see also Vietnam-Cambodia conflict):
- Camp David, 79, 85, 123, 125
- Canada, 6, 113, 150, 172, 183
- Carlucci, Frank, 11,
13, 16, 17, 23, 25, 26, 42, 49, 59, 67, 73, 75, 88, 94, 124, 144, 149, 160:
- Carter, Jimmy, meeting with, 50, 58
- Confidence-building measures, and, 110
- Department of Defense, appointed to, 98
- Dubinin, Yuri, meeting with, 18, 52
- Gorbachev, Mikhail, views on, 60, 97
- Gorbachev’s “new thinking,” views on, 34
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 65, 66
- Linkage, views on, 84
- Memorandum prepared by, 53, 60, 65
- Moscow Summit (1988)
- National Security Council, appointed to, 9
- National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, 31, 35, 61, 79, 116, 120, 154, 166
- Reagan, Ronald
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 74, 75, 76, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 89, 90, 91, 138, 177
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, 34, 52, 60, 65, 97
- Washington Summit (1987)
- Yazov, Dmitry, counterpart to, 108, 133, 136, 138, 139, 149, 151, 177
- Carter, Jimmy, 30, 84, 108, 120:
- Casey, William, 23, 31, 61
- Castillo, Jay, 175, 183
- CBM. See Confidence-building measures
- Central America, 48, 67, 74, 91, 111, 114, 115:
- Central American Peace Accords (1987), 132, 139, 146
- Central Committee, 23
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 27, 103, 118:
- Chemical weapons (CW), 6, 55:
- Arms control and disarmament, and, 169, 177
- Conference on Disarmament in Europe (1984–), and, 143, 150, 173, 176
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, 7, 45, 64, 70, 82, 88, 108
- Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 40, 70, 108, 137, 138, 139, 145, 146, 158, 173, 176, 181
- Libya, 82, 158, 173, 176, 181, 183
- Moscow Summit (1988), and, 158
- Nonproliferation, 40, 150, 158, 161, 162, 181
- Saudi Arabia, 145, 158, 162
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, and, 122, 125, 134, 141, 146, 149, 178
- United Kingdom and, 40, 45, 108, 125, 134, 150
- Verification and verification protocols, 7, 45, 63, 82, 108, 134, 146, 158, 162, 181
- Washington Summit (1987), and, 89, 108
- Chernenko, Konstantin, 29, 41, 147
- Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986):
- Chernyaev, Anatoly, 42, 99:
- Chervov, Nikolai, 138, 141, 149:
- China, 39, 44, 58, 94, 95, 108, 123:
- Chirac, Jacques, 7
- Churkin, Vitaly, 12
- CIA. See Central Intelligence Agency
- Cisneros, Henry, 113
- Civil aviation, 105:
- Terrorism and, 7
- Clandestine intelligence collection, 116:
- Committee for State Security, Soviet Union and, 166
- Cobb, Tyrus “Ty,” 153
- Cockell, William, 3
- COCOM. See Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls
- Coffey, Steven, 141, 153
- Combs, Richard, 2, 41
- Committee for State Security, Soviet Union (KGB, Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti), 2, 15, 20, 27, 29, 32, 53, 84, 104:
- Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU,
Kommunisticheskaya partiya Sovetskogo
Soyuza), 6, 29, 117, 158, 160:
- Communist Party of the Soviet Union Conference (1988), 157
- Comprehensive Test Ban (CTB), 40
- Conference on Disarmament in Europe (1984–), 66, 134, 144, 158:
- Conference on Security and Co-operation in
Europe, 111, 183:
- Conventional weapons and, 40, 66, 82, 108, 123, 125, 139, 141, 144, 146, 147, 149, 150, 162, 172, 177
- Human rights included in, 38, 40, 55, 80, 85, 133, 134, 143, 144, 153
- Moscow human rights conference (proposed), precursor to, 6, 8, 38, 63, 80, 97, 183
- Moscow Summit (1988), and, 157, 158, 162, 175
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, 138, 139, 146, 152, 162, 170
- Turkey and, 172, 178, 183
- United Kingdom and, 178
- Conference on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (1989), 183
- Confidence-building measures (CBM), 151, 175:
- Contadora, 44, 82, 115, 123, 139
- COntinuous Reflectometry for Radius vs. Time EXperiment system (CORRTEX), 40, 42, 120, 122, 132, 134, 139
- Contras, 114, 139
- Conventional weapons, 6:
- Arms control and disarmament, 40, 50, 64, 80, 85, 88, 103, 144, 158, 172, 177, 183
- Arms race and, 3, 100, 151
- Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, and, 40, 66, 82, 108, 123, 125, 139, 141, 144, 146, 147, 149, 150, 162, 172, 177
- Human rights and, 143, 146, 147, 150, 161, 172, 178
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, 3, 7, 39, 40, 64, 81, 88, 108
- Moscow Summit (1988), and, 158, 161
- Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions (1973–1989), and, 81, 85, 136, 139
- Naval forces related to, 134, 136, 146, 161, 162
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization and, 3, 7, 108, 123, 138, 147, 158, 161, 175
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, and, 123, 125, 134, 172
- Verification and verification protocols, 7, 40
- Washington Summit (1987), and, 100, 108, 123
- Cooper, Henry “Hank,” 68:
- Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (COCOM), 104
- Cordovez, Diego, 110:
- CORRTEX. See COntinuous Reflectometry for Radius vs. Time EXperiment system
- Counterintelligence, 33, 61
- CPSU. See Communist Party of the Soviet Union
- Crocker, Chester “Chet,” 26:
- Crowe, William, 120, 143:
- Cruise missiles, 9, 68
- CTB. See Comprehensive Test Ban
- Cuba, 58, 61, 80, 160:
- CW. See Chemical weapons
- Cyprus, 139, 146, 151, 183
- Czechoslovakia, 40, 42, 43, 46, 169, 183:
- Daniloff, Nicholas, 35, 38, 74, 139:
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, impact on, 33
- Danilov Monastery, 155, 159
- Death penalty, 80, 111, 121, 133, 138, 144
- Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988):
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) and, 36, 51, 97, 125, 136, 140, 158, 173
- Arms control and disarmament and, 1, 5, 45, 79, 90, 110, 122, 131, 134, 140, 157, 158, 176
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, 26, 34, 84
- Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) and, 17, 118, 142
- Research and development, and, 79, 103, 110, 122, 132, 140, 142, 173, 177, 181
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, 64, 81, 84, 90, 110, 120, 131, 132, 134, 143, 144, 146, 149, 150, 173, 177
- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), and, 18, 45, 67, 79, 114, 118, 158
- Strategic Defense Initiative, and, 21, 120, 143
- Washington Summit Joint Statement (1987), covered by, 152, 153, 173, 177
- Defense Intelligence Agency, 26
- Democratic Kampuchea. See Cambodia
- Democratic Party, 8, 100
- Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. See North Korea
- Deng Xiaoping, 94, 175, 179
- Department of Defense, 61, 76:
- Department of Justice, 144:
- Espionage, and, 31
- Department of State:
- Arms control and disarmament, and, 84
- Consular offices, 74, 85, 99, 112, 143
- Counterintelligence, role in, 28, 31, 53, 61
- Gorbachev’s “new thinking” and, 41, 108, 121, 124, 127, 181
- Human rights, views on, 121, 133, 172
- Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), response to, 27, 28, 31, 43, 49, 61, 62
- Moscow Summit (1988), and, 135, 146
- Paper prepared in, 8
- Reagan administration (1981–1988), role in, 30
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), role in, 1
- U.S. Embassy, Moscow, 38
- Visa clearance, and, 7, 133, 147
- Derwinski, Edward, 29, 32
- Detente, 34, 103, 117
- Deterrence, 8, 79, 149:
- Ballistic missiles role in, 3
- Developing countries, 63, 177:
- Soviet Union and, 103
- DiMaggio, Joe, 109
- Dissident movements, 29, 32, 38
- Dobrynin, Anatoly, 9,
15, 16, 26, 114:
- Governor’s Island meeting (1988), participant in, 181
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 36, 42
- Kennedy, Edward “Ted” and, 51, 57
- Massie, Suzanne, meeting with, 129
- Matlock, Jack, meeting with, 36, 51, 96
- Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, 158, 162
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 125, 147, 179
- Soviet private channel, and, 11, 51
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 105, 107, 108, 110, 114, 115
- Donahue, Phil, 116
- Duarte, José Napoleón, 79
- Duberstein, Kenneth, 30, 53, 55, 67, 90, 94, 117:
- Dubinin, Liana, 130, 170, 174
- Dubinin, Yuri, 3,
4, 56, 59, 60, 67, 90, 100, 124:
- Armacost, Michael “Mike,” meeting with, 119
- Carlucci, Frank, meeting with, 18, 52
- Gorbachev’s “new thinking,” views on, 18
- Governor’s Island meeting (1988), participant in, 181
- Matlock, Jack counterpart to, 42, 111, 112
- Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, 158, 162
- Parris, Mark, meeting with, 12
- Powell, Colin, meeting with, 104, 118
- Ridgway, Rozanne “Roz,” meeting with, 12
- Shultz, George, meeting with, 1, 16, 165, 167
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 40, 41, 44, 68, 70, 72, 75, 76, 84, 89, 91, 121, 125, 138, 145, 146, 147, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, 52
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 105, 108, 112, 115
- Whitehead, John, meeting with, 130
- Eastern Europe, 93, 94, 95:
- East Germany, 46, 67, 76, 183:
- East-West relations, 6, 26, 55, 63, 94, 97, 106, 110, 178, 183
- East-West trade, 41, 42:
- Economic affairs, 183:
- Egypt, 44, 77, 82, 84, 118, 125, 145, 157
- Elleman-Jensen, Uffe, 173
- El Salvador, 146, 151:
- Emery, David, 79, 120
- Emigration, 8, 85, 121, 180:
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), 89
- Israel and, 38, 67, 80, 133, 146, 172
- Jackson-Vanik Amendment (1974), 41, 97, 108
- Jewish emigration from Soviet Union, 1, 24, 32, 43, 67, 80, 89, 123, 143, 144, 146
- Most Favored Nation status, precursor to, 154
- Washington Summit (1987), included in, 107, 111
- Energy technology, 113
- England. See United Kingdom
- Environmental affairs, 178
- Ermarth, Fritz, 34,
52, 67, 80, 90, 97, 103:
- Kryuchkov, Vladimir, meeting with, 104, 118
- Ligachev’s challenge to Gorbachev (1987), views on, 117
- National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, 35, 61, 79
- Policy Review Group meeting, participant in, 24
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 44, 45, 72, 138
- Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, views on, 30
- Washington Summit (1987), notetaker for, 107, 110, 114
- Espionage, 53
- Ethiopia, 38, 151:
- Eureka College, 39
- Europe, 6, 51, 66, 103, 117, 121, 163, 177, 179, 180:
- Evans, T. Cooper, 113
- Family reunification, 1, 6, 38, 66, 138, 145, 172, 177
- FBI. See Federal Bureau of Investigation
- FBS. See Forward-based systems
- Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 31:
- Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), response to, 61
- Federal Republic of Germany. See West Germany
- Fedorenko, Feodor, 133
- Feltsman, Vladimir, 38
- Filaret, Metropolitan, 159
- Finnbogadóttir, Vigdís, 1
- Fitzwater, Marlin, 56, 67, 79, 143, 154, 166:
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 177
- Ford, Gerald, 50, 145
- Ford Motor Company, 124
- Forward-based systems (FBS), 42
- “Four-part agenda”:
- France, 7, 8, 11, 38, 40, 121, 134:
- FSLN. See Sandinista National Liberation Front
- Fuller, Craig, 31, 35, 61, 116, 143, 166
- Fylingdales radar, 167, 173, 177
- G–7 Economic Summit (1987), 52, 54, 109
- Gaffney, Frank, 24, 67
- Galbraith, John Kenneth, 181
- Gale, Robert, 163, 164
- Gandhi, Rajiv, 58
- Gary Powers U-2 incident (1960), 84
- Gates, Robert, 9, 23:
- GATT. See General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947)
- Gaza, 125, 137, 145
- GDR. See East Germany
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) (GATT), 42, 97
- General Motors, 113, 124
- Geneva Accords (1988), 177:
- Geneva Summit (1985), 6, 12, 37, 90, 102, 154:
- Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 68, 71, 138, 151, 175
- George, Douglas, 3, 35
- Georgia, 29, 67, 145, 147, 163, 174, 183:
- Gerasimov, Gennadi, 67, 177
- German Democratic Republic. See East Germany
- German P1 issue, 80:
- GKNT. See Soviet State Committee for Science & Technology
- Glasnost, 26, 45, 47, 58, 93, 116 (see also
Gorbachev’s “new thinking”):
- Military capabilities, impact on, 97
- GLBM. See Ground-launched ballistic missiles
- GLCM. See Ground-launched cruise missiles
- Glitman, Maynard “Mike,” 22, 68, 80, 98, 100, 101, 150:
- Global double zero option, 68, 108, 142:
- Global zero option, 39, 42, 44, 51, 68, 142
- Glukhov, Yuri, 171:
- Golan Heights, 44, 125
- Golovko, Yevgeny, 85
- Gomel radar, 82, 118, 160, 173, 175
- Gomery, Ralph, 99
- Good, Mary, 99, 113
- Gorbachev, Mikhail, 3, 9, 13,
15, 16, 30, 45, 46 (see also
Gorbachev’s “new thinking”):
- Arafat, Yasser, meeting with, 145
- Armenian earthquake (1988), response to, 182
- Arms control and disarmament, views on, 26, 41, 44, 64, 74, 81, 86, 88, 97, 133, 138, 147, 156
- Brezhnev Doctrine, views on, 77
- Bush, George H.W., meeting with, 113, 180, 182
- Business community, meeting with, 97, 160
- Chernobyl nuclear accident (1986) impact on, 164
- Communist Party of the Soviet Union Conference (1988), speaker at, 157, 160
- East-West trade, views on, 19, 42, 175
- Economic reform, advocate for, 32, 160, 175
- Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), views on, 60, 125
- Krasnoyarsk radar, speaker at, 175
- Ligachev’s challenge to Gorbachev (1987), 117
- Ligachev, Yegor, 108
- Linkage, and, 22, 23, 34, 35
- Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, 156, 158, 160, 162, 163
- Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), views on, 17, 142
- Perestroika, 66, 107, 160, 163, 181
- Politburo, relations with, 23
- Powell, Colin, meeting with, 105, 107, 125
- Reagan administration (1981–1988), relations with, 34, 42, 55, 84, 97, 121, 125, 156, 157, 158, 160
- Reagan, Nancy, and, 109, 163, 165
- Reagan, Ronald
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), views on, 19
- Shultz, George, meeting with, 42, 43, 84, 125, 127, 147, 183
- Soviet Central Committee Plenum (April 1985), speaker at, 41
- Soviet foreign policy, impact on, 18, 117, 125, 153
- Soviet grain embargo (1979), response to, 19
- Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, and, 119, 125
- Strategic Defense Initiative, views on, 42, 84, 110, 158
- Supreme Soviet, meeting with, 76, 133, 137
- Thatcher, Margaret, relations with, 42, 125, 181
- United Nations General Assembly, speaker at, 178, 179, 180, 181, 183
- U.S. Congress, meeting with, 89, 99, 100, 104, 115
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, 42, 84, 88, 106, 147, 156, 158
- Verification and verification protocols, and, 5, 39
- Verity, C. William, meeting with, 154
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 107, 108, 109, 110, 114, 115
- Gorbachev, Raisa, 37, 106, 109, 164, 182:
- Gorbachev’s “new thinking,” 13, 108, 121, 124:
- Central Intelligence Agency response to, 93
- Department of State, and, 41, 108, 121, 124, 127, 181
- Detente, impact on, 77, 97, 103, 117
- East-West trade, impact on, 41
- Economic affairs, and, 103, 104, 117, 160, 183
- Human rights, and, 18, 25, 32, 38, 43, 66, 107, 111, 127, 161, 172, 178, 179
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), impact on, 117
- Moscow human rights conference (proposed), 35, 41, 121, 133, 136, 172, 178
- Politburo and, 181
- Reagan Doctrine, 77
- Soviet Central Committee Plenum (April 1985), 41
- Soviet foreign policy, impact on, 47, 157, 160, 170, 181
- Soviet Union and, 18, 66, 67, 94, 95, 97, 103, 104, 106, 116, 117, 125, 127, 129, 144, 153, 160, 166
- U.S. presidential election (1988), impact on, 117
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, impact on, 18, 111, 124, 144, 149, 153
- Gorbachev’s Proposal to Eliminate Nuclear Weapons by the Year 2000, 45
- Gordievskaya, Leyla, 38, 67, 80, 89, 165, 172, 183
- Governor’s Island meeting (1988), 178, 179, 180, 181, 182:
- Graham, Katherine, 149
- Graham, William, 35, 79, 120, 143, 154
- Great Britain. See United Kingdom
- Greece, 139, 146, 174, 183
- Greenland, 167
- Gregg, Donald, 79:
- Grinevskiy, Oleg, 126:
- Gromyko, Andrei, 31, 63, 138, 170:
- Groshev, Andrey, 178, 179
- Ground-launched ballistic missiles (GLBM), 83, 100
- Ground-launched cruise missiles (GLCM), 1, 39, 81, 82, 83, 91, 98, 100
- Guhin, Michael, 24
- Hammer, Armand, 99, 124
- Hanmer, Stephen, 173
- Hartman, Arthur, 1, 4, 6, 15, 42, 61:
- Hekmatyar, Gulbuddin, 123, 151:
- Helsinki Acts (1975), 25, 32, 40, 41, 80, 155, 177:
- Henhoeffer, Mary, 116, 166
- Herbst, John, 115, 154
- Herres, Robert, 31, 61, 166
- Herrington, John, 3, 120
- Hill, M. Charles, 106
- Holmes, H. Allen, 44, 121, 134, 153, 173:
- Honduras, 114:
- Hopkins, William, 41, 78, 105, 135, 146, 147, 159, 174, 175, 178, 179:
- Washington Summit (1987), interpreter for, 112
- Horowitz, Lawrence “Larry,” 57:
- Howe, Jonathan, 61, 120, 143, 154, 166
- Howe, Sir Geoffrey, 7, 122
- Human rights:
- Brezhnev, Leonid and, 29, 32
- Broadcasting, 25, 38, 74, 180
- Communications and postal systems, 85
- Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, included in, 38, 40, 55, 80, 85, 133, 134, 143, 144, 153
- Conventional weapons, and, 143, 146, 147, 150, 161, 172, 178
- Death penalty, 80, 111, 121, 133, 138, 144
- Department of State views on, 121, 133, 172
- Dissident movements, and, 29, 32, 35, 38
- Dual national, and, 1, 38, 144, 178
- Emigration, 6, 38, 85, 89, 107, 111, 121, 133, 143, 144, 172, 180
- Family reunification, and, 25, 38, 45, 66, 80, 107, 121, 133, 138, 145, 172, 177, 178
- Freedom of expression, and, 29, 32
- Gorbachev’s “new thinking” and, 18, 25, 32, 38, 43, 66, 107, 111, 127, 161, 172, 178, 179
- Helsinki Acts (1975), included in, 32, 108, 138, 147, 172, 177, 183
- Homelessness, 111
- Human rights violations, 147
- Immigration, 107, 160
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, 8, 25, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 55, 66
- Jewish emigration from Soviet Union, 42, 67, 80, 89, 121
- Moscow Summit (1988), 143, 153
- Most Favored Nation status, related to, 41, 160
- Political prisoners, and, 25, 32, 38, 111, 121, 133, 136, 138, 144, 145, 157, 172
- Psychiatric abuse, 38, 85, 121, 131, 133, 136, 144, 148, 172, 183
- Refuseniks, 38, 58, 138, 172, 178, 183
- Religious freedom, 25, 32, 38, 107, 111, 121, 129, 133, 136, 138, 144, 149, 153, 159, 172
- Sakharov, Andrei advocate for, 97
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, 133, 144, 145, 147, 172
- Soviet Union and, 18, 29, 32, 38, 43, 66, 107, 111, 133, 144, 172, 179
- Trade unions, and, 133, 144, 147
- United States and, 156, 160
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 6, 21, 66, 74, 80, 90, 115, 121, 138, 144, 153, 168, 177
- U.S.-Soviet Union trade relations, impact on, 41, 154
- Visas, 107, 121, 133, 144, 172
- War crimes, 121, 133, 144, 172
- Washington Summit (1987), 21, 90, 92, 100, 107, 111
- Hungary, 6:
- Most Favored Nation status, 41
- Hun Sen, 123, 139, 175
- Hussein, Saddam, 77, 78, 137
- IAEA. See International Atomic Energy Agency
- ICBM. See Intercontinental ballistic missile
- Iklé, Fred, 24, 35, 79
- Incidents at Sea Agreement (1972) (INCSEA), 67, 84, 151
- INCSEA. See Incidents at Sea Agreement (1972)
- India, 132, 173, 175:
- INF. See Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (1987)
- Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM),
69, 79, 88, 102, 138, 176:
- SS–18 ICBM, 14, 146, 173
- SS–20 ICBM, 85, 91, 97, 98, 100, 101, 104, 105, 151, 152
- SS–25 ICBM, 85, 91, 98, 100, 101, 104, 105
- SS–4 ICBM, 68
- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991) and, 121, 152
- Sublimits, 17, 42, 67, 81, 84, 89, 96, 118, 122, 125, 131, 136, 141, 143, 152, 158
- Verification and verification protocols, 83, 120, 133, 134, 136, 141, 142, 153, 157, 161, 173
- Interim Agreement and Protocol on Limitation of Strategic Offensive Weapons (1972), 39
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987):
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) and, 4, 36, 45, 66, 102, 107
- Arms control and disarmament and, 4, 22, 45, 48, 54, 67, 68, 81, 96, 97, 101, 102, 125, 151
- Chemical weapons and, 7, 45, 64, 70, 82, 88, 108
- Conventional weapons and, 3, 7, 39, 40, 64, 81, 88, 108
- Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988) and, 26, 34, 84
- Emigration, 89
- German P1 issue impact on, 39, 55, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 74, 79, 81, 84, 98, 150
- Global double zero option and, 42, 45, 54, 68, 108, 142
- Gorbachev’s “new thinking” impact on, 117
- Human rights and, 8, 25, 35, 38, 40, 43, 45, 55, 66
- Linkage and, 5, 18, 21, 22, 23, 30, 35, 75
- Long-term Grain Agreement (1975) impact on, 24, 97
- Moscow Embassy security issues (1986) impact on, 31, 33, 35, 38, 42
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization and, 8, 45, 121
- Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) and, 17, 45, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 97, 98
- Nuclear testing, 4, 40, 42, 70, 74, 84, 85, 88, 107
- Pershing II missile, 42, 151
- Regional issues and, 30, 35, 72, 82
- Reykjavik Summit (1986) and, 5, 6, 7, 8, 66, 69, 74, 90, 102, 107
- Shultz, George and, 8, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 55
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials and, 21, 22, 65, 66, 69
- Soviet SS–20s in Asia, 42, 68
- Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan included in, 30, 44, 67, 72
- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), and, 34
- Strategic Defense Initiative and, 16, 23, 42, 79
- U.S. Congress and, 8, 40, 74, 97, 99, 121, 125, 149, 150, 155
- U.S.-NATO relations and, 23
- U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues role in, 7, 24, 38, 55
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations and, 8, 45, 90
- Verification and verification protocols included in, 1, 6, 22, 36, 42, 64, 74, 82, 89, 98, 101, 108, 110, 117, 122, 125, 133, 142, 143, 146, 152, 158, 173
- Washington Summit (1987) result of, 46, 75, 87
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty
(1987) (INF), 22, 103, 125, 177, 179:
- Advanced weaponry, 142, 144, 149, 150, 151, 152
- On-site inspections included in, 149, 151, 173
- Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (1991) and, 120
- Treaty compliance, 100, 102, 105
- Treaty ratification, 108, 118, 142, 144, 147, 157, 158, 162
- U.S. Congress advise and consent, 74, 118, 120, 125, 147, 150, 152, 155
- Verification and verification protocols included in, 4, 7, 36, 39, 42, 43, 45, 48, 52, 68, 69, 70, 74, 81, 83, 84, 88, 91, 100, 105, 107, 134, 138, 158, 162
- Washington Summit (1987), and, 46, 48, 55, 89, 90, 91, 92, 98, 99, 100, 110, 121, 122, 139
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 70
- International Business Machines Corporation, 99, 113
- International Monetary Fund, 97
- International Olympic Committee, 110, 111, 123
- Iran (see also Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988)):
- Iran-Contra Affair, 9, 19, 34, 38, 139
- Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988):
- Ceasefire, 78, 82, 145
- Chemical weapons and, 40, 70, 108, 137, 138, 139, 145, 146, 158, 173, 176, 181
- Pérez de Cuéllar, Javier mediator of, 44, 59, 72, 74, 78, 82, 111, 115, 123, 138, 139, 142, 145, 151
- Persian Gulf and, 44, 56, 59, 60, 72, 82, 91, 92, 115, 147
- Soviet Union and, 56, 59, 110
- United Nations Security Council and, 44, 56, 59, 72, 78, 82, 92, 110, 111, 115, 123, 125, 145
- United Nations and, 59, 63, 78, 110, 114, 115, 123, 162
- United States mediator of, 56, 110
- UNSC Resolution 598 (1987) impact on, 72, 78, 82, 110, 111, 139, 145, 162
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations and, 26, 44, 59, 60, 63, 67, 72
- Iraq (see also Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988)):
- Israel, 26, 40, 77, 97, 111, 114, 123, 137, 145, 157, 173:
- Italy, 11, 150, 178
- Jackson-Vanik Amendment (1974), 104, 154, 160:
- Jameson, Lisa, 129, 148
- Japan, 11, 51, 55, 58, 124, 145, 150, 151, 153:
- JCS. See Joint Chiefs of Staff
- Johnson, Lyndon Baines, 42, 163, 180
- Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 3, 9, 79:
- Arms control and disarmament, views on, 120
- Joint Verification Experiment (1988), 173:
- Jones, David, 19
- Jordan, 77, 78, 125, 137, 145, 157, 175
- Kamentsev, Vladimir, 99, 124:
- Kamman, Curtis, 40, 116
- Kampelman, Max, 9,
22, 29, 32, 45, 66, 67, 100, 132:
- Arms control and disarmament, expert on, 6, 11, 63, 70, 149, 151
- Defense and Space, expert on, 84, 134
- Horowitz, Lawrence “Larry,” meeting with, 51
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987)
- Kampelman-Vorontsov channel, 16, 17, 57, 98, 101
- Karpov, Viktor, counterpart to, 139, 149, 151
- Kirkpatrick, Jeane, meeting with, 17
- Linkage, views on, 55
- National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, 79, 120
- Obukhov, Alexey, counterpart to, 134
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 1
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 7, 68, 70, 85, 91, 101, 134, 138, 149, 151, 152, 174
- U.S. Nuclear and Space Talks Delegation, head of, 7, 12, 13, 42, 55, 91
- Kampuchea. See Cambodia
- Karpov, Viktor, 3,
42, 67, 69, 90, 98, 102, 108:
- Arms control and disarmament, and, 39, 40, 121, 134, 170, 171, 175, 183
- Holmes, H. Allen, meeting with, 161
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 4, 39, 68, 74, 101
- Kampelman, Max counterpart to, 139, 149, 151
- Nitze, Paul, counterpart to, 91
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 7, 39, 40, 44, 45, 68, 70, 74, 83, 91, 101, 121, 122, 123, 133, 134, 137, 138, 142, 144, 145, 146, 150, 151, 152, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 183
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 112
- Kashlev, Yuri, 157, 172
- Keel, Alton “Al,” Jr., 1, 3, 8, 9, 10
- Kelly, Barry, 31, 61, 116, 166:
- Kelly, Sandra, 35
- Kendall, Don, 13
- Kennedy, Edward “Ted”:
- Kerr, Richard, 24
- KGB. See Committee for State Security, Soviet Union
- Khalis, Mohammad, 123
- Khamenei, Ali, 78, 123
- Khmer Rouge, 44, 165, 175, 179
- Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 26, 123
- Khrushchev, Nikita, 29, 32, 97, 169
- Kim Il Sung, 123, 138, 139:
- Kirkland, Lane, 7
- Kirkpatrick, Jeane, 17:
- Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 19
- Kissinger, Henry, 19, 158
- Kohl, Helmut, 3, 138:
- Korchilov, Igor, 74, 112
- Kordek, John, 24
- Korean Airlines Flight 007 shootdown (1983), 35, 84, 123, 175
- Korean Airlines Flight 858 bombing (1987), 138
- Korniyenko, Georgiy, 118
- Kosygin, Alexei, 41, 117, 124
- Krasnoyarsk radar, 74:
- Kryuchkov, Vladimir, 118
- Kutovoy, Yevgeny, 68, 70:
- Kuwait, 78
- Kuznetsov, Vasily, 146, 156
- Kyiv, 1, 44, 141, 143, 147, 152, 161
- Laird, Melvin, 49, 61
- Lamb, Robert, 31
- Laxalt, Paul, 11
- Lebanon, 125, 174:
- France, diplomatic relations with, 44
- Ledogar, Stephen, 70, 150, 151, 172
- Ledsky, Nelson, 117, 154, 165:
- Lehman, Ronald, 17, 22, 68:
- Leningrad Consulate, 2
- Lenin, Vladimir, 97, 148
- Leontieff, Vassily, 124
- Lerner, Aleksandr, 89
- Levitsky, Melvyn, 46, 59, 87,
90, 106, 118, 181:
- Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), and, 27
- Libya, 44, 70:
- Ligachev, Yegor, 108:
- Ligachev’s challenge to Gorbachev (1987), 117
- Linhard, Robert, 9,
30, 52, 67, 80, 90, 98, 117:
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 40
- National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, 3, 35, 79, 120
- Nuclear Risk Reduction Center Agreement (1987), negotiator of, 63
- Policy Review Group meeting, participant in, 24
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 1
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 7, 39, 44, 45, 68, 70, 138
- Linnas, Karl, 133
- Lonetree, Clayton, 27, 28:
- Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant, 101, 151
- Long-range intermediate nuclear forces (LRINF), 39, 42, 44, 45, 51, 55, 67, 74, 80:
- Long-term Grain Agreement (1975), 24, 97
- Longtree, Clayton. See Lonetree, Clayton
- LRINF. See Long-range intermediate nuclear forces
- Lynch, Virginia, 144
- Major, David, 28, 31, 49
- Mamedov, Georgiy, 90:
- Marine Corps, 31, 33
- Marine Search and Rescue Agreement (1988), 157
- Maritime boundaries, 1, 100, 143, 161, 176
- Martin, William, 35, 79, 143
- Massie, Suzanne, 20, 129
- Masterkov, Lev, 39,
68, 70:
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 45
- Mathias, Charles, 19
- Matlock, Jack, 8,
9, 20, 66, 67, 80, 106, 124, 159:
- Dobrynin, Anatoly, meeting with, 36, 51, 96
- Dubinin, Yuri, counterpart to, 42, 111, 112
- Governor’s Island meeting (1988), participant in, 181
- Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), response to, 35, 183
- Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, 158, 161, 162
- National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, 31
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 1
- Shevardnadze, Eduard, meeting with, 142
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 7, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 68, 70, 75, 76, 84, 85, 89, 91, 99, 100, 101, 121, 122, 123, 125, 138, 142, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 183
- U.S. Embassy, Moscow, appointed to, 15, 31
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, 36, 77, 86, 147
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 105, 108, 111, 115
- Matthews, Gary, 62
- McFarlane, Robert “Bud,” 31, 39:
- Reagan, Ronald, correspondence with, 14
- Medvedev, Vladimir, 126:
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 122
- Meese, Edwin “Ed,” 35, 143, 154, 166
- Meiman, Naum, 38, 67, 80, 89
- Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation to Combat Illegal Narcotics Trafficking (1989), 183
- Mengistu Haile Mariam, 151
- MFN. See Most Favored Nation status
- Michelson, Anatoliy, 89
- Middle East, 14:
- Economic aid, and, 44, 74
- Islamic fundamentalists, 111, 145, 147
- Nuclear proliferation in, 111, 150, 158
- Peace plan, 26, 55, 72, 77, 97, 125, 133, 137, 143, 145, 162, 175, 181
- Regional issues, 42, 44, 72, 74, 80, 89, 100, 114, 123, 125, 130, 131, 132, 137, 138, 139, 144, 151, 153, 165, 181
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), role in, 1
- Soviet Union and, 130, 131, 145, 162, 181
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 42, 110, 111, 114, 115, 131, 142, 145, 161, 162
- Weinberger, Caspar and, 78
- Mikol’chak, Vitaliy, 2:
- Military Liaison Mission (MLM), 76
- Military Staff Committee, 82
- Miller, James, 3, 35, 61, 79, 116, 154
- MIRV. See Multiple independently targeted re-entry vehicles
- MLM. See Military Liaison Mission
- Moellering, John, 1:
- Moffitt, William, 139
- Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), 10, 20, 27:
- Central Intelligence Agency response to, 27, 61
- Department of Defense response to, 31
- Department of State response to, 27, 28, 31, 43, 49, 61, 62
- Federal Bureau of Investigation response to, 61
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), impact on, 31, 33, 35, 38, 42
- Lonetree, Clayton role in, 10, 31, 33
- National Security Council response to, 49
- National Security Planning Group response to, 61
- Naval Investigative Services response to, 28, 53
- President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board and, 49, 61
- Reagan, Ronald response to, 37, 61
- U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, 38
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, impact on, 28, 31, 33, 38, 42, 43, 45, 49
- Moscow State University, 161, 163
- Moscow Summit (1988), 155, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164:
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) and, 141, 142, 157, 158, 162
- Arms control and disarmament, 120, 138, 141, 146, 150, 156, 158, 161
- Bilateral work agreements signed at, 149, 153, 162, 168
- Chemical weapons and, 158
- Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe and, 157, 158, 162, 175
- Conventional weapons and, 158, 161
- Department of State and, 135, 146
- Economic affairs, 124
- Gorbachev, Mikhail participant in, 156, 158, 160, 162, 163
- Human rights, 143, 153
- Joint Verification Experiment (1988) and, 147, 157, 161, 162
- Marine Search and Rescue Agreement (1988), 157
- Moscow Summit Joint Statement (1988), 157, 161, 162
- National Security Council views on, 97
- National Security Planning Group views on, 120, 154
- Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) and, 137, 142, 150
- Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, 128, 135, 146, 154
- Reagan-Gorbachev meeting, 156, 158, 160, 162, 163
- Reagan, Nancy role in, 144, 147
- Reagan, Ronald participant in, 156, 158, 160, 162, 163
- Regional issues and, 151, 153, 161, 162
- Scheduling, 135, 142, 144, 147, 149, 157
- Shevardnadze, Eduard participant in, 157, 158, 161, 162, 163, 164
- Shultz, George
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, and, 168
- Southern Africa included in, 153, 157, 162
- Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan impact on, 123, 143, 157
- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991) and, 110, 126, 128, 149, 162
- Strategic Defense Initiative, 158
- Summit planning, 89, 120, 126, 130, 131, 132, 135, 137, 139, 141, 143, 144, 149, 150
- U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues role in, 140, 142, 143, 147, 153, 154, 161
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations and, 168, 177, 181
- Washington Summit (1987) and, 89
- Working Groups (Soviet) participant in, 157, 161
- Working Groups (U.S.) participant in, 157, 161
- Most Favored Nation status (MFN), 41, 154, 160
- Mubarak, Hosni, 118
- Mujahideen, 26, 115, 130, 183:
- Multiple independently targeted re-entry vehicles (MIRV), 6, 42, 81
- Murphy, Richard, 123, 131, 132, 141, 142:
- Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions (1973–1989), 70, 146, 147, 150, 158:
- MX missile, 39, 84, 101, 146
- Nagorno-Karabakh region, 174
- Nagradov, Sergei, 99, 151
- Najibullah, Mohammad, 26, 137, 183:
- Namibia, 82, 137, 139, 162, 175, 178, 183:
- National Security Agency (NSA), 31, 61
- National Security Council (NSC), 8, 9, 11, 31, 98, 104, 167:
- National Security Decision Directive:
- NSDD 288, “My Objectives at the Summit,” 92
- National security interests:
- National Security Planning Group (NSPG), 34, 49, 62, 116, 143:
- National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA, União Nacional para a Independência Total de Angola), 150:
- NATO. See North Atlantic Treaty Organization
- Naval forces, 145, 151, 160, 161, 162, 173, 175, 181
- Naval Investigative Services, 27
- Nazarkin, Yuri, 68, 70:
- Negroponte, John, 117, 120, 129, 154, 166
- Netherlands, 23
- New York Times, 10, 20
- Nicaragua, 14, 35, 38, 58, 67, 115, 146:
- Nitze, Paul, 6, 11, 66, 98, 157:
- Akhromeyev, Sergei counterpart to, 1, 6, 42, 84, 100, 107, 114, 161
- Arms control and disarmament, expert on, 39, 80, 81, 91, 100, 121, 125, 138, 149, 150, 161, 170, 171, 176
- Defense and Space, and, 9, 40, 139, 152
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 7, 24, 39, 42, 67, 74, 101, 102
- Karpov, Viktor counterpart to, 91
- Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, 161
- National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, 35, 79, 120
- Obukhov, Alexey counterpart to, 149, 176
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 1
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 7, 39, 40, 44, 45, 68, 70, 74, 81, 83, 84, 85, 91, 101, 102, 123, 125, 126, 138, 147, 152, 170, 171, 173, 174, 176
- Soviet private channel, and, 51
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 112
- Nixon administration (1969–1974), 66, 122, 139
- Nixon, Richard, 11, 50, 104, 147
- Norodom Sihanouk, 44, 123, 139, 175:
- North Atlantic Council, 8, 38, 55, 150
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
(see also
U.S.-NATO relations):
- Arms control and disarmament, and, 6, 7, 8, 42, 45, 55, 91, 107, 134, 150, 161, 178
- Conventional weapons, and, 3, 7, 108, 123, 138, 147, 158, 161, 175
- European security, 50, 97, 100
- Flexible response, 50
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, 8, 45, 121
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 6
- Shultz, George report to, 101, 141, 143
- Soviet Union, relations with, 7, 23, 34, 97, 108, 134, 138, 146
- United Kingdom member of, 3
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 7, 8, 33, 39, 52, 55, 63, 79, 89, 121, 178, 180
- Warsaw Treaty Organization and, 40, 146
- North Korea, 40, 82, 111, 115, 162:
- Norway, 39
- NPT. See Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (1968)
- NRRC. See Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers
- NSA. See National Security Agency
- NSC. See National Security Council
- NSPG. See National Security Planning Group
- Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), 12, 39, 66, 74, 80, 91, 112, 139, 161, 170, 176:
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) and, 15, 16, 42, 132, 173
- Ballistic missiles and, 21, 69, 80
- Bush administration (George H.W.) (1989–1993) impact on, 178
- Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), and, 17, 118, 142
- Gorbachev, Mikhail views on, 17, 142
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, 17, 45, 84, 85, 87, 88, 89, 97, 98
- Moscow Summit (1988), and, 137, 142, 150
- Reykjavik Summit (1986) impact on, 6, 45, 102
- Soviet SS–20s in Asia included in, 83
- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), and, 17, 63, 90, 110, 120, 121, 122, 125, 126, 132, 142, 146, 150, 152, 165, 178
- Strategic Defense Initiative and, 55
- Strategic offensive arms reductions, 45, 81, 84, 153
- Washington Summit (1987), and, 112, 153
- Nuclear energy safety:
- Nuclear nonproliferation, 6, 39, 40
- Nuclear Risk Reduction Center Agreement (1987), 63, 67, 73
- Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers (NRRC), 8, 40, 45, 55, 121, 132, 133, 151, 162, 172
- Nuclear testing, 44,
158:
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty non-withdrawal and, 3, 8, 17, 39, 45, 51, 52, 68, 139, 142, 146
- Comprehensive Test Ban, 40
- Conference on Disarmament in Europe (1984–), 70
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), 4, 40, 42, 70, 74, 84, 85, 88, 107
- Joint Verification Experiment (1988), and, 105, 120, 122, 132, 134, 136, 138, 139, 142, 145, 146, 147, 150, 152, 161, 175
- Nuclear weapon control, 107
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 1, 3, 5, 6
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, 122, 125, 134, 149, 152, 177
- Soviet Union and, 82
- Strategic defenses, and, 8, 9, 17, 39
- Verification and verification protocols, 1, 40, 42, 43, 45, 70, 120, 141, 161, 162
- Nudel, Ida, 38, 40, 67, 80
- Nunn, Sam, 17, 40, 125, 139:
- Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers, establisher of, 63
- Oakley, Robert, 30,
183:
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 123
- Obukhov, Alexey, 98:
- Defense and Space, and, 134, 142, 151
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 39, 68
- Kampelman, Max counterpart to, 134
- Nitze, Paul, counterpart to, 149, 176
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 44, 45, 68, 70, 121, 126, 134, 138, 139, 142, 149, 152, 176, 177
- Odom, William, 31, 61
- Olympic Games (1988), 110, 175:
- O’Neill, Thomas “Tip,” 120
- On-site inspections, 7, 121, 158, 183:
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (1987), included in, 149, 151, 173
- Longhorn Army Ammunition Plant, 101, 151
- Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (1991), included in, 120, 146, 173
- U.S. Navy role in, 122, 173
- Verification and verification protocols, included in, 36, 39, 42, 64, 70, 79, 81, 82, 83, 85, 88, 91, 98, 100, 101, 110, 120, 122, 125, 133, 134, 146, 149, 150, 152, 162, 173
- Votkinsk Machine Building Plant, 101, 151
- Organization of African Unity, 44
- Orlov, Yuri, 35
- Ortega Saavedra, Daniel, 82, 130, 151:
- Outer space:
- Pakistan, 7, 63, 145:
- Afghanistan and, 44, 72, 78, 110, 123, 132, 137, 139, 157, 175, 183
- India, conflict with, 26, 150
- Military assistance and sales, 26, 130, 139
- Nuclear capability, 82
- Nuclear nonproliferation, related to, 40
- Refugee resettlement, 110, 137, 175
- Soviet Union, diplomatic relations with, 72, 157, 162
- United States, diplomatic relations with, 30, 44, 67, 72, 132, 139, 175
- Zia, Muhammad and, 147, 163
- Palazhchenko, Pavel, 42:
- Governor’s Island meeting (1988), interpreter for, 180, 181
- Moscow Summit (1988), interpreter for, 156, 157, 160, 163
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, interpreter for, 6, 7, 46, 66, 67, 69, 75, 76, 78, 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 89, 90, 98, 99, 100, 101, 121, 125, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 138, 139, 142, 144, 145, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177
- Washington Summit (1987), interpreter for, 107, 108, 109, 110, 114
- Palenykh, Igor, 139:
- Palestine, 44, 97, 123, 125, 137, 145, 175
- Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 125, 137:
- Panama, 131, 146, 147
- Parris, Mark, 16, 24, 68, 87, 141, 153:
- Pascoe, Boris “Lynn,” 41
- Pasternak, Boris, 47
- PDPA. See People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan
- Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty (1976) (PNET), 70, 149, 173:
- Peltier, Leonard, 144, 172
- Penzias, Arnold, 99
- People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA):
- People’s Republic of China. See China
- Peres, Shimon, 123, 145, 175
- Perestroika, 41, 66, 84, 107, 160, 163, 181 (see also Gorbachev’s “new thinking”)
- Pérez de Cuéllar, Javier, 91:
- Perina, Rudolf, 156, 159, 160, 182
- Perle, Richard, 1, 11, 51:
- Persian Gulf, 58, 100, 111, 143:
- Peshawar Alliance, 132, 175
- Petrov, Sergey, 183
- Petrovsky, Vladimir, 78, 123, 173
- PFIAB. See President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
- Platt, Nicholas, 12
- PLO. See Palestine Liberation Organization
- PNET. See Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty (1976)
- Poindexter, John, 1, 4, 6, 139:
- Poland, 7, 38
- Policy Planning Staff (S/P), 89
- Policy Review Group, 33:
- Meetings, 24
- Politburo, 110, 114, 115, 117, 154, 158, 162:
- Political prisoners, 136, 144, 157:
- Pol Pot, 44, 82, 175, 179
- Polyakov, Vladimir, 75:
- Pope John Paul II, 120
- Posner, Vladimir, 116
- Powell, Alma, 174
- Powell, Colin, 30,
33, 65, 103, 106, 117, 124, 129, 148, 159, 165:
- Arms control and disarmament, and, 118, 121, 122, 123, 143
- Dubinin, Yuri, meeting with, 104, 118
- Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 105, 107, 125
- Korniyenko, Georgiy, meeting with, 118
- Kryuchkov, Vladimir, meeting with, 104
- Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, 157, 158, 162
- National Security Council, appointed to, 98
- National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, 31, 61, 116, 120, 143, 154, 166
- Policy Review Group meeting, participant in, 24
- Shevardnadze, Eduard, meeting with, 136
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 98, 99, 100, 101, 122, 123, 125, 126, 132, 133, 134, 135, 137, 139, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 179
- Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, views on, 131
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 105, 107, 108, 110, 111, 115
- Pravda, 110
- President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB), 28, 33, 62:
- Press, Frank, 99
- Primakov, Evgeniy, 1,
111:
- Solomon, Richard counterpart to, 111
- Psychiatric abuse, 38, 85, 131, 133, 136, 144, 148, 172
- Racism, 133
- Rangoon bombing (1983), 138
- Reagan administration (1981–1988):
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty non-withdrawal, views on, 3, 6, 7, 17, 125
- Arms control and disarmament, 3, 11, 23, 39, 66, 110, 120, 128, 139, 157, 167
- Contras, and, 38, 92, 114, 139, 162
- Department of State role in, 30
- “Four-part agenda” and, 4, 18, 24, 30, 35, 37, 55, 63, 90, 92, 97, 143, 147, 154, 177
- Moscow Summit (1988), and, 128, 135, 146, 154
- Mujahideen, and, 30, 111, 114, 131, 132, 139, 175
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, relations with, 3, 7, 8, 17, 33, 39, 52, 55, 63, 79, 121, 178, 180
- Public diplomacy, and, 25
- Reagan Doctrine, 30, 77
- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), and, 35, 121
- Strategic Defense Initiative and, 17, 34, 39, 51, 79, 86, 118, 158
- U.S. Congress, relations with, 4, 8, 14, 26, 30, 49, 63, 120, 123, 158
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 4, 6, 17, 25, 26, 30, 35, 42, 66, 77, 84, 95, 97, 103, 117, 125, 129, 135, 143, 147, 154, 183
- Washington Summit (1987), and, 51, 55, 66, 97, 134, 143
- Reagan, Nancy, 20, 37, 67, 73, 159, 160, 177, 182:
- Reagan, Ronald, 12,
22, 46:
- Afghanistan, and, 30, 37
- Arms control and disarmament, 6, 37, 45, 54, 108
- Brandenburg Gate speech (1987), 54, 110, 177
- Carlucci, Frank, meeting with, 14, 20, 48, 77, 95
- Danilov Monastery, speaker at, 155
- Eureka College, speaker at, 39
- Global double zero option, 54
- Gorbachev, Mikhail
- Human rights, and, 138, 155
- Kim Il Sung, correspondence with, 110, 115
- McFarlane, Robert “Bud,” correspondence with, 14
- Memorandum of Notification, 93, 166
- Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), response to, 37, 61
- Moscow State University, speaker at, 161, 163
- Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, 156, 158, 160, 162, 163
- National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, 3, 31, 120
- Nuclear Risk Reduction Center Agreement (1987), 63, 67, 73
- Religious freedom, views on, 149, 156, 159, 177
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 1, 6
- Shevardnadze, Eduard, meeting with, 63, 67, 73, 75, 90, 138, 177
- Shultz, George, meeting with, 14, 19, 21, 25, 48, 77, 95
- Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, views on, 30, 110, 156
- Strategic Defense Initiative, and, 34, 39, 118
- Thatcher, Margaret, meeting with, 155
- United Nations General Assembly, speaker at, 63, 153
- U.S. Congress, relations with, 14, 19
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, 43, 147, 155
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 107, 108, 109, 110, 114, 115
- Redman, Charles, 142, 152, 183
- Refugee resettlement, 123, 137, 145, 151, 175
- Refuseniks, 29, 32, 35, 38, 172, 178, 183
- Regan, Donald, 3, 6, 9:
- Regional issues, 24,
98, 126:
- Afghanistan, 26, 63, 72, 114, 119, 123, 125, 131, 139, 141, 142, 145, 175
- Angola, 35, 82, 125, 139, 161, 175, 178
- Central America, 123, 131, 132, 140, 146, 151, 162, 177
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, 30, 35, 72, 82
- Middle East, 42, 44, 72, 74, 80, 89, 100, 114, 123, 125, 130, 131, 132, 137, 138, 139, 144, 151, 153, 165, 181
- Moscow Summit (1988), and, 151, 153, 161, 162
- Nagorno-Karabakh region, 174
- National reconciliation, 82, 123, 139, 162, 168
- Nicaragua, 82, 123, 162
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 1
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, and, 123, 142, 161, 174, 176
- Southeast Asia, 26, 82, 123, 165
- Southern Africa, 8, 44, 82, 111, 115, 123, 139, 146, 150, 153, 157, 161, 162, 177, 178, 183
- Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, 30, 41, 43, 44, 72, 77, 110, 140, 157, 162, 183
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 6, 8, 64, 67, 82, 94, 114, 115, 123, 131, 137, 139, 151, 153, 161, 165, 181, 183
- Washington Summit (1987), and, 55, 89, 90, 92, 100, 111, 114, 115
- Republican Party, 8, 95, 147
- Republic of Korea. See South Korea
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), 1, 12, 24:
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) and, 1, 66, 68, 89, 102
- Arms control and disarmament, impact on, 1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 14, 23, 34, 40, 43, 44, 45, 66, 67, 68, 74, 84, 87, 89, 90, 102, 158, 173
- Bomber counting rule, 79, 81, 84, 89, 102, 107, 134, 146
- Department of State role in, 1
- Gorbachev, Mikhail views on, 19
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, 5, 6, 7, 8, 66, 69, 74, 90, 102, 107
- Middle East role in, 1
- National Security Planning Group response to, 3
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization and, 6
- Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), impact on, 6, 45, 102
- Nuclear testing and, 1, 3, 5, 6
- Reagan, Ronald participant in, 1, 6
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, impact on, 41, 84, 102, 107, 146
- Soviet SS–20s in Asia, 1, 6, 51, 108
- U.S. Congress and, 3, 4, 120
- U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues role in, 1, 6, 66
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, impact on, 5, 6, 18, 34, 38, 55, 64, 66, 84, 99, 100, 157
- Verification and verification protocols included in, 1, 6, 42, 68
- Ridgway, Rozanne “Roz,” 29, 32, 42, 67, 90, 124, 138, 141, 153:
- Adamishin, Anatoly counterpart to, 98
- Bessmertnykh, Alexander, counterpart to, 6, 74, 89, 105, 107, 108, 111, 123, 126, 132, 145, 149, 150
- Dubinin, Yuri, meeting with, 12
- Governor’s Island meeting (1988), participant in, 181
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), participant in, 30
- Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, 157, 158, 161, 162
- Moscow Summit Joint Statement (1988), 162
- National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, 79, 120, 154
- Policy Review Group meeting, participant in, 24
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), participant in, 1, 35
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 7, 39, 40, 41, 44, 45, 68, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 89, 91, 98, 99, 100, 101, 122, 123, 125, 133, 134, 135, 137, 139, 142, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149, 150, 151, 152, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178, 183
- U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, and, 24, 39, 66, 121, 134, 139, 177, 183
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 105, 108, 111, 115
- Robinson, C. Paul, 161:
- Rodman, Peter, 117
- Romania, 172, 183
- Rondeau, Ann, 31
- Ross, Dennis, 145
- Rostow, Nicholas, 116, 166
- Rowny, Edward, 3, 67, 143:
- Rumsfeld, Donald, 11
- Russian Orthodox Church, 148, 159, 163
- Ruwe, L. Nicholas, 1
- Rybakov, Yuri, 111
- Ryzhkov, Nikolai, 26, 46, 66, 121, 160, 181:
- Sakharov, Andrei, 38, 127, 133, 178:
- SALT II (1979), 9, 39, 42, 58, 81, 85, 107 (see also Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (1969–1979))
- Samoilovich, Georgiy, 183
- Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN, Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional), 131, 139, 162
- Saudi Arabia, 78, 150, 162
- Savimbi, Jonas, 35:
- SCC. See Special Coordination Committee; Standing Consultative Commission
- Schifter, Richard, 38, 80, 144, 161, 172:
- Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, 123
- Human rights, and, 29, 32, 39, 121, 133, 143, 157, 170
- Information Memorandum prepared by, 29, 32
- Policy Review Group meeting, participant in, 24
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 85, 126, 170, 171, 176, 178
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 111
- Schlesinger, James, 49, 53, 55, 61
- Scowcroft, Brent, 180
- SDI. See Strategic Defense Initiative
- Sears World Trade, 124
- Senate Observer Group, 91
- Shah, Mohammed Zahir, 26, 72:
- Shamir, Yitzhak, 125, 131, 137, 145:
- Thatcher, Margaret, relations with, 77
- Shevardnadze, Eduard, 3, 4, 8,
11, 15, 16, 26, 35, 42, 55, 57, 87 (see also
Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials):
- Afghanistan, views on, 44
- Agreement for Cooperation in Basic Scientific Research (1989), signer of, 183
- Bush, George H.W., meeting with, 138, 170
- Cambodia, views on, 44
- Conference on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (1989), speaker at, 183
- Environmental affairs, views on, 178
- Geneva Accords (1988), signer of, 141, 142
- Gorbachev’s “new thinking,” and, 169
- Governor’s Island meeting (1988), participant in, 181
- Komsomol Congress, meeting with, 45
- Matlock, Jack, meeting with, 142
- Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation to Combat Illegal Narcotics Trafficking (1989), signer of, 183
- Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, 157, 158, 161, 162, 163, 164
- Nuclear Risk Reduction Center Agreement (1987), signer of, 63, 67
- Powell, Colin, meeting with, 136
- Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 63, 67, 73, 75, 90, 138, 177
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), views on, 39
- U.S. Congress, meeting with, 66
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, 89, 130, 169
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115
- Shevardnadze, Nanuli, 132, 163, 170, 174
- Short-range attack missile (SRAM), 39, 42
- Short-range intermediate nuclear forces (SRINF), 1, 8, 24, 36, 41, 48, 51, 67, 71:
- Shultz, George, 23,
37, 50, 56, 66, 118, 120, 160 (see also
Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials):
- Afanasenko, Peter interpreter for, 85, 124, 142, 149, 152
- Agreement for Cooperation in Basic Scientific Research (1989), signer of, 183
- Baker, James successor of, 178, 179, 180, 181, 183
- Communist Party of the Soviet Union Conference (1988), views on, 170
- Conference on the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (1989), views on, 183
- Dubinin, Yuri, meeting with, 1, 16, 165, 167
- East-West trade, views on, 41, 42
- Economic affairs, and, 41
- Foreign currency exchange, views on, 124
- Geneva Accords (1988), signer of, 141, 142
- Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 42, 43, 84, 125, 127, 147, 183
- Gorbachev’s “new thinking,” views on, 47
- Governor’s Island meeting (1988), participant in, 181
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, 8, 39, 40, 41, 42, 45, 46, 55
- Labor disputes, and, 133
- Memorandum of Understanding on Cooperation to Combat Illegal Narcotics Trafficking (1989), signer of, 183
- Memorandum prepared by, 55, 62, 63, 119, 127, 131, 136, 140, 153
- Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), views on, 62
- Moscow human rights conference (proposed), views on, 66, 141, 178
- Moscow Summit (1988)
- National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, 3, 31, 35, 120
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, report to, 101, 141, 143
- Nuclear Risk Reduction Center Agreement (1987), signer of, 63, 67
- Ortega Saavedra, Daniel, meeting with, 44, 139
- Reagan, Ronald
- Refuseniks, meeting with, 127
- Ryzhkov, Nikolai, meeting with, 41, 126, 127
- Soviet intelligentsia, meeting with, 127
- U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, views on, 41
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, 8, 41, 43, 47, 55, 63, 84, 87, 89, 94, 95
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115
- Shultz, Helena O’Bie, 40, 47, 99, 106, 163, 164, 174
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials:
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) impact on, 161, 168, 173
- Chemical weapons and, 122, 125, 134, 141, 146, 149, 178
- Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, 138, 139, 146, 152, 162, 170
- Conventional weapons and, 123, 125, 134, 172
- Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988), 64, 81, 84, 90, 110, 120, 131, 132, 134, 143, 144, 146, 149, 150, 173, 177
- Geneva (April and May, 1988), 142, 149, 150, 151, 152
- Geneva (November 1987), 98, 99, 100, 101, 102
- Human rights, 133, 144, 145, 147, 172
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, 21, 22, 65, 66, 69
- Memorandum of Understanding, 134, 138, 144, 146, 151
- Moscow (April 1987), 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46
- Moscow (April 1988), 144, 145, 146, 147
- Moscow (February 1988), 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126
- Moscow (May and June 1988), 157, 161
- Moscow (October 1987), 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85
- Moscow Summit (1988) and, 168
- Nuclear testing, 122, 125, 134, 149, 152, 177
- Paris (January 1989), 183
- Regional issues and, 123, 142, 161, 174, 176
- Reykjavik Summit (1986) impact on, 41, 84, 102, 107, 146
- Southern Africa included in, 137, 139, 141, 146, 150, 161, 175
- Strategic Defense Initiative related to, 90
- Vienna (November 1986), 6, 7
- Washington (December 1987), 105, 110, 111, 112
- Washington (December 1988), 178, 179
- Washington (March 1988), 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140
- Washington (October 1987), 89, 90, 91
- Washington (September 1987), 63, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 76, 78
- Washington (September 1988), 170, 171, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 177
- Washington Summit (1987), and, 51, 66, 134, 143
- Silins, Ints, 170,
171:
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 176
- Simons, Thomas, 16, 38, 66, 67, 106, 141, 153:
- SLBM. See Submarine-launched ballistic missile
- SLCM. See Submarine-launched cruise missiles
- SNDV. See Strategic nuclear delivery vehicle
- Sokolov, Sergei, 68,
70:
- Weinberger, Caspar, meeting with, 45
- Solidarity, 116
- Solomon, Richard, 29, 32, 41, 80, 86, 87, 124:
- South Africa, 40, 123, 150:
- Southern Africa, 123, 162:
- South Korea, 39:
- Soviet SS–20s in Asia:
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty compliance, 105
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), 42, 68
- Long-range intermediate nuclear forces, 1
- Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), included in, 83
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), 1, 6, 51, 108
- Verification and verification protocols, 39, 44, 68, 74, 91, 98
- Soviet State Committee for Science & Technology (GKNT, Gosudarstvennyi Komitet po Nauke i Tekhnike), 15
- Soviet Union, 93,
141, 147:
- Afghanistan, diplomatic relations with, 132
- China, relations with, 97, 175, 179
- Clandestine intelligence collection, allegations of, 38, 42
- Consumer goods, 13, 124
- Contadora, 115, 139
- Cuba, relations with, 44, 103, 130, 131, 146, 154
- Cultural heritage, 174
- Developing countries, and, 103
- Disinformation, 166
- Eastern Europe, relations with, 97, 178
- East Germany, diplomatic relations with, 7, 39, 42, 69, 98, 177
- Economic reform, 32, 41, 67, 97, 103, 104, 117, 124, 127, 129, 160, 175, 181, 183
- Emigration, and, 1, 24, 32, 38, 80, 121, 123, 133, 136, 143, 144, 146, 180
- Food industry, participant in, 113
- Food shortages, 124
- Free flow of information, 116
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (1947) and, 42, 97
- Global zero option, 39, 42, 43, 44, 51, 68, 142
- Gorbachev’s “new thinking,” and, 18, 66, 67, 94, 95, 97, 103, 104, 106, 116, 117, 125, 127, 129, 144, 153, 160, 166
- Housing, 124
- Human rights, and, 18, 29, 32, 38, 43, 66, 107, 111, 133, 144, 172, 179
- Intelligence collection, 33, 38, 42
- International Monetary Fund, admission to, 97
- International trade, participant in, 24, 41, 42, 97, 124
- Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 56, 59, 110
- Iran, diplomatic relations with, 78, 110, 114, 123, 139, 145, 162
- Israel, relations with, 44, 123, 125, 133, 162, 175
- Land reform, 124
- Legal reform, 80, 131, 160, 161, 172, 183
- Middle East, and, 130, 131, 145, 162, 181
- Military capabilities, 58, 97, 103, 110, 139, 178, 180, 181
- Most Favored Nation status, 41, 154
- Nicaragua, relations with, 44, 82, 103, 123, 129, 132, 140, 141, 151
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, relations with, 7, 23, 34, 97, 108, 134, 138, 146
- North Korea, relations with, 138, 179
- Nuclear testing, and, 82
- Olympic Games (1988), participant in, 111, 123
- Pakistan, diplomatic relations with, 72, 157, 162
- People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan, relations with, 110, 123, 131, 132
- Political prisoners and, 29, 80, 121, 138, 145, 172
- Refuseniks, response to, 29, 32, 42, 97, 178
- Religious freedom, 38, 148, 149, 156, 159, 172
- Russian Orthodox Church, 148, 159
- Social reform, 97, 124, 127, 160, 176
- South Korea, relations with, 179
- Soviet Central Committee Plenum (April 1985), 41
- Soviet foreign policy, 18, 34, 58, 67, 97, 103, 117, 119, 153, 160, 170, 181
- Soviet government reform, 32, 117, 124, 160, 163, 181, 183
- Soviet grain embargo (1979), 19, 31, 41
- Soviet intelligentsia, 32, 47, 127
- Soviet invasion/occupation of Afghanistan, 22, 58
- Soviet military, and, 97, 104
- Strategic Defense Initiative, response to, 34, 50, 58, 68, 86, 89, 103, 110, 134, 158
- Strategic defenses, capable of, 1, 6, 39, 42, 45, 108, 110, 158
- United Kingdom, relations with, 1, 150, 178
- United Nations Security Council, role in, 44, 59, 60, 78, 82, 84, 123, 138, 145
- United Nations, and, 26, 97
- UNSC Resolution 598 (1987) and, 111, 115, 123
- Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, mediator of, 82, 115, 157
- Vietnam, relations with, 82, 114, 115
- West Germany, relations with, 41, 69, 71, 74, 80, 151
- Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan:
- Cordovez, Diego mediator of, 44, 72, 123, 132, 137, 139, 145, 147, 175
- Geneva Accords (1988) precursor to, 123, 132, 137, 139, 140, 141, 145, 175, 183
- Gorbachev, Mikhail and, 119, 125
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), included in, 30, 44, 67, 72
- Linkage, 132
- Moscow Summit (1988), impact on, 123, 143, 157
- Prisoners of War/Missing in Action, 165
- Shah, Mohammed Zahir, 44, 132, 175
- United Nations Security Council role in, 119, 123
- United States role in, 44, 55, 110, 111
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations and, 26, 30, 44, 55, 67, 110, 125, 145, 175
- Washington Summit (1987), included in, 92, 110, 111, 115
- S/P. See Policy Planning Staff
- Space-strike arms, 39, 40, 42, 51, 69, 181:
- Arms race and, 110
- Spain, 40
- Special Coordination Committee (SCC), 39, 45, 67, 68, 89, 110, 134
- Spiers, Ronald, 61
- SRAM. See Short-range attack missile
- Sredin, Vasiliy, 75, 101:
- SRINF. See Short-range intermediate nuclear forces
- Stalin, Joseph, 67, 97, 104:
- Standing Consultative Commission (SCC), 81, 89:
- Stepanov, Teymuraz, 67, 90:
- Stevens, Paul, 116, 166
- Stolar, Abe, 38, 67, 80, 89, 156, 165, 172, 183
- Stone, Marvin, 24
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (1969–1979),
58, 68, 107, 108:
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972) and, 42
- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991),
5, 7, 58:
- Air-launched cruise missiles, and, 120, 131, 133, 134, 136, 138, 141, 142, 143, 146, 152, 153, 162, 173
- Arms control and disarmament and, 4, 36, 39, 55, 65, 120, 125, 152
- Ballistic missiles, 42, 161
- Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988) and, 18, 45, 67, 79, 114, 118, 158
- Intercontinental ballistic missile, and, 121, 152
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987) and, 34
- Moscow Summit (1988), and, 110, 126, 128, 149, 162
- Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) and, 17, 63, 90, 110, 120, 121, 122, 125, 126, 132, 142, 146, 150, 152, 165, 178
- Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, 35, 121
- Strategic Defense Initiative and, 55
- Strategic defenses and, 110, 153
- Strategic offensive arms reductions, 36, 89, 121, 146, 162
- U.S. Congress and, 120, 158, 173
- Verification and verification protocols included in, 110, 118, 120, 125, 128, 131, 132, 133, 134, 142, 144, 146, 152, 173
- Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (1991), 120, 147, 153:
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty non-withdrawal and, 64, 65, 67, 68, 74, 81, 84, 88, 89, 90, 102, 107, 110, 112, 121, 122, 125, 134, 136, 138, 139, 152, 157, 161
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (1987), and, 120
- Linkage, 74, 75, 81, 84, 107, 110, 152
- On-site inspections included in, 120, 146, 173
- Treaty compliance, 120
- Verification and verification protocols included in, 42, 68, 74, 81, 82, 84, 89, 98, 107, 110, 112, 120, 122, 133, 134, 136, 138, 142, 152
- Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 30:
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty compliance, and, 1, 3, 4, 21, 39, 42, 43, 68, 81, 84, 97, 118, 134
- Defense and Space Talks (1985–1988) and, 21, 120, 143
- Department of Defense views on, 84
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, 16, 23, 42, 79
- Linkage and, 23, 34, 45, 51, 67
- Moscow Summit (1988), 158
- Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), and, 55
- Reagan administration (1981–1988), and, 17, 34, 39, 51, 79, 86, 118, 158
- Research and development, 18, 42, 81, 158
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, related to, 90
- Soviet Union response to, 34, 50, 58, 68, 86, 89, 103, 110, 134, 158
- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), and, 55
- Strategic offensive arms reductions, related to, 6, 8, 14, 17, 18, 51, 65, 110, 134
- Teller, Edward contribution to, 158
- U.S. Congress and, 14, 43
- Washington Summit (1987), 89, 90, 92, 134
- Strategic defenses:
- Air and missile defense, 105, 107, 153
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972), whether permitted by, 1, 3, 4, 6, 39, 42, 43, 68, 81, 84, 89, 97, 105, 107, 118, 122, 134, 142
- Ballistic missiles and, 1, 5, 8, 9, 110
- Deterrence, 3, 8, 79, 92, 97, 149
- First strike capability, related to, 3, 39, 158
- Nuclear testing and, 8, 9, 17, 39
- Soviet Union capable of, 1, 6, 39, 42, 45, 108, 110, 158
- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), and, 110, 153
- Strategic nuclear delivery vehicle (SNDV), 74, 143
- Strategic offensive arms reductions:
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty non-withdrawal associated with, 8, 36, 42, 84, 89, 102, 108, 132, 136, 138, 152, 161, 168
- Arms control and disarmament, 3, 6, 8, 14, 36, 37, 39, 42, 45, 51, 64, 67, 68, 74, 75, 81, 84, 88, 89, 90, 102, 107, 110, 112, 121, 128, 133, 134, 146, 149, 152, 157, 158, 168, 181
- China and, 6
- France and, 1, 6, 39
- Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991), 45, 81, 84, 153
- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), 36, 89, 121, 146, 162
- Strategic Defense Initiative related to, 6, 8, 14, 17, 18, 51, 65, 110, 134
- Submarine-launched ballistic missile included in, 39, 42, 125, 136, 173
- Submarine-launched cruise missiles role in, 82, 84, 89, 110, 133, 134, 138, 142, 146, 158, 173
- United Kingdom and, 6, 8
- U.S.-NATO relations affected by, 7, 8, 34, 39, 55, 63, 79, 121, 178, 180
- U.S. nuclear triad included in, 39, 42, 67, 81, 88, 89, 90, 102, 107
- Verification and verification protocols, 8, 39, 81, 84, 91, 121, 122, 125, 128, 131, 133, 144, 146, 152, 173
- Sublimits:
- Air-launched cruise missiles, 122, 146, 157
- Ballistic missiles, 39, 84, 89, 96, 107, 146, 173
- Intercontinental ballistic missile, 17, 42, 67, 81, 84, 89, 96, 118, 122, 125, 131, 136, 141, 143, 152, 158
- Submarine-launched ballistic missile, 1, 81, 84, 96, 136
- Submarine-launched cruise missiles, 82, 84, 89, 110, 133, 134, 138, 142, 146, 158, 173
- Submarine-launched ballistic missile (SLBM), 79, 102, 143, 151, 162:
- Submarine-launched cruise missiles (SLCM), 88, 98, 112, 131, 161, 176, 181:
- Sukhodrev, Viktor:
- Summit meeting. See Geneva Summit (1985); Moscow Summit (1988); Reykjavik Summit (1986); Washington Summit (1987)
- Sununu, John, 113
- Supreme Soviet, 125, 172:
- Sweden, 40, 124
- Syria, 125, 157, 172:
- Tarasenko, Sergei, 40, 44, 66, 67, 82, 83, 90:
- TASS. See Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union
- Tbilisi, 141, 143, 147, 149, 163, 168, 179
- Technology transfer, 40, 104
- Telegraph Agency of the Soviet Union (TASS, Telegraphnoye Agentstvo Sovyetskogo Soyvza), 7, 115
- Teller, Edward, 42, 158
- Terrorism:
- Thatcher, Margaret, 38, 41, 138:
- Third World. See Developing countries
- Thomas, Charles, 1, 16, 87:
- Three Mile Island reactor meltdown (1979), 163
- Threshold Test Ban Treaty (1974) (TTBT), 70, 161:
- Throw-weight, 8, 39, 74, 79, 81, 84, 102, 107, 133:
- Arms control and disarmament, role in, 120
- Thule radar, 67, 167, 173, 177
- Tichon, Archimandrite, 159
- Timbie, James, 80, 141, 153:
- Trade unions, 121:
- Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (1968) (NPT), 40, 70, 74, 100, 134, 150
- TTBT. See Threshold Test Ban Treaty (1974)
- Turkey, 39, 133, 174:
- Tuttle, Donna, 154
- Ukraine, 38, 147, 148, 160, 163
- UN. See United Nations
- UNGA. See United Nations General Assembly
- UNITA. See National Union for the Total Independence of Angola
- United Kingdom, 7,
11, 38, 113, 165, 181:
- Chemical weapons, and, 40, 45, 108, 125, 134, 150
- Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, and, 178
- Fylingdales radar, 67, 167, 173, 177
- Intermediate-range nuclear forces, and, 3, 6, 39, 40, 91, 108, 110, 136
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, member of, 3
- Nuclear testing, and, 122
- Soviet Union, relations with, 1, 150, 178
- Strategic offensive arms reductions, and, 6, 8
- United Nations Security Council, member of, 123, 139
- United States, diplomatic relations with, 1, 121, 122
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 6, 8, 177
- United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), 26, 125, 153, 165, 175:
- United Nations Good Offices Mission to Afghanistan and Pakistan, 175
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 123, 137, 144
- United Nations Security Council, 153:
- France member of, 44
- Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 44, 56, 59, 72, 78, 82, 92, 110, 111, 115, 123, 125, 145
- Soviet Union role in, 44, 59, 60, 78, 82, 84, 123, 138, 145
- Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, role in, 119, 123
- United Kingdom member of, 123, 139
- UNSC Resolution 242 (1962), 44, 125, 137, 145, 175
- UNSC Resolution 338 (1973), 44, 125, 137, 145, 175
- UNSC Resolution 435 (1978), 82, 139, 150, 161, 162
- UNSC Resolution 598 (1987), 67, 84, 97, 110, 111, 115, 123, 138, 139, 145, 162
- United Nations Special Session on Disarmament (1988), 146, 150
- United Nations (UN), 55, 58, 111, 121, 125, 133, 134, 139:
- Chemical weapons control, and, 146, 161
- Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 59, 63, 78, 110, 114, 115, 123, 162
- Refugee resettlement, 145, 151
- Soviet Union and, 26, 97
- United States Mission at the United Nations, 56, 178
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 2, 80, 82, 84, 183
- Vietnam-Cambodia conflict, mediator of, 175
- United States (see
also
U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues;
U.S.-Soviet Union relations;
U.S.-Soviet Union trade
relations):
- Arms control and disarmament, and, 30, 40, 64, 70, 90, 103, 146, 151, 158
- China, relations with, 103
- Contadora, and, 44, 115, 139
- Covert actions, 93, 116, 166
- Cultural heritage, 107, 153, 160, 174
- Discrimination, and, 107, 121, 156
- El Salvador, diplomatic relations with, 139
- Europe, and, 4, 23, 34, 50, 100, 108
- Foreign policy, 31, 40, 51, 141, 147
- Honduras, and, 132, 139, 146
- Human rights, and, 156, 160
- International trade, and, 41
- Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), mediator of, 56, 110
- Japan, diplomatic relations with, 44, 45, 183
- Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), 10, 27, 28, 31, 33, 35, 38, 42, 43, 49, 53, 61, 62
- Mujahideen, and, 92, 111, 130, 131, 132, 139, 175, 183
- National security interests, 38
- National Union for the Total Independence of Angola, and, 139, 162
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, relations with, 39, 55, 63, 79, 103, 121, 178, 180
- North Korea, relations with, 162, 175, 179
- Nuclear triad, 42, 68, 69, 74, 79, 81, 84, 88, 89, 90, 107
- Pakistan, diplomatic relations with, 30, 44, 67, 72, 132, 139, 175
- Palestine Liberation Organization, relations with, 178
- Persian Gulf, role in, 82, 115, 125, 145, 162
- Racism, 133
- Religious freedom, 156
- South Africa, diplomatic relations with, 137, 139
- Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, role in, 44, 55, 110, 111
- Space activities, 41
- Syria, diplomatic relations with, 174
- Turkey, relations with, 44, 146
- United Kingdom, diplomatic relations with, 1, 121, 122
- United States invasion of Grenada (October 1983), 44
- U.S. Air Force, 31, 42, 134, 146, 147, 173
- U.S. Navy, 152, 181
- U.S. presidential election (1988), 23, 117, 125
- Vietnam, diplomatic relations with, 162, 175
- West Germany, diplomatic relations with, 71, 74, 84, 122, 150
- United States Information Agency (USIA), 7, 38, 74, 100, 115, 157
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), 6, 32, 38, 41, 80, 147
- UNSC Resolution 242 (1962), 44, 125, 137, 145, 175
- UNSC Resolution 338 (1973), 44, 125, 137, 145, 175
- UNSC Resolution 435 (1978), 82, 139, 150, 161, 162
- UNSC Resolution 598 (1987), 67, 84, 97, 115, 123, 138:
- Uruguay, 67
- U.S. Congress, 10,
33, 42, 55, 70, 91, 105, 108, 118, 183:
- Defense budget, and, 14, 23, 61, 120
- Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 89, 99, 100, 104, 115
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, 8, 40, 74, 97, 99, 121, 125, 149, 150, 155
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (1987), advise and consent, 74, 118, 120, 125, 147, 150, 152, 155
- Krasnoyarsk radar, views on, 173
- Reagan administration (1981–1988), relations with, 4, 8, 14, 26, 30, 49, 63, 120, 123, 158
- Reagan, Ronald, relations with, 14, 19
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), and, 3, 4, 120
- Senate Armed Services Committee, 17
- Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 79
- Shevardnadze, Eduard, meeting with, 66
- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), and, 120, 158, 173
- Strategic Defense Initiative, and, 14, 43
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, and, 3, 123, 133, 156, 160, 172
- Washington Summit (1987), role in, 99, 100, 104
- USIA. See United States Information Agency
- U.S.-NATO relations, 17:
- U.S. Navy:
- U.S. presidential election (1988):
- Gorbachev’s “new thinking” impact on, 117
- U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues, 8, 63, 91, 166:
- Basic sciences, 85, 97, 141, 154
- Broadcasting, 7, 112, 172, 178, 180
- Civil aviation, 7, 105
- Conference on Disarmament in Europe (1984–), included in, 134
- Consular offices, 1, 74, 85, 99, 111, 112, 132, 141, 143, 152, 153, 183
- Cyprus included in, 139, 146, 151, 153, 183
- Drug industry, 154
- Economic affairs, 41, 42, 124, 160
- Environmental affairs, 183
- Fisheries aid, 121, 139, 143
- Information exchange, 38, 158
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), role in, 7, 24, 38, 55
- Maritime boundaries, 100, 143, 161, 176
- Moscow Embassy security issues (1986), 38
- Moscow Summit (1988), role in, 140, 142, 143, 147, 153, 154, 161
- Nuclear energy safety, 1, 163
- People-to-people contacts, 66, 67, 97, 121, 153, 158, 168, 177, 178
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), role in, 1, 6, 66
- U.S.-Soviet cultural exchanges, 33, 67, 139, 142, 154, 157, 158
- Washington Summit (1987), role in, 100
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations:
- Afghanistan and, 41, 157
- Arms control and disarmament, and, 42, 88, 92, 151, 158, 165
- Bush administration (George H.W.) (1989–1993), and, 178, 181, 183
- Daniloff, Nicholas impact on, 33
- Economic cooperation, 124, 154, 160, 175, 176
- Energy technology, 113
- Espionage, and, 38, 49
- “Four-part agenda” and, 1, 8, 34, 55, 75, 92, 94, 95, 162, 177, 179, 181
- Geneva Accords (1988), and, 140, 177, 183
- Geneva Summit (1985) and, 21, 35, 38, 39, 63, 84, 107, 138, 157, 158, 162, 180, 183
- Gorbachev’s “new thinking” impact on, 18, 111, 124, 144, 149, 153
- Human rights and, 6, 21, 66, 74, 80, 90, 115, 121, 138, 144, 153, 168, 177
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), and, 8, 45, 90
- Iran-Iraq War (1980–1988), and, 26, 44, 59, 60, 63, 67, 72
- Jewish emigration from Soviet Union impact on, 121
- Middle East and, 42, 110, 111, 114, 115, 131, 142, 145, 161, 162
- Military balance related to, 97
- Military-to-military contacts, 115, 123, 138, 151, 177
- Moscow Embassy security issues (1986) impact on, 28, 31, 33, 38, 42, 43, 45, 49
- Moscow Summit (1988), and, 168, 177, 181
- National Security Council and, 97, 125
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization and, 7, 8, 33, 39, 52, 55, 63, 79, 89, 121, 178, 180
- Persian Gulf and, 84, 89, 162
- Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, 4, 6, 17, 25, 26, 30, 35, 42, 66, 77, 84, 95, 97, 103, 117, 125, 129, 135, 143, 147, 154, 183
- Reagan, Ronald views on, 43, 147, 155
- Regional issues and, 6, 8, 64, 67, 82, 94, 114, 115, 123, 131, 137, 139, 151, 153, 161, 165, 181, 183
- Reykjavik Summit (1986) impact on, 5, 6, 18, 34, 38, 55, 64, 66, 84, 99, 100, 157
- Sandinista National Liberation Front impact on, 131, 139
- Soviet invasion/occupation of Afghanistan, and, 30
- Soviet private channel, 11, 57
- Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan, and, 26, 30, 44, 55, 67, 110, 125, 145, 175
- Space cooperation, 44, 85, 156, 157, 161, 167, 173, 175, 177, 178
- Tourism, 74
- United Kingdom and, 6, 8, 177
- United Nations General Assembly and, 55, 90, 161
- United Nations and, 2, 80, 82, 84, 183
- U.S. Congress and, 3, 123, 133, 156, 160, 172
- U.S.-NATO relations and, 3, 7, 8, 33, 39, 52, 55, 63, 79, 121, 178, 180
- U.S. presidential election (1988), and, 23, 34, 117, 125, 147, 156, 172, 177, 181
- Visas, 112
- U.S.-Soviet Union trade relations, 42, 66, 103, 124, 160, 176, 177:
- Vance, Cyrus, 19, 38
- Vasev, Vladilen, 26, 176
- Velikhov, Evgeny, 113
- Verification and verification protocols:
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty (1972), 4, 102, 105, 122, 132, 134, 139, 142
- Chemical weapons, 7, 45, 63, 82, 108, 134, 146, 158, 162, 181
- Conventional weapons, 7, 40
- Gorbachev, Mikhail and, 5, 39
- Intercontinental ballistic missile, 83, 120, 133, 134, 136, 141, 142, 153, 157, 161, 173
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), included in, 1, 6, 22, 36, 42, 64, 74, 82, 89, 98, 101, 108, 110, 117, 122, 125, 133, 142, 143, 146, 152, 158, 173
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (1987), included in, 4, 7, 36, 39, 42, 43, 45, 48, 52, 68, 69, 70, 74, 81, 83, 84, 88, 91, 100, 105, 107, 134, 138, 158, 162
- Joint Verification Experiment (1988), 122, 132, 152, 153, 165, 175
- Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions (1973–1989), 7
- National Technical Means included in, 81, 82, 83, 85, 98, 100, 101, 107, 121, 122, 125, 133, 134, 146, 173
- Nuclear testing, 1, 40, 42, 43, 45, 70, 120, 141, 161, 162
- On-site inspections included in, 36, 39, 42, 64, 70, 79, 81, 82, 83, 85, 88, 91, 98, 100, 101, 110, 120, 122, 125, 133, 134, 146, 149, 150, 152, 162, 173
- Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Treaty (1976), 40, 139, 141, 145, 147, 150, 152, 153, 162, 165, 175, 178
- Reykjavik Summit (1986), included in, 1, 6, 42, 68
- Soviet SS–20s in Asia, 39, 44, 68, 74, 91, 98
- Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (1982–1991), included in, 110, 118, 120, 125, 128, 131, 132, 133, 134, 142, 144, 146, 152, 173
- Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (1991), included in, 42, 68, 74, 81, 82, 84, 89, 98, 107, 110, 112, 120, 122, 133, 134, 136, 138, 142, 152
- Submarine-launched cruise missiles, 45, 89, 102, 110, 118, 122, 125, 138, 139, 143, 144, 146, 152, 162
- Threshold Test Ban Treaty (1974), 40, 139, 141, 147, 150, 165, 175, 178
- Treaty ratification result of, 43
- U.S. Navy response to, 125, 134, 142, 144, 146, 152, 158, 173
- Washington Summit (1987), included in, 91, 97, 100, 112
- Weapons and weapons systems, 74
- Working Groups (U.S.) contribution to, 81
- Verity, C. William, 124, 125, 142:
- Gorbachev, Mikhail, meeting with, 154
- Vershbow, Alexander, 170, 171, 172, 173, 175, 176, 178, 179, 183
- Vessey, John W., Jr., 9
- Vietnam, 44, 82, 97, 103, 114, 157, 160 (see also Vietnam-Cambodia conflict):
- Vietnam-Cambodia conflict:
- Visas, 107, 178:
- Voice of America, 7, 24, 74, 133
- Vorontsov, Yuli, 51,
124:
- Adelman, Kenneth, meeting with, 17
- Armacost, Michael “Mike” counterpart to, 8, 26, 44, 82, 91, 123
- Arms control and disarmament, and, 11, 15, 16, 85, 123
- Kampelman-Vorontsov channel, 16, 17, 57, 98, 101
- Regional issues, and, 91, 121, 123, 183
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 85, 121, 123, 126
- Soviet Nuclear and Space Talks delegation, appointed to, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16
- Strategic Defense Initiative, response to, 16
- Votkinsk Machine Building Plant, 101, 151
- Walters, Vernon “Dick,” 44, 56, 58:
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 78
- Warner, John, 40, 63
- Warsaw Treaty Organization, 39, 89, 108:
- Washington Post, 128, 149, 156
- Washington Summit (1987), 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115:
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty non-withdrawal included in, 89, 90, 100, 110, 112, 122, 173
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty violation, 89, 100, 138
- Arms control and disarmament, 108, 122
- Central Intelligence Agency role in, 104
- Chemical weapons and, 89, 108
- Conventional weapons and, 100, 108, 123
- Gorbachev, Mikhail participant in, 107, 108, 109, 110, 114, 115
- Hopkins, William interpreter for, 112
- Human rights, 21, 90, 92, 100, 107, 111
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Talks (1982–1987), result of, 46, 75, 87
- Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (1987) and, 46, 48, 55, 89, 90, 91, 92, 98, 99, 100, 110, 121, 122, 139
- Moscow Summit (1988), and, 89
- Nuclear and Space Talks (1985–1991) and, 112, 153
- Reagan administration (1981–1988) and, 51, 55, 66, 97, 134, 143
- Reagan-Gorbachev meeting, 107, 108, 109, 110, 114, 115
- Reagan, Ronald participant in, 107, 108, 109, 110, 114, 115
- Regional issues and, 55, 89, 90, 92, 100, 111, 114, 115
- Shevardnadze, Eduard participant in, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115
- Shultz, George participant in, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111, 112, 114, 115
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials and, 51, 66, 134, 143
- Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan included in, 92, 110, 111, 115
- Strategic Defense Initiative, 89, 90, 92, 134
- Summit planning, 55, 66, 74, 75, 84, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 97, 98, 99, 100, 102, 104, 105
- U.S. Congress role in, 99, 100, 104
- U.S. presidential election (1988), impact on, 23, 125
- U.S.-Soviet Union bilateral issues role in, 100
- Verification and verification protocols included in, 91, 97, 100, 112
- Washington Summit Joint Statement (1987), 115, 134, 136, 138, 139, 142, 144, 146, 152, 153
- Working Groups (Soviet) participant in, 105, 107, 111
- Working Groups (U.S.) participant in, 105, 107, 111
- Weapons and weapons systems:
- Air-launched cruise missiles, 122, 131, 134, 136, 138, 139, 141, 142, 143, 152, 153, 161, 173, 176, 177
- Anti-satellite systems, 1, 45, 108, 110
- Ballistic missiles, 1, 3, 6, 39, 42, 68, 69, 74, 80, 84, 89, 98, 102, 107, 110, 146, 150, 173
- Forward-based systems, 42
- Ground-launched ballistic missiles, 83, 100
- Ground-launched cruise missiles, 1, 81, 82, 83, 91, 98, 100
- Intercontinental ballistic missile, 14, 17, 42, 68, 69, 81, 83, 89, 96, 98, 122, 125, 131, 133, 134, 136, 141, 146, 152, 161, 173, 176
- Long-range intermediate nuclear forces, 1, 39, 42, 44, 45, 51, 54, 55, 57, 67, 68, 69, 74, 80, 81
- Midgetman intercontinental ballistic missile, 79, 84
- Modernization, 39, 42, 55, 67, 70, 88, 103, 125, 143, 167, 173, 181
- Multiple independently targeted re-entry vehicles, 6, 39, 81, 84, 146
- MX missile, 39, 84, 101, 146
- Pershing II missile, 36, 39, 42, 68, 100, 101, 134, 151
- Sea-launched cruise missiles, 68, 82, 88, 112, 120, 152, 162, 181
- Short-range attack missile, 39
- Short-range intermediate nuclear forces, 1, 8, 24, 36, 39, 40, 43, 44, 45, 51, 57, 64, 69, 71, 80, 81
- SS–18 ICBM, 14, 146, 173
- SS–20 ICBM, 85, 91, 97, 98, 100, 101, 104, 105, 151, 152
- SS–25 ICBM, 85, 91, 98, 100, 101, 104, 105
- Strategic nuclear delivery vehicle, 74, 143
- Submarine-launched ballistic missile, 1, 39, 42, 69, 74, 79, 81, 84, 89, 96, 102, 107, 125, 133, 134, 136, 143, 146, 151, 162, 173
- Submarine-launched cruise missiles, 82, 89, 98, 110, 122, 125, 133, 134, 139, 146, 152, 161, 162, 173, 181
- Throw-weight, 8, 39, 74, 79, 81, 84, 102, 107, 133
- Verification and verification protocols, 74
- Webster, William, 93, 103, 104, 154:
- Weinberger, Caspar, 9, 11, 23,
31, 52, 158:
- Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty violation, views on, 67
- Middle East, and, 78
- National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, 3, 31, 35, 61, 79
- Reagan, Ronald, meeting with, 19
- Sokolov, Sergei, meeting with, 45
- U.S. national security concerns, response to, 61
- Yazov, Dmitry, counterpart to, 67, 80
- Weizsaecker, Richard Von, 57
- West Bank, 125, 137, 145, 175
- West Germany, 11, 44, 57, 133, 138, 145, 178:
- Whitehead, John, 11,
89, 121:
- Adamishin, Anatoly, counterpart to, 100
- Dubinin, Yuri, meeting with, 130
- National Security Planning Group meeting, participant in, 61, 116, 166
- Shevardnadze, Eduard, meeting with, 130, 132
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 72
- U.S.-Soviet Union relations, views on, 124
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 111
- Wick, Charles, 7:
- Wilson, James, 61
- Wood, Mary. See Good, Mary
- Woodson, Helen, 144
- Working Groups (Soviet), 44, 66, 69, 74, 80, 85, 98, 121, 126, 132, 138, 139, 144, 152, 170, 171, 176:
- Arms control working group (Soviet), 66, 69, 74, 83, 110, 121, 136, 138, 149, 161, 170, 171
- Bilateral issues working group (Soviet), 7, 80, 121, 136, 139, 161, 170, 171, 176
- Chemical weapons working group (Soviet), 70, 121, 134, 139, 150, 152, 161
- Conventional weapons working group (Soviet), 7, 121, 125, 139, 152, 161, 175, 176
- Human rights working group (Soviet), 6, 111, 121, 125, 133, 136, 138, 161, 170, 171
- Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, 157, 161
- Nuclear testing working group (Soviet), 70, 74, 139, 152, 161, 175, 176
- Regional issues working group (Soviet), 1, 121, 138, 161, 170, 171, 175, 176
- Soviet INF working group, 44, 80, 84
- START and Defense and Space working group (Soviet), 69, 144, 149, 150, 152, 173, 176
- Verification and verification protocols, contribution to, 81
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 105, 107, 111
- Working Groups (U.S.), 24, 44, 66, 69, 74, 80, 85, 98, 121, 126, 132, 138, 139, 144, 152, 170, 171, 176:
- Arms control working group (U.S.), 66, 69, 74, 83, 110, 121, 136, 138, 149, 161, 170, 171
- Bilateral issues working group (U.S.), 7, 80, 121, 136, 139, 161, 170, 171, 176
- Chemical weapons working group (U.S.), 70, 121, 134, 139, 150, 152, 161
- Conventional weapons working group (U.S.), 7, 121, 125, 139, 152, 161, 175, 176
- Human rights working group (U.S.), 6, 111, 121, 125, 133, 136, 138, 161, 170, 171
- Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, 157, 161
- Nuclear testing working group (U.S.), 70, 74, 139, 152, 161, 175, 176
- Regional issues working group (U.S.), 1, 121, 138, 161, 170, 171, 175, 176
- START and Defense and Space working group (U.S.), 69, 144, 149, 150, 152, 173, 176
- U.S. INF working group, 44, 80, 84
- Verification and verification protocols, contribution to, 81
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 105, 107, 111
- World War II (1939–1945), 42, 72, 104, 115, 156, 162, 177
- Wright, James “Jim,” 25
- Wright, Joseph, 120, 166
- Wriston, Walter, 99
- Yakovlev, Aleksander, 99:
- Governor’s Island meeting (1988), participant in, 181
- Moscow Summit (1988), participant in, 158, 162
- Politburo, member of, 110, 114, 115, 117, 154, 158, 162
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, participant in, 179
- Washington Summit (1987), participant in, 107, 108, 110, 114, 115
- Wick, Charles counterpart to, 38, 80, 100, 115, 154
- Yazov, Dmitry, 99:
- Yeltsin, Boris, 104, 117, 147
- Zagladin, Vadim, 51
- Zarechnak, Dimitri, 182:
- Governor’s Island meeting (1988), interpreter for, 180, 181
- Moscow Summit (1988), interpreter for, 156, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163
- Shultz-Shevardnadze ministerials, interpreter for, 6, 7, 38, 39, 42, 46, 67, 69, 74, 75, 76, 82, 84, 89, 90, 91, 99, 100, 101, 121, 122, 123, 125, 132, 133, 134, 137, 138, 139, 144, 145, 147, 149, 150, 151, 170, 171, 173, 176
- Washington Summit (1987), interpreter for, 105, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115
- Zero option, 54, 134
- Zia, Muhammad, 119, 123:
- Zimmermann, Warren, 80, 151:
- Zolotov, Evgeny, 118, 175