Index

• Abdullah bin Abd al-Aziz al Saud, 156, 162, 165
• Abedi, Agha Hassain, 34
• Abshire, David M., 214
• Abu Dhabi:
  • Air Force arrangements with Pakistan, 121, 122
  • BCCI established in, 34
  • CIA views toward, 122
  • Dubai, conflict with, 72, 117
  • Economic situation, 94
  • As FAA (or UAE) member, 72, 97, 100
  • Oil company agreements with, 94
  • Oil revenues, 140
  • Saudi Arabian territorial dispute with, 36, 88, 93, 95, 122, 125, 158, 159, 191
  • Saudi seizure of, possible, 101
• Abu Musa dispute (see also Gulf islands dispute):
  • Agreement on, 107, 112, 122
  • British-U.S. talks on, 72, 84, 93
  • Iranian position, 86, 98
  • Kuwaiti position, 80
  • U.S. position, 88, 95, 96
• Acland, Anthony, 97, 105
• Adham, Kamal, 88, 116, 162, 182, 183, 188
• Afshar, Amir Aslan, 72, 105, 107
• Afshar, Hushang, 88
• Agency for International Development, U.S. (AID)
  • Desalting, 9, 35
  • Emergency relief for Jordan, 326
  • Logo on arms shipment to rebels in Yemen PDR, 171, 183
  • Naval force development in Saudi Arabia, 145
  • Release in Yemen of workers from, 192
  • YAR economic aid projects, 184, 190, 198
• Agnew, Spiro:
  • NSC Middle East meetings, 3
  • Saudi-U.S. relations, 131
  • Visits:
    • Kuwait, July 1971, 108
    • Saudi Arabia, July 1971, 104, 155, 159, 191
• Agreements, international:
  • Chicago Convention, 71
  • Geneva Convention on the High Seas, 1958, 69
  • Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, 65
  • Soviet-Iraq Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, 122
  • Tokyo Convention on Offenses and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, Sept. 1963, 200
• Agreements of the United States:
  • Air Defense Agreement with India, 46
  • Anglo-American BIOT Agreement (Dec. 1966), 37, 39
  • Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations, and Consular Rights with Oman, 1960, 87
• Agriculture, U.S. Department of, 133
• Ahmad ibn Ali al Thani, Shaykh, 36, 113
• Ahmad, Shaykh of Qatar, 158
• Ajman, 72, 90, 98, 107, 122
• Akins, James, 164
• Al-Aqsa Mosque fire, Aug. 1969, 10
• Aldabra, 39, 49
• Algeria:
  • Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
  • Oil company agreements with, 164
  • Release of officials by Israel, 235, 236, 246, 267, 268
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 140
  • Soviet military stockpiling in, 3
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 20
  • United States, relations with, 26, 193
• Ali, Anwar, 133, 136, 140
• Allon, Yigal, 3, 214, 299, 307, 308, 309, 311
• Allon Plan, 3, 214
• Ameen, Michael, 141
• American Express, 34
• American Friends of the Middle East (AFME), 184
• American University, Beirut, 198
• Amri, Hassan al-, 186
• Anderson, George, 23, 25
• Anderson, G. Norman, 16
• Annenberg, Walter, 66, 84, 88, 105, 314
• Antar, Ali, 172
• Anti-American activities, 153
• Anti-ballistic missile (ABM), 318
• ANZUS, 46, 50, 161
• Apartheid, 41
• Arab American Oil Company (ARAMCO) (see also Oil):
  • Labor relations, 133
  • As largest single U.S. overseas investment, 169
  • Offtake problem, 128, 136
  • Production increase projections, 148
• Arabian Peninsula, 158, 159
• Arab-Israeli dispute:
  • Bahraini position, 81, 118
  • Israeli position, 2
  • NSC papers on, 1
  • Persian Gulf as affected by, 76, 82
  • Rhodes formula, 16
  • Saudi position, 127, 131, 149, 170
  • Settlement of, possible, 2, 15
  • Soviet position, 16
  • U.S. peace initiatives, 27
  • U.S. position, 1, 24
  • U.S.-Soviet note exchange on, 127
• Arab League:
  • Gulf islands dispute, 110
  • Gulf states’ membership in, 112
  • Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 263
  • Saudi-Yemen PDR border clashes, 175
  • Syrian military intervention in Jordan, 280
  • YAR-Yemen PDR mediation efforts, 196
• Arab Summit, Cairo, Sept. 1970, 303, 304, 312
• Arab Summit, Rabat, 1969, 18
• Arab Summit, Rabat, 1970, 176
• Arafat, Yasir:
  • Arab mediation between Hussein and, 263, 303
  • Casualties in Amman conflict, 313
  • Ceasefire agreement, 330
  • Jordanian army charged with ceasefire violations by, 328
  • Kuwaiti views toward, 118
  • Nasser’s relationship with, 271
  • Opposition to ceasefire in Jordan, 316
  • Return to Jordan of, 334
  • Soviet views toward, 265
  • Unification of Palestinian forces in Jordan, 248
• Aram, Abbas, 72
• ARAMCO. See Arab American Oil Company (ARAMCO).
• Argov, Shlomo, 264, 311
• Ariana, Bahram, 6
• Arms control, 56, 57, 58, 59, 66, 67
• Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), 69
• Arthur, Geoffrey, 72, 86
• Asnaj, Abdullah al-, 186
• Assar, Nassir, 32, 33
• Atassi, Noureddin Mustafa al-, 280
• Atherton, Alfred L., Jr., 93, 109, 112, 115, 117, 124, 125, 158, 184, 188, 306, 311
  • Bahrain, 81
  • Hijackings, 223
  • Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 290
  • Syrian military intervention in Jordan, 281
• Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 4
• Australia:
  • Bahrain, relations with, 81
  • Fremantle/Cockburn naval base, 46
  • Indian Ocean role of, 41, 42, 45, 57
  • U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
• Awlaqi, Muhammad Salih, 172
• Ayni, Muhsin Ahmad al-, 118, 184, 186, 187, 193, 196, 198
• Ayub Khan, 6
• Badr al-Khalid, 72
• Badr bin-Abdul Aziz, Prince, 162
• Baghdad Pact, 20
• Bahrain (see also Bahrain and Bahraini subentries under other subjects; Federation of Arab Amirates (FAA)):
  • Arab League membership for, 112
  • Assessment of situation in, 36, 117
  • Australia, relations with, 81
  • CIA views toward, 122
  • Economic situation, 94
  • As FAA (or UAE) member, 72, 78, 79, 81, 90, 98, 100
  • Independence for, 80, 81, 98, 99, 101, 102, 104, 158
  • Iranian claims to:
    • British-U.S. talks on, 72
    • Relinquishing of, 82
    • Saudi position, 127
    • Shah’s New Delhi statement, 127
    • U.S. position, 76, 77
  • Iraq, relations with, 81
  • As MIDEASTFOR home port, 43, 96, 99, 112, 113
  • Oil revenues, 94, 140
  • Pakistan, relations with, 81
  • Radical government in, prospects for, 96, 101, 122
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 81, 99
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 36, 81
  • United States, relations with:
    • Diplomatic recognition, 102, 113
    • Rogers’s visit, July 1972, 118
    • U.S. military presence, 81
  • UN membership for, 91, 98, 112
  • U.S. military aid and sales to, 163
  • U.S. naval facilities in, 46, 61, 82, 89
  • U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
• Baker, Howard H., Jr., 4, 9
• Baker, William, 23
• Balance of payments:
  • Gulf states’ problems with, 94
  • Kuwaiti arms purchases and, 92
  • Persian gulf oil relations, 82
  • Positive U.S. levels due to U.S. oil companies, 13, 76, 77, 96, 130, 133, 146, 169
  • Saudi improvement in, 148
  • Saudi investments in oil facilities and, 164, 168, 169
  • U.S. arms sales to Saudi Arabia and, 156
  • U.S. trade surplus in Persian Gulf, 101
• Bandaranaike, Felix D., 65
• Bandaranaike, Sirimavo, 55, 59, 60, 61, 62
• Bangladesh, 21, 34, 122
• Bank of America, 34
• Bank of Credit and Commerce International S.A. (BCCI), 34
• Bara’kat, Ahmad, 173
• Bar Lev Line, 214, 265
• Bayhan, 182
• Beam, Jacob D.:
  • Indian Ocean, 59, 61, 68, 70
  • Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 267, 272, 273
• Beaudry, Robert M., 236, 237, 243, 244, 245, 324
• Bell Helicopter Co., 108, 111
• Bennett, Lt. Gen. Donald V., 108
• Bergus, Donald C., 280
• Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali, 34, 122
• Bishi, Ali al-, 172
• Blee, David H.:
  • Hijackings, 222
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
  • Jordan:
    • Israeli military intervention in, 303
    • Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 260
    • Syrian military intervention in, 281
    • U.S. military aid to, 326
    • U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
    • U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in, 317
  • U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
• Boisard, Marcel A., 241, 242, 244, 245, 268
• Boissier, Leopold, 268, 324
• Boumediene, Houari, 18
• Bowley, Albert J., 22
• Boyd, Col. Earl L., 323
• Brandt, Willy, 225, 233
• Brewer, William D., 78, 79, 127, 130, 135, 139, 175
  • Persian Gulf, British-U.S. talks on, 72
  • Prince Fahd’s visit to United States, 131
  • Saudi-U.S. relations, 147
  • Yemen PDR–U.S. relations, 171
• Brezhnev, Leonid, 58
• Brimelow, Thomas, 100
• British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 83
• British Council, 117, 198
• British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT). See Diego Garcia.
• British Petroleum (BP), 112
• Brosio, Manlio, 11, 323
• Brown, Elizabeth, 72, 307
• Brown, L. Dean:
  • Appointment as ambassador to Jordan of, 246, 262
  • Ceasefire agreement, 330
  • Emergency relief for Jordan, 332
  • Establishment of “branch” U.S. embassy in Amman, 332
  • Hussein’s conversations with, 260
  • Hussein’s reaction to Israeli ground forces in Jordan, 300, 315, 316
  • Hussein’s request for assistance against Syrians, 280, 282, 284
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304, 313, 315
  • Release of last hostages, 333
  • Syrian threat to Jordan, 252
  • UAR role in Jordan conflict, 281
  • UNSC meeting on Syrian intervention in Jordan, 276
  • U.S. military aid to Jordan, 254, 332
  • U.S. or Israeli intervention in Jordan, possible, 271, 307, 309
• Buck, Stephen W., 198
• Buffum, William, 72
• Bunche, Ralph, 16
• Bunker, Ellsworth, 177
• Buraimi oasis dispute, 72, 96, 122, 140, 159
• Burchinal, Gen. David A., 281
• Buttes Oil Company, 107
• Caglayangil, Ihsan Sabri, 21
• Cairo Agreement, Sept. 27, 1970, 303, 330, 331, 332, 333
• Cambodia, 21, 267, 290, 298, 326
• Campbell, Stephen J., 251
• Cam Ranh Bay, 40
• Canada, 83, 168
• Cargo, William I., 9, 22
• Carolan, Thomas, 72
• Carrington, Lord Peter, 49, 53
• Case, Clifford P., 118
• Catholic Relief Services, 184
• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA):
  • Bahrain, 122
  • Cairo Agreement, Sept. 1970, 331
  • Hijackings, 272
  • Indian Ocean, 45, 50, 69
  • Jordan, 254, 274, 286
  • Papers:
    • ER IM 71–43 “Some Revenue Implications of the 14
      • February Oil Settlement with the Persian Gulf States,” 94
    • ER IM 71–70 “Saudi Arabia’s Changed Financial Outlook,” 148
    • On prospects for post-Faisal Saudi Arabia, 153
    • “The Persian Gulf: The End of the Pax Brittanica,” 122
  • Persian Gulf, 75, 96, 99, 122
  • Soviet covert activity in Middle East, 31
• Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), 50
  • Assessment of situation in area of, 36
  • British role in, 86
  • British-U.S. talks on, 28
  • Dissolution of, 28
  • Economic, Technological, and Scientific Cooperation Meeting, Tehran, Mar. 1971, 58
  • Future of, 8
  • Iranian withdrawal from, possible, 101
  • MIDLINK naval exercises, 107
  • Multilateral Industrial Fund proposal, 28
  • Nixon’s meetings with officials of, 6, 21
  • Political guidelines for military planning, 33
• Ceylon. See Sri Lanka.
• Chaban-Delmas, Jacques, 334
• Chafee, John H., 40, 41
• Chagos Archipelago. See Diego Garcia.
• Chapin, Dwight, 134
• Chapman, Christian, 78
• Chase, Robert W., 33, 35, 68
• Chicago Sun Times, 261
• Childs, Timothy W., 93, 271
• Chile, 232
• Clarke, Bruce C., 50
• Cline, Ray S., 176
• Cocos (Keeling) Islands, 43
• Commerce, U.S. Department of, 78, 133, 149
• Commonwealth Prime Ministers Conference, 1971, 48
• Communism:
  • Kuwaiti position, 116
  • Saudi position, 127, 129, 132
  • U.S. position, 132
  • Zionism as, 127, 147, 149, 151, 159, 170
• Congdon, Capt. Robert N., 22
• Congress, Acts of:
  • Foreign Assistance Act (1961), 35
  • Foreign Assistance Authorization Act (1969), 12
  • Foreign Military Sales Act (FMSA), 78, 92
  • Military Construction Appropriations Bill (1971), 44
  • P.L. 480, 198
• Congress, U.S. (see also House of Representatives, U.S.; Senate, U.S.):
  • Diego Garcia base hearings, 37
  • Israeli military intervention in Jordan, 291, 299, 303, 315
• Connally, John, 169, 170
• Controlled tension, 16
• Conway, Gen. Theodore J., 6
• Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, 133, 152
• Coyne, J. Patrick, 23
• Crawford, Stewart, 72, 100
• Crawford, William R., 198
• Crocker, Chester A., 61, 70
• Cronkite, Walter, 267
• Cuba, 313, 318
• Curran, Robert T., 219, 276
• Cushman, Lt. Gen. Robert E.:
  • Indian Ocean, 61
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
  • Jordan, 260, 290, 297, 303
• Custer, B. Scott, 103
• Cyprus:
  • French radio transmitter on, 22
  • Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 254, 264, 267, 274, 313
  • Movement away from neutrality, possible, 25
  • Soviet covert activity in, 31
  • Turkish interest in, 3
• Czechoslovakia, 21
• Dana, Col. Vali Allah, 6
• Daud, Brig. Gen. Muhammad, 248, 253, 260
• Davies, Rodger P., 79, 109, 111, 138, 139, 175, 183, 188, 199, 200, 201, 219, 220, 237, 259, 266, 271, 311, 329
  • Hijackings, 214, 222
  • Indian Ocean, 68
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 312
  • Jordan:
    • Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
    • Soviet views on conflict in, 272, 273, 286, 307
    • U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
  • Middle East, 3, 9
  • Persian Gulf, 72, 93
  • Saudi Arabia, 135, 164
  • Yemen Arab Republic, 198
• Davis, Jeanne W., 82
  • Desalting, 9
  • Hijackings, 214, 222
  • Indian Ocean, 50, 58, 61
  • Jordan:
    • Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
    • Syrian military intervention in, 281
    • U.S. military aid to, 326
    • U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
    • U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in, 317
  • Persian Gulf, 83
  • U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19
  • U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
• Davis, Richard T., 55
• Day, Arthur, 72
• Dayan, Gen. Moshe, 251, 278, 290, 307
• Defense, U.S. Department of:
  • Naval force development in Saudi Arabia, 157
  • Persian Gulf arms sales, 89
  • Soviet naval threat in Indian Ocean, 45
  • U.S. arms sales to Kuwait, 108, 111, 114
• Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), 303, 317
• Defense Security Assistance Agency (DSAA), 157
• DeGaulle, Charles, 3
• Demirel, Süleyman, 334
• Denney, George C., Jr., 10
• Desalting:
  • Joint U.S./Israeli project for, 9, 12, 14, 35
  • Long-range Middle East program for, 4, 5
  • U.S. aid to Saudi Arabia for, 133, 149, 152
• Dhofar, 152
  • Iranian concerns over rebellion in, 198
  • Jordanian troops in, 189
  • People’s Republic of China aid to rebels in, 122, 158, 198
  • Rebels as threat to Saudi Arabia, 137
  • Rebel success, possibility of, 101
  • Successes in campaign against rebels, 36, 117, 158
  • Sultan Sa’id’s impact on, 87
  • Yemen PDR support of rebels in, 106, 182
• Dickman, Francois M., 124, 158, 164
  • Abu Dhabi-Saudi Arabia territorial dispute, 125
  • Saudi National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 165
  • Sultan-Sisco talks, 191
• Diego Garcia (see also Indian Ocean):
  • Background and status of, 39
  • British participation in facilities at, 39, 49
  • British-U.S. agreement on, 66, 71
  • British-U.S. talks on, 39, 44
  • Civil aviation on, 71
  • Congressional hearings on base construction on, 37
  • Construction of base on, 39, 40, 83
  • Establishment of U.S. facility on, 32, 46
  • Littoral states’ response to opening of U.S. facility in, 38, 52
  • Repatriation of workers on, 37, 71
  • Suez Canal closure and importance of, 13
  • Upgrading of U.S. facility on, 61
• Dinsmore, Lee, 88, 113, 127
• Dobrynin, Anatoli, 55, 57, 58, 68, 317
• Donovan, Lt. Gen. Stanley J., 6
• Dorough, Felix, 111
• Douglas-Home, Alec:
  • British arms sales to South Africa, 41, 53
  • Hijackings, 222, 238
  • Nasser’s funeral, 334
  • Persian Gulf, 86, 103, 105
• Doyle, Rear Adm. James H., 61
• Dubai:
  • Abu Dhabi, conflict with, 72, 117
  • CIA views toward, 122
  • As FAA (or UAE) member, 72, 100
  • Iranian-UAE relations, 122
  • Oil revenues, 94, 140
  • Saudi office in, 158
• DuBridge, Lee, 4, 5, 12, 14
• Dubs, Adolph, 55, 220, 266
• Dulles, John Foster, 127
• Dunlop, Brig. Gen. Donald D., 137, 144
• Ealum, James M., 187
• Eastern Europe, 133, 136
• East Pakistan. See Bangladesh.
• Eban, Abba, 222, 251, 262, 263, 325
• Egerton, Stephen, 72
• Egypt. See United Arab Republic (UAR).
• Eilts, Hermann F., 127
  • ARAMCO offtake problem, 128, 136
  • Growth in Saudi military expenditures, 134
  • Leahy Report, 142
  • Naval force development in Saudi Arabia, 138
  • Persian Gulf, 72, 74, 86
  • Phantom purchases, 137
  • Prince Fahd’s visit to United States, 130, 131, 132, 134
  • Yemen-U.S. relations, 178
• Eisenhower, Dwight D., 4, 118, 127, 318
• Eisenhower-Strauss plan, 3, 9, 12
• Elections:
  • Israel, Oct. 1969, 131
  • Italy, 1970, 22
  • Malta, 1971, 25
  • United Kingdom, June 1970, 85
• Eliot, Theodore L., Jr., 113, 210, 211, 259
  • British-U.S. talks on Persian Gulf, 72
  • Desalting, 35
  • Diego Garcia, 52
  • Faisal’s meeting with Nixon, May 1971, 151
  • Gulf islands dispute, 110
  • Islamic summit, Rabat, Sept. 1969, 10
  • U.S. military aid to Jordan, 17
  • U.S.-Saudi oil relations, 168
• Ellsworth, Robert F., 11, 290, 304, 317, 323
• Elworthy, Air Marshal Charles, 6
• Ely, Northcutt, 107
• Enterprise task force, 69
• Esenbel, Melhi, 21
• Eshkol, Levi, 4, 9, 12
• Ethiopia, 43, 133
• European Economic Community (EEC), 24
• Export-Import Bank (Ex-Im Bank), 78, 133, 145, 163, 197
• Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz al Saud, Prince:
  • Arab-Israeli conflict, 170
  • Federation of Arab Amirates, 72
  • Growth in Saudi military expenditures, 135
  • Naval force development, 136, 145
  • Place in line of succession, 153
  • Political influence of, 140
  • Visits:
    • United States, 1969, 130, 131, 132, 134, 136
    • United States, 1971, 155, 159
    • United States, 1973, 170
  • Yemen PDR, 188
• Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz al Saud, King of Saudi Arabia:
  • Abu Dhabi border dispute, 122, 125, 159
  • Agnew’s meeting with, July 1971, 91
  • Arab Summit, Rabat, 1970, 176
  • Bahrain independence, 98, 102
  • Coup following death of, possible, 146, 153
  • Federation of Arab Amirates, 97, 99, 100
  • Growth in Saudi military expenditures, 134
  • Islamic summit, 10
  • Israel, 129
  • Lincoln’s visit with, 25
  • Middle East, 127
  • National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 156, 162, 165, 167
  • Naval force development, 138, 144, 157
  • Persian Gulf states policy, 72, 100
  • Prospects for, 140
  • United Arab Emirates (UAE), 104
  • U.S. evaluation of Saudi defense planning, 144
  • U.S.-Saudi oil relations, 168
  • U.S. views toward, 166, 181
  • Visits:
    • Cairo, July 1971, 154
    • United States, May 1971, 149, 150, 151, 159, 169
  • Yemen, 99, 178, 180, 185, 197
  • Yemen People’s Democratic Republic, 147, 188, 194
  • Zionism as Communism, 127, 147, 149, 151, 159, 170
• Farley, Philip J., 58, 61, 64, 69
• Fatah, 7, 140
• Fawzi, Gen. Mohammed, 18
• Fedayeen (see also Hijackings; Palestine Liberation Army; Palestinian conflict with under Jordan; Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)), 2
  • Arab financial support for, 7
  • Arab-Israeli settlement as influenced by, 3
  • Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
  • Jordan as threatened by, 7
  • In Lebanon, 7, 214
  • Sabotage of Tapline by, 133
  • Saladin as Iraqi equivalent to, 253
  • Soviet position, 16, 23
• Federal Aviation Agency (FAA), 149, 152
• Federation of Arab Amirates (FAA) (see also Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates (UAE)):
  • Bahraini position, 79, 81, 100
  • British negotiation with Gulf states over, 97, 98
  • British position, 90, 95, 103
  • Desire for creation of, 74
  • Iranian position, 72, 95, 97, 98, 100
  • Jordanian position, 101
  • Kuwaiti position, 80, 100
  • Prospects for, 140
  • Qatari position, 81
  • Saudi position, 90, 95, 97, 99, 127
  • Seven-state agreement on, 103
  • UN membership for, 82, 91, 98
  • U.S. position, 82, 88, 90, 96, 97
• Fig Hill Hospital, 334
• Finland, 151
• Fitzgerald’s Laboratories, 108
• Five Power Defense Arrangement, 46, 57
• Flanigan, Peter M., 168, 228
• Ford, Gerald, 291
• Ford, Padel, 111
• Ford Foundation, 184, 190, 198
• Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (FIAB), 23, 25
• France (see also French subentries under other subjects), 127, 140, 180
• Freeman, John:
  • CENTO officials’ meetings with Nixon, 21
  • Hijackings, 223, 238, 245
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
  • Jordan:
    • British military intervention in, 288, 290
    • Israeli military intervention in, 302, 303
    • Palestinian conflict with, 254
    • Post-hijacking situation in Amman, 214
    • Syrian military intervention in, 281
  • Persian Gulf, 72, 86
• Freeman, Rear Adm. Mason, 30
• Free Officers Movement, 130
• Freymond, Jacques, 239
• Fujairah, 72, 98, 122
• Fulbright, J. William, 113, 154
• Galloway, William J., 100
• Garment, Leonard, 12
• Gatch, John N., Jr., 72, 78
• Gaza Strip, 151, 235
• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 169
• Geological Survey, U.S., 184
• German Democratic Republic, 181
• Germany, Federal Republic of:
  • Bern meeting on PFLP counterproposal, 222, 224, 248
  • Boisard appointment as ICRC representative in Amman, 241, 245
  • Common front against hijackers, efforts toward, 213, 216, 235, 267
  • Sending of envoy to Amman for hijacker negotiations, 223
• Ghana, 16
• Ghoussein, Talat al-, 211
• Glass, Leslie, 72
• Godber, Joseph B., 103
• Golan Heights, 151
• Goodpaster, Gen. Andrew, 214, 222, 254
• Graham, SSgt. Irvin, 208
• Gray, Gordon, 23
• Gray, Victor, 61
• Greece, 262
  • Hijackings, 214
  • Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 254, 260, 267, 274, 313
  • People’s Republic of China, relations with, 151
  • Soviet influence in Middle East, 2
  • United States, relations with, 22, 24
  • U.S. military aid to, 318
  • U.S. security interests in, 2
• Greene, Joseph N., Jr., 86
• Greenhill, Denis, 206, 236, 249, 254, 255, 288
• Griffin, Philip J., 34
• Gromyko, Andrei:
  • Indian Ocean as area free of major-power competition, 55, 57, 61, 68, 70
  • Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 266
• Gulf islands dispute (see also Abu Musa dispute; Iran; Persian Gulf; Tunb Islands dispute), 84, 93, 96
  • British-U.S. talks on, 103
  • Federation of Arab Amirates formation and, 97, 98
  • Iraqi position, 107, 110
  • Israeli position, 101
  • Kuwaiti position, 101, 110, 118
  • London formula, 105, 107
  • Saudi position, 110, 127, 153
  • Shah’s compromise proposal, 99
  • Sovereignty issue, 98, 100, 103
  • Soviet interests in, 101
  • Syrian position, 110
  • UAR position, 110
  • U.S. position, 104
• Gulf states. See individual states; Persian Gulf; Bahrain; Kuwait; Oman; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates.
• Habash, George, 254, 329
• Hadramaut, 182
• Haig, Gen. Alexander M., Jr., 235, 259, 271
  • CENTO officials’ meetings with Nixon, 32
  • Hijackings, 203, 207, 216, 233
  • Indian Ocean, 63
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
  • Jordan:
    • British-U.S. talks on, 249
    • Field hospitals sent under ICRC auspices, 270
    • Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 287, 290, 303
    • Israeli ground forces in, 292, 293, 294, 295, 297, 298, 299
    • Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 256, 260, 313
    • Report to Nixon on, 328, 331
    • Soviet messages on situation in, 307
    • Soviet military intervention in, U.S. strategies for deterrence of, 317
    • Syrian military intervention in, 253, 281, 307
    • U.S. military aid to, 326
    • Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
  • King Faisal’s visit to United States, May 1971, 151
  • Middle East, 3, 31
  • MIDLINK CENTO naval exercises, 107
  • Rogers’s visit to Saudi Arabia, May 1971, 149
  • Sultan’s visit to United States, June, 1972, 161
  • UAR, 23
  • U.S. arms policy in Persian Gulf, 119, 120
  • U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
• Haikal, 264
• Haldeman, Robert, 249, 256, 258, 308
• Hall, Warren A., 9
• Hallman, William, 72
• Hamdan, Shaikh, 34
• Hancock, T. Marvin, 34
• Hannah, John A., 5, 9, 14, 91
• Hardin, Clifford, 5, 14
• Harlow, Bryce, 12
• Hart, Parker T., 3
• Hartman, Arthur, 267
• Hartman, Harold, 192
• Hassan II, King of Morocco, 10
• Hawatmeh, Nayef, 329
• Haytham, Muhammad Ali, 172
• Heath, Edward, 41, 51, 53, 57, 85, 93, 249
• Hejaz, 133, 140
• Helms, Richard M.:
  • Arab-Israeli dispute, 1
  • Desalting, 5, 14
  • Hijackings, 209, 214, 222
  • Indian Ocean, 42, 50, 54, 58, 62, 64
  • Jordan:
    • Fighting in Amman, 313
    • Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254
    • Locations of Iraqi and Syrian forces in, 256
    • Soviet military intervention in, U.S. strategies for deterrence of, 317
    • Syrian military intervention in, 281
    • U.S. military aid to, 326
    • U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
    • Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
  • NSC meetings on Middle East, 3
  • Persian Gulf, 101
    • U.S. policy in, 72, 91, 120
  • Saudi internal security issues, 146
  • Soviet Middle East policy, 20
  • U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19, 22, 25
  • U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
  • Yemen, 189
• Helou, Charles, 25
• Helseth, William, 21, 28
• Henderson, Ian, 117
• Henkin, Dan, 214, 264, 267, 303
• Hickel, Walter J., 5, 14
• Hijackings (see also International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC); Jordan; Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)):
  • Arab-U.S. talks on, 27
  • Bern Group:
    • British proposals, 250, 268
    • Demands for ICRC role in negotiations, 241, 242
    • Discussion of ICRC mandate for negotiations, 263, 268
    • German Federal Republic requirements for negotiations, 248
    • ICRC meetings with, 239
    • PFLP counterproposals, 222, 224
    • Unanimity among, 243, 246
    • U.S. proposals for communiqué by, 255, 256, 257
    • U.S. proposals for hostage release, 324
  • Blowing up of PanAm plane at Cairo, 202, 204
  • Blowing up of planes in Jordan, 230, 232, 233
  • BOAC flight from Bahrain, 221
  • British position, 238
  • British-U.S. talks, 206, 245, 254, 255
  • Destinations of hijacked planes, possible, 200, 201
  • Development of surveillance equipment against, 209
  • Dual nationality of U.S. hostages, 241
  • El Al failed attempt, 199, 203
  • Extension of deadlines in, 214, 215
  • Fedayeen concern about outside intervention, 218
  • Hostage evacuation:
    • First evacuation flight to Cyprus, 225, 232
    • Israeli role in, possible, 214
    • Of majority of hostages, 235, 237
    • PanAm retrieval of passengers from Cairo, 204
    • U.S. preparations for, 212, 214
    • U.S. request for Jordan cooperation in, 234
  • Initial releases of passengers, 208, 209
  • Iraqi position, 223
  • Iraqi role in, 229
  • Israeli actions:
    • Message to Jordan, 216
    • “No deal” approach, 240
    • Release of Algerian officials, 235, 236, 246, 267, 268
    • Request for hijacker extradition, 213
    • Roundup of PFLP sympathizers, 239, 240, 251
    • Use of force, possible, 239
  • Israeli-PFLP prisoner exchange proposals, 235
    • British position, 238, 263
    • Confidentiality of list of prisoners wanted for exchange, 241
    • Demand for Israeli acceptance of prisoner release “in principle,” 243, 245, 246
    • PFLP offers on, 267
    • PFLP refusal of mediation, 242
    • Release of Swiss and Lebanese prisoners, 268
    • U.S. position, 236
  • Israeli-U.S. split from Europeans over, 236, 240
  • Jordanian’s threat to hijackers, 210, 213, 217
  • Last hostage group:
    • Determining location and identities of, 237
    • Health of, 272
    • ICRC visits to, 241
    • Jordanian role in release of, 324
    • Release as part of ceasefire, 319, 321, 330, 333
    • Removal to house in Amman by PFLP of, 240
    • Retention of, 233, 235
    • Safety of, 320, 332
    • Threat of Jordanian showdown to, 246, 250
    • Uncertainty as to location of, 328
  • Need for gear for disembarkation of passengers, 200
  • Passengers held at Hotel Intercontinental, Amman, 213, 216, 221, 225
  • Passengers removed to Amman hotels, 231, 232, 233
  • Planes’ arrival in Jordan, 202, 204
  • Prisoner releases, 208, 209
    • British-German-Swiss-U.S. common front, efforts toward, 213, 216, 235, 267
  • Red Cross talks, 213
  • Rogers’s appeal for intercession by Arab states, 211, 213
  • Soviet position, 254
  • Syrian position, 227
  • Threat to PFLP if hostages harmed, 210, 213, 219
  • UN civilian humanitarian presence, 223
  • U.S. condemnation of, 203
  • U.S. counter-demands, 207
  • U.S. flights to Arab states, recommendation against, 228
  • U.S. Navy ships posted offshore, 212, 213
  • U.S. request for Soviet intervention, 199
  • Washington Special Actions Group (WSAG) meetings on, 214, 222, 246, 249
  • Wiring of airplanes with explosives, 225
• Hilaly, Agha, 21
• HMS Jufair, 43
• Hocke, Jean-Pierre, 245
• Hoover, J. Edgar, 209
• Horan, Hume, 125, 195
• Horizontal tube, multiple effect (HTME) process, 35
• Hoskinson, Samuel M., 52, 58, 61, 189
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
  • Jordan, 249, 303, 317, 326
  • U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
• House of Representatives, U.S.:
  • Foreign Affairs Committee, 9
    • Naval force development in Saudi Arabia, 157
• Hoveyda, Amir Abbas, 88
• Howell, Nathaniel, Jr., 34
• Hughes, Thomas L., 172
• Hungary, 28
• Hussein I, ibn Talal, King of Jordan:
  • Arab mediation between Arafat and, 263, 303
  • British military intervention in Jordan, 279, 285, 288
  • Brown’s conversations with, 260
  • Ceasefire agreement, 330, 331
  • Ceasefire violation charges against Jordanian army, 328
  • Emergency relief for Jordan, 332
  • Fedayeen, willingness to move against, 250
  • Federation of Arab Amirates, 101
  • Field hospitals requested by, 270
  • Hijackings:
    • Anarchy in Jordan after, 214
    • Threat to hijackers, 210, 213, 217
  • Israeli military intervention in Jordan, 285, 287, 290, 299, 300, 302, 303, 304, 309, 315, 316, 318
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304, 311, 315
  • Israeli views toward, 325
  • Israel-Jordan settlement, 2
  • Mediation of Saudi-Abu Dhabi border dispute by, 122
  • Nasser’s views toward, 329
  • Outcomes for, possible, 22, 247, 329
  • Palestinian support for, 329
  • Psychological state of, 252, 307, 313
  • Saudi subsidies to Jordan, 169
  • Saudi-UAR relations, 153
  • Saudi views toward, 140
  • Soviet views toward, 265
  • Syrian military intervention in Jordan, 275, 282
  • U.S. aircraft sale, 125
  • U.S. military aid to Jordan, 17, 274
  • U.S. military intervention in support of, 233, 262, 284, 285, 305
  • Visit to Washington, Apr. 1969, 7
    • British position, 249
    • Decision for “all or nothing” showdown, 246
    • Soviet position, 252
    • U.S. position, 217, 218, 234, 252
• Idris I, King of Libya, 11, 130
• Iftikar Ali, 21
• India:
  • Indian Ocean role of, 42
  • Indo-Pakistani War, 36, 65, 69, 70, 122
  • Islamic summit invitation, 10
  • Oman, relations with, 106
  • People’s Republic of China, relations with, 65
  • Soviet naval presence in the Indian Ocean, 36
  • U.S. base on Diego Garcia, 38, 46
  • U.S. basing arrangements with, 43
  • U.S. Indian Ocean facilities opposed by, 37, 38, 52
  • U.S. policy toward, 46
• Indian Ocean (see also Diego Garcia):
  • As area free of major-power competition:
    • Indian position, 52, 55
    • Soviet position, 55, 57, 59, 61, 68, 70
    • Sri Lankan position, 55, 59, 60, 65
    • U.S. position, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 69
    • Vietnamese Democratic Republic position, 68
  • Australian role in, 41, 42, 45, 57
  • British role in, 57
  • French naval presence in, 56
  • Japanese naval presence in, 58
  • Moscow Summit agenda items regarding, 70
  • Non-strategic naval limitations in, 69
  • People’s Republic of China missile testing in, 57, 58
  • Soviet access through reopened Suez Canal, 30
  • Soviet airpower in, 36
  • Soviet naval threat in, 36, 43, 45, 46, 47, 50, 51
    • Political framework for U.S. response to, 54, 57
  • Soviet opposition to PRC influence in, 47
  • Soviet-U.S. talks on, 55
  • U.S. naval planning options in, 42, 46, 47
  • U.S. naval presence, 43, 46, 56, 58, 59, 61
• Indian Ocean Conference, Washington, Mar. 1971, 55, 57
• Indonesia:
  • Coup against Sukarno, 16
  • Indian Ocean role of, 42
  • U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
  • U.S. policy toward, 46
• Intelligence Memoranda:
  • OCI 0099/70, 260
  • SC 02437/70, 260
  • SC 02452/70, 325
• INTELSAT Conference, Feb. 1969, 171
• Interior, U.S. Department of, 150
• International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), 184, 193, 198
• International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (see also Hijackings):
  • Arrival in Amman of envoy from, 209
  • Bern Group meeting with representatives of, 239
  • Bern Group’s mandate for negotiations by, 263, 268
  • Boisard’s appointment as senior representative in Amman:
    • British position, 241, 242, 245
    • Delay in arrival, 244
    • German Federal Republic position, 241, 245
    • Swiss position, 241, 245
    • U.S. position, 241, 245
  • Convoy stopped by fedayeen, 230
  • Demand for repainting of U.S. planes, 281
  • Evacuation of British citizens, 223, 224
  • Field hospitals sent to Jordan under auspices of, 270, 280, 281, 307, 313, 315, 326, 328, 330, 331, 333
  • Involvement in hijacking negotiations:
    • British position, 206
    • U.S. position, 207
  • Personnel changes in negotiators, 244
  • PFLP views toward, 246
  • Release of hijackers, 209
  • Release of last hostages to, 333
  • Resumption of role of, 240
  • Searching for valid PFLP negotiator, 324
  • Sending of senior officials to Amman, 248
  • Suspension of negotiations with PFLP, 235, 236, 238
  • Visits to hijacked passengers by, 202, 216, 241, 250
• International Development Association (IDA), 184
• International Volunteer Services, 198
• Iran (see also Gulf islands dispute; Iran and Iranian subentries under other subjects):
  • Bahraini independence, 102
  • Bahraini membership in FAA/UAE, 79
  • British withdrawal from Gulf, 85
  • CENTO political guidelines for military planning, 33
  • CENTO’s changing role, 8
  • Iraq, relations with, 76, 82, 112
  • Israel, relations with, 101, 140
  • Japanese role in, 83
  • Kuwait, relations with, 80
  • Oil company agreements with, 21, 72, 94, 96
  • People’s Republic of China, relations with, 151
  • Persian Gulf leadership role for, 122
  • Regional security, 72, 74
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with:
    • Bahrain claim by Iran, 127
    • Joint military aid to Yemen, 189
    • Obstacles in, 76, 82, 140
    • Saudi position, 132, 160
    • U.S. position, 96, 159, 161
    • Zahedi-Faisal talks, 88
  • Soviet influence in Middle East, 2
  • Soviet military equipment barters with, 2
  • Soviet naval visits to, 158
  • UAE, relations with, 36, 122
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 99, 101
  • U.S. bases in, 267
  • U.S. military aid to, 267
  • U.S. military presence in, 82
  • As U.S. oil supplier, 168, 169
  • U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
  • Yemen Arab Republic, relations with, 198
• Iraq (see also Iraq and Iraqi subentries under other subjects):
  • Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
  • Bahrain, relations with, 81
  • Cairo Agreement, Sept. 27, 1970, 332
  • Economic situation, 94
  • Expansionist aims of, 160
  • Iran, relations with, 76, 82, 112
  • Islamic summit, 10
  • Israeli policy toward, 101
  • Kuwait claimed by, 36
  • Kuwait, relations with, 118
  • As major oil producer, 169
  • Oil company agreements with, 94, 164
  • Persian Gulf objectives, 88
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 181
  • Soviet influence in, 2
  • Soviet naval visits to, 158
  • Soviet oil interests in, 77
  • Turkey, relations with, 3
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 110, 112
• Irwin, John N., II, 37, 50
  • British arms sales to South Africa, 53
  • CENTO, 33
  • Jordanian disaster relief task force, 328, 331
  • Persian Gulf, 103, 113
  • Saudi Arabia, 135, 164, 166, 168
  • U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
• Iryani, Qadi Abd al Rahman al-, 118, 186, 187, 191, 196
• ’Isa bin Salman al Khalifah, Shaikh, 72, 122
• Islamic Summit, Jidda, Mar. 1970, 180
• Islamic summit, Rabat, Sept. 1969, 10
• Isle des Roches, 39
• Ismail, Abdul Fattah, 172
• Israel (see also Israel and Israeli subheadings under other subjects):
  • Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
  • Bern meeting on PFLP counterproposal, 224
  • Cairo Agreement, Sept. 1970, 331
  • Death of Nasser and, 334
  • Desalting, 4, 9, 12, 14, 35
  • Iran, relations with, 101, 140
  • Jordan, settlement with, 2
  • Military superiority in Middle East, 3
  • Request for extradition of hijacker, 213
  • Saudi views of, 151
  • Soviet attack on, possible, 290
  • UAR settlement with, 2
  • U.S. commitments to, 327
  • U.S. military aid and sales to, 152
    • Arab-U.S. relations as affected by, 141
    • in response to Jordanian conflict, 222, 290, 303, 312, 315
    • Phantom fighters, 16, 129
    • Saudi position, 129, 131
  • U.S. security interests in, 2
  • Withdrawal from Sinai, 1957, 131
• Israel Desalinization Engineering, 35
• Italy, 22, 25, 151, 313
• Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir al Sabah, Shaikh, 123
• Jabir Hamoud al-Sabah, Shaikh, 123, 124
• Jackson, Henry “Scoop,” 39
• Japan (see also Japanese subentries under other subjects):
  • Dependence on Persian Gulf oil, 77
  • Indian Ocean role of, 42
  • Oil demand in, 148
  • Oman, relations with, 106
  • Persian Gulf role for, 83
  • Saudi Arabia, trade with, 140
  • Suez Canal, effect of the reopening, 30
• Jaquinet, Louis, 241, 244, 245
• Jarring, Gunnar, 3, 260
• Jarring Mission, 27, 131, 184
• Javits, Jacob, 3
• Jerusalem’s status, 127, 133, 147, 149, 151
• Jizan, 171
• Johnson, Joseph, 3
• Johnson, Lyndon B., 4, 9, 12
• Johnson, U. Alexis, 205, 210, 219, 324
  • CENTO, 36
  • Diego Garcia, 39
  • Hijackings, 199, 209, 214, 222
  • Indian Ocean, 58, 61, 68, 70
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
  • Jordan:
    • Field hospitals sent under ICRC auspices, 270, 281
    • Israeli military intervention in, 290, 291, 303
    • Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
    • U.S. military aid to, 326
    • U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
    • U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention, 317
  • Lebanon, 326
  • Middle East military planning, 13
  • Persian Gulf, 86, 106, 119
  • Prince Fahd’s visit to Washington, 130
  • U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
• Johnston, Eric, 3
• Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS):
  • Assessment of situation in CENTO region, 36
  • Hijacking hostage evacuation, planning for, 214, 233
  • Indian Ocean, 43, 50, 69
  • JCSM 26–71, 30
  • Jordan, 313, 317
  • Navy Strategic Island Concept, 39
  • Persian Gulf, 83
  • Soviet naval expansion in Middle East, 3
  • Soviet threat in the Mediterranean, 22
  • Suez Canal, implication of reopening, 30
• Jones, Curtis F., 186, 196
• Jordan (see also Hijackings; Jordan and Jordanian subheadings under other subjects):
  • Amman security situation, deterioration of, 295
  • Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
  • Communist threat to, 127
  • Emergency relief for, 326, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334
  • Establishment of “branch” U.S. embassy in Amman, 332
  • Fedayeen, threat to, 7
  • Field hospitals sent under ICRC auspices, 270, 280, 281, 307, 313, 315, 326, 328, 330, 331, 333
  • Iranian military sales to, 326
  • Israel-Jordan settlement, 2
  • Kuwaiti Khartoum agreement subsidies to, 94, 312, 326
  • Libya, relations with, 328
  • Libyan economic aid to, 312
  • Mediation of Saudi-Abu Dhabi border dispute by, 122, 125
  • Palestinian conflict with:
    • Battles in northern Jordan, initial reports, 239
    • British military intervention in, 254, 279, 281, 282, 285, 288, 290, 299, 307
    • British-U.S. talks on, 249
    • Cairo Agreement on ceasefire, Sept. 27, 1970, 303, 330, 331, 332, 333
    • Cairo Summit, Sept. 22, 1970, 303, 304, 312
    • Casualties in Amman fedayeen camp, 313
    • Ceasefires, 225, 254, 267, 303, 316, 317, 319, 321, 328, 330, 331, 332
    • Control of Palestinian movement, 247
    • As cover for controversial U.S. decisions, 318
    • Evacuation of foreigners:
      • British citizens, 223, 224
      • Soviet response to, 265
      • U.S. citizens, 253, 278, 295, 303
    • Fedayeen victory, consequences of, 247
    • Five-nation Arab Commission Force control of Amman, 334
    • Four-nation reconciliation committee, 263
    • Hussein’s approach to, 250, 272
    • Hussein’s willingness to move against fedayeen, 250
      • British position, 249
      • Decision for “all or nothing” showdown, 246
      • Soviet position, 252
      • U.S. position, 217, 218, 234, 252, 296
    • Iranian responses to, 256
    • Iraqi military intervention, possible:
      • Iranian position, 259
      • Iraqi position, 253
      • Israeli response to, 254, 265
      • Movement toward Jarash, 312
      • U.S. position, 214, 247, 252, 253, 303, 326
      • Withdrawal from Irbid area, 271, 272
    • Iraqi role in:
      • Jordanian position, 229
      • Soviet position, 220
      • U.S. position, 222, 253, 281
    • Israeli military intervention in:
      • Air strikes, 257, 281, 283, 286, 318
      • British-U.S. discussions on, 288, 290, 302, 303
      • Ground forces, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 302, 313, 315, 316
      • Hussein’s approach to, 250, 285, 300, 304, 315, 316
      • Israeli consideration for, 309
      • Israeli-U.S. discussion on, 283, 287, 289, 301
      • Military preparation for, 316
      • NSC meeting on, 298, 299
      • Permanent vs. temporary occupation, 294, 295
      • Retention of Jordanian territory, 314
      • Seizure of high ground, 247
      • Soviet response to, 222, 247, 265, 266, 272, 273, 290, 307, 317
      • U.S. messages to Soviets on, 291, 299, 303, 311, 315
      • U.S. planning for, 303
      • U.S. position, 231, 233, 287, 315, 318
      • U.S. principles for guidance in, 292
      • U.S. questions for Hussein on, 309
    • Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 218, 253, 254
      • Amman fighting, 240, 241, 253, 254, 313, 322
      • Army movement into north, 272
      • Army ultimatum, 267
      • Fedayeen attack on U.S. embassy, 272
      • Fedayeen resistance to, 263
      • Israeli air strikes in support of, 257, 260
      • Nixon-Kissinger conversations on, 256, 258
      • Nixon’s statement on U.S. intervention in support of, 261, 262, 264
      • U.S. air strikes in support of, 260
    • Libyan military intervention, 280, 316
    • Outcomes to, possible, 247, 274, 286
    • Political nature of Jordan following, 247
    • Post-hijacking anarchy, 208, 214
    • Principle contingencies in, 247
    • Soviet démarche to United States, 266, 267
    • Soviet position, 220, 254, 307
    • Syrian military intervention in:
      • Armored brigade attacks, 275
      • Irbid occupation, 282, 283, 284, 292, 299, 305
      • Israeli actions to spook Syrians, 278
      • Israeli aerial reconnaissance of, 280, 294
      • Israeli attack on Syria as response to, 304
      • Jordanian troop morale as affected by, 303
      • Possibilities of, 214, 252, 326
      • Soviet position, 291
      • Soviet support for, 286, 312
      • Syrian position, 253
      • Tank engagements with Jordanian army, 272, 280, 281, 304, 307, 313, 316
      • UAR position, 280
      • U.S. démarche to Soviets regarding, 275, 276
      • Withdrawal of Syrian forces, 318, 322
    • Turkish role in, 254
    • UAR military intervention against Israel, possible, 265
    • UAR position, 254, 264, 272, 281
    • U.S. embassy officers kidnapped by fedayeen, 221
    • U.S.-Jordanian talks on, 234
    • U.S. military aid and sales packages in response to, 254, 312, 313, 315, 326, 332, 333, 334
    • U.S. military intervention in:
      • Evacuation as goal of, 212, 214, 222, 247, 265, 274, 299
      • Ground versus air strikes, 247
      • Intelligence efforts, 256
      • Jordanian request for, 284, 285, 286, 305
      • NATO concerns allayed regarding, 323
      • Readiness levels for, 262, 264, 267, 315, 326, 330
      • Soviet position, 265, 272, 273, 274
      • U.S. versus Israeli role in, 233, 260, 261
    • U.S. Navy ships posted offshore, 254, 256, 264, 274, 315, 323
    • U.S. planning for Soviet intervention, 222
    • U.S. plans for deterring Soviet intervention, 317
    • Washington Special Actions Group meetings on, 254, 260, 264, 267, 273, 275, 281, 290, 299, 304, 312, 317, 326
  • Persian Gulf leadership role for, 122
  • Saudi economic aid to, 197
  • Saudi Khartoum agreement subsidies to, 94, 140, 148, 159, 169
  • Saudi military intervention in, possible, 142
  • Saudi military sales to, 326
  • Soviet military aid and sales to, 2
  • Soviet policy toward, 16
  • United States, relations with, 141
  • U.S. military aid and sales to:
    • Aircraft, 124
    • Packages for response to Palestinian conflict, 254, 274, 312, 313, 315, 326, 332, 333, 334
      • Rifles and artillery, 17
      • Saudi position, 152
• Jungers, Frank, 128, 141
• Kagnew, 46, 49
• Kalb, Marvin, 262
• Kamaran Island, 196
• Kamel, Hasan, 72
• Kamhawi, Zahi, 251
• Karamessines, Thomas, 222
• Karami, Rashid, 16
• Kearns, Henry, 145, 163
• Kelley, John E., 68, 71
• Kennedy, David M., 3, 73
• Kennedy, Col. Richard T., 54
  • Hijackings, 214, 222
  • Indian Ocean, 50, 58, 59, 63, 70
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
  • Jordan:
    • Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 290
    • Israeli military intervention in, 303
    • Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
    • Syrian military intervention in, 281
    • U.S. military aid to, 326
    • U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
    • U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in, 317
  • Persian Gulf, 76, 83
  • U.S. Mediterranean policy, 22
  • U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
• Kenya, 43, 52
• Khalatbari, Abbas Ali, 88
• Khalid, Leila, 206, 246, 330
• Khalid bin Abd al-Aziz al Saud, Crown Prince, 133, 140, 153
• Khalid bin Saqr Al-Qasimi, Deputy Ruler of Ras al-Khaimah, 109
• Khalid ibn Mohammed al Qasimi, Shaikh, Sultan of Sharjah, 88, 107
• Khalifah bin Hamad al-Thani, Shaykh of Qatar, 36, 113, 117, 122, 158
• Khammash, Gen. Amer, 125, 191
• Khartoum Conference, Nov. 1967, 94, 140
• Khartoum Conference, Aug.–Sept. 1968, 7
• Khashoggi, Adnan, 134, 162
• Khrushchev, Nikita S., 47
• Killgore, Andrew, 277
• Kissinger, Henry A., 132, 135, 271, 276, 311
  • British arms sales to South Africa, 53
  • CENTO officials’ meetings with Nixon, 6, 21
  • Country Policy Statement on Saudi Arabia, 133
  • Desalting, 4, 5, 9, 12, 14, 35
  • Diego Garcia, 38, 52
  • Faisal’s meeting with Nixon, May 1971, 151
  • Federation of Arab Amirates, 98, 99, 100
  • Hijackings:
    • British-U.S. talks on, 255
    • Conversations with Nixon on, 209, 226, 232, 233
    • Conversations with Rogers on, 227, 231
    • Passengers removed to hotels, 231
    • Reports to Nixon on, 209, 214, 216, 218, 221, 225, 235, 239, 240, 242, 246, 248
    • U.S. flights to Arab states, recommendation against, 228
    • Washington Special Actions Group meetings on, 214
  • Indian Ocean:
    • As area free of major-power competition, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64
    • Moscow summit agenda items for, 70
    • Non-strategic naval limitations, 69
    • Soviet naval threat in, 46, 48, 50, 51, 54, 57
    • U.S. naval planning options in, 46, 48, 54
    • U.S. naval presence in, 58, 59, 61
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 299
    • Sisco-Rabin conversations on, 301, 302, 304, 307, 308
  • Jordan:
    • British military intervention in, 288
    • British-U.S. talks on, 249
    • Field hospitals sent under ICRC auspices, 270, 331
    • Hussein’s request for military intervention, 285
    • Israeli military intervention in:
      • Air strikes on Syrian forces, 283, 287, 289
      • Ground forces in, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299
      • Hussein’s reaction to, 300
      • Israeli-U.S. discussions on, 283, 287, 289, 301, 302
      • Soviet response to, 307
      • U.S. aid package in response to, 312
      • U.S. as intermediary, 314
      • U.S. questions for Hussein on, 309
    • Israeli views toward Hussein, 325
    • Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 253, 254, 260, 313
      • Conversations with Nixon on, 256, 258, 262, 291
      • Israeli air strikes in support of, 257, 291
      • Nixon’s statement on U.S. intervention, 261, 262
      • Reports to Nixon on, 247, 248, 263, 272, 274, 275, 310, 315, 316, 327, 330, 331, 332, 333
      • Soviet military intervention in, U.S. strategies for deterrence of, 317
      • Soviet position, 273
      • Syrian military intervention in, 286
        • Engagements with Jordanian army, 307
        • Irbid occupation, 305
        • Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 290
        • Israeli attacks on Syria in response to, 299, 304
        • Soviet position, 291
      • U.S. military aid and sales, 17
      • U.S. military intervention in, 264, 265, 267, 286
      • Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318, 322
      • WSAG actions on, 274, 303
  • Kuwait, 92
  • Lebanon, 326
  • Middle East, 3, 13
  • Oman, 87
  • Persian Gulf, 82, 83, 118
    • Gulf islands dispute, 98, 110
    • U.S. policy in, 72, 76, 89, 96, 119
      • NSDM 92, 91, 113
  • Saudi Arabia, 146, 160, 168, 180
  • United Arab Emirates, 103
  • United Arab Republic, 23
  • U.S. commitments to Israel, 327
  • U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19, 22, 25
  • Yemen Arab Republic, 177, 178, 180, 189
  • Yemen PDR–U.S. relations, 174
• Knowles, Lt. Gen. Richard, 50
• Korea, Republic of, 326
• Kosygin, Alexiy, 21, 187, 334
• Kurds, 3, 77, 101, 122
• Kuria Muria Islands, 171
• Kuwait (see also Kuwait and Kuwaiti subentries under other subjects):
  • Arab summit on Jordan conflict, 280
  • Bahraini independence, 102
  • Bahraini membership in FAA/UAE, 79
  • British military aid and sales to, 92
  • Economic situation, 94
  • Fedayeen funding from, 7
  • French military sales to, 121, 123
  • Iran, relations with, 80
  • Iraq, relations with, 118
  • Iraqi claims to, 36, 92
  • Iraqi threat to, 80, 108
  • Japanese views on political situation, 77
  • Oil company agreements with, 94, 164
  • Palestinian residents of, 92, 118
  • People’s Republic of China, relations with, 36, 151
  • Plebiscite on union with Iran, 72
  • PLFP demonstrations in, 27
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 161
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 36
  • United States, relations with, 118, 141
  • U.S. military aid and sales to:
    • Aircraft, 89, 108, 111, 123, 124
    • Arms purchase eligibility, 92
    • DOD survey team, 114, 121
    • Ex-Im Bank financing, 163
    • Kuwaiti approval of, 108
    • Kuwaiti requests for arms purchases, 78
    • U.S. approval of, 91
    • U.S. company contacts with Kuwaiti officials, 114, 115
  • As U.S. oil supplier, 168, 169
  • Yemen PDR, relations with, 116
• Kuznetsov, Vasiliy V., 272, 273
• Labor unions, 117, 133
• Ladgam, Bahi, 330, 332, 334
• Laird, Melvin:
  • Arab-Israeli dispute, 1
  • Desalting, 5, 14
  • Diego Garcia, 39, 40, 49
  • Hijackings, 209, 222
  • Indian Ocean, 42
  • Jordan, 281, 307, 313, 318
    • Israeli ground forces in, 293, 296, 298, 299
  • Kuwaiti arms purchases, 114
  • Middle East, 3
  • Persian Gulf, 72, 91, 120
  • Saudi Arabia, 136, 142, 157, 159, 161, 165
  • U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19
  • U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
  • Yemen Arab Republic, 189, 195
• Lake, Anthony, 76
• Latimer, Tom, 31
• Law of the Sea, 69
• Leahy Report, 142, 144
• Lebanon (see also Lebanon and Lebanese subentries under other subjects):
  • Fedayeen threat to, U.S. position, 8, 214
  • Israeli attacks on, 141
  • People’s Republic of China, relations with, 151
  • Soviet military aid and sales to, 2
  • Soviet policy toward, 16
  • UN Security Council resolutions on, 118
  • U.S. arms sales to Israel, 141
  • U.S. contingency planning for, 326
  • U.S. military aid and sales to, 17, 214
• Liapis, Stephen, 192
• Libya (see also Libya and Libyan subentries under other subjects):
  • Arab summit on Jordan conflict, 280
  • Elimination of Mediterranean-area foreign military bases, 31
  • Fedayeen funded by, 7
  • Jordan, relations with, 328
  • Malta, relations with, 31
  • Nationalization of BP interests in, 112
  • Oil company agreements with, 94, 96, 148, 164
  • Overthrow of King Idris, 130
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 20
  • UAR influence on, 18
  • United States, relations with, 3, 26, 141
• Lincoln, Franklin B., 25, 170
• Lincoln, Gen. George A., 3
• Lindjord, Haakon, 9, 22, 83
• Linebaugh, J. David, 68
• Lisagor, Peter, 261
• Lockheed Corporation, 78, 108, 111, 152
• Long, David E., 186, 196
• Lord, Winston, 100
• Luard, Evan, 81
• Luce, William:
  • Appointment as Special Representative in Gulf States of, 86
  • Federation of Arab Amirates, 93, 97, 98, 99
  • Gulf islands dispute, 88, 93, 99, 105, 107
  • Iranian economic aid to Gulf states, 103
• MacArthur, Douglas, II:
  • British Persian Gulf policy, 84, 85
  • Gulf islands dispute, 84, 88, 105
  • Iranian request for military equipment, 267
  • Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 254, 260, 271, 274
  • Persian Gulf regional security arrangement, 74
  • Seven-state agreement on formation of UAE, 104
  • U.S. Persian Gulf policy, 77
• MacDonald, Col. J. Angus, 35
• Mahdi, Mohammad, 72
• Maghreb, 22
• Mahra, 182
• Makarios, Archbishop, 214, 267
• Malagasy Republic, 43, 52
• Malawi, 52
• Malaysia, 46
• Maldives, 52
• Malik, Lt. Gen. Akhtar Hussain, 6
• Malik, Maj. Gen. Ibrahim, 136
• Maloney, Col. George, 165
• Malta, 3, 22, 25, 26, 31, 254
• Mansfield, Michael, 39, 40, 83, 303, 304
• Maoism, 265
• Marshall, Anthony D., 56
• Masirah Island, 83, 87
• Maswari, Brig. Husayn al-, 188
• Matsu, 318
• Mauritius, 36, 37, 43, 50, 61, 71
• Mayo, Robert P., 5, 12, 14, 91
• McCain, Adm. John S., Jr., 42
• McCloskey, Robert, 214, 264, 267, 303
• McGinnis, John, 61
• McHenry, Donald, 9, 22, 83
• McNamara, Robert, 51, 137
• Mediterranean area:
  • Analytical summary for policymaking in, 24
  • EEC trade agreements in, 24
  • Libyan goal of eliminating foreign military bases from, 31
  • Major problems of, 24
  • Soviet military presence in, 11, 24, 26
  • Soviet policy toward, 20
  • U.S. military bases in, 24
  • U.S. policy toward, 19, 22, 25
• Meir, Golda:
  • Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 262, 264
    • Statement on release of Israeli prisoners, 268
  • King Faisal’s views toward, 151
  • U.S. military aid and sales to Israel, 222, 290
  • Visits:
    • United States, Sept. 1969, 9
    • United States, Sept. 1970, 263
• Melhuish, Ramsay, 28
• Menemencioglu, Turgut, 21, 29
• Mercenaries, 175, 176
• Meyer, Cord, 31
• Middle East:
  • East-West conflict’s effect on, 24
  • Soviet covert activity in, 31
  • Soviet influence in, 2
  • Soviet military aid to, 16
  • Soviet naval expansion in, 2, 3
  • Soviet policy, 16, 20
  • U.S. military planning in, 3, 13
  • U.S. position in, 2
• MIDEASTFOR:
  • Bahrain as home port for, 43, 96, 99, 112, 113
  • Future prospects for, 82, 83
  • Planning for continuation of, 91
• MIDLINK exercise, 107
• Miklos, Jack C., 79, 84, 112, 124
• Military Training Missions (MTMs), 133, 152, 156, 169
• Millard, Guy E., 28, 84, 88, 93
• Miller, Brig. Gen. Raymond O., 212
• Mitchell, John, 209
• Moberly, John, 198, 223
• Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals (MASH), 333, 334
• Mobil Oil Co., 169
• Molotov-Ribbentrop Protocol (1940), 82
• Moorer, Adm. Thomas H.:
  • CENTO, 33, 36
  • Diego Garcia, 39
  • Hijackings, 214, 222
  • Indian Ocean, 42, 54, 56, 61, 64
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
  • Jordan:
    • British-U.S talks on, 249
    • Israeli military intervention in:
      • Air strikes on Syrian forces, 290, 291
      • Ground forces, 295, 297, 298, 299
      • Soviet response to, 307
      • U.S. planning for, 303
    • Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 256, 260, 313
    • Syrian military intervention in, 281, 307
    • U.S. military aid to, 326
    • U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267, 295, 297, 298
    • U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in, 317
    • Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
  • Lebanon, 326
  • Persian Gulf, 91
  • Spanish military capabilities, 26
  • U.S. force reductions in the Mediterranean, 22
  • U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
• Moro, Aldo, 334
• Morocco:
  • Alliance with Spain and Portugal, proposed, 25
  • Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
  • Coup attempt, 1971, 153
  • Soviet covert activity in, 31
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 20
  • United States, relations with, 3, 141
• Morton, Rogers C.B., 35
• Mosbacher, Emil, Jr., 32, 132, 155
• Moscow Summit, 1971, 159
• Mubarak, Mohammed bin, Shaikh, 81
• Murphy, Franklin, 23
• Murphy, Richard, 93, 97, 104, 147, 152
• Murphy, Robert, 23, 25
• Musandam Peninsula, 72
• Al Musawwar, 166
• Najd, 133, 140
• Najran, 171, 178
• Naqvi, Swaleh, 34
• Narcotics, 108
• Nasser, Gamal Abdul:
  • Arafat’s relationship with, 271
  • Death of, 153, 157, 332, 333, 334
  • Fedayeen as threat to, 23
  • Islamic summit, 10
  • King Faisal’s views toward, 133, 140
  • Kuwaiti views toward, 80
  • Palestinian conflict with Jordan:
    • Ceasefire proposal, 267
    • Ceasefire violations charges against Jordanian army, 328
    • Iranian position, 259, 271
    • Israeli position, 260
    • Mediation attempts, 263, 264, 272
    • Position on, 252, 254
    • Support for Hussein, 274
    • U.S. position, 264
  • Saudi détente with, 133
  • Saudi-UAR conflict over Yemen, 177
  • Soviet support for, 16, 265
  • UAR withdrawal from Yemen, 118
• National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs):
  • NIE 30–1–67, 96
  • NIE 11–6–70, 20
  • NIE 20/30–70, 96
  • NIE 36–6–70, 96, 140
  • NIE 30–1–71, 96
• National Security Council (NSC):
  • Arab-Israeli dispute, 1
  • Indian Ocean as area free of major-power competition, 60
  • Interdepartmental Group for Near East and South Asia papers:
    • “Basic U.S. Interests in the Middle East,” 1, 2
    • “Country Policy Statement on Saudi Arabia,” 133
    • “Desalting in the Middle East,” 4, 5, 9
    • “Future U.S. Policy in the Persian Gulf,” 76
    • “Persian Gulf: Analytical Summary of IG Response to NSSM 66,” 82
  • Meetings:
    • Feb. 1, 1969, 3
    • Dec. 10, 1969, 17
    • June 10, 1970, 22
    • June 17, 1970, 22, 23, 26
    • Sept. 21, 1970 (morning session), 299
    • Sept. 21, 1970 (evening session), 307
    • Sept. 22, 1970, 313
    • Sept. 23, 1970, 318
• National Security Decision Memoranda (NSDMs):
  • NSDM 32, 14, 35
  • NSDM 92, 91, 102, 113
  • NSDM 186, 120
• National Security Study Memoranda (NSSMs):
  • “Concepts of Naval Arms Control” (unreleased draft), 61, 63
  • NSSM 2, 1
  • NSSM 30, 4, 5, 35
  • NSSM 66, 73, 82
  • NSSM 87, 19
  • NSSM 88, 19, 22
  • NSSM 90, 19, 22
  • NSSM 104, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 50, 54, 57, 59
  • NSSM 110, 54, 57, 58, 59
• Nawwaf ibn Abd al-Aziz al Saud, Prince, 72, 141, 151
• Near East Foundation, 198
• Nethercutt, Richard, 68
• Neubert, Joseph, 50
• New Zealand, U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
• Nigeria, 53
• Nixon, Richard M.:
  • Arab-Israeli dispute, 1, 127
  • CENTO, 6, 21, 29, 32
  • Desalting, 4, 5, 9, 12
  • Diego Garcia, 38
  • Hijackings:
    • Conversations with Kissinger on, 209, 226, 232, 233, 269
    • Reports from Haig on, 203, 207
    • Reports from Kissinger on, 209, 214, 216, 218, 221, 225, 235, 239, 240, 242, 246, 248
    • U.S. retaliation for, planning for, 222
  • Indian Ocean:
    • As area free of major-power competition, 61, 62, 68
    • British-U.S. security talks, 41, 57
    • Moscow summit agenda items for, 70
    • Navy planning options, 42
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304, 308
  • Israeli withdrawal from Sinai, 1957, 131
  • Jordan:
    • British-U.S. talks on, 249
    • Israeli air strikes on Syrian troops in, 287, 290, 291, 305
    • Israeli ground forces in, 292, 293, 294, 295, 297
    • Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians:
      • Conversations with Kissinger on, 256, 258, 262, 269
      • Fighting in Amman, 313
      • Israeli versus U.S. air strikes in support of, 260
      • Statement on U.S. intervention in support of, 261, 262, 264
    • Report from Haig on, 328, 331
    • Reports from Kissinger on, 247, 248, 263, 272, 274, 275, 310, 315, 316, 327, 330, 331, 332, 333
    • Syrian military intervention in, 281, 286, 305
    • U.S. military aid and sales, 17
    • Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
    • WSAG actions on, 274
  • Meeting with Shah Reza Pahlavi, 74
  • Middle East, 3
  • Oman, 87
  • Persian Gulf, 89, 106, 113, 118, 119, 120
  • Saudi-U.S. relations, 139
    • Faisal-Nixon communications, 130, 139, 143, 154, 158, 159, 160, 161, 168, 169, 185
    • Faisal’s visit, May 1971, 149, 150, 151, 169
    • Prince Fahd’s visits to United States, 130, 131, 132, 155
    • Rogers’s visit, May 1971, 149
    • Sultan’s visit, June 1972, 159, 160, 161, 169
  • United Arab Republic, 23
  • U.S. commitments to Israel, 327
  • U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19, 25
  • Visits:
    • Egypt, 1963, 155
    • Europe, Feb.–Mar. 1969, 6
    • Iran, 1972, 32
    • Moscow, May 1972, 68
    • People’s Republic of China, 1972, 32
  • Yemen Arab Republic, 177, 191, 193
  • Yemen PDR–U.S. relations, 174
• Nixon Doctrine, 46, 57, 59, 61, 139
• Nkrumah, Kwame, 16
• Nonaligned Conference, Lusaka, Sept. 1970, 46, 48, 57
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):
  • European role in, 6
  • Israeli military intervention in Jordan, 290, 303, 315
  • Reforger exercise, 318
  • Soviet military presence in the Mediterranean, 11
  • Soviet threat to, 2
  • U.S. actions in response to conflict in Jordan, 317, 323
• Northrop Corporation, 108, 111, 121, 123, 126, 149, 152
• Northwest Cape, 46, 49
• Nowfel, Camille, 131, 132, 151, 155, 161, 191
• Noyes, James H., 111, 165, 303
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
  • U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
  • U.S. military aid to Jordan, 326
  • U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in Jordan, 317
• Nuclear energy detection stations, 46
• Nuclear Proliferation Treaty, 3
• Nuclear weapons:
  • Indian Ocean as zone free of, 46, 48, 58, 67
  • Introduction into Middle East, 2
  • Soviet use of, 3
• Nu’man, Ahmad Mohammad, 184, 186
• Nu’man, Isma’il Sa’id, 171
• Numeyri, Gaafar, 263, 271, 272, 303, 322, 328
• Nutter, G. Warren:
  • Desalting, 9
  • Diego Garcia, 40
  • Indian Ocean, 50, 58
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
  • Jordan, 254, 290, 303
  • Middle East, 13
  • Saudi Arabia, 156, 159
  • U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
• Nyerere, Julius, 41
• Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 4, 9, 12
• Oehlert, Benjamin H., Jr., 8
• Office of Saline Water (OSW), 35
• Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), 69
• Oil (see also Arab American Oil Company (ARAMCO); Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)):
  • Arab need for sales of, 23
  • Balance of payments support from U.S. control in Middle East of, 130, 133, 169
  • Corporate producer agreements:
    • Abu Dhabi, 94
    • Algeria, 164
    • Iran, 21, 72, 94, 96
    • Iraq, 94, 164
    • Kuwait, 94, 164
    • Libya, 94, 96, 148, 164
    • OPEC, 94, 96, 148, 164, 168
    • Qatar, 94
    • Saudi Arabia, 94, 148, 164
    • Venezuela, 96
  • Gulf state revenues from, 140
  • Japanese need for, 77, 148
  • Persian Gulf production of, 82
  • Production controls on, 164
  • Revenues from, 94, 140
  • Saudi aid payments in, 148
  • Saudi barter arrangements with Eastern Europe, 133
  • Saudi-U.S. oil relations, 164, 166, 168, 169
  • U.S. purchase from Saudi Arabia of, 131
  • U.S. security interests in Middle East sources of, 2
  • U.S. suppliers of, 168, 169
  • Western European demand for, 148
• Okhrana, 127
• Oman (see also Dhofar; Oman subentries under other subjects), 93
  • Assessment of situation in, 36
  • BCCI subsidiary in, 34
  • British military aid and sales to, 198
  • Buraimi dispute, 122
  • Dhofar guerrilla movement, 152, 158
  • India, relations with, 106
  • Iranian influence in, 72
  • Iranian technical aid to, 191
  • Japan, relations, with, 106
  • Jordanian technical aid to, 191
  • Jordanian troops in, 117
  • Oil revenues, 94
  • Pakistan, relations with, 106
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 87, 132, 153, 158, 189
  • Saudi economic and military aid and sales to, 36, 117, 191
  • Saudi role in, U.S. position, 152, 159
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 36
  • UAE, relations with, 87
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 87
  • United States, relations with, 87, 106, 113, 191
  • U.S. arms sales policy toward, 120
  • Yemen PDR–U.S. relations, 194
• Operation Scrounge, 267
• Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 169
• Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (see also Oil), 94, 96, 148, 164, 168
• Oss, Majid al-, 141
• Pachachi, Nadhim, 72
• Packard, David M.:
  • Hijackings, 214, 222
  • Indian Ocean, 42, 50, 58, 59
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
  • Jordan:
    • British-U.S. talks on, 249
    • Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 290, 291
    • Israeli ground forces in, 297, 299
    • Israeli military intervention in, 303, 307
    • Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 256, 260, 313
    • Syrian military intervention in, 281, 307
    • U.S. military aid to, 326
    • U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
    • Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
  • Middle East military planning, 13
  • Naval force development in Saudi Arabia, 144, 157
  • Prince Fahd’s visit, 130
  • U.S. evaluation of Saudi defense planning, 144
  • U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
• Paganelli, Robert P., 7
• Pahlavi, Mohammed Reza:
  • ARAMCO oil offtake, 128
  • Bahrain, 127
  • Gulf islands dispute, 84, 96
    • Compromise proposal, 99
    • Federation of Arab Amirates formation and, 98, 100
    • London formula, 105
    • Saudi role in, 153
  • Iran as U.S. oil supplier, 169
  • Iranian claims on Gulf States, 72
  • Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 254, 259, 260
    • Assessment of, 271, 274
    • Israeli air attacks on Syrian forces, 290, 291
    • Responses to, 256
    • U.S. bases in Iran, 267
  • Middle East neutralization proposal, 189
  • Nixon’s greetings to, 32
  • Saudi-Iranian relations, 160, 161
  • Visit to Washington, Oct. 1969, 74, 132
  • YAR-Iranian relations, 198
• Pakistan (see also Pakistan and Pakistani subentries under other subjects):
  • Abu Dhabi Air Force arrangements with, 121, 122
  • Bahrain, relations with, 81
  • CENTO, 8, 28, 33
  • Civil war in, 29
  • Desalting, 9
  • Indian Islamic summit role, 10
  • Indo-Pakistani War, 36, 65, 69, 70, 122
  • Oman, relations with, 106
  • People’s Republic of China, relations with, 28, 57
  • Persian Gulf leadership role for, 122
  • Political situation, 6
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 133
  • U.S. basing arrangements with, 43
  • U.S. military aid and sales, 21
• Palestine:
  • Red Crescent organization, 239
  • Refugees, 3, 127, 131
  • Saudi policy toward, 151
  • Saudi-U.S. relations as affected by, 133
• Palestine Liberation Army (see also Fedayeen), 317, 322
• Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO):
  • Creation of liberated area in northern Jordan, 263
  • Fatah merger with, 7
  • Islamic summit role of, 10
  • Kuwaiti aid to, 18
  • Meeting in response to Jordan conflict, 248
  • Moroccan aid to, 18
  • PFLP expulsion from, 234
• Palestinian-Jordanian conflict. See under Jordan.
• Palestinians, 36
• Parmenter, William, 58
• Parsons, Tony, 100, 117, 125
• Paul VI, Pope, 240
• Peace Corps, 133, 184, 198
• Pederson, Richard F., 3, 72, 83
• Pelletreau, Robert H., 112
• People’s Republic of China (see also People’s Republic of China subentries under other subjects):
  • Greece, relations with, 151
  • Indian Ocean actions of, 47, 57, 58
  • India, relations with, 65
  • Iran, relations with, 151
  • Italy, relations with, 151
  • Kuwait, relations with, 36
  • Lebanon, relations with, 151
  • Nixon visit (1972), 32
  • Pakistan, relations with, 28, 57
  • Philippines, relations with, 151
  • Sri Lanka, relations with, 151
  • Syria, relations with, 16
  • Tanzania, relations with, 57
  • Turkey, relations with, 151
  • Yemen Arab Republic, relations with, 158
  • Yemen PDR, relations with, 151, 158, 160, 181
• Peres, Shimon, 239
• Perim Island, 196
• Persian Gulf (see also Gulf islands dispute):
  • Arab-Israeli dispute’s effect on, 76, 82
  • British-Iranian talks, 88
  • British-U.S. talks on, 72, 84, 86, 88, 117
  • British views on issues in, 93, 101
  • British withdrawal from, 6
    • Bahraini position, 81
    • British policy on, 98
    • British role following, 93, 117, 120
    • Conservative Party reevaluation of, 85, 93
    • Implementation of, 112
    • Iranian position, 85
    • Leadership roles after, 122
    • Saudi position, 140
    • Soviet response to, 140
    • U.S. planning for, 13, 82, 83, 96
  • CENTO assessment of the situation in, 36
  • CIA views toward, 75, 96, 122
  • Domino theory as applied to, 101
  • Iranian-Arab conflict in, 72, 80
  • Iranian economic aid to states in, 103
  • Iranian views on issues in, 101
  • Iraqi objective in, 88, 122
  • Israeli views on issues in, 101
  • Japanese role in, 83
  • Jordanian role in, 117
  • Jordanian views on issues in, 101
  • Limitations on U.S. action in, 82
  • NATO role in, 83
  • Oil production in, 82
  • Oil settlement, Feb. 1971, 94
  • Palestinian residents of, 82
  • Regional security arrangement proposal, 74
  • Revolutionary movements in, 122
  • Rogers’s visit to, 118
  • Saudi-Iranian cooperation in, 82, 119
  • Saudi policy in, 72, 95, 101
  • Soviet interests in, 82, 88, 96, 101, 116, 122
  • U.S. policy in:
    • Arms sales, 82, 117, 119, 120
    • IG papers on, 76, 82
    • NSDM 92, 91, 102, 113
    • NSSM 66, 73, 89
    • Options for, 89
    • Saudi Arabia as factor in, 158
    • Support for “chosen instrument” in, 82, 89
    • U.S. embassy in Iran views toward, 77
  • U.S. presence in, 82, 83, 89, 101, 122
  • U.S. role in, 24, 99
• Petromin, 133, 148, 164
• Phantom fighters, 129, 137, 141, 174
• Pharaon, Rashid, 127, 151
• Philippines, 151
• Pickering, Thomas, 50
• Podgorny, Nikolai V., 187
• Political parties:
  • Arab Nationalist Movement (Bahrain), 36, 122
  • Arab Nationalist Movement (Saudi Arabia), 133
  • Arab Socialist Union (UAR), 16
  • Ba’ath (Bahrain), 36, 122
  • Ba’ath (Iraq), 116, 253
  • Ba’ath (Saudi Arabia), 133
  • Ba’ath (Syria), 16
  • Conservative (UK), 85
  • Democratic (U.S.), 291, 318
  • Front for the Liberation of South Yemen (FLOSY), 182
  • Labour (UK), 85
  • National Front (Yemen PDR), 171, 172, 182
  • National Liberation Front (Saudi Arabia), 133
  • National Liberation Front-Bahrain (NLF–B), 36, 122
  • National Unity Front (NUF) (South Yemen), 36, 183, 187, 196
  • Popular Front for Liberation of the Occupied Arab Gulf (PFLOAG), 36, 101, 117, 122
  • Republican (U.S.), 318
  • South Arabian League (SAL) (Yemen PDR), 182
• Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (see also Fedayeen):
  • Arab support for, 203
  • Arab views toward, 211, 227
  • Demands of hijackers in Jordan:
    • Initial statements, 205, 209
    • Israeli acceptance of prisoner release “in principle,” 243, 245, 246
    • PFLP counter-proposal, 221, 222, 224
    • Release of European-held prisoners, 246
  • Expulsion from PLO, 234
  • Fedayeen views toward, 227
  • ICRC search for valid negotiator from, 324
  • Iraqi collusion with, 229
  • Kuwaiti demonstrations by, 27
  • Lebanese representative as channel, 326
  • Tapline sabotage, 133
  • Tension among hijackers, 225
  • Threat if hostages harmed to, 210, 213, 219
  • Ultimatum to Swiss Government, 202
  • Zayn as intermediary in talks, 277
• Portugal, 25
• Pranger, Robert J., 78, 135
  • Hijackings, 214, 222
  • Indian Ocean, 50, 58, 64
  • Jordan:
    • Israeli military intervention in, 290, 303
    • Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
    • Syrian military intervention in, 281
    • U.S. military aid to, 326
    • U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
    • U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in, 317
  • Persian Gulf, 83
  • Soviet and U.S. naval interests in Indian Ocean, 46
  • U.S. Mediterranean policy, 22
  • U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
• Pravda, 264
• Proctor, Edward, 9, 83
• Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 127
• Proxmire, William, 40
• Qabus bin Taymoor, Sultan, 36, 72
  • Dhofar guerrilla movement, 152, 158
  • Palace coup by, 87, 106, 122
• Qadhafi, Muammar:
  • Boumediene tensions with, 18
  • Cancelled visit to Yemen, Sept. 1971, 186
  • Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 263, 271, 272, 280
  • Libyan military aid and sales to YAR, 196
  • Mediterranean-area foreign military bases, proposed elimination of, 31
  • Nationalization of BP interests in Libya, 112
  • overthrow of King Idris, 11, 130
• Qatar (see also Federation of Arab Amirates (FAA); Qatar and Qatari subentries under other subjects):
  • Arab League membership for, 112
  • Assessment of situation in, 36, 117
  • CIA views toward, 122
  • Deposing of ruler of, possible, 113, 122
  • Economic situation, 94
  • As FAA (or UAE) member, 72, 90, 98, 100
  • Independence for, 101, 104, 158
  • Oil company agreements with, 94
  • Oil revenues, 140
  • Saudi Arabia, relations with, 158
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 36
  • UAE, relations with, 117
  • UN membership for, 91, 98, 112
  • U.S. diplomatic recognition of, 102, 113
• Qawassim, 72
• Quemoy, 318
• Rabin, Yitzhak:
  • British military intervention in Jordan, 288
  • Desalting, 9, 35
  • Hijackings, 215
  • Israeli military intervention in Jordan:
    • Air strikes on Syrian forces, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 290
    • Ground forces, 292, 293, 299
    • U.S.-Israeli discussions on, 283, 287, 289, 301, 302
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304, 307, 312
    • Sisco-Rabin conversations on, 301, 302, 304, 306, 307, 308
  • Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 260, 262
  • Syrian battles with Jordanian forces, 304, 313
  • U.S. commitments to Israel, 327
  • U.S.-Israeli relations, 3
• Ramsbotham, Peter, 107
• Ras al-Khaimah:
  • Delay in joining UAE, 103, 109, 112, 113
  • As FAA member, 72, 98
  • Foreign financial aid to, 122
  • Gulf island dispute, 84, 88, 98, 104, 107, 112
  • Iraqi influence in, 122
  • Request for U.S. support, 109
  • Saudi aid for road building, 158
  • Union with Oman, possible, 122
• Rashid bin Saeed Al Makhtoum, Shaikh of Dubai, 34, 72, 79, 117
• Raytheon Corporation:
  • Arms sales to Kuwait, 111, 123
  • Cross-border weapons compatibility, 108
  • Hawk missile program, 152, 162
  • Khashoggi’s association with, 162
  • Saudi Arabian operations of, 133
  • Saudi National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 156, 165, 169
• Refugees:
  • Palestinian, 3, 9, 127, 131, 286
  • Yemeni, 197
• Reindeer Station Project, 42, 44
• Richardson, Elliot L., 3, 9, 78, 178
• Rifai, Zaid:
  • Hijackings, 213
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 311, 316
  • Jordan’s request for field hospitals, 270
  • Request for U.S./Israeli/British military intervention, 281, 282, 307
  • UNSC meeting on Jordan crisis, 276
• Robinson, Adm. R.C., 260, 264, 303
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
  • U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
  • U.S. military aid to Jordan, 326
  • U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in Jordan, 317
• Rochat, Andre:
  • Arrival in Amman of, 209
  • Departure from Jordan of, 239, 244
  • Extension of hijackers’ deadline, 215, 216, 218
  • First round of talks by, 213, 214
  • ICRC convoy stopped by fedayeen, 230
  • PFLP counter-proposal, 221, 224
  • Tension among hijackers, 225
• Rockefeller, Nelson A., 23
• Rockefeller Foundation, 198
• Rockwell, Stuart W., 72
• Rodman, Peter W., 76, 83, 89, 312, 317
• Rogers, William P., 135, 276, 324
  • Arab-Israeli dispute, 1, 15, 18
  • Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
  • British arms sales to South Africa, 53
  • CENTO, 21, 32, 33
  • Desalting, 5, 14
  • Diego Garcia, 37
  • Federation of Arab Amirates, 98
  • Gulf islands dispute, 105
  • Hijackings:
    • Appeal for intercession by Arab states, 211, 213
    • Conversations with Kissinger on, 227, 231
    • Meetings with Nixon on, 209
    • Meeting with ambassadors on prisoner release, 207, 234
    • Passengers removed to hotels, 231
  • Indian Ocean, 41, 42, 54
    • As area free of major-power competition, 55, 57, 58, 62, 68
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 307
  • Jordan:
    • Hussein’s request for military intervention, 285
    • Hussein strike against fedayeen, possible, 217
    • Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 287, 318
    • Israeli ground forces in, 292, 293, 294, 295, 298, 299, 300
    • Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 256, 257, 258, 260, 261
    • Messages to Soviets on, 311
    • Soviet views on conflict in, 272
    • Statement to Hussein, 280
    • Syrian military intervention in, 275, 276
    • Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
  • Middle East, 3
  • Oman, 106
  • Persian Gulf, 72, 86, 91, 113, 120
  • Saudi Arabia:
    • National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 165, 167
    • Naval force development in, 157
    • Prince Fahd’s visit, 130, 131, 134
    • Sultan visit to United States, June 1972, 161
    • United States, relations with, 136, 168
  • United Arab Emirates (UAE), 106
  • U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19, 26
  • Visits:
    • Egypt, Saudi Arabia, May 1971, 149, 159, 184
    • Kuwait, Bahrain, Yemen, July 1972, 117, 118
    • Yemen, July 1972, 193
  • Yemen Arab Republic, 173, 178, 184, 189
  • Yemen People’s Democratic Republic, 175
• Rohan, Denis Michael, 10
• Romania, 133
• Rosier, Air Marshall Frederick, 6
• Rostow, Eugene, 83
• Rubayya’, Salim, 172, 176
• Ruiz, Aldelmo, 198
• Rush, Kenneth, 167
• Russell, Richard, 39, 299, 303
• Sabah al-Salem al Sabah, Emir, 72, 116, 140
• Sabbaugh, Isa, 151
• Sa’d al-’Abdullah al-Salim al Sabah, Shaykh, 108, 121, 123
• Sadat, Anwar:
  • Anti-Soviet actions of, 31
  • Arab-Israeli dispute, 153
  • Saudi-Egyptian relations, 153, 160, 161, 189
  • Suez Canal, 155
• Sa’id bin Taymoor, Sultan of Oman, 87, 122
• Saint George, Rear Adm. William, 50, 58
• Saiqah, 272
• Saladin, 253
• Sansom, Robert, 50
• Saqqaf, Sayyid Omar:
  • Abu Dhabi-Saudi Arabia territorial dispute, 125
  • Federation of Arab Amirates, 99
  • Iranian claims on Bahrain, 127
  • Prince Fahd’s visit to United States, 131, 132
  • Saudi military planning against Yemen People’s Democratic Republic, 147
  • U.S. arms sales to Israel, 141
  • U.S. military aid and sales to YAR, 197
  • Yemen PDR, 181, 183, 188
• Saqr bin Mohammed al Qassimi, Sheikh of Ras al-Khaimah, 113
• Saragat, Giuseppe, 226
• Saudi Arabia (see also Saudi Arabia and Saudi subentries under other subjects):
  • Abu Dhabi, territorial dispute with, 36, 88, 93, 95, 122, 125, 158, 159, 191
  • Algeria, relations with, 140
  • Arabian Peninsula role of, 158
  • Bahrain, relations with, 81, 99
  • British military training and sales to, 133, 137, 156, 162, 165
  • Communism in, 161
  • Country Policy Statement on, 133, 135
  • Defense planning by, 142, 144, 152
  • Eastern Europe oil barter arrangements with, 133
  • Economic situation, 128, 131, 133, 140, 152
    • CIA paper on, 148
    • Oil wealth, 94, 169
  • Emergency relief for Jordan via, 332, 333
  • Ethiopia, relations with, 133
  • Fedayeen funded by, 7
  • France, trade with, 140
  • French military training and sales to, 133, 137, 162, 165
  • Internal development in, 131, 133, 140, 148, 149
  • Internal security situation:
    • Iranian position, 135
    • Moroccan position, 135
    • Prospects for the post-Faisal era, 146, 153
    • U.S. position, 133, 135, 146
  • Iran, relations with:
    • Bahrain claim by Iran, 127
    • Joint military aid and sales to Yemen, 189
    • Obstacles in, 76, 82, 140
    • Saudi position, 132, 160
    • U.S. position, 96, 159, 161
    • Zahedi-Faisal talks, 88
  • Iraq, relations with, 181
  • Japanese role in, 83
  • Jerusalem’s status, 127, 133, 147, 149, 151
  • Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 264, 274
  • Kuwait, relations with, 161
  • Military situation:
    • Growth in military expenditures, 134
    • Military manpower deficit, 159
    • National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 156, 162, 165, 167, 169
    • Naval force development, 136, 137, 138, 140, 142, 144, 145, 152, 157
  • NIE: “The Outlook for Saudi Arabia,” 140
  • Oil company agreements with, 94, 148, 164
  • Oman, relations with, 87, 133, 152, 158, 189
  • Pakistan, relations with, 133
  • Palestinian residents of, 147
  • Persian Gulf leadership role for, 122
  • PFLP sabotage of Tapline, 133
  • Policy Analysis and Recommended Action (PARA) paper on, 152, 158
  • Political situation, 133
  • Post-Faisal regime prospects, 153
  • Qatar, relations with, 158
  • Regionalism in, 133
  • Spanish military sales to, 165
  • Succession question, 153
  • Syria, relations with, 181
  • UAE, relations with, 133, 158, 191
  • UAR, relations with, 153, 159, 160, 161
  • UAR airdrop of weapons to rebels in, 1964, 161
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 86
  • United States, relations with:
    • ARAMCO offtake problem, 128, 136
    • Cooperation efforts, 160, 161
    • Fahd’s visit, 130, 131, 132, 134, 136
    • Faisal’s unrealistic attitudes, 147
    • Nixon Doctrine, 139
    • Oil issues, 164, 166, 168, 169
    • Palestine issue, 133
  • U.S. economic aid to, 133, 152
  • U.S. military aid and sales to, 135
    • Aircraft purchases, 137, 152
    • Ex-Im Bank financing, 145, 163
    • Payment equalization for weapons purchases, 131, 136
  • U.S. military presence in, 82
  • U.S. Military Training Mission in, 133
  • U.S. policy on, 133, 152
  • Yemen Arab Republic, relations with, 117, 179, 180
  • Yemen People’s Democratic Republic, relations with, 133
    • Saudi military planning, 140, 147
    • U.S. position, 171, 181
    • Wadia attack, 137
    • Yemen PDR position, 171
• Saud ibn Abdul Aziz ibn Abd al- Rahman Al Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, 161, 165
• Saunders, Harold H., 54, 202
  • CENTO, 6, 21, 107
  • Desalting, 9, 12
  • Diego Garcia, 38, 52
  • Fahd’s visits to United States, 132, 134, 155
  • Federation of Arab Amirates, 98, 99
  • Gulf islands dispute, 98
  • Hijackings, 214, 222
  • Indian Ocean, 48, 50, 58, 70
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
  • Jordan:
    • Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 290
    • Israeli military intervention in, 303
    • Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
    • Soviet military intervention in, U.S. strategies for deterrence of, 317
    • Syrian military intervention in, 281
    • U.S. military aid to, 326
    • U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
    • Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 322
  • Lebanon, 326
  • Middle East, 2, 3
  • Nixon’s oral message to King Faisal, 143
  • Persian Gulf, 72, 76, 83, 89, 93, 118
  • Saudi aircraft purchases, 149
  • Saudi-Iranian relations, 189
  • Saudi-Jordanian relations, 189
  • Sultan’s visit to United States, June 1972, 159, 160
  • U.S. commitments to Israel, 327
  • U.S. Mediterranean policy, 22
  • U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
  • U.S.-Saudi oil relations, 168
  • Yemen-Saudi relations, 180
• SAVAK, 72
• Scandinavia, 83
• Scheel, Alex, 313
• Schiff, Stanley D., 28, 29, 68, 152
• Schlesinger, James, 9, 58
• Schneider, David, 56
• Scotes, Thomas J., 124, 211, 234, 243, 244, 271
• Scott, Hugh, 291
• Seaborg, Glen T., 5, 14
• Seelye, Talcott W., 200, 201, 208, 211, 234, 237, 243, 244, 245, 249, 268, 271, 279, 321, 324, 329
  • Israeli military intervention in Jordan, 303
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
  • Lebanon, 326
  • Syrian military intervention in Jordan, 281
  • U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
  • U.S. military aid to Jordan, 326
  • U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in Jordan, 317
• Selassie, Haile, 31
• Selden, Armistead I., Jr., 61, 69, 114, 157
• Senate, U.S.:
  • Baker Resolution, 4
  • Case Resolution, 118
  • Foreign Relations Committee, 4, 113, 157
• Senior Review Group meetings:
  • Sept. 23, 1969, 9
  • May 21, 1970, 22
  • June 5, 1970, 83
  • Nov. 26, 1970 (cancelled), 91
  • Dec. 9, 1970, 50
  • Apr. 22, 1971, 56, 58, 59
  • Aug. 11, 1971, 59
  • Oct. 6, 1971, 59, 61, 64
• Seychelles, 36, 37, 43, 52
• Shaabi, Faisal Abd al-Latif al-, 172
• Sha’abi, Qahtan Mohammed al-, 171, 172, 174
• Shakespeare, Frank, 9, 22, 83, 91, 159, 261
• Sharaf, Abdul Hamid, 18, 211, 234
• Sharjah, 36, 72
  • Assassination of ruler, 113
  • As FAA (or UAE) member, 72, 98
  • Fujairah fight over farmland with, 122
  • Gulf island dispute, 84, 88, 98, 104, 107, 112
  • Saudi aid for road building, 158
• Sharm el-Sheikh, 151
• Shatt al-Arab dispute, 82
• Ship submersible ballistic nuclear (SSBN) submarines, 59, 61, 69
• Shultz, George, 120
• Sieverts, Frank, 326
• Sikes, Robert L.F., 39
• Simonstown Agreement, 41
• Sinai Peninsula, 2
• Singapore, 41, 46, 50, 57
• Singh, Dinesh, 38
• Sirri Island, 72
• Sisco, Joseph J., 7, 79, 104, 130, 138, 139, 205, 210, 211, 219, 220, 234, 236, 243, 244, 271, 276, 277, 324, 329
  • Abu Dhabi-Saudi Arabia territorial dispute, 125
  • Arab-Israeli dispute, 15, 118
  • Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
  • Bahrain, 81
  • CENTO, 21, 29, 33
  • Diego Garcia, 37
  • Federation of Arab Amirates, 97, 100
  • Hijackings, 232, 233
    • Briefing of Rabin on, 215
    • British-U.S. talks on, 245, 254, 255
    • Meetings with Nixon on, 209
    • PFLP offers on prisoner exchange, 267
    • UN humanitarian presence at hostage sites, 223
    • Washington Special Actions Group meetings on, 214, 222
  • Indian Ocean, 50, 68
  • Israeli military intervention in Syria, 301, 302, 304, 307
    • Sisco-Rabin conversations on, 301, 302, 304, 306, 307, 308
  • Jordan:
    • British-U.S talks on, 249
    • Hussein’s request for military intervention, 285
    • Israeli military intervention in:
      • Air strikes on Syrian forces, 283, 286, 287, 290
      • Ground forces, 292, 293, 295, 297, 299
      • Hussein’s reaction to Israeli ground forces, 300, 302
      • Israeli-U.S. discussions on, 301, 302
      • Soviet messages on, 307
      • U.S. as intermediary, 314
      • U.S. questions for Hussein on, 309
    • Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 256, 260, 313
    • Syrian military intervention in, 281, 307
    • U.S. military aid and sales, 17
    • Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
  • Kuwait, 78
  • Middle East, 3
  • Oman, 191
  • Persian Gulf, 72, 84, 88, 91, 93, 116
  • Ras al-Khaimah, 109
  • Release of AID workers, 192
  • Saudi Arabia:
    • Country Policy Statement on, 133
    • Ex-Im Bank financing for military purchases, 163
    • Internal security situation, 135
    • King Faisal’s visit to United States, May 1971, 151
    • National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 156, 165
    • Naval force development in, 145
    • Prince Fahd’s visits to United States, 131, 155
    • Sultan’s visit to United States, June 1972, 161, 191
    • United States, relations with, 136
  • U.S. commitments to Israel, 327
  • U.S. Mediterranean policy, 26
  • Yemen Arab Republic, 184, 191
  • Yemen People’s Democratic Republic, 171, 175, 181
• Six-day War, June 1967, 133
• Smith, Gerard, 70
• Smith, K. Wayne, 54
  • Indian Ocean, 45, 48, 50, 51, 57, 58, 59
  • Kuwait arms purchase eligibility, 92
• Smith, R. Jack, 22
• Smith, Walter B., II, 84, 223, 266
• Sober, Sidney, 8
• Socotra Island, 61, 181
• Somalia, 31, 36, 52
• Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, 54
  • British arms sales to South Africa, 53
  • Indian Ocean, 50, 58, 59, 61, 70
  • Jordan, 265, 273
  • Moscow summit agenda items for, 70
  • Persian Gulf, 100
  • U.S. Mediterranean policy, 22
• South Africa:
  • Arms embargo against, 53
  • British arms sales to, 41, 45, 53, 57
  • British base agreement, 41
  • Indian Ocean role of, 42, 50
  • U.S. aircraft sales to, 318
  • U.S. military cooperation with, 46
  • U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
• South Arabia, Federation of (see also Yemen, People’s Democratic Republic of), 140
• Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 46, 50, 161
• South Yemen, People’s Republic of. See