Index

Abdullah bin Abd al-Aziz al Saud, 156, 162, 165
Abedi, Agha Hassain, 34
Abshire, David M., 214
Abu Dhabi:
- Air Force arrangements with Pakistan, 121, 122
- BCCI established in, 34
- CIA views toward, 122
- Dubai, conflict with, 72, 117
- Economic situation, 94
- As FAA (or UAE) member, 72, 97, 100
- Oil company agreements with, 94
- Oil revenues, 140
- Saudi Arabian territorial dispute with, 36, 88, 93, 95, 122, 125, 158, 159, 191
- Saudi seizure of, possible, 101
Abu Musa dispute (see also Gulf islands dispute):
- Agreement on, 107, 112, 122
- British-U.S. talks on, 72, 84, 93
- Iranian position, 86, 98
- Kuwaiti position, 80
- U.S. position, 88, 95, 96
Acland, Anthony, 97, 105
Adham, Kamal, 88, 116, 162, 182, 183, 188
Afshar, Amir Aslan, 72, 105, 107
Afshar, Hushang, 88
Agency for International Development, U.S. (AID)
- Desalting, 9, 35
- Emergency relief for Jordan, 326
- Logo on arms shipment to rebels in Yemen PDR, 171, 183
- Naval force development in Saudi Arabia, 145
- Release in Yemen of workers from, 192
- YAR economic aid projects, 184, 190, 198
Agnew, Spiro:
- NSC Middle East meetings, 3
- Saudi-U.S. relations, 131
- Visits:
  - Kuwait, July 1971, 108
  - Saudi Arabia, July 1971, 104, 155, 159, 191
Agreements, international:
- Chicago Convention, 71
- Geneva Convention on the High Seas, 1958, 69
- Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, 65
- Soviet-Iraq Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, 122
- Tokyo Convention on Offenses and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, Sept. 1963, 200
Agreements of the United States:
- Air Defense Agreement with India, 46
- Anglo-American BIOT Agreement (Dec. 1966), 37, 39
- Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations, and Consular Rights with Oman, 1960, 87
Agriculture, U.S. Department of, 133
Ahmad ibn Ali al Thani, Shaykh, 36, 113
Ahmad, Shaykh of Qatar, 158
Ajman, 72, 90, 98, 107, 122
Akins, James, 164
Al-Aqsa Mosque fire, Aug. 1969, 10
Aldabra, 39, 49
Algeria:
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Oil company agreements with, 164
- Release of officials by Israel, 235, 236, 246, 267, 268
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 140
- Soviet military stockpiling in, 3
- Soviet Union, relations with, 20
- United States, relations with, 26, 193
Ali, Anwar, 133, 136, 140
Allon, Yigal, 3, 214, 299, 307, 308, 309, 311
Allon Plan, 3, 214
Ameen, Michael, 141
American Express, 34
American Friends of the Middle East (AFME), 184
American University, Beirut, 198
Amri, Hassan al-, 186
Anderson, George, 23, 25
Anderson, G. Norman, 16
Annenberg, Walter, 66, 84, 88, 105, 314
Antar, Ali, 172
Anti-American activities, 153
Anti-ballistic missile (ABM), 318
ANZUS, 46, 50, 161
Apartheid, 41
Arab American Oil Company (ARAMCO) (see also Oil):
- Labor relations, 133
- As largest single U.S. overseas investment, 169
- Offtake problem, 128, 136
- Production increase projections, 148
Arabian Peninsula, 158, 159
Arab-Israeli dispute:
- Bahraini position, 81, 118
- Israeli position, 2
- NSC papers on, 1
- Persian Gulf as affected by, 76, 82
- Rhodes formula, 16
- Saudi position, 127, 131, 149, 170
- Settlement of, possible, 2, 15
- Soviet position, 16
- U.S. peace initiatives, 27
- U.S. position, 1, 24
- U.S.-Soviet note exchange on, 127
Arab League:
- Gulf islands dispute, 110
- Gulf states’ membership in, 112
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 263
- Saudi-Yemen PDR border clashes, 175
- Syrian military intervention in Jordan, 280
- YAR-Yemen PDR mediation efforts, 196
Arab Summit, Cairo, Sept. 1970, 303, 304, 312
Arab Summit, Rabat, 1969, 18
Arab Summit, Rabat, 1970, 176
Arafat, Yasir:
- Arab mediation between Hussein and, 263, 303
- Casualties in Amman conflict, 313
- Ceasefire agreement, 330
- Jordanian army charged with ceasefire violations by, 328
- Kuwaiti views toward, 118
- Nasser’s relationship with, 271
- Opposition to ceasefire in Jordan, 316
- Return to Jordan of, 334
- Soviet views toward, 265
- Unification of Palestinian forces in Jordan, 248
Aram, Abbas, 72
ARAMCO. See Arab American Oil Company (ARAMCO).
Argov, Shlomo, 264, 311
Ariana, Bahram, 6
Arms control, 56, 57, 58, 59, 66, 67
Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), 69
Arthur, Geoffrey, 72, 86
Asnaj, Abdullah al-, 186
Assar, Nassir, 32, 33
Atassi, Noureddin Mustafa al-, 280
Atherton, Alfred L., Jr., 93, 109, 112, 115, 117, 124, 125, 158, 184, 188, 306, 311
- Bahrain, 81
- Hijackings, 223
- Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 290
- Syrian military intervention in Jordan, 281
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 4
Australia:
- Bahrain, relations with, 81
- Fremantle/Cockburn naval base, 46
- Indian Ocean role of, 41, 42, 45, 57
- U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
Awlaqi, Muhammad Salih, 172
Ayni, Muhsin Ahmad al-, 118, 184, 186, 187, 193, 196, 198
Ayub Khan, 6
Badr al-Khalid, 72
Badr bin-Abdul Aziz, Prince, 162
Baghdad Pact, 20
Bahrain (see also Bahrain and Bahraini subentries under other subjects; Federation of Arab Amirates (FAA)):
- Arab League membership for, 112
- Assessment of situation in, 36, 117
- Australia, relations with, 81
- CIA views toward, 122
- Economic situation, 94
- As FAA (or UAE) member, 72, 78, 79, 81, 90, 98, 100
- Independence for, 80, 81, 98, 99, 101, 102, 104, 158
- Iranian claims to:
  - British-U.S. talks on, 72
  - Relinquishing of, 82
  - Saudi position, 127
  - Shah’s New Delhi statement, 127
  - U.S. position, 76, 77
- Iraq, relations with, 81
- As MIDEASTFOR home port, 43, 96, 99, 112, 113
- Oil revenues, 94, 140
- Pakistan, relations with, 81
- Radical government in, prospects for, 96, 101, 122
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 81, 99
- Soviet Union, relations with, 36, 81
- United States, relations with:
  - Diplomatic recognition, 102, 113
  - Rogers’s visit, July 1972, 118
  - U.S. military presence, 81
- UN membership for, 91, 98, 112
- U.S. military aid and sales to, 163
- U.S. naval facilities in, 46, 61, 82, 89
- U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
Baker, Howard H., Jr., 4, 9
Baker, William, 23
Balance of payments:
- Gulf states’ problems with, 94
- Kuwaiti arms purchases and, 92
- Persian gulf oil relations, 82
- Positive U.S. levels due to U.S. oil companies, 13, 76, 77, 96, 130, 133, 146, 169
- Saudi improvement in, 148
- Saudi investments in oil facilities and, 164, 168, 169
- U.S. arms sales to Saudi Arabia and, 156
- U.S. trade surplus in Persian Gulf, 101
Bandaranaike, Felix D., 65
Bandaranaike, Sirimavo, 55, 59, 60, 61, 62
Bangladesh, 21, 34, 122
Bank of America, 34
Bank of Credit and Commerce International S.A. (BCCI), 34
Bara’kat, Ahmad, 173
Bar Lev Line, 214, 265
Bayhan, 182
Beam, Jacob D.:
- Indian Ocean, 59, 61, 68, 70
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 267, 272, 273
Beaudry, Robert M., 236, 237, 243, 244, 245, 324
Bell Helicopter Co., 108, 111
Bennett, Lt. Gen. Donald V., 108
Bergus, Donald C., 280
Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali, 34, 122
Bishi, Ali al-, 172
Blee, David H.:
- Hijackings, 222
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
  - Israeli military intervention in, 303
  - Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 260
  - Syrian military intervention in, 281
  - U.S. military aid to, 326
  - U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
  - U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in, 317
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
Boisard, Marcel A., 241, 242, 244, 245, 268
Boissier, Leopold, 268, 324
Boumediene, Houari, 18
Bowley, Albert J., 22
Boyd, Col. Earl L., 323
Brandt, Willy, 225, 233
Brewer, William D., 78, 79, 127, 130, 135, 139, 175
- Persian Gulf, British-U.S. talks on, 72
- Prince Fahd’s visit to United States, 131
- Saudi-U.S. relations, 147
- Yemen PDR–U.S. relations, 171
Brezhnev, Leonid, 58
Brimelow, Thomas, 100
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 83
British Council, 117, 198
British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT). See Diego Garcia.
British Petroleum (BP), 112
Brosio, Manlio, 11, 323
Brown, Elizabeth, 72, 307
Brown, L. Dean:
- Appointment as ambassador to Jordan of, 246, 262
- Ceasefire agreement, 330
- Emergency relief for Jordan, 332
- Establishment of “branch” U.S. embassy in Amman, 332
- Hussein’s conversations with, 260
- Hussein’s reaction to Israeli ground forces in Jordan, 300, 315, 316
- Hussein’s request for assistance against Syrians, 280, 282, 284
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304, 313, 315
- Release of last hostages, 333
- Syrian threat to Jordan, 252
- UAR role in Jordan conflict, 281
- UNSC meeting on Syrian intervention in Jordan, 276
- U.S. military aid to Jordan, 254, 332
- U.S. or Israeli intervention in Jordan, possible, 271, 307, 309
Buck, Stephen W., 198
Buffum, William, 72
Bunche, Ralph, 16
Bunker, Ellsworth, 177
Buraimi oasis dispute, 72, 96, 122, 140, 159
Burchinal, Gen. David A., 281
Buttes Oil Company, 107
Caglayangil, Ihsan Sabri, 21
Cairo Agreement, Sept. 27, 1970, 303, 330, 331, 332, 333
Cambodia, 21, 267, 290, 298, 326
Campbell, Stephen J., 251
Cam Ranh Bay, 40
Canada, 83, 168
Cargo, William I., 9, 22
Carolan, Thomas, 72
Carrington, Lord Peter, 49, 53
Case, Clifford P., 118
Catholic Relief Services, 184
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA):
- Bahrain, 122
- Cairo Agreement, Sept. 1970, 331
- Hijackings, 272
- Indian Ocean, 45, 50, 69
- Jordan, 254, 274, 286
- Papers:
  - ER IM 71–43 “Some Revenue Implications of the 14
    - February Oil Settlement with the Persian Gulf States,” 94
  - ER IM 71–70 “Saudi Arabia’s Changed Financial Outlook,” 148
  - On prospects for post-Faisal Saudi Arabia, 153
  - “The Persian Gulf: The End of the Pax Brittanica,” 122
- Persian Gulf, 75, 96, 99, 122
- Soviet covert activity in Middle East, 31
Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), 50
- Assessment of situation in area of, 36
- British role in, 86
- British-U.S. talks on, 28
- Dissolution of, 28
- Economic, Technological, and Scientific Cooperation Meeting, Tehran, Mar. 1971, 58
- Future of, 8
- Iranian withdrawal from, possible, 101
- MIDLINK naval exercises, 107
- Multilateral Industrial Fund proposal, 28
- Nixon’s meetings with officials of, 6, 21
- Political guidelines for military planning, 33
Ceylon. See Sri Lanka.
Chaban-Delmas, Jacques, 334
Chafee, John H., 40, 41
Chagos Archipelago. See Diego Garcia.
Chapin, Dwight, 134
Chapman, Christian, 78
Chase, Robert W., 33, 35, 68
Chicago Sun Times, 261
Childs, Timothy W., 93, 271
Chile, 232
Clarke, Bruce C., 50
Cline, Ray S., 176
Cocos (Keeling) Islands, 43
Commerce, U.S. Department of, 78, 133, 149
Commonwealth Prime Ministers Conference, 1971, 48
Communism:
- Kuwaiti position, 116
- Saudi position, 127, 129, 132
- U.S. position, 132
- Zionism as, 127, 147, 149, 151, 159, 170
Congdon, Capt. Robert N., 22
Congress, Acts of:
- Foreign Assistance Act (1961), 35
- Foreign Assistance Authorization Act (1969), 12
- Foreign Military Sales Act (FMSA), 78, 92
- Military Construction Appropriations Bill (1971), 44
- P.L. 480, 198
Congress, U.S. (see also House of Representatives, U.S.; Senate, U.S.):
- Diego Garcia base hearings, 37
- Israeli military intervention in Jordan, 291, 299, 303, 315
Connally, John, 169, 170
Controlled tension, 16
Conway, Gen. Theodore J., 6
Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, 133, 152
Coyne, J. Patrick, 23
Crawford, Stewart, 72, 100
Crawford, William R., 198
Crocker, Chester A., 61, 70
Cronkite, Walter, 267
Cuba, 313, 318
Curran, Robert T., 219, 276
Cushman, Lt. Gen. Robert E.:
- Indian Ocean, 61
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan, 260, 290, 297, 303
Custer, B. Scott, 103
Cyprus:
- French radio transmitter on, 22
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 254, 264, 267, 274, 313
- Movement away from neutrality, possible, 25
- Soviet covert activity in, 31
- Turkish interest in, 3
Czechoslovakia, 21
Dana, Col. Vali Allah, 6
Daud, Brig. Gen. Muhammad, 248, 253, 260
Davies, Rodger P., 79, 109, 111, 138, 139, 175, 183, 188, 199, 200, 201, 219, 220, 237, 259, 266, 271, 311, 329
- Hijackings, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 68
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 312
- Jordan:
  - Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
  - Soviet views on conflict in, 272, 273, 286, 307
  - U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
- Middle East, 3, 9
- Persian Gulf, 72, 93
- Saudi Arabia, 135, 164
- Yemen Arab Republic, 198
Davis, Jeanne W., 82
- Desalting, 9
- Hijackings, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 50, 58, 61
- Jordan:
  - Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
  - Syrian military intervention in, 281
  - U.S. military aid to, 326
  - U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
  - U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in, 317
- Persian Gulf, 83
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
Davis, Richard T., 55
Day, Arthur, 72
Dayan, Gen. Moshe, 251, 278, 290, 307
Defense, U.S. Department of:
- Naval force development in Saudi Arabia, 157
- Persian Gulf arms sales, 89
- Soviet naval threat in Indian Ocean, 45
- U.S. arms sales to Kuwait, 108, 111, 114
Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), 303, 317
Defense Security Assistance Agency (DSAA), 157
DeGaulle, Charles, 3
Demirel, Süleyman, 334
Denney, George C., Jr., 10
Desalting:
- Joint U.S./Israeli project for, 9, 12, 14, 35
- Long-range Middle East program for, 4, 5
- U.S. aid to Saudi Arabia for, 133, 149, 152
Dhofar, 152
- Iranian concerns over rebellion in, 198
- Jordanian troops in, 189
- People’s Republic of China aid to rebels in, 122, 158, 198
- Rebels as threat to Saudi Arabia, 137
- Rebel success, possibility of, 101
- Successes in campaign against rebels, 36, 117, 158
- Sultan Sa’id’s impact on, 87
- Yemen PDR support of rebels in, 106, 182
Dickman, Francois M., 124, 158, 164
- Abu Dhabi-Saudi Arabia territorial dispute, 125
- Saudi National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 165
- Sultan-Sisco talks, 191
Diego Garcia (see also Indian Ocean):
- Background and status of, 39
- British participation in facilities at, 39, 49
- British-U.S. agreement on, 66, 71
- British-U.S. talks on, 39, 44
- Civil aviation on, 71
- Congressional hearings on base construction on, 37
- Construction of base on, 39, 40, 83
- Establishment of U.S. facility on, 32, 46
- Littoral states’ response to opening of U.S. facility in, 38, 52
- Repatriation of workers on, 37, 71
- Suez Canal closure and importance of, 13
- Upgrading of U.S. facility on, 61
Dinsmore, Lee, 88, 113, 127
Dobrynin, Anatoli, 55, 57, 58, 68, 317
Donovan, Lt. Gen. Stanley J., 6
Dorough, Felix, 111
Douglas-Home, Alec:
- British arms sales to South Africa, 41, 53
- Hijackings, 222, 238
- Nasser’s funeral, 334
- Persian Gulf, 86, 103, 105
Doyle, Rear Adm. James H., 61
Dubai:
- Abu Dhabi, conflict with, 72, 117
- CIA views toward, 122
- As FAA (or UAE) member, 72, 100
- Iranian-UAE relations, 122
- Oil revenues, 94, 140
- Saudi office in, 158
DuBridge, Lee, 4, 5, 12, 14
Dubs, Adolph, 55, 220, 266
Dulles, John Foster, 127
Dunlop, Brig. Gen. Donald D., 137, 144
Ealum, James M., 187
Eastern Europe, 133, 136
East Pakistan. See Bangladesh.
Eban, Abba, 222, 251, 262, 263, 325
Egerton, Stephen, 72
Egypt. See United Arab Republic (UAR).
Eilts, Hermann F., 127
- ARAMCO offtake problem, 128, 136
- Growth in Saudi military expenditures, 134
- Leahy Report, 142
- Naval force development in Saudi Arabia, 138
- Persian Gulf, 72, 74, 86
- Phantom purchases, 137
- Prince Fahd’s visit to United States, 130, 131, 132, 134
- Yemen-U.S. relations, 178
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 4, 118, 127, 318
Eisenhower-Strauss plan, 3, 9, 12
Elections:
- Israel, Oct. 1969, 131
- Italy, 1970, 22
- Malta, 1971, 25
- United Kingdom, June 1970, 85
Eliot, Theodore L., Jr., 113, 210, 211, 259
- British-U.S. talks on Persian Gulf, 72
- Desalting, 35
- Diego Garcia, 52
- Faisal’s meeting with Nixon, May 1971, 151
- Gulf islands dispute, 110
- Islamic summit, Rabat, Sept. 1969, 10
- U.S. military aid to Jordan, 17
- U.S.-Saudi oil relations, 168
Ellsworth, Robert F., 11, 290, 304, 317, 323
Elworthy, Air Marshal Charles, 6
Ely, Northcutt, 107
Enterprise task force, 69
Esenbel, Melhi, 21
Eshkol, Levi, 4, 9, 12
Ethiopia, 43, 133
European Economic Community (EEC), 24
Export-Import Bank (Ex-Im Bank), 78, 133, 145, 163, 197
Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz al Saud, Prince:
- Arab-Israeli conflict, 170
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 72
- Growth in Saudi military expenditures, 135
- Naval force development, 136, 145
- Place in line of succession, 153
- Political influence of, 140
- Visits:
  - United States, 1969, 130, 131, 132, 134, 136
  - United States, 1971, 155, 159
  - United States, 1973, 170
- Yemen PDR, 188
Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz al Saud, King of Saudi Arabia:
- Abu Dhabi border dispute, 122, 125, 159
- Agnew’s meeting with, July 1971, 91
- Arab Summit, Rabat, 1970, 176
- Bahrain independence, 98, 102
- Coup following death of, possible, 146, 153
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 97, 99, 100
- Growth in Saudi military expenditures, 134
- Islamic summit, 10
- Israel, 129
- Lincoln’s visit with, 25
- Middle East, 127
- National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 156, 162, 165, 167
- Naval force development, 138, 144, 157
- Persian Gulf states policy, 72, 100
- Prospects for, 140
- United Arab Emirates (UAE), 104
- U.S. evaluation of Saudi defense planning, 144
- U.S.-Saudi oil relations, 168
- U.S. views toward, 166, 181
- Visits:
  - Cairo, July 1971, 154
  - United States, May 1971, 149, 150, 151, 159, 169
- Yemen, 99, 178, 180, 185, 197
- Yemen People’s Democratic Republic, 147, 188, 194
- Zionism as Communism, 127, 147, 149, 151, 159, 170
Farley, Philip J., 58, 61, 64, 69
Fatah, 7, 140
Fawzi, Gen. Mohammed, 18
Fedayeen (see also Hijackings; Palestine Liberation Army; Palestinian conflict with under Jordan; Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)), 2
- Arab financial support for, 7
- Arab-Israeli settlement as influenced by, 3
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Jordan as threatened by, 7
- In Lebanon, 7, 214
- Sabotage of Tapline by, 133
- Saladin as Iraqi equivalent to, 253
- Soviet position, 16, 23
Federal Aviation Agency (FAA), 149, 152
Federation of Arab Amirates (FAA) (see also Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates (UAE)):
- Bahraini position, 79, 81, 100
- British negotiation with Gulf states over, 97, 98
- British position, 90, 95, 103
- Desire for creation of, 74
- Iranian position, 72, 95, 97, 98, 100
- Jordanian position, 101
- Kuwaiti position, 80, 100
- Prospects for, 140
- Qatari position, 81
- Saudi position, 90, 95, 97, 99, 127
- Seven-state agreement on, 103
- UN membership for, 82, 91, 98
- U.S. position, 82, 88, 90, 96, 97
Fig Hill Hospital, 334
Finland, 151
Fitzgerald’s Laboratories, 108
Five Power Defense Arrangement, 46, 57
Flanigan, Peter M., 168, 228
Ford, Gerald, 291
Ford, Padel, 111
Ford Foundation, 184, 190, 198
Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (FIAB), 23, 25
France (see also French subentries under other subjects), 127, 140, 180
Freeman, John:
- CENTO officials’ meetings with Nixon, 21
- Hijackings, 223, 238, 245
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
  - British military intervention in, 288, 290
  - Israeli military intervention in, 302, 303
  - Palestinian conflict with, 254
  - Post-hijacking situation in Amman, 214
  - Syrian military intervention in, 281
- Persian Gulf, 72, 86
Freeman, Rear Adm. Mason, 30
Free Officers Movement, 130
Freymond, Jacques, 239
Fujairah, 72, 98, 122
Fulbright, J. William, 113, 154
Galloway, William J., 100
Garment, Leonard, 12
Gatch, John N., Jr., 72, 78
Gaza Strip, 151, 235
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 169
Geological Survey, U.S., 184
German Democratic Republic, 181
Germany, Federal Republic of:
- Bern meeting on PFLP counterproposal, 222, 224, 248
- Boisard appointment as ICRC representative in Amman, 241, 245
- Common front against hijackers, efforts toward, 213, 216, 235, 267
- Sending of envoy to Amman for hijacker negotiations, 223
Ghana, 16
Ghoussein, Talat al-, 211
Glass, Leslie, 72
Godber, Joseph B., 103
Golan Heights, 151
Goodpaster, Gen. Andrew, 214, 222, 254
Graham, SSgt. Irvin, 208
Gray, Gordon, 23
Gray, Victor, 61
Greece, 262
- Hijackings, 214
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 254, 260, 267, 274, 313
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 151
- Soviet influence in Middle East, 2
- United States, relations with, 22, 24
- U.S. military aid to, 318
- U.S. security interests in, 2
Greene, Joseph N., Jr., 86
Greenhill, Denis, 206, 236, 249, 254, 255, 288
Griffin, Philip J., 34
Gromyko, Andrei:
- Indian Ocean as area free of major-power competition, 55, 57, 61, 68, 70
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 266
Gulf islands dispute (see also Abu Musa dispute; Iran; Persian Gulf; Tunb Islands dispute), 84, 93, 96
- British-U.S. talks on, 103
- Federation of Arab Amirates formation and, 97, 98
- Iraqi position, 107, 110
- Israeli position, 101
- Kuwaiti position, 101, 110, 118
- London formula, 105, 107
- Saudi position, 110, 127, 153
- Shah’s compromise proposal, 99
- Sovereignty issue, 98, 100, 103
- Soviet interests in, 101
- Syrian position, 110
- UAR position, 110
- U.S. position, 104
Gulf states. See individual states; Persian Gulf; Bahrain; Kuwait; Oman; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates.
Habash, George, 254, 329
Hadramaut, 182
Haig, Gen. Alexander M., Jr., 235, 259, 271
- CENTO officials’ meetings with Nixon, 32
- Hijackings, 203, 207, 216, 233
- Indian Ocean, 63
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
  - British-U.S. talks on, 249
  - Field hospitals sent under ICRC auspices, 270
  - Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 287, 290, 303
  - Israeli ground forces in, 292, 293, 294, 295, 297, 298, 299
  - Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 256, 260, 313
  - Report to Nixon on, 328, 331
  - Soviet messages on situation in, 307
  - Soviet military intervention in, U.S. strategies for deterrence of, 317
  - Syrian military intervention in, 253, 281, 307
  - U.S. military aid to, 326
  - Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
- King Faisal’s visit to United States, May 1971, 151
- Middle East, 3, 31
- MIDLINK CENTO naval exercises, 107
- Rogers’s visit to Saudi Arabia, May 1971, 149
- Sultan’s visit to United States, June, 1972, 161
- UAR, 23
- U.S. arms policy in Persian Gulf, 119, 120
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
Haikal, 264
Haldeman, Robert, 249, 256, 258, 308
Hall, Warren A., 9
Hallman, William, 72
Hamdan, Shaikh, 34
Hancock, T. Marvin, 34
Hannah, John A., 5, 9, 14, 91
Hardin, Clifford, 5, 14
Harlow, Bryce, 12
Hart, Parker T., 3
Hartman, Arthur, 267
Hartman, Harold, 192
Hassan II, King of Morocco, 10
Hawatmeh, Nayef, 329
Haytham, Muhammad Ali, 172
Heath, Edward, 41, 51, 53, 57, 85, 93, 249
Hejaz, 133, 140
Helms, Richard M.:
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 1
- Desalting, 5, 14
- Hijackings, 209, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 42, 50, 54, 58, 62, 64
- Jordan:
  - Fighting in Amman, 313
  - Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254
  - Locations of Iraqi and Syrian forces in, 256
  - Soviet military intervention in, U.S. strategies for deterrence of, 317
  - Syrian military intervention in, 281
  - U.S. military aid to, 326
  - U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
  - Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
- NSC meetings on Middle East, 3
- Persian Gulf, 101
  - U.S. policy in, 72, 91, 120
- Saudi internal security issues, 146
- Soviet Middle East policy, 20
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19, 22, 25
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- Yemen, 189
Helou, Charles, 25
Helseth, William, 21, 28
Henderson, Ian, 117
Henkin, Dan, 214, 264, 267, 303
Hickel, Walter J., 5, 14
Hijackings (see also International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC); Jordan; Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)):
- Arab-U.S. talks on, 27
- Bern Group:
  - British proposals, 250, 268
  - Demands for ICRC role in negotiations, 241, 242
  - Discussion of ICRC mandate for negotiations, 263, 268
  - German Federal Republic requirements for negotiations, 248
  - ICRC meetings with, 239
  - PFLP counterproposals, 222, 224
  - Unanimity among, 243, 246
  - U.S. proposals for communiqué by, 255, 256, 257
  - U.S. proposals for hostage release, 324
- Blowing up of PanAm plane at Cairo, 202, 204
- Blowing up of planes in Jordan, 230, 232, 233
- BOAC flight from Bahrain, 221
- British position, 238
- British-U.S. talks, 206, 245, 254, 255
- Destinations of hijacked planes, possible, 200, 201
- Development of surveillance equipment against, 209
- Dual nationality of U.S. hostages, 241
- El Al failed attempt, 199, 203
- Extension of deadlines in, 214, 215
- Fedayeen concern about outside intervention, 218
- Hostage evacuation:
  - First evacuation flight to Cyprus, 225, 232
  - Israeli role in, possible, 214
  - Of majority of hostages, 235, 237
  - PanAm retrieval of passengers from Cairo, 204
  - U.S. preparations for, 212, 214
  - U.S. request for Jordan cooperation in, 234
- Initial releases of passengers, 208, 209
- Iraqi position, 223
- Iraqi role in, 229
- Israeli actions:
  - Message to Jordan, 216
  - “No deal” approach, 240
  - Release of Algerian officials, 235, 236, 246, 267, 268
  - Request for hijacker extradition, 213
  - Roundup of PFLP sympathizers, 239, 240, 251
  - Use of force, possible, 239
- Israeli-PFLP prisoner exchange proposals, 235
  - British position, 238, 263
  - Confidentiality of list of prisoners wanted for exchange, 241
  - Demand for Israeli acceptance of prisoner release “in principle,” 243, 245, 246
  - PFLP offers on, 267
  - PFLP refusal of mediation, 242
  - Release of Swiss and Lebanese prisoners, 268
  - U.S. position, 236
- Israeli-U.S. split from Europeans over, 236, 240
- Jordanian’s threat to hijackers, 210, 213, 217
- Last hostage group:
  - Determining location and identities of, 237
  - Health of, 272
  - ICRC visits to, 241
  - Jordanian role in release of, 324
  - Release as part of ceasefire, 319, 321, 330, 333
  - Removal to house in Amman by PFLP of, 240
  - Retention of, 233, 235
  - Safety of, 320, 332
  - Threat of Jordanian showdown to, 246, 250
  - Uncertainty as to location of, 328
- Need for gear for disembarkation of passengers, 200
- Passengers held at Hotel Intercontinental, Amman, 213, 216, 221, 225
- Passengers removed to Amman hotels, 231, 232, 233
- Planes’ arrival in Jordan, 202, 204
- Prisoner releases, 208, 209
  - British-German-Swiss-U.S. common front, efforts toward, 213, 216, 235, 267
- Red Cross talks, 213
- Rogers’s appeal for intercession by Arab states, 211, 213
- Soviet position, 254
- Syrian position, 227
- Threat to PFLP if hostages harmed, 210, 213, 219
- UN civilian humanitarian presence, 223
- U.S. condemnation of, 203
- U.S. counter-demands, 207
- U.S. flights to Arab states, recommendation against, 228
- U.S. Navy ships posted offshore, 212, 213
- U.S. request for Soviet intervention, 199
- Washington Special Actions Group (WSAG) meetings on, 214, 222, 246, 249
- Wiring of airplanes with explosives, 225
Hilaly, Agha, 21
HMS Jufair, 43
Hocke, Jean-Pierre, 245
Hoover, J. Edgar, 209
Horan, Hume, 125, 195
Horizontal tube, multiple effect (HTME) process, 35
Hoskinson, Samuel M., 52, 58, 61, 189
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan, 249, 303, 317, 326
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
House of Representatives, U.S.:
- Foreign Affairs Committee, 9 [Page 941]
  - Naval force development in Saudi Arabia, 157
Hoveyda, Amir Abbas, 88
Howell, Nathaniel, Jr., 34
Hughes, Thomas L., 172
Hungary, 28
Hussein I, ibn Talal, King of Jordan:
- Arab mediation between Arafat and, 263, 303
- British military intervention in Jordan, 279, 285, 288
- Brown’s conversations with, 260
- Ceasefire agreement, 330, 331
- Ceasefire violation charges against Jordanian army, 328
- Emergency relief for Jordan, 332
- Fedayeen, willingness to move against, 250
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 101
- Field hospitals requested by, 270
- Hijackings:
  - Anarchy in Jordan after, 214
  - Threat to hijackers, 210, 213, 217
- Israeli military intervention in Jordan, 285, 287, 290, 299, 300, 302, 303, 304, 309, 315, 316, 318
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304, 311, 315
- Israeli views toward, 325
- Israel-Jordan settlement, 2
- Mediation of Saudi-Abu Dhabi border dispute by, 122
- Nasser’s views toward, 329
- Outcomes for, possible, 22, 247, 329
- Palestinian support for, 329
- Psychological state of, 252, 307, 313
- Saudi subsidies to Jordan, 169
- Saudi-UAR relations, 153
- Saudi views toward, 140
- Soviet views toward, 265
- Syrian military intervention in Jordan, 275, 282
- U.S. aircraft sale, 125
- U.S. military aid to Jordan, 17, 274
- U.S. military intervention in support of, 233, 262, 284, 285, 305
- Visit to Washington, Apr. 1969, 7
  - British position, 249
  - Decision for “all or nothing” showdown, 246
  - Soviet position, 252
  - U.S. position, 217, 218, 234, 252
Idris I, King of Libya, 11, 130
Iftikar Ali, 21
India:
- Indian Ocean role of, 42
- Indo-Pakistani War, 36, 65, 69, 70, 122
- Islamic summit invitation, 10
- Oman, relations with, 106
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 65
- Soviet naval presence in the Indian Ocean, 36
- U.S. base on Diego Garcia, 38, 46
- U.S. basing arrangements with, 43
- U.S. Indian Ocean facilities opposed by, 37, 38, 52
- U.S. policy toward, 46
Indian Ocean (see also Diego Garcia):
- As area free of major-power competition:
  - Indian position, 52, 55
  - Soviet position, 55, 57, 59, 61, 68, 70
  - Sri Lankan position, 55, 59, 60, 65
  - U.S. position, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 69
  - Vietnamese Democratic Republic position, 68
- Australian role in, 41, 42, 45, 57
- British role in, 57
- French naval presence in, 56
- Japanese naval presence in, 58
- Moscow Summit agenda items regarding, 70
- Non-strategic naval limitations in, 69
- People’s Republic of China missile testing in, 57, 58
- Soviet access through reopened Suez Canal, 30
- Soviet airpower in, 36
- Soviet naval threat in, 36, 43, 45, 46, 47, 50, 51
  - Political framework for U.S. response to, 54, 57
- Soviet opposition to PRC influence in, 47
- Soviet-U.S. talks on, 55
- U.S. naval planning options in, 42, 46, 47
- U.S. naval presence, 43, 46, 56, 58, 59, 61
Indian Ocean Conference, Washington, Mar. 1971, 55, 57
Indonesia:
- Coup against Sukarno, 16
- Indian Ocean role of, 42
- U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
- U.S. policy toward, 46
Intelligence Memoranda:
- OCI 0099/70, 260
- SC 02437/70, 260
- SC 02452/70, 325
INTELSAT Conference, Feb. 1969, 171
Interior, U.S. Department of, 150
International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), 184, 193, 198
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (see also Hijackings):
- Arrival in Amman of envoy from, 209
- Bern Group meeting with representatives of, 239
- Bern Group’s mandate for negotiations by, 263, 268
- Boisard’s appointment as senior representative in Amman:
  - British position, 241, 242, 245
  - Delay in arrival, 244
  - German Federal Republic position, 241, 245
  - Swiss position, 241, 245
  - U.S. position, 241, 245
- Convoy stopped by fedayeen, 230
- Demand for repainting of U.S. planes, 281
- Evacuation of British citizens, 223, 224
- Field hospitals sent to Jordan under auspices of, 270, 280, 281, 307, 313, 315, 326, 328, 330, 331, 333
- Involvement in hijacking negotiations:
  - British position, 206
  - U.S. position, 207
- Personnel changes in negotiators, 244
- PFLP views toward, 246
- Release of hijackers, 209
- Release of last hostages to, 333
- Resumption of role of, 240
- Searching for valid PFLP negotiator, 324
- Sending of senior officials to Amman, 248
- Suspension of negotiations with PFLP, 235, 236, 238
- Visits to hijacked passengers by, 202, 216, 241, 250
International Development Association (IDA), 184
International Volunteer Services, 198
Iran (see also Gulf islands dispute; Iran and Iranian subentries under other subjects):
- Bahraini independence, 102
- Bahraini membership in FAA/UAE, 79
- British withdrawal from Gulf, 85
- CENTO political guidelines for military planning, 33
- CENTO’s changing role, 8
- Iraq, relations with, 76, 82, 112
- Israel, relations with, 101, 140
- Japanese role in, 83
- Kuwait, relations with, 80
- Oil company agreements with, 21, 72, 94, 96
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 151
- Persian Gulf leadership role for, 122
- Regional security, 72, 74
- Saudi Arabia, relations with:
  - Bahrain claim by Iran, 127
  - Joint military aid to Yemen, 189
  - Obstacles in, 76, 82, 140
  - Saudi position, 132, 160
  - U.S. position, 96, 159, 161
  - Zahedi-Faisal talks, 88
- Soviet influence in Middle East, 2
- Soviet military equipment barters with, 2
- Soviet naval visits to, 158
- UAE, relations with, 36, 122
- United Kingdom, relations with, 99, 101
- U.S. bases in, 267
- U.S. military aid to, 267
- U.S. military presence in, 82
- As U.S. oil supplier, 168, 169
- U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
- Yemen Arab Republic, relations with, 198
Iraq (see also Iraq and Iraqi subentries under other subjects):
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Bahrain, relations with, 81
- Cairo Agreement, Sept. 27, 1970, 332
- Economic situation, 94
- Expansionist aims of, 160
- Iran, relations with, 76, 82, 112
- Islamic summit, 10
- Israeli policy toward, 101
- Kuwait claimed by, 36
- Kuwait, relations with, 118
- As major oil producer, 169
- Oil company agreements with, 94, 164
- Persian Gulf objectives, 88
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 181
- Soviet influence in, 2
- Soviet naval visits to, 158
- Soviet oil interests in, 77
- Turkey, relations with, 3
- United Kingdom, relations with, 110, 112
Irwin, John N., II, 37, 50
- British arms sales to South Africa, 53
- CENTO, 33
- Jordanian disaster relief task force, 328, 331
- Persian Gulf, 103, 113
- Saudi Arabia, 135, 164, 166, 168
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
Iryani, Qadi Abd al Rahman al-, 118, 186, 187, 191, 196
’Isa bin Salman al Khalifah, Shaikh, 72, 122
Islamic Summit, Jidda, Mar. 1970, 180
Islamic summit, Rabat, Sept. 1969, 10
Isle des Roches, 39
Ismail, Abdul Fattah, 172
Israel (see also Israel and Israeli subheadings under other subjects):
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Bern meeting on PFLP counterproposal, 224
- Cairo Agreement, Sept. 1970, 331
- Death of Nasser and, 334
- Desalting, 4, 9, 12, 14, 35
- Iran, relations with, 101, 140
- Jordan, settlement with, 2
- Military superiority in Middle East, 3
- Request for extradition of hijacker, 213
- Saudi views of, 151
- Soviet attack on, possible, 290
- UAR settlement with, 2
- U.S. commitments to, 327
- U.S. military aid and sales to, 152
  - Arab-U.S. relations as affected by, 141
  - in response to Jordanian conflict, 222, 290, 303, 312, 315
  - Phantom fighters, 16, 129
  - Saudi position, 129, 131
- U.S. security interests in, 2
- Withdrawal from Sinai, 1957, 131
Israel Desalinization Engineering, 35
Italy, 22, 25, 151, 313
Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir al Sabah, Shaikh, 123
Jabir Hamoud al-Sabah, Shaikh, 123, 124
Jackson, Henry “Scoop,” 39
Japan (see also Japanese subentries under other subjects):
- Dependence on Persian Gulf oil, 77
- Indian Ocean role of, 42
- Oil demand in, 148
- Oman, relations with, 106
- Persian Gulf role for, 83
- Saudi Arabia, trade with, 140
- Suez Canal, effect of the reopening, 30
Jaquinet, Louis, 241, 244, 245
Jarring, Gunnar, 3, 260
Jarring Mission, 27, 131, 184
Javits, Jacob, 3
Jerusalem’s status, 127, 133, 147, 149, 151
Jizan, 171
Johnson, Joseph, 3
Johnson, Lyndon B., 4, 9, 12
Johnson, U. Alexis, 205, 210, 219, 324
- CENTO, 36
- Diego Garcia, 39
- Hijackings, 199, 209, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 58, 61, 68, 70
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
  - Field hospitals sent under ICRC auspices, 270, 281
  - Israeli military intervention in, 290, 291, 303
  - Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
  - U.S. military aid to, 326
  - U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
  - U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention, 317
- Lebanon, 326
- Middle East military planning, 13
- Persian Gulf, 86, 106, 119
- Prince Fahd’s visit to Washington, 130
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
Johnston, Eric, 3
Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS):
- Assessment of situation in CENTO region, 36
- Hijacking hostage evacuation, planning for, 214, 233
- Indian Ocean, 43, 50, 69
- JCSM 26–71, 30
- Jordan, 313, 317
- Navy Strategic Island Concept, 39
- Persian Gulf, 83
- Soviet naval expansion in Middle East, 3
- Soviet threat in the Mediterranean, 22
- Suez Canal, implication of reopening, 30
Jones, Curtis F., 186, 196
Jordan (see also Hijackings; Jordan and Jordanian subheadings under other subjects):
- Amman security situation, deterioration of, 295
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Communist threat to, 127
- Emergency relief for, 326, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334
- Establishment of “branch” U.S. embassy in Amman, 332
- Fedayeen, threat to, 7
- Field hospitals sent under ICRC auspices, 270, 280, 281, 307, 313, 315, 326, 328, 330, 331, 333
- Iranian military sales to, 326
- Israel-Jordan settlement, 2
- Kuwaiti Khartoum agreement subsidies to, 94, 312, 326
- Libya, relations with, 328
- Libyan economic aid to, 312
- Mediation of Saudi-Abu Dhabi border dispute by, 122, 125
- Palestinian conflict with:
  - Battles in northern Jordan, initial reports, 239
  - British military intervention in, 254, 279, 281, 282, 285, 288, 290, 299, 307
  - British-U.S. talks on, 249
  - Cairo Agreement on ceasefire, Sept. 27, 1970, 303, 330, 331, 332, 333
  - Cairo Summit, Sept. 22, 1970, 303, 304, 312
  - Casualties in Amman fedayeen camp, 313
  - Ceasefires, 225, 254, 267, 303, 316, 317, 319, 321, 328, 330, 331, 332
  - Control of Palestinian movement, 247
  - As cover for controversial U.S. decisions, 318
  - Evacuation of foreigners:
    - British citizens, 223, 224
    - Soviet response to, 265
    - U.S. citizens, 253, 278, 295, 303
  - Fedayeen victory, consequences of, 247
  - Five-nation Arab Commission Force control of Amman, 334
  - Four-nation reconciliation committee, 263
  - Hussein’s approach to, 250, 272
  - Hussein’s willingness to move against fedayeen, 250
    - British position, 249
    - Decision for “all or nothing” showdown, 246
    - Soviet position, 252
    - U.S. position, 217, 218, 234, 252, 296
  - Iranian responses to, 256
  - Iraqi military intervention, possible:
    - Iranian position, 259
    - Iraqi position, 253
    - Israeli response to, 254, 265
    - Movement toward Jarash, 312
    - U.S. position, 214, 247, 252, 253, 303, 326
    - Withdrawal from Irbid area, 271, 272
  - Iraqi role in:
    - Jordanian position, 229
    - Soviet position, 220
    - U.S. position, 222, 253, 281
  - Israeli military intervention in:
    - Air strikes, 257, 281, 283, 286, 318
    - British-U.S. discussions on, 288, 290, 302, 303
    - Ground forces, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 302, 313, 315, 316
    - Hussein’s approach to, 250, 285, 300, 304, 315, 316
    - Israeli consideration for, 309
    - Israeli-U.S. discussion on, 283, 287, 289, 301
    - Military preparation for, 316
    - NSC meeting on, 298, 299
    - Permanent vs. temporary occupation, 294, 295
    - Retention of Jordanian territory, 314
    - Seizure of high ground, 247
    - Soviet response to, 222, 247, 265, 266, 272, 273, 290, 307, 317
    - U.S. messages to Soviets on, 291, 299, 303, 311, 315
    - U.S. planning for, 303
    - U.S. position, 231, 233, 287, 315, 318
    - U.S. principles for guidance in, 292
    - U.S. questions for Hussein on, 309
  - Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 218, 253, 254
    - Amman fighting, 240, 241, 253, 254, 313, 322
    - Army movement into north, 272
    - Army ultimatum, 267
    - Fedayeen attack on U.S. embassy, 272
    - Fedayeen resistance to, 263
    - Israeli air strikes in support of, 257, 260
    - Nixon-Kissinger conversations on, 256, 258
    - Nixon’s statement on U.S. intervention in support of, 261, 262, 264
    - U.S. air strikes in support of, 260
  - Libyan military intervention, 280, 316
  - Outcomes to, possible, 247, 274, 286
  - Political nature of Jordan following, 247
  - Post-hijacking anarchy, 208, 214
  - Principle contingencies in, 247
  - Soviet démarche to United States, 266, 267
  - Soviet position, 220, 254, 307
  - Syrian military intervention in:
    - Armored brigade attacks, 275
    - Irbid occupation, 282, 283, 284, 292, 299, 305
    - Israeli actions to spook Syrians, 278
    - Israeli aerial reconnaissance of, 280, 294
    - Israeli attack on Syria as response to, 304
    - Jordanian troop morale as affected by, 303
    - Possibilities of, 214, 252, 326
    - Soviet position, 291
    - Soviet support for, 286, 312
    - Syrian position, 253
    - Tank engagements with Jordanian army, 272, 280, 281, 304, 307, 313, 316
    - UAR position, 280
    - U.S. démarche to Soviets regarding, 275, 276
    - Withdrawal of Syrian forces, 318, 322
  - Turkish role in, 254
  - UAR military intervention against Israel, possible, 265
  - UAR position, 254, 264, 272, 281
  - U.S. embassy officers kidnapped by fedayeen, 221
  - U.S.-Jordanian talks on, 234
  - U.S. military aid and sales packages in response to, 254, 312, 313, 315, 326, 332, 333, 334
  - U.S. military intervention in:
    - Evacuation as goal of, 212, 214, 222, 247, 265, 274, 299
    - Ground versus air strikes, 247
    - Intelligence efforts, 256
    - Jordanian request for, 284, 285, 286, 305
    - NATO concerns allayed regarding, 323
    - Readiness levels for, 262, 264, 267, 315, 326, 330
    - Soviet position, 265, 272, 273, 274
    - U.S. versus Israeli role in, 233, 260, 261
  - U.S. Navy ships posted offshore, 254, 256, 264, 274, 315, 323
  - U.S. planning for Soviet intervention, 222
  - U.S. plans for deterring Soviet intervention, 317
  - Washington Special Actions Group meetings on, 254, 260, 264, 267, 273, 275, 281, 290, 299, 304, 312, 317, 326
- Persian Gulf leadership role for, 122
- Saudi economic aid to, 197
- Saudi Khartoum agreement subsidies to, 94, 140, 148, 159, 169
- Saudi military intervention in, possible, 142
- Saudi military sales to, 326
- Soviet military aid and sales to, 2
- Soviet policy toward, 16
- United States, relations with, 141
- U.S. military aid and sales to:
  - Aircraft, 124
  - Packages for response to Palestinian conflict, 254, 274, 312, 313, 315, 326, 332, 333, 334
    - Rifles and artillery, 17
    - Saudi position, 152
Jungers, Frank, 128, 141
Kagnew, 46, 49
Kalb, Marvin, 262
Kamaran Island, 196
Kamel, Hasan, 72
Kamhawi, Zahi, 251
Karamessines, Thomas, 222
Karami, Rashid, 16
Kearns, Henry, 145, 163
Kelley, John E., 68, 71
Kennedy, David M., 3, 73
Kennedy, Col. Richard T., 54
- Hijackings, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 50, 58, 59, 63, 70
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
  - Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 290
  - Israeli military intervention in, 303
  - Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
  - Syrian military intervention in, 281
  - U.S. military aid to, 326
  - U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
  - U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in, 317
- Persian Gulf, 76, 83
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 22
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
Kenya, 43, 52
Khalatbari, Abbas Ali, 88
Khalid, Leila, 206, 246, 330
Khalid bin Abd al-Aziz al Saud, Crown Prince, 133, 140, 153
Khalid bin Saqr Al-Qasimi, Deputy Ruler of Ras al-Khaimah, 109
Khalid ibn Mohammed al Qasimi, Shaikh, Sultan of Sharjah, 88, 107
Khalifah bin Hamad al-Thani, Shaykh of Qatar, 36, 113, 117, 122, 158
Khammash, Gen. Amer, 125, 191
Khartoum Conference, Nov. 1967, 94, 140
Khartoum Conference, Aug.–Sept. 1968, 7
Khashoggi, Adnan, 134, 162
Khrushchev, Nikita S., 47
Killgore, Andrew, 277
Kissinger, Henry A., 132, 135, 271, 276, 311
- British arms sales to South Africa, 53
- CENTO officials’ meetings with Nixon, 6, 21
- Country Policy Statement on Saudi Arabia, 133
- Desalting, 4, 5, 9, 12, 14, 35
- Diego Garcia, 38, 52
- Faisal’s meeting with Nixon, May 1971, 151
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 98, 99, 100
- Hijackings:
  - British-U.S. talks on, 255
  - Conversations with Nixon on, 209, 226, 232, 233
  - Conversations with Rogers on, 227, 231
  - Passengers removed to hotels, 231
  - Reports to Nixon on, 209, 214, 216, 218, 221, 225, 235, 239, 240, 242, 246, 248
  - U.S. flights to Arab states, recommendation against, 228
  - Washington Special Actions Group meetings on, 214
- Indian Ocean:
  - As area free of major-power competition, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64
  - Moscow summit agenda items for, 70
  - Non-strategic naval limitations, 69
  - Soviet naval threat in, 46, 48, 50, 51, 54, 57
  - U.S. naval planning options in, 46, 48, 54
  - U.S. naval presence in, 58, 59, 61
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 299
  - Sisco-Rabin conversations on, 301, 302, 304, 307, 308
- Jordan:
  - British military intervention in, 288
  - British-U.S. talks on, 249
  - Field hospitals sent under ICRC auspices, 270, 331
  - Hussein’s request for military intervention, 285
  - Israeli military intervention in:
    - Air strikes on Syrian forces, 283, 287, 289
    - Ground forces in, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299
    - Hussein’s reaction to, 300
    - Israeli-U.S. discussions on, 283, 287, 289, 301, 302
    - Soviet response to, 307
    - U.S. aid package in response to, 312
    - U.S. as intermediary, 314
    - U.S. questions for Hussein on, 309
  - Israeli views toward Hussein, 325
  - Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 253, 254, 260, 313
    - Conversations with Nixon on, 256, 258, 262, 291
    - Israeli air strikes in support of, 257, 291
    - Nixon’s statement on U.S. intervention, 261, 262
    - Reports to Nixon on, 247, 248, 263, 272, 274, 275, 310, 315, 316, 327, 330, 331, 332, 333
    - Soviet military intervention in, U.S. strategies for deterrence of, 317
    - Soviet position, 273
    - Syrian military intervention in, 286
      - Engagements with Jordanian army, 307
      - Irbid occupation, 305
      - Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 290
      - Israeli attacks on Syria in response to, 299, 304
      - Soviet position, 291
    - U.S. military aid and sales, 17
    - U.S. military intervention in, 264, 265, 267, 286
    - Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318, 322
    - WSAG actions on, 274, 303
- Kuwait, 92
- Lebanon, 326
- Middle East, 3, 13
- Oman, 87
- Persian Gulf, 82, 83, 118
  - Gulf islands dispute, 98, 110
  - U.S. policy in, 72, 76, 89, 96, 119
    - NSDM 92, 91, 113
- Saudi Arabia, 146, 160, 168, 180
- United Arab Emirates, 103
- United Arab Republic, 23
- U.S. commitments to Israel, 327
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19, 22, 25
- Yemen Arab Republic, 177, 178, 180, 189
- Yemen PDR–U.S. relations, 174
Knowles, Lt. Gen. Richard, 50
Korea, Republic of, 326
Kosygin, Alexiy, 21, 187, 334
Kurds, 3, 77, 101, 122
Kuria Muria Islands, 171
Kuwait (see also Kuwait and Kuwaiti subentries under other subjects):
- Arab summit on Jordan conflict, 280
- Bahraini independence, 102
- Bahraini membership in FAA/UAE, 79
- British military aid and sales to, 92
- Economic situation, 94
- Fedayeen funding from, 7
- French military sales to, 121, 123
- Iran, relations with, 80
- Iraq, relations with, 118
- Iraqi claims to, 36, 92
- Iraqi threat to, 80, 108
- Japanese views on political situation, 77
- Oil company agreements with, 94, 164
- Palestinian residents of, 92, 118
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 36, 151
- Plebiscite on union with Iran, 72
- PLFP demonstrations in, 27
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 161
- Soviet Union, relations with, 36
- United States, relations with, 118, 141
- U.S. military aid and sales to:
  - Aircraft, 89, 108, 111, 123, 124
  - Arms purchase eligibility, 92
  - DOD survey team, 114, 121
  - Ex-Im Bank financing, 163
  - Kuwaiti approval of, 108
  - Kuwaiti requests for arms purchases, 78
  - U.S. approval of, 91
  - U.S. company contacts with Kuwaiti officials, 114, 115
- As U.S. oil supplier, 168, 169
- Yemen PDR, relations with, 116
Kuznetsov, Vasiliy V., 272, 273
Labor unions, 117, 133
Ladgam, Bahi, 330, 332, 334
Laird, Melvin:
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 1
- Desalting, 5, 14
- Diego Garcia, 39, 40, 49
- Hijackings, 209, 222
- Indian Ocean, 42
- Jordan, 281, 307, 313, 318
  - Israeli ground forces in, 293, 296, 298, 299
- Kuwaiti arms purchases, 114
- Middle East, 3
- Persian Gulf, 72, 91, 120
- Saudi Arabia, 136, 142, 157, 159, 161, 165
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- Yemen Arab Republic, 189, 195
Lake, Anthony, 76
Latimer, Tom, 31
Law of the Sea, 69
Leahy Report, 142, 144
Lebanon (see also Lebanon and Lebanese subentries under other subjects):
- Fedayeen threat to, U.S. position, 8, 214
- Israeli attacks on, 141
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 151
- Soviet military aid and sales to, 2
- Soviet policy toward, 16
- UN Security Council resolutions on, 118
- U.S. arms sales to Israel, 141
- U.S. contingency planning for, 326
- U.S. military aid and sales to, 17, 214
Liapis, Stephen, 192
Libya (see also Libya and Libyan subentries under other subjects):
- Arab summit on Jordan conflict, 280
- Elimination of Mediterranean-area foreign military bases, 31
- Fedayeen funded by, 7
- Jordan, relations with, 328
- Malta, relations with, 31
- Nationalization of BP interests in, 112
- Oil company agreements with, 94, 96, 148, 164
- Overthrow of King Idris, 130
- Soviet Union, relations with, 20
- UAR influence on, 18
- United States, relations with, 3, 26, 141
Lincoln, Franklin B., 25, 170
Lincoln, Gen. George A., 3
Lindjord, Haakon, 9, 22, 83
Linebaugh, J. David, 68
Lisagor, Peter, 261
Lockheed Corporation, 78, 108, 111, 152
Long, David E., 186, 196
Lord, Winston, 100
Luard, Evan, 81
Luce, William:
- Appointment as Special Representative in Gulf States of, 86
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 93, 97, 98, 99
- Gulf islands dispute, 88, 93, 99, 105, 107
- Iranian economic aid to Gulf states, 103
MacArthur, Douglas, II:
- British Persian Gulf policy, 84, 85
- Gulf islands dispute, 84, 88, 105
- Iranian request for military equipment, 267
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 254, 260, 271, 274
- Persian Gulf regional security arrangement, 74
- Seven-state agreement on formation of UAE, 104
- U.S. Persian Gulf policy, 77
MacDonald, Col. J. Angus, 35
Mahdi, Mohammad, 72
Maghreb, 22
Mahra, 182
Makarios, Archbishop, 214, 267
Malagasy Republic, 43, 52
Malawi, 52
Malaysia, 46
Maldives, 52
Malik, Lt. Gen. Akhtar Hussain, 6
Malik, Maj. Gen. Ibrahim, 136
Maloney, Col. George, 165
Malta, 3, 22, 25, 26, 31, 254
Mansfield, Michael, 39, 40, 83, 303, 304
Maoism, 265
Marshall, Anthony D., 56
Masirah Island, 83, 87
Maswari, Brig. Husayn al-, 188
Matsu, 318
Mauritius, 36, 37, 43, 50, 61, 71
Mayo, Robert P., 5, 12, 14, 91
McCain, Adm. John S., Jr., 42
McCloskey, Robert, 214, 264, 267, 303
McGinnis, John, 61
McHenry, Donald, 9, 22, 83
McNamara, Robert, 51, 137
Mediterranean area:
- Analytical summary for policymaking in, 24
- EEC trade agreements in, 24
- Libyan goal of eliminating foreign military bases from, 31
- Major problems of, 24
- Soviet military presence in, 11, 24, 26
- Soviet policy toward, 20
- U.S. military bases in, 24
- U.S. policy toward, 19, 22, 25
Meir, Golda:
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 262, 264
  - Statement on release of Israeli prisoners, 268
- King Faisal’s views toward, 151
- U.S. military aid and sales to Israel, 222, 290
- Visits:
  - United States, Sept. 1969, 9
  - United States, Sept. 1970, 263
Melhuish, Ramsay, 28
Menemencioglu, Turgut, 21, 29
Mercenaries, 175, 176
Meyer, Cord, 31
Middle East:
- East-West conflict’s effect on, 24
- Soviet covert activity in, 31
- Soviet influence in, 2
- Soviet military aid to, 16
- Soviet naval expansion in, 2, 3
- Soviet policy, 16, 20
- U.S. military planning in, 3, 13
- U.S. position in, 2
MIDEASTFOR:
- Bahrain as home port for, 43, 96, 99, 112, 113
- Future prospects for, 82, 83
- Planning for continuation of, 91
MIDLINK exercise, 107
Miklos, Jack C., 79, 84, 112, 124
Military Training Missions (MTMs), 133, 152, 156, 169
Millard, Guy E., 28, 84, 88, 93
Miller, Brig. Gen. Raymond O., 212
Mitchell, John, 209
Moberly, John, 198, 223
Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals (MASH), 333, 334
Mobil Oil Co., 169
Molotov-Ribbentrop Protocol (1940), 82
Moorer, Adm. Thomas H.:
- CENTO, 33, 36
- Diego Garcia, 39
- Hijackings, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 42, 54, 56, 61, 64
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
  - British-U.S talks on, 249
  - Israeli military intervention in:
    - Air strikes on Syrian forces, 290, 291
    - Ground forces, 295, 297, 298, 299
    - Soviet response to, 307
    - U.S. planning for, 303
  - Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 256, 260, 313
  - Syrian military intervention in, 281, 307
  - U.S. military aid to, 326
  - U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267, 295, 297, 298
  - U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in, 317
  - Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
- Lebanon, 326
- Persian Gulf, 91
- Spanish military capabilities, 26
- U.S. force reductions in the Mediterranean, 22
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
Moro, Aldo, 334
Morocco:
- Alliance with Spain and Portugal, proposed, 25
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Coup attempt, 1971, 153
- Soviet covert activity in, 31
- Soviet Union, relations with, 20
- United States, relations with, 3, 141
Morton, Rogers C.B., 35
Mosbacher, Emil, Jr., 32, 132, 155
Moscow Summit, 1971, 159
Mubarak, Mohammed bin, Shaikh, 81
Murphy, Franklin, 23
Murphy, Richard, 93, 97, 104, 147, 152
Murphy, Robert, 23, 25
Musandam Peninsula, 72
Al Musawwar, 166
Najd, 133, 140
Najran, 171, 178
Naqvi, Swaleh, 34
Narcotics, 108
Nasser, Gamal Abdul:
- Arafat’s relationship with, 271
- Death of, 153, 157, 332, 333, 334
- Fedayeen as threat to, 23
- Islamic summit, 10
- King Faisal’s views toward, 133, 140
- Kuwaiti views toward, 80
- Palestinian conflict with Jordan:
  - Ceasefire proposal, 267
  - Ceasefire violations charges against Jordanian army, 328
  - Iranian position, 259, 271
  - Israeli position, 260
  - Mediation attempts, 263, 264, 272
  - Position on, 252, 254
  - Support for Hussein, 274
  - U.S. position, 264
- Saudi détente with, 133
- Saudi-UAR conflict over Yemen, 177
- Soviet support for, 16, 265
- UAR withdrawal from Yemen, 118
National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs):
- NIE 30–1–67, 96
- NIE 11–6–70, 20
- NIE 20/30–70, 96
- NIE 36–6–70, 96, 140
- NIE 30–1–71, 96
National Security Council (NSC):
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 1
- Indian Ocean as area free of major-power competition, 60
- Interdepartmental Group for Near East and South Asia papers:
  - “Basic U.S. Interests in the Middle East,” 1, 2
  - “Country Policy Statement on Saudi Arabia,” 133
  - “Desalting in the Middle East,” 4, 5, 9
  - “Future U.S. Policy in the Persian Gulf,” 76
  - “Persian Gulf: Analytical Summary of IG Response to NSSM 66,” 82
- Meetings:
  - Feb. 1, 1969, 3
  - Dec. 10, 1969, 17
  - June 10, 1970, 22
  - June 17, 1970, 22, 23, 26
  - Sept. 21, 1970 (morning session), 299
  - Sept. 21, 1970 (evening session), 307
  - Sept. 22, 1970, 313
  - Sept. 23, 1970, 318
National Security Decision Memoranda (NSDMs):
- NSDM 32, 14, 35
- NSDM 92, 91, 102, 113
- NSDM 186, 120
National Security Study Memoranda (NSSMs):
- “Concepts of Naval Arms Control” (unreleased draft), 61, 63
- NSSM 2, 1
- NSSM 30, 4, 5, 35
- NSSM 66, 73, 82
- NSSM 87, 19
- NSSM 88, 19, 22
- NSSM 90, 19, 22
- NSSM 104, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 50, 54, 57, 59
- NSSM 110, 54, 57, 58, 59
Nawwaf ibn Abd al-Aziz al Saud, Prince, 72, 141, 151
Near East Foundation, 198
Nethercutt, Richard, 68
Neubert, Joseph, 50
New Zealand, U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
Nigeria, 53
Nixon, Richard M.:
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 1, 127
- CENTO, 6, 21, 29, 32
- Desalting, 4, 5, 9, 12
- Diego Garcia, 38
- Hijackings:
  - Conversations with Kissinger on, 209, 226, 232, 233, 269
  - Reports from Haig on, 203, 207
  - Reports from Kissinger on, 209, 214, 216, 218, 221, 225, 235, 239, 240, 242, 246, 248
  - U.S. retaliation for, planning for, 222
- Indian Ocean:
  - As area free of major-power competition, 61, 62, 68
  - British-U.S. security talks, 41, 57
  - Moscow summit agenda items for, 70
  - Navy planning options, 42
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304, 308
- Israeli withdrawal from Sinai, 1957, 131
- Jordan:
  - British-U.S. talks on, 249
  - Israeli air strikes on Syrian troops in, 287, 290, 291, 305
  - Israeli ground forces in, 292, 293, 294, 295, 297
  - Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians:
    - Conversations with Kissinger on, 256, 258, 262, 269
    - Fighting in Amman, 313
    - Israeli versus U.S. air strikes in support of, 260
    - Statement on U.S. intervention in support of, 261, 262, 264
  - Report from Haig on, 328, 331
  - Reports from Kissinger on, 247, 248, 263, 272, 274, 275, 310, 315, 316, 327, 330, 331, 332, 333
  - Syrian military intervention in, 281, 286, 305
  - U.S. military aid and sales, 17
  - Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
  - WSAG actions on, 274
- Meeting with Shah Reza Pahlavi, 74
- Middle East, 3
- Oman, 87
- Persian Gulf, 89, 106, 113, 118, 119, 120
- Saudi-U.S. relations, 139
  - Faisal-Nixon communications, 130, 139, 143, 154, 158, 159, 160, 161, 168, 169, 185
  - Faisal’s visit, May 1971, 149, 150, 151, 169
  - Prince Fahd’s visits to United States, 130, 131, 132, 155
  - Rogers’s visit, May 1971, 149
  - Sultan’s visit, June 1972, 159, 160, 161, 169
- United Arab Republic, 23
- U.S. commitments to Israel, 327
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19, 25
- Visits:
  - Egypt, 1963, 155
  - Europe, Feb.–Mar. 1969, 6
  - Iran, 1972, 32
  - Moscow, May 1972, 68
  - People’s Republic of China, 1972, 32
- Yemen Arab Republic, 177, 191, 193
- Yemen PDR–U.S. relations, 174
Nixon Doctrine, 46, 57, 59, 61, 139
Nkrumah, Kwame, 16
Nonaligned Conference, Lusaka, Sept. 1970, 46, 48, 57
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):
- European role in, 6
- Israeli military intervention in Jordan, 290, 303, 315
- Reforger exercise, 318
- Soviet military presence in the Mediterranean, 11
- Soviet threat to, 2
- U.S. actions in response to conflict in Jordan, 317, 323
Northrop Corporation, 108, 111, 121, 123, 126, 149, 152
Northwest Cape, 46, 49
Nowfel, Camille, 131, 132, 151, 155, 161, 191
Noyes, James H., 111, 165, 303
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- U.S. military aid to Jordan, 326
- U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in Jordan, 317
Nuclear energy detection stations, 46
Nuclear Proliferation Treaty, 3
Nuclear weapons:
- Indian Ocean as zone free of, 46, 48, 58, 67
- Introduction into Middle East, 2
- Soviet use of, 3
Nu’man, Ahmad Mohammad, 184, 186
Nu’man, Isma’il Sa’id, 171
Numeyri, Gaafar, 263, 271, 272, 303, 322, 328
Nutter, G. Warren:
- Desalting, 9
- Diego Garcia, 40
- Indian Ocean, 50, 58
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan, 254, 290, 303
- Middle East, 13
- Saudi Arabia, 156, 159
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
Nyerere, Julius, 41
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 4, 9, 12
Oehlert, Benjamin H., Jr., 8
Office of Saline Water (OSW), 35
Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), 69
Oil (see also Arab American Oil Company (ARAMCO); Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)):
- Arab need for sales of, 23
- Balance of payments support from U.S. control in Middle East of, 130, 133, 169
- Corporate producer agreements:
  - Abu Dhabi, 94
  - Algeria, 164
  - Iran, 21, 72, 94, 96
  - Iraq, 94, 164
  - Kuwait, 94, 164
  - Libya, 94, 96, 148, 164
  - OPEC, 94, 96, 148, 164, 168
  - Qatar, 94
  - Saudi Arabia, 94, 148, 164
  - Venezuela, 96
- Gulf state revenues from, 140
- Japanese need for, 77, 148
- Persian Gulf production of, 82
- Production controls on, 164
- Revenues from, 94, 140
- Saudi aid payments in, 148
- Saudi barter arrangements with Eastern Europe, 133
- Saudi-U.S. oil relations, 164, 166, 168, 169
- U.S. purchase from Saudi Arabia of, 131
- U.S. security interests in Middle East sources of, 2
- U.S. suppliers of, 168, 169
- Western European demand for, 148
Okhrana, 127
Oman (see also Dhofar; Oman subentries under other subjects), 93
- Assessment of situation in, 36
- BCCI subsidiary in, 34
- British military aid and sales to, 198
- Buraimi dispute, 122
- Dhofar guerrilla movement, 152, 158
- India, relations with, 106
- Iranian influence in, 72
- Iranian technical aid to, 191
- Japan, relations, with, 106
- Jordanian technical aid to, 191
- Jordanian troops in, 117
- Oil revenues, 94
- Pakistan, relations with, 106
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 87, 132, 153, 158, 189
- Saudi economic and military aid and sales to, 36, 117, 191
- Saudi role in, U.S. position, 152, 159
- Soviet Union, relations with, 36
- UAE, relations with, 87
- United Kingdom, relations with, 87
- United States, relations with, 87, 106, 113, 191
- U.S. arms sales policy toward, 120
- Yemen PDR–U.S. relations, 194
Operation Scrounge, 267
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 169
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (see also Oil), 94, 96, 148, 164, 168
Oss, Majid al-, 141
Pachachi, Nadhim, 72
Packard, David M.:
- Hijackings, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 42, 50, 58, 59
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
  - British-U.S. talks on, 249
  - Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 290, 291
  - Israeli ground forces in, 297, 299
  - Israeli military intervention in, 303, 307
  - Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 256, 260, 313
  - Syrian military intervention in, 281, 307
  - U.S. military aid to, 326
  - U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
  - Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
- Middle East military planning, 13
- Naval force development in Saudi Arabia, 144, 157
- Prince Fahd’s visit, 130
- U.S. evaluation of Saudi defense planning, 144
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
Paganelli, Robert P., 7
Pahlavi, Mohammed Reza:
- ARAMCO oil offtake, 128
- Bahrain, 127
- Gulf islands dispute, 84, 96
  - Compromise proposal, 99
  - Federation of Arab Amirates formation and, 98, 100
  - London formula, 105
  - Saudi role in, 153
- Iran as U.S. oil supplier, 169
- Iranian claims on Gulf States, 72
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 254, 259, 260
  - Assessment of, 271, 274
  - Israeli air attacks on Syrian forces, 290, 291
  - Responses to, 256
  - U.S. bases in Iran, 267
- Middle East neutralization proposal, 189
- Nixon’s greetings to, 32
- Saudi-Iranian relations, 160, 161
- Visit to Washington, Oct. 1969, 74, 132
- YAR-Iranian relations, 198
Pakistan (see also Pakistan and Pakistani subentries under other subjects):
- Abu Dhabi Air Force arrangements with, 121, 122
- Bahrain, relations with, 81
- CENTO, 8, 28, 33
- Civil war in, 29
- Desalting, 9
- Indian Islamic summit role, 10
- Indo-Pakistani War, 36, 65, 69, 70, 122
- Oman, relations with, 106
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 28, 57
- Persian Gulf leadership role for, 122
- Political situation, 6
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 133
- U.S. basing arrangements with, 43
- U.S. military aid and sales, 21
Palestine:
- Red Crescent organization, 239
- Refugees, 3, 127, 131
- Saudi policy toward, 151
- Saudi-U.S. relations as affected by, 133
Palestine Liberation Army (see also Fedayeen), 317, 322
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO):
- Creation of liberated area in northern Jordan, 263
- Fatah merger with, 7
- Islamic summit role of, 10
- Kuwaiti aid to, 18
- Meeting in response to Jordan conflict, 248
- Moroccan aid to, 18
- PFLP expulsion from, 234
Palestinian-Jordanian conflict. See under Jordan.
Palestinians, 36
Parmenter, William, 58
Parsons, Tony, 100, 117, 125
Paul VI, Pope, 240
Peace Corps, 133, 184, 198
Pederson, Richard F., 3, 72, 83
Pelletreau, Robert H., 112
People’s Republic of China (see also People’s Republic of China subentries under other subjects):
- Greece, relations with, 151
- Indian Ocean actions of, 47, 57, 58
- India, relations with, 65
- Iran, relations with, 151
- Italy, relations with, 151
- Kuwait, relations with, 36
- Lebanon, relations with, 151
- Nixon visit (1972), 32
- Pakistan, relations with, 28, 57
- Philippines, relations with, 151
- Sri Lanka, relations with, 151
- Syria, relations with, 16
- Tanzania, relations with, 57
- Turkey, relations with, 151
- Yemen Arab Republic, relations with, 158
- Yemen PDR, relations with, 151, 158, 160, 181
Peres, Shimon, 239
Perim Island, 196
Persian Gulf (see also Gulf islands dispute):
- Arab-Israeli dispute’s effect on, 76, 82
- British-Iranian talks, 88
- British-U.S. talks on, 72, 84, 86, 88, 117
- British views on issues in, 93, 101
- British withdrawal from, 6
  - Bahraini position, 81
  - British policy on, 98
  - British role following, 93, 117, 120
  - Conservative Party reevaluation of, 85, 93
  - Implementation of, 112
  - Iranian position, 85
  - Leadership roles after, 122
  - Saudi position, 140
  - Soviet response to, 140
  - U.S. planning for, 13, 82, 83, 96
- CENTO assessment of the situation in, 36
- CIA views toward, 75, 96, 122
- Domino theory as applied to, 101
- Iranian-Arab conflict in, 72, 80
- Iranian economic aid to states in, 103
- Iranian views on issues in, 101
- Iraqi objective in, 88, 122
- Israeli views on issues in, 101
- Japanese role in, 83
- Jordanian role in, 117
- Jordanian views on issues in, 101
- Limitations on U.S. action in, 82
- NATO role in, 83
- Oil production in, 82
- Oil settlement, Feb. 1971, 94
- Palestinian residents of, 82
- Regional security arrangement proposal, 74
- Revolutionary movements in, 122
- Rogers’s visit to, 118
- Saudi-Iranian cooperation in, 82, 119
- Saudi policy in, 72, 95, 101
- Soviet interests in, 82, 88, 96, 101, 116, 122
- U.S. policy in:
  - Arms sales, 82, 117, 119, 120
  - IG papers on, 76, 82
  - NSDM 92, 91, 102, 113
  - NSSM 66, 73, 89
  - Options for, 89
  - Saudi Arabia as factor in, 158
  - Support for “chosen instrument” in, 82, 89
  - U.S. embassy in Iran views toward, 77
- U.S. presence in, 82, 83, 89, 101, 122
- U.S. role in, 24, 99
Petromin, 133, 148, 164
Phantom fighters, 129, 137, 141, 174
Pharaon, Rashid, 127, 151
Philippines, 151
Pickering, Thomas, 50
Podgorny, Nikolai V., 187
Political parties:
- Arab Nationalist Movement (Bahrain), 36, 122
- Arab Nationalist Movement (Saudi Arabia), 133
- Arab Socialist Union (UAR), 16
- Ba’ath (Bahrain), 36, 122
- Ba’ath (Iraq), 116, 253
- Ba’ath (Saudi Arabia), 133
- Ba’ath (Syria), 16
- Conservative (UK), 85
- Democratic (U.S.), 291, 318
- Front for the Liberation of South Yemen (FLOSY), 182
- Labour (UK), 85
- National Front (Yemen PDR), 171, 172, 182
- National Liberation Front (Saudi Arabia), 133
- National Liberation Front-Bahrain (NLF–B), 36, 122
- National Unity Front (NUF) (South Yemen), 36, 183, 187, 196
- Popular Front for Liberation of the Occupied Arab Gulf (PFLOAG), 36, 101, 117, 122
- Republican (U.S.), 318
- South Arabian League (SAL) (Yemen PDR), 182
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (see also Fedayeen):
- Arab support for, 203
- Arab views toward, 211, 227
- Demands of hijackers in Jordan:
  - Initial statements, 205, 209
  - Israeli acceptance of prisoner release “in principle,” 243, 245, 246
  - PFLP counter-proposal, 221, 222, 224
  - Release of European-held prisoners, 246
- Expulsion from PLO, 234
- Fedayeen views toward, 227
- ICRC search for valid negotiator from, 324
- Iraqi collusion with, 229
- Kuwaiti demonstrations by, 27
- Lebanese representative as channel, 326
- Tapline sabotage, 133
- Tension among hijackers, 225
- Threat if hostages harmed to, 210, 213, 219
- Ultimatum to Swiss Government, 202
- Zayn as intermediary in talks, 277
Portugal, 25
Pranger, Robert J., 78, 135
- Hijackings, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 50, 58, 64
- Jordan:
  - Israeli military intervention in, 290, 303
  - Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
  - Syrian military intervention in, 281
  - U.S. military aid to, 326
  - U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
  - U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in, 317
- Persian Gulf, 83
- Soviet and U.S. naval interests in Indian Ocean, 46
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 22
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
Pravda, 264
Proctor, Edward, 9, 83
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 127
Proxmire, William, 40
Qabus bin Taymoor, Sultan, 36, 72
- Dhofar guerrilla movement, 152, 158
- Palace coup by, 87, 106, 122
Qadhafi, Muammar:
- Boumediene tensions with, 18
- Cancelled visit to Yemen, Sept. 1971, 186
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 263, 271, 272, 280
- Libyan military aid and sales to YAR, 196
- Mediterranean-area foreign military bases, proposed elimination of, 31
- Nationalization of BP interests in Libya, 112
- overthrow of King Idris, 11, 130
Qatar (see also Federation of Arab Amirates (FAA); Qatar and Qatari subentries under other subjects):
- Arab League membership for, 112
- Assessment of situation in, 36, 117
- CIA views toward, 122
- Deposing of ruler of, possible, 113, 122
- Economic situation, 94
- As FAA (or UAE) member, 72, 90, 98, 100
- Independence for, 101, 104, 158
- Oil company agreements with, 94
- Oil revenues, 140
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 158
- Soviet Union, relations with, 36
- UAE, relations with, 117
- UN membership for, 91, 98, 112
- U.S. diplomatic recognition of, 102, 113
Qawassim, 72
Quemoy, 318
Rabin, Yitzhak:
- British military intervention in Jordan, 288
- Desalting, 9, 35
- Hijackings, 215
- Israeli military intervention in Jordan:
  - Air strikes on Syrian forces, 281, 283, 285, 287, 289, 290
  - Ground forces, 292, 293, 299
  - U.S.-Israeli discussions on, 283, 287, 289, 301, 302
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304, 307, 312
  - Sisco-Rabin conversations on, 301, 302, 304, 306, 307, 308
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 260, 262
- Syrian battles with Jordanian forces, 304, 313
- U.S. commitments to Israel, 327
- U.S.-Israeli relations, 3
Ramsbotham, Peter, 107
Ras al-Khaimah:
- Delay in joining UAE, 103, 109, 112, 113
- As FAA member, 72, 98
- Foreign financial aid to, 122
- Gulf island dispute, 84, 88, 98, 104, 107, 112
- Iraqi influence in, 122
- Request for U.S. support, 109
- Saudi aid for road building, 158
- Union with Oman, possible, 122
Rashid bin Saeed Al Makhtoum, Shaikh of Dubai, 34, 72, 79, 117
Raytheon Corporation:
- Arms sales to Kuwait, 111, 123
- Cross-border weapons compatibility, 108
- Hawk missile program, 152, 162
- Khashoggi’s association with, 162
- Saudi Arabian operations of, 133
- Saudi National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 156, 165, 169
Refugees:
- Palestinian, 3, 9, 127, 131, 286
- Yemeni, 197
Reindeer Station Project, 42, 44
Richardson, Elliot L., 3, 9, 78, 178
Rifai, Zaid:
- Hijackings, 213
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 311, 316
- Jordan’s request for field hospitals, 270
- Request for U.S./Israeli/British military intervention, 281, 282, 307
- UNSC meeting on Jordan crisis, 276
Robinson, Adm. R.C., 260, 264, 303
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- U.S. military aid to Jordan, 326
- U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in Jordan, 317
Rochat, Andre:
- Arrival in Amman of, 209
- Departure from Jordan of, 239, 244
- Extension of hijackers’ deadline, 215, 216, 218
- First round of talks by, 213, 214
- ICRC convoy stopped by fedayeen, 230
- PFLP counter-proposal, 221, 224
- Tension among hijackers, 225
Rockefeller, Nelson A., 23
Rockefeller Foundation, 198
Rockwell, Stuart W., 72
Rodman, Peter W., 76, 83, 89, 312, 317
Rogers, William P., 135, 276, 324
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 1, 15, 18
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- British arms sales to South Africa, 53
- CENTO, 21, 32, 33
- Desalting, 5, 14
- Diego Garcia, 37
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 98
- Gulf islands dispute, 105
- Hijackings:
  - Appeal for intercession by Arab states, 211, 213
  - Conversations with Kissinger on, 227, 231
  - Meetings with Nixon on, 209
  - Meeting with ambassadors on prisoner release, 207, 234
  - Passengers removed to hotels, 231
- Indian Ocean, 41, 42, 54
  - As area free of major-power competition, 55, 57, 58, 62, 68
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 307
- Jordan:
  - Hussein’s request for military intervention, 285
  - Hussein strike against fedayeen, possible, 217
  - Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 287, 318
  - Israeli ground forces in, 292, 293, 294, 295, 298, 299, 300
  - Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 256, 257, 258, 260, 261
  - Messages to Soviets on, 311
  - Soviet views on conflict in, 272
  - Statement to Hussein, 280
  - Syrian military intervention in, 275, 276
  - Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
- Middle East, 3
- Oman, 106
- Persian Gulf, 72, 86, 91, 113, 120
- Saudi Arabia:
  - National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 165, 167
  - Naval force development in, 157
  - Prince Fahd’s visit, 130, 131, 134
  - Sultan visit to United States, June 1972, 161
  - United States, relations with, 136, 168
- United Arab Emirates (UAE), 106
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19, 26
- Visits:
  - Egypt, Saudi Arabia, May 1971, 149, 159, 184
  - Kuwait, Bahrain, Yemen, July 1972, 117, 118
  - Yemen, July 1972, 193
- Yemen Arab Republic, 173, 178, 184, 189
- Yemen People’s Democratic Republic, 175
Rohan, Denis Michael, 10
Romania, 133
Rosier, Air Marshall Frederick, 6
Rostow, Eugene, 83
Rubayya’, Salim, 172, 176
Ruiz, Aldelmo, 198
Rush, Kenneth, 167
Russell, Richard, 39, 299, 303
Sabah al-Salem al Sabah, Emir, 72, 116, 140
Sabbaugh, Isa, 151
Sa’d al-’Abdullah al-Salim al Sabah, Shaykh, 108, 121, 123
Sadat, Anwar:
- Anti-Soviet actions of, 31
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 153
- Saudi-Egyptian relations, 153, 160, 161, 189
- Suez Canal, 155
Sa’id bin Taymoor, Sultan of Oman, 87, 122
Saint George, Rear Adm. William, 50, 58
Saiqah, 272
Saladin, 253
Sansom, Robert, 50
Saqqaf, Sayyid Omar:
- Abu Dhabi-Saudi Arabia territorial dispute, 125
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 99
- Iranian claims on Bahrain, 127
- Prince Fahd’s visit to United States, 131, 132
- Saudi military planning against Yemen People’s Democratic Republic, 147
- U.S. arms sales to Israel, 141
- U.S. military aid and sales to YAR, 197
- Yemen PDR, 181, 183, 188
Saqr bin Mohammed al Qassimi, Sheikh of Ras al-Khaimah, 113
Saragat, Giuseppe, 226
Saudi Arabia (see also Saudi Arabia and Saudi subentries under other subjects):
- Abu Dhabi, territorial dispute with, 36, 88, 93, 95, 122, 125, 158, 159, 191
- Algeria, relations with, 140
- Arabian Peninsula role of, 158
- Bahrain, relations with, 81, 99
- British military training and sales to, 133, 137, 156, 162, 165
- Communism in, 161
- Country Policy Statement on, 133, 135
- Defense planning by, 142, 144, 152
- Eastern Europe oil barter arrangements with, 133
- Economic situation, 128, 131, 133, 140, 152 [Page 958]
  - CIA paper on, 148
  - Oil wealth, 94, 169
- Emergency relief for Jordan via, 332, 333
- Ethiopia, relations with, 133
- Fedayeen funded by, 7
- France, trade with, 140
- French military training and sales to, 133, 137, 162, 165
- Internal development in, 131, 133, 140, 148, 149
- Internal security situation:
  - Iranian position, 135
  - Moroccan position, 135
  - Prospects for the post-Faisal era, 146, 153
  - U.S. position, 133, 135, 146
- Iran, relations with:
  - Bahrain claim by Iran, 127
  - Joint military aid and sales to Yemen, 189
  - Obstacles in, 76, 82, 140
  - Saudi position, 132, 160
  - U.S. position, 96, 159, 161
  - Zahedi-Faisal talks, 88
- Iraq, relations with, 181
- Japanese role in, 83
- Jerusalem’s status, 127, 133, 147, 149, 151
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 264, 274
- Kuwait, relations with, 161
- Military situation:
  - Growth in military expenditures, 134
  - Military manpower deficit, 159
  - National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 156, 162, 165, 167, 169
  - Naval force development, 136, 137, 138, 140, 142, 144, 145, 152, 157
- NIE: “The Outlook for Saudi Arabia,” 140
- Oil company agreements with, 94, 148, 164
- Oman, relations with, 87, 133, 152, 158, 189
- Pakistan, relations with, 133
- Palestinian residents of, 147
- Persian Gulf leadership role for, 122
- PFLP sabotage of Tapline, 133
- Policy Analysis and Recommended Action (PARA) paper on, 152, 158
- Political situation, 133
- Post-Faisal regime prospects, 153
- Qatar, relations with, 158
- Regionalism in, 133
- Spanish military sales to, 165
- Succession question, 153
- Syria, relations with, 181
- UAE, relations with, 133, 158, 191
- UAR, relations with, 153, 159, 160, 161
- UAR airdrop of weapons to rebels in, 1964, 161
- United Kingdom, relations with, 86
- United States, relations with:
  - ARAMCO offtake problem, 128, 136
  - Cooperation efforts, 160, 161
  - Fahd’s visit, 130, 131, 132, 134, 136
  - Faisal’s unrealistic attitudes, 147
  - Nixon Doctrine, 139
  - Oil issues, 164, 166, 168, 169
  - Palestine issue, 133
- U.S. economic aid to, 133, 152
- U.S. military aid and sales to, 135
  - Aircraft purchases, 137, 152
  - Ex-Im Bank financing, 145, 163
  - Payment equalization for weapons purchases, 131, 136
- U.S. military presence in, 82
- U.S. Military Training Mission in, 133
- U.S. policy on, 133, 152
- Yemen Arab Republic, relations with, 117, 179, 180
- Yemen People’s Democratic Republic, relations with, 133
  - Saudi military planning, 140, 147
  - U.S. position, 171, 181
  - Wadia attack, 137
  - Yemen PDR position, 171
Saud ibn Abdul Aziz ibn Abd al-Rahman Al Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, 161, 165
Saunders, Harold H., 54, 202
- CENTO, 6, 21, 107
- Desalting, 9, 12
- Diego Garcia, 38, 52
- Fahd’s visits to United States, 132, 134, 155
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 98, 99
- Gulf islands dispute, 98
- Hijackings, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 48, 50, 58, 70
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
  - Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 290
  - Israeli military intervention in, 303
  - Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
  - Soviet military intervention in, U.S. strategies for deterrence of, 317
  - Syrian military intervention in, 281
  - U.S. military aid to, 326
  - U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
  - Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 322
- Lebanon, 326
- Middle East, 2, 3
- Nixon’s oral message to King Faisal, 143
- Persian Gulf, 72, 76, 83, 89, 93, 118
- Saudi aircraft purchases, 149
- Saudi-Iranian relations, 189
- Saudi-Jordanian relations, 189
- Sultan’s visit to United States, June 1972, 159, 160
- U.S. commitments to Israel, 327
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 22
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- U.S.-Saudi oil relations, 168
- Yemen-Saudi relations, 180
SAVAK, 72
Scandinavia, 83
Scheel, Alex, 313
Schiff, Stanley D., 28, 29, 68, 152
Schlesinger, James, 9, 58
Schneider, David, 56
Scotes, Thomas J., 124, 211, 234, 243, 244, 271
Scott, Hugh, 291
Seaborg, Glen T., 5, 14
Seelye, Talcott W., 200, 201, 208, 211, 234, 237, 243, 244, 245, 249, 268, 271, 279, 321, 324, 329
- Israeli military intervention in Jordan, 303
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Lebanon, 326
- Syrian military intervention in Jordan, 281
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- U.S. military aid to Jordan, 326
- U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in Jordan, 317
Selassie, Haile, 31
Selden, Armistead I., Jr., 61, 69, 114, 157
Senate, U.S.:
- Baker Resolution, 4
- Case Resolution, 118
- Foreign Relations Committee, 4, 113, 157
Senior Review Group meetings:
- Sept. 23, 1969, 9
- May 21, 1970, 22
- June 5, 1970, 83
- Nov. 26, 1970 (cancelled), 91
- Dec. 9, 1970, 50
- Apr. 22, 1971, 56, 58, 59
- Aug. 11, 1971, 59
- Oct. 6, 1971, 59, 61, 64
Seychelles, 36, 37, 43, 52
Shaabi, Faisal Abd al-Latif al-, 172
Sha’abi, Qahtan Mohammed al-, 171, 172, 174
Shakespeare, Frank, 9, 22, 83, 91, 159, 261
Sharaf, Abdul Hamid, 18, 211, 234
Sharjah, 36, 72
- Assassination of ruler, 113
- As FAA (or UAE) member, 72, 98
- Fujairah fight over farmland with, 122
- Gulf island dispute, 84, 88, 98, 104, 107, 112
- Saudi aid for road building, 158
Sharm el-Sheikh, 151
Shatt al-Arab dispute, 82
Ship submersible ballistic nuclear (SSBN) submarines, 59, 61, 69
Shultz, George, 120
Sieverts, Frank, 326
Sikes, Robert L.F., 39
Simonstown Agreement, 41
Sinai Peninsula, 2
Singapore, 41, 46, 50, 57
Singh, Dinesh, 38
Sirri Island, 72
Sisco, Joseph J., 7, 79, 104, 130, 138, 139, 205, 210, 211, 219, 220, 234, 236, 243, 244, 271, 276, 277, 324, 329
- Abu Dhabi-Saudi Arabia territorial dispute, 125
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 15, 118
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Bahrain, 81
- CENTO, 21, 29, 33
- Diego Garcia, 37
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 97, 100
- Hijackings, 232, 233
  - Briefing of Rabin on, 215
  - British-U.S. talks on, 245, 254, 255
  - Meetings with Nixon on, 209
  - PFLP offers on prisoner exchange, 267
  - UN humanitarian presence at hostage sites, 223
  - Washington Special Actions Group meetings on, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 50, 68
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 301, 302, 304, 307
  - Sisco-Rabin conversations on, 301, 302, 304, 306, 307, 308
- Jordan:
  - British-U.S talks on, 249
  - Hussein’s request for military intervention, 285
  - Israeli military intervention in:
    - Air strikes on Syrian forces, 283, 286, 287, 290
    - Ground forces, 292, 293, 295, 297, 299
    - Hussein’s reaction to Israeli ground forces, 300, 302
    - Israeli-U.S. discussions on, 301, 302
    - Soviet messages on, 307
    - U.S. as intermediary, 314
    - U.S. questions for Hussein on, 309
  - Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 256, 260, 313
  - Syrian military intervention in, 281, 307
  - U.S. military aid and sales, 17
  - Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
- Kuwait, 78
- Middle East, 3
- Oman, 191
- Persian Gulf, 72, 84, 88, 91, 93, 116
- Ras al-Khaimah, 109
- Release of AID workers, 192
- Saudi Arabia:
  - Country Policy Statement on, 133
  - Ex-Im Bank financing for military purchases, 163
  - Internal security situation, 135
  - King Faisal’s visit to United States, May 1971, 151
  - National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 156, 165
  - Naval force development in, 145
  - Prince Fahd’s visits to United States, 131, 155
  - Sultan’s visit to United States, June 1972, 161, 191
  - United States, relations with, 136
- U.S. commitments to Israel, 327
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 26
- Yemen Arab Republic, 184, 191
- Yemen People’s Democratic Republic, 171, 175, 181
Six-day War, June 1967, 133
Smith, Gerard, 70
Smith, K. Wayne, 54
- Indian Ocean, 45, 48, 50, 51, 57, 58, 59
- Kuwait arms purchase eligibility, 92
Smith, R. Jack, 22
Smith, Walter B., II, 84, 223, 266
Sober, Sidney, 8
Socotra Island, 61, 181
Somalia, 31, 36, 52
Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, 54
- British arms sales to South Africa, 53
- Indian Ocean, 50, 58, 59, 61, 70
- Jordan, 265, 273
- Moscow summit agenda items for, 70
- Persian Gulf, 100
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 22
South Africa:
- Arms embargo against, 53
- British arms sales to, 41, 45, 53, 57
- British base agreement, 41
- Indian Ocean role of, 42, 50
- U.S. aircraft sales to, 318
- U.S. military cooperation with, 46
- U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
South Arabia, Federation of (see also Yemen, People’s Democratic Republic of), 140
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 46, 50, 161
South Yemen, People’s Republic of. See Yemen, People’s Democratic Republic of.
Soviet Union (see also Soviet and Soviet Union subentries under other subjects):
- Algeria, relations with, 20
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Bahrain, relations with, 36, 81
- Kuwait, relations with, 36
- Libya, relations with, 20
- Mediterranean military presence, 11
- Middle East covert activity of, 31
- Morocco, relations with, 20
- Naval policy, 47, 50, 51
- Oman, relations with, 36
- Qatar, relations with, 36
- Strategic force increase, 58
- Tunisia, relations with, 20
- UAE, relations with, 116, 125, 158
- U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
- Yemen Arab Republic, relations with, 187
- Yemen People’s Democratic Republic, relations with, 172
Sowayel, Ibrahim Abd Allah al-, 131, 132, 151, 161, 164, 191
Spain, 262
- Alliance with Portugal and Morocco, proposed, 25
- Military capabilities of, 26
- Saudi arms purchases from, 165
- United States, relations with, 24
- U.S. base agreement with, 318
Spain, James W., 8
Special National Intelligence Estimates:
- 34–70 “Iran’s International Position,” 96
- 36.7–71 “South Yemen,” 182
Spiers, Ronald I., 13, 37, 58, 61, 139
Springsteen, George, 323
Sri Lanka:
- Indian Ocean, 36
- Indo-Pakistani War (1971), 65
- Peace zone resolution of, 48, 55, 59, 60, 61, 62, 67, 68, 69
- People’s Republic of China policy toward, 58
- Rebellion in, 32
- Rogers’s visit to, 117
- Soviet policy toward, 58
- U.S. basing arrangements with, 43
- U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
Stackhouse, Heywood, 124, 306
Stalin, Joseph, 20
Standard Oil of California, 169
Standard Oil of New Jersey, 169
Stans, Maurice H., 150
Stein, Robert A., 8, 188, 190, 192
Stennis, John, 303
Stewart, Michael, 21, 38
Stoddart, Jonathan D., 71
Stoessel, Walter J., Jr., 71
Stoltzfus, William A.:
- As ambassador to Gulf states, 113
- Kuwaiti aircraft purchases, 123, 124, 126
- Saudi support of Yemen PDR rebels, 179
- Saudi-UAR relations, 191
- U.S. military aid and sales to Israel, 129
Straits of Tiran, 127, 133
Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), 58, 68
Strauss, Lewis, 4
Strausz-Hupe, Robert, 56, 59
Sudan, 31, 130, 151, 193, 280
Suez Canal:
- Attacks on Israel across, possible, 247, 265, 301
- Closure of, 94
- Freedom of navigation through, 127
- Implications for, 30
- Reopening of:
  - Prospects for, 13
  - Saudi position, 151
  - Soviet navy as affected by, 46, 50
  - UAR position, 155
Sukarno, 16
Sultan ibn Abd al-Aziz al Saud, Prince:
- Abu Dhabi-Saudi territorial dispute, 159, 191
- Aircraft purchases, 137, 149, 152
- Kuwaiti arms purchases, 126
- National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 156, 162, 165
- Naval force development, 136, 142, 144, 157
- Oman, 117
- Saudi military planning against Yemen People’s Democratic Republic, 147
- Throckmorton visit to Saudi Arabia, 130
- U.S. evaluation of Saudi defense planning, 144
- Visits:
  - Kuwait, Dec. 1972, 126
  - United States, June 1972, 159, 160, 161, 169, 191
- Yemen Arab Republic, 191, 195, 197
- Yemen PDR, 182, 183, 188
Supersonic Transport (SST), 58
Surge capabilities, 69
Sutherland, Peter A., 208
Suweidi, Ahmad, 79
Swinkel, Rudolph, 241
Switzerland:
- Bern meeting on PFLP counterproposal, 222, 224
- Common front against hijackers, efforts toward, 213, 216, 233, 267
- Palestinian prisoners in, 202, 203
Symington, Stuart, 39
Symmmes, Harrison M., 246
Syria (see also Syria and Syrian subheading under other subjects):
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Cairo Agreement, Sept. 27, 1970, 332
- Islamic summit, 10
- Israeli military intervention in:
  - Air strikes, 299
  - Jordanian position, 311, 315
  - Sisco-Rabin conversations on, 301, 302, 304, 306, 307, 308
  - U.S. position, 302
  - U.S. response to Israeli questions on, 311, 312, 313
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 16
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 181
- Soviet influence in, 2, 22
- Tapline transit fee increases, 148
- United Kingdom, relations with, 110
- U.S. plan to overthrow Government of, 127
Tanzania, 57
Tariq bin-Timur al-Said, 87
Tasca, Henry J., 26
TASS, 264, 304
Texaco, 169
Thacher, Nicholas G., 131
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 97
- Persian Gulf, 88
- Saudi Arabia:
  - Aircraft purchases, 152
  - Military manpower deficit, 159
  - National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 156, 162, 165, 167
  - Naval force development in, 145, 157
  - Nixon’s oral message to King Faisal, 143
- United Arab Emirates (UAE), 104
- Yemen Arab Republic, 195, 197
- Yemen PDR, 171, 188, 194
Thant, U, 223
Thomson, John, 45, 50, 51, 72
Thornton, Thomas P., 22, 58, 61, 93
Thowaini, Maj. Gen. Abdul-Latif al-, 108
Throckmorton, Gen. John, 43, 130, 222
Thurmond, Strom, 39
Tito, Josip Broz, 3
Tobin, Irwin M., 187
Tokyo Convention on Offenses and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board Aircraft, Sept. 1963, 200
Tomkins, Edward, 72
Towel Co., 34
Trans-Arabian Pipeline (Tapline), 94, 133, 142, 148
Treasury, U.S. Department of, 133
Trinka, Frank, 268
Trucial Oman Scouts, 72, 86, 93, 97, 98
Trucial States. See Federation of Arab Amirates (FAA); United Arab Emirates (UAE).
Trucial States Development Council, 97
Trudeau, Pierre Elliott, 6
Tunb Islands dispute (see also Gulf islands dispute):
- British-Iranian agreement in, 107
- British-U.S. talks on, 72, 84, 93
- Iranian occupation, 110, 112, 122
- Iranian position, 86, 98
- Kuwaiti position, 80
- U.S. position, 88, 95, 96
Tunisia:
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Arab summit on Jordan conflict, Sept. 1970, 280, 312
- Cairo Agreement, Sept. 27, 1970, 332
- Soviet Union, relations with, 20
- United States, relations with, 26, 141
Tural, Gen. Cemal, 6
Turkey:
- CENTO, 8, 33
- Hijackings, 212, 213, 215, 222
- Iraq, relations with, 3
- Jordanian conflict with Palestinians, 254, 264, 267, 274
- NATO membership for, 6
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 151
- Soviet influence in Middle East, 2
- U.S. alliance with, importance of, 22
- U.S. security interests in, 2, 313
Turki bin Abdul Aziz, Prince, 142
Twinam, Joseph W., 88, 93, 104, 109, 111, 112, 115, 117, 125
Udapai, 61
Umm al-Qiwain, 72, 90, 98, 107, 122
UNIDO, 28
United Arab Emirates (UAE) (see also Federation of Arab Amirates (FAA); individual emirates; United Arab Emirates and UAE subentries under other subjects):
- Agreement on establishment of, 36, 103
  - Iranian position, 104
  - Saudi position, 104
  - U.S. position, 104
- Arab League membership for, 112
- Assessment of situation in, 36
- BCCI established in, 31
- Breakup of, potential, 122
- British post-withdrawal role in, 93, 117
- CIA views toward, 122
- Iran, relations with, 36, 122
- Japanese technical aid to, 83
- Oman, relations with, 87
- Qatar, relations with, 117
- Ras al-Khaimah’s delay in joining, 103, 109, 112, 113
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 158, 191
- Seven-state agreement on formation of, 103
- Soviet Union, relations with, 116, 125, 158
- UN membership for, 112
- U.S. diplomatic recognition of, 102, 113
- U.S. military sales to, 115, 163, 197
United Arab Republic (UAR) (see also United Arab Republic and UAR subheadings under other subjects):
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 127
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Bahraini independence, 102
- Communist influence on, 151
- Death of Nasser, 334
- Israeli attacks on, 141, 299
- Israeli settlement with, 2
- Kuwaiti economic aid to, 16, 18
- Kuwaiti Khartoum agreement subsidies to, 94
- Libyan economic aid to, 16
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 153, 159, 160, 161, 189
- Saudi economic aid to, 16, 18
- Saudi Khartoum agreement subsidies to, 94, 140, 148
- Saudi-Yemen PDR border clashes, 176
- Soviet air missions over, 23
- Soviet influence in, 2, 16
- Soviet military aid and sales, 20
- United States, relations with, 106, 151
- Yemen-U.S. relations and, 191
- Yugoslavia, relations with, 3
United Bank (Pakistan), 34
United Kingdom (UK) (see also British subheading under other subjects):
- Base agreement with South Africa, 41
- Bern meeting on PFLP counterproposal, 222, 224
- CENTO’s changing role, 8
- Common front against hijackers, efforts toward, 213, 216, 235, 267
- Indian ocean role of, 45, 50, 51
- Iran, relations with, 99, 101
- Iraq, relations with, 110, 112
- Oman, relations with, 87
- Persian Gulf role of, 93
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 86
- Syria, relations with, 110
United Nations (UN):
- Indian Ocean as area free of major-power competition, 58, 61, 62, 65, 67
  - Iranian claims on Gulf states, 72, 74
  - Saudi-Yemen PDR border clashes, 175
United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 184, 193, 198
United Nations Security Council (UNSC):
- Hijackings:
  - British position, 206
  - Resolution in opposition to, 218, 219
  - U.S. requests for meetings on, 216
- Jordan:
  - Call for Syrian withdrawal, 290, 307
  - Cancellation of meeting on, 313
  - Hussein’s request for meeting on, 282
  - Israeli military intervention in, 303
  - U.S. reluctance to call for meeting on Syrian intervention, 274, 275
  - U.S. veto of anti-Israel resolutions over, 315
- Lebanese resolutions, 118
- Persian Gulf islands dispute, 110
- Resolution 242, 3, 7, 78, 118, 170
- Resolution 278, 1970, 81
- Resolution of Nov. 22, 1967 in support of Israel, 16, 266, 272
Urwick, Alan, 72
Vaccaro, Albert A., 208
Vakil, Mehdi, 72
Van Hollen, Christopher, 28, 58, 61, 83
Veliotes, Nicholas, 164
Venezuela, 96, 164, 168
Viet Cong, 258
Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, 68
Vietnam War, 15, 21
Vogt, Lt. Gen. John W.:
- Hijackings, 222
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
  - Israeli military intervention in, 290, 303
  - Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
  - Syrian military intervention in, 281
  - U.S. military aid to, 326
  - U.S. military intervention in, 267
  - U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in, 317
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
Voice of America (VOA), 83
Volpe, John A., 209
Vorontsov, Yuri:
- Israeli military intervention in Jordan, 266, 272, 273, 286
- Palestinian conflict with Jordan, 220, 256
- Soviet role in Jordan crisis, 267, 307, 317
Wahl, Theodore A., 334
Walker, Charles, 61
Walsh, John P.:
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 97
- Plebiscites on union with Iran, 72
- PLFP demonstrations, 27
- U.S. arms sales to Kuwait, 78, 108, 111
Wampler, Mary, 28
Ware, Richard A., 22
Warner, Richard E., 56
Washington Special Actions Group:
- Hijackings, 214, 222, 246, 249
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 254, 260, 264, 267, 273, 275, 281, 290, 299, 304, 312, 317, 326
Water development programs. See Desalting.
Water for Peace program, 9
Watts, William, 72
Welander, Rear Adm. Robert O., 61
West Bank, 235
Western European oil demand, 148
Wheeler, Gen. Earle G., 1, 3, 6, 19
Wheelock, John T., 251
Wheelus Air Force Base, 13, 22, 313
White, Alfred D., 321
Wilford, Michael, 72
Wilson, Harold, 85
Winspeare Guicciardi, Vittorio, 81
Woods, George, 4, 12
World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), 31
Wrampelmeier, Brooks, 130, 138, 145, 156, 158, 161, 163, 183
- Kuwaiti arms purchases, 114
- Saudi National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 165
Wright, Denis, 72, 84, 85
Yamani, Shaikh Ahmad Zaki, 128, 164, 166, 168, 169
Yemen, Mutawakkilite Kingdom of. See Yemen Arab Republic.
Yemen, People’s Democratic Republic of (see also South Arabia, Federation of; Yemen People’s Democratic Republic and Yemen PDR subentries under other subjects):
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Attacks on other Arabian Peninsula nations by, 159
- British withdrawal from, 1967, 182
- German Democratic Republic’s economic aid to, 182
- Iraqi military aid and sales to, 182
- Kuwait, relations with, 116
- Leftist coup, June 1969, 172
- National Union Front, 181
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 151, 158, 160, 181
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 133
- Saudi border clashes:
  - Soviet position, 176
  - Wudai’a, 175, 176
- Saudi military aid and sales to rebels in, 152, 153, 179, 181
  - U.S. position, 188
- Saudi military planning against, 140, 147
- Saudi opposition to, 36
- Saudi policy toward, 182
- Saudi support for dissidents in, 35
- Soviet influence in, 2
- Soviet military aid and sales to, 118, 137
- Soviet naval bases in, 47
- Soviet Union, relations with, 158, 160, 172
- Special National Intelligence Estimate on, 182
- Syrian aid to, 182
- United States, relations with:
  - AID boxes used in arms shipments to rebels, 171, 183
  - Breaking of, 174
  - Resumption of, 194
  - U.S. position, 171
  - Yemen PDR position, 171
- YAR unity talks with, 36, 197
- Yemen Arab Republic as threatened by, 193
Yemen Arab Republic (see also Yemen Arab Republic and YAR subentries under other subjects):
- Arab summit on Jordan conflict, 280
- British military aid and sales to, 198
- Civil war:
  - Saudi position, 127, 133
  - Saudi role in ending of, 158
  - Saudi support for royalists in, 140, 177
  - UAR-Saudi conflict over, 177
  - U.S. position, 177
- France, relations with, 170
- Iran, relations with, 198
- Kuwaiti economic aid to, 190
- Libyan military aid and sales to, 193, 196
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 158, 180
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 117, 179, 180
- Saudi economic and military aid and sales to, 99, 148, 185, 192, 195
- Soviet-PRC conflict in, 117
- Soviet economic aid to, 180
- Soviet influence in, 2
- Soviet Union, relations with, 187, 196
- UAR military aid and sales to, 196
- UAR military intervention and withdrawal from, 118, 161
- UAR-Saudi dispute over, resolution of, 7
- United States, relations with, 149, 158
  - Release of AID workers, 192
  - Resumption of, 184, 185, 191, 198
  - Rogers-Barakat meeting, 173
  - Rogers’s visit, July 1972, 118, 193
  - U.S. special-interest section established, 178, 180
- U.S. economic aid to, 118, 152, 177, 184, 190, 191, 198
- U.S. military aid and sales to, 197
- U.S. policy toward, 184
- Yemen PDR, relations with:
  - NUF cross-border activities, 187
  - Saudi military aid and sales to YAR, 195
  - As security threat, 182, 193
  - Sheikh’s assassination by YAR tribes, 188
  - Threat of war, 196
  - Unity talks, 36, 197
  - U.S.–YAR relations as issue in, 194
Yost, Charles W., 3, 313, 325
Yugoslavia, 3
Zahedi, Ardeshir:
- British-Iranian relations, 101
- CENTO officials’ meetings with Nixon, 21
- Kuwaiti-Iranian relations, 80
- Persian Gulf islands dispute, 84
- Saudi-Iranian relations, 88
- United Arab Emirates (UAE), 104
Zais, Lt. Gen. Melvin, 214, 222, 254, 264
Zayid bin Sultan al-Nuhayan, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi:
- Assassination of Sharjah ruler, 113
- Bahraini membership in FAA/UAE, 79
- As BCCI shareholder, 34
- Buraimi dispute, 72
- Conflicts with other UAE rulers, 122
- Foreign policy failings of, 117
- Iran-UAE relations, 36, 122
- Saudi territorial dispute, 122, 125
- Saudi-UAE relations, 191
- Soviet-UAE relations, 116, 158
- As UAE president, 103, 122
- U.S. arms sales to UAE, 115, 197
Ziegler, Ron, 214
- Hijackings, 222, 256, 257
- Israeli military intervention in Jordan, 299, 303
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 254, 264, 267
- Syrian military intervention in Jordan, 281
Zionism, 127, 147, 149, 151, 159, 170
Zumwalt, Adm. Elmo R., 56
Zurhellen, J. Owen, Jr., 254, 278

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume XXIV, Middle East Region and Arabian Peninsula, 1969–1972; Jordan, September 1970

Index