Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume
XXIV, Middle East Region and Arabian Peninsula, 1969–1972; Jordan, September
1970
Index
-
Abdullah bin Abd al-Aziz al Saud,
156, 162, 165
- Abedi, Agha Hassain, 34
- Abshire, David M., 214
- Abu Dhabi:
- Air Force arrangements with Pakistan, 121, 122
- BCCI established in, 34
-
CIA views toward, 122
- Dubai, conflict with, 72, 117
- Economic situation, 94
- As FAA (or UAE) member, 72, 97, 100
- Oil company agreements with, 94
- Oil revenues, 140
- Saudi Arabian territorial dispute with, 36, 88, 93, 95, 122, 125, 158, 159, 191
- Saudi seizure of, possible, 101
- Abu Musa dispute (see also
Gulf islands dispute):
- Agreement on, 107, 112, 122
- British-U.S. talks on, 72, 84, 93
- Iranian position, 86, 98
- Kuwaiti position, 80
- U.S. position, 88, 95, 96
-
Acland, Anthony, 97, 105
-
Adham, Kamal, 88, 116, 162,
182, 183, 188
- Afshar, Amir Aslan, 72, 105, 107
-
Afshar, Hushang, 88
- Agency for International Development, U.S. (AID)
- Desalting, 9, 35
- Emergency relief for Jordan, 326
- Logo on arms shipment to rebels in Yemen PDR, 171, 183
- Naval force development in Saudi Arabia, 145
- Release in Yemen of workers from, 192
-
YAR economic aid projects, 184, 190, 198
-
Agnew, Spiro:
-
NSC Middle East meetings, 3
- Saudi-U.S. relations, 131
- Visits:
- Agreements, international:
- Chicago Convention, 71
- Geneva Convention on the High Seas, 1958,
69
- Indo-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, 65
- Soviet-Iraq Treaty of Friendship and Cooperation, 122
- Tokyo Convention on Offenses and Certain Other Acts Committed on
Board Aircraft, Sept. 1963, 200
- Agreements of the United States:
- Air Defense Agreement with India, 46
- Anglo-American BIOT Agreement
(Dec. 1966), 37,
39
- Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations, and Consular Rights with
Oman, 1960, 87
- Agriculture, U.S. Department of, 133
-
Ahmad ibn Ali al Thani, Shaykh, 36, 113
- Ahmad, Shaykh of Qatar, 158
- Ajman, 72, 90, 98, 107, 122
- Akins, James, 164
- Al-Aqsa Mosque fire, Aug. 1969, 10
- Aldabra, 39, 49
- Algeria:
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Oil company agreements with, 164
- Release of officials by Israel, 235,
236, 246,
267, 268
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 140
- Soviet military stockpiling in, 3
- Soviet Union, relations with, 20
- United States, relations with, 26, 193
-
Ali, Anwar, 133, 136, 140
-
Allon, Yigal, 3, 214, 299,
307, 308, 309, 311
- Allon Plan, 3, 214
- Ameen, Michael, 141
- American Express, 34
- American Friends of the Middle East (AFME), 184
- American University, Beirut, 198
-
Amri, Hassan al-, 186
- Anderson, George, 23, 25
- Anderson, G. Norman, 16
-
Annenberg, Walter, 66, 84, 88,
105, 314
- Antar, Ali, 172
- Anti-American activities, 153
- Anti-ballistic missile (ABM), 318
-
ANZUS, 46, 50, 161
- Apartheid, 41
- Arab American Oil Company (ARAMCO) (see
also
Oil):
- Labor relations, 133
- As largest single U.S. overseas investment, 169
- Offtake problem, 128, 136
- Production increase projections, 148
- Arabian Peninsula, 158, 159
- Arab-Israeli dispute:
- Bahraini position, 81, 118
- Israeli position, 2
-
NSC papers on, 1
- Persian Gulf as affected by, 76, 82
- Rhodes formula, 16
- Saudi position, 127, 131, 149, 170
- Settlement of, possible, 2, 15
- Soviet position, 16
- U.S. peace initiatives, 27
- U.S. position, 1, 24
- U.S.-Soviet note exchange on, 127
- Arab League:
- Gulf islands dispute, 110
- Gulf states’ membership in, 112
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 263
- Saudi-Yemen PDR border clashes, 175
- Syrian military intervention in Jordan, 280
-
YAR-Yemen PDR mediation efforts,
196
- Arab Summit, Cairo, Sept. 1970, 303, 304, 312
- Arab Summit, Rabat, 1969, 18
- Arab Summit, Rabat, 1970, 176
-
Arafat, Yasir:
- Arab mediation between Hussein and, 263, 303
- Casualties in Amman conflict, 313
- Ceasefire agreement, 330
- Jordanian army charged with ceasefire violations by, 328
- Kuwaiti views toward, 118
-
Nasser’s relationship with,
271
- Opposition to ceasefire in Jordan, 316
- Return to Jordan of, 334
- Soviet views toward, 265
- Unification of Palestinian forces in Jordan, 248
-
Aram, Abbas, 72
- ARAMCO. See
Arab American Oil Company (ARAMCO).
- Argov, Shlomo, 264, 311
- Ariana, Bahram, 6
- Arms control, 56, 57,
58, 59, 66, 67
- Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), 69
- Arthur, Geoffrey, 72, 86
- Asnaj, Abdullah al-, 186
-
Assar, Nassir, 32, 33
- Atassi, Noureddin Mustafa al-, 280
-
Atherton, Alfred L., Jr., 93, 109, 112, 115, 117, 124, 125, 158, 184, 188, 306, 311
- Bahrain, 81
- Hijackings, 223
- Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 290
- Syrian military intervention in Jordan, 281
- Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 4
- Australia:
- Bahrain, relations with, 81
- Fremantle/Cockburn naval base, 46
- Indian Ocean role of, 41, 42, 45, 57
- U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
- Awlaqi, Muhammad Salih, 172
-
Ayni, Muhsin Ahmad al-, 118, 184, 186, 187, 193, 196, 198
- Ayub Khan, 6
- Badr al-Khalid, 72
- Badr bin-Abdul Aziz, Prince, 162
- Baghdad Pact, 20
- Bahrain (see also
Bahrain
and
Bahraini
subentries under other subjects; Federation of Arab Amirates (FAA)):
- Arab League membership for, 112
- Assessment of situation in, 36, 117
- Australia, relations with, 81
-
CIA views toward, 122
- Economic situation, 94
- As FAA (or UAE) member, 72, 78, 79, 81, 90, 98, 100
- Independence for, 80, 81, 98, 99, 101, 102, 104, 158
- Iranian claims to:
- British-U.S. talks on, 72
- Relinquishing of, 82
- Saudi position, 127
- Shah’s New Delhi statement, 127
- U.S. position, 76, 77
- Iraq, relations with, 81
- As MIDEASTFOR home port,
43, 96, 99, 112, 113
- Oil revenues, 94, 140
- Pakistan, relations with, 81
- Radical government in, prospects for, 96,
101, 122
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 81, 99
- Soviet Union, relations with, 36, 81
- United States, relations with:
- Diplomatic recognition, 102,
113
-
Rogers’s visit, July
1972, 118
- U.S. military presence, 81
-
UN membership for, 91, 98, 112
- U.S. military aid and sales to, 163
- U.S. naval facilities in, 46, 61, 82, 89
- U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
- Baker, Howard H., Jr., 4, 9
- Baker, William, 23
- Balance of payments:
- Gulf states’ problems with, 94
- Kuwaiti arms purchases and, 92
- Persian gulf oil relations, 82
- Positive U.S. levels due to U.S. oil companies, 13, 76, 77, 96, 130, 133, 146, 169
- Saudi improvement in, 148
- Saudi investments in oil facilities and, 164, 168, 169
- U.S. arms sales to Saudi Arabia and, 156
- U.S. trade surplus in Persian Gulf, 101
- Bandaranaike, Felix D., 65
-
Bandaranaike, Sirimavo, 55, 59, 60, 61, 62
- Bangladesh, 21, 34, 122
- Bank of America, 34
- Bank of Credit and Commerce International S.A. (BCCI), 34
-
Bara’kat, Ahmad, 173
- Bar Lev Line, 214, 265
- Bayhan, 182
-
Beam, Jacob D.:
- Beaudry, Robert M., 236, 237, 243, 244, 245, 324
- Bell Helicopter Co., 108, 111
- Bennett, Lt. Gen. Donald V., 108
- Bergus, Donald C., 280
- Bhutto, Zulfiqar Ali, 34, 122
- Bishi, Ali al-, 172
- Blee, David H.:
- Hijackings, 222
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
- Israeli military intervention in, 303
- Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 260
- Syrian military intervention in, 281
- U.S. military aid to, 326
- U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
- U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in, 317
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- Boisard, Marcel A., 241, 242, 244, 245, 268
- Boissier, Leopold, 268, 324
- Boumediene, Houari, 18
- Bowley, Albert J., 22
- Boyd, Col. Earl L., 323
- Brandt, Willy, 225, 233
-
Brewer, William D., 78, 79, 127, 130, 135, 139, 175
- Persian Gulf, British-U.S. talks on, 72
- Prince Fahd’s visit to
United States, 131
- Saudi-U.S. relations, 147
- Yemen PDR–U.S. relations, 171
- Brezhnev, Leonid, 58
- Brimelow, Thomas, 100
- British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), 83
- British Council, 117, 198
- British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT). See
Diego Garcia.
- British Petroleum (BP), 112
-
Brosio, Manlio, 11, 323
- Brown, Elizabeth, 72, 307
-
Brown, L. Dean:
- Appointment as ambassador to Jordan of, 246, 262
- Ceasefire agreement, 330
- Emergency relief for Jordan, 332
- Establishment of “branch” U.S. embassy in Amman, 332
-
Hussein’s conversations with,
260
-
Hussein’s reaction to Israeli
ground forces in Jordan, 300, 315, 316
-
Hussein’s request for
assistance against Syrians, 280, 282, 284
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304, 313, 315
- Release of last hostages, 333
- Syrian threat to Jordan, 252
-
UAR role in Jordan conflict, 281
- UNSC meeting on Syrian intervention in Jordan, 276
- U.S. military aid to Jordan, 254, 332
- U.S. or Israeli intervention in Jordan, possible, 271, 307, 309
- Buck, Stephen W., 198
- Buffum, William, 72
- Bunche, Ralph, 16
- Bunker, Ellsworth, 177
- Buraimi oasis dispute, 72, 96, 122, 140,
159
- Burchinal, Gen. David A., 281
- Buttes Oil Company, 107
- Caglayangil, Ihsan Sabri, 21
- Cairo Agreement, Sept. 27, 1970, 303, 330, 331, 332, 333
- Cambodia, 21, 267, 290, 298, 326
- Campbell, Stephen J., 251
- Cam Ranh Bay, 40
- Canada, 83, 168
-
Cargo, William I., 9, 22
- Carolan, Thomas, 72
- Carrington, Lord Peter, 49, 53
- Case, Clifford P., 118
- Catholic Relief Services, 184
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA):
- Bahrain, 122
- Cairo Agreement, Sept. 1970, 331
- Hijackings, 272
- Indian Ocean, 45, 50, 69
- Jordan, 254, 274, 286
- Papers:
- ER IM 71–43 “Some Revenue
Implications of the 14
- February Oil Settlement with the Persian Gulf
States,” 94
- ER IM 71–70 “Saudi Arabia’s Changed
Financial Outlook,” 148
- On prospects for post-Faisal Saudi Arabia, 153
- “The Persian Gulf: The End of the Pax Brittanica,” 122
- Persian Gulf, 75, 96, 99, 122
- Soviet covert activity in Middle East, 31
- Central Treaty Organization (CENTO),
50
- Assessment of situation in area of, 36
- British role in, 86
- British-U.S. talks on, 28
- Dissolution of, 28
- Economic, Technological, and Scientific Cooperation Meeting,
Tehran, Mar. 1971, 58
- Future of, 8
- Iranian withdrawal from, possible, 101
- MIDLINK naval exercises, 107
- Multilateral Industrial Fund proposal, 28
-
Nixon’s meetings with
officials of, 6, 21
- Political guidelines for military planning, 33
- Ceylon. See
Sri Lanka.
- Chaban-Delmas, Jacques, 334
-
Chafee, John H., 40, 41
- Chagos Archipelago. See
Diego Garcia.
-
Chapin, Dwight, 134
- Chapman, Christian, 78
- Chase, Robert W., 33, 35, 68
-
Chicago Sun Times, 261
- Childs, Timothy W., 93, 271
- Chile, 232
- Clarke, Bruce C., 50
- Cline, Ray S., 176
- Cocos (Keeling) Islands, 43
- Commerce, U.S. Department of, 78, 133, 149
- Commonwealth Prime Ministers Conference, 1971, 48
- Communism:
- Kuwaiti position, 116
- Saudi position, 127, 129, 132
- U.S. position, 132
- Zionism as, 127, 147, 149, 151, 159, 170
- Congdon, Capt. Robert N., 22
- Congress, Acts of:
- Foreign Assistance Act (1961), 35
- Foreign Assistance Authorization Act (1969), 12
- Foreign Military Sales Act (FMSA), 78,
92
- Military Construction Appropriations Bill (1971), 44
- P.L. 480, 198
- Congress, U.S. (see also
House of Representatives, U.S.; Senate, U.S.):
- Diego Garcia base hearings, 37
- Israeli military intervention in Jordan, 291, 299, 303, 315
-
Connally, John, 169, 170
- Controlled tension, 16
- Conway, Gen. Theodore J., 6
- Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, 133, 152
- Coyne, J. Patrick, 23
-
Crawford, Stewart, 72, 100
-
Crawford, William R., 198
-
Crocker, Chester A., 61, 70
- Cronkite, Walter, 267
- Cuba, 313, 318
- Curran, Robert T., 219, 276
- Cushman, Lt. Gen. Robert E.:
- Indian Ocean, 61
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan, 260, 290, 297, 303
- Custer, B. Scott, 103
- Cyprus:
- French radio transmitter on, 22
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 254, 264, 267, 274, 313
- Movement away from neutrality, possible, 25
- Soviet covert activity in, 31
- Turkish interest in, 3
- Czechoslovakia, 21
- Dana, Col. Vali Allah, 6
- Daud, Brig. Gen. Muhammad, 248, 253, 260
-
Davies, Rodger P., 79, 109, 111,
138, 139, 175, 183, 188, 199, 200, 201, 219, 220, 237, 259, 266, 271, 311, 329
- Hijackings, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 68
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 312
- Jordan:
- Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
- Soviet views on conflict in, 272, 273, 286, 307
- U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
- Middle East, 3, 9
- Persian Gulf, 72, 93
- Saudi Arabia, 135, 164
- Yemen Arab Republic, 198
-
Davis, Jeanne W., 82
- Desalting, 9
- Hijackings, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 50, 58, 61
- Jordan:
- Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
- Syrian military intervention in, 281
- U.S. military aid to, 326
- U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
- U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in, 317
- Persian Gulf, 83
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- Davis, Richard T., 55
- Day, Arthur, 72
- Dayan, Gen. Moshe, 251, 278, 290, 307
- Defense, U.S. Department of:
- Naval force development in Saudi Arabia, 157
- Persian Gulf arms sales, 89
- Soviet naval threat in Indian Ocean, 45
- U.S. arms sales to Kuwait, 108, 111, 114
- Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), 303, 317
- Defense Security Assistance Agency (DSAA), 157
- DeGaulle, Charles, 3
- Demirel, Süleyman, 334
- Denney, George C., Jr., 10
- Desalting:
- Joint U.S./Israeli project for, 9, 12, 14, 35
- Long-range Middle East program for, 4,
5
- U.S. aid to Saudi Arabia for, 133, 149, 152
- Dhofar, 152
- Iranian concerns over rebellion in, 198
- Jordanian troops in, 189
- People’s Republic of China aid to rebels in, 122, 158, 198
- Rebels as threat to Saudi Arabia, 137
- Rebel success, possibility of, 101
- Successes in campaign against rebels, 36,
117, 158
- Sultan Sa’id’s impact on, 87
- Yemen PDR support of rebels in, 106,
182
-
Dickman, Francois M., 124, 158, 164
- Abu Dhabi-Saudi Arabia territorial dispute, 125
- Saudi National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 165
-
Sultan-Sisco talks, 191
- Diego Garcia (see also
Indian Ocean):
- Background and status of, 39
- British participation in facilities at, 39, 49
- British-U.S. agreement on, 66, 71
- British-U.S. talks on, 39, 44
- Civil aviation on, 71
- Congressional hearings on base construction on, 37
- Construction of base on, 39, 40, 83
- Establishment of U.S. facility on, 32,
46
- Littoral states’ response to opening of U.S. facility in, 38, 52
- Repatriation of workers on, 37, 71
- Suez Canal closure and importance of, 13
- Upgrading of U.S. facility on, 61
-
Dinsmore, Lee, 88, 113, 127
-
Dobrynin, Anatoli, 55, 57, 58,
68, 317
- Donovan, Lt. Gen. Stanley J., 6
- Dorough, Felix, 111
-
Douglas-Home, Alec:
- British arms sales to South Africa, 41,
53
- Hijackings, 222, 238
-
Nasser’s funeral, 334
- Persian Gulf, 86, 103, 105
- Doyle, Rear Adm. James H., 61
- Dubai:
- Abu Dhabi, conflict with, 72, 117
-
CIA views toward, 122
- As FAA (or UAE) member, 72, 100
- Iranian-UAE relations, 122
- Oil revenues, 94, 140
- Saudi office in, 158
-
DuBridge, Lee, 4, 5, 12, 14
- Dubs, Adolph, 55, 220,
266
- Dulles, John Foster, 127
-
Dunlop, Brig. Gen. Donald D., 137, 144
- Ealum, James M., 187
- Eastern Europe, 133, 136
- East Pakistan. See
Bangladesh.
- Eban, Abba, 222, 251,
262, 263, 325
- Egerton, Stephen, 72
- Egypt. See
United Arab Republic (UAR).
-
Eilts, Hermann F., 127
-
ARAMCO offtake problem, 128, 136
- Growth in Saudi military expenditures, 134
- Leahy Report, 142
- Naval force development in Saudi Arabia, 138
- Persian Gulf, 72, 74, 86
- Phantom purchases, 137
- Prince Fahd’s visit to
United States, 130, 131, 132, 134
- Yemen-U.S. relations, 178
- Eisenhower, Dwight D., 4, 118, 127, 318
- Eisenhower-Strauss plan, 3, 9, 12
- Elections:
- Israel, Oct. 1969, 131
- Italy, 1970, 22
- Malta, 1971, 25
- United Kingdom, June 1970, 85
-
Eliot, Theodore L., Jr., 113, 210, 211, 259
- British-U.S. talks on Persian Gulf, 72
- Desalting, 35
- Diego Garcia, 52
-
Faisal’s meeting with
Nixon, May 1971, 151
- Gulf islands dispute, 110
- Islamic summit, Rabat, Sept. 1969, 10
- U.S. military aid to Jordan, 17
- U.S.-Saudi oil relations, 168
- Ellsworth, Robert F., 11, 290, 304, 317, 323
- Elworthy, Air Marshal Charles, 6
- Ely, Northcutt, 107
- Enterprise task force, 69
- Esenbel, Melhi, 21
-
Eshkol, Levi, 4, 9, 12
- Ethiopia, 43, 133
- European Economic Community (EEC), 24
- Export-Import Bank (Ex-Im Bank), 78, 133, 145, 163, 197
-
Fahd ibn Abd al-Aziz al Saud,
Prince:
- Arab-Israeli conflict, 170
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 72
- Growth in Saudi military expenditures, 135
- Naval force development, 136, 145
- Place in line of succession, 153
- Political influence of, 140
- Visits:
- United States, 1969, 130, 131,
132, 134, 136
- United States, 1971, 155, 159
- United States, 1973, 170
- Yemen PDR, 188
-
Faisal ibn Abd al-Aziz al Saud,
King of Saudi Arabia:
- Abu Dhabi border dispute, 122, 125, 159
-
Agnew’s meeting with, July
1971, 91
- Arab Summit, Rabat, 1970, 176
- Bahrain independence, 98, 102
- Coup following death of, possible, 146,
153
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 97, 99, 100
- Growth in Saudi military expenditures, 134
- Islamic summit, 10
- Israel, 129
-
Lincoln’s visit with, 25
- Middle East, 127
- National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 156, 162, 165, 167
- Naval force development, 138, 144, 157
- Persian Gulf states policy, 72, 100
- Prospects for, 140
- United Arab Emirates (UAE), 104
- U.S. evaluation of Saudi defense planning, 144
- U.S.-Saudi oil relations, 168
- U.S. views toward, 166, 181
- Visits:
- Yemen, 99, 178,
180, 185,
197
- Yemen People’s Democratic Republic, 147, 188, 194
- Zionism as Communism, 127, 147, 149, 151, 159, 170
-
Farley, Philip J., 58, 61, 64,
69
-
Fatah, 7, 140
-
Fawzi, Gen. Mohammed, 18
- Fedayeen (see also
Hijackings; Palestine
Liberation Army; Palestinian conflict with under Jordan; Popular
Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)), 2
- Arab financial support for, 7
- Arab-Israeli settlement as influenced by, 3
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Jordan as threatened by, 7
- In Lebanon, 7, 214
- Sabotage of Tapline by, 133
- Saladin as Iraqi equivalent to, 253
- Soviet position, 16, 23
- Federal Aviation Agency (FAA), 149, 152
- Federation of Arab Amirates (FAA) (see
also
Bahrain; Qatar; United Arab Emirates (UAE)):
- Bahraini position, 79, 81, 100
- British negotiation with Gulf states over, 97, 98
- British position, 90, 95, 103
- Desire for creation of, 74
- Iranian position, 72, 95, 97, 98, 100
- Jordanian position, 101
- Kuwaiti position, 80, 100
- Prospects for, 140
- Qatari position, 81
- Saudi position, 90, 95, 97, 99, 127
- Seven-state agreement on, 103
-
UN membership for, 82, 91, 98
- U.S. position, 82, 88, 90, 96, 97
- Fig Hill Hospital, 334
- Finland, 151
- Fitzgerald’s Laboratories, 108
- Five Power Defense Arrangement, 46, 57
-
Flanigan, Peter M., 168, 228
- Ford, Gerald, 291
- Ford, Padel, 111
- Ford Foundation, 184, 190, 198
- Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (FIAB), 23,
25
- France (see also
French
subentries under other subjects), 127, 140, 180
-
Freeman, John:
-
CENTO officials’ meetings with
Nixon, 21
- Hijackings, 223, 238, 245
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
- British military intervention in, 288, 290
- Israeli military intervention in, 302, 303
- Palestinian conflict with, 254
- Post-hijacking situation in Amman, 214
- Syrian military intervention in, 281
- Persian Gulf, 72, 86
- Freeman, Rear Adm. Mason, 30
- Free Officers Movement, 130
- Freymond, Jacques, 239
- Fujairah, 72, 98, 122
- Fulbright, J. William, 113, 154
- Galloway, William J., 100
- Garment, Leonard, 12
-
Gatch, John N., Jr., 72, 78
- Gaza Strip, 151, 235
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 169
- Geological Survey, U.S., 184
- German Democratic Republic, 181
- Germany, Federal Republic of:
- Bern meeting on PFLP
counterproposal, 222, 224, 248
- Boisard appointment as ICRC
representative in Amman, 241, 245
- Common front against hijackers, efforts toward, 213, 216, 235, 267
- Sending of envoy to Amman for hijacker negotiations, 223
- Ghana, 16
- Ghoussein, Talat al-, 211
- Glass, Leslie, 72
- Godber, Joseph B., 103
- Golan Heights, 151
- Goodpaster, Gen. Andrew, 214, 222, 254
- Graham, SSgt. Irvin, 208
- Gray, Gordon, 23
- Gray, Victor, 61
- Greece, 262
- Hijackings, 214
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 254, 260, 267, 274, 313
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 151
- Soviet influence in Middle East, 2
- United States, relations with, 22, 24
- U.S. military aid to, 318
- U.S. security interests in, 2
- Greene, Joseph N., Jr., 86
- Greenhill, Denis, 206, 236, 249, 254, 255, 288
- Griffin, Philip J., 34
-
Gromyko, Andrei:
- Indian Ocean as area free of major-power competition, 55, 57, 61, 68, 70
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 266
- Gulf islands dispute (see also
Abu Musa dispute; Iran;
Persian Gulf; Tunb Islands
dispute), 84, 93, 96
- British-U.S. talks on, 103
- Federation of Arab Amirates formation and, 97, 98
- Iraqi position, 107, 110
- Israeli position, 101
- Kuwaiti position, 101, 110, 118
- London formula, 105, 107
- Saudi position, 110, 127, 153
- Shah’s compromise proposal, 99
- Sovereignty issue, 98, 100, 103
- Soviet interests in, 101
- Syrian position, 110
-
UAR position, 110
- U.S. position, 104
- Gulf states. See individual states; Persian Gulf; Bahrain;
Kuwait; Oman; Qatar; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates.
-
Habash, George, 254, 329
- Hadramaut, 182
-
Haig, Gen. Alexander M., Jr., 235, 259, 271
-
CENTO officials’ meetings with
Nixon, 32
- Hijackings, 203, 207, 216, 233
- Indian Ocean, 63
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
- British-U.S. talks on, 249
- Field hospitals sent under ICRC auspices, 270
- Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 287, 290, 303
- Israeli ground forces in, 292,
293, 294, 295, 297, 298,
299
- Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 256,
260, 313
- Report to Nixon on,
328, 331
- Soviet messages on situation in, 307
- Soviet military intervention in, U.S. strategies for
deterrence of, 317
- Syrian military intervention in, 253, 281, 307
- U.S. military aid to, 326
- Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
- King Faisal’s visit to United States, May 1971, 151
- Middle East, 3, 31
- MIDLINK CENTO naval exercises,
107
-
Rogers’s visit to Saudi
Arabia, May 1971, 149
-
Sultan’s visit to United States, June, 1972, 161
-
UAR, 23
- U.S. arms policy in Persian Gulf, 119,
120
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
-
Haikal, 264
- Haldeman, Robert, 249, 256, 258, 308
- Hall, Warren A., 9
- Hallman, William, 72
- Hamdan, Shaikh, 34
- Hancock, T. Marvin, 34
-
Hannah, John A., 5, 9, 14, 91
- Hardin, Clifford, 5, 14
- Harlow, Bryce, 12
-
Hart, Parker T., 3
- Hartman, Arthur, 267
- Hartman, Harold, 192
- Hassan II, King of Morocco, 10
- Hawatmeh, Nayef, 329
- Haytham, Muhammad Ali, 172
-
Heath, Edward, 41, 51, 53,
57, 85, 93, 249
- Hejaz, 133, 140
-
Helms, Richard M.:
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 1
- Desalting, 5, 14
- Hijackings, 209, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 42, 50, 54, 58, 62, 64
- Jordan:
- Fighting in Amman, 313
- Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254
- Locations of Iraqi and Syrian forces in, 256
- Soviet military intervention in, U.S. strategies for
deterrence of, 317
- Syrian military intervention in, 281
- U.S. military aid to, 326
- U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
- Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
-
NSC meetings on Middle East, 3
- Persian Gulf, 101
- Saudi internal security issues, 146
- Soviet Middle East policy, 20
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19, 22, 25
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- Yemen, 189
- Helou, Charles, 25
- Helseth, William, 21, 28
- Henderson, Ian, 117
- Henkin, Dan, 214, 264,
267, 303
- Hickel, Walter J., 5, 14
- Hijackings (see also
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC);
Jordan; Popular Front for
the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP)):
- Arab-U.S. talks on, 27
- Bern Group:
- British proposals, 250, 268
- Demands for ICRC role in
negotiations, 241, 242
- Discussion of ICRC
mandate for negotiations, 263,
268
- German Federal Republic requirements for negotiations,
248
-
ICRC meetings with, 239
-
PFLP counterproposals, 222, 224
- Unanimity among, 243, 246
- U.S. proposals for communiqué by, 255, 256, 257
- U.S. proposals for hostage release, 324
- Blowing up of PanAm plane at Cairo, 202,
204
- Blowing up of planes in Jordan, 230,
232, 233
-
BOAC flight from Bahrain, 221
- British position, 238
- British-U.S. talks, 206, 245, 254, 255
- Destinations of hijacked planes, possible, 200, 201
- Development of surveillance equipment against, 209
- Dual nationality of U.S. hostages, 241
- El Al failed attempt, 199, 203
- Extension of deadlines in, 214, 215
- Fedayeen concern about outside intervention, 218
- Hostage evacuation:
- First evacuation flight to Cyprus, 225, 232
- Israeli role in, possible, 214
- Of majority of hostages, 235,
237
- PanAm retrieval of passengers from Cairo, 204
- U.S. preparations for, 212, 214
- U.S. request for Jordan cooperation in, 234
- Initial releases of passengers, 208,
209
- Iraqi position, 223
- Iraqi role in, 229
- Israeli actions:
- Message to Jordan, 216
- “No deal” approach, 240
- Release of Algerian officials, 235, 236, 246, 267,
268
- Request for hijacker extradition, 213
- Roundup of PFLP
sympathizers, 239, 240, 251
- Use of force, possible, 239
- Israeli-PFLP prisoner exchange
proposals, 235
- British position, 238, 263
- Confidentiality of list of prisoners wanted for exchange,
241
- Demand for Israeli acceptance of prisoner release “in
principle,” 243, 245, 246
-
PFLP offers on, 267
-
PFLP refusal of mediation,
242
- Release of Swiss and Lebanese prisoners, 268
- U.S. position, 236
- Israeli-U.S. split from Europeans over, 236, 240
- Jordanian’s threat to hijackers, 210,
213, 217
- Last hostage group:
- Determining location and identities of, 237
- Health of, 272
-
ICRC visits to, 241
- Jordanian role in release of, 324
- Release as part of ceasefire, 319, 321, 330, 333
- Removal to house in Amman by PFLP of, 240
- Retention of, 233, 235
- Safety of, 320, 332
- Threat of Jordanian showdown to, 246, 250
- Uncertainty as to location of, 328
- Need for gear for disembarkation of passengers, 200
- Passengers held at Hotel Intercontinental, Amman, 213, 216, 221, 225
- Passengers removed to Amman hotels, 231,
232, 233
- Planes’ arrival in Jordan, 202, 204
- Prisoner releases, 208, 209
- British-German-Swiss-U.S. common front, efforts toward,
213, 216, 235, 267
- Red Cross talks, 213
-
Rogers’s appeal for
intercession by Arab states, 211, 213
- Soviet position, 254
- Syrian position, 227
- Threat to PFLP if hostages
harmed, 210, 213, 219
-
UN civilian humanitarian presence,
223
- U.S. condemnation of, 203
- U.S. counter-demands, 207
- U.S. flights to Arab states, recommendation against, 228
- U.S. Navy ships posted offshore, 212,
213
- U.S. request for Soviet intervention, 199
- Washington Special Actions Group (WSAG) meetings on, 214, 222, 246, 249
- Wiring of airplanes with explosives, 225
- Hilaly, Agha, 21
-
HMS Jufair, 43
- Hocke, Jean-Pierre, 245
- Hoover, J. Edgar, 209
- Horan, Hume, 125, 195
- Horizontal tube, multiple effect (HTME) process, 35
-
Hoskinson, Samuel M., 52, 58, 61, 189
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan, 249, 303, 317, 326
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- House of Representatives, U.S.:
- Foreign Affairs Committee, 9
[Page 941]
- Naval force development in Saudi Arabia, 157
- Hoveyda, Amir Abbas, 88
- Howell, Nathaniel, Jr., 34
- Hughes, Thomas L., 172
- Hungary, 28
-
Hussein I, ibn Talal, King of Jordan:
- Arab mediation between Arafat and, 263,
303
- British military intervention in Jordan, 279, 285, 288
-
Brown’s conversations with,
260
- Ceasefire agreement, 330, 331
- Ceasefire violation charges against Jordanian army, 328
- Emergency relief for Jordan, 332
- Fedayeen, willingness to move against, 250
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 101
- Field hospitals requested by, 270
- Hijackings:
- Anarchy in Jordan after, 214
- Threat to hijackers, 210, 213, 217
- Israeli military intervention in Jordan, 285, 287, 290, 299, 300, 302, 303, 304, 309, 315, 316, 318
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304, 311, 315
- Israeli views toward, 325
- Israel-Jordan settlement, 2
- Mediation of Saudi-Abu Dhabi border dispute by, 122
-
Nasser’s views toward, 329
- Outcomes for, possible, 22, 247, 329
- Palestinian support for, 329
- Psychological state of, 252, 307, 313
- Saudi subsidies to Jordan, 169
- Saudi-UAR relations, 153
- Saudi views toward, 140
- Soviet views toward, 265
- Syrian military intervention in Jordan, 275, 282
- U.S. aircraft sale, 125
- U.S. military aid to Jordan, 17, 274
- U.S. military intervention in support of, 233, 262, 284, 285, 305
- Visit to Washington, Apr. 1969, 7
- British position, 249
- Decision for “all or nothing” showdown, 246
- Soviet position, 252
- U.S. position, 217, 218, 234,
252
- Idris I, King of Libya, 11, 130
- Iftikar Ali, 21
- India:
- Indian Ocean role of, 42
- Indo-Pakistani War, 36, 65, 69, 70, 122
- Islamic summit invitation, 10
- Oman, relations with, 106
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 65
- Soviet naval presence in the Indian Ocean, 36
- U.S. base on Diego Garcia, 38, 46
- U.S. basing arrangements with, 43
- U.S. Indian Ocean facilities opposed by, 37, 38, 52
- U.S. policy toward, 46
- Indian Ocean (see also
Diego Garcia):
- As area free of major-power competition:
- Indian position, 52, 55
- Soviet position, 55, 57, 59,
61, 68, 70
- Sri Lankan position, 55, 59, 60,
65
- U.S. position, 56, 57, 58,
59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 69
- Vietnamese Democratic Republic position, 68
- Australian role in, 41, 42, 45, 57
- British role in, 57
- French naval presence in, 56
- Japanese naval presence in, 58
- Moscow Summit agenda items regarding, 70
- Non-strategic naval limitations in, 69
- People’s Republic of China missile testing in, 57, 58
- Soviet access through reopened Suez Canal, 30
- Soviet airpower in, 36
- Soviet naval threat in, 36, 43, 45, 46, 47, 50, 51
- Political framework for U.S. response to, 54, 57
- Soviet opposition to PRC influence in, 47
- Soviet-U.S. talks on, 55
- U.S. naval planning options in, 42, 46, 47
- U.S. naval presence, 43, 46, 56, 58, 59, 61
- Indian Ocean Conference, Washington, Mar. 1971,
55, 57
- Indonesia:
- Coup against Sukarno, 16
- Indian Ocean role of, 42
- U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
- U.S. policy toward, 46
- Intelligence Memoranda:
- OCI 0099/70, 260
-
SC
02437/70, 260
-
SC
02452/70, 325
- INTELSAT Conference, Feb. 1969, 171
- Interior, U.S. Department of, 150
- International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), 184, 193, 198
- International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) (see also
Hijackings):
- Arrival in Amman of envoy from, 209
- Bern Group meeting with representatives of, 239
- Bern Group’s mandate for negotiations by, 263, 268
- Boisard’s appointment as senior representative in Amman:
- British position, 241, 242, 245
- Delay in arrival, 244
- German Federal Republic position, 241, 245
- Swiss position, 241, 245
- U.S. position, 241, 245
- Convoy stopped by fedayeen, 230
- Demand for repainting of U.S. planes, 281
- Evacuation of British citizens, 223,
224
- Field hospitals sent to Jordan under auspices of, 270, 280, 281, 307, 313, 315, 326, 328, 330, 331, 333
- Involvement in hijacking negotiations:
- British position, 206
- U.S. position, 207
- Personnel changes in negotiators, 244
-
PFLP views toward, 246
- Release of hijackers, 209
- Release of last hostages to, 333
- Resumption of role of, 240
- Searching for valid PFLP
negotiator, 324
- Sending of senior officials to Amman, 248
- Suspension of negotiations with PFLP, 235, 236, 238
- Visits to hijacked passengers by, 202,
216, 241,
250
- International Development Association (IDA), 184
- International Volunteer Services, 198
- Iran (see also
Gulf islands dispute; Iran
and
Iranian
subentries under other subjects):
- Bahraini independence, 102
- Bahraini membership in FAA/UAE, 79
- British withdrawal from Gulf, 85
-
CENTO political guidelines for
military planning, 33
-
CENTO’s changing role, 8
- Iraq, relations with, 76, 82, 112
- Israel, relations with, 101, 140
- Japanese role in, 83
- Kuwait, relations with, 80
- Oil company agreements with, 21, 72, 94, 96
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 151
- Persian Gulf leadership role for, 122
- Regional security, 72, 74
- Saudi Arabia, relations with:
- Bahrain claim by Iran, 127
- Joint military aid to Yemen, 189
- Obstacles in, 76, 82, 140
- Saudi position, 132, 160
- U.S. position, 96, 159, 161
-
Zahedi-Faisal talks, 88
- Soviet influence in Middle East, 2
- Soviet military equipment barters with, 2
- Soviet naval visits to, 158
-
UAE, relations with, 36, 122
- United Kingdom, relations with, 99, 101
- U.S. bases in, 267
- U.S. military aid to, 267
- U.S. military presence in, 82
- As U.S. oil supplier, 168, 169
- U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
- Yemen Arab Republic, relations with, 198
- Iraq (see also
Iraq
and
Iraqi
subentries under other subjects):
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Bahrain, relations with, 81
- Cairo Agreement, Sept. 27, 1970, 332
- Economic situation, 94
- Expansionist aims of, 160
- Iran, relations with, 76, 82, 112
- Islamic summit, 10
- Israeli policy toward, 101
- Kuwait claimed by, 36
- Kuwait, relations with, 118
- As major oil producer, 169
- Oil company agreements with, 94, 164
- Persian Gulf objectives, 88
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 181
- Soviet influence in, 2
- Soviet naval visits to, 158
- Soviet oil interests in, 77
- Turkey, relations with, 3
- United Kingdom, relations with, 110,
112
-
Irwin, John N., II, 37, 50
- British arms sales to South Africa, 53
-
CENTO, 33
- Jordanian disaster relief task force, 328, 331
- Persian Gulf, 103, 113
- Saudi Arabia, 135, 164, 166, 168
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
-
Iryani, Qadi Abd al Rahman al-, 118, 186, 187, 191, 196
- ’Isa bin Salman al Khalifah,
Shaikh, 72, 122
- Islamic Summit, Jidda, Mar. 1970, 180
- Islamic summit, Rabat, Sept. 1969, 10
- Isle des Roches, 39
- Ismail, Abdul Fattah, 172
- Israel (see also
Israel
and
Israeli
subheadings under other subjects):
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Bern meeting on PFLP
counterproposal, 224
- Cairo Agreement, Sept. 1970, 331
- Death of Nasser and, 334
- Desalting, 4, 9,
12, 14, 35
- Iran, relations with, 101, 140
- Jordan, settlement with, 2
- Military superiority in Middle East, 3
- Request for extradition of hijacker, 213
- Saudi views of, 151
- Soviet attack on, possible, 290
-
UAR settlement with, 2
- U.S. commitments to, 327
- U.S. military aid and sales to, 152
- Arab-U.S. relations as affected by, 141
- in response to Jordanian conflict, 222, 290, 303, 312,
315
- Phantom fighters, 16, 129
- Saudi position, 129, 131
- U.S. security interests in, 2
- Withdrawal from Sinai, 1957, 131
- Israel Desalinization Engineering, 35
- Italy, 22, 25, 151, 313
-
Jabir al-Ahmad al-Jabir al Sabah,
Shaikh, 123
- Jabir Hamoud al-Sabah, Shaikh, 123, 124
- Jackson, Henry “Scoop,” 39
- Japan (see also
Japanese
subentries under other subjects):
- Dependence on Persian Gulf oil, 77
- Indian Ocean role of, 42
- Oil demand in, 148
- Oman, relations with, 106
- Persian Gulf role for, 83
- Saudi Arabia, trade with, 140
- Suez Canal, effect of the reopening, 30
- Jaquinet, Louis, 241, 244, 245
- Jarring, Gunnar, 3, 260
- Jarring Mission, 27, 131, 184
- Javits, Jacob, 3
- Jerusalem’s status, 127, 133, 147, 149, 151
- Jizan, 171
- Johnson, Joseph, 3
- Johnson, Lyndon B., 4, 9,
12
-
Johnson, U. Alexis, 205, 210, 219, 324
-
CENTO, 36
- Diego Garcia, 39
- Hijackings, 199, 209, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 58, 61, 68, 70
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
- Field hospitals sent under ICRC auspices, 270,
281
- Israeli military intervention in, 290, 291, 303
- Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
- U.S. military aid to, 326
- U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
- U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention, 317
- Lebanon, 326
- Middle East military planning, 13
- Persian Gulf, 86, 106, 119
- Prince Fahd’s visit to
Washington, 130
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- Johnston, Eric, 3
- Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS):
- Assessment of situation in CENTO
region, 36
- Hijacking hostage evacuation, planning for, 214, 233
- Indian Ocean, 43, 50, 69
-
JCSM
26–71, 30
- Jordan, 313, 317
- Navy Strategic Island Concept, 39
- Persian Gulf, 83
- Soviet naval expansion in Middle East, 3
- Soviet threat in the Mediterranean, 22
- Suez Canal, implication of reopening, 30
- Jones, Curtis F., 186, 196
- Jordan (see also
Hijackings; Jordan
and
Jordanian
subheadings under other subjects):
- Amman security situation, deterioration of, 295
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Communist threat to, 127
- Emergency relief for, 326, 330, 331, 332, 333, 334
- Establishment of “branch” U.S. embassy in Amman, 332
- Fedayeen, threat to, 7
- Field hospitals sent under ICRC
auspices, 270, 280, 281, 307, 313, 315, 326, 328, 330, 331, 333
- Iranian military sales to, 326
- Israel-Jordan settlement, 2
- Kuwaiti Khartoum agreement subsidies to, 94, 312, 326
- Libya, relations with, 328
- Libyan economic aid to, 312
- Mediation of Saudi-Abu Dhabi border dispute by, 122, 125
- Palestinian conflict with:
- Battles in northern Jordan, initial reports, 239
- British military intervention in, 254, 279, 281, 282,
285, 288, 290, 299, 307
- British-U.S. talks on, 249
- Cairo Agreement on ceasefire, Sept. 27,
1970, 303, 330, 331,
332, 333
- Cairo Summit, Sept. 22, 1970, 303, 304,
312
- Casualties in Amman fedayeen camp, 313
- Ceasefires, 225, 254, 267,
303, 316, 317, 319, 321,
328, 330, 331, 332
- Control of Palestinian movement, 247
- As cover for controversial U.S. decisions, 318
- Evacuation of foreigners:
- Fedayeen victory, consequences of, 247
- Five-nation Arab Commission Force control of Amman, 334
- Four-nation reconciliation committee, 263
-
Hussein’s approach
to, 250, 272
-
Hussein’s willingness
to move against fedayeen, 250
- British position, 249
- Decision for “all or nothing” showdown, 246
- Soviet position, 252
- U.S. position, 217, 218, 234, 252, 296
- Iranian responses to, 256
- Iraqi military intervention, possible:
- Iranian position, 259
- Iraqi position, 253
- Israeli response to, 254, 265
- Movement toward Jarash, 312
- U.S. position, 214, 247, 252, 253, 303, 326
- Withdrawal from Irbid area, 271, 272
- Iraqi role in:
- Israeli military intervention in:
- Air strikes, 257, 281, 283, 286, 318
- British-U.S. discussions on, 288, 290, 302, 303
- Ground forces, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299, 300, 302, 313, 315, 316
-
Hussein’s
approach to, 250, 285, 300, 304, 315, 316
- Israeli consideration for, 309
- Israeli-U.S. discussion on, 283, 287, 289, 301
- Military preparation for, 316
-
NSC meeting on, 298, 299
- Permanent vs. temporary occupation, 294, 295
- Retention of Jordanian territory, 314
- Seizure of high ground, 247
- Soviet response to, 222,
247, 265, 266, 272, 273, 290, 307, 317
- U.S. messages to Soviets on, 291, 299, 303, 311, 315
- U.S. planning for, 303
- U.S. position, 231, 233, 287, 315, 318
- U.S. principles for guidance in, 292
- U.S. questions for Hussein on, 309
- Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 218, 253,
254
- Amman fighting, 240,
241, 253, 254, 313, 322
- Army movement into north, 272
- Army ultimatum, 267
- Fedayeen attack on U.S. embassy, 272
- Fedayeen resistance to, 263
- Israeli air strikes in support of, 257, 260
-
Nixon-Kissinger conversations on, 256, 258
-
Nixon’s
statement on U.S. intervention in support of, 261, 262, 264
- U.S. air strikes in support of, 260
- Libyan military intervention, 280, 316
- Outcomes to, possible, 247, 274, 286
- Political nature of Jordan following, 247
- Post-hijacking anarchy, 208,
214
- Principle contingencies in, 247
- Soviet démarche to United States, 266, 267
- Soviet position, 220, 254, 307
- Syrian military intervention in:
- Armored brigade attacks, 275
- Irbid occupation, 282,
283, 284, 292, 299, 305
- Israeli actions to spook Syrians, 278
- Israeli aerial reconnaissance of, 280, 294
- Israeli attack on Syria as response to, 304
- Jordanian troop morale as affected by, 303
- Possibilities of, 214,
252, 326
- Soviet position, 291
- Soviet support for, 286,
312
- Syrian position, 253
- Tank engagements with Jordanian army, 272, 280, 281, 304, 307, 313, 316
-
UAR position, 280
- U.S. démarche to Soviets regarding, 275, 276
- Withdrawal of Syrian forces, 318, 322
- Turkish role in, 254
-
UAR military intervention
against Israel, possible, 265
-
UAR position, 254, 264,
272, 281
- U.S. embassy officers kidnapped by fedayeen, 221
- U.S.-Jordanian talks on, 234
- U.S. military aid and sales packages in response to, 254, 312,
313, 315, 326, 332, 333,
334
- U.S. military intervention in:
- Evacuation as goal of, 212, 214, 222, 247, 265, 274, 299
- Ground versus air strikes, 247
- Intelligence efforts, 256
- Jordanian request for, 284, 285, 286, 305
-
NATO concerns
allayed regarding, 323
- Readiness levels for, 262, 264, 267, 315, 326, 330
- Soviet position, 265,
272, 273, 274
- U.S. versus Israeli role in, 233, 260, 261
- U.S. Navy ships posted offshore, 254, 256, 264, 274,
315, 323
- U.S. planning for Soviet intervention, 222
- U.S. plans for deterring Soviet intervention, 317
- Washington Special Actions Group meetings on, 254, 260,
264, 267, 273, 275, 281,
290, 299, 304, 312, 317,
326
- Persian Gulf leadership role for, 122
- Saudi economic aid to, 197
- Saudi Khartoum agreement subsidies to, 94, 140, 148, 159, 169
- Saudi military intervention in, possible, 142
- Saudi military sales to, 326
- Soviet military aid and sales to, 2
- Soviet policy toward, 16
- United States, relations with, 141
- U.S. military aid and sales to:
- Aircraft, 124
- Packages for response to Palestinian conflict, 254, 274,
312, 313, 315, 326, 332,
333, 334
- Rifles and artillery, 17
- Saudi position, 152
-
Jungers, Frank, 128, 141
- Kagnew, 46, 49
- Kalb, Marvin, 262
- Kamaran Island, 196
- Kamel, Hasan, 72
- Kamhawi, Zahi, 251
- Karamessines, Thomas, 222
- Karami, Rashid, 16
-
Kearns, Henry, 145, 163
- Kelley, John E., 68, 71
-
Kennedy, David M., 3, 73
-
Kennedy, Col. Richard T., 54
- Hijackings, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 50, 58, 59, 63, 70
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
- Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 290
- Israeli military intervention in, 303
- Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
- Syrian military intervention in, 281
- U.S. military aid to, 326
- U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
- U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in, 317
- Persian Gulf, 76, 83
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 22
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- Kenya, 43, 52
- Khalatbari, Abbas Ali, 88
-
Khalid, Leila, 206, 246, 330
- Khalid bin Abd al-Aziz al Saud, Crown Prince, 133, 140, 153
- Khalid bin Saqr Al-Qasimi, Deputy Ruler of Ras al-Khaimah, 109
-
Khalid ibn Mohammed al Qasimi,
Shaikh, Sultan of Sharjah, 88, 107
-
Khalifah bin Hamad al-Thani, Shaykh
of Qatar, 36, 113, 117, 122, 158
- Khammash, Gen. Amer, 125, 191
- Khartoum Conference, Nov. 1967, 94, 140
- Khartoum Conference, Aug.–Sept. 1968, 7
-
Khashoggi, Adnan, 134, 162
- Khrushchev, Nikita S., 47
-
Killgore, Andrew, 277
-
Kissinger, Henry A., 132, 135, 271, 276, 311
- British arms sales to South Africa, 53
-
CENTO officials’ meetings with
Nixon, 6, 21
- Country Policy Statement on Saudi Arabia, 133
- Desalting, 4, 5,
9, 12, 14, 35
- Diego Garcia, 38, 52
-
Faisal’s meeting with
Nixon, May 1971, 151
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 98, 99, 100
- Hijackings:
- British-U.S. talks on, 255
- Conversations with Nixon on, 209,
226, 232, 233
- Conversations with Rogers on, 227,
231
- Passengers removed to hotels, 231
- Reports to Nixon
on, 209, 214, 216, 218, 221,
225, 235, 239, 240, 242,
246, 248
- U.S. flights to Arab states, recommendation against, 228
- Washington Special Actions Group meetings on, 214
- Indian Ocean:
- As area free of major-power competition, 59, 61,
62, 63, 64
- Moscow summit agenda items for, 70
- Non-strategic naval limitations, 69
- Soviet naval threat in, 46, 48, 50,
51, 54, 57
- U.S. naval planning options in, 46, 48, 54
- U.S. naval presence in, 58, 59, 61
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 299
- Jordan:
- British military intervention in, 288
- British-U.S. talks on, 249
- Field hospitals sent under ICRC auspices, 270,
331
-
Hussein’s request for
military intervention, 285
- Israeli military intervention in:
- Air strikes on Syrian forces, 283, 287, 289
- Ground forces in, 292,
293, 294, 295, 296, 297, 298, 299
-
Hussein’s
reaction to, 300
- Israeli-U.S. discussions on, 283, 287, 289, 301, 302
- Soviet response to, 307
- U.S. aid package in response to, 312
- U.S. as intermediary, 314
- U.S. questions for Hussein on, 309
- Israeli views toward Hussein, 325
- Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 253, 254,
260, 313
- Conversations with Nixon on, 256, 258, 262, 291
- Israeli air strikes in support of, 257, 291
-
Nixon’s
statement on U.S. intervention, 261, 262
- Reports to Nixon on, 247, 248, 263, 272, 274, 275, 310, 315, 316, 327, 330, 331, 332, 333
- Soviet military intervention in, U.S. strategies
for deterrence of, 317
- Soviet position, 273
- Syrian military intervention in, 286
- Engagements with Jordanian army, 307
- Irbid occupation, 305
- Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 290
- Israeli attacks on Syria in response to,
299, 304
- Soviet position, 291
- U.S. military aid and sales, 17
- U.S. military intervention in, 264, 265, 267, 286
- Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318, 322
-
WSAG actions on,
274, 303
- Kuwait, 92
- Lebanon, 326
- Middle East, 3, 13
- Oman, 87
- Persian Gulf, 82, 83, 118
- Saudi Arabia, 146, 160, 168, 180
- United Arab Emirates, 103
- United Arab Republic, 23
- U.S. commitments to Israel, 327
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19, 22, 25
- Yemen Arab Republic, 177, 178, 180, 189
- Yemen PDR–U.S. relations, 174
- Knowles, Lt. Gen. Richard, 50
- Korea, Republic of, 326
- Kosygin, Alexiy, 21, 187, 334
- Kurds, 3, 77, 101, 122
- Kuria Muria Islands, 171
- Kuwait (see also
Kuwait
and
Kuwaiti
subentries under other subjects):
- Arab summit on Jordan conflict, 280
- Bahraini independence, 102
- Bahraini membership in FAA/UAE, 79
- British military aid and sales to, 92
- Economic situation, 94
- Fedayeen funding from, 7
- French military sales to, 121, 123
- Iran, relations with, 80
- Iraq, relations with, 118
- Iraqi claims to, 36, 92
- Iraqi threat to, 80, 108
- Japanese views on political situation, 77
- Oil company agreements with, 94, 164
- Palestinian residents of, 92, 118
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 36, 151
- Plebiscite on union with Iran, 72
- PLFP demonstrations in, 27
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 161
- Soviet Union, relations with, 36
- United States, relations with, 118, 141
- U.S. military aid and sales to:
- Aircraft, 89, 108, 111, 123, 124
- Arms purchase eligibility, 92
-
DOD survey team, 114, 121
- Ex-Im Bank financing, 163
- Kuwaiti approval of, 108
- Kuwaiti requests for arms purchases, 78
- U.S. approval of, 91
- U.S. company contacts with Kuwaiti officials, 114, 115
- As U.S. oil supplier, 168, 169
- Yemen PDR, relations with, 116
- Kuznetsov, Vasiliy V., 272, 273
- Labor unions, 117, 133
- Ladgam, Bahi, 330, 332, 334
-
Laird, Melvin:
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 1
- Desalting, 5, 14
- Diego Garcia, 39, 40, 49
- Hijackings, 209, 222
- Indian Ocean, 42
- Jordan, 281, 307, 313, 318
- Kuwaiti arms purchases, 114
- Middle East, 3
- Persian Gulf, 72, 91, 120
- Saudi Arabia, 136, 142, 157, 159, 161, 165
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- Yemen Arab Republic, 189, 195
- Lake, Anthony, 76
- Latimer, Tom, 31
- Law of the Sea, 69
- Leahy Report, 142, 144
- Lebanon (see also
Lebanon
and
Lebanese
subentries under other subjects):
- Fedayeen threat to, U.S. position, 8, 214
- Israeli attacks on, 141
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 151
- Soviet military aid and sales to, 2
- Soviet policy toward, 16
-
UN Security Council resolutions on,
118
- U.S. arms sales to Israel, 141
- U.S. contingency planning for, 326
- U.S. military aid and sales to, 17, 214
- Liapis, Stephen, 192
- Libya (see also
Libya
and
Libyan
subentries under other subjects):
- Arab summit on Jordan conflict, 280
- Elimination of Mediterranean-area foreign military bases, 31
- Fedayeen funded by, 7
- Jordan, relations with, 328
- Malta, relations with, 31
- Nationalization of BP interests in, 112
- Oil company agreements with, 94, 96, 148, 164
- Overthrow of King Idris, 130
- Soviet Union, relations with, 20
-
UAR influence on, 18
- United States, relations with, 3, 26, 141
-
Lincoln, Franklin B., 25, 170
-
Lincoln, Gen. George A., 3
- Lindjord, Haakon, 9, 22,
83
-
Linebaugh, J. David, 68
- Lisagor, Peter, 261
- Lockheed Corporation, 78, 108, 111, 152
- Long, David E., 186, 196
- Lord, Winston, 100
- Luard, Evan, 81
-
Luce, William:
- Appointment as Special Representative in Gulf States of, 86
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 93, 97, 98, 99
- Gulf islands dispute, 88, 93, 99, 105, 107
- Iranian economic aid to Gulf states, 103
-
MacArthur, Douglas, II:
- British Persian Gulf policy, 84, 85
- Gulf islands dispute, 84, 88, 105
- Iranian request for military equipment, 267
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 254, 260, 271, 274
- Persian Gulf regional security arrangement, 74
- Seven-state agreement on formation of UAE, 104
- U.S. Persian Gulf policy, 77
- MacDonald, Col. J. Angus, 35
- Mahdi, Mohammad, 72
- Maghreb, 22
- Mahra, 182
- Makarios, Archbishop, 214, 267
- Malagasy Republic, 43, 52
- Malawi, 52
- Malaysia, 46
- Maldives, 52
- Malik, Lt. Gen. Akhtar Hussain, 6
- Malik, Maj. Gen. Ibrahim, 136
- Maloney, Col. George, 165
- Malta, 3, 22, 25, 26, 31, 254
-
Mansfield, Michael, 39, 40, 83, 303, 304
- Maoism, 265
- Marshall, Anthony D., 56
- Masirah Island, 83, 87
-
Maswari, Brig. Husayn al-, 188
- Matsu, 318
- Mauritius, 36, 37, 43, 50, 61, 71
-
Mayo, Robert P., 5, 12, 14, 91
- McCain, Adm. John S., Jr., 42
-
McCloskey, Robert, 214, 264, 267, 303
- McGinnis, John, 61
- McHenry, Donald, 9, 22,
83
- McNamara, Robert, 51, 137
- Mediterranean area:
- Analytical summary for policymaking in, 24
-
EEC trade agreements in, 24
- Libyan goal of eliminating foreign military bases from, 31
- Major problems of, 24
- Soviet military presence in, 11, 24, 26
- Soviet policy toward, 20
- U.S. military bases in, 24
- U.S. policy toward, 19, 22, 25
- Meir, Golda:
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 262, 264
- Statement on release of Israeli prisoners, 268
- King Faisal’s views toward, 151
- U.S. military aid and sales to Israel, 222, 290
- Visits:
- United States, Sept. 1969, 9
- United States, Sept. 1970, 263
-
Melhuish, Ramsay, 28
-
Menemencioglu, Turgut, 21, 29
- Mercenaries, 175, 176
- Meyer, Cord, 31
- Middle East:
- East-West conflict’s effect on, 24
- Soviet covert activity in, 31
- Soviet influence in, 2
- Soviet military aid to, 16
- Soviet naval expansion in, 2, 3
- Soviet policy, 16, 20
- U.S. military planning in, 3, 13
- U.S. position in, 2
- MIDEASTFOR:
- Bahrain as home port for, 43, 96, 99, 112, 113
- Future prospects for, 82, 83
- Planning for continuation of, 91
- MIDLINK exercise, 107
-
Miklos, Jack C., 79, 84, 112,
124
- Military Training Missions (MTMs), 133, 152, 156, 169
-
Millard, Guy E., 28, 84, 88,
93
- Miller, Brig. Gen. Raymond O., 212
- Mitchell, John, 209
- Moberly, John, 198, 223
- Mobile Army Surgical Hospitals (MASH), 333, 334
- Mobil Oil Co., 169
- Molotov-Ribbentrop Protocol (1940), 82
-
Moorer, Adm.
Thomas H.:
-
CENTO, 33, 36
- Diego Garcia, 39
- Hijackings, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 42, 54, 56, 61, 64
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
- British-U.S talks on, 249
- Israeli military intervention in:
- Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 256,
260, 313
- Syrian military intervention in, 281, 307
- U.S. military aid to, 326
- U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267, 295, 297,
298
- U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in, 317
- Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
- Lebanon, 326
- Persian Gulf, 91
- Spanish military capabilities, 26
- U.S. force reductions in the Mediterranean, 22
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- Moro, Aldo, 334
- Morocco:
- Alliance with Spain and Portugal, proposed, 25
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Coup attempt, 1971, 153
- Soviet covert activity in, 31
- Soviet Union, relations with, 20
- United States, relations with, 3, 141
-
Morton, Rogers C.B., 35
- Mosbacher, Emil, Jr., 32, 132, 155
- Moscow Summit, 1971, 159
- Mubarak, Mohammed bin, Shaikh, 81
- Murphy, Franklin, 23
-
Murphy, Richard, 93, 97, 104,
147, 152
- Murphy, Robert, 23, 25
- Musandam Peninsula, 72
-
Al Musawwar, 166
- Najd, 133, 140
- Najran, 171, 178
- Naqvi, Swaleh, 34
- Narcotics, 108
-
Nasser, Gamal Abdul:
- Arafat’s relationship with, 271
- Death of, 153, 157, 332, 333, 334
- Fedayeen as threat to, 23
- Islamic summit, 10
- King Faisal’s views toward, 133, 140
- Kuwaiti views toward, 80
- Palestinian conflict with Jordan:
- Ceasefire proposal, 267
- Ceasefire violations charges against Jordanian army, 328
- Iranian position, 259, 271
- Israeli position, 260
- Mediation attempts, 263, 264, 272
- Position on, 252, 254
- Support for Hussein, 274
- U.S. position, 264
- Saudi détente with, 133
- Saudi-UAR conflict over Yemen,
177
- Soviet support for, 16, 265
-
UAR withdrawal from Yemen, 118
- National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs):
-
NIE
30–1–67, 96
-
NIE
11–6–70, 20
-
NIE
20/30–70, 96
-
NIE
36–6–70, 96, 140
-
NIE 30–1–71, 96
- National Security Council (NSC):
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 1
- Indian Ocean as area free of major-power competition, 60
- Interdepartmental Group for Near East and South Asia papers:
- “Basic U.S. Interests in the Middle East,” 1, 2
- “Country Policy Statement on Saudi Arabia,” 133
- “Desalting in the Middle East,” 4,
5, 9
- “Future U.S. Policy in the Persian Gulf,” 76
- “Persian Gulf: Analytical Summary of IG Response to NSSM
66,” 82
- Meetings:
- Feb. 1, 1969, 3
- Dec. 10, 1969, 17
- June 10, 1970, 22
- June 17, 1970, 22, 23, 26
- Sept. 21, 1970 (morning session),
299
- Sept. 21, 1970 (evening session),
307
- Sept. 22, 1970, 313
- Sept. 23, 1970, 318
- National Security Decision Memoranda (NSDMs):
- National Security Study Memoranda (NSSMs):
- “Concepts of Naval Arms Control” (unreleased draft), 61, 63
-
NSSM
2, 1
-
NSSM
30, 4, 5, 35
-
NSSM
66, 73, 82
-
NSSM
87, 19
-
NSSM
88, 19, 22
-
NSSM
90, 19, 22
-
NSSM
104, 41, 42, 45, 46, 47, 50, 54, 57, 59
-
NSSM
110, 54, 57, 58, 59
-
Nawwaf ibn Abd al-Aziz al Saud,
Prince, 72, 141, 151
- Near East Foundation, 198
- Nethercutt, Richard, 68
- Neubert, Joseph, 50
- New Zealand, U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
- Nigeria, 53
-
Nixon, Richard M.:
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 1, 127
-
CENTO, 6,
21, 29, 32
- Desalting, 4, 5,
9, 12
- Diego Garcia, 38
- Hijackings:
- Conversations with Kissinger on, 209,
226, 232, 233, 269
- Reports from Haig
on, 203, 207
- Reports from Kissinger on, 209,
214, 216, 218, 221, 225,
235, 239, 240, 242, 246,
248
- U.S. retaliation for, planning for, 222
- Indian Ocean:
- As area free of major-power competition, 61, 62,
68
- British-U.S. security talks, 41,
57
- Moscow summit agenda items for, 70
- Navy planning options, 42
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304, 308
- Israeli withdrawal from Sinai, 1957, 131
- Jordan:
- British-U.S. talks on, 249
- Israeli air strikes on Syrian troops in, 287, 290,
291, 305
- Israeli ground forces in, 292,
293, 294, 295, 297
- Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians:
- Conversations with Kissinger on, 256, 258, 262, 269
- Fighting in Amman, 313
- Israeli versus U.S. air strikes in support of,
260
- Statement on U.S. intervention in support of, 261, 262, 264
- Report from Haig
on, 328, 331
- Reports from Kissinger on, 247,
248, 263, 272, 274, 275,
310, 315, 316, 327, 330,
331, 332, 333
- Syrian military intervention in, 281, 286, 305
- U.S. military aid and sales, 17
- Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
-
WSAG actions on, 274
- Meeting with Shah Reza Pahlavi, 74
- Middle East, 3
- Oman, 87
- Persian Gulf, 89, 106, 113, 118, 119, 120
- Saudi-U.S. relations, 139
-
Faisal-Nixon communications, 130, 139,
143, 154, 158, 159, 160,
161, 168, 169, 185
-
Faisal’s visit, May
1971, 149, 150, 151, 169
- Prince Fahd’s
visits to United States, 130, 131, 132,
155
-
Rogers’s visit, May
1971, 149
-
Sultan’s visit, June 1972, 159, 160, 161,
169
- United Arab Republic, 23
- U.S. commitments to Israel, 327
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19, 25
- Visits:
- Egypt, 1963, 155
- Europe, Feb.–Mar. 1969, 6
- Iran, 1972, 32
- Moscow, May 1972, 68
- People’s Republic of China, 1972,
32
- Yemen Arab Republic, 177, 191, 193
- Yemen PDR–U.S. relations, 174
-
Nixon Doctrine, 46, 57, 59,
61, 139
- Nkrumah, Kwame, 16
- Nonaligned Conference, Lusaka, Sept. 1970, 46, 48, 57
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):
- European role in, 6
- Israeli military intervention in Jordan, 290, 303, 315
- Reforger exercise, 318
- Soviet military presence in the Mediterranean, 11
- Soviet threat to, 2
- U.S. actions in response to conflict in Jordan, 317, 323
- Northrop Corporation, 108, 111, 121, 123, 126, 149,
152
- Northwest Cape, 46, 49
- Nowfel, Camille, 131, 132, 151, 155, 161, 191
- Noyes, James H., 111, 165, 303
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- U.S. military aid to Jordan, 326
- U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in Jordan, 317
- Nuclear energy detection stations, 46
- Nuclear Proliferation Treaty, 3
- Nuclear weapons:
- Indian Ocean as zone free of, 46, 48, 58, 67
- Introduction into Middle East, 2
- Soviet use of, 3
-
Nu’man, Ahmad Mohammad, 184, 186
-
Nu’man, Isma’il Sa’id, 171
- Numeyri, Gaafar, 263, 271, 272, 303, 322, 328
-
Nutter, G. Warren:
- Desalting, 9
- Diego Garcia, 40
- Indian Ocean, 50, 58
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan, 254, 290, 303
- Middle East, 13
- Saudi Arabia, 156, 159
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- Nyerere, Julius, 41
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 4, 9, 12
- Oehlert, Benjamin H., Jr., 8
- Office of Saline Water (OSW), 35
- Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), 69
- Oil (see also
Arab American Oil Company (ARAMCO); Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
(OPEC)):
- Arab need for sales of, 23
- Balance of payments support from U.S. control in Middle East of,
130, 133,
169
- Corporate producer agreements:
- Abu Dhabi, 94
- Algeria, 164
- Iran, 21, 72, 94, 96
- Iraq, 94, 164
- Kuwait, 94, 164
- Libya, 94, 96, 148,
164
-
OPEC, 94, 96, 148, 164,
168
- Qatar, 94
- Saudi Arabia, 94, 148, 164
- Venezuela, 96
- Gulf state revenues from, 140
- Japanese need for, 77, 148
- Persian Gulf production of, 82
- Production controls on, 164
- Revenues from, 94, 140
- Saudi aid payments in, 148
- Saudi barter arrangements with Eastern Europe, 133
- Saudi-U.S. oil relations, 164, 166, 168, 169
- U.S. purchase from Saudi Arabia of, 131
- U.S. security interests in Middle East sources of, 2
- U.S. suppliers of, 168, 169
- Western European demand for, 148
- Okhrana, 127
- Oman (see also
Dhofar; Oman
subentries under other subjects), 93
- Assessment of situation in, 36
- BCCI subsidiary in, 34
- British military aid and sales to, 198
- Buraimi dispute, 122
- Dhofar guerrilla movement, 152, 158
- India, relations with, 106
- Iranian influence in, 72
- Iranian technical aid to, 191
- Japan, relations, with, 106
- Jordanian technical aid to, 191
- Jordanian troops in, 117
- Oil revenues, 94
- Pakistan, relations with, 106
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 87, 132, 153, 158, 189
- Saudi economic and military aid and sales to, 36, 117, 191
- Saudi role in, U.S. position, 152, 159
- Soviet Union, relations with, 36
-
UAE, relations with, 87
- United Kingdom, relations with, 87
- United States, relations with, 87, 106, 113, 191
- U.S. arms sales policy toward, 120
- Yemen PDR–U.S. relations, 194
- Operation Scrounge, 267
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 169
- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) (see also
Oil), 94, 96, 148, 164, 168
- Oss, Majid al-, 141
- Pachachi, Nadhim, 72
- Packard, David M.:
- Hijackings, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 42, 50, 58, 59
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
- British-U.S. talks on, 249
- Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 290, 291
- Israeli ground forces in, 297,
299
- Israeli military intervention in, 303, 307
- Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 256,
260, 313
- Syrian military intervention in, 281, 307
- U.S. military aid to, 326
- U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
- Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
- Middle East military planning, 13
- Naval force development in Saudi Arabia, 144, 157
- Prince Fahd’s visit, 130
- U.S. evaluation of Saudi defense planning, 144
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- Paganelli, Robert P., 7
-
Pahlavi, Mohammed Reza:
-
ARAMCO oil offtake, 128
- Bahrain, 127
- Gulf islands dispute, 84, 96
- Compromise proposal, 99
- Federation of Arab Amirates formation and, 98, 100
- London formula, 105
- Saudi role in, 153
- Iran as U.S. oil supplier, 169
- Iranian claims on Gulf States, 72
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 254, 259, 260
- Assessment of, 271, 274
- Israeli air attacks on Syrian forces, 290, 291
- Responses to, 256
- U.S. bases in Iran, 267
- Middle East neutralization proposal, 189
-
Nixon’s greetings to, 32
- Saudi-Iranian relations, 160, 161
- Visit to Washington, Oct. 1969, 74, 132
-
YAR-Iranian relations, 198
- Pakistan (see also
Pakistan
and
Pakistani
subentries under other subjects):
- Abu Dhabi Air Force arrangements with, 121, 122
- Bahrain, relations with, 81
-
CENTO, 8,
28, 33
- Civil war in, 29
- Desalting, 9
- Indian Islamic summit role, 10
- Indo-Pakistani War, 36, 65, 69, 70, 122
- Oman, relations with, 106
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 28, 57
- Persian Gulf leadership role for, 122
- Political situation, 6
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 133
- U.S. basing arrangements with, 43
- U.S. military aid and sales, 21
- Palestine:
- Red Crescent organization, 239
- Refugees, 3, 127, 131
- Saudi policy toward, 151
- Saudi-U.S. relations as affected by, 133
- Palestine Liberation Army (see also
Fedayeen), 317, 322
- Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO):
- Creation of liberated area in northern Jordan, 263
-
Fatah merger with, 7
- Islamic summit role of, 10
- Kuwaiti aid to, 18
- Meeting in response to Jordan conflict, 248
- Moroccan aid to, 18
-
PFLP expulsion from, 234
- Palestinian-Jordanian conflict. See under
Jordan.
- Palestinians, 36
- Parmenter, William, 58
- Parsons, Tony, 100, 117, 125
- Paul VI, Pope, 240
- Peace Corps, 133, 184,
198
-
Pederson, Richard F., 3, 72, 83
- Pelletreau, Robert H., 112
- People’s Republic of China (see also
People’s Republic of China
subentries under other subjects):
- Greece, relations with, 151
- Indian Ocean actions of, 47, 57, 58
- India, relations with, 65
- Iran, relations with, 151
- Italy, relations with, 151
- Kuwait, relations with, 36
- Lebanon, relations with, 151
-
Nixon visit (1972), 32
- Pakistan, relations with, 28, 57
- Philippines, relations with, 151
- Sri Lanka, relations with, 151
- Syria, relations with, 16
- Tanzania, relations with, 57
- Turkey, relations with, 151
- Yemen Arab Republic, relations with, 158
- Yemen PDR, relations with, 151, 158, 160, 181
- Peres, Shimon, 239
- Perim Island, 196
- Persian Gulf (see also
Gulf islands dispute):
- Arab-Israeli dispute’s effect on, 76,
82
- British-Iranian talks, 88
- British-U.S. talks on, 72, 84, 86, 88, 117
- British views on issues in, 93, 101
- British withdrawal from, 6
- Bahraini position, 81
- British policy on, 98
- British role following, 93, 117, 120
- Conservative Party reevaluation of, 85, 93
- Implementation of, 112
- Iranian position, 85
- Leadership roles after, 122
- Saudi position, 140
- Soviet response to, 140
- U.S. planning for, 13, 82, 83,
96
-
CENTO assessment of the situation
in, 36
-
CIA views toward, 75, 96, 122
- Domino theory as applied to, 101
- Iranian-Arab conflict in, 72, 80
- Iranian economic aid to states in, 103
- Iranian views on issues in, 101
- Iraqi objective in, 88, 122
- Israeli views on issues in, 101
- Japanese role in, 83
- Jordanian role in, 117
- Jordanian views on issues in, 101
- Limitations on U.S. action in, 82
-
NATO role in, 83
- Oil production in, 82
- Oil settlement, Feb. 1971, 94
- Palestinian residents of, 82
- Regional security arrangement proposal, 74
- Revolutionary movements in, 122
-
Rogers’s visit to, 118
- Saudi-Iranian cooperation in, 82, 119
- Saudi policy in, 72, 95, 101
- Soviet interests in, 82, 88, 96, 101, 116, 122
- U.S. policy in:
- Arms sales, 82, 117, 119,
120
-
IG papers on, 76, 82
-
NSDM
92, 91, 102, 113
-
NSSM
66, 73, 89
- Options for, 89
- Saudi Arabia as factor in, 158
- Support for “chosen instrument” in, 82, 89
- U.S. embassy in Iran views toward, 77
- U.S. presence in, 82, 83, 89, 101, 122
- U.S. role in, 24, 99
- Petromin, 133, 148,
164
- Phantom fighters, 129, 137, 141, 174
- Pharaon, Rashid, 127, 151
- Philippines, 151
- Pickering, Thomas, 50
- Podgorny, Nikolai V., 187
- Political parties:
- Arab Nationalist Movement (Bahrain), 36,
122
- Arab Nationalist Movement (Saudi Arabia), 133
- Arab Socialist Union (UAR), 16
- Ba’ath (Bahrain), 36, 122
- Ba’ath (Iraq), 116, 253
- Ba’ath (Saudi Arabia), 133
- Ba’ath (Syria), 16
- Conservative (UK), 85
- Democratic (U.S.), 291, 318
- Front for the Liberation of South Yemen (FLOSY), 182
- Labour (UK), 85
- National Front (Yemen PDR), 171, 172, 182
- National Liberation Front (Saudi Arabia), 133
- National Liberation Front-Bahrain (NLF–B), 36, 122
- National Unity Front (NUF) (South Yemen), 36, 183, 187, 196
- Popular Front for Liberation of the Occupied Arab Gulf (PFLOAG),
36, 101, 117, 122
- Republican (U.S.), 318
- South Arabian League (SAL) (Yemen PDR), 182
- Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (see also
Fedayeen):
- Arab support for, 203
- Arab views toward, 211, 227
- Demands of hijackers in Jordan:
- Initial statements, 205, 209
- Israeli acceptance of prisoner release “in principle,”
243, 245, 246
-
PFLP counter-proposal, 221, 222,
224
- Release of European-held prisoners, 246
- Expulsion from PLO, 234
- Fedayeen views toward, 227
-
ICRC search for valid negotiator
from, 324
- Iraqi collusion with, 229
- Kuwaiti demonstrations by, 27
- Lebanese representative as channel, 326
- Tapline sabotage, 133
- Tension among hijackers, 225
- Threat if hostages harmed to, 210, 213, 219
- Ultimatum to Swiss Government, 202
- Zayn as intermediary in talks, 277
- Portugal, 25
-
Pranger, Robert J., 78, 135
- Hijackings, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 50, 58, 64
- Jordan:
- Israeli military intervention in, 290, 303
- Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
- Syrian military intervention in, 281
- U.S. military aid to, 326
- U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
- U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in, 317
- Persian Gulf, 83
- Soviet and U.S. naval interests in Indian Ocean, 46
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 22
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
-
Pravda, 264
- Proctor, Edward, 9, 83
-
Protocols of the Elders of Zion, 127
- Proxmire, William, 40
- Qabus bin Taymoor, Sultan, 36, 72
- Qadhafi, Muammar:
- Boumediene tensions with, 18
- Cancelled visit to Yemen, Sept. 1971, 186
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 263, 271, 272, 280
- Libyan military aid and sales to YAR, 196
- Mediterranean-area foreign military bases, proposed elimination
of, 31
- Nationalization of BP interests in Libya, 112
- overthrow of King Idris, 11, 130
- Qatar (see also
Federation of Arab Amirates (FAA); Qatar
and
Qatari
subentries under other subjects):
- Arab League membership for, 112
- Assessment of situation in, 36, 117
-
CIA views toward, 122
- Deposing of ruler of, possible, 113,
122
- Economic situation, 94
- As FAA (or UAE) member, 72, 90, 98, 100
- Independence for, 101, 104, 158
- Oil company agreements with, 94
- Oil revenues, 140
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 158
- Soviet Union, relations with, 36
-
UAE, relations with, 117
-
UN membership for, 91, 98, 112
- U.S. diplomatic recognition of, 102,
113
- Qawassim, 72
- Quemoy, 318
-
Rabin, Yitzhak:
- British military intervention in Jordan, 288
- Desalting, 9, 35
- Hijackings, 215
- Israeli military intervention in Jordan:
- Air strikes on Syrian forces, 281, 283, 285, 287,
289, 290
- Ground forces, 292, 293, 299
- U.S.-Israeli discussions on, 283, 287, 289, 301,
302
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304, 307, 312
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 260, 262
- Syrian battles with Jordanian forces, 304, 313
- U.S. commitments to Israel, 327
- U.S.-Israeli relations, 3
- Ramsbotham, Peter, 107
- Ras al-Khaimah:
- Delay in joining UAE, 103, 109, 112, 113
- As FAA member, 72, 98
- Foreign financial aid to, 122
- Gulf island dispute, 84, 88, 98, 104, 107, 112
- Iraqi influence in, 122
- Request for U.S. support, 109
- Saudi aid for road building, 158
- Union with Oman, possible, 122
-
Rashid bin Saeed Al Makhtoum,
Shaikh of Dubai, 34, 72,
79, 117
- Raytheon Corporation:
- Arms sales to Kuwait, 111, 123
- Cross-border weapons compatibility, 108
- Hawk missile program, 152, 162
- Khashoggi’s association with, 162
- Saudi Arabian operations of, 133
- Saudi National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 156, 165, 169
- Refugees:
- Reindeer Station Project, 42, 44
- Richardson, Elliot L., 3, 9, 78, 178
-
Rifai, Zaid:
- Hijackings, 213
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 311, 316
- Jordan’s request for field hospitals, 270
- Request for U.S./Israeli/British military intervention, 281, 282, 307
- UNSC meeting on Jordan crisis, 276
- Robinson, Adm. R.C., 260, 264, 303
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- U.S. military aid to Jordan, 326
- U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in Jordan, 317
-
Rochat, Andre:
- Arrival in Amman of, 209
- Departure from Jordan of, 239, 244
- Extension of hijackers’ deadline, 215,
216, 218
- First round of talks by, 213, 214
-
ICRC convoy stopped by fedayeen,
230
-
PFLP counter-proposal, 221, 224
- Tension among hijackers, 225
- Rockefeller, Nelson A., 23
- Rockefeller Foundation, 198
- Rockwell, Stuart W., 72
- Rodman, Peter W., 76, 83, 89, 312, 317
-
Rogers, William P., 135, 276, 324
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 1, 15, 18
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- British arms sales to South Africa, 53
-
CENTO, 21, 32, 33
- Desalting, 5, 14
- Diego Garcia, 37
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 98
- Gulf islands dispute, 105
- Hijackings:
- Appeal for intercession by Arab states, 211, 213
- Conversations with Kissinger on, 227,
231
- Meetings with Nixon
on, 209
- Meeting with ambassadors on prisoner release, 207, 234
- Passengers removed to hotels, 231
- Indian Ocean, 41, 42, 54
- As area free of major-power competition, 55, 57,
58, 62, 68
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 307
- Jordan:
-
Hussein’s request for
military intervention, 285
-
Hussein strike
against fedayeen, possible, 217
- Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 287, 318
- Israeli ground forces in, 292,
293, 294, 295, 298, 299,
300
- Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 256, 257,
258, 260, 261
- Messages to Soviets on, 311
- Soviet views on conflict in, 272
- Statement to Hussein, 280
- Syrian military intervention in, 275, 276
- Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
- Middle East, 3
- Oman, 106
- Persian Gulf, 72, 86, 91, 113, 120
- Saudi Arabia:
- National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 165, 167
- Naval force development in, 157
- Prince Fahd’s
visit, 130, 131, 134
-
Sultan visit to United States, June 1972, 161
- United States, relations with, 136, 168
- United Arab Emirates (UAE), 106
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 19, 26
- Visits:
- Egypt, Saudi Arabia, May 1971, 149, 159,
184
- Kuwait, Bahrain, Yemen, July 1972,
117, 118
- Yemen, July 1972, 193
- Yemen Arab Republic, 173, 178, 184, 189
- Yemen People’s Democratic Republic, 175
- Rohan, Denis Michael, 10
- Romania, 133
- Rosier, Air Marshall Frederick, 6
- Rostow, Eugene, 83
- Rubayya’, Salim, 172, 176
- Ruiz, Aldelmo, 198
-
Rush, Kenneth, 167
- Russell, Richard, 39, 299, 303
- Sabah al-Salem al Sabah, Emir, 72, 116, 140
- Sabbaugh, Isa, 151
- Sa’d al-’Abdullah al-Salim al Sabah, Shaykh, 108, 121, 123
-
Sadat, Anwar:
- Anti-Soviet actions of, 31
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 153
- Saudi-Egyptian relations, 153, 160, 161, 189
- Suez Canal, 155
- Sa’id bin Taymoor, Sultan of Oman, 87, 122
- Saint George, Rear Adm. William, 50, 58
- Saiqah, 272
- Saladin, 253
- Sansom, Robert, 50
-
Saqqaf, Sayyid Omar:
- Abu Dhabi-Saudi Arabia territorial dispute, 125
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 99
- Iranian claims on Bahrain, 127
- Prince Fahd’s visit to
United States, 131, 132
- Saudi military planning against Yemen People’s Democratic
Republic, 147
- U.S. arms sales to Israel, 141
- U.S. military aid and sales to YAR, 197
- Yemen PDR, 181, 183, 188
- Saqr bin Mohammed al Qassimi, Sheikh of Ras al-Khaimah, 113
- Saragat, Giuseppe, 226
- Saudi Arabia (see also
Saudi Arabia
and
Saudi
subentries under other subjects):
- Abu Dhabi, territorial dispute with, 36,
88, 93, 95, 122, 125, 158, 159, 191
- Algeria, relations with, 140
- Arabian Peninsula role of, 158
- Bahrain, relations with, 81, 99
- British military training and sales to, 133, 137, 156, 162, 165
- Communism in, 161
- Country Policy Statement on, 133, 135
- Defense planning by, 142, 144, 152
- Eastern Europe oil barter arrangements with, 133
- Economic situation, 128, 131, 133, 140, 152
[Page 958]
- Emergency relief for Jordan via, 332,
333
- Ethiopia, relations with, 133
- Fedayeen funded by, 7
- France, trade with, 140
- French military training and sales to, 133, 137, 162, 165
- Internal development in, 131, 133, 140, 148, 149
- Internal security situation:
- Iranian position, 135
- Moroccan position, 135
- Prospects for the post-Faisal era, 146,
153
- U.S. position, 133, 135, 146
- Iran, relations with:
- Bahrain claim by Iran, 127
- Joint military aid and sales to Yemen, 189
- Obstacles in, 76, 82, 140
- Saudi position, 132, 160
- U.S. position, 96, 159, 161
-
Zahedi-Faisal talks, 88
- Iraq, relations with, 181
- Japanese role in, 83
- Jerusalem’s status, 127, 133, 147, 149, 151
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 264, 274
- Kuwait, relations with, 161
- Military situation:
- Growth in military expenditures, 134
- Military manpower deficit, 159
- National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 156, 162,
165, 167, 169
- Naval force development, 136,
137, 138, 140, 142, 144,
145, 152, 157
-
NIE: “The Outlook for Saudi Arabia,”
140
- Oil company agreements with, 94, 148, 164
- Oman, relations with, 87, 133, 152, 158, 189
- Pakistan, relations with, 133
- Palestinian residents of, 147
- Persian Gulf leadership role for, 122
-
PFLP sabotage of Tapline, 133
- Policy Analysis and Recommended Action (PARA) paper on, 152, 158
- Political situation, 133
- Post-Faisal regime
prospects, 153
- Qatar, relations with, 158
- Regionalism in, 133
- Spanish military sales to, 165
- Succession question, 153
- Syria, relations with, 181
-
UAE, relations with, 133, 158, 191
-
UAR, relations with, 153, 159, 160, 161
-
UAR airdrop of weapons to rebels in,
1964, 161
- United Kingdom, relations with, 86
- United States, relations with:
-
ARAMCO offtake problem,
128, 136
- Cooperation efforts, 160, 161
-
Fahd’s visit, 130, 131,
132, 134, 136
-
Faisal’s
unrealistic attitudes, 147
-
Nixon Doctrine, 139
- Oil issues, 164, 166, 168,
169
- Palestine issue, 133
- U.S. economic aid to, 133, 152
- U.S. military aid and sales to, 135
- Aircraft purchases, 137, 152
- Ex-Im Bank financing, 145, 163
- Payment equalization for weapons purchases, 131, 136
- U.S. military presence in, 82
- U.S. Military Training Mission in, 133
- U.S. policy on, 133, 152
- Yemen Arab Republic, relations with, 117, 179, 180
- Yemen People’s Democratic Republic, relations with, 133
- Saudi military planning, 140,
147
- U.S. position, 171, 181
- Wadia attack, 137
- Yemen PDR position, 171
- Saud ibn Abdul Aziz ibn Abd al-Rahman Al Saud, King of Saudi Arabia, 161, 165
-
Saunders, Harold H., 54, 202
-
CENTO, 6,
21, 107
- Desalting, 9, 12
- Diego Garcia, 38, 52
-
Fahd’s visits to United
States, 132, 134, 155
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 98, 99
- Gulf islands dispute, 98
- Hijackings, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 48, 50, 58, 70
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
- Israeli air strikes on Syrian forces, 290
- Israeli military intervention in, 303
- Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
- Soviet military intervention in, U.S. strategies for
deterrence of, 317
- Syrian military intervention in, 281
- U.S. military aid to, 326
- U.S. military intervention in, 264, 267
- Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 322
- Lebanon, 326
- Middle East, 2, 3
-
Nixon’s oral message to King
Faisal, 143
- Persian Gulf, 72, 76, 83, 89, 93, 118
- Saudi aircraft purchases, 149
- Saudi-Iranian relations, 189
- Saudi-Jordanian relations, 189
-
Sultan’s visit to United States, June 1972, 159, 160
- U.S. commitments to Israel, 327
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 22
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- U.S.-Saudi oil relations, 168
- Yemen-Saudi relations, 180
-
SAVAK, 72
- Scandinavia, 83
- Scheel, Alex, 313
- Schiff, Stanley D., 28, 29, 68, 152
- Schlesinger, James, 9, 58
- Schneider, David, 56
-
Scotes, Thomas J., 124, 211, 234, 243, 244, 271
- Scott, Hugh, 291
- Seaborg, Glen T., 5, 14
-
Seelye, Talcott W., 200, 201, 208, 211, 234, 237, 243, 244, 245, 249, 268, 271, 279, 321, 324, 329
- Israeli military intervention in Jordan, 303
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Lebanon, 326
- Syrian military intervention in Jordan, 281
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- U.S. military aid to Jordan, 326
- U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in Jordan, 317
- Selassie, Haile, 31
-
Selden, Armistead I., Jr., 61, 69, 114, 157
- Senate, U.S.:
- Baker Resolution, 4
- Case Resolution, 118
- Foreign Relations Committee, 4, 113, 157
- Senior Review Group meetings:
- Sept. 23, 1969, 9
- May 21, 1970, 22
- June 5, 1970, 83
- Nov. 26, 1970 (cancelled), 91
- Dec. 9, 1970, 50
- Apr. 22, 1971, 56,
58, 59
- Aug. 11, 1971, 59
- Oct. 6, 1971, 59,
61, 64
- Seychelles, 36, 37, 43, 52
- Shaabi, Faisal Abd al-Latif al-, 172
-
Sha’abi, Qahtan Mohammed al-, 171, 172, 174
-
Shakespeare, Frank, 9, 22, 83, 91, 159,
261
-
Sharaf, Abdul Hamid, 18, 211, 234
- Sharjah, 36, 72
- Assassination of ruler, 113
- As FAA (or UAE) member, 72, 98
- Fujairah fight over farmland with, 122
- Gulf island dispute, 84, 88, 98, 104, 107, 112
- Saudi aid for road building, 158
- Sharm el-Sheikh, 151
- Shatt al-Arab dispute, 82
- Ship submersible ballistic nuclear (SSBN) submarines, 59, 61, 69
- Shultz, George, 120
- Sieverts, Frank, 326
- Sikes, Robert L.F., 39
- Simonstown Agreement, 41
- Sinai Peninsula, 2
- Singapore, 41, 46, 50, 57
- Singh, Dinesh, 38
- Sirri Island, 72
-
Sisco, Joseph J., 7, 79, 104,
130, 138, 139, 205, 210, 211, 219, 220, 234, 236, 243, 244, 271, 276, 277, 324, 329
- Abu Dhabi-Saudi Arabia territorial dispute, 125
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 15, 118
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Bahrain, 81
-
CENTO, 21, 29, 33
- Diego Garcia, 37
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 97, 100
- Hijackings, 232, 233
- Briefing of Rabin
on, 215
- British-U.S. talks on, 245, 254, 255
- Meetings with Nixon
on, 209
-
PFLP offers on prisoner
exchange, 267
-
UN humanitarian presence at
hostage sites, 223
- Washington Special Actions Group meetings on, 214, 222
- Indian Ocean, 50, 68
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 301, 302, 304, 307
- Jordan:
- British-U.S talks on, 249
-
Hussein’s request for
military intervention, 285
- Israeli military intervention in:
- Air strikes on Syrian forces, 283, 286, 287, 290
- Ground forces, 292, 293, 295, 297, 299
-
Hussein’s
reaction to Israeli ground forces, 300, 302
- Israeli-U.S. discussions on, 301, 302
- Soviet messages on, 307
- U.S. as intermediary, 314
- U.S. questions for Hussein on, 309
- Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 256,
260, 313
- Syrian military intervention in, 281, 307
- U.S. military aid and sales, 17
- Withdrawal of Syrian forces from, 318
- Kuwait, 78
- Middle East, 3
- Oman, 191
- Persian Gulf, 72, 84, 88, 91, 93, 116
- Ras al-Khaimah, 109
- Release of AID workers, 192
- Saudi Arabia:
- Country Policy Statement on, 133
- Ex-Im Bank financing for military purchases, 163
- Internal security situation, 135
- King Faisal’s visit to United States, May 1971, 151
- National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 156, 165
- Naval force development in, 145
- Prince Fahd’s
visits to United States, 131, 155
-
Sultan’s visit to United States, June
1972, 161, 191
- United States, relations with, 136
- U.S. commitments to Israel, 327
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 26
- Yemen Arab Republic, 184, 191
- Yemen People’s Democratic Republic, 171,
175, 181
- Six-day War, June 1967, 133
- Smith, Gerard, 70
-
Smith, K. Wayne, 54
- Smith, R. Jack, 22
- Smith, Walter B., II, 84, 223, 266
- Sober, Sidney, 8
- Socotra Island, 61, 181
- Somalia, 31, 36, 52
-
Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, 54
- British arms sales to South Africa, 53
- Indian Ocean, 50, 58, 59, 61, 70
- Jordan, 265, 273
- Moscow summit agenda items for, 70
- Persian Gulf, 100
- U.S. Mediterranean policy, 22
- South Africa:
- Arms embargo against, 53
- British arms sales to, 41, 45, 53, 57
- British base agreement, 41
- Indian Ocean role of, 42, 50
- U.S. aircraft sales to, 318
- U.S. military cooperation with, 46
- U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
- South Arabia, Federation of (see also
Yemen, People’s Democratic Republic of), 140
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 46,
50, 161
- South Yemen, People’s Republic of. See
Yemen, People’s Democratic Republic of.
- Soviet Union (see also
Soviet
and
Soviet Union
subentries under other subjects):
- Algeria, relations with, 20
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Bahrain, relations with, 36, 81
- Kuwait, relations with, 36
- Libya, relations with, 20
- Mediterranean military presence, 11
- Middle East covert activity of, 31
- Morocco, relations with, 20
- Naval policy, 47, 50, 51
- Oman, relations with, 36
- Qatar, relations with, 36
- Strategic force increase, 58
- Tunisia, relations with, 20
-
UAE, relations with, 116, 125, 158
- U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
- Yemen Arab Republic, relations with, 187
- Yemen People’s Democratic Republic, relations with, 172
-
Sowayel, Ibrahim Abd Allah al-, 131, 132, 151, 161, 164, 191
- Spain, 262
- Alliance with Portugal and Morocco, proposed, 25
- Military capabilities of, 26
- Saudi arms purchases from, 165
- United States, relations with, 24
- U.S. base agreement with, 318
- Spain, James W., 8
- Special National Intelligence Estimates:
-
34–70 “Iran’s International Position,” 96
-
36.7–71 “South Yemen,” 182
-
Spiers, Ronald I., 13, 37, 58,
61, 139
- Springsteen, George, 323
- Sri Lanka:
- Indian Ocean, 36
- Indo-Pakistani War (1971), 65
- Peace zone resolution of, 48, 55, 59, 60, 61, 62, 67, 68, 69
- People’s Republic of China policy toward, 58
- Rebellion in, 32
-
Rogers’s visit to, 117
- Soviet policy toward, 58
- U.S. basing arrangements with, 43
- U.S. opening of Diego Garcia facility, 52
-
Stackhouse, Heywood, 124, 306
- Stalin, Joseph, 20
- Standard Oil of California, 169
- Standard Oil of New Jersey, 169
- Stans, Maurice H., 150
-
Stein, Robert A., 8, 188, 190,
192
-
Stennis, John, 303
- Stewart, Michael, 21, 38
-
Stoddart, Jonathan D., 71
-
Stoessel, Walter J., Jr., 71
-
Stoltzfus, William A.:
- As ambassador to Gulf states, 113
- Kuwaiti aircraft purchases, 123, 124, 126
- Saudi support of Yemen PDR rebels, 179
- Saudi-UAR relations, 191
- U.S. military aid and sales to Israel, 129
- Straits of Tiran, 127, 133
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), 58, 68
- Strauss, Lewis, 4
-
Strausz-Hupe, Robert, 56, 59
- Sudan, 31, 130, 151, 193, 280
- Suez Canal:
- Attacks on Israel across, possible, 247,
265, 301
- Closure of, 94
- Freedom of navigation through, 127
- Implications for, 30
- Reopening of:
- Prospects for, 13
- Saudi position, 151
- Soviet navy as affected by, 46,
50
-
UAR position, 155
- Sukarno, 16
-
Sultan ibn Abd al-Aziz al Saud,
Prince:
- Abu Dhabi-Saudi territorial dispute, 159, 191
- Aircraft purchases, 137, 149, 152
- Kuwaiti arms purchases, 126
- National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 156, 162, 165
- Naval force development, 136, 142, 144, 157
- Oman, 117
- Saudi military planning against Yemen People’s Democratic
Republic, 147
- Throckmorton visit to Saudi Arabia, 130
- U.S. evaluation of Saudi defense planning, 144
- Visits:
- Yemen Arab Republic, 191, 195, 197
- Yemen PDR, 182, 183, 188
- Supersonic Transport (SST), 58
- Surge capabilities, 69
- Sutherland, Peter A., 208
- Suweidi, Ahmad, 79
- Swinkel, Rudolph, 241
- Switzerland:
- Bern meeting on PFLP
counterproposal, 222, 224
- Common front against hijackers, efforts toward, 213, 216, 233, 267
- Palestinian prisoners in, 202, 203
- Symington, Stuart, 39
- Symmmes, Harrison M., 246
- Syria (see also
Syria
and
Syrian
subheading under other subjects):
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Cairo Agreement, Sept. 27, 1970, 332
- Islamic summit, 10
- Israeli military intervention in:
- Air strikes, 299
- Jordanian position, 311, 315
-
Sisco-Rabin conversations on, 301, 302,
304, 306, 307, 308
- U.S. position, 302
- U.S. response to Israeli questions on, 311, 312, 313
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 16
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 181
- Soviet influence in, 2, 22
- Tapline transit fee increases, 148
- United Kingdom, relations with, 110
- U.S. plan to overthrow Government of, 127
- Tanzania, 57
- Tariq bin-Timur al-Said, 87
- Tasca, Henry J., 26
-
TASS, 264, 304
- Texaco, 169
-
Thacher, Nicholas G., 131
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 97
- Persian Gulf, 88
- Saudi Arabia:
- Aircraft purchases, 152
- Military manpower deficit, 159
- National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 156, 162,
165, 167
- Naval force development in, 145,
157
-
Nixon’s oral message
to King Faisal, 143
- United Arab Emirates (UAE), 104
- Yemen Arab Republic, 195, 197
- Yemen PDR, 171, 188, 194
- Thant, U, 223
-
Thomson, John, 45, 50, 51,
72
- Thornton, Thomas P., 22, 58, 61, 93
- Thowaini, Maj. Gen. Abdul-Latif al-, 108
-
Throckmorton, Gen. John, 43, 130, 222
- Thurmond, Strom, 39
- Tito, Josip Broz, 3
- Tobin, Irwin M., 187
- Tokyo Convention on Offenses and Certain Other Acts Committed on Board
Aircraft, Sept. 1963, 200
- Tomkins, Edward, 72
- Towel Co., 34
- Trans-Arabian Pipeline (Tapline), 94, 133, 142, 148
- Treasury, U.S. Department of, 133
- Trinka, Frank, 268
- Trucial Oman Scouts, 72, 86, 93, 97,
98
- Trucial States. See
Federation of Arab Amirates (FAA); United Arab Emirates (UAE).
- Trucial States Development Council, 97
- Trudeau, Pierre Elliott, 6
- Tunb Islands dispute (see also
Gulf islands dispute):
- British-Iranian agreement in, 107
- British-U.S. talks on, 72, 84, 93
- Iranian occupation, 110, 112, 122
- Iranian position, 86, 98
- Kuwaiti position, 80
- U.S. position, 88, 95, 96
- Tunisia:
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Arab summit on Jordan conflict, Sept. 1970,
280, 312
- Cairo Agreement, Sept. 27, 1970, 332
- Soviet Union, relations with, 20
- United States, relations with, 26, 141
- Tural, Gen. Cemal, 6
- Turkey:
-
CENTO, 8,
33
- Hijackings, 212, 213, 215, 222
- Iraq, relations with, 3
- Jordanian conflict with Palestinians, 254, 264, 267, 274
-
NATO membership for, 6
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 151
- Soviet influence in Middle East, 2
- U.S. alliance with, importance of, 22
- U.S. security interests in, 2, 313
- Turki bin Abdul Aziz, Prince, 142
-
Twinam, Joseph W., 88, 93, 104,
109, 111, 112, 115, 117, 125
- Udapai, 61
- Umm al-Qiwain, 72, 90,
98, 107, 122
-
UNIDO, 28
- United Arab Emirates (UAE) (see also
Federation of Arab Amirates (FAA); individual emirates; United Arab
Emirates
and
UAE
subentries under other subjects):
- Agreement on establishment of, 36, 103
- Iranian position, 104
- Saudi position, 104
- U.S. position, 104
- Arab League membership for, 112
- Assessment of situation in, 36
- BCCI established in, 31
- Breakup of, potential, 122
- British post-withdrawal role in, 93, 117
-
CIA views toward, 122
- Iran, relations with, 36, 122
- Japanese technical aid to, 83
- Oman, relations with, 87
- Qatar, relations with, 117
- Ras al-Khaimah’s delay in joining, 103,
109, 112,
113
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 158, 191
- Seven-state agreement on formation of, 103
- Soviet Union, relations with, 116, 125, 158
-
UN membership for, 112
- U.S. diplomatic recognition of, 102,
113
- U.S. military sales to, 115, 163, 197
- United Arab Republic (UAR) (see also
United Arab Republic
and
UAR
subheadings under other subjects):
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 127
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Bahraini independence, 102
- Communist influence on, 151
- Death of Nasser, 334
- Israeli attacks on, 141, 299
- Israeli settlement with, 2
- Kuwaiti economic aid to, 16, 18
- Kuwaiti Khartoum agreement subsidies to, 94
- Libyan economic aid to, 16
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 153, 159, 160, 161, 189
- Saudi economic aid to, 16, 18
- Saudi Khartoum agreement subsidies to, 94, 140, 148
- Saudi-Yemen PDR border clashes, 176
- Soviet air missions over, 23
- Soviet influence in, 2, 16
- Soviet military aid and sales, 20
- United States, relations with, 106, 151
- Yemen-U.S. relations and, 191
- Yugoslavia, relations with, 3
- United Bank (Pakistan), 34
- United Kingdom (UK) (see also
British
subheading under other subjects):
- Base agreement with South Africa, 41
- Bern meeting on PFLP
counterproposal, 222, 224
-
CENTO’s changing role, 8
- Common front against hijackers, efforts toward, 213, 216, 235, 267
- Indian ocean role of, 45, 50, 51
- Iran, relations with, 99, 101
- Iraq, relations with, 110, 112
- Oman, relations with, 87
- Persian Gulf role of, 93
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 86
- Syria, relations with, 110
- United Nations (UN):
- Indian Ocean as area free of major-power competition, 58, 61, 62, 65, 67
- Iranian claims on Gulf states, 72, 74
- Saudi-Yemen PDR border clashes, 175
- United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 184, 193, 198
- United Nations Security Council (UNSC):
- Hijackings:
- British position, 206
- Resolution in opposition to, 218, 219
- U.S. requests for meetings on, 216
- Jordan:
- Call for Syrian withdrawal, 290,
307
- Cancellation of meeting on, 313
-
Hussein’s request for
meeting on, 282
- Israeli military intervention in, 303
- U.S. reluctance to call for meeting on Syrian
intervention, 274, 275
- U.S. veto of anti-Israel resolutions over, 315
- Lebanese resolutions, 118
- Persian Gulf islands dispute, 110
- Resolution 242, 3,
7, 78, 118, 170
- Resolution 278, 1970, 81
- Resolution of Nov. 22, 1967 in support of
Israel, 16, 266,
272
- Urwick, Alan, 72
- Vaccaro, Albert A., 208
- Vakil, Mehdi, 72
-
Van Hollen, Christopher, 28, 58, 61, 83
- Veliotes, Nicholas, 164
- Venezuela, 96, 164,
168
- Viet Cong, 258
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, 68
- Vietnam War, 15, 21
- Vogt, Lt. Gen. John W.:
- Hijackings, 222
- Israeli military intervention in Syria, 304
- Jordan:
- Israeli military intervention in, 290, 303
- Jordanian army’s move against Palestinians, 254, 260
- Syrian military intervention in, 281
- U.S. military aid to, 326
- U.S. military intervention in, 267
- U.S. strategies for deterring Soviet intervention in, 317
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 312
- Voice of America (VOA), 83
- Volpe, John A., 209
- Vorontsov, Yuri:
- Israeli military intervention in Jordan, 266, 272, 273, 286
- Palestinian conflict with Jordan, 220,
256
- Soviet role in Jordan crisis, 267, 307, 317
- Wahl, Theodore A., 334
- Walker, Charles, 61
-
Walsh, John P.:
- Federation of Arab Amirates, 97
- Plebiscites on union with Iran, 72
- PLFP demonstrations, 27
- U.S. arms sales to Kuwait, 78, 108, 111
- Wampler, Mary, 28
-
Ware, Richard A., 22
- Warner, Richard E., 56
- Washington Special Actions Group:
- Hijackings, 214, 222, 246, 249
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 254, 260, 264, 267, 273, 275, 281, 290, 299, 304, 312, 317, 326
- Water development programs. See
Desalting.
- Water for Peace program, 9
- Watts, William, 72
- Welander, Rear Adm. Robert O., 61
- West Bank, 235
- Western European oil demand, 148
-
Wheeler, Gen. Earle G., 1, 3, 6, 19
- Wheelock, John T., 251
- Wheelus Air Force Base, 13, 22, 313
- White, Alfred D., 321
- Wilford, Michael, 72
- Wilson, Harold, 85
- Winspeare Guicciardi, Vittorio, 81
-
Woods, George, 4, 12
- World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU), 31
-
Wrampelmeier, Brooks, 130, 138, 145, 156, 158, 161, 163, 183
- Kuwaiti arms purchases, 114
- Saudi National Guard reorganization and reequipment, 165
-
Wright, Denis, 72, 84, 85
-
Yamani, Shaikh Ahmad Zaki, 128, 164, 166, 168, 169
- Yemen, Mutawakkilite Kingdom of. See
Yemen Arab Republic.
- Yemen, People’s Democratic Republic of (see also
South Arabia, Federation of; Yemen People’s Democratic Republic
and
Yemen PDR
subentries under other subjects):
- Arab Summit, Dec. 1969, 18
- Attacks on other Arabian Peninsula nations by, 159
- British withdrawal from, 1967, 182
- German Democratic Republic’s economic aid to, 182
- Iraqi military aid and sales to, 182
- Kuwait, relations with, 116
- Leftist coup, June 1969, 172
- National Union Front, 181
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 151, 158, 160, 181
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 133
- Saudi border clashes:
- Saudi military aid and sales to rebels in, 152, 153, 179, 181
- Saudi military planning against, 140,
147
- Saudi opposition to, 36
- Saudi policy toward, 182
- Saudi support for dissidents in, 35
- Soviet influence in, 2
- Soviet military aid and sales to, 118,
137
- Soviet naval bases in, 47
- Soviet Union, relations with, 158, 160, 172
- Special National Intelligence Estimate on, 182
- Syrian aid to, 182
- United States, relations with:
-
AID boxes used in arms
shipments to rebels, 171, 183
- Breaking of, 174
- Resumption of, 194
- U.S. position, 171
- Yemen PDR position, 171
-
YAR unity talks with, 36, 197
- Yemen Arab Republic as threatened by, 193
- Yemen Arab Republic (see also
Yemen Arab Republic
and
YAR
subentries under other subjects):
- Arab summit on Jordan conflict, 280
- British military aid and sales to, 198
- Civil war:
- Saudi position, 127, 133
- Saudi role in ending of, 158
- Saudi support for royalists in, 140, 177
-
UAR-Saudi conflict over,
177
- U.S. position, 177
- France, relations with, 170
- Iran, relations with, 198
- Kuwaiti economic aid to, 190
- Libyan military aid and sales to, 193,
196
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 158, 180
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 117, 179, 180
- Saudi economic and military aid and sales to, 99, 148, 185, 192, 195
- Soviet-PRC conflict in, 117
- Soviet economic aid to, 180
- Soviet influence in, 2
- Soviet Union, relations with, 187, 196
-
UAR military aid and sales to, 196
-
UAR military intervention and
withdrawal from, 118, 161
-
UAR-Saudi dispute over, resolution
of, 7
- United States, relations with, 149, 158
- Release of AID workers,
192
- Resumption of, 184, 185, 191,
198
-
Rogers-Barakat
meeting, 173
-
Rogers’s visit, July
1972, 118, 193
- U.S. special-interest section established, 178, 180
- U.S. economic aid to, 118, 152, 177, 184, 190, 191, 198
- U.S. military aid and sales to, 197
- U.S. policy toward, 184
- Yemen PDR, relations with:
-
NUF cross-border activities,
187
- Saudi military aid and sales to YAR, 195
- As security threat, 182, 193
- Sheikh’s assassination by YAR tribes, 188
- Threat of war, 196
- Unity talks, 36, 197
- U.S.–YAR relations as
issue in, 194
- Yost, Charles W., 3, 313, 325
- Yugoslavia, 3
-
Zahedi, Ardeshir:
- British-Iranian relations, 101
-
CENTO officials’ meetings with
Nixon, 21
- Kuwaiti-Iranian relations, 80
- Persian Gulf islands dispute, 84
- Saudi-Iranian relations, 88
- United Arab Emirates (UAE), 104
- Zais, Lt. Gen. Melvin, 214, 222, 254, 264
- Zayid bin Sultan al-Nuhayan, Shaikh of Abu Dhabi:
- Assassination of Sharjah ruler, 113
- Bahraini membership in FAA/UAE, 79
- As BCCI shareholder, 34
- Buraimi dispute, 72
- Conflicts with other UAE rulers,
122
- Foreign policy failings of, 117
- Iran-UAE relations, 36, 122
- Saudi territorial dispute, 122, 125
- Saudi-UAE relations, 191
- Soviet-UAE relations, 116, 158
- As UAE president, 103, 122
- U.S. arms sales to UAE, 115, 197
- Ziegler, Ron, 214
- Hijackings, 222, 256, 257
- Israeli military intervention in Jordan, 299, 303
- Jordan’s conflict with Palestinians, 254, 264, 267
- Syrian military intervention in Jordan, 281
- Zionism, 127, 147,
149, 151, 159, 170
-
Zumwalt, Adm.
Elmo R., 56
- Zurhellen, J. Owen, Jr., 254, 278