Index
References are to document numbers
-
- Aaron, David:
- Academic exchange programs, 160
- Arms control/disarmament, 147, 149
- Gronouski’s appointment as BIB Chairman, 11
- Humphrey Scholarships, 145
- ICA budget proposals, 112
- ICA’s performance as assessed from NSC perspective, 161
- Interagency Committee on Public Diplomacy and Disarmament, 153
- International exchange of persons, 7
- Islamic Revival, 170
- Olympic Games (Moscow, 1980), 205
- Soviet jamming of VOA broadcasts, 210
- Successor generation proposal, 130
- U.S.–PRC Cultural Agreement, 166
- USIA–CU meeting, 75
- USIA reorganization, 65, 66, 69, 70, 85
- Vienna Summit (June 1979), 171
- VOA correspondents’ guidelines, 133
- VOA reorganization, 85
- VOA’s foreign language broadcast increases, 179
- White House-ICA relationship, 142, 143
- Abel, Elie, 158
- Abshire, David M., 11, 14, 18, 22, 24, 32
- Academic exchanges, 7, 27, 159, 160, 175
- Academy for Educational Development, 203
- Academy of Sciences, 60
- ACTION, 130
- Adler, Kenneth, 1
- Advanced Research Projects Agency, 96
- Advisory Committee on the Arts, 93
- Advisory Committee on Voluntary Foreign Aid, 187
- Afghanistan:
- Africa:
- Academic exchange programs, 159
- Arms control/disarmament, 149
- Audiences for public diplomacy in, 42
- Audiences for USIA products in, 115
- Human rights in, 215
- Muhammed Ali’s visit’s with leaders in, 201, 202
- Public opinion on U.S. involvement in, 96, 101
- Soviets as mistrusted in, 132
- Superpower code of conduct, 132
- Telephones in, 158
- USIA’s promotion of human rights in, 67
- African-American Institute, 7
- Agency for International Development (AID):
- “Books and Broadcasting for Children” (symposium), 209
- Educational and cultural exchange, 203
- Funding for NGOs in Central America and the Caribbean, 187, 190, 198
- Human rights action proposals, 87
- Human rights emphasis by, 27
- IMV services as used by, 39
- International exchange of persons, 7
- State Department’s relationship with, 64
- U.S./Egyptian Joint Working Group, 175
- USIA’s relationship with, 30
- Agency for International Understanding (proposed), 100
- Agenda setters, 150
- Agreements, international:
- American Convention on Human Rights (June 1977), 67
- Basic Declaration of Principles of Relations Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1972), 132
- Camp David Agreements (1978), 151, 155, 215
- General Agreement on Contacts, Exchanges and Cooperation (1973), 60
- International Genocide Convention, 205
- International Telecommunications Convention, 212
- Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) (1968), 149
- Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security (U.S.-Japan), 182
- Treaty of Tlatelolco (1967), 146, 149
- U.S.-People’s Republic of China Cultural Agreement, 166
- Agriculture-USA exhibit (Soviet Union, 1978), 125, 184
- Ahora, 176
- Ailey, Alvin, 178, 186, 207, 208
- Aircraft, 8, 12, 125, 149, 201
- Al Ahram, 35
- Albania, 63
- Alert services, 67, 87, 178
- Alger, Chadwick, 213
- Algeria, 194
- Ali, Muhammed, 201, 202
- Alliance for Progress, 7
- Almond, Gabriel A., 182
- America Illustrated, 82, 113, 162
- American Association of State Colleges and Universities, 124
- American Association of the International Commission of Jurists, 27
- American Bar Association (ABA), 27
- American Broadcasting Company (ABC), 209
- American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 27, 67
- The American Commonwealth (Bryce), 182
- American Conservatory Theater, 60
- American Constitution Bicentennial Foundation, 92
- American Convention on Human Rights, 67
- American Council of Collegiate Schools of Business, 213
- American Council of Learned Societies, 60
- American Council of Young Political Leaders, 7, 60, 159
- American Council on Education, 85
- American culture, 117
- American Federation of Arts, 136
- American Field Service (AFS), 7
- American Film Theater, 39
- American Historical Association, 92
- American Learning Experience, 203, 209, 215
- American Library Association (ALA), 209
- American Newspaper Publishers Association, 63
- American Participants (Amparts), 176, 178
- American Political Science Association, 92
- American Revolution, 92, 125
- American Revolution Bicentennial Administration (ARBA), 92
- The American Revolution: Selections from Secondary School History Books of Other Nations (GPO), 92
- American Seminar, 60
- American Society of New Editors (ASNE), 205
- American Studies Council, 60
- Americana, 30
- Americanists, 92
- Amerson, Robert, 9
- Amharic (language), 171, 215
- AMIDEAST, 175
- Amnesty International, 67
- Anderson, Mary Jane, 209
- Angola, 101
- Anti-Americanism, 193, 194, 195, 197, 200
- Anti-satellite systems, 138
- Antigua, 207
- Antunes, Juliet C., 1
- Apartheid, 215
- Apollo moon missions, 113
- The Apprenticeship of Dudley Kravitz (film), 41
- The Apprenticeship of Dudley Kravitz (Richler), 41
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 15, 96
- Arabic (language), 215
- Arbatov, Georgi, 23, 26
- Area Directors, 68
- Areopagitica (Milton), 57
- Argentina:
- Armacost, Michael H., 61
- Armenian (language), 210, 212
- Arms control (see also Disarmament):
- Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA), 64, 149
- Arms sales, 101, 146
- Arms transfers, conventional (CAT), 138, 147, 149
- Aron, Raymond, 12
- Art exhibits, 176, 177
- Arthur D. Little, Inc., 96
- Article Alert Service, 178
- Arts America (magazine), 174, 176, 177, 178
- Arts America program:
- Arts festivals, 136
- Arts policy, 136
- Ascher, William, 102
- Ashbery, John, 215
- Ashmore, Harry, 1
- Asia, 158
- Aspen Institute, 142, 209
- al-Assad, Hafiz, 82
- Associate Directorate for Broadcasting, 125
- Associate Directorate for Educational And Cultural Affairs, 125
- Associate Directorate for Management, 125
- Associate Directorate for Programs, 125
- Associated Press (AP), 158
- Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC), 209
- Association of American Universities, 31
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 83, 215
- Atherton, Alfred L., Jr., 15
- Atkinson, Richard, 152
- Atlanta Council for International Visitors, 7
- ATS–6 satellites, 39, 63, 72
- Attentive public, 182
- Audiences:
- Australia, 92, 146, 149, 209
- Austria, 149, 204
- Austrian, Sheila, 1
- Ayacucho Declaration (Dec. 1974), 138, 146, 147, 149
- Ayacucho Program, 123, 138
- Azeri (language), 165, 171, 179, 215
- Aaron, David:
-
- B–1 bombers, 8, 149
- Backfire bombers, 12
- Bahamas, 215
- Baker, Howard H., Jr., 32, 49, 51
- Bakhchiev, Georgi, 113
- Bandler, Donald K., 201
- Bangladesh, 165, 209
- Baptists, 113, 184
- Barbados, 196, 215
- Barbera, Joseph, 209
- Barendsen, Robert D., 92
- Barker, Karlyn, 7
- Barnes, Martha, 209
- Bartholomew, Reginald, 134
- Bartoskek, Alojusz, 6
- Basic Declaration of Principles of Relations Between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (1972), 132
- Bastian, Walter M., Jr., 3, 9, 13, 15, 17, 54
- Batashev, Alexei, 113
- Battle reenactments, 92
- Bay of Pigs, 96
- Bayh, Birch, 69, 92
- Beams, George E., 1
- Beard, Jon, 1
- Beebe, George, 63
- Beecham, Charles R., 73
- Begin, Menachem, 151
- Belgium, 205, 215
- Bellow, Saul, 41, 67
- Bengali (language), 165, 189, 215
- Bennet, Douglas J., 58
- Bennett, W. Tapley, Jr., 111
- Benson, Lucy W., 7, 33, 40
- Berger, Samuel R., 211
- Berlin, 72
- Bernstein, Leonard, 39, 178
- Berrington, Robin A., 1
- Between Two Ages: America’s Role in the Technetronic Era (Brzezinski), 161
- Beuve-Méry, Hubert, 158
- Bicentennial Book Award, 92
- Bicentennial Council of the Thirteen Original States, 92
- Bicentennial of the U.S. Constitution, 46, 92
- Bicentennial of U.S. Revolution, 39, 92, 178
- Biddle, Lew, 136
- Biden, Joseph R., Jr., 32, 49, 51
- Biderman, Albert D., 182
- Biester, Edward G., Jr., 18
- Bilateral aid, 101
- Bill of Rights, 57, 63, 87, 92
- Bill of Rights bicentennial, 46
- Binational Commissions, 116
- Binder, David, 1, 12, 32, 138
- Blackburn, Paul P., 1, 138
- Blackwell, Asenath, 4
- Blume, Wilbur T., 1, 209
- Blumenthal, W. Michael, 2, 67, 166
- Board for International Broadcasting Act (1973), 11
- Board of Foreign Scholarships (BFS), 85, 93, 181
- Board for International Broadcasting (BIB) (see also International broadcasting):
- Boeing 707s, 201
- Boelte, Emil, 12
- Bolivia, 138
- Bookmobiles, 209
- “Books and Broadcasting for Children” (symposium), 209
- Bookstores, 26, 31, 34
- Boorstin, Daniel, 209
- Boosalis, Helen, 7
- Borsenblatt, 209
- Boston Book Council, 209
- Boston Public Library, 209
- Boston University, 92
- Botswana, 67, 215
- Bradley, Bill, 202
- Bradshaw, James, 6
- Brady, Leslie, 181
- Brann, Eva T., 76, 124
- Bray, Charles W., III:
- Arms control/disarmament, 149
- Arts America programs for 1980, 174, 176
- Audiences for USIA products, 106, 115
- “Books and Broadcasting for Children” (symposium), 209
- Carter’s speech on U.S.-Soviet relations, 132
- Cuban refugees, 207, 208
- Disarmament, 139
- Human Rights Action Plan, 67
- Human rights programming in the Southern Cone, 102
- Humphrey Scholarships, 128, 129
- ICA’s performance as assessed from NSC perspective, 161
- International arts policy, 136
- Lack of vitality in European cultures, 97
- Leadership of, 72
- Middle East Working Group, 74
- North-South issues as seen in LDCs, 101
- NSC/USIA meetings, 52
- Olympic Games (Moscow, 1980), 205
- Operating guidelines for USIA, 68
- Rosalynn Carter’s trip to Latin America (May–June 1977), 53
- Speech before Mid-America and the World Conference (Oct. 1980), 213
- State Department-USIA relations, 54
- Themes for public diplomacy effort on disarmament, 137
- U.S. policy in East Asia, 79
- USIA human rights action proposals, 87
- USIA/Policy Planning Staff relations, 110
- USIA reorganization, 85
- As USIA representative on Human Rights Coordinating Group, 67
- USIA role in Constitution Bicentennial, 92
- As USIA’s Deputy Director, 30
- USIS actions around European political fluidity, 78
- Visit to Europe, Africa, and Middle East, 107
- VOA’s coverage of stories on Iran and Afghanistan, 199
- Brazil:
- Academic exchange programs, 159
- Arms control/disarmament, 146, 149
- Audiences for USIS centers and libraries, 115
- “Books and Broadcasting for Children” (symposium), 209
- As focus nation for ICA research, 183
- FRG’s nuclear sales to, 12
- International exchange of persons, 7
- Optimism vs. pessimism about 1980 in, 204
- U.S. cultural exchange in, 215
- Use of satellites by, 63
- USIA’s promotion of human rights in, 67
- Breakfast Show (VOA show), 113
- Brement, Marshall, 180
- Bremer, Paul, 196
- Brescia, Peter F., 1
- Brewster, Kingman, 111
- Brezhnev, Leonid I., 26, 31, 171
- British Broadcasting Company (BBC), 32, 63, 164, 210, 212
- Broadcast Advisory Committee, 46
- Broadcasting, 209
- Broadus, Jerome R., 1
- Brooks, Jack B., 100, 114, 116
- Brown, Carroll, 6
- Brown, Frederick Z., 63
- Brown, Harold, 134, 149, 153, 168
- Bryce, James, 182
- Brzezinski, Zbigniew:
- Academic exchange programs, 159, 160
- Arms control/disarmament, 147, 149
- Board for International Broadcasting, 11, 14, 19, 32, 51, 180
- Carter’s speeches on U.S.-Soviet relations, 82, 132
- Countering anti-American sentiment among Muslims, 194, 195, 197, 200
- Cuban refugees, 206, 207, 208
- Cultural exchange, 26, 31, 34
- Foreign media reaction reports, 12, 103
- Human rights, 12, 13
- Human Rights Week, 107, 108
- Humphrey Scholarships, 98, 119, 123, 127, 128, 129
- ICA, 142, 143, 152, 155, 161, 186
- Interagency Committee on Public Diplomacy and Disarmament, 134, 153
- International broadcasting issues, 18
- International exchange of persons, 7
- Interview for Transition 77 film series with, 3, 9, 20
- Muslims in the Soviet Union, 189, 192, 195
- NGO activities in Central America and the Caribbean, 187, 191, 196, 198
- NSC/USIA meetings, 52, 61
- NSC’s role in international communications and culture, 141
- Olympic Games (Moscow, 1980), 202, 205
- Presidential Commission on Foreign Language and International Studies, 168
- Press conferences of, 35
- PRM (proposed) on information programs, 42
- Problems of Communism, 140, 144
- Public perception of Carter’s foreign policy, 38
- Reports on international broadcasting, 14, 180
- SALT II talks, 12
- Soviet jamming of VOA broadcasts, 212
- Speeches by, 103
- Stanton Report, 22
- Undercapitalization of public diplomacy, 59, 62
- Unofficial visits by leaders of smaller nations, 169
- U.S.–EC-Japan communications on issues, 2
- U.S. foreign policy year-end (1977) assessment, 109
- U.S.–PRC Cultural Agreement, 166
- USAC/IECA appointments, 36
- USIA reorganization:
- USIA support for U.S. diplomatic initiatives, 35
- Vienna Summit (June 1979), 171
- VOA:
- Correspondents’ guidelines, 133
- Coverage of stories on Iran and Afghanistan by, 199
- Disagreements over administration of, 21
- Foreign language broadcast increases by, 165, 171, 179
- Language priorities for, 165
- Persian-language broadcasting by, 163, 164, 165, 188
- Reorganization of, 49, 56, 85
- Soviet jamming of, 212
- Technical expansion of, 171
- Transmitter study, 165
- Buchanan, John Hall, Jr., 72, 84, 116
- Buchmarkt, 209
- Buckminster Fuller (IMV film), 39
- Bulandra Theater, 178
- Bulgaria, 31, 209, 212, 215
- Bunche, Ralph, 67
- Bunraku, 117
- Bureau of Educational And Cultural Affairs (CU):
- Budget for, 76
- Cultural exchange, 66, 136, 203
- Electronic communication, 44
- Human rights action proposals, 27, 87
- Humphrey scholarships, 98
- Integration with USIA of:
- Agreement on, 88
- Carter’s message to Congress on, 93, 94, 99, 120, 121, 125
- Christopher’s testimony before Fascell’s committee, 72
- Comptroller-General’s report with discussion of, 50, 55
- Employee petition for, 1
- Former USIA directors’ support for, 25
- Fulbright’s opposition to, 99
- International Operations Subcommittee recommendations on, 84
- NSC comments on, 91
- OMB preparation of text for, 91
- Outcome of, 215
- Proposed amendment to plan for, 100
- Stanton-Vance message exchange on, 86, 89
- Under CU, 66
- International exchange of persons, 7
- Journalism training programs of, 63
- NSC assessment of effectiveness of, 161
- Program objectives of, 10
- Restructuring of, 46, 75, 85, 213
- Sister cities program, 31
- USIA reorganization, 100
- Bureau of Post-Secondary Education, 92
- Burma, 116
- Burnett, Stanton H., 162, 182
- Burns, James McGregor, 92
- Burr, Aaron, 92
- Burress, Richard T., 76, 124
- Burson, Ray H., 1
- Butler, Landon, 32, 98
- Buttermark, Nancy, 209
- Byrd, Robert C., 49, 51
-
- Caddell, Pat, 38
- Cage, John, 174
- Callaghan, James, 130, 182
- Cambodia, 171, 188
- “Camelot” incident, 96
- Cameras, 113
- Camp David Agreements (1978), 151, 155, 215
- Camp David Summit (Sept. 1978), 151
- Canada:
- Academic exchange programs, 159
- American Revolution as studied in, 92
- Arms control/disarmament, 146
- Educational and cultural exchange meeting, 40, 41
- Human rights, 48
- Limits on import of U.S. cultural products by, 41
- NGO activities in Central America and the Caribbean, 196
- Pessimism about 1980 in, 204
- Cannon, Mark, 92
- Cantril, Hadley, 5, 96
- Capra, Frank, 39
- Caribbean:
- Carmody, John, 67
- Carter, Alan:
- Arms control/disarmament, 138
- Audiences for USIA products, 115
- Department of State policy guidance for VOA, 104
- Disarmament, 139
- NSC/USIA relationship, 73
- Operating guidelines for USIA, 95
- Themes for public diplomacy effort on disarmament, 137
- USIA employees’ petition, 1
- USIA/Policy Planning Staff relations, 110
- Carter, Darrell, 116
- Carter, James Earl:
- Academic exchange programs, 159, 160
- B–1 bombers’ cancellation by, 149
- BIB appointments, 14, 19
- Countering anti-American sentiment among Muslims, 197
- Cuban-U.S. relations, 12
- Cultural exchange, 41, 76
- Debates with Ford, 39
- Draft legislation on nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear exports, 33, 40
- Focus on Europe vs. FRG, 12
- Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY 1978, 69
- Friendship Force program, 7, 31, 124
- Human rights, 12, 17, 46, 48, 107
- Humphrey Scholarships, 98, 119, 123, 127, 128, 145
- International Communication Agency:
- International exchange of persons, 7
- International Operations Subcommittee recommendations on USIA reorganization, 84
- Iranian oil embargo, 188
- Meetings:
- Merging of BIB and RFE/RL boards, 180
- Messages:
- Moyers’ pre-inauguration interview of, 35
- Neutron bomb, 113
- NGO activities in Central America and the Caribbean, 187, 191, 196, 198
- Nomination of Bray as Assistant USIA Director, 30
- Olympic Games (Moscow, 1980), 201, 202
- Panama Canal Treaty negotiations, 12, 93
- Press conferences, 35, 195
- Public perception of foreign policy of, 38
- Request for funding for additional broadcast transmitters, 63
- SALT II talks, 12
- SALT II Treaty, 171, 182
- Sister cities program, 26
- Soviet jamming of VOA broadcasts, 210
- Soviet Union as seen by, 113
- Soviet-U.S. relations, 82
- Speeches:
- Agriculture Department (Feb. 1977), 12
- ASNE (Apr. 10, 1980), 205
- Before Venezuelan Congress (Mar. 1978), 123, 158
- Debates with Ford, 39
- Fireside chat (Feb. 2, 1977), 9, 33
- Foreign Policy Association (June 23, 1976), 38
- Inaugural Address (Jan. 20, 1977), 76
- Joint session of Congress (Apr. 20, 1977), 33, 40
- Notre Dame (May 1977), 57, 67, 124, 125, 150
- OAS (Apr. 14, 1977), 38, 39, 53, 63, 76
- Southern Legislative Conference (Charleston, July 1977), 82, 109
- Statement as President-elect of, 3, 9
- Statement on nuclear power policy (Apr. 7, 1977), 40
- UN General Assembly (Mar. 1977), 21, 26, 38, 67
- UN General Assembly (Oct. 1977), 107
- U.S.-Soviet relations (July 21, 1977), 82, 109
- U.S.-Soviet relations (June 7, 1978), 132
- USIA/CU reorganization, 90, 93, 185
- Stanton Report, 22, 56
- Successor generation proposal, 130
- Unofficial visits by leaders of smaller nations, 169
- U.S.–EC-Japan communications on issues, 2
- U.S.–PRC Cultural Agreement, 166
- USAC/IECA appointments, 36
- USIA reorganization:
- Visits:
- VOA expansion of broadcast facilities, 215
- Carter, Rosalynn, 7, 52, 53, 76, 188
- Carter, William Hodding, II, 54, 58, 86, 88, 104, 105
- Case, Clifford P., Jr., 51
- Castro, Fidel, 96, 211
- Cattell, Robert, 1
- Center for Strategic and International Studies, 18, 22
- Center for Technical and Cultural Exchange between East and West, Inc., 93
- Center for World Peace through Law, 27
- Central America:
- Central Asia, 171
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 30, 134, 137, 155, 168
- Central Kachi Manchar Mela, 209
- Century 3 series (IMV film series), 39
- Chaplin, Max, 102
- Chapman, Christian, 43, 119
- “Charlie’s Angels,” 174
- Charter 77, 63
- Chatten, Robert L., 53, 102, 138
- Chemical weapons, 138
- Chernoff, Howard, 44
- Chicago Tribune, 209
- Children’s Book Council of New York, 209
- Children’s programming, 209
- Children’s Television Channel, 209
- Children’s Television Workshop (CTW), 17, 209
- Chile, 12, 96, 102, 113, 138, 204
- China, People’s Republic of:
- Academic exchange programs, 159, 175
- Activities funded by ICA in, 152, 175
- American Revolution as studied in, 92
- Arms control/disarmament, 149
- As focus nation for ICA research, 183
- As international broadcaster, 63, 165
- International exchange of persons, 7
- Jamming of VOA broadcasts by, 80
- Soviet Union, relations with, 101
- United States, relations with, 113, 184
- U.S. Cultural Agreement with, 166
- USIA activities in, 35
- VOA’s Chinese-language broadcasting to, 179, 213, 215
- China, Republic of (Taiwan), 63, 215
- Chinese (language), 179, 213, 215
- Chizhik, Vladimir, 113
- Chollar, Robert, 213
- Chou Pei-Yuan, 152
- Christian, Winslow, 102
- The Christian Science Monitor, 209
- Christopher, Warren M.:
- Academic exchange programs, 159
- Camp David Agreements (Sept., 1978), 151
- Department of State-ICA relations, 118
- Department of State policy guidance for USIA, 105
- Department of State policy guidance for VOA, 104
- Department of State-USIA relations, 118
- Human rights, 27, 67, 102
- Interagency Committee on Public Diplomacy and Disarmament, 134
- International exchange of persons, 7
- Olympic Games (Moscow, 1980), 201
- Policy guidelines for ICA media, 126
- Soviet jamming of VOA broadcasts, 210
- USIA/Policy Planning Staff relations, 110
- USIA reorganization, 55
- VOA correspondents’ guidelines, 133
- VOA policy commentaries, 157
- Church, Frank F., III, 51
- Civil and political liberties, 102
- Clark, Richard C., 51, 69
- Cleveland, Harland, 129
- Clusen, Ruth, 92
- Coalition for a New Foreign and Military Policy, 8
- Code of conduct for superpowers, 132
- Cohen, Richard L.:
- Colombia, 138, 196, 198
- Colton, David, 9
- Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS), 209
- “Columbus and the World” project, 213
- Commentaries, 148, 157
- Commerce, U.S. Department of, 1, 39, 141, 203
- Commercial carriers, 44
- Committee on Disarmament, 149
- Committee on Public Information, 181
- Committee on Scholarly Communication (CSC), 175
- Committee on the Caribbean, 191
- Commodity prices, 10
- Common Cause, 27
- Common Market, 182
- Communications:
- Communications Act (1934), 44
- Communism, 102
- COMNET, 158
- Comparative values, 27
- Competition, 184
- Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty, 138, 149
- Computers, 44
- Conant, James Bryant, 63
- Concorde (aircraft), 125
- Conference of Ministerial-level Government Representatives and Head of News Agencies of the Non-Aligned Countries (New Delhi, July 1976), 63
- Conference on Central America (New Orleans, Feb. 1980), 191
- Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE):
- Conference on the Caribbean (Miami, Nov. 1979), 187, 191
- Conglomerates, 120
- Congress, Acts of:
- Board for International Broadcasting Act (1973), 11
- Communications Act (1934), 44
- Export Administration Act (1969), 33
- Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY 1977, 14, 47
- Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY 1978, 69, 93
- Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY 1979, 181
- Fulbright-Hays Act (1961), 7, 26, 31, 85
- International Development and Food Assistance Act (1975), 96
- International Development Cooperation Act (1979), 158
- Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchanges Act (1961), 7, 41, 93, 124
- P.L. 80–402, 1
- P.L. 87–256, 7, 41, 124
- P.L. 89–491, 92
- P.L. 93–129, 11
- P.L. 93–179, 92
- P.L. 94–350, 14, 47
- P.L. 95–105, 93
- P.L. 98–101, 92
- P.L. 416, 44
- Smith-Mundt Act (1948), 1, 30, 68
- U.S. Information and Educational Exchange Act (1948), 1, 93, 181
- Congress, U.S.:
- Approval for U.S. distribution of USIA Kennedy film by, 37
- Arts America programs for 1980, 177, 178
- Draft legislation on nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear exports, 33, 40
- Jamming of VOA broadcasts, 80
- Presentation of U.S. foreign policy to American people, 211
- Report on international broadcasting, 14, 24
- Savings through electronic communications, 44
- USIA/CU reorganization proposal message from Carter, 93, 94, 99, 120, 121, 125
- Conover, Willis, 63, 113
- Constitution, U.S., 46, 57, 92
- Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), 158
- Conventional arms transfers (CAT), 138, 147, 149
- Cook, Frances, 1
- Cook, Robin, 1
- Cooney, Joan Ganz, 209
- Coonrod, Robert, 1
- Cooper, Roger B., 1
- Cooperation, 109, 158
- Coordinator for Information, 181
- Core management, 120
- Cornell University, 129
- Cossacks, 184
- Costa Rica, 191, 196
- Costanza, 38
- Council of the Americas, 191
- The Country Across the Ocean (Peskov), 113
- Country music, 113, 174
- Country Plans, 95, 150, 174, 185, 209
- Courtney, Charles E., 1
- Cox, A. M., 8
- Crawford, Elisabeth T., 182
- Creager, Donald, 1
- Creel Committee, 181
- Crespi, Leo P., 5, 97, 204
- Crime, 113
- Crimean Tatars, 184
- Critchlow, James, 32
- Cross-cultural contact, 203
- Cruise missiles, 12
- Cuba:
- Cultural affairs, 141
- Cultural exchange:
- In the Americas, 43, 215
- Of children’s programming, 209
- Effectiveness of programs for, 203
- In Europe, 66
- As foreign policy tool, 124
- As function of public diplomacy, 64, 72
- Guiding philosophy for, 57
- ICA as coordinator of U.S. policy on, 175
- Increase in, 25
- International arts policy, 136
- With Japan, 215
- Leaders who had participated in programs of, 155
- Maintenance of quality in, 181
- Marks’ views on, 25, 26, 31, 34, 41
- NSC’s perspective on performance of, 161
- OMB perspectives on, 85, 124
- Private, 34
- Report on, 76
- Solicitation of views on initiatives for, 43
- Soviet investment in, 59, 155
- Theater, 60, 117
- Undercapitalization of, 59, 62
- U.S.-Canada meeting on, 41
- U.S. Country Plan for Soviet Union, 60
- U.S. Embassy Mexico City views, 44
- USIA/CU cooperation on, 203
- USIA views on, 34
- Cultural imperialism, 63
- Cultural Presentations Program, 60
- Cultural Specialists, 178
- Curran, Robert T., 114, 151, 170
- Curry, Dean, 1
- Curtis High School, 213
- Curtiss, Richard H., 1, 156
- Cutler, Lloyd N., 201
- Czechoslovakia, 8, 31, 63, 210, 212
-
- Dag Hammarskjold Foundation, 63
- Daily News (Longview, Washington), 209
- Daily Telegraph (London), 12
- Dalsimer, 16
- Dari (language), 215
- Davis, Angela, 17
- De Onis, Juan, 102
- De-Viney, John H., 1
- Debt relief, 101
- Declaration on Relations with Developing Countries (June 1977), 67
- Defense, U.S. Department of:
- Degnan, Judith B., 1
- Democratic National Convention (July, 1976), 9
- Demographic studies, 45
- Deng Xiaoping, 166, 215
- Der Spiegel, 9
- Derian, Patricia M., 27, 67, 102
- Dershowitz, Alan M., 67
- Détente, 8, 12, 67, 113, 132, 205
- “Détente and Soviet Dissidents” (Fireside), 67
- Deutsche Welle, 32, 113, 210, 212
- Development, 138, 158
- Dialogue, 1
- Dialogue, 30, 67, 87, 115
- Didion, Joan, 215
- Die Welt, 12
- Die Zeit (Hamburg), 12
- Diggs, Charles C., Jr., 84
- Dinges, John, 102
- Direct Broadcasting by Satellite (DBS), 44
- Disarmament (see also Arms control):
- Dissent, 87
- Diversity, 158
- Divine, Robert A., 96
- Dizard, Wilson P., 73
- Documentaries, 39, 67, 92, 178
- Dodson, Christine:
- Gronouski’s appointment as BIB Chairman, 32
- Humphrey Scholarships, 98, 128
- ICA, Report on first six months of, 155
- Interagency Committee on Public Diplomacy and Disarmament, 134
- NGO activities in Central America and the Caribbean, 187
- USIA reorganization, 85, 100
- VOA correspondents’ guidelines, 133
- VOA’s foreign language broadcast increases, 179
- Dominica, 196
- Dominican Republic, 96, 196
- Donovan, John, 209
- Doráti, Antal, 57
- Downbeat (magazine), 113
- Dreyfuss, Richard, 41
- Duffey, Joseph D.:
- Dulles, John Foster, 96
- Dunne, John Gregory, 215
- Durham, Deborah, 209
- Dussault, Phillip, 119
-
- East Asia, 61, 67, 79, 81, 83
- East-West Center Cultural Learning Institute, 87, 100
- Eastern Europe:
- Eban, Abba, 15
- Economic and social justice, 102
- Economic assistance, 101, 211
- Economic Impact, 67, 115
- Economic Portfolio, 67, 115
- The Economist, 12
- Ecuador, 138
- Eder, Richard, 63
- Edmondson, Mary Lou, 1
- Education, 113, 168, 213
- Education, U.S. Department of, 130
- Educational exchanges:
- Effectiveness of programs for, 203
- As foreign policy tool, 124
- Fulbright-Hayes Program, 31, 125, 155, 181, 185, 213
- ICA as coordinator of U.S. policy on, 175
- with the Islamic world, 200
- Maintenance of quality in, 181, 215
- NSC’s perspective on performance of, 161
- Technology transfer through, 125
- U.S.-Canada meeting on, 40
- U.S. Embassy Mexico City views, 44
- Use of counterpart funds for, 116
- Edwards, Anne, 9
- Edwards, Don, 92
- Edwards, Mel, 215
- Egypt:
- American Revolution as studied in, 92
- Arms control/disarmament, 146, 149
- Countering anti-American sentiment among Muslims in, 194
- Educational exchanges, 116
- As focus nation for ICA research, 183
- Human rights, 107
- As international broadcaster, 63, 165
- Suez crisis (1956), 182
- U.S./Egyptian Joint Working Group, 175
- USIA activities in, 35, 39
- Eighty-second Airborne Division, 205
- Einaudi, Luigi R., 43, 53
- Einstein, Albert, 57
- Eisele, Albert, 9
- Eisenhower, Dwight D., 96, 124, 128, 182
- Eizenstat, Stuart E., 38, 92, 100, 128
- Ekonzo, Elebe Ma, 158
- El Salvador, 191
- The Electric Company, 209
- Electronic technology, 44
- Elon, Amos, 15
- Energy, 101, 211
- English (language), 215
- English teaching, 46
- English Teaching Forum, 185
- Enhanced Radiation Weapons (ERW), 143, 146, 149
- Erb, Guy, 98, 119
- Espinoza, J. Manuel, 28
- Estonian (language), 212
- Ethiopia, 90, 149, 215
- Eubank, Margaret, 1
- Euratom, 149
- Eurocommunism, 12
- Europe, 12, 66, 67, 78, 97, 182
- European Common Market, 182
- European Community (EC), 2, 12, 67
- European Defense Force, 182
- Evans, Daniel J., 7
- Evans, Rowland, Jr., 12
- Evening Reports, 56, 69, 72, 90, 163
- Ewalt, Larry, 20
- Executive Order 12048, 121, 124, 183
- Exercise Reforger, 205
- Experiment in International Living, 7
- Export Administration Act (1969), 33
- Exports, 213
- EXXON Corporation, 209
- EXXON Education Foundation, 213
-
- Facsimiles (faxes), 44
- Fairness, 109
- Fallows, James M., 38
- Famine relief, 188
- Farmers and World Affairs, 7
- Fascell, Dante B.:
- Academic exchange programs, 159
- BIB as supported by, 18
- Educational exchanges, 116
- Hearings on USIA reorganization, 72
- ICA’s relationship with other agencies, 181
- International Operations Subcommittee recommendations on USIA reorganization, 84
- As interviewed by VOA, 67
- Merging of BIB and RFE/RL boards, 32, 49, 51
- NGO activities in Central America and the Caribbean, 187
- Public diplomacy as seen by, 58
- VOA reorganization, 56
- Fasick, J. Kenneth, 181
- Federal Aviation Agency (FAA), 39
- Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 44, 141, 209
- Federalist Papers, 57
- Ferguson, 180
- Ferré, Maurice, 191
- Figaro, 12
- Films, 3, 6, 9, 20
- Financial Times, 2
- Finch Hoyt, Mary M., 53
- Finney, Dean H., 1
- Fireside, Harvey, 67
- Fischman, Joel A., 1
- Fitz, Richard B., 1
- Fletcher, Louise, 6
- “The Flintstones,” 209
- Floyd, David, 12
- Food aid, 101
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 158
- Force modernization, 137
- Ford, Gerald R.:
- Foreign Affairs, 182
- Foreign correspondents’ guidelines, 133, 135
- Foreign correspondents tour program, 87
- Foreign elites, 117
- Foreign Information Service, 181
- Foreign languages. See individual languages.
- Foreign policy, U.S., 38, 109, 124, 211
- Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY 1977, 14, 47
- Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY 1978, 69, 93
- Foreign Relations Authorization Act for FY 1979, 181
- Forman, Milos, 6
- Forster, Cliff, 2
- Forum Series (VOA), 67
- Fourt, Maynard H., 1
- France:
- Academic exchange programs, 159
- American culture as seen by elites of, 117
- Arms control/disarmament, 146, 149
- Attentive publics in, 182
- Bicentennial of U.S. Revolution, 92
- Cultural and information activities of, 155
- European Defense Force as rejected by, 182
- As focus nation for ICA research, 183
- Human rights, 48
- Sakharov’s exile, 205
- Suez Crisis (1956), 182
- U.S. alliance with, 92
- U.S. power as seen in, 214
- U.S. public opinion surveys in, 4, 214
- Frankel, Charles, 86
- Franklin, John Hope, 181
- Fraser, Cynthia:
- Carter administration contacts with USIA, 9
- Carter’s speech on U.S.-Soviet relations, 82
- Distribution of USIA materials within the United States, 37
- Future of electronic communications, 44
- Human rights, 17, 87
- Jamming of VOA broadcasts, 80
- Middle East Working Group, 74
- Rosalynn Carter’s trip to Latin America (May–June 1977), 53
- USIA reorganization, 1
- Fraser, Malcolm, 112
- Free, Lloyd, 5, 72, 96, 182
- Free flow of information, 63, 141, 142
- Freid, Ethel, 1
- French (language), 165
- French Bicentennial Committee, 92
- Freylinghuysen, Peter H. B., 18, 32
- Friedmann, Eugene J., 1
- Friedmann, Friedrich, 97
- Friendly, Al, 210
- Friendship Force program, 7, 31, 76, 124
- The Front (film), 184
- Fuel cycle evaluation program, 40
- Fulbright, J. William, 99, 182
- Fulbright Commission, 99, 116, 175
- Fulbright-Hays Act (1961), 7, 26, 31, 85
- Fulbright Program, 31, 125, 155, 181, 185, 213
- Fulbright-Hays Board, 76
- Fuller, Buckminster, 39
- Fulton, Barry, 1
- “The Future of United States Diplomacy” (House Committee on Foreign Affairs report, 1968), 72
-
- G–7 Economic Summit (Bonn, July 1978), 130, 155
- G–7 Economic Summit (London, May 1977), 12, 72
- Gabon, 125
- Galliner, Peter, 2
- Gallup, George H., 46, 72
- Gallup Institute, 204
- Garcia, Angel, 1
- Garcia Marquez, Gabriel, 158
- Gardner, Paul F., 83
- Gardner, Richard N., 111
- Garner, John D., 1
- Gartner, Keith, 116
- Gaspar Bacon Fund for Constitutional Studies, 92
- Gates, Pat, 113
- Gates, Robert M., 75, 85, 171, 194, 207
- Gaudian, Robert R., 1
- Gavigan, James, 1
- General Accounting Office (GAO), 76, 181
- General Agreement on Contacts, Exchanges and Cooperation (1973), 60
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 101, 109
- General-Anzeiger, 12
- General Electric, 213
- General information, 64, 72
- Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), 101, 109
- George Meany (IMV film), 39
- Georgia Institute of Technology, 129
- Georgian (language), 212
- Germans in the Soviet Union, 184
- Germany, Federal Republic of:
- Academic exchange programs, 159
- American culture as seen by elites of, 117
- American Revolution as studied in, 92, 107
- Arms control/disarmament, 146, 149
- Attentive publics in, 182
- Carter’s approach to, 12
- Cultural and information activities of, 155
- As focus nation for ICA research, 183
- Human rights, 48, 107
- As international broadcaster, 63, 165
- Lack of vitality in culture of, 97
- Nuclear sales to Brazil, 12
- Olympic Games (Moscow, 1980), 205
- Reunification, 182
- Soviet Union, relations with, 210
- As U.S. economic competitor, 214
- U.S. power as seen in, 214
- U.S. public opinion surveys in, 4, 214
- USIA director’s role in programs in, 68
- USIA programs in, 125
- V–E Day anniversary, 205
- Ghana, 92
- Giddens, Kenneth R., 18
- Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry, 112, 155, 182
- Giuffrida, Michael A., 1
- Glenn, John H., Jr., 51
- Glover, George O., 1
- Goknil, Can, 209
- Golden, Nancy, 209
- Goncharov, Vladimir, 8
- Goulet, Robert, 41
- Government Accounting Office (GAO), 50, 180
- Grabell, Alison, 1
- Grain, 213
- Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho scholarship program, 123
- Granum, Rex, 149
- Graves, John, 1
- Gray, David L., 1
- Greece, 44, 212
- Greek (language), 165
- Greene, Jocelyn, 184
- Greene, Milton H., 113
- Grey area issues, 138, 146, 149
- Griffin, Robert P., 51
- Griffith, William E.:
- Gromyko, Andrei A., 31
- Gronouski, John A., Jr.:
- Gross, Aaron, 1
- Groundwave jamming, 212
- Group of 77, 101
- Guardian, 12
- Guatemala, 67, 191
- Guinea, 67
- Gwertzman, Bernard, 63
-
- Habib, Philip, 7, 27, 39, 187
- Hackley, Anthony, 87, 209
- Haley, Alex, 46
- Hall, Gus, 17
- Halsema, James J., 44, 96
- Hanks, Nancy, 136
- Hanna, William, 209
- Hanna-Barbera Studios, 209
- Hanson, Joseph O., Jr., 9, 73
- Harley, William, 63
- Harrop, William C., 201
- Harter, Eugene, 1
- Hartman, Arthur A., 23, 111
- Harvard University, 129
- Harvey, Raymond H., 1
- Hassan, Samia, 15
- Hatch, Orrin, 92
- Hausa (language), 165, 215
- Hauser, Rita E., 69, 76
- Hausrath, Donald C., 1
- Haviland, Virginia, 209
- Hawkins, Fred D., 1
- Hayes, John S.:
- Health, Education, and Welfare, U.S. Department of, 92, 130
- Heil, Alan, 56
- Helsinki Accords (1975):
- Hemenway, Nancy, 215
- Henze, Paul B.:
- Academic exchange programs, 160
- BIB, 11, 14, 32, 51, 180
- Countering anti-American sentiment among Muslims, 195, 197, 200
- Cultural exchanges, 31
- Disagreements over VOA administration, 21
- ICA, 112, 155
- International arts policy, 136
- International broadcasting, reports on, 14, 24, 180
- International broadcasting issues, 18
- Islamic Revival, 170
- NSC/USIA meetings, 52
- Persian-language broadcasting by VOA, 163, 171
- PRM (proposed) on information programs, 42
- Problems of Communism, 140, 144
- USAC/IECA appointments, 36
- USIA reorganization, 65, 85
- USIA support for U.S. diplomatic initiatives, 35
- VOA correspondents’ guidelines, 133
- VOA reorganization, 49, 51
- VOA’s coverage of stories on Iran and Afghanistan, 199
- VOA’s foreign language broadcast increases, 171, 179
- Hesburgh, Theodore, 67
- Hill, Ken, 126, 133
- Hill, L. Paul, 1
- Hill, Robert B., 73
- Hillier, Carolyn, 1
- Hindi (language), 165
- Hinton, Deane R., 2, 111
- Hiro (Yasuhiro Wakabayashi), 113
- Hirschhorn, Eric L., 91, 99
- Hispanics, 158
- Hitchcock, William K., 10, 86, 97, 99
- Hite, Richard, 92
- Hoffman, Art, 2
- Hoffman, Carl, 1
- Holbrook, Hal, 39
- Holbrooke, Richard, 35, 81, 152
- Holmes, Oliver Wendell, 67, 125, 150
- Honduras, 191, 196
- Hopkins, Jack, 102
- Hopper, 209
- Horizons, 67, 115
- Hormats, Robert, 9, 61
- Horn of Africa, 90
- Horton, Frank, 100
- Hostage crisis, 188, 194, 199, 214, 215
- House of Representatives, U.S.:
- Appropriations Committee, 76
- Asian and Pacific Affairs Subcommittee, 35
- Civil and Constitutional Rights Subcommittee, 92
- Department of State policy guidance for ICA, 118
- ICA, approval of plan for, 114
- International Operations Subcommittee, 84, 100, 116, 124
- International Organizations and Movements Subcommittee, 72
- International Relations Committee, 33
- Interstate Foreign Commerce Communications Subcommittee, 44
- USIA/CU reorganization, 100
- Houston, Charles, 67
- Hovey, Alan, 180
- Huang Chen, 80, 166
- Huang Hua, 80, 152
- Hubert Humphrey North-South Scholarships. See Humphrey Scholarships.
- Hubert Humphrey School of Public Affairs, 129, 156
- Hudson, John H., 1
- Human rights:
- Action proposals, 67, 87
- Advocacy of as part of U.S. ideology, 17
- In Africa, 215
- Alert services, 67, 87
- Arms sales to violators of, 146
- Briefings on, 61
- In Central and South America, 215
- Clusters of, 102
- Conferences on, proposed, 87
- CU action program on, 27
- As CU program objective, 10
- Foreign media reactions to U.S. policy on, 12
- Foreign public opinion on, 48
- Free flow of information, 63, 141, 142
- Indonesian perspectives on U.S. focus on, 83
- As integral part of USIA information output, 67
- Interagency action plans on, 27
- International conference proposal for, 67
- As issue during Rosalynn Carter’s trip to Latin America (May–June 1977), 53
- Latin American views on U.S. policies on, 101
- Marks’ views on, 25
- Presentation of U.S. foreign policy to American people, 211
- PRM/NSC–28, 13, 73
- Programming in the Southern Cone, 102
- Provision of information and guidance to USIS field offices on, 67
- Soviet bloc violations of, 8
- Soviet pushback against, 26
- UNESCO actions in promotion of, 158
- U.S. Advisory Commission on Information’s views on, 46
- U.S. public opinion on, 96
- U.S. support for organizations promoting, 27
- USIA action program on, 27, 87
- USIA’s promotion of, 13, 27, 67, 102
- Value systems and, 27
- Violations seen as necessary in fight against Communism, 102
- VOA’s approach to issues of, 17, 23
- Year-end assessment of U.S. foreign policy’s emphasis on, 109
- Human Rights Action Plan, 27, 67
- Human Rights Alert Service, 67
- Human Rights Coordinating Committee (of USIA), 67
- Human Rights Coordinating Group (HRCG), 67
- Human Rights Day, 67
- Human Rights Week, 107, 108
- Humanitarianism, 87
- Humphrey, Hubert H.:
- Humphrey, Muriel F., 119, 127
- Humphrey, Ronald L., 1
- Humphrey Institute for Politics, 119, 129
- Humphrey Scholarships:
- Hungary:
- Hunter, Robert, 61, 119, 194, 195, 199
- Huntington, Samuel, 42, 134
- Huntoon, Elizabeth, 209
- Hutcheson, Richard G., 7, 19, 38, 100, 121
- Hyman, Sidney, 92
-
- Iberoamerican University, 20
- The Iceman Cometh (American Film Theater production of O’Neill play), 39
- Ideas, 115, 130, 141, 142, 150, 155
- Ideological warfare, 17
- Ideology, 109
- Ilchman, Alice Stone, 173, 175, 209
- Immigration, 93, 211
- IMV (Information-Motion Pictures-Television):
- AID use of services of, 39
- Burr trial documentary, 92
- Electronic communication, 44
- Human rights as focus of, 67
- Interviews with Carter administration personnel, 3, 9
- MPAA relationship with, 39
- Reorganization of, 39
- Research and development within, 39
- U.S. Constitution Bicentennial, 92
- VOA as compared to, 39
- Inderfurth, Richard “Karl”:
- Arms control/disarmament, 147
- Human Rights Week, 107
- Humphrey Scholarships, 98, 119
- International exchange of persons, 7
- NSC/USIA meetings, 52, 61
- Persian-language broadcasting by VOA, 163
- PRM (proposed) on information programs, 42
- U.S.–PRC Cultural Agreement, 166
- USIA reorganization, 65, 91
- USIA support for U.S. diplomatic initiatives, 35
- VOA correspondents’ guidelines, 133
- India:
- American Revolution as studied in, 92
- Arms control/disarmament, 146, 149
- Building of satellites by, 63, 158
- Communications with non-aligned countries by, 63
- Cultural exchanges, 215
- Educational exchanges, 116, 215
- As focus nation for ICA research, 183
- Pessimism about 1980 in, 204
- Superpower code of conduct, 132
- USIA activities in, 125
- VOA broadcasting to, 171
- Indian Ocean, 101, 138, 146, 149
- Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), 39
- Individualism, 184
- Indo-U.S. Subcommission, 215
- Indochina, 171
- Indonesia:
- Indonesian (language), 165, 215
- Information:
- As basic resource, 158
- Biased sources in the Soviet Union of, 184
- Free flow of, 63, 141, 142
- General, 64, 72
- Global flow of, 161
- Guiding philosophy for programs abroad, 57
- Management of, 39
- Operational guidelines for ICA collection of, 183
- Policy, 64, 72
- PRN (proposed) on programs for, 42
- Two-way flow of, 72
- Information Center Service (ICS), 44, 92
- The Inheritors (IMV film), 39
- Inouye, Daniel K., 100
- Inreach, 154
- INSAT, 158
- Instamatic cameras, 113
- Institute for International Social Research (IISR), Princeton University, 5, 96
- Institute for Scientific and Technical Cooperation, 158
- Institute of World Economics and International Relations, 60
- Integrity of the person, 102
- Intellectuals, 150
- Intelligence, 211
- INTELSAT (International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium), 63, 158
- Inter-American Human Rights Commission, 67
- Interagency Art Group, 136
- Interagency Committee on Public Diplomacy and Disarmament, 134, 137, 138, 147, 153
- Interagency Committee on the International Year of the Child, 209
- Interdepartmental Committee for Scientific and Cultural Cooperation, 181
- Interdepartmental Committee on Cooperation with the American Republics, 181
- Interdependence, 93, 124, 213
- Interim International Information Service, 181
- Interior, U.S. Department of, U.S. Constitution Bicentennial, 92
- International Affairs Seminar (Salzburg, 1980), 215
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 149
- International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), 101, 158
- International broadcasting (see also Board for International Broadcasting; Jamming; Radio Free Europe; Radio Liberty; Voice of America):
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture, 158
- International Commission for the Study of Communications Problems, 158
- International Committee of the American Studies Association, 92
- International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 188
- International Communication Agency (ICA) (see
also United States Information Agency):
- Academic exchange programs, 159, 160, 175
- Accomplishments during Carter administration of, 215
- Activities in the People’s Republic of China funded by, 152, 175
- Agriculture-USA exhibit (Soviet Union, 1978), 125, 184
- Approval for, 114
- Arms control/disarmament, 138, 146, 147, 149, 155
- Arts America (programs for 1980), 172, 174, 176, 177, 178, 185
- Assessment of performance from NSC perspective, 161
- “Books and Broadcasting for Children” (symposium), 209
- Bray’s speech on (Oct. 1980), 213
- Carter’s mission statement for, 121, 181, 213
- Communications development, 158
- Coordination with other agencies, 181
- As coordinator of policy on educational and cultural exchanges, 175
- Core management of, 120
- Countering anti-American sentiment among Muslims, 194, 195, 197, 200
- Creation of, 181
- Cuban refugees, 206, 207, 208
- Cultural projects in Cuba, 186, 207, 208, 215
- Department of State’s relations with, 118, 131, 155
- Domestic broadcast restrictions on, 185
- Field operations of, 150, 181
- Focus nations for research by, 183
- Guidelines for audience analysis, 150
- Guidelines for information collection, 183
- Guidelines for transition from USIA to, 122
- Humphrey Scholarships, 156
- Inauguration ceremony (Apr. 3, 1978), 121, 125
- Interagency Committee on Public Diplomacy and Disarmament, 134, 137, 138, 147, 153
- International arts policy, 136
- International public views on arms control/disarmament, 138, 146
- Islamic Revival, 170
- Issues facing (GAO study), 181
- Libraries’ role in, 154
- New mandates for, 125
- New programs vs. old in, 181
- NSC’s relationship with, 155, 181
- Olympic Games (Moscow, 1980), 202
- Optimism vs. pessimism—prospects for 1980, 204
- Organizational structure of, 120
- Partnerships with outside groups, 203
- Photography-USA exhibit (Soviet Union, 1977), 113
- Policy guidelines for media of, 126
- Problems of Communism, 140, 144, 185
- Proposals for, 93, 94, 99, 107, 120, 121
- Proposed budget for, 108, 111, 112
- Public affairs officer in the Caribbean, 208
- Public awareness of, 181
- Reinhardt’s letters to PSOs, 150, 154
- Report on first six months of, 155
- Research Directorate, 161
- Research precepts, 183
- Search for recognition by, 181
- Second Mandate, 173, 181, 185, 213
- Secretary of State’s role with, 120
- Soviet attacks on, 155
- Soviet public’s attitudes toward the United States, 184
- Studying the general public, 182
- Survey of Soviet citizens by, 162
- Terrorism abroad, 193
- U.S.–PRC Cultural Agreement, 166
- V–E Day anniversary, 205
- VOA policy commentaries, 148, 157
- White House relationship with, 141, 142
- Working groups for establishment of, 114, 120
- International communications policy of the United States, 39, 44, 58, 72, 141, 155
- International Development Agency (IDA), 101
- International Development and Food Assistance Act (1975), 96
- International Development Cooperation Act (1979), 158
- International Directory of Specialists in American Studies, 92
- International exchange of persons, 7
- International Exhibitions Committee, 136
- International Finance Corporation (IFC), 101
- International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), 158
- International Genocide Convention, 205
- International Institute for Mass Communications Research, 158
- International Institute of Communications, 142, 158
- International Institute of Education (IIE), 31, 203
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, 158
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, 158
- International Monetary Fund (IMF), 101
- International Nuclear Fuel Cycle Evaluation (INFCE), 149
- International Olympic Committee (IOC), 202
- International Research and Exchanges Board (IREX), 60
- International Rice Research Institute, 158
- International Telecommunications Convention, 212, 212
- International Telecommunications Satellite Consortium (INTELSAT), 63, 158
- International Visitor Program:
- International Year of the Child, 209
- Investment, 101
- IOP (Office of Policy and Plans):
- IOR (Office of Research and Assessment), 44, 115
- IPS (Press and Publications Services), 44, 67, 125
- Iran:
- Academic exchange programs, 159
- Arms control/disarmament, 146, 149
- Audiences for USIS centers and libraries, 115
- Countering of Soviet propaganda in, 164
- Criticism of U.S. policy in, 193
- Cross-cultural contact as affecting, 203
- Failure of hostage rescue attempt in, 214
- Hostage crisis, 188, 194, 199, 214, 215
- ICA activities in, 215
- Oil embargo, 188
- Persian-language broadcasting by VOA to, 163, 164, 165, 171, 179, 188
- U.S. image in, 164
- USIA’s promotion of human rights in, 67
- VOA’s coverage of stories on, 199
- Iraq, 194, 211, 215
- Irwin, Phil, 113
- Islamic Revival, 170, 189, 194, 200
- Israel:
- Issues and Answers (ABC program), 39
- Italian (language), 165
- Italy:
-
- Jackson, John, 215
- Jacobs, George, 1
- Jacobs, John, 1
- Jagoda, Barry:
- Carter’s mission statement for ICA, 121
- ICA’s performance as assessed from NSC perspective, 161
- Interagency Committee on Public Diplomacy and Disarmament, 153
- International arts policy, 136
- NSC’s role in international communications and culture, 141
- Transition ’77 film series, 20
- USIA reorganization, 69, 70, 85, 86, 91
- VOA reorganization, 56, 85
- White House-ICA relationship, 142, 143
- Jamieson, Donald, 41
- Jamming (see also International broadcasting):
- Japan:
- American culture as seen by elites of, 117
- American Revolution as studied in, 92
- Arms control/disarmament, 146, 149
- Audiences for USIA products in, 115
- “Books and Broadcasting for Children” (symposium), 209
- Cultural and information activities of, 155
- As focus nation for ICA research, 183
- Human rights, 48
- International exchange of persons, 7
- Law of the Sea, 35
- Okinawa as factor in U.S relations with, 182
- Public opinion research in, 96
- Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security with the United States, 182
- U.S. and European communication on issues with, 2
- U.S. cultural exchange in, 215
- U.S. power as seen in, 214
- U.S. sale of reprocessing plant to, 12
- USIA programs in, 125
- Japan Newspaper Publishers and Editors Association, 2
- Japanese (language), 213
- Javits, Jacob, 30, 49, 51, 92
- Jazz music, 113
- “Jazz USA” (VOA program), 63
- Jefferson, Thomas, 63
- Jenkins, Kempton, 58
- “The Jetsons,” 209
- Jews, Soviet, 184
- John F. Kennedy: Years of Lightning, Day of Drums (USIA film), 37
- John Paul II, Pope, 180
- Johnson, Deanna I., 1
- Johnson, Lyndon B., 92, 124, 149
- Johnson, Samuel, 203
- Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 134
- Joint U.S. Public Affairs Office (JUSPAO), 96
- Jones, William M., 116
- Jordan, Hamilton, 3, 9, 19, 24, 38
- Jornal de Brasilia, 12
- Jose Limon (IMV film), 39
- Journalism training, 63
- Judicial Conference of the United States, 92
- Juergens, Jack W., 1
- Jurvis, Lorin A., 1
- Justice, U.S. Department of, 92
-
- Kadar, Saleh Abdel, 209
- Kaiser, Robert G., 67, 202
- Kampuchea, 171, 188
- Kane, Robert, 202
- Kasagi, Masaaki, 2
- Katzir, Ephraim, 112
- Keats, Ezra Jack, 209
- Kennedy, John F., 7, 84, 96, 158
- Kenya, 63, 115, 149
- Keogh, James, 1
- Kerr, Malcolm H., 15
- Kesey, Ken, 6
- Kettering Foundation, 213
- KGB, 113
- Khan, Rukanuzzaman, 209
- Khokhlov, Rem V., 26
- Kilpatrick, Clayton, 63
- Kincaid, Nancy E., 1
- Kisic, Bonnie L., 1
- Kissinger, Henry A., 2, 12, 22, 39, 73
- Kleiman, Carol, 209
- Klose, Kevin, 189
- Knopes, Robert, 1
- Kohler, Foy D., 14, 18
- Kohls, L. Robert, 1
- “Kojak,” 174
- Kol Israel, 212
- Komai, Ray, 1
- Komsomol, 113, 184
- Komsomol’ skaya pravda, 113
- Kopp, Eugene P., 2, 3, 4, 6, 15, 17
- Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, 63
- Korea, Republic of:
- Korean UN debate, 39
- Kotcheff, Ted, 41
- Kotok, Alan, 1
- Kraft, Timothy E., 86
- Kraus, Robert, 209
- Krecke, David K., 1
- Kreisberg, Paul H., 157
- Kreisky, Bruno, 12
- Kuftaro, Ahmed Muhammad Amin (Grand Mufti of Syria), 170
-
- Labor, U.S. Department of, 203
- Labor unions, 100
- Lage, Alice, 1
- Lahey, Charles J., 1
- Lake, W. Anthony, 27, 54, 110, 211
- Lance, Bert, 3, 9, 21, 69, 70, 71
- Language studies, 130, 168
- Laos, 171
- Larabee, Steven, 180, 210
- Latin America:
- Academic exchange programs, 159
- Arms control/disarmament, 146, 149
- Audiences for USIA products in, 115
- Briefings on, 61
- International exchange of persons, 7
- Panama Canal Treaty, 101
- Presentation of U.S. foreign policy to American people, 211
- Telephones in, 158
- U.S. human rights policies as seen in, 101
- U.S. scholarships for students from, 98
- USIA’s promotion of human rights in, 67
- Latin American Institute for Transnational Studies, 63
- Lattanzi, Frank, 1
- Latvian (language), 212
- Laugel, Pilar, 1
- Lavin, Bernard, 83
- Law of the Sea, 35, 39, 101
- Leach, James A.S., 76, 124
- League of Women Voters (LWV), 27, 92
- Lebanon, 115
- Leblanc, Napoleon, 158
- Lederer, Leon, 1, 34
- The Legacy (IMV film), 39
- Legal reform, 215
- “The Legislator is Educator” (Fulbright), 182
- Lenin, Vladimir I., 155
- Leningrad State University, 60
- Leo the Late Bloomer (Kraus), 209
- Leonard Bernstein (IMV film), 39
- Lescaze, Lee, 21, 46, 51
- Less-developed countries (LDCs):
- Levine, R. A., 96
- Lewinsohn, Jodie, 78
- Lewis, Art, 202
- Lewis, Flora, 200
- Lewis, Hobart, 39, 46
- Libraries, 115, 120, 154
- Library of Congress, 92, 167, 209
- Lingala (language), 165, 171
- Linowitz, Sol, 85
- Linowitz Commission, 85
- Lippmann, Walter, 150
- Lipshutz, Robert, 3, 9
- Lisle, Leslie, 1
- Lite, Jeffrey H., 1
- Literature, 117
- Lithuanian (language), 212
- Liu, Theodore M., 78, 92, 102, 152
- Lon Nol, 85
- Long, Loretta, 16
- Lopez Portillo, José, 44
- Lord Bryce, 182
- Losev, Sergi, 158
- Lowenstein, Allard K., 102
- Lowitz, Donald, 99
- Lubis, Mochtar, 158
- Luers, William H., 43
- Luttberg, Norman, 182
- Luxembourg, 205
-
- Macalester College, 63
- MacBride, Sean, 158
- McCall, Richard L., Jr., 69
- McCulloch, David, 98
- McDevitt, Elaine M., 1
- McGee, James H., 7
- McGovern, George S.:
- McGovern Subcommittee, 49, 58, 63
- MacGregor, Clark, 18
- McGurn, Barrett, 92
- McIntyre, James T., Jr.:
- Academic exchange programs, 160
- Arms control/disarmament, 149
- Countering anti-American sentiment among Muslims, 197
- Human Rights Week, 107
- Humphrey Scholarships, 127, 128
- Interagency Committee on Public Diplomacy and Disarmament, 134, 153
- Merging of BIB and RFE/RL Boards, 180
- NGO activities in Central America and the Caribbean, 198
- USIA reorganization, 70, 93, 100
- VOA, 171
- McKee, Jean, 181
- McNeil, Donald E., 1
- McNertney, Donald E., 1
- McNichols, William H., Jr., 7
- Mahoney, Thomas E., 1
- Maisel, Jay, 113
- Maitrejean, Sigrid, 1
- al-Majal, 115
- The Making of the President (series)(White), 182
- Malawi, 68
- Malta, 125
- Mamet, David A., 174
- Mammen, Jean E., 1
- Mandel, Marvin, 7
- Manilow, Lewis, 181
- Mann, Janean, 116
- Many Voices, One World (report), 158
- Marcy, Mildred, 92, 209
- Margaret Mead (IMV film), 39
- Marks, Leonard H.:
- Cultural exchange, 25, 26, 31, 34, 41
- Defeat of McGovern-Pell amendment, 69
- Educational exchanges, 116
- Free flow of information, 63
- “Future of U.S. Diplomacy” hearing, 72
- Gronouski appointment as BIB Chairman, 32
- Human rights, 25
- Merging of BIB and RFE/RL Boards, 32, 49, 51, 180
- Reappointment of, 51
- Sister cities program, 25, 31
- U.S. Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs report, 76, 124
- USAC/IECA role of, 36
- As USIA director, 73, 124
- Marquis, Bernie T., Jr., 1, 20
- Marshall, George C., Jr., 124, 130
- Marshall Plan, 124
- Martin, Louis, 201
- Masirah Island, 164
- Masmondi, Mustapha, 158
- Mass communications, 1
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 129
- Massoud, Louise H., 1
- Mathews, B. Ellen, 1
- Mathews, Jessica Tuchman, 13, 61, 107
- Mathias, Charles, 92
- Matlock, Jack F., Jr., 60
- Mauritania, 194
- Mauritius, 67
- Mayak jamming, 212
- M’Bow, Amadou Mahtar, 158
- Mead, Margaret, 39
- Meany, George, 39
- Media:
- Analysis of audience for, 106, 150
- Carter’s lack of discussion of human rights, 107
- Coverage of Photography-USA exhibit, 113
- Development in LDCs of, 158
- Foreign reaction to Carter’s speech on U.S.-Soviet relations, 82
- Guidance on promoting human rights in, 102
- ICA policy guidance for, 126
- Lecturers on issues in, 16
- Legal provisions against ICA use in the United States of, 185
- Operational coordination of, 73
- Procurement vs. production of materials, 68
- Reports on foreign reactions by, 12, 27, 35, 103
- Satellite broadcasting, 18, 125
- Soviet, 184
- Television interviews of Middle East leaders, 15
- U.S.-Soviet relations as seen by, 12
- VOA correspondents’ guidelines, 133, 135
- Medium-Term Plan for 1977–1982 (UNESCO), 158
- Menard, D. L., 215
- Mercurio, M., 105
- Meridian House International, 209
- Mershon Center for International Security Studies, 213
- Mexico:
- Academic exchange programs, 159
- American Revolution as studied in, 92
- Arms control/disarmament, 146, 149
- Attentive publics in, 182
- “Books and Broadcasting for Children” (symposium), 209
- As focus nation for ICA research, 183
- NGO activities in Central America and the Caribbean, 196, 198
- Optimism about 1980 in, 204
- USIA programs in, 125
- USIA’s promotion of human rights in, 67
- Meyner, Helen Stevenson, 84, 116
- Miami Herald, 209
- Michelson, Sig, 14
- Middle East:
- Academic exchange programs, 159
- Audiences for USIA products in, 115
- Camp David Summit (Sept. 1978), 151
- Kissinger’s disengagement program, 39
- Terrorism in, 182
- U.S. disengagement from, 39
- U.S. role in, 101
- USIA support for U.S. diplomatic initiatives in, 15
- USIA’s promotion of human rights in, 67
- Wireless File access in, 15
- Working Group for, 74
- Milburn, Beryl B., 76, 124
- Mill, John Stuart, 125
- Miller, Arthur, 67
- Miller, Jean, 1
- Miller, Paul A., 1
- Miller, William J., 1
- Milton, John, 57
- Milton, Robert P., 1
- Ministry of Culture (Soviet Union), 60
- Ministry of Higher and Specialized Secondary Education (Soviet Union), 60
- Mink, Patsy, 33, 40
- Missiles, 12, 149
- Missouri, 213
- Modic, Paul, 1, 105
- Mohr, Charles, 93
- Mondale, Joan, 136
- Mondale, Walter:
- Mongolian (language), 165, 171
- Monsen, G. Richard, 4, 73
- Moore, Arch A., Jr., 7
- Moore, Frank, 49, 51
- Moore, Richard D., 1
- Moose, Richard M., 58, 201
- Morgan, Edward P., 3, 9, 21
- Morison, Samuel Eliot, 39
- Morocco, 194, 203, 215
- Morris, Richard, 92
- Morrisett, Lloyd, 209
- Morton, Herwald H., 1
- Moscow State University, 60
- Motion Picture Association of America, 6, 39
- Moyers, Bill, 35
- “Mr. Rogers’ Neighborhood,” 209
- Multi-Regional Program, 60
- Multilateral aid, 101
- Multinational corporations, 101
- Mundt, Karl, 1
- Munoz Ledo, Porfirio, 45
- Murphy, John T., 14
- Murphy, Robert D., 30
- Murphy Commission Report, 30, 50, 58, 86
- Murrow, Edward R., 84, 125
- Music, 113, 117
- Muskie, Edmund S., 206, 211
- Muslims:
- Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction (MBFR), 138, 146, 147, 149
- Mutual Educational and Cultural Exchanges Act (1961), 7, 41, 93, 124
- MX missiles, 149
-
- Nagai, Michio, 158
- Nalle, David:
- Arms control/disarmament, 138
- “Books and Broadcasting for Children” (symposium), 209
- Educational exchanges, 116
- Formation of Middle East Working Group, 74
- Humphrey Scholarships, 156
- ICA as coordinator of U.S. policy on educational and cultural exchanges, 175
- Second Mandate, 173
- U.S./Egyptian Joint Working Group, 175
- USIA employees’ petition, 1
- USIA support for U.S. diplomatic initiatives, 15
- Narcotics, 211
- Nasser, Gamal Abdul, 211
- National 4–H Foundation, 7
- National Academy of Science (NAS), 67
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 39, 44
- National Archives, 92
- National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), 27, 67
- National Association of Educational Broadcasters, 209
- National Broadcasting Company (NBC), 209
- National Conference of Mayors, 31
- National Council for International Visitors (NCIV), 209
- National Educational Television (NET), 16
- National Endowment for the Arts, 177, 178, 185, 186
- National Endowment for the Humanities, 92, 136, 167, 177, 178, 185
- National Foundation for the Arts, 136, 167
- National Foundation for the Arts and the Humanities, 100
- National Governors’ Conference, 7
- National Institute of Health (NIH), 175
- National League of Cities, 31
- National Park Service (NPS), 92
- National Public Radio (NPR), 209
- National Science Foundation (NSF), 175
- National Security Council (NSC):
- Academic exchange programs, 160
- Arms control/disarmament, 138, 149
- Countering anti-American sentiment among Muslims, 195, 200
- CU’s restructuring, 75
- Disagreements over VOA administration, 21
- Educational and cultural exchange programs as ignored by, 161
- Eurocommunism, 12
- Humphrey Scholarships, 127, 128, 145
- ICA’s performance as assessed from perspective of, 161
- ICA’s relationship with, 155, 181
- International communications and culture role of, 141
- Meetings with USIA, 52, 61
- NSSMs as produced by, 73
- Stanton Report, 21, 22
- USIA contacts with, 9
- USIA reorganization, 62, 75, 91
- USIA’s relationship with, 30, 73, 96, 103
- V–E Day anniversary, 205
- VOA’s expansion of broadcast facilities, 215
- National Security Study Memoranda (NSSMs), 15, 73
- National Symphony Orchestra, 215
- Nationalization, 101
- NBC News, 67
- Netherlands, 4, 205, 215
- Neutron bomb, 113, 143, 146, 149, 182
- Nevelson, Louise, 174
- Nevitt, Robert L. M., 1
- New International Economic Order, 101
- New Statesman, 12
- New York Times, 1, 12, 184, 200, 209
- Newman, Edwin, 67
- News Agencies Pool, 63
- News reporting, 72, 120, 125
- Newsom, David D., 133, 164, 211
- Newsweek, 76
- Nicaragua, 196
- Nichols, Robert L., 1, 156
- Nicholson, Jack, 6
- Nielsen, Arthur C., 46
- Nieman, Agnes Wahl, 63
- Nieman Fellowship, 63
- Nigeria, 107, 146, 149, 159, 183, 215
- Nihon Keizai, 2
- Nik: An Experience in Sight and Sound (IMV film), 39
- Nikolais Dance Group, 39
- Nixon, Richard M., 11, 20, 46, 92, 96, 113
- Nobel Prize, 63
- Noel, Philip W., 7
- Noh, 117
- Noise jamming, 212
- Non-Aligned Conference (Havana, 1979), 132
- Non-Aligned Movement Summit (Colombo, Aug. 1976), 63
- Non-aligned Symposium on Information (Tunis, Mar. 1976), 63
- Non-governmental organizations (NGOs):
- Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT)( 1968), 149
- Non-tariff barriers, 101
- North Africa, 67, 72, 96, 101, 130, 194
- North Atlantic Council, 72, 130
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 67, 149, 205, 215
- North Carolina A&T, 129
- North-South dialogue, 109
- North-South issues, 101
- North-South Scholarships. See Humphrey Scholarships.
- Norway, 4, 146
- Novak, Robert D. S., 12
- Now Music-USA (VOA music show), 113
- Nowak, Jan, 180
- Nuclear exports, 33, 40
- Nuclear-free zones, 138, 146
- Nuclear fuel, 146
- Nuclear nonproliferation:
- Nuclear power, 12, 147
- Nuclear war, 146, 149
- Nuclear weapons, 5, 182
- Nye, Joseph S., 33, 40
- Nyerere, Julius, 155
-
- O Estado de Sao Paulo, 12
- Oates, Joyce Carol, 215
- Observer (London), 12
- O’Connell, Joseph D., Jr., 1
- Office of Coordinator of Commercial and Cultural Relations between the American Republics, 181
- Office of Education, 167, 175
- Office of Education International Division, 92
- Office of Educational Exchange, 181
- Office of Facts and Figures, 181
- Office of Inter-American Affairs, 181
- Office of International Information and Cultural Affairs, 181
- Office of International Information and Educational Exchange, 181
- Office of International Visitors, 185
- Office of Management and Budget (OMB):
- Academic exchange programs, 160
- Arms control/disarmament, 149
- Arts America programs for 1980, 177, 178
- Carter’s meeting with acting director of, 111
- CU budget, 76
- Cultural and educational exchanges, 85, 124
- Humphrey Scholarships, 128
- ICA budget proposals, 108, 111, 112
- Report on international broadcasting, 24
- Savings through electronic communications, 44
- USIA reorganization, 85, 90, 91
- VOA reorganization, 85
- VOA’s budget, 180
- Working groups for establishment of ICA, 114
- Office of Press Relations (S/PRS), 105
- Office of Private Sector Programs, 185
- Office of Telecommunications Policy, 39, 44
- Office of the Coordinator on Inter-American Affairs, 181
- Office of War Information, 181
- Official development assistance (ODA), 101
- Oil, 101, 213
- Oil embargo, 188
- Okinawa, 182
- Oksenberg, Michel, 166
- Olason, Victor B., 156
- Old Believers, 113
- Oldham, Dorch, 76, 124
- Olympic Games (Montreal, 1976), 202
- Olympic Games (Moscow, 1980), 201, 202, 205
- Olympic Task Force, 202
- Oman, 164, 203
- Omu, Fred Isaac Akporuaro, 158
- One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (film), 6
- O’Neill, Eugene, 39
- O’Neill, Thomas P. “Tip,” 49
- Openness, 46
- Opinion leaders, 1, 35
- Opinion research, 96
- Optimism, 204
- Oravec, Mona, 1
- Oregon Public Broadcasting Service, 209
- The Oregonian, 209
- Organization of American States (OAS), 43
- Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), 67
- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 101, 213
- Orter, Al, 202
- Osolnik, Bogdan, 158
- Oteifi, Gamal el, 158
- O’Toole, Thomas, 67
- Outreach, 154
- Owen, David, 164
- Owen, Henry D., 98, 119, 166
- Owens, Buck, 215
- Owens, Sarale A., 1
-
- Padilla, Antonio, 209
- Painting, 117
- Pakistan, 146, 149, 165
- Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 12, 85
- Palmeiri, Robert J., 1
- Pan-American Health Organization, 158
- Panama, 138, 182, 196, 215
- Panama Canal Commission, 215
- Panama Canal treaty negotiations:
- Panitz, Sol, 1
- Paraguay, 67, 102
- PARM objectives, 68
- PARM process, 77, 81
- Parry, Gerald J., 1
- Partners of the Americas, 7, 187, 190
- Pastor, Robert:
- Pastore, John O., 18
- Path Between the Sea (McCulloch), 98
- Peace Scholarships, 175
- Peaceful coexistence, 17
- Peaceful nuclear energy (PNE), 138
- Pearson, James B., 51
- Peled, Matti, 15
- Pell, Claiborne de B., 32, 49, 51, 69, 92
- Penetration Index, 212
- Penney, Edward T., 1
- People-to-people initiatives. See Non-governmental organizations.
- Percy, Charles H.:
- Pérez Rodriguez, Carlos Andrés, 123
- Perkins, James, 168, 213
- Perrin, James, 1
- Persian (language), 163, 164, 165, 171, 179, 188
- Peru, 138
- Peskov, Vasilii, 113
- Pessimism, 204
- Peterson, Robert, 1
- Petrovits-Androutsopoulou, Loty, 209
- Pettigrew, 100
- Petty, Wilbert C., 1
- Pezzullo, Lawrence, 102
- Philippines, 35, 67, 125, 215
- Photography-USA exhibit (Soviet Union, 1977), 113
- Pipes, Richard E., 202
- Pisano, Jane, 52, 56
- Pistor, Michael T. F., 30, 209
- Pleven, René, 182
- Plutonium, 40, 146
- Poland:
- Arms control/disarmament, 146
- Bicentennial of U.S. Revolution, 92
- Fulbright-Hays programs with, 31
- Human rights violations in, 8
- Jamming of broadcasts by, 212
- Opposition to government of, 210
- RFE broadcasts to, 210
- Screening of U.S. films in, 6
- U.S. cultural exchange in, 215
- U.S. sister city relationships in, 31
- Polaroid cameras, 113
- Policy advice, 64
- Policy commentaries, 148, 157
- Policy explication, 68
- Policy information, 64, 72
- Policy Planning Staff (S/P), 110, 118
- Polish Psychiatric Association, 6
- Political liberties, 102
- Polling methodologies, 182
- Pollock, James C., 1
- Ponomarev, Valeri, 113
- Pop Concert I and II (VOA music shows), 113
- Population issues, 101
- Portuguese (language), 165
- Povich, Shirley, 202
- Powell, Jody, 3, 9, 20, 38, 70, 141
- Powell, Phillip O., 1
- Pravda, 8, 12
- Presidential Commission on Foreign Language and International Studies, 168, 185, 200, 213
- Presidential Commission on the Bicentennial of the United States Constitution, 92
- Presidential Decisions (PDs), 73, 186
- Presidential Review Memoranda (PRMs):
- Press, Frank, 166
- Press Conference, USA (VOA program), 39, 82
- Prillaman, Kenneth G., 1
- Private investment, 101
- Private voluntary organizations (PVOs), 196
- PRIX JEUNESSE festival, 209
- Problems of Communism, 67, 87, 140, 144, 185
- Problems of Democracy, 87
- Program Design, 178
- Program for International Legal Exchange, 27
- Programming, 150
- Project ’87, 92
- Project Camelot, 96
- Projection of U.S. society, 68
- Pronk, Johannes Pieter, 158
- Propaganda, 155
- Public affairs advice, 72
- Public Affairs Officers (PAOs):
- Area Directors as management over, 68
- Arts America programs, 176, 178
- “Books and Broadcasting for Children” (symposium), 209
- Conference of (Brussels, Apr. 1978), 125, 150
- Conference of (Jakarta, Sept. 1978), 150
- Functions of, 46
- Human Rights Action Plan, 67
- Human rights programming meeting, 102
- Humphrey Scholarships, 156
- ICA’s name as lacking public awareness, 181
- Reinhardt’s letters to, 150, 154, 178, 185
- Second Mandate, 185
- Survey of LDC views of the United States, 101
- Public Broadcasting System (PBS), 16, 209
- Public diplomacy:
- Public laws. See Congress, Acts of.
- Public opinion, foreign:
- Public Opinion and Foreign Policy (Rosenau), 182
- Public Opinion and Public Policy (Luttberg), 182
- Public Opinion Quarterly, 63
- Publics, foreign, 35, 146, 182, 183
- The Puritan Experience (documentary), 39
- Pushtu (language), 171
- Putnam, Robert, 134, 137, 147, 153
-
- Rabin, Yitzhak, 15
- Racism, 158
- Radio broadcasting, 158
- Radio Free Europe (RFE) (see also
International broadcasting):
- Additional transmitters for, 14, 24, 63
- BIB as overseeing agency of, 11, 18
- Eastern Europe broadcasts by, 210
- Fascell’s approach to, 58
- Human rights action proposals, 87
- As international broadcaster, 63
- Jamming of, 210, 212
- Merging corporate board with BIB, 32, 49, 51, 180
- Reports on international broadcasting, 14, 24, 180
- Soviet attacks on, 32
- Radio Liberty (RL) (see also International
broadcasting):
- Additional transmitters for, 14, 24, 63
- Azeri language broadcasting, 165
- BIB as overseeing agency of, 11, 18
- Fascell’s approach to, 58
- As international broadcaster, 63
- Jamming of, 210, 212
- Merging corporate board with BIB, 32, 49, 51, 180
- Reports on international broadcasting, 24, 180
- Soviet attacks on, 32
- Radio Luxembourg, 113
- Radio Moscow, 63
- Radio Peking, 212
- Radio Working Group, 197
- Radiological weapons, 138, 143
- Rampton, Calvin, 7
- Ramseger, Ingeborg, 209
- Rappaport, Paul J., 1
- Rasco, Roger C., 1
- Ray, Robert D., 7
- Read, Benjamin:
- Readers’ Digest, 124
- Reagan, Ronald W., 92
- Reddy, Leo, 182
- Reflections (IMV film series), 39
- Refugees, 205, 206, 207, 208, 211
- Reinhardt, John E.:
- Academic exchange programs, 159, 160, 175
- Arms control/disarmament, 147, 149
- “Books and Broadcasting for Children” (symposium), 209
- Carter’s speeches on U.S.-Soviet relations, 82, 132
- Confirmation as USIA director, 35
- Confirmation hearing of, 30
- Congressional appearances of, 30, 63, 203
- Countering anti-American sentiment among Muslims, 195, 197
- CU–USIA consolidation, 85, 88
- Cuban refugees, 206, 208
- Cultural exchange with the Soviet Bloc, 34
- Director’s staff meeting notes, 30
- Distribution of USIA materials within the United States, 37
- Draft legislation on nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear exports, 33, 40
- Educational exchanges, 116
- Foreign media reaction reports, 12, 103
- Future of electronic communications, 44
- Human rights, Advocacy as U.S. ideology of, 17, 23, 48, 87, 102
- Human Rights Week, 107, 108
- Humphrey Scholarships, 127, 128, 145
- ICA:
- Accomplishments during Carter administration of, 215
- Arts America programs for 1980, 172, 174, 176, 177, 178, 185
- Budget proposals for, 112
- Carter’s mission statement for, 121
- As coordinator of U.S. policy on educational and cultural exchanges, 175
- Cultural projects in Cuba, 186
- Department of State’s relations with, 131
- As director of, 114
- GAO study on issues facing, 181
- Inaugural ceremonies for, 125
- Initiative on arms control/disarmament, 147, 149
- Performance as assessed from NSC perspective, 161
- Report on first six months of, 155
- Research precepts, 183
- Second Mandate, 173, 185
- White House relationship with, 142
- IMV reorganization, 39
- Interagency Committee on Public Diplomacy and Disarmament, 134, 153
- International arts policy, 136
- IOP functions, 73
- Jamming of VOA broadcasts, 80, 212
- Leadership of, 72
- Letters to PSOs, 150, 154, 178, 185
- Merging of BIB and RFE/RL Boards, 49
- Middle East Working Group, 74
- Muslims in the Soviet Union, 189, 192, 195
- Olympic Games (Moscow, 1980), 202
- Presidential Commission on Foreign Language and International Studies, 168
- Problems of Communism, 140, 144
- Public opinion surveys, 4, 162
- Rosalynn Carter’s trip to Latin America (May–June 1977), 53
- Speeches:
- Before senior USIA officials, 120
- At ICA’s inaugural ceremonies, 125, 181
- Knoxville College (May 1977), 57
- At meetings with USIA element heads (June 1977), 68
- National Council for International Visitors (Feb. 1980), 203
- Subcommittee on International Operations statement by, 63
- UNESCO General Conference (Nairobi, Nov. 1976), 63, 158
- UNESCO General Conference (Paris, Nov. 1978), 158
- World Affairs Council (1977), 120
- Stanton Report as opposed by, 25
- Studying the general public, 182
- Subcommittee on International Operations statement of, 63
- Successor generation proposal of, 130
- Undercapitalization of public diplomacy, 59, 62
- Unofficial visits by leaders of smaller nations, 169
- U.S.–PRC Cultural Agreement, 166
- USAC/IECA appointments, 36
- USIA:
- As USIA director, 21, 29
- USIS actions around European political fluidity, 78
- Visit to Europe (Apr. 1978), 125
- VOA:
- Approach to human rights issues by, 23
- Correspondents’ guidelines, 133, 135
- Coverage of stories on Iran and Afghanistan by, 199
- Department of State policy guidance for, 104
- Disagreements over administration of, 21
- Foreign language broadcast increases by, 165, 171
- Implementation of P.L. 94–350 guidelines for, 47
- As independent broadcaster, 85
- Integration into USIA of, 25
- Language priorities for, 165
- Persian-language broadcasting by, 163, 165, 171, 188
- Policy commentaries, 148, 157
- Reorganization of, 25, 70
- Soviet jamming of, 80, 212
- Transmitter study, 165
- Vance’s paper on, 56
- Year-end (1977) assessment of U.S. foreign policy, 109
- Reinhold, Robert, 168
- Reinsch, J. Leonard, 46
- Rentschler, James, 194, 195
- Reorganization Plan No. 2 (1977):
- Carter’s message to Congress on, 93, 94, 99, 120, 121, 125
- Congressional hearings on, 124
- Creation of ICA by, 181
- Fulbright’s objections to, 99
- As law, 114
- Outcome of, 215
- Proposed amendments to, 100
- Second Mandate under, 185
- U.S. Advisory Commission on International Communication, Culture and Educational Affairs as designated by, 124
- Reorganization Plan No. 8 (1953), 93, 104, 105
- Reorganization Project, 85
- Republican National Convention (Aug. 1976), 9
- Research and development (R&D), 39
- Research Directorate (of USIA), 161
- Rhodes Scholarships, 98
- Ribicoff, Abraham, 100, 114, 124
- Richardson, Elliot, 35, 39
- Richardson, Henry, 119, 142, 161
- Richardson, John, Jr., 119
- Richler, Mordecai, 41
- Richmond, 156
- The Right to Believe (documentary), 39
- Ritch, John, 32, 49
- Rives, L. Michael, 83
- Roberts, John, 41
- Roberts, Walter, 18, 22, 32
- Robison, Olin C., 181
- Robock, Leonard, 1
- Roche, John P., 14, 18
- Rock music, 113
- Rockefeller, David, 169
- Rockefeller, Nelson A., 96
- Rockefeller Foundation, 158, 215
- Rodgers, David H., 7
- Rogers, Fred, 209
- Role of Information in the New International Order (seminar, Mexico City, May 1976), 63
- “Role of Public Opinion” (Free), 182
- Romania:
- Roosevelt, Eleanor, 67
- Roosevelt, Franklin D., 96
- Roots the Saga of an American Family (Haley), 46
- Rosacker, Harlan F., 1
- Roscho, Bernard, 96
- Rosenau, James N., 182
- Rosenblum, Sanders, 1
- Ross, Clathan, 1
- Rostsel’mash factory, 184
- Roth, Lois W., 96
- Roth, Richard L., 28, 97, 99
- Royer, William B., 1
- Ruggiero, Robert R., 1
- Rule of law, 27
- Rusk, Dean, 149
- Russell, Howard H., 1
- Russell, John, Jr., 1
- Russell, McKinney H., 1, 20
- Russian (language), 165, 210, 212
- Ryan, Leo J., Jr., 84
-
- Sadat, Anwar, 15, 112, 125, 151, 155
- Sakharov, Andrei N., 17, 205
- Salvaterra, Arthur F., 1
- Samuel Eliot Morison (IMV film), 39
- San Francisco Bay, 213
- Sandburg, Carl, 39
- Sandburg’s Lincoln (David Wolper documentary), 39
- Sarbanes, Paul S., 51
- Saroyan, William, 215
- Sasha and Yura (music group), 113
- Satellite broadcasting, 18, 125
- Satellites:
- Saturation broadcasting, 212
- Saturday Dance Show, 113
- Saudi Arabia, 146, 149, 194, 200
- Saunders, Harold H., 151
- Sayre, Robert M., 169
- Scandinavia, 146, 159
- Schecter, Jerrold:
- Schindel, Morton, 209
- Schindler, Sol, 1
- Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 96
- Schlesinger, James R., 33
- Schlossman, Alvin, 1
- Schmidt, Helmut, 112, 130, 155, 182
- Schneider, Michael, 1
- Schneiders, 38
- Schneidman, Harold F.:
- Arts America programs for 1980, 172, 174, 176, 177
- Audiences for USIA products, 106
- Carter’s speech on U.S.-Soviet relations, 82
- Distribution of USIA materials within the United States, 37
- Educational exchanges, 116
- Humphrey Scholarships, 156
- ICA research precepts, 183
- International arts policy, 136
- Lack of vitality in European cultures, 97
- Middle East Working Group, 74
- Policy guidance for ICA media, 126
- Studying the general public, 182
- USIA human rights action proposals, 87
- USIA/Policy Planning Staff relations, 110
- USIA role in Constitution Bicentennial, 92
- USIA’s operating guidelines, 95
- USIS actions around European political fluidity, 78
- Scholarships. See Gran Mariscal de Ayacucho scholarship program; Humphrey Scholarships; Peace Scholarships; Rhodes Scholarships.
- Schreiter, Seymour L., 1
- Science Report (IMV TV series), 39
- Scientific exchanges, 125
- Scott, Robert S., 1, 6, 15, 39
- Sculpture, 117
- Seal, E. David, 1
- Seattle, 213
- Secondary sources, 183
- Senate, U.S.:
- Appropriations Committee, 203
- Department of State policy guidance for ICA, 118
- Foreign Relations Committee:
- Approval of Pell/McGovern Amendment by, 51
- Bray’s confirmation hearing, 30
- Foreign Assistance Subcommittee, 27, 102
- International Operations Subcommittee (McGovern Subcommittee), 49, 58, 63
- Reinhardt’s confirmation hearing, 30
- Rejection of Percy Amendment by, 51, 58
- USIA/CU reorganization, 100
- USIA reorganization, 30
- Governmental Affairs Committee, 99, 100
- ICA as not disapproved by, 114
- Judiciary Committee, 92
- Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) (1968), 149
- Senegal, 146
- Senior Seminar in Foreign Policy, 87
- Sermakashev, Vladimir, 113
- “Sesame Street,” 16, 209
- Shaheen, John M., 46
- Shakespeare, Frank J., 30, 73
- Shaw, Dennis R., 1
- Sheahan, Neila, 1
- Sherburne, Neil C., 181
- Shirley, John W., 4, 17, 23, 30, 34
- Shub, Tony, 32
- Shultze, Charles, 3
- Sick, Gary G., 163, 194, 195, 200
- Siemien, Patricia, 4, 173, 176
- Sierra Club, 27
- Silverman, Stanley M., 1, 116
- Silverstein, Leonard L., 181
- Silvis, Edward A., 1
- Simon, Paul, 116
- Sinai Peninsula, 138
- Singapore, 125, 215
- Siracusa, Ernest V., 102
- Sisco, Joseph J., 39
- Sister cities, 7, 25, 26, 31, 34
- Sister Cities International, 187, 190
- Skaggs, Ricky L., 215
- Skywave jamming, 212
- Slack, John, 116
- Sloan Fellows Program, 129
- Smith, H. Alexander, 1
- Smith, J. P., 40
- Smith, Morton S., 79, 80, 81, 116, 138, 152
- Smith, Norris, 175
- Smith, Paul, 140
- Smith, Raymond, 215
- Smith, Red, 202
- Smith, Wayne, 7, 208
- Smith, William French, 76
- Smith-Mundt Act (1948), 1, 1, 30, 68
- Smithsonian Institute, 92, 167, 175, 185
- Snow, Christopher, 1
- The Snowy Day (Keats), 209
- Soares, Mario, 155
- Social justice, 102
- Social Scientists and International Affairs (Crawford and Biderman), 182
- Solaris Dance Theater, 215
- Solmssen, Peter, 136
- Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 63
- Somalia, 67, 194
- Somavia, Juan, 158
- Son of Sam murders, 113
- Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, 12
- Sontag, Susan, 215
- Sorensen, Theodore C., 96
- South Africa, Republic of, 113, 146, 149, 215
- South America, 215
- South Asia, 67, 101, 179
- South Asian Committee on Human Rights and Development (SACOHRD), 215
- South Carolina Educational Television, 209
- South Pacific Television, 209
- Southern Africa, 101, 158, 159
- Southern Command, 215
- Southern Cone, 102
- Sovereign rights, 63
- Soviet Bloc:
- Soviet Union:
- Academic exchange programs, 159
- Afghanistan as invaded by, 188, 199, 202, 205, 215
- African mistrust of, 132
- American Revolution as studied in, 92
- Arms control/disarmament, 137, 146, 149
- Attacks on international broadcasters, 32
- Audiences for USIA products in, 115
- Biased sources of information in, 184
- Carter’s attitude toward, 113
- CSCE review conference, 25
- Cultural exchange programs, 25, 26, 59, 67, 155
- Federal Republic of Germany, relations with, 210
- As focus nation for ICA research, 183
- Foreign-language broadcasts by, 165
- Foreign public perception of U.S. strength vs., 5, 214
- Fulbright-Hays programs with, 31
- Germans in, 184
- Helsinki Accords, 63, 210
- Human rights pushback by, 26
- Human rights violations in, 8
- Humphrey scholarships, 98
- ICA as attacked by, 155
- ICA’s survey of citizens of, 162
- Ideological warfare, 17
- Information programs of, 155
- As international broadcaster, 63
- International exchange of persons, 7
- Jamming of Western broadcasts to, 210, 212
- Media in, 184
- Muslims in, 189, 192, 195
- Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) (1968), 149
- Nuclear weaponry of, 5
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 101
- Photography-USA exhibit, 113
- Propaganda expenditures, 155
- Propaganda to Iran by, 164
- Public attitudes toward the United States in, 184
- Sakharov’s exile, 205
- SALT II talks, 31
- Solzhenitsyn’s exile from, 63
- TASS criticism of VOA and USIA, 8, 32
- Theater nuclear force, 215
- Transition from USIA to ICA in, 122
- United States, relations with:
- U.S. country plan for, 60
- USIA activities in, 35, 60
- USIA’s promotion of human rights in, 67
- VOA as jammed by, 210, 212
- VOA as seen in, 113
- VOA audience in, 155
- Spain, 92
- Spanish (language), 165
- Sparkman, John J., 32, 41, 49, 51
- Spasowski, Romauld, 6
- Special Coordination Committee (SCC), 134, 197
- Special Report, 39
- Spectator, 12
- Spencer, Charles S., Jr., 1
- Spielberg, Steven A., 174
- Springer, Craig, 1
- Sputnik (satellites), 5, 182
- Sri Lanka, 215
- Staats, Elmer, 180, 181
- Stanford Research Institute, 96
- Stanley, Diane, 1
- Stanton, Frank:
- Stanton Report:
- Comptroller-General’s report with discussion of, 50, 55
- CU/USIA consolidation, 56, 85
- Department of State views on, 64, 65
- Fascell’s hearings on, 58
- Former USIA directors’ opposition to, 25
- NSC position, 21, 22
- Senators’ disagreements on, 21
- USIA employees’ disagreements with, 1
- VOA reorganization, 55
- Steele, Jonathan, 12
- Steiner, Steven B., 1
- Stern, Al, 92
- Stoessel, Walter J., Jr., 111
- Stone, J., 8
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT I), 12
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II):
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT III), 138, 146, 147, 149
- Straus, R. Peter, 56, 99, 135, 148
- Strauss, Richard, 156
- Streibert, Theodore C., 96
- Strovas, Frank, 1
- Successor generation, 130, 155
- Sudan, 194
- Suez Crisis (1956), 182
- Sugden, G. Scott, 1
- Suib, Richard, 1
- Superpower code of conduct, 132
- Supreme Court, U.S., 92
- Surinam, 68
- Survey, 12
- Surveys:
- In Europe, 4
- On foreign elite perceptions of American culture, 117
- On LDC views of the United States, 101
- Of people leaving Eastern Europe, 96
- Perceived decline of U.S. power as seen in, 214
- Of Soviet citizens, 162
- On understanding of Carter’s foreign policy, 38
- On U.S. military strength and arms control, 5
- Swahili (language), 165, 215
- Swan, Marshall W. S., 1
- Sweden, 146, 149, 209
- Swenson, John A., 1
- SX–70 instant camera, 113
- Syria, 194
- Szanton, Peter, 86, 89
-
- Tactical nuclear forces, 182
- Tadzhikistan, 165
- Taft, Robert A., Jr., 18
- Taiwan, 63, 215
- Takeyama, Yasuo, 2
- Talley, Mae Sue, 181
- Tamil (language), 171
- Tangiers, 212
- Tanzania, 146, 149
- Tarnoff, Peter, 160, 163, 164, 187, 196
- TASS, 8, 32, 113
- Technology transfers, 101, 125
- Telephones, 158
- Television, 72, 158
- Telkins, A. Stephen, 1
- Terrorism, 101, 130, 182, 193, 211
- Thai (language), 165
- Thailand, 188
- Tharp, Twila, 174
- Thayer, Harry E. T., 152
- The Gambia, 67
- Theater, 60, 117
- Theater nuclear forces, 138, 146, 147, 149, 215
- Third World, 12, 63, 200
- Third World News Agency, 63
- Thome, Margaret H., 1
- Thompson, Bob, 51
- Thompson, Wendel, 1
- Thompson, William F., 1, 74
- Thomson, John, 152
- Thorn, Gaston, 130
- Thornton, Thomas, 98, 101, 119, 170, 199
- 3–2–1 Contact, 209
- Thurber, James P., 52, 54, 82, 104
- Todman, Terence, 43, 102
- Tompkins, Bertha T., 1
- Toon, Malcolm, 8, 23
- Topic (magazine), 115
- Torrijos, Gen. Omar, 98
- Toward a Law of the Sea (IMV Special Report), 39
- Toweett, Taaitta, 158
- Tower, John G., 49
- Town Affiliation Association, 7
- Trade, 2, 101, 211
- Transition ’77 (USIA film series), 3, 9, 20
- Transmitters, 14, 24, 63, 165, 179
- Trattner, John H., 105, 157
- Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security (U.S.-Japan), 182
- Treaty of Paris (1783), 92
- Treaty of Tlatelolco (1967), 146, 149
- Trends (magazine), 115
- Treverton, Greg, 69, 70, 75
- Trilateral Commission, 2, 12
- Trilateralism, 12
- Trinidad and Tobago, 125
- Trudeau, Pierre Elliott, 130
- Truett, Cicely, 209
- Truman, Harry S., 1, 124
- Truman Doctrine, 124
- Tubbs, Gordon, 1
- Tuch, Hans N., 17, 23, 30, 47, 80, 135
- Tuch, Thomas, 61, 179
- Tuchman, Jessica, 13, 61, 107
- Tunisia, 194, 215
- Turkey, 125, 209, 212
- Turkish (language), 165, 215
- Turner, Stansfield M., 168, 197
- Twentieth Century Fund Task Force, 158
- “200 Years of American Art” (exhibit), 178
- Tyler-Smith, Keith, 209
-
- Ukrainians, 184
- Ukrainian (language), 165, 210, 212, 213
- Uncle Remus, 209
- Underwood, Frank D., 1
- Unemployment, 113
- United Arab Emirates (UAE), 125, 194
- United Artists, 6
- United Kingdom (UK):
- American culture as seen by elites of, 117
- Arms control/disarmament, 146, 149
- Attentive publics in, 182
- Bicentennial of U.S. Revolution, 92
- Camp David Agreements (Sept., 1978), 151
- Common Market membership, 182
- Cultural and information activities of, 155
- Electronic communication to USIS offices in, 44
- As focus nation for ICA research, 183
- Foreign-language broadcasts by, 165
- Human rights, 48
- Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT) (1968), 149
- Pessimism about 1980 in, 204
- Suez Crisis (1956), 182
- U.S. power as seen in, 214
- U.S. public opinion surveys in, 4, 214
- V–E Day anniversary, 205
- United Nations Charter, 67, 87
- United Nations Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF), 188
- United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development (Vienna, Aug. 1979), 158
- United Nations Declaration of Human Rights, 26, 63, 158
- United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), 158
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO):
- United Nations General Assembly (UNGA):
- United Nations Human Rights Commission, 67, 205
- United Nations Special Sessions on Disarmament (SSOD), 134, 137, 149
- United Press International (UPI), 158
- United States Advisory Commission on Information, 46, 181
- United States Advisory Commission on International Communication, Culture and Educational Affairs, 124, 181
- United States Advisory Commission on International Communications, 93
- United States Advisory Commission on International Education and Cultural Affairs (USAC/IECA), 25, 36, 76, 84, 85, 124
- United States Advisory Committee on Information, 39, 46, 85, 93
- United States Cultural Communications Agency (proposed), 91
- United States Information Agency (USIA) (see
also International Communication Agency):
- Access to foreign publics and opinion leaders by, 35
- Activities in the Soviet Union of, 35, 60
- Advance texts of Brzezinski’s speeches to, 103
- AID’s relationship with, 30
- Areas for improvement in products and programs of, 115
- Audiences for, 1, 106, 115
- Broadcasting of President-elect Carter’s statement, 3, 9
- Carter administration contacts with, 9
- CIA’s relationship with, 30
- Coverage of CSCE’s Belgrade review conference, 67
- Creation of, 181
- CSCE Conference, analysis of tactics for, 61
- Cultural exchange, 34
- Cultural exchange programs, 66, 155, 203
- Diplomatic initiatives as supported by, 15, 35, 39
- Director’s staff meeting notes, 30
- Distribution within the United States of materials of, 37
- Electronic technology’s impact on, 44
- Employee petition, 1
- Executive Committee, 30
- Field activities, 39, 68
- Foreign elites’ perceptions of American culture, 117
- Foreign public reactions to U.S. actions, 35, 103
- Guidelines for transition to ICA, 122
- Human rights:
- Human Rights Action Plan, 67
- Human Rights Week, 107, 108
- ICA budget proposals, 112
- Kennedy’s mandate for operations of, 84
- Multi-media cooperative program, 39
- National Security Council meetings with, 52, 61
- North-South issues as seen in LDCs, 101
- NSC contacts with, 9
- NSC’s relationship with, 30, 73, 96, 103
- Nuclear export policy, 33, 40
- Nuclear nonproliferation, 33, 40
- Openness as experiment of, 46
- Operating guidelines for, 68, 95
- Opinion research as utilized by U.S. foreign affairs agencies, 96
- Organizing principles during Constitution Bicentennial for, 92
- Outreach programs of, 125
- Papers, S–1–77, 5
- Photography-USA exhibit (Soviet Union, 1977), 113
- Policy explication vs. projection of U.S. society, 68
- Policy Planning Staff, relations with, 110
- Programs for Western Europe, 97, 111
- Public opinion on U.S. actions, 35, 103
- Public opinion surveys, 4, 5
- Receipt of PRMs and PDs, 73
- Reorganization of:
- Announcement of agreement on, 88
- Brzezinski’s memos on, 71
- Carter’s speeches on, 90, 93, 185
- Changing of names of local institutions for transition to ICA, 122
- Christopher-Reinhardt memo exchange on, 67
- Christopher’s testimony before Fascell’s committee, 58, 64, 72
- Comptroller-General’s report on, 50, 55
- Integration of Bureau of Educational and Cultural
Affairs into:
- Agreement on, 88
- Carter’s message to Congress on, 93, 94, 99, 120, 121, 125
- Christopher’s testimony before Fascell’s committee, 72
- Comptroller-General’s report with discussion of, 50, 55
- Department of State position:
- Employee petition for, 1
- Former USIA directors’ support for, 25
- Fulbright’s opposition to, 99
- International Operations Subcommittee recommendations on, 84
- NSC comments on, 91
- OMB preparation of text for, 91
- Outcome of, 215
- Proposed amendments to plan for, 100
- Stanton-Vance message exchange on, 86, 89
- Jagoda’s views on, 70, 91
- Loose ends from, 85
- Meeting with element heads, 68
- NSC perspectives on, 65, 72, 75, 91
- OMB perspectives on, 85, 90, 91
- Options for, 64
- Percy’s amendment, 46, 51, 58, 76
- Petition for, 1
- Plans for, 30, 90
- Reinhardt’s memo to USIA officials, 68
- Statement of incoming director on, 30
- Treverton’s memo on, 70
- Under CU rather than USIA, 66
- U.S. Advisory Commission on Information report on, 46, 181
- USIA programs seen as obsolete, 66, 70, 86
- VOA’s role in event of, 85
- Report on international broadcasting, 24, 25
- Research Directorate, 161
- Role in East Asia and the Pacific of, 81, 83
- Role of, 1
- Role of director of, 68
- Role within executive branch of, 39
- Sister cities, 34
- Stanton Report as disliked by employees of, 1
- TASS criticism of, 8
- U.S.–EC-Japan communications on issues, 2
- USAC/IECA appointments, 36
- USIS as overseas operation of, 181
- VOA approach to human rights issues, 17, 23, 27, 30, 67
- Working groups for establishment of ICA, 114
- Year-end (1977) assessment of U.S. foreign policy, 109
- United States Information Service (USIS):
- Actions around political fluidity in Europe by, 78
- Aiding Mondale’s trip to Europe and Japan (Jan.–Feb. 1977) 9, 35
- Audiences for products of, 106, 115, 154
- Defining objective in individual posts for, 68
- Department of State policy guidance for, 54, 105
- Human rights action proposals, 87
- Human rights in the Southern Cone, 102
- As overseas operations of USIA, 181
- Provision of human rights information and guidance to field offices of, 67
- Report on international broadcasting, 14
- Rosalynn Carter’s trip to Latin America (May–June 1977), 53
- Transmitters as included in budget requests for, 14, 24
- United States International Communication Agency (USICA). See International Communication Agency (ICA).
- United States International Information Administration, 181
- United States Olympic Committee (USOC), 202, 205
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 26, 63, 87
- UPI Broadcasting Advisory Board, 63
- Uranium enrichment, 40
- Urdu (language), 165, 189, 215
- Uruguay, 67, 102, 204, 215
- U.S. Art The Gift of Ourselves (documentary), 39
- U.S./Egyptian Joint Working Group, 175
- U.S. Information and Educational Exchange Act (1948), 1, 1, 93, 181
- U.S.-Japan Friendship Commission, 2
- U.S. Non-Profit Organizations in Development Assistance Abroad, 187
- U.S. Youth Council, 7
- USA–200 exhibit, 113
- USA Institute, 60
- Uzbek (language), 212, 213, 215
-
- V–E Day, 205
- V–E Day anniversary, 205
- Vacuum tubes, 59
- Vallimarescu, Serban, 4
- Value systems, 27
- Van Allen, 137
- Van Viorst, Bruce, 69
- Vance, Cyrus R.:
- Academic exchange programs, 159
- Appointment of BIB Chairman, 19
- Arms control/disarmament, 149
- Camp David Agreements (1978), 151
- Carter’s speech on U.S.-Soviet relations, 132
- Confirmation hearings of, 10
- Countering anti-American sentiment among Muslims, 195, 197
- Cultural exchange, 25, 34, 41, 155
- Draft legislation on nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear exports, 33
- Human rights, 27, 48
- Humphrey Scholarships, 127, 128
- ICA, 131, 155
- Interagency Committee on Public Diplomacy and Disarmament, 134, 153
- International exchange of persons, 7
- Jamming of VOA broadcasts, 80
- Meetings with Huang Hua, 152
- NGO activities in Central America and the Caribbean, 187, 191, 196, 198
- Olympic Games (Moscow, 1980), 205
- Persian-language broadcasting by VOA, 163, 171
- Presidential Commission on Foreign Language and International Studies, 168
- SALT II talks, 12, 35
- Speeches:
- Stanton’s exchange of messages with, 86, 89
- Undercapitalization of public diplomacy, 59
- U.S. policy in East Asia, 79
- USAC/IECA appointments, 36
- USIA reorganization:
- Visits:
- VOA reorganization, 56, 75, 86
- Vance, Grace, 53
- Venezuela:
- Verba, Sidney, 182
- Verghese, Boobli George, 158
- Vernay, Alain, 12
- Vest, George S., 97
- Videla, Jorge Rafael, 102
- Vienna Summit (June 1979), 171
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, 171, 188
- Vietnam, Republic of, 96
- Vietnam War, 96, 182
- Villarreal, Marti, 209
- Vision (IMV TV series), 39
- Vladivostok Agreement (Nov. 1974), 12
- Voice of America (VOA) (see also
International broadcasting):
- Additional transmitters for, 14, 24, 63
- Arms control/disarmament, 139, 149
- Arts America programs for 1980, 178
- Audiences of, 1
- BIB as controlling body of, 18
- Broadcast restrictions on, 185
- Broadcasts to Czechoslovakia, 63
- Broadcasts to the Soviet Union, Approach to human rights issues, 23, 30
- Budget for, 180
- Carter’s message to Congress on, 93
- Carter’s speech on U.S.-Soviet relations, 82
- Carter’s statement as President-elect, 9
- Charter of, 47
- Chinese-language broadcasts, 179, 213, 215
- Correspondents’ guidelines, 133, 135
- Countering anti-American sentiment among Muslims, 194, 195, 197
- Coverage of stories on Iran and Afghanistan by, 199
- Cuban refugees, 206, 207
- Disagreements over administration of, 21
- Educational level of listeners to, 115
- Electronic communication, 44
- Expansion of broadcasting, 215
- Fascell’s approach to, 58
- Fascell’s interview by, 67
- Foreign language broadcast increases, 165, 171, 179
- Foreigners as involved in programming of, 125
- Forum Series, 67
- As function of public diplomacy, 64
- Human rights approach of, 17, 23, 27, 30, 67
- Implementation of P.L. 94–350 guidelines for, 47
- IMV as compared to, 39
- As independent broadcaster, 85
- India, broadcasting to, 171
- As international broadcaster, 63, 213
- IOP as provider of guidelines for, 47
- Iran hostage crisis, 199
- Islamic Revival, 170
- Jamming of broadcasts of, 80, 210, 212
- Language priorities for, 165
- Muslims in the Soviet Union, 189, 192, 195
- News operation of, 120, 125
- NSC meetings on, 75
- Olympic Games (Moscow, 1980), 202
- Persian-language broadcasting by, 163, 164, 165, 171, 179, 188
- Policy commentaries, 148, 157
- Public awareness of, 181
- Reorganization of:
- Amendments to plan for, 100
- Carter’s message to Congress on, 93
- Comptroller-General’s report with discussion of, 50
- Henze’s memo on, 51
- International Operations Subcommittee conclusions on, 84
- Lance’s memo on, 70
- McGovern Subcommittee actions on, 49, 51
- Opposition to, 35
- Relationship to a consolidated USIA/CU, 85
- Stanton Report’s position, 55
- USIA employees’ position, 1
- Vance’s paper on, 56
- Report on international broadcasting, 14, 24
- South Asian transmitters of, 179
- Soviet audience for, 155
- Soviet citizens’ views on, 113
- TASS criticism of, 8, 32
- Technical expansion of, 171
- Transmitter study, 165
- Undercapitalization of, 59, 62
- Voluntary Speakers Program, 60
- Voorde, Fran, 86
-
- Walker, Jack, 182
- Walker, Lannon, 201
- Wall Street Journal, 44
- Walmsley, Richard W., 1
- Walsh, Edward, 40, 93
- Warfield, Virginia L., 1
- Warnke, Paul C., 12, 134, 149, 153
- Warsaw Pact, 149, 205
- Washburn, Abbott, 44, 49
- Washington Post, 7, 12, 44, 51, 209
- Washington Summit (June 1973), 60
- WATCH, 209
- Watergate scandal, 18
- Watson, Jack, 191
- Wattenberg, Ben J., 67
- Weiler, Larry, 173
- Weinhold, William J., 1
- Weintraub, Richard, 46, 49
- Weisman, Steven R., 205
- Wellford, W. Harrison, 70, 75
- Wells, H. G., 125, 150
- Western Europe:
- Weston Wood Studios, 209
- WGBH–TV (Boston), 209
- Wheeler, Paul, 176
- White, Priscilla, 1
- White, Theodore, 182
- White Line Fever (film), 184
- Whitfield, Malvin, 202
- Whitney, Craig R., 12
- Wilke, Curtis, 32
- Will, George, 202
- The Will to Be Free (documentary), 39
- Williams College, 129
- Willis Conover’s Jazz Hour (VOA radio show), 113
- Wilmington 10, 17
- Wilson, Andrew, 12
- Winkler, 176, 177, 182
- Winks, Robin W., 28
- Winks Report, 28
- Wireless File:
- Advance texts of Brzezinski’s speeches for USIA, 103
- Arts America, 178
- Carter’s message to Congress on USIA/CU reorganization, 94
- Carter’s speech on U.S.-Soviet relations, 82
- Computerized transmission of, 44
- Islamic Revival, 170
- Legal provisions against use in the United States, 185
- Middle East access to, 15
- Olympic Games (Moscow, 1980), 202
- As part of effective communication, 150
- As part of minimal USIS post, 68
- Wisner, Frank G., 160
- Wolcott, Peter C., 1
- Wolff, Lester L., 84
- Wolper, David, 39
- Women’s status, 158
- Woodcock, Leonard F., 152
- “Word and their Stories” (VOA show), 113
- World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC)(Geneva, 1979), 39, 44, 125, 212
- World Administrative Radio Conference (WARC SAT 77)(Geneva, 1977), 63
- World Bank, 101, 158
- World Conference of Librarians (Manila, 1980, 209
- World Health Organization (WHO), 158
- World Press Freedom Development Committee, 63
- World Press Institute, 63
- World Psychiatric Congress, 113
- World War II, 96
- WPBT–TV (Miami), 209
- WQED–TV (Pittsburgh), 209
- Wyatt, Lawrence, 209