Index
Note: All references are to document numbers
- Abshire, David M., 383, 386, 388, 394
- Adair, E. Ross, 314, 315
- Ad Hoc Committee to Improve the Status of Women in the Foreign Affairs Agencies, 324, 325, 330
- Africa, 85
- Agency for International Development (AID), 1, 132, 147
- Agnew, Spiro T., 15, 105, 218
- Aiken, George, 133
- Ainsworth, Robert, 144
- Albright, Gen., 34
- Ambassadors. See under State Department management.
- American Foreign Service Association, 295, 350
- Anderson, Dillon, 19
- Anderson, Adm. George W., Jr., 212, 213, 218, 230, 233, 236, 238, 249
- Anderson, Jack, 129, 164
- Annenberg, Walter, 207, 220
- Arms control, 9, 61, 64, 65, 85, 148
- Armstrong, Willis C., 378
- Ash, Roy L., 290, 370
- Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 180, 237
- Bahr, Egon, 29
- Baker, George, 370
- Baker, William O., 204, 218, 233
- Bannerman, Robert, 220
- Bator, Francis, 381
- Beall, J. Glenn, 385, 387, 389
- Beaudry, Bob, 285
- Beecher, William, 39, 40, 41, 48, 222
- Behr, Col. Robert M., 59, 60, 62, 72, 138
- BeLieu, Kenneth, 83
- Bendix Corporation, 343
- Bennett, Lt. Gen. Donald V., 256, 261
- Bentson, Lloyd, 385, 389
- Bergsten, C. Fred, 72, 132, 138, 146, 147, 349, 351, 353, 357, 358, 364, 365, 375
- Berry, William, 286, 335
- Beshar, Bob, 376
- Biltchik, David, 163
- Binh, Madame, 123
- Blair, Bill, 346
- Blair, Stan, 105
- Blue Ribbon Defense Panel, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215
- Bowen, Vice Adm. Harold G., Jr., 202, 276, 277
- Boylan, Col., 62
- Braderman, Gene, 359
- Brandt, Willy, 29
- Bross, John A., 183, 213, 219, 220
- Brower, Charles, 388, 392
- Brown, Harold, 237
- Brown, John, III, 224
- Brown, Winthrop, 59, 62
- Brunson, Capt. James S., 256
- Buckley, James, 389
- Buford, Sidney, 311
- Bui Diem, 19, 51
- Bundy, McGeorge, 19
- Bundy, William P., 19, 26
- Bunker, Ellsworth, 29
- Bureau of Intelligence and Research (State Department), 180, 217, 229, 247
- Bureau of the Budget (BOB), 82, 89, 110, 309, 353
- Burgess, Carter, 296
- Burke, Gerard P., 213, 233
- Burns, Findley, 306
- Burns, John H., 305, 306, 351, 353
- Butterfield, Alexander, 233, 235, 304
- Buzhardt, J. Fred, Jr., 225, 251, 257
- Byrnes, John, 357
- Calkin, Homer L., 324, 330
- Campbell, Dick, 279
- Campbell, John, 366
- Cargo, William I., 126, 137, 153, 301, 334, 367
- Carver, George, 108, 216
- Casey, William J., 347
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (see also
Intelligence reorganization), 21
- Ambassadors’ relations with intelligence personnel, 311, 333
- Control over intelligence material reaching President, 194
- Covert operations policy, 184, 195
- Defense Intelligence Agency, relations with, 190
- Kissinger’s liaison with, 226
- National Intelligence Estimates, 208
- National Intelligence Program Memorandum and, 288
- Nixon’s displeasure with, 234
- OMB, relations with, 237
- Organizational arrangements, 183
- Personnel changes, 216, 220, 224, 273
- President’s morning intelligence reading package, 181, 205
- Publications of, 217
- Reorganization issue, 179
- Soviet military intelligence, 232
- State Department, relations with, 201, 285
- Central Security Service (CSS), 252, 253, 254, 255, 257, 258, 260, 267, 289
- Chafee, John, 223
- Chapin, Dwight, 174
- Chapin, Frank M., 182, 185, 189, 205
- Childs, Marquis, 85, 123
- Chile, 218
- China, People’s Republic of, 158
- Church, Frank, 314
- Clark, Gen. Mark, 179
- Clarke, John, 277
- Clifford, Clark, 179, 200
- Cline, Ray S., 140, 201, 204, 209, 213, 226, 228, 247, 250, 251, 256, 279, 285, 286, 288, 294, 311
- Coerr, Wymberley, 201, 203, 311
- Coffey, John, 220
- Colby, William E., 280, 284
- Cole, Ken, 34
- Colson, Charles, 392
- Commerce, U.S. Department of. See Foreign economic policy.
- Congress, U.S. (see also War Powers legislation):
- Connally, John B., 14, 370, 380
- Consolidated Cryptologic Program (CCP), 179
- Consolidated Defense Intelligence Program (CDIP), 179, 193, 202, 215, 276
- Consolidated Intelligence Resource Information System (CIRIS), 202, 215
- Cooke, David O., 252, 257, 260
- Cooper, Richard, 381
- Costello, Bill, 296
- Council on International Economic Policy (CIEP), 132, 138, 146, 147, 366,
367, 369, 370, 372, 373
- Establishment of, 374
- Covert operations policy, 184, 185, 189, 195, 203, 218
- Coyne, J. Patrick, 186
- Crane, Robert Dickson, 119
- Cryptologic command (see also Central Security Service), 239, 242, 251
- Curl, Richard, 256, 288
- Cushman, Lt. Gen. Robert E., Jr., 48, 204, 213, 214
- Cutler, Robert, 19, 179
- Dahler, Sally, 24
- Dam, Kenneth, 237, 248, 280
- Davidson, Daniel I., 47, 49
- Davies, Richard, 285
- Davies, Rodger, 285
- Davies, Roger, 62
- Davis, Jeanne, 38, 72, 103, 115, 122, 125, 178, 251
- Dean, John W., III, 385, 386, 392
- Defense, U.S. Department of (DoD) (see also Defense intelligence system; Defense Program Review Committee; Defense Department-NSC relations under NSC system):
- Defense intelligence system, 180
- Assistant Secretary of Defense (Intelligence) position, 193, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215, 229, 236, 237, 261
- Assistant Secretary of Defense for Administration position, 192, 193, 196
- Blue Ribbon Defense Panel report on, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215
- Central Security Service, 252, 253, 254, 255, 257, 258, 260, 267, 289
- CIA-DIA relations, 190
- Compartmentation and classification of intelligence, 263
- Congress and, 222, 263
- Consolidated Cryptologic Program, 179
- Consolidated Defense Intelligence Program, 179, 193, 202, 215, 276
- Consolidated Intelligence Resource Information System, 202, 215
- Constitutional concerns re intelligence activities, 222, 223, 225
- Cryptologic command (see also Central Security Service above ), 239, 242, 251
- DCI’s role, 243, 277, 283
- Defense Intelligence Production Agency, 211, 213
- Defense Investigative Service, 259
- Defense Security Command, 211, 213
- Executive Council for Defense Intelligence, 193
- Five-Year Intelligence Resource Plan, 193
- Hall’s assessment of, 263
- Intelligence career development, 263
- Intelligence resource management, 202
- JCS’ role, 193
- Management leadership, 229
- National Intelligence Program Memorandum and, 288
- National Reconnaissance Program, 179, 187, 192, 196
- National Security Agency (see also Central Security Service above ), 217
- Planning, programming and budgeting cycle, 272, 276
- Publications and their distribution, 217
- Reorganization of (see also Intelligence reorganization), 179, 192, 193, 196, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215
- 7-Year Intelligence Resource Plan, 263
- SIGINT programs (see also Central Security Service above ), 187, 196
- Staff support, 193
- Tactical intelligence, 243, 250, 251, 256
- Defense Program Review Committee (DPRC):
- Budget planning and review, 82, 89, 171, 172
- Establishment of, 74, 76, 79, 110
- Fiscal crisis of Defense Department and, 110
- Future role, 176
- Issues to be addressed, 81, 84, 102, 176
- Kennedy’s assessment of, 175
- Program analysis problems, 88
- Proper role of DPRC, debate re, 89, 90, 91, 98, 99, 100, 101
- Reform proposals re, 144
- Summary of meetings (1969-72), 178
- Working Group, 93, 97, 98, 99
- DeLoach, Cartha D., 39, 40, 41, 42, 47
- Dent, Harry S., 307
- DePalma, Samuel, 17
- Dillon, Douglas, 381
- Director of Central Intelligence (DCI) position, 216, 219, 229, 236, 239, 242, 247, 249
- Dobbins, James, 335
- Dobrynin, Anatoly, 19, 29, 50, 80, 85, 148, 173, 174
- Doolin, Dennis, 75
- Doolittle, Gen. James, 179
- Downey, Arthur, 72
- Drucker, Peter, 316
- Duckett, Carl, 220, 256
- Dulles, John Foster, 148, 370
- Eagleburger, Lawrence S., 22, 24, 37, 41
- Eagleton, Thomas, 385, 389
- Eaton, Frederick M., 187
- Eberle, William D., 339, 381
- Ehrlichman, John D., 20, 48, 49, 82, 83, 87, 110, 135, 164, 166, 275, 278, 284, 290, 296, 303, 304, 347, 369, 370, 373, 380
- Eisenhower, Dwight D., 1, 50, 148, 382
- Eliot, Theodore L., Jr., 68, 123, 127, 128, 130, 134, 153, 155, 162, 334, 361, 367
- Ellender, Allen, 239, 250, 251, 271
- Ellsberg, Daniel, 154
- Ellsworth, Robert F., 351, 353, 354, 355
- Ervin, Sam, 389
- European policy, 1
- Farkas, Ruth, 299
- Farland, Joseph, 29
- Fazio, V. James, 205
- Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI):
- Finch, Robert, 319, 369
- Fischer, C. W., 185
- Fitzhugh, Gilbert, 211
- Flanigan, Peter M., 294, 299, 300, 304, 308, 317, 319, 328, 351, 353, 358, 369, 370, 373, 374
- Fletcher, Arthur, 318
- Foreign economic policy:
- Congressional oversight, 381
- Council on International Economic Policy, 132, 138, 146, 147, 366, 367, 369, 370, 372, 373
- Establishment of, 374
- Embassy economic officers’ role, 350
- Integration with political and strategic foreign policy, 368
- NSC system and, 1, 132, 146, 147
- Office of the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations, 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 370
- Organizational arrangements (see also Council on International Economic Policy above ), 369
- Trade Commissioner Corps proposal, 360
- Trade policy administration (see also Office of the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations above ), 349
- Transfer of responsibility from State to Commerce issue, 359, 361, 362, 363, 364, 365, 371, 375, 376, 377, 378, 379, 380
- Foreign Relations Authorization Act of 1972, 334
- Foulton, Robert, 329
-
40 Committee, 18, 175, 203, 218
- Functioning of, 246
- Franklin, Benjamin, 338, 341
- Froehlke, Robert F., 192, 193, 196, 202, 204, 213, 214, 222, 225, 230, 243, 254
- Fubini, Eugene, 187
- Fulbright, J. William, 244, 382, 387, 389, 392
- Gandhi, Indira, 167, 251
- Gardiner, James R., 201, 285
- Gayler, Vice Adm. Noel A. M., 257, 260, 261, 267
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 29
- Getler, Michael, 222
- Getz, John, 35, 162
- Gilbert, Carl, 358
- Gleysteen, D., 55, 311
- Godfrey, E. Drexel, 181, 205
- Goldwater, Barry, 388, 389
- Goodpaster, Gen. Andrew, 1, 3, 6, 17, 20, 56, 233
- Gravel, Mike, 389
- Gray, Gordon, 19, 218, 280
- Green, Marshall, 68, 92, 113, 127, 344
- Gromyko, Andrei A., 62
- Gurney, Edward, 389
- Habib, Philip, 85
-
Haig, Brig. Gen. Alexander M., Jr.,
33, 53, 59, 62, 66, 103, 118,
147, 176, 252, 266, 268, 274, 279, 317, 362, 375, 388, 392
- Central Intelligence Agency personnel changes, 216, 224
- Central Security Service, 255
- Defense Program Review Committee:
- Foreign economic policy, 146
- Intelligence community/programs:
- Control over intelligence material reaching President, 194
- Director of Central Intelligence position, 216
- Economic intelligence, 236
- FBI’s role, 278
- Intelligence information handling, 204
- Kissinger’s intelligence needs, 282
- President’s morning intelligence reading package, 5, 205
- Schlesinger’s appointment as top White House man on intelligence, 290
- Intelligence reorganization:
- Kissinger’s assessment of, 22
- NSC Staff:
-
NSC system:
- African issues, 85
- Arms control issues, 85
- Cable-clearance policy, 50, 85
- Country programming, 149, 153, 155, 162
- Foreign contacts by U.S. personnel, Nixon’s instructions to be kept informed about, 169
- Foreign economic policy and, 146
- Information and intelligence processing, 5
- JCS spy operation, 164, 166
- Kissinger resignation issue, 96
- Korean military contingency planning, 35
- Latin American issues, 85
- Leaks by State Department personnel, 129
- Middle Eastern issues, 85
- Pentagon Papers leak, 154
- Reform proposals, 30, 116
- Rogers–Kissinger conflict, 96, 112, 124
- Security assistance issues, 146, 160, 162
- Southeast Asian planning, 111
- State Department-NSC relations, 52, 63, 84, 86, 104, 129
- USIA Director’s role, 115
- Vietnam cabinet-level working group, 52
- Washington Special Actions Group, 58
- Zumwalt’s response to Nixon–Kissinger approach, 159
- State Department management:
-
Haldeman, H. R. (Bob), 34, 200, 234, 294, 302, 356, 369
- Central Intelligence Agency personnel changes, 273
- Foreign economic policy:
- Intelligence community/programs:
- Mansfield amendment on reduction of U.S. troops in Europe, 148
- National Security Council, 14
- NSC Staff leak problem and wiretapping of staffers, 48, 49
-
NSC system:
- Arms control issues, 148
- Cable-clearance policy, 20
- Foreign contacts by U.S. personnel, Nixon’s instructions to be kept informed about, 168, 169, 170
- Foreign officials, direct communications with, 29
- JCS spy operation, 164, 165
- Leaks by State Department personnel, 129, 167
- Legislative coordination in national security affairs, 145
- Public information policy, 32, 44, 54
- Rogers–Kissinger conflict, 80, 96, 112, 124, 142
- Secretary of State’s role, 148, 152
- Soviet officials, communications with, 148
- Soviet Union visit by Nixon and, 173, 174
- State Department-NSC relations, 129, 135
- “State Department’s loss of influence in foreign policy” issue, 133
- USIA Director’s role, 115
- State Department management:
- Hall, Albert C., 237, 241, 243, 251, 252, 254, 256
- Hall, W. G., 123
- Hall, William O., 341, 376
- Halperin, David, 224
- Halperin, Morton H., 1, 17, 36, 37, 106, 310
- Hannah, John A., 304, 309
- Hardin, Clifford, 353, 359
- Harlow, Bryce N., 83, 105, 296, 314, 315, 356, 359, 369
- Harper, Elizabeth J., 324, 325
- Hartley, Muriel, 24
- Hartman, Arthur A., 126, 137, 138, 301, 316, 327
- Hays, Wayne L., 305, 314, 315
-
Helms, Richard M., 51, 316
- Central Intelligence Agency:
- Defense intelligence system:
- Assistant Secretary of Defense (Intelligence) position, 261
- Assistant Secretary of Defense for Administration position, 192, 196
- Central Security Service, 267
- DCI’s role, 243, 277, 283
- National Reconnaissance Program, 192
- Reorganization of, 179, 192, 196, 214
- SIGINT programs, 187
- Tactical intelligence, 250, 251
- Defense Program Review Committee, 74
- Intelligence community/programs:
- Ambassadors’ responsibilities for intelligence activities, 280, 311
- Coordination of U.S. foreign intelligence effort, 196
- Covert operations policy, 184, 195
- Director of Central Intelligence position, 216, 219, 249, 271, 277, 283, 284
- Economic intelligence, 179
- Facts and opinions in intelligence reports, 191
- Helms’ assessment of, 179
- Intelligence information handling, 200, 204
- Intelligence Resources Advisory Committee, 271
- Intra-community procedures and understandings, 271
- Kissinger’s initial briefings on, 182
- National Intelligence Estimates, 208, 209, 232
- National Intelligence Program Memorandum, 288
- National Intelligence Resources Board, 196
- Net assessments, 228
- NSC Intelligence Committee, 251, 271
- Organizational arrangements, 183
- President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, 186, 188
- President’s morning intelligence reading package, 181, 205
- Product evaluation projects, 206
- Resource allocation within, 279
- Schlesinger’s appointment to replace Helms as DCI, 284
- Soviet military intelligence, 179, 227, 232
- 303 Committee, 185, 195
- Intelligence reorganization:
- NSC system:
- Hersh, Seymour, 43, 164
- Heymann, Phil, 313
- Hillenbrand, Martin J. A., 134, 173, 323, 341
- Holdridge, John H., 62, 72, 146
- Hoopes, Townsend, 378
- Hoover, Herbert, 360
- Hoover, J. Edgar, 39, 40, 41, 43, 46, 47, 49
- Hormats, Robert, 72, 379
- Houdek, Robert, 24
- Howe, Jonathan, 279
- Hruska, Roman, 389
- Hughes, Col., 5
- Hughes, Tom, 19, 29
- Huizenga, John, 183, 220, 256
- Hurwitch, Robert A., 119, 201
- India, 167, 251, 286
- Intelligence community/programs (see also
Central Intelligence Agency; Defense intelligence system; Intelligence
reorganization; National Intelligence
Estimates):
- Ambassadors’ responsibilities for intelligence activities, 199, 280, 311, 333
- Atomic Energy Commission, 180, 237
- Budget for, 221, 234, 237, 242
- Consumers of intelligence, relationship with, 256, 286
- Control over intelligence material reaching President, 194
- Coordination of U.S. foreign intelligence effort, 196
- Cost trends, 229
- Covert operations policy, 184, 185, 189, 195, 203, 218
- Deputy Director of Central Intelligence position, 249
- Director of Central Intelligence position, 216, 219, 229, 236, 239, 242, 247, 249
- Distribution of intelligence functions, 229
- Duplication of activities, 229
- Economic intelligence, 179, 233, 236, 270
- Facts and opinions in intelligence reports, 191, 210
- FBI’s role, 180, 275, 278
- 40 Committee, 18, 175, 203, 218
- Functioning of, 246
- Helms’ assessment of, 179
- History of, 229
- Human source intelligence, 274
- Intelligence information handling, 200, 204
- Intelligence Resources Advisory Committee, 239, 242, 247, 271, 272
- Intra-community procedures and understandings, 271, 279
- Kissinger’s initial briefings on, 180, 182
- Kissinger’s intelligence needs, 281, 282
- Marshall’s assessment of, 268, 279
- Military aides in Embassies abroad, reduction innumber of, 207
- National Indications Center, 204
- National Intelligence Program Evaluation Staff, 229
- National Intelligence Program Memorandum, 287, 288
- National Intelligence Resources Board, 179, 187, 196, 229
- Net assessments, 228, 239, 242, 243, 247, 265, 266, 287
- Nixon’s displeasure with intelligence product, 191, 210, 234
- NSC Intelligence Committee, 178, 239, 242, 247, 256, 264, 268, 271, 275, 278, 279, 286, 288
- NSC Intelligence Directives, 239, 242, 248
- Office of National Estimates, 206, 208
- Organizational arrangements, 183, 229
- President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, 180, 186, 200, 204, 210, 212, 218, 219, 229, 230, 231, 233, 236, 238, 270, 274, 290
- Establishment of, 188
- President’s morning intelligence reading package, 5, 181, 205
- Product evaluation projects, 206, 229, 256, 264, 268
- Publications and their distribution, 217
- Recuitment of supporters of U.S. Vietnam policy for, 273
- Resource allocation within, 279
- Schlesinger’s appointment as top White House man on intelligence, 290
- Schlesinger’s appointment to replace Helms as DCI, 284
- Soviet military intelligence, 179, 198, 206, 208, 218, 226, 227, 228, 232
- State Department’s involvement, 180, 201, 217, 229, 247, 285
- 303 Committee, 18, 92, 182, 185, 189, 195
- U.S. Intelligence Board, 116, 180, 187, 214, 217, 229, 233, 236, 239, 242, 247
- Vietnam Special Studies Group’s intelligence activities, 107, 108
- Intelligence reorganization:
- Agencies’ attitudes toward, 230
- Congressional response, 244
- Cost savings, 229
- Defense Department issues arising from, 272, 276, 277
- Functional boundaries, changing of, 229
- Helms’ proposals, 179
- Implementation of, 268, 269, 271, 279
- Improvements in intelligence product and, 229
- Kissinger/Shultz package proposal, 235
- Laird’s assessment of, 243
- Leadership proposals, 229
- OMB/NSC Study re, 229
- PFIAB consideration of, 218, 233, 236, 238
- Presidential Directive re, 239, 240, 242
- Schlesinger’s leadership role, 229
- Schlesinger’s views on, 237
- Smith/Marshall “limited options” proposal, 234
- State Department, impact on, 247
- Intelligence Resources Advisory Committee (IRAC), 239, 242, 247, 271, 272
-
Irwin, John N., II, 125, 134
- Defense Program Review Committee:
- Foreign economic policy:
- Intelligence community/programs:
- Intelligence reorganization:
- NSC system:
- State Department management:
- Isaacson, Walter, 43, 164
- Israel, 169
- Jackson, C. D., 179
- Jackson, Henry, 83
- Japan, 1
- Javits, Jacob, 384, 385, 388, 389, 392
- Jefferson, Thomas, 338, 341
- Jessup, Peter, 246, 316
- Johnson, Lyndon B., 1, 5, 15, 152, 200, 205, 303, 382
- Johnson, Vice Adm. Nels C., 35, 59, 62
- Johnson, U. Alexis, 123, 126, 134, 142, 203, 235, 301, 311, 319, 327, 344, 347, 367
- Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS):
- Jones, Curtis, 286
- Jones, Roger, 255
- Jordan, Everett, 389
- Joyce, Charles C., Jr., 204, 205
- Joyce, Jean, 324
- Jurich, Anthony J., 105
- Kappel, Fred, 370
- Karamessines, Thomas H., 35, 182, 184, 189, 220, 280, 284, 311
- Katzenbach, Nicholas deB., 295
- Kearns, Henry, 360
- Keeny, Spurgeon, 17
- Kennedy, David M., 14, 15, 94, 339, 354, 365, 373
- Kennedy, John F., 19, 205, 228
- Kennedy, Col. Richard T., 72, 106, 119, 122, 138, 140, 143, 146, 155, 156, 176, 178, 246, 317 [Page 864]
- Killian, James, 179
- Kirkpatrick, Lyman, 193
-
Kissinger, Henry A., 53, 66, 113, 230, 249, 252, 293,
296, 297, 310, 356, 362
- Central Intelligence Agency:
- Defense intelligence system:
- Defense Program Review Committee:
- Foreign economic policy:
- Council on International Economic Policy, 370, 372, 373, 374
- NSC system and, 1, 146, 147
- Office of the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations, 351, 352, 353, 357, 358
- Organizational arrangements, 369
- Trade Commissioner Corps proposal, 360
- Trade policy administration, 349
- Transfer of responsibility from State to Commerce issue, 364, 365, 375, 379
- Haig, assessment of, 22
- Intelligence community/programs:
- Budget for, 221, 234
- Consumers of intelligence, relationship with, 286
- Control over intelligence material reaching President, 194
- Covert operations policy, 184, 185, 189, 195, 203
- Director of Central Intelligence position, 216, 284
- Economic intelligence, 236, 270
- FBI’s role, 278
- 40 Committee, 246
- Intelligence information handling, 200, 204
- Kissinger’s initial briefings on, 180, 182
- Kissinger’s intelligence needs, 281, 282
- Marshall’s assessment of, 268
- Military aides in Embassies abroad, reduction in number of, 207
- National Intelligence Estimates, 198, 208, 209, 232
- Net assessments, 228, 266, 287
- NSC Intelligence Committee, 245, 251
- NSC Intelligence Directives, 248
- President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, 186
- President’s morning intelligence reading package, 5, 205
- Product evaluation projects, 206, 264
- Publications and their distribution, 217
- Resource allocation within, 279
- Schlesinger’s appointment as top White House man on intelligence, 290
- Schlesinger’s appointment to replace Helms as DCI, 284
- Soviet military intelligence, 198, 206, 208, 232
- 303 Committee, 182, 185, 189, 195
- Intelligence reorganization:
- Korean shootdown incident, 35
- National Security Council, 1, 14, 15
- National Security Decision Memoranda:
- National Security Study Memoranda:
-
NSC Staff:
- Categories and functions of staffers, 1
- Halperin’s departure, 72
- Lake/Morris resignations, 106
- Leak problem and wiretapping of staffers, 39, 40, 41, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49
- Meetings, 37
- Organization of, 22, 24, 177
- Paper-processing system, 24
- Planning Staff, 77
- Revised NSC Staff arrangements, 72
- “Sub-contracting” by staffers, 36
- Watts’ comments and recommendations re, 87
-
NSC system:
- Ad Hoc Groups, 1
- Annual review of international situation, 1
- Arms control issues, 64, 65, 148
- Cable-clearance policy, 20, 50, 70, 134, 135, 139, 141
- China visit by Nixon and, 158
- Country programming, 1, 78, 132, 149, 150, 151, 155, 156, 157
- Crisis anticipation and management, 31
- Defense Department-NSC relations, 16, 90, 91
- Foreign affairs research, coordination of, 140
- Foreign contacts by U.S. personnel, Nixon’s instructions to be kept informed about, 168, 169, 170
- Foreign economic policy and, 1, 146, 147
- Foreign officials, direct communications with, 19, 29, 127, 130, 136
- Implementation of Presidential decisions, 28
- Interdepartmental Groups, 1
- Information and intelligence processing, 5, 107, 108
- Information support and communications, 34
- JCS spy operation, 164, 166
- Kennedy’s assessment of, 175
- Kissinger resignation issue, 96
- Korean military contingency planning, 35, 59, 60, 62
- Laos Ad Hoc Group, 92
- Latin American issues, 85
- Major policy issues, 1
- Middle Eastern issues, 62, 136
- Military assistance and overseas deployments issue, 90
- Naval force requirements issue, 90
- New system proposed by Kissinger, 1, 2, 6, 8
- Office of Emergency Planning Director’s role, 83
- Outside consultants, 1
- Presentation of issues to President, 126
- Procedural problems, 38
- Program analyses, 13, 33, 69, 71
- Public information policy, 32, 44, 70
- Reform proposals, 30, 103, 116, 122, 175
- Review Group, 1, 7, 15, 17
- Rogers–Kissinger conflict, 68, 70, 80, 86, 96, 112, 123, 124, 142
- Secretary of State’s role, 7, 12, 28
- Security assistance issues, 146
- Senior Review Group, 118, 120, 122
- Southeast Asian planning, 111, 114, 117
- Soviet officials, communications with, 131, 134, 148
- Soviet Union visit by Nixon and, 173, 174
- Special Review Group for Southeast Asia, 117
- “State-centered system” alternative, 3
- State Department assessment of, 119
- State Department-NSC relations, 27, 52, 63, 84, 86, 104, 114, 135, 136
- “State Department’s loss of influence in foreign policy” issue, 133
- State Department’s resistance to interagency coordination, 125
- Treasury Secretary’s role, 94
- Under Secretaries Committee, 1, 23, 138
- USIA Director’s role, 115
- Verification Panel, 64, 65
- Vietnam Ad Hoc Group, 25, 26
- Vietnam cabinet-level working group, 51, 52, 56, 57
- Vietnam Program Analysis Group, proposed, 67
- Vietnam Special Studies Group, 73, 75, 107, 108
- Washington Special Actions Group, 45, 58, 59, 60, 62, 122
- Zumwalt’s response to Nixon–Kissinger approach, 159
- State Department management:
- Ambassadorial appointments, 298
- Ambassadors’ relations with military and intelligence personnel, 327
- Hostility toward Nixon among Foreign Service officers, 317, 318
- Nixon’s plans for second term, 347
- Personnel loyal to Nixon, advancement of, 307, 317, 320
- Personnel reductions overseas, 303, 306
- Radical reform, proposed need for, 313
- Shelton’s assessment of personnel situation, 317
- Under Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs position, 309, 315
- War Powers legislation:
- Klein, Herbert G., 32, 54
- Kleindienst, Richard, 14
- Korean military contingency planning, 35, 59, 60, 62
- Korean shootdown incident, 35
- Korologos, 389
- Krogh, Egil, 83
- Kux, 286
- Ladd, Bruce, 376
- Laingen, 286
-
Laird, Melvin R., 1, 22, 80, 347, 361
- Ambassadors’ relations with military and intelligence personnel, 327, 333, 344, 345
- Defense intelligence system:
- Assistant Secretary of Defense (Intelligence) position, 261, 262, 265
- Assistant Secretary of Defense for Administration position, 193, 196
- Central Security Service, 252, 253, 255, 257, 258, 267, 289
- Constitutional concerns re intelligence activities, 222, 223, 225
- DCI’s role, 243, 277, 283
- Defense Investigative Service, 259
- Hall’s assessment of, 263
- Intelligence resource management, 202
- Reorganization of, 193, 215
- SIGINT programs, 187
- Tactical intelligence, 243
- Defense Program Review Committee:
- Intelligence community/programs:
- Intelligence reorganization:
- NSC Staff leak problem and wiretapping of staffers, 48
-
NSC system:
- Cable-clearance policy, 50, 53, 70
- China visit by Nixon and, 158
- Country programming, 132, 153, 156, 157
- Defense Department-NSC relations, 16, 21, 90, 91
- JCS spy operation, 16
- Laos Ad Hoc Group, 92
- Military assistance and overseas deployments issue, 90
- New system proposed by Kissinger, 6, 9
- Presentation of issues to President, 126
- Procedural problems, 38
- Public information policy, 70
- Reform proposals, 116, 122
- Review Group, 15
- Senior Review Group, 122
- Vietnam Ad Hoc Group, 25
- Vietnam cabinet-level working group, 51, 56, 57
- Vietnam Special Studies Group, 75
- Washington Special Actions Group, 45, 116, 122
- Laise, Carol, 332
- Lake, W. Anthony, 30, 68
- Land, Edwin, 179, 218, 233
- Laos Ad Hoc Group, 92
- Latimer, Thomas K., 206, 217, 228, 233, 274, 278, 281, 282
- Latin America, 9, 85
- Lehman, John F., Jr., 384, 386, 387, 388
- Lemos, Adm. Bill, 75
- Lincoln, Franklin, 188, 218
- Lincoln, Gen. George A., 15, 83
- Lindjord, Haakon, 17
- Linen, Jim, 298
- Livesay, R. Eugene, 243
- Lodge, Henry Cabot, 15, 85
- Lord, Winston, 66, 72, 118
- Lynn, James T., 376
-
Lynn, Laurence E., Jr., 36, 72, 74, 102, 204,
206, 208, 364
- Defense intelligence system reorganization, 211
- Defense Program Review Committee:
-
NSC system:
- Arms control issues, 64
- Country programming, 90
- Defense Department-NSC relations, 90, 91
- Information and intelligence processing, 108
- Military assistance and overseas deployments issue, 90
- Naval force requirements issue, 90
- Program analyses, 33
- Verification Panel, 64
- Vietnam Program Analysis Group, proposed, 67
- Vietnam Special Studies Group, 108
- Mace, Howard P., 325, 339
- MacGregor, Clark, 385, 389, 390, 392
-
Macomber, William B., Jr., 120, 294, 305, 320, 357, 371, 376
- State Department management:
- Ambassadorial appointments, 328
- Policy Analysis and Resource Allocation system, 343
- Radical reform, proposed need for, 313
- 7th Floor (top echelon) reorganization, 334, 336
- Task Force recommendations for managerial reform, 312, 321, 322, 323, 329, 332, 339, 346
- Wives of Foreign Service employees, role of, 338
- Women employed by foreign affairs agencies, 324, 325, 326, 330
- State Department management:
- Magnuson, Warren, 340, 377, 379, 380
- Mansfield amendment on reduction of U.S. troops in Europe, 148
- Mardian, Robert C., 256
- Marshall, Andrew W., 204, 208, 209, 226, 232, 248, 249, 251, 252, 269, 270, 278, 286, 287 [Page 868]
- Martin, Graham, 298, 316
- Mayo, Robert P., 74, 82, 89, 110, 185, 303, 309, 354, 356
- McAfee, William, 285
- McCafferty, Art, 5, 24
- McCarthy, Joan, 24
- McCone, John, 179, 237
- McConnell, Gen., 25
- McCracken, Paul W., 353, 354, 366
- McGee, Gale, 389
- McManis, David Y., 29, 205
- McNamara, Robert S., 228, 298, 321
- Meir, Golda, 59
- Mellenberg, Isabelle, 394
- Merchant, Livingston, 179, 187
- Meyer, Cord, 59, 62, 184, 185, 281, 344
- Middle East, 1, 62, 85, 136, 169, 218
- Mills, Wilbur, 357
- Mitchell, John, 70, 80, 135, 152, 182, 203, 251, 275
- Moore, Jonathan, 92, 301, 344
- Moorer, Adm. Thomas H., 157, 164, 166, 172, 243
- Moose, Dick, 24, 30, 38
- Moot, Robert C., 252, 255, 272, 283
- Morgan, Thomas E. (Doc), 314, 315, 389, 390, 392, 394
-
Morris, Roger, 1, 5, 43, 72, 86
- Resignation from NSC Staff, 106
- Morton, Rogers, 307
- Mosley, Ruth, 324
- Moynihan, Daniel P., 318
- Murphy, Dan, 260
- Murphy, Franklin, 218
- Murphy, John, 72
- Murphy, Robert, 218, 219
- Nachmanoff, Arnold, 72, 130
- National Indications Center (NIC), 204
- National Intelligence Estimates, 180, 208, 209, 217
- National Intelligence Program Evaluation (NIPF) Staff, 229
- National Intelligence Program Memorandum (NIPM), 287, 288
- National Intelligence Resources Board (NIRB), 179, 187, 196, 229
- National Reconnaissance Program (NRP), 179, 187, 192, 196
- National Security Action Memoranda, 1, 10
- NSAM 341, 3
- National Security Agency (NSA) (see also Central Security Service), 217
- National Security Council (NSC) (see also NSC system), 1, 4, 11, 178
- National Security Decision Memoranda, 9
- Drafting procedures, 103
- Establishment of Memoranda series, 10
- Implementation of Presidential decisions and, 30
- National security matters, proposed limitation to, 116
- NSDM 1, “Establishment of NSC Decision and Study Memoranda Series,” 10
- NSDM 2, “Reorganization of the National Security Council System,” 11
- NSDM 3, “The Direction, Coordination and Supervision of Interdepartmental Activities Overseas,” 12
- NSDM 4, “Program Analyses,” 13
- NSDM 4 (Revised), “Program Analysis Studies,” 71
- NSDM 5, 10
- NSDM 8, “Crisis Anticipation and Management,” 31
- NSDM 12, “NATO,” 55
- NSDM 13, “Policy Toward Japan,” 55
- NSDM 16, 64
- NSDM 17, “Relaxation of Economic Controls Against China,” 55
- NSDM 18, “Review of Underground Nuclear Tests,” 55
- NSDM 19, 59
- NSDM 23, “Vietnam Special Studies Group,” 73
- NSDM 26, “Defense Program Review Committee,” 79
- NSDM 27, “U.S. Military Posture,” 81
- NSDM 40, “Responsibility for the Conduct, Supervision and Coordination of Covert Action Operations,” 203
- NSDM 52, “Quarterly Report on the State of the War and Vietnamization,” 107
- NSDM 79, “Establishment of Special Review Group for Southeast Asia,” 117
- NSDM 85, “The National Security Council Senior Review Group,” 118, 121
- NSDM 89, “Cambodia Strategy,” 126
- NSDM 98, “Coordination of Foreign Affairs Research Sponsored by the Federal Government,” 140
- NSDM 112, “Country Programming,” 151, 153, 155, 156, 157, 161, 162
- Numbering of, 9
- Purpose of, 1, 4
- National Security Study Memoranda, 9, 119
- Establishment of Memoranda series, 10
- NSSM 1, “Situation in Vietnam,” 67
- NSSM 4, “U.S. Foreign Aid Policy,” 55
- NSSM 10, “East-West Relations,” 27
- NSSM 21, “Vietnam,” 26
- NSSM 25, “Cape Keraudren Nuclear Excavation Project and Limited Test Ban Treaty,” 55
- NSSM 26, “U.S. Military Supply Policy for South Asia,” 94
- NSSM 27, “Interagency Planning Programming Budgeting Study for Korea,” 69
- NSSM 34, “Contingency Study for Korea,” 59
- NSSM 38, “Post Vietnam Asian Policy,” 33
- NSSM 43, “Implementation of President’s Proposals to NATO Ministerial Meeting,” 55
- NSSM 46, “Spain,” 94
- NSSM 51, “Policy Toward Thailand,” 94
- NSSM 60, “U.S. Policy Toward Postde Gaulle France,” 94
- NSSM 69, “U.S. Nuclear Policy in Asia,” 137
- NSSM 77, “Program Budgets,” 78
- NSSM 83, “U.S. Approach to European Security Issues,” 104
- NSSM 84, “U.S. Strategies and Forces for NATO,” 137
- NSSM 99, “U.S. Strategy for Southeast Asia,” 126
- NSSM 100, “Military Cooperation with France,” 137
- NSSM 112, “U.S. Post-Vietnam Policy on Use of Riot Control Agents and Herbicides in War,” 138
- Purpose of, 1, 4
- Reform proposals re NSSM system, 36, 103, 137, 143
- Review prior to issuance, 103
- Negroponte, John, 138
- Nelson, Bill, 62
- Nepal, 332
- Newsom, David, 68, 201, 341
- New York Times, 39, 40, 41, 48, 133, 154, 167, 222
- Nguyen Cao Ky, 123
- Nguyen Van Thieu, 25, 51, 63
- Nixon, Richard M.:
- Central Intelligence Agency personnel changes, 216, 224, 273
- Defense intelligence system:
- Defense Program Review Committee:
- Foreign economic policy:
- Congressional oversight, 381
- Council on International Economic Policy, 367, 369, 370, 373, 374
- Embassy economic officers’ role, 350
- Office of the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations, 351, 354, 356, 358
- Organizational arrangements, 369
- Trade Commissioner Corps proposal, 360
- Trade policy administration, 349
- Transfer of responsibility from State to Commerce issue, 359, 362, 363, 364, 365, 375, 377, 378, 380
- Intelligence community/programs:
- Budget for, 221, 234, 242
- Control over intelligence material reaching President, 194
- Covert operations policy, 184, 185, 195, 203
- Director of Central Intelligence position, 216, 249, 284
- Economic intelligence, 233, 270
- Facts and opinions in intelligence reports, 191, 210
- 40 Committee, 203
- Helms’ assessment of, 179
- Human source intelligence, 274
- Intelligence information handling, 200
- Military aides in Embassies abroad, reduction in number of, 207
- National Intelligence Estimates, 198, 232
- Nixon’s displeasure with intelligence product, 191, 210, 234
- President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, 188, 233
- President’s morning intelligence reading package, 181, 205
- Recruitment of supporters of U.S. Vietnam policy for, 273
- Schlesinger’s appointment as top White House man on intelligence, 290
- Schlesinger’s appointment to replace Helms as DCI, 284
- Soviet military intelligence, 198, 227
- Intelligence reorganization:
- Mansfield amendment on reduction of U.S. troops in Europe, 148
- National Security Council, 11, 14, 15
- NSC Staff leak problem and wiretapping of staffers, 15, 43, 47, 48, 49
-
NSC system, 87
- Ad Hoc Groups, 11
- Arms control issues, 65, 85, 148
- Cable-clearance policy, 20, 50, 53, 70, 85
- China visit by Nixon and, 158
- Congressional involvement, 95
- Country programming, 78, 132, 150, 151
- Crisis anticipation and management, 31
- Defense Department-NSC relations, 16
- Foreign affairs research, coordination of, 140
- Foreign contacts by U.S. personnel, Nixon’s instructions to be kept informed about, 168, 169, 170
- Foreign officials, direct communications with, 29, 127
- Inderdepartmental Groups, 11
- Information support and communications, 34
- JCS spy operation, 164, 165, 166
- Kissinger resignation issue, 96
- Korean military contingency planning, 35, 59
- Laos Ad Hoc Group, 92
- Latin American issues, 85
- Leaks by State Department personnel, 129, 167
- Legislative coordination in national security affairs, 145
- New system proposed by Kissinger, 1, 6, 8, 11
- Office of Emergency Planning Director’s role, 83
- Pentagon Papers leak, 154
- Presentation of issues to President, 126
- Program analyses, 69
- Public information policy, 32, 44, 54, 70
- Review Group, 11
- Rogers–Kissinger conflict, 80, 96, 112, 124
- Secretary of State’s role, 7, 12, 148, 152
- Senior Review Group, 118, 121
- Southeast Asian planning, 113, 114, 117
- Soviet officials, communications with, 131, 148
- Soviet Union visit by Nixon and, 173, 174
- “State-centered system” alternative, 3
- State Department assessment of, 119
- State Department-NSC relations, 86, 129
- “State Department’s loss of influence in foreign policy” issue, 133
- Treasury Secretary’s role, 94
- Under Secretaries Committee, 11
- USIA Director’s role, 115
- Vietnam Ad Hoc Group, 25
- Vietnam cabinet-level working group, 51, 56, 57
- Vietnam Special Studies Group, 73
- Washington Special Actions Group, 45
- State Department management, 341
- Ambassadorial appointments, 296, 298, 299, 300
- Ambassadors’ qualifications, analysis of, 293
- Ambassadors’ relations with military and intelligence personnel, 310
- Irwin’s appointment as Under Secretary, 319
- Nixon’s dissatisfaction with Rogers’ leadership, 340
- Nixon’s letter to Ambassadors, 310
- Nixon’s plans for second term, 347
- Personnel loyal to Nixon, advancement of, 296, 307, 317, 320
- Personnel reductions overseas, 303, 304, 306, 316
- Shelton’s assessment of personnel situation, 317
- Under Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs position, 309, 314, 315
- Young people, recruitment of, 300
- War Powers legislation:
- Norstad, Gen. Lauris, 187
- NSC Intelligence Committee (NSCIC), 178, 239, 242, 247, 256, 264, 268, 271, 275, 278, 279, 286, 288
- NSC Intelligence Directives (NSCIDs), 239, 242, 248
- NSC Net Assessment Group, 247
-
NSC Staff, 9
- Administrative Assistant, 24
- Categories and functions of staffers, 1
- Executive Assistant, 24
- Halperin’s departure, 72
- Information and intelligence operations, 24
- Lake/Morris resignations, 106
- Leak problem and wiretapping of staffers, 15, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49
- Meetings, 37
- Military Assistant, 1, 24
- Morale problem, 177
- Operations Staff, 72
- Organization of, 22, 24, 177
- Paper-processing system, 24
- Planning Staff, 72, 77
- President’s morning intelligence reading package and, 205
- Program Analysis Staff, 72
- Public information policy re, 44
- Revised NSC Staff arrangements, 72
- Secretarial staff, 24
- Secretariat, 72
- “Sub-contracting” by staffers, 36
- Under Secretaries Committee and, 138
- Watts’ comments and recommendations re, 87
-
NSC system (see also
Defense Program Review Committee; National Security Council; National Security Decision Memoranda; National
Security Study Memoranda; NSC Intelligence Committee; NSC Staff):
- Ad Hoc Groups, 1, 4, 11
- African issues, 85
- Agency relationships, 103
- Annual review of international situation, 1, 4
- Arms control issues, 9, 61, 64, 65, 85, 148
- Cable-clearance policy, 20, 50, 53, 70, 85, 128, 134, 135, 139, 141
- China visit by Nixon and, 158
- Committee of Principals, 61
- Congressional involvement, 83, 95, 133
- Country programming, 1, 78, 90, 132, 149, 150, 151, 153, 155, 156, 157, 161, 162, 177
- Crisis anticipation and management, 31, 95
- Defense Department-NSC relations (see also Defense Program Review Committee), 16, 21, 90, 91, 132
- Discussion of agenda papers, 30
- Foreign affairs research, coordination of, 140
- Foreign contacts by U.S. personnel, Nixon’s instructions to be kept informed about, 168, 169, 170
- Foreign economic policy and, 1, 132, 146, 147
- Foreign officials, direct communications with (see also Soviet officials, communications with below ), 19, 29, 127, 130, 136
- 40 Committee and, 18, 175
- Identifying actions for NSC consideration, 30
- Implementation of Presidential decisions, 28, 30, 95, 119
- Inderdepartmental Groups, 1, 4, 11, 103, 119, 131, 175
- Information and intelligence processing, 5, 107, 108
- Information support and communications, 34
- JCS spy operation, 16, 164, 165, 166
- Kennedy’s assessment of, 175
- Kissinger resignation issue, 96
- Korean military contingency planning, 35, 59, 60, 62
- Laos Ad Hoc Group, 92
- Latin American issues, 9, 85
- Leaks by State Department personnel, 129, 136, 167
- Legislative coordination in national security affairs, 145
- Major policy issues, 1, 9
- Management and discipline of system, 103
- Middle Eastern issues, 1, 62, 85, 136
- Military assistance and overseas deployments issue, 90
- Naval force requirements issue, 90
- New system proposed by Kissinger, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 9, 11
- Office of Emergency Planning Director’s role, 83
- Outside consultants, 1, 4, 177
- Pentagon Papers leak, 154
- Presentation of issues to President, 126
- Procedural problems, 38, 66
- Program analyses, 13, 33, 69, 71
- Public information policy, 32, 44, 54, 70
- Reform proposals, 30
- Review Group (see also
Senior Review Group below
), 1, 7, 9, 11, 15, 27, 31, 38, 103
- First meeting, 17
- Rogers–Kissinger conflict, 68, 70, 80, 86, 96, 112, 123, 124, 142
- Secretary of State’s role, 7, 12, 28, 136, 148, 152
- Security assistance issues (see also Country programming above ), 146, 160, 161, 162
- Senior Review Group, 118, 120, 121, 122, 131, 151, 178
- Southeast Asian planning, 111, 113, 114, 117
- Soviet officials, communications with, 29, 131, 134, 148
- Soviet Union visit by Nixon and, 173, 174
- Special Review Group for Southeast Asia, 114, 117
- “State-centered system” alternative, 3
- State Department assessment of, 119
- State Department-NSC
relations (see also
Rogers–Kissinger
conflict above; Secretary of State’s role above
), 21, 27,
52, 63, 84, 104, 114, 129, 132, 135, 136
- Lake/Watts assessment of, 86
- State Department policy on NSC machinery, 297
- “State Department’s loss of influence in foreign policy” issue, 133
- State Department’s resistance to interagency coordination, 125
- Summary of meetings (1969-72), 178
- 303 Committee and, 18, 92
- Timing of meetings, 126
- Treasury Secretary’s role, 94
- Under Secretaries Committee, 1, 4, 9, 11, 31, 86, 103, 109, 113, 119, 120, 140
- USIA Director’s role, 115
- Verification Panel, 64, 65, 95, 175, 178
- Vice President’s role, 105
- Vietnam Ad Hoc Group, 25, 26, 51, 75
- Vietnam cabinet-level working group, 51, 52, 56, 57
- Vietnam Program Analysis Group, proposed, 67
- Vietnam Special Studies Group, 73, 75, 95, 107, 108, 114
- Washington Special Actions Group, 35, 45, 58, 59, 60, 62, 95, 114, 116, 122, 175, 178
- White House Working Group, 145
- Zumwalt’s response to Nixon–Kissinger approach, 159
- Nutter, G. Warren, 35, 59, 62, 75, 157
- Odeen, Philip A., 171, 176, 249, 251, 266
- Office of Emergency Planning (OEP), 83
- Office of Management and Budget (OMB), 132, 171, 221
- Office of National Estimates (ONE), 206, 208
- Office of the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations (STR), 351, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 357, 358, 370
- Olmsted, Mary S., 324, 326, 330, 341
- Osgood, Robert E., 37, 72, 77
- Pace, Frank, 218
- Packard, David, 74, 88, 90, 91, 97, 110, 157, 185, 223, 235, 237, 252, 254
- Paget, Dick, 370
- Pakistan, 251, 286
- Parker, Pat, 266
- Parrot, Thomas, 251, 256
- Peck, Edward L., 285, 335
- Pedersen, Richard F., 11, 12, 17, 134, 292, 297, 301, 306, 334, 368
- Pell, Claiborne, 305
- Pentagon Papers, 154
- Perkins, James, 1
- Peterson, Peter G., 146, 147, 370, 374, 381
- Petrow, Christopher, 325, 326
- Pickering, Thomas, 327, 344
- Pinckney, T. C., 163
- Platt, Nicholas, 335
- Porter, William J., 29, 347
- Prados, John, 164
- President’s Advisory Council on Executive Organization (Ash Council), 367, 368, 370, 373
- President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB), 180, 186, 200, 204, 210, 212, 218, 219, 229, 230, 231, 233, 236, 238, 270, 274, 290
- Establishment of, 188
- Proctor, Edward W., 190, 220, 256
- Pursley, Lt. Gen. Robert E., 9, 76, 223, 272
- Rabin, Yitzhak, 169
- Radford, Charles, 164, 166
- RAND Corporation, 34
- Rehnquist, William, 383
- Resor, Stanley, 223
- Ribicoff, Abraham, 388
-
Richardson, Elliot L., 125, 310, 351
- Defense Program Review Committee, 81
- Departure from State Department, 319
- Foreign economic policy:
- National Intelligence Estimates, 209
- National Security Council, 4
- National Security Decision Memoranda, 4
- National Security Study Memoranda, 4
- NSC Staff leak problem and wiretapping of staffers, 48
-
NSC system:
- Ad Hoc Group, 4
- Annual review of international situation, 4
- Arms control issues, 61
- Committee of Principals, 61
- Inderdepartmental Groups, 4
- New system proposed by Kissinger, 2, 4, 8
- Outside consultants, 4
- Program analyses, 69
- Secretary of State’s role, 152
- State Department-NSC relations, 86, 104
- Under Secretaries Committee, 4, 23, 109
- State Department management:
- Ambassadorial appointments, 294, 299, 300, 308
- Ambassadors’ relations with military and intelligence personnel, 327
- Congressional interest in, 305
- Executive and policy responsibilities, 297
- Hostility toward Nixon among Foreign Service officers, 318
- Ombudsman procedure, 295
- Personnel loyal to Nixon, advancement of, 307, 317
- Personnel reductions overseas, 303, 306
- Personnel system, 302
- Planning and Coordination Staff, 301
- Promotion system, 295
- Under Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs position, 315
- Women employed by foreign affairs agencies, 299
- Young people, recruitment of, 300
- Rickenbacker, Edward, 179
- Rimestad, Idar, 301, 302, 350
- Robinson, Rear Adm. Rembrandt, 159, 164
- Rockefeller, Nelson, 85, 218, 309, 314
- Rodman, Peter W., 72, 119
- Rogers, Gladys P., 330
-
Rogers, William P., 1, 6, 11, 184, 350, 353, 362
- Foreign economic policy:
- Congressional oversight, 381
- Council on International Economic Policy, 367, 373
- Integration with political and strategic foreign policy, 368
- Office of the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations, 355
- Transfer of responsibility from State to Commerce issue, 359, 361, 363, 365, 371, 376, 378, 380
- Intelligence community/programs:
- National Security Council, 15
- National Security Study Memoranda, 143
- NSC Staff leak problem and wiretapping of staffers, 48
-
NSC system:
- Arms control issues, 61, 85, 148
- Cable-clearance policy, 20, 50, 53, 70, 134, 139, 141
- China visit by Nixon and, 158
- Committee of Principals, 61
- Country programming, 149, 153, 155
- Foreign contacts by U.S. personnel, Nixon’s instructions to be kept informed about, 168, 169, 170
- Foreign officials, direct communications with, 19, 29, 136
- Laos Ad Hoc Group, 92
- Latin American issues, 85
- Leaks by State Department personnel, 167
- Middle Eastern issues, 85, 136
- New system proposed by Kissinger, 2
- Presentation of issues to President, 126
- Public information policy, 70
- Rogers–Kissinger conflict, 68, 70, 80, 86, 96, 112, 123, 124, 142
- Secretary of State’s role, 7, 12, 148, 152
- Security assistance issues, 160
- Southeast Asian planning, 113, 114
- Soviet officials, communications with, 131, 134, 148
- Soviet Union visit by Nixon and, 173, 174
- State Department assessment of, 119
- State Department-NSC relations, 21, 52, 63, 86, 135, 136
- State Department policy on NSC machinery, 297
- “State Department’s loss of influence in foreign policy” issue, 133
- Under Secretaries Committee, 113
- Vietnam Ad Hoc Group, 26, 51
- Vietnam cabinet-level working group, 51, 52, 57
- Washington Special Actions Group, 45
- State Department management, 341
- Ambassadors’ qualifications, analysis of, 293
- Ambassadors’ relations with military and intelligence personnel, 311, 333, 344, 345
- Country Directors, 297
- Executive and policy responsibilities, 292, 297
- Irwin’s appointment as Under Secretary, 319
- Nixon’s dissatisfaction with Rogers’ leadership, 340
- Nixon’s plans for second term, 347
- Personnel loyal to Nixon, advancement of, 307
- Personnel reductions overseas, 304, 306
- Planning and Coordination Staff, 301
- Policy Analysis and Resource Allocation system, 343
- 7th Floor (top echelon) reorganization, 334, 336
- Task Force recommendations for managerial reform, 312, 321, 329
- Under Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs position, 309, 314
- Wives of Foreign Service employees, role of, 341
- Women employed by foreign affairs agencies, 330
- Young people, recruitment of, 297
- War Powers legislation:
- Foreign economic policy:
- Romney, George, 347
- Roosa, Robert, 381
- Ross, Claude, 285
- Rossell, Idris M., 324
- Rosson, Lt. Gen. William, 17
- Rostow, Walt, 19
- Roth, William, 381, 388
- Rouse, Andrew, 370
- Ruser, Claus W., 55, 367
- Rush, Kenneth, 29, 172, 283, 347
- Rusk, Dean, 152, 303
- Ryan, Hugh, 17
- Safire, William, 54
- Salans, Carl, 386
- SALT agreement, 148
- Samuels, Nathaniel, 109, 301, 334, 350, 355, 357, 359, 367, 373
- Sarris, Lou, 108
- Saunders, Harold H., 72, 115, 205
- Savage, Eleanor W., 324
-
Schlesinger, James R., 226
- Defense intelligence system, 213
- Intelligence community/programs:
- Intelligence reorganization:
- Scott, Harold B., 376
- Scott, Hugh, 388
- Scowcroft, Gen. Brent, 29, 176
- Seidel, W. E., 256
- Selective service reform, 9
- Selin, Ivan, 41
- Shakespeare, Frank J., Jr., 14, 115, 304, 320
- Shelton, Turner, 317, 320
- Shultz, George P., 110, 132, 135, 149, 226, 234, 249, 303, 366
- Siciliano, Rocco, 362, 376
- SIGINT programs (see also Central Security Service), 187, 196
- Simkus, Lora, 24
- Sisco, Joe, 80, 85, 127, 344
- Slocombe, Walter, 208
- Sloss, Leon, 144
- Smith, Abbot E., 183, 206, 220
- Smith, Bromley, 24
- Smith, Gerard C., 61, 85, 148
- Smith, Hedrick, 48
- Smith, K. Wayne, 125, 132, 140, 146, 149, 150, 156, 212, 213, 221, 226, 230, 232, 234, 235, 238
- Smith, R. Jack, 17, 27, 180, 205, 216, 220
- Smyser, William, 111
- Sneider, Richard L., 50, 52, 322
- Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, 17, 36, 37, 49, 72, 104, 281
- Soviet Union:
- Spiers, Ronald I., 144, 153, 160, 161, 172, 327, 331, 344
- Sprague, Mansfield, 179
-
Stans, Maurice H., 361, 374
- Foreign economic policy:
- State, U.S. Department of (see also Foreign economic policy; State Department management; State Department subheads under NSC system):
- State Department management, 341
- Ambassadorial appointments, 294, 296, 298, 299, 300, 308, 328
- Ambassadors’ qualifications, analysis of, 293
- Ambassadors’ relations with military and intelligence personnel, 199, 280, 310, 311, 327, 331, 333, 335, 337, 344, 345
- Congressional interest in, 305, 314, 315
- Country Directors, 297
- Creativity and openness concerns, 329, 346
- Embassy organization, 322
- Executive and policy responsibilities, 292, 297
- Hostility toward Nixon among Foreign Service officers, 317, 318
- Irwin’s appointment as Under Secretary, 319
- Latin American affairs. See Under Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs position below .
- Military representation in overseas missions. See Ambassadors’ relations with military and intelligence personnel above .
- Nixon’s dissatisfaction with Rogers’ leadership, 340
- Nixon’s letter to Ambassadors, 310
- Nixon’s plans for second term, 347
- Ombudsman procedure, 295
- Personnel loyal to Nixon, advancement of, 296, 307, 317, 320
- Personnel reductions overseas, 303, 304, 306, 316
- Personnel system, 302, 323
- Planning and Coordination Staff, 301
- Policy Analysis and Resource Allocation system, 329, 339, 343
- Promotion system, 295
- Radical reform, proposed need for, 313
- 7th Floor (top echelon) reorganization, 334, 336
- Shelton’s assessment of personnel situation, 317
- Task Force recommendations for managerial reform (see also Women employed by foreign affairs agencies below ), 312, 321, 322, 323, 346
- Under Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs position, 309, 314, 315
- Wives of Foreign Service employees, role of, 338, 341
- Women employed by foreign affairs agencies, 299, 324, 325, 326, 330
- Young people, recruitment of, 297, 300
- Steakley, Gen., 182
- Steeves, John M., 308
- Stennis, John, 244, 249, 385, 388, 389
- Stern, Thomas, 376
- Steven, Robert, 339, 341, 346
- Stevenson, John R., 134, 386, 394
- Strachan, Kristine, 386
- Stukel, Donald, 178
- Sullivan, William C., 39, 40, 41, 42, 46, 47, 49
- Sullivan, William H., 26, 29, 51, 75, 85
- Symington, Stuart, 133, 244, 392
- Symmes, Harrison, 386
- Szulc, Tad, 85
- Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 2, 28, 179, 180, 186, 188, 196, 200
- Thayer, Walter, 370
- Thieu. See Nguyen Van Thieu.
- Thomas, John, 173, 174
- Thomson, John, 130
- 303 Committee, 18, 92, 182, 185, 189, 195
- Timmons, William, 314, 315, 383
- Tolson, Clyde, 39, 40, 41
- Tower, John, 388
- Treasury, U.S. Department of, 94
- Office of the Special Representative for Trade Negotiations and, 354
- Trezise, Philip H., 367, 371, 373, 376
- Trueheart, William, 185
- Tucker, Gardiner L., 98, 99, 110, 272, 283
- Tuthill, John, 303
- Tweedy, Bronson, 220, 226, 256, 269, 277, 283
- Under Secretaries Committee. See under NSC system.
- U.S. Information Agency (USIA), 115
- U.S. Intelligence Board (USIB), 116, 180, 187, 214, 217, 229, 233, 236, 239, 242, 247
- Vaky, Viron P., 72, 309, 314, 315
- Veliotes, Nicholas A., 126, 127, 130, 144
- Verification Panel, 64, 65, 95, 175, 178
- Vietnam Ad Hoc Group, 25, 26, 51, 75
- Vietnam cabinet-level working group, 51, 52, 56, 57
- Vietnam policy, 1, 9, 273
- Vietnam Program Analysis Group, proposed, 67
- Vietnam Special Studies Group (VSSG), 73, 75, 95, 107, 108, 114
- Volcker, Paul, 369
- Volpe, John A., 347
- Walsh, John P., 357
- Walsh, Paul V., 190, 256
- Warnke, Paul, 17, 21
- War Powers legislation:
- Warren, Leonard, 335
- Washington Post, 164, 222
- Washington Special Actions Group (WSAG), 35, 45, 58, 59, 60, 62, 95, 114, 116, 122, 175, 178
- Watson, Marvin, 41
- Watts, William, 72, 86, 87, 103
- Weber, Arnold, 83
- Weinberger, Caspar W., 221, 226, 234, 237, 273
- Weinel, Vice Adm. John P., 213, 251, 256
- Weintraub, Sidney, 381
- Weiss, Len, 228
- Weiss, Seymour, 137, 144, 251, 256
- Welander, Adm. Robert O., 159, 164
- Wells, Benjamin, 167
- Westmoreland, Gen. William, 159
- Wheeler, Gen. Earle G., 9
- Whitaker, John, 359
- White, Lawrence K., 21, 203, 237
- White House Communications Agency (WHCA), 34
- White House Working Group, 145
- Wise, David, 43
- Women employed by foreign affairs agencies, 299, 324, 325, 326, 330
- Wyman, Louis, 299
- Young, David, 103, 278
- Zablocki, Clement, 383, 385, 388, 391, 392, 393
- Zayac, Mildred, 24
- Ziegler, Ronald L., 44, 80, 123, 148
- Zumwalt, Adm. Elmo, 159