Public Diplomacy
121. Memorandum From President Carter to the Director of the United States Information Agency (Reinhardt)
Source: Carter Library, White House Central Files, Subject File, Federal Government, International Communication Agency, Executive, Box FG–217, FG 298 1/20/77–12/31/78. No classification marking. Hutcheson sent a copy of the memorandum to Mondale under a March 13 note, in which Hutcheson indicated that the copy was returned in the President’s outbox for forwarding to Mondale for “appropriate handling.” Hutcheson also stated, “Barry Jagoda has suggested that you present the attached to Reinhardt. This would ‛point to a successful, completed reorganization process, and also give needed prestige to the agency at its start.’ Please advise.” (Ibid.) Mondale presented the copy to Reinhardt during the ICA inauguration ceremony on April 3. The memorandum is also printed in American Foreign Policy, Basic Documents, 1977–1980, pp. 94–96. In telegram 84801 to all diplomatic and consular posts, April 2, the Department repeated the text of a message from Reinhardt to all ICA posts, in which Reinhardt transmitted the text of Carter’s March 13 memorandum and requested that posts share the text with the Ambassador or other principal officers. (National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D780143–0173) Executive Order 12048, issued on March 27, 1978, and effective on April 1, formally established the International Communication Agency. For the text, see Public Papers: Carter, 1978, Book I, pp. 606–607.
122. Circular Telegram From the United States Information Agency to all Principal USIS Posts
Source: National Archives, RG 306, USIA Historical Collection, Subject Files, 1953–2000, Entry A–1 1066, Box 43, United States International Communications Agency Reorganization, 1977–1978. Unclassified; Priority. Drafted by Cohen on March 15; cleared by Jacobs on March 16; approved by Reinhardt. Sent Priority to CINCPAC. Sent for information to Vance. There is no time of transmission on the telegram.
123. Memorandum From Robert Pastor of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, White House Central Files, Subject File, Foreign Affairs, Information-Exchange Activities-Educational, Executive, Box FO–35, FO 5–1 1/20/77–5/31/78. No classification marking.
124. Report of the United States Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of Research and Assessment, Library, Archives, Office of the Archivist/Historian, Records Relating to the U.S. Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs, 1962–1978, Entry P–138, Box 2, U.S. Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs, 14th Report, March 31, 1978. No classification marking. All brackets are in the original. As of 1978, the members of the Advisory Commission were Marks, Brann, Burress, Leach, Milburn, Oldham, and French Smith.
125. Remarks by the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, USIA Historical Collection, Reports and Studies, 1953–1998, Entry A–1 1070, Box 95, Reorganization Plan No. 2, 1977. No classification marking. Reinhardt delivered the remarks at the inaugural ceremonies of the International Communication Agency, held in the ICA auditorium.
126. Memorandum From Acting Secretary of State Christopher to all Assistant Secretaries of State
Source: National Archives, RG 306, USIA Historical Collection, Subject Files, 1953–2000, Entry A–1 1066, Box 44, U.S. International Communication Agency, Reorganization, 1977. No classification marking. A notation in an unknown hand indicates that copies were sent to all ECA offices. Christopher served as Acting Secretary while Vance traveled to Sudan (April 13), Tanzania (April 13–16), South Africa (April 16–17), Zimbabwe (April 17), the United Kingdom (April 18–19), and the Soviet Union (April 19–23).
128. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski) to Vice President Mondale, Secretary of State Vance, Director of the Office of Management and Budget (McIntyre) and Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt)
Source: Carter Library, White House Central Files, Subject File, Foreign Affairs, Information-Exchange Activities-Educational, Executive, Box FO–35, FO 5–1 1/20/77–5/31/78. No classification marking. The memorandum is attached to an April 22 memorandum from Bray to Brzezinski, printed as Document 129.
129. Memorandum From the Acting Director of the International Communication Agency (Bray) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, White House Central Files, Subject File, Foreign Affairs, Information-Exchange Activities-Educational, Box FO–35, FO 5–1 1/20/77–5/31/78. No classification marking.
130. Memorandum From the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt) to the Acting President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Aaron)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Agency File, Box 9, International Communication Agency: 3–8/78. Confidential. A copy was sent to Vance. There is no indication that Aaron saw the memorandum. An attached NSC Correspondence Profile indicates the issue was OBE on July 27. (Ibid.)
131. Memorandum From the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt) to Secretary of State Vance
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P780125–0505. No classification marking. Read sent a copy of the memorandum to Vance under a June 14 action memorandum, to which he also attached a copy of a “brief note” for Vance’s signature, thanking Reinhardt for his report. (National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P780125–0510) In the signed version of the note to Reinhardt, June 22, Vance characterized the report as “useful,” suggested that he would find it “useful” to receive “such reports regularly,” and concluded, “I agree with your assessment that State-ICA relationships have gotten off to a good start. If there is anything the Department can do further in this regard, please do not hesitate to let me know.” (National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P780125–0504)
132. Memorandum From the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Subject File, Box 63, Speeches: Annapolis, 5–6/78. Confidential; Sensitive. Bray initialed for Reinhardt. A copy was sent to Vance. A notation in an unknown hand in the upper right-hand corner of the memorandum indicates that Brzezinski saw it.
133. Memorandum From Paul Henze of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, White House Central Files, Subject File, Federal Government, Voice of America, Executive, Box FG–218, FG 298–1 1/20/77–12/31/78. No classification marking. Sent for action. Dodson and Inderfuth initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum. Notations in two unknown hands read: “Sent cy of Guidelines only to Newsom from DA” and “OBE discussed with Newsom.” An attached NSC Correspondence Profile indicates that the issue was termed OBE on July 10 per Aaron’s discussion with Newsom. (Ibid.)
134. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski) to Secretary of State Vance, Secretary of Defense Brown, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (McIntyre), the Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (Warnke), and the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt)
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Office of the Deputy Secretary: Records of Warren Christopher, 1977–1980: Lot 81D113, Box 18, Memoranda to the Secretary–1978. No classification marking. A September 8 memorandum from Bray to Brzezinski (Document 149) indicates that the memo was dated June 8. Christopher sent a copy of the memorandum to Vance under a June 12 note, in which he commented: “Cy: This is a weird subject for the crisis management arm of the NSC.” Vance’s handwritten notation on the June 12 note reads: “I agree—talk to Z. about this it doesn’t make sense.” (Ibid.) Under a June 1 covering memorandum, Huntington and Putnam sent Brzezinski an unsigned copy of the memorandum, recommending that he sign it. Dodson added the following handwritten notation on the covering memorandum: ZB/Rick—You will remember this initiative—Reg [Bartholomew] cleared it with Reinhardt; Sam [Huntington] and Bob Putnam prepared attached. Note: CIA and JCS, our usual participants, are not represented. Ok?” Dodson also added two lines for Brzezinski to indicate whether or not he wanted JCS and CIA representation on the interagency committee. (Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Europe, USSR, and East/West, Putnam Subject File, Box 30, Disarmament: Public Diplomacy: 1–6/78)
135. Telegram From the International Communication Agency to all Principal Posts
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Associate Directorate for Programs, Subject Files of Basic Operating Documents, 1969–1982, Entry P–100, Basic Documents—1978 [A]. Unclassified. All brackets are in the original. Sent to VOA correspondents in Abidjan, Athens, Bangkok, Brussels, Hong Kong, London, Munich, Nairobi, New Delhi, Panama City, Paris, Rome, Tokyo, and Vienna. Drafted by R. Peter Straus and Tuch on June 28; cleared in D/SO on June 29; approved by Reinhardt. The date and time of the transmission is unclear.
136. Memorandum From the Associate Director for Programs, International Communication Agency (Schneidman) to the Executive Assistant to the Director (Cohen)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Associate Directorate for Programs, Subject Files of Basic Operating Documents, 1969–1982, Entry P–100, Basic Documents—1978 [A]. No classification marking. Printed from an uninitialed copy.
137. Memorandum From the Acting Deputy Associate Director for Programs, International Communication Agency (Carter)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Europe, USSR, and East/West, Putnam Subject File, Box 30, Disarmament: Public Diplomacy: 7/78. No classification marking. Alan Carter addressed the memorandum to Putnam, Kahan, Thompson, Van Allen, Halsted, and Spevacek. A copy was sent to Bray.
138. Telegram From the International Communication Agency to Multiple Diplomatic Posts
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Europe, USSR, and East/West, Putnam Subject File, Box 30, Disarmament: Public Diplomacy: 7/78. Unclassified; Priority. All brackets are in the original. Drafted by Blackburn; cleared by Hedges, Nalle, Morton Smith, and Chatten; approved by Alan Carter. Blackburn initialed for all clearing officials. Sent Priority to Ottawa, Paris, Bonn, Rome, Oslo, Stockholm, London, Budapest, Warsaw, Bucharest, Moscow, Belgrade, Cairo, New Delhi, Tehran, Tel Aviv, Islamabad, Jidda, Canberra, Jakarta, Tokyo, Seoul, Lagos, Dakar, Pretoria, Dar es Salaam, Buenos Aires, Brasilia, Mexico City, and Caracas. For the 30–country summary, based on the cabled responses, see Document 146.
139. Memorandum From the Acting Deputy Associate Director for Programs, International Communication Agency (Carter) to the Deputy Director (Bray)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Europe, USSR, and East/West, Putnam Subject File, Box 30, Disarmament: Public Diplomacy: 7/78. No classification marking.
140. Memorandum From Paul Henze of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Horn/Special (Henze), Box 2, 7/78. Confidential. Sent for action.
141. Memorandum From the Special Assistant to the President for Media and Public Affairs (Jagoda) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, Donated Historical Material, Barry Jagoda, Box 3, NSC. No classification marking. There is no indication that Brzezinski saw the memorandum.
142. Memorandum From the Special Assistant to the President for Media and Public Affairs (Jagoda) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, Donated Historical Material, Barry Jagoda, Box 3, NSC. No classification marking. Sent through Aaron. Printed from an uninitialed copy. There is no indication that either Aaron or Brzezinski saw the memorandum.
143. Memorandum From the Special Assistant to the President for Media and Public Affairs (Jagoda) to the President’s Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs (Aaron)
Source: Carter Library, Donated Historical Material, Barry Jagoda, Box 3, NSC. No classification marking. There is no indication that Aaron saw the memorandum. In a July 31 memorandum to Brzezinski, Jagoda commented that, as a result of working with Aaron, he had been able “to focus more clearly on how I might be helpful” in his role as a consultant to Brzezinski and proposed that he work under NSC auspices for 6 months, focus on the upcoming UNESCO meeting, and also “try to see how we can make ICA more responsive to White House/NSC initiatives.” (Ibid.) Jagoda’s assessment of the NSC–ICA relationship is printed as Document 161.
144. Letter From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski) to the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Horn/Special (Henze), Box 1, Chron File: 8/78. No classification marking. In an August 3 letter, Reinhardt responded to Brzezinski: “In the context of ZBB, consideration was given to publishing the magazine with less frequency, as consideration was given to many other undesirable, indeed, unpalatable, but possible alternative ways of operating. In this case, as in others, the decision was made not to alter the periodicity, in recognition of the value of the publication.” (Ibid.) Henze sent Brzezinski copies of both Brzezinski’s July 31 letter to Reinhardt and Reinhardt’s August 3 reply under an August 8 covering note, stating: “While he [Reinhardt] says he fears you have had faulty information about Problems of Communism’s situation, he goes on to insist that there are no real problems and that everything is fine with the magazine. This, of course, is not what we have been hearing from a variety of sources for a long time. But the basic thrust of his letter is positive—and he is very categoric about maintaining that he recognizes the importance of the publication and is giving it full support. This is what we wanted from your letter—a firm commitment to maintain the quality and frequency of this publication.” (Ibid.)
145. Memorandum From the President’s Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs (Aaron) to the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt)
Source: Carter Library, White House Central Files, Subject File, Foreign Affairs, Information-Exchange Activities-Educational, Executive, Box FO–35, FO 5–1 6/1/78–1/31/79. No classification marking.
146. Paper Prepared in the Office of Research and Evaluation, Associate Directorate for Programs, International Communication Agency
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Europe, USSR, and East/West, Putnam Subject File, Box 30, Disarmament: Public Diplomacy: 8–10/78. No classification marking. The paper is entitled “Interest and Attitudes of Concerned Publics Regarding Arms Control/Disarmament Issues.”
147. Memorandum From Robert Putnam of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Europe, USSR, and East/West, Putnam Subject File, Box 30, Disarmament: Public Diplomacy: 8–10/78. Confidential. Sent for both information and action. Inderfurth initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum.
148. Memorandum From the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt) to the Associate Director, Voice of America (Straus)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Associate Directorate for Programs, Subject Files of Basic Operating Documents, 1969–1982, Entry P–100, Basic Documents—1978 [A]. No classification marking.
149. Memorandum From the Chairman of the Interagency Committee on Public Diplomacy and Disarmament (Bray) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Agency File, Box 9, International Communication Agency: 9–12/78. Confidential. Aaron, signing for Brzezinski, sent the memorandum to Vance, Brown, McIntyre, Warnke, and Reinhardt under a September 15 covering memorandum, indicating that the report constituted the final report of the Interagency Committee. Aaron requested the addressees to submit comments and approval of the report to the NSC no later than September 25. (Ibid.)
150. Letter From the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt) to all ICA Public Affairs Officers
Source: National Archives, RG 306, USIA Historical Collection, Office of the Director, Biographic Files Relating to USIA Directors and Other Senior Officials, 1953–2000, Entry A–1 1069, Box 23, John E. Reinhardt, Speeches, 1977–1978. No classification marking. Copies were sent to all country PAOs.