Public Diplomacy
91. Memorandum From the Associate Press Secretary (Schecter) to the Acting Director for International Affairs, Office of Management and Budget (Hirschhorn)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Agency File, Box 9, International Communication Agency: 8/77–2/78. No classification marking.
92. Action Memorandum From the Deputy Director for Policy and Plans, United States Information Agency (Schneidman) to the Deputy Director (Bray)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of the Director, Executive Secretariat, Secretariat Staff, Correspondence Files, 1973–1980, Entry P–104, Box 141, 7704140–7704149. No classification marking. A copy was sent to Reinhardt. Bray and Liu initialed the memorandum, indicating that they saw it. Attached but not printed is an undated attachment entitled “Individuals Consulted in Preparing Recommendations.” In an October 14 memorandum to Schneidman, Bray stated: “I have read your memorandum of October 5 with interest. It represents a careful and thoughtful piece of research. Please proceed vigorously and in a catalytic manner.” (Ibid.)
93. Message to the Congress
Source: Public Papers: Carter, 1977, Book II, pp. 1765–1767. The message is Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1977 (91 Stat. 1636), prepared by the President and transmitted to the Senate and the House of Representatives, pursuant to the provisions of chapter 9 of title 5 of the United States Code. For information concerning an October 11 press conference, at which McInytre and other OMB officials discussed several aspects of the reorganization plan, see Charles Mohr, “President Seeking To Merge U.S.I.A. And Cultural Unit,” The New York Times, October 12, 1977, p. 29 and Edward Walsh, “Senators Hold ‛Frank, Candid’ Session With Carter on Panama Canal Treaties,” The Washington Post, October 12, 1977, p. A2.
94. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Reinhardt) to all USIA Employees
Source: National Archives, RG 306, USIA Historical Collection, Subject Files, 1953–2000, Entry A–1 1066, Box 43, United States International Communications Agency Reorganization, 1977–1978. No classification marking. Distributed to all USIA employees in the United States and overseas.
95. Letter From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Reinhardt) to all USIA Public Affairs Officers
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of the Director, Executive Secretariat, Secretariat Staff, Correspondence Files, 1973–1980, Entry P–104, Box 140, 7704100–7704109. No classification marking. Distributed to all heads of offices and services and overseas supervisory level employees. Alan Carter sent the letter to Reinhardt through Schneidman under an October 3 cover memorandum. In it, Carter explained that the letter “is the draft of the first of the two PAO letters for the Director’s signature” noting that it “is an attempt to clarify the intent of the Country Plan guidelines.” (Ibid.)
96. Paper Prepared in the Office of Research, United States Information Agency
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of the Director, Executive Secretariat, Secretariat Staff, Correspondence Files, 1973–1980, Entry P–104, Box 141, 7704210–7704219. No classification marking. Engle sent a copy of the memorandum to Cohen under an October 12 memorandum. In it, Engle stated, “The attached paper summarizes what we have been able to pull together about government utilization of foreign affairs research. Leo Crespi has been a major source of information about past instances of utilization and Jim Halsema has done the basic work of pulling his and other information together in this paper.” (Ibid.)
97. Memorandum From the Deputy Director of the United States Information Agency (Bray) to the Acting Assistant Director, Europe (Scanlan)
Source: University of Arkansas Libraries, Special Collections Division, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs Historical Collection (CU), MC 468, Group I, CU Organization and Administration, Series 5: CU Reorganization 1978: CU–USIA Liaison, Box 27, USIA—General, 1976–1978 [1 of 2], folder 12. No classification marking. Copies were sent to Schneidman, Vest, and Hitchcock. Bray sent a copy of the memorandum to Hitchcock under an October 14 handwritten note. In it, Bray commented, “The attached is self-explanatory. It offers at least a potential for inter-institutional cooperation at a moment when friction abounds.” An additional notation in an unknown hand on Bray’s note, dated October 20, reads: “Mr. Roth—Mr. Hitchcock wants your attention called to point 1. of Mr. Bray’s note. MM.”
98. Memorandum From Robert Pastor of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, White House Central Files, Subject File, Foreign Affairs, Information-Exchange Activities-Educational, Executive, Box FO–35, FO 5–1 1/20/77–5/31/78. No classification marking. Sent for action. Copies were sent to Butler, Thornton, Erb, and Owen. Inderfurth and Dodson initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum. Brzezinski drew an arrow on the first page of the memorandum pointing at Pastor’s name in the “from” line. Also in the folder is an October 26 memorandum from Thornton to Brzezinski, in which Thornton endorsed Pastor’s proposal and referenced the CU study: “The critique from State/CU is correct in its own terms but those terms just are not relevant. This would be a political act, not primarily an attempt to make a major educational impact on a country. There would have to be special selection procedures and the like—and CU should have nothing to do with them. Probably the selection should be made with minimal US input (just enough to ensure that the recipients were not children of cabinet ministers!). The relevant model is the Rhodes scholarship—although we should avoid any attempt to duplicate that unique institution.” (Ibid.)
99. Telegram From the Department of State to Multiple Diplomatic and Consular Posts
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D770393–0913. Unclassified; Immediate. Sent immediate to all European diplomatic posts, Bangkok, Bogota, Brasilia, Buenos Aires, Canberra, Colombo, Islamabad, Kabul, Kathmandu, Kuala Lumpur, Lima, Manila, Monrovia, Montevideo, New Delhi, Quito, Santiago, Seoul, Taipei, Tehran, Tel Aviv, Tokyo, and Wellington. Also sent to Bern, Berlin, Bucharest, Budapest, Luxembourg, Moscow, Ottawa, Prague, Sofia, USNATO, the Mission in Berlin, Valletta, and Warsaw. Drafted by Straus; cleared by Hitchcock, Roth, Vogel, Cohen, Hirschhorn, and Mason; approved by Read.
100. Memorandum From the Acting Director of the Office of Management and Budget (McIntyre) to President Carter
Source: Carter Library, White House Central Files, Subject File, Federal Government, Agency for International Communications (Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1977, 10/11/77), Box FG–236, FG 999–7 1/20/77–1/20/81. No classification marking. McIntyre sent the memorandum to the President under an October 31 covering memorandum on the President’s Reorganization Project letterhead, commenting that both Vance and Brzezinski had suggested alternative names for the new agency. McIntyre, noting that any proposed amendments had to be transmitted to the House by November 1, stated that “we must act quickly if you decide against our proposal of ‛Agency for International Understanding.’ (Ibid.) Hutcheson sent copies of both memoranda to Eizenstat, Brzezinski, and Pettigrew under an October 31 memorandum, requesting comments on McIntyre’s memoranda by 9 a.m. on November 1. (Ibid)
101. Preliminary Report Prepared in the Office of Research, United States Information Agency
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, North/South Thornton Files, Subject Files, Box 101, North/South: Public Opinion in Less Developed Countries, 11/77. No classification marking. Bray sent a copy of the report to Thornton under a November 14 memorandum, noting that the report constituted the “first results” of USIA’s efforts in “canvass[ing] our public affairs officers to get a reading on opinion in the less developed countries concerning North-South issues.” (Ibid.) Another copy of the preliminary report, designated as USIA Research Memorandum M–7–77, and an unsigned and undated copy of Bray’s memorandum are in the National Archives, RG 306, Office of Research and Media Reaction, Research Memoranda, 1963–1999, Entry P–64, Box 35, M–7–77.
102. Memorandum From the Assistant Director, Latin America, United States Information Agency (Chatten) to the Deputy Director (Bray)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of the Director, Executive Secretariat, Secretariat Staff, Correspondence Files, 1973–1980, Entry P–104, Box 146, 7704660–7704669. Limited Official Use. Copies were sent to Reinhardt and IOP. Bray and Liu initialed the memorandum, indicating that they saw it. In an undated note to Chatten, Bray commented, “Very interesting. Suggest distribution to other areas and D/HA, Derian. Will you be following thru on basic ideas? CB.” A notation in an unknown hand on the note reads, “11/14 Delivered orig. of note & memo to ILA.” (Ibid.)
103. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Reinhardt) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Agency File, Box 9, International Communication Agency: 8/77–2/78. No classification marking. Brzezinski wrote Schecter’s initials in the top right-hand corner of the memorandum. Brzezinski sent a copy of the memorandum to Schecter under a November 10 note. (Ibid.)
104. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Reinhardt) to the Deputy Secretary of State (Christopher)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Associate Directorate for Programs, Subject Files of Basic Operating Documents, 1969–1982, Entry P–100, Basic Documents—1977 [C]. No classification marking. Printed from an unsigned copy. Drafted by Alan Carter and Thurber; edited by Reinhardt.
105. Memorandum From the Under Secretary of State for Management (Read) to the Deputy Secretary of State (Christopher)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of the Director, Executive Secretariat, Secretariat Staff, Correspondence Files, 1973–1980, Entry P–104, Box 149, 7705080–7705089. No classification marking. Printed from an uninitialed copy. Drafted by M. Mercurio (M/MO) on November 18; cleared by Blair, Trattner, and R. Burns (M/MO). Read sent a copy of the memorandum, in addition to a copy of Reinhardt’s November 18 memorandum (see Document 104), to Reinhardt and Hodding Carter under a December 7 memorandum, indicating that Christopher had “asked that each of you designate members of a small working group to review the situation and to make recommendations about how to achieve more effective coordination.” (Ibid.) Miller sent copies of all three memoranda to Modic under a December 12 memorandum, characterizing the documents as “background papers on the working group on day-to-day policy coordination with the Department of State.” (Ibid.)
106. Memorandum From the Deputy Director of the United States Information Agency (Bray) to the Associate Director for Planning and Program Direction (Schneidman)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of Research, Special Reports, 1953–1997, Entry P–160, Box 38, S–24–77. No classification marking. For the Office of Planning and Program Direction’s response, in the form of a research report, see Document 115.
107. Memorandum From Jessica Tuchman of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Brzezinski Office File, Subject Chron File, Box 94, Human Rights: 1977. No classification marking. Sent for action. Also printed in Foreign Relations, 1977–1980, vol. II, Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs, Document 89.
108. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski) to the Director of the United States Information Agency (Reinhardt)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Brzezinski Office File, Subject Chron File, Box 94, Human Rights: 1977. No classification marking. A typewritten notation at the end of the memorandum indicates that it was dispatched on November 25.
109. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Reinhardt) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of the Director, Executive Secretariat, Secretariat Staff, Correspondence Files, 1973–1980, Entry P–104, Box 148, 7704910–7704919. No classification marking. All brackets are in the original. A notation in an unknown hand reads, “11/29 handcarried.”
110. Memorandum From the Deputy Director of the United States Information Agency (Bray) to the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Lake)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of the Director, Executive Secretariat, Secretariat Staff, Correspondence Files, 1973–1980, Entry P–104, Box 149, 7705070–7705079. No classification marking. Another copy of the memorandum indicates that it was drafted by Alan Carter, edited by Bray, and cleared in draft by Schneidman. (Ibid.) According to Read’s December 28 memorandum to Christopher (see Document 118)S/P and USIA subsequently agreed that USIA would assign officers on non-reimbursable detail to S/P.
111. Telegram From the Embassy in Italy to the Department of State
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D770447–1046. Limited Official Use; Immediate. Sent for information Immediate to Bonn, Brussels, London, Paris, and USNATO.
112. Memorandum Prepared in the United States Information Agency
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Horn/Special (Henze), Box 1, Chron File: 12/77. No classification indicated. Reinhardt sent a copy of the memorandum to Henze under a December 2 note. Henze sent both the memorandum and Reinhardt’s note to Aaron under a December 5 note, stating: “John Reinhardt has sent over a short piece explaining his request for more money for educational and leader-grant exchange, over and above what State originally included in the CU budget. I think it is well justified and suggest you support it if any questions arise during the President’s review today [December 6].” (Ibid.)
113. Research Note Prepared in the United States Information Agency
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of Research, Foreign Opinion Notes, 1973–1989, Entry P–118, Box 1, N–11–77. Limited Official Use. The International Communication Agency prepared a final report on the “Photography-USA” exhibit, based on field reporting and interviews of exhibit staffers. The June 1, 1978, research report (N–2–78), entitled “Summary of ‛Photography-USA’ Exhibit Experience in the USSR,” is in the National Archives, RG 306, Office of Research, Foreign Opinion Notes, 1973–1989, Entry P–118, Box 2, N–2–78.
114. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Reinhardt) to all USIA Domestic and Overseas Personnel
Source: National Archives, RG 306, USIA Historical Collection, Subject Files, 1953–2000, Entry A–1 1066, Box 43, United States International Communications Agency Reorganization, 1977–1978. No classification marking. On December 20, The Washington Post reported that the President intended to nominate Reinhardt as Director of the new International Communication Agency. (“Communications Choice Reported,” p. A9)
115. Research Report Prepared in the Office of Research, Office of Planning and Program Direction, United States Information Agency
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of Research, Special Reports, 1953–1997, Entry P–160, Box 37, S–13–77. No classification marking. Engle sent a copy of the memorandum to Bray through Alan Carter under a December 19 covering action memorandum, in which he noted: “It will be apparent from our paper that we have had difficulty making a bridge from the observable things research has measured (demographics, attitudes, and behavior of audiences) to the intangible qualities of intellectual capacity, curiosity, and play of ideas which we were asked to address. I do not feel we have fully succeeded, but this product represents our best effort in the time available. I hope it is useful.” (Ibid.)
116. Memorandum to the Files
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of the Director, Executive Secretariat, Secretariat Staff, Correspondence Files, 1973–1980, Entry P–104, Box 151, 7705210–7705219. No classification marking. Drafted by Darrell Carter (I/R) on December 20. Copies were sent to Reinhardt, Schneidman, Glass, Silverman, Nalle, and Morton Smith. Reinhardt and Miller initialed the memorandum, indicating that they saw it.
117. Paper Prepared in the Office of Research, Office of Planning and Program Direction, United States Information Agency
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of Research, Foreign Opinion Notes, 1973–1989, Entry P–118, Box 1, N–1977 Foreign Elite Perceptions of American Culture, 12/27/77. No classification marking.
118. Action Memorandum From the Under Secretary of State for Management (Read) to Acting Secretary of State Christopher
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P780040–2606. No classification marking. Drafted by Read and Mason. Printed from an uninitialed copy. A typed notation in the top right-hand corner of the memorandum reads: “PLEASE TREAT AS ORIGINAL OF MEMO.”
119. Memorandum From Robert Pastor of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, White House Central Files, Subject File, Foreign Affairs, Information-Exchange Activities-Education, Executive, Box FO–35, FO 5–1 1/20/77–5/31/78. No classification marking. Sent for action. Pastor signed “Bob” next to his name in the “from” line. Inderfurth initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum.
120. Address by the Director of the United States Information Agency (Reinhardt)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, USIA Historical Collection, Subject Files, 1953–2000, Entry A–1 1066, Box 43, United States International Communication Agency, Reorganization, 1977–1981. No classification marking. Reinhardt made these remarks before senior agency officials. The transcript was distributed to agency employees under an undated cover page entitled “Announcement of Structure of International Communication Agency.”