Public Diplomacy
151. Telegram From the Department of State to Multiple Diplomatic and Consular Posts
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D780392–0473. Confidential; Immediate; Exdis. Sent to Amman, Beirut, Cairo, Damascus, Jidda, Manama, Sana, Tehran, Abu Dhabi, the Interests Section in Baghdad, Doha, Kuwait, Dhahran, Tunis, Tripoli, Rabat, Algiers, Jerusalem, and Tel Aviv. Drafted in NEA/P; cleared in ICA/NEA and S/S–O and in ICA for information; approved by Saunders. On September 29, telegram 244085 to multiple posts was repeated to USUN, and, on October 3, it was repeated to the Joint Chiefs of Staff J–5 Directorate. (Ibid.) In his memoirs, Vance stated: “I had realized after my trip to Saudi Arabia and Jordan in September that we would have to conduct a major informational effort in the Arab countries to explain what Camp David really involved. I asked the International Communications Agency and Hal Saunders to propose ways of getting across the message that whatever Begin might now be saying, Camp David was a significant advance from the original self-rule proposal.” (Vance, Hard Choices, p. 237)
152. Telegram From the Liaison Office in China to the International Communication Agency
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D780405–0724. Confidential; Immediate. Sent for information to the Department of State.
153. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski) to the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt), Secretary of State Vance, Secretary of Defense Brown, the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (McIntyre), and the Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (Warnke)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Agency File, Box 9, International Communication Agency: 9–12/78. Confidential. Putnam sent the memorandum to Brzezinski under an October 13 memorandum, requesting that he sign the directive. (Ibid.)
154. Letter From the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt) to all ICA Public Affairs Officers
Source: National Archives, RG 306, USIA Historical Collection, Subject Files, 1953–2000, Entry A–1 1066, Box 44, United States International Communication Agency, Reorganization, 1977–1978. No classification marking. Sent to all country PAOs.
155. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski) to President Carter
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Agency File, Box 9, International Communication Agency: 9–12/78. No classification marking. Sent for action. Carter initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum, indicating that he saw it. Dodson sent a copy of the memorandum to Reinhardt under a November 2 memorandum, indicating that Carter had reviewed Reinhardt’s October 5 memorandum (attached and printed as Tab A) and “pronounced it ‛Good.’” She also noted that the President had approved Brzezinski’s recommendation in his October 24 memorandum that “steps be taken to reverse” the decline in funding for exchange programs. Dodson concluded, “The NSC Staff is ready to assist you in developing plans for expansion of exchange programs and in securing Congressional approval for them.” (Ibid.) An earlier draft of Brzezinski’s memorandum to the President, with Brzezinski’s handwritten notations, is ibid. An NSC Correspondence Profile, attached to the October 24 memorandum, indicates that the original copy of Reinhardt’s memorandum was sent directly to Henze, that Brzezinski transmitted a copy of Reinhardt’s memorandum and his memorandum to the President on October 24, and that Carter approved the recommendation on October 31. (Ibid.)
156. Telegram From the International Communication Agency to all ICA Principal Posts
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, North/South Pastor Files, Subject Files, Box 56, Humphrey Scholarship Program: 6–12/78. Unclassified. All brackets are in the original. Sent for information only to Geneva for USIO; sent to Brussels with a request to pass to USEC; sent for information only to USNATO. Drafted by Richard Straus on November 1; cleared in draft by Pastor, Bloch, Olason, Nichols, Richmond, Curtiss, and Schneidman; approved by Nalle. The telegram does not have a transmission time or a telegram number.
157. Telegram From the Department of State to all Diplomatic Posts
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D780451–0939. Confidential; Stadis. Drafted by Kreisberg; cleared by Trattner; approved by Christopher.
158. Statement by the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt) Before the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization
Source: Department of State Bulletin, February 1979, pp. 50–54. All brackets are in the original. Reinhardt’s statement is entitled “UNITED NATIONS: The Challenge for Communications Development.” The 20th UNESCO General Conference took place from October 24 until November 28. The records of the 20th session—Records of the General Conference, Twentieth Session Paris, 24 October to 28 November 1978—are printed in three volumes: Resolutions, Reports, and Proceedings. (Paris: UNESCO, 1979) In telegram 35811 from Paris, October 30, the Embassy transmitted the full text of Reinhardt’s statement, requesting inter-agency comments and clearance. (National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, [no film number])
159. Memorandum From the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt) to President Carter
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Office of the Deputy Secretary: Records of Warren Christopher, 1977–1980: Lot 81D113, Box 18, Memoranda to the Secretary–1978. No classification marking. The date on the memorandum is stamped. Christopher sent a copy of the memorandum to Vance under a December 13 memorandum, noting: “John Reinhardt wants you to be generally aware of his proposal to the President for an expanded ICA exchanges program, in case the President refers to it in conversation with you. You will recall that the President, at Zbig’s suggestion, endorsed the idea of such an expansion to recoup the decline in constant-dollar funding of these programs over the past decade. I attach John’s memo to the President on the subject.” (Ibid.)
160. Memorandum From Paul Henze of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, White House Central Files, Subject File, Foreign Affairs, Information-Exchange Activities, Executive, Box FO–35, FO 5 7/1/78–1/20/81. No classification marking. Sent for action. Aaron wrote “ok” and his initials on the memorandum.
161. Memorandum From the Special Assistant to the President for Media and Public Affairs (Jagoda) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, Donated Historical Material, Barry Jagoda, Box 3, NSC. No classification marking. A copy was sent to Aaron. There is no indication that Brzezinski saw the memorandum.
162. Memorandum From the Director of the Office of Research and Evaluation, Directorate for Programs, International Communication Agency (Burnett) to the Director (Reinhardt)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of Research, Foreign Opinion Notes, 1973–1989, Entry P–188, Box 2, N–2–79. No classification marking. Drafted by J. McGregor (PGM/REU). The memorandum is Foreign Opinion Note Number 2.
163. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski) to the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Agency File, Box 9, International Communication Agency: 1–5/79. Confidential. In a February 6 memorandum to Brzezinski, Henze noted that Vance had indicated, within his Evening Report to the President, that the International Communication Agency would begin Persian broadcasting “in about six weeks” and that the President had expressed “impatience” about the delay. Henze attached a draft memorandum addressed to both Vance and Reinhardt, tasking the Department and ICA “with a review of language-priorities and trouble-spots.” (Ibid.) Brzezinski wrote “redo” on the draft memorandum; it was retyped to address only Reinhardt. Henze’s memorandum is printed in Foreign Relations, 1977–1980, vol. XX, Eastern Europe, Document 61.
164. Memorandum From the Executive Secretary of the Department of State (Tarnoff) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P790129–0993. Secret; Treat as Nodis.
165. Memorandum From the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Agency File, Box 9, International Communication Agency: 1–5/79. No classification marking.
166. Memorandum From Michel Oksenberg of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Agency File, Box 9, International Communication Agency: 1–5/79. Confidential. Sent for action. Inderfurth initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum. Notations in an unknown hand read: “Retyped 3/9” and “see fixer.”
167. Memorandum From the President’s Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs (Aaron) to the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Agency File, Box 9, International Communication Agency: 1–5/79. Confidential.
168. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski) to Secretary of State Vance, Secretary of Defense Brown, Director of Central Intelligence Turner, and the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt)
Source: Carter Library, White House Central Files, Subject File, Federal Government, International Communication Agency, Executive, Box FG–218, FG 298 1/1/79–5/31/80. No classification marking. Executive Order 12054, which the President issued on April 21, 1978, established the President’s Commission on Foreign Language and International Studies. For the text, see Public Papers: Carter, 1978, Book I, pp. 766–767.
169. Memorandum From the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt) to Secretary of State Vance and the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Agency File, Box 9, International Communication Agency: 1–5/79. No classification marking. A stamped notation indicates that Brzezinski saw it.
170. Memorandum From the Director for North African, Near East, and South Asian Affairs, International Communication Agency (Curran) to William Quandt of the National Security Council Staff
Source: Carter Library, White House Central Files, Subject File, Foreign Affairs, Publicity International, Box FO–38, FO 5–3 4/1/79–9/30/79. No classification marking. Curran wrote “Ted” next to his name in the “from” line. Quandt sent a copy of the memorandum to Aaron under a May 1 covering memorandum, in which he stated: “By pushing ICA periodically, we can expect to see them do more in the future.” Aaron’s handwritten notations on the covering memorandum read: “Very good. Keep it up.” According to a notation on the covering memorandum in an unknown hand, copies were also sent to Thornton and Henze. (Ibid.) An attached NSC Correspondence Profile indicates that Aaron noted the memorandum on May 3. (Ibid.)
171. Letter From Paul Henze of the National Security Council Staff to the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Agency File, Box 9, International Communication Agency: 1–5/79. Confidential. Copies were sent to Vance and McIntyre. Also printed in Foreign Relations, 1977–1980, vol. XX, Eastern Europe, Document 63. Under cover of a June 1 memorandum to Brzezinski, Henze transmitted copies of the two ICA studies requested by Brzezinski in February. Within the memorandum, Henze summarized the studies and recommended that Brzezinski sign an attached letter to Reinhardt addressing several questions raised by the report. Also attached to the June 1 memorandum is a June 4 memorandum from Thornton to Brzezinski commenting on Henze’s memorandum and providing comments related to South Asian broadcasting. (Ibid.) Gates, in a June 5 memorandum to Henze, commented that Henze’s “package seems very detailed for Zbig to both read and act upon,” especially in the context of Brzezinski and Aaron preparing for the upcoming summit meetings. Gates wondered if it would be “bureaucratically feasible” for Henze to resolve any issues with Reinhardt directly rather than engaging Brzezinski. (Ibid.)
172. Memorandum From the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt) to the Associate Director for Programs (Schneidman)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Associate Directorate for Programs, Subject Files of Basic Operating Documents, 1969–1982, Entry P–100, Basic Documents—1979. No classification marking.
173. Action Memorandum From the Associate Director for Educational and Cultural Affairs, International Communication Agency (Ilchman) to the Director (Reinhardt)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, USIA Historical Collection, Subject Files, 1953–2000, Entry A–1 1066, Box 52, Educational Exchanges, Educational and Cultural Affairs, 1978–1981. No classification marking. Drafted by Inman. The date on the memorandum is stamped. There is no indication that Reinhardt saw the memorandum. Nalle initialed the memorandum, indicating that he saw it.
174. Memorandum From the Associate Director for Programs, International Communication Agency (Schneidman) to the Director (Reinhardt)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Associate Directorate for Programs, Subject Files of Basic Operating Documents, 1969–1982, Entry P–100, Basic Documents—1979. No classification marking. Printed from an unsigned and uninitialed copy. Copies were sent to Bray and Cohen.
175. Memorandum From the Associate Director for Educational and Cultural Affairs, International Communication Agency (Ilchman) to the Director (Reinhardt)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, USIA Historical Collection, Subject Files, 1953–2000, Entry A–1 1066, Box 52, Educational Exchanges, Educational and Cultural Affairs, 1978–1981. No classification marking. Drafted by Ilchman. The date on the memorandum is stamped. Printed from an unsigned and uninitialed copy. Nalle initialed the memorandum, indicating that he saw it.
176. Memorandum From the Associate Director for Programs (Schneidman) and the Director of the Press and Publications Service, Associate Directorate for Programs (Winkler), International Communication Agency to the Executive Assistant to the Director (Cohen)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Associate Directorate for Programs, Subject Files of Basic Operating Documents, 1969–1982, Entry P–100, Basic Documents—1979. No classification marking. Attached to the memorandum is a July 26 note to Schneidman from Siemien, in which she wrote: “This accords with the Director’s understanding. Once outstanding decisions are made, you will want to incorporate all decisions in materials being prepared for Washington and overseas distribution.” (Ibid.)
177. Memorandum From the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt) to the Associate Director for Programs (Schneidman) and the Director of the Press and Publications Service, Associate Directorate for Programs (Winkler)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Associate Directorate for Programs, Subject Files of Basic Operating Documents, 1969–1982, Entry P–100, Basic Documents—1979. No classification marking. Schneideman wrote “File—Important HS” in the top right-hand corner of the first page of the memorandum.
178. Letter From the Director of the International Communication Agency (Reinhardt) to all ICA Public Affairs Officers
Source: National Archives, RG 306, USIA Historical Collection, Office of the Director, Biographic Files Relating to USIA Directors and Other Senior Officials, 1953–2000, Entry A–1 1069, Box 25, John E. Reinhardt, Speeches, 1978–1980. No classification marking. Sent to all country and branch PAOs, Associate Directors, and heads of Offices and Services.
179. Memorandum From Paul Henze of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Subject File, Box 9, Board for International Broadcasting (RFE, RL, VOA): 5/79–1/80. Confidential. Sent for action. Dodson initialed the memorandum. Also printed in Foreign Relations, 1977–1980, vol. XX, Eastern Europe, Document 64. An attached NSC Correspondence Profile indicates that Aaron made the decision. August 21 and that a copy of the memorandum was sent to Henze. (Ibid.)
180. Memorandum From Paul Henze of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Subject File, Box 9, Board for International Broadcasting (RFE, RL, VOA): 5/79–1/80. Confidential. Sent for information. Copies were sent to Brement and Larabee. An attached note in an unknown hand indicates that the copies were delivered on August 17. (Ibid.) An attached NSC Correspondence Profile indicates that Brzezinski “noted” the memorandum on August 20. (Ibid.)