Index

References are to document numbers

  • Aaron, David, 216
  • Abrams, Gen. Creighton W., 189
  • Adair, E. Ross, 24
  • Aden, 98
  • Ad Hoc Interdepartmental Working Group on Defense Strategy, Forces, and Budgets, 192
  • Ad Hoc Panel on Ballistic Missile Defense, 118
  • Advanced manned strategic aircraft (AMSA), 6, 100, 112
  • Afghanistan, 82
  • Agency for International Development (AID), 45
  • Agnew, Spiro T., 6, 9, 34, 158
    • ABM decision, 24
    • Balance of power, 7
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 103, 104, 128
    • Defense budget, 146, 153, 155, 191, 195
    • Defense Program Review Committee, 55
    • Draft reform, 133, 135
    • Missile defense alternatives, 14, 16
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 25, 121
    • Sino-Soviet dispute, 62
    • Soviet strategic forces assessment, 179
    • Strategic policy issues, 5, 7, 8
    • U.S. military posture, 48, 56
  • Agreements, international:
    • British draft agreement on banning of biological weapons, 97, 102, 104, 122, 127
    • Geneva Protocol (1925), 95, 97, 99, 102, 104, 122, 127
    • Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation (1971), 191
    • Interim Agreement on Certain Measures with Respect to the Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms (1972), 211, 226
    • Seabed Treaty joint draft (1969), 78
    • Sino-Soviet river navigation agreement (Aug., 1969), 63
    • Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile Systems (1972), 211, 212, 226
  • Aiken, George, 24
  • Airborne Warning and Control Systems (AWACS), 52, 145, 152, 178, 192, 226
  • Aircraft carriers, 100, 107, 112, 132, 149, 152, 158, 165
  • Air defense, 151, 154, 165, 178
  • Air Force, U.S., 191
  • Airlift, 165
  • Air munitions for chemical warfare, 94
  • Air National Guard, 165
  • Albert, Carl, 24
  • Alert rates, 129
  • Allen, Capt. Charles, 219
  • Allende Gossens, Salvador, 165
  • Allison, Gen. Royal B., 168, 171
  • Allott, Gordon, 21, 24, 50, 146
  • All-volunteer armed forces. See under Draft reform.
  • American Council on Education, 133, 135
  • Amphibious assault capability, 192, 194
  • Anderson, George W. Jr., 210
  • Anderson, Rear Adm. H. H., 189
  • Anderson, Jack, 206
  • Anderson, John B., 24, 50, 146
  • Anderson, Martin, 133, 135
  • Anti-ballistic missiles (ABMs) (see also Safeguard missile defense system; Sentinel missile defense system):
    • Budget cuts for, 152
    • Decision on:
      • Congressional discussion on, 21, 23, 24
      • Making of, 24, 25
      • SALT and, 19, 20
      • Timing for, 22, 23
    • As Defense option, 4
    • First strike capability and, 8
    • French-U.S. talks on, 13
    • Japanese position, 124
    • For Minuteman protection, 6, 7, 14, 18
    • Radar for, 108
    • Soviet, 5, 7, 178, 186, 197, 226
    • Treaty on limitation of, 211, 212, 226
    • Vietnam War effect on debate over, 25
  • Anti-satellite weapons systems, 52, 178, 197, 226
  • Anti-submarine warfare (ASW), 14, 105, 149, 152, 165, 178, 182, 194, 208, 226
  • Anti-tank weapons, 184
  • Anti-war groups, 135
  • Anti-war propaganda, 131, 132
  • Arab-Israeli War (1967), 149
  • Arab-Israeli War (1973), 59
  • Archer, Col. Robert, 189
  • Arends, Leslie C., 24, 50, 146
  • Armacost, Michael, 219
  • Arms control, 4, 7
  • Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (ACDA):
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 127
    • Civil defense, 222
    • Defense budget, 47
    • Rules of engagement for use of tear gas, 99
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 116, 118, 125, 167
    • Soviet version of, 216
  • Army, United States, 136, 150, 187, 188, 191
  • Army Ballistic Missile Defense Agency (ABMDA), 118
  • Artsimovich, Prof., 66
  • Asia:
    • Conventional Communist threats in, 189
    • NATO defense and war in, 152, 218, 219
    • Strategy and forces in, 202, 219
    • U.S. forces in, 45, 192, 202
    • U.S. nuclear policy for, 42, 123, 181, 189, 202, 218, 219
    • U.S. response to nuclear attack on, possible, 120, 218
    • U.S. withdrawal from, perception of, 191, 195, 202
    • Weapons systems for use in, 98
  • Assured destruction, 32, 34, 129, 180, 204
  • Atlantic Ocean, 165, 192
  • Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), 107, 141, 196, 217, 222
  • Australia, 103, 218
  • Azores, 82
  • B–1A strategic bomber, 6, 100, 112
  • Babbitt, Capt. Franklin G., 38
  • Bahrain, 82
  • Baker, William O., 210
  • Balance of payments, 98, 195
  • Balance of power, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8, 32, 34, 198, 204
  • Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS), 14, 198
  • Balloons, 118
  • Baraz, Robert H., 66
  • Bardshar, Rear Adm. F. A., 76
  • Barnett, A. Doak, 124
  • Baroody, William J., Jr., 177
  • Bates, Col. James M., 97
  • Bates, William H., 24
  • Beecher, William G., Jr., 189
  • Belgium, 137
  • Berlin, 32, 145, 149, 152
  • Bethe, Hans A., 22
  • Binary nerve gases, 97
  • Biological warfare. See Chemical and biological warfare.
  • Birdt, Capt. George, 122
  • Blast shelters, 222
  • Boggs, Hale, 24
  • Bohlen, Charles E., 85
  • Bombers (see also Strategic forces):
  • Botulinum, 122
  • Bow, Frank T., 24, 146
  • Brands, Paul, 189, 202, 219
  • Brandt, Willy, 97
  • Brandwein, David, 43
  • Brehm, William K., 161
  • Brezhnev, Leonid, 210
  • Brooke, Edward W., 43, 50
  • Brown, Leslie H., 98, 149, 164, 181, 184, 189, 219
  • Buchanan, Patrick J., 24, 50
  • Buckley, Col. Jack L, 77
  • Buckley, James, 199
  • Budget, Bureau of, 47, 96, 107, 109, 132
  • Bulgaria, 92
  • Bunker, Ellsworth, 25
  • Burchinal, Gen. David, 78
  • Burke, Gerard P., 210
  • Burma, 189, 218
  • Burns, J. L., 137
  • Burrows, Brig. Gen. William, 189, 202
  • Butterfield, Alexander P., 33
  • BZ (hallucinogen), 94
  • C–5A transport aircraft, 107, 190
  • Cambodia, 58, 83, 174, 190, 218
  • Canada, 8, 32, 80, 82, 103, 137
  • Canal Zone, 82
  • Cargo, William I., 64, 68, 97, 122
  • Carter, Barry, 182
  • Case, Clifford P., 112
  • Ceaucescu, Nicolae, 59
  • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA):
    • Chinese People’s Republic nuclear tests, 67
    • Defense budget, 47
    • Intelligence capabilities against Chinese People’s Republic, 202
    • JCS readiness test, 89
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 117
    • Soviet air force standdown, 60
    • Soviet defense spending, 25
    • Soviet ICBM silo construction, 186
    • Soviet MIRV testing, 33, 50, 182
    • Soviet missile deployment numbers, 105
    • SS–9 testing, 159
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 219
  • Chaff, 52, 117, 118, 178
  • Chaffee, John, 153, 180
  • Chapin, Dwight, 150
  • Chapman, Gen. Leonard F., Jr., 49, 77, 90, 150, 191
  • Chemical and biological warfare (see also Geneva Protocol (1925)):
    • British draft agreement on banning of biological agents, 97, 102, 104, 122, 127
    • Canadian resolution in U.N. on, 103
    • Defense from, 94
    • Disposal of BW stocks, 104
    • Egyptian use of, 103
    • German Federal Republic stockpiles, 97, 99, 102, 104
    • JCS position, 97, 102, 103
    • Nerve agents, 94
    • No-first-use statement on, 97
    • Vs. Nuclear weapons, 103
    • R&D on, 97, 99, 103, 115, 122
    • Soviet capabilities for, 94, 165
    • Soviet draft agreement on banning of biological agents, 97
    • Use for humanitarian purposes of, 99
    • U.S. maintenance of capability in, 99, 102
    • U.S. policy on:
    • Vietnam, 58
  • Chile, 165, 191
  • China, People’s Republic of (see also Chinese People’s Republic subheadings under other subjects; Sino-Soviet dispute):
    • ABM systems as defense against missile threat from, 18, 23
    • Chemical incapacitants, 97
    • Cultural Revolution, 63, 174
    • ICBM force levels and deployment dates, 14, 120, 174, 181, 189
    • Irrational actions by, 18, 25
    • Japanese use of poisonous gas in, 97
    • Kissinger visit (Oct., 1971), 199
    • Korea invasion by, possible, 44, 48, 51, 181, 202
    • Large mounded strongpoints in, 153, 181, 202
    • Military forces at Soviet border, 153, 174
    • Nuclear capabilities of, 6, 34, 35, 218
    • Nuclear testing by, 67
    • Response to Soviet attack on West, possible, 45
    • Safeguard as defense against attack by, 32, 35, 108, 117, 118
    • Sentinel as defense against attack by, 4, 6, 14
    • Soviet destruction of nuclear facilities, possible, 61, 62, 63, 66
    • Soviet missile defense as focused on, 50, 52
    • Soviet Union, relations with, 61, 63, 189
    • Space program, 200
    • Strategic weapons program, 12, 57, 200
    • Targeting against threat to the United States, 181, 189
    • United States, relations with, 70
    • U.S. nuclear umbrella against threats by, 32, 42
    • U.S. strategic force capabilities against, 192, 194, 195, 216, 218
    • U.S. strategic policy alternatives toward, 204, 218
  • China, Republic of, 98, 181, 189, 191, 218
  • Chou En-lai (see Zhou Enlai )
  • Christie, John, 164, 206
  • Circular Error Probability, 31, 38, 40, 225
  • City-busting, 177
  • Civil defense:
    • As strategic defense capability, 192, 204
    • Decision for maintenance of, 223
    • R&D for, 222
    • Relative advantage in nuclear war, 216
    • Soviet, 94, 35, 36, 178, 204, 222
    • Study for, 28, 29
    • U.S. policy on, 222
  • Clarke, Bruce C., 204
    • Defense budget, 145, 158, 206
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184
    • Military manpower policy, 161
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 168
    • Strategic forces survivability, 182
    • Strategic policy after SALT, 216
    • U.S. military posture review, 177
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 181, 189
  • Clifford, Clark, 1
  • Cline, Ray, 186
  • Cole, Kenneth R., Jr., 188, 227
  • Collateral damage, 129
  • Colson, Charles W., 213, 214
  • Combat Operation Centers, 14
  • Conflict control, 129
  • Congress, Acts of:
    • Budget amendment (1973), 214, 220
    • Landrum-Griffin Act (1960), 21
    • Mansfield Amendment, 185, 195, 199
    • Military Selective Service Act (1967), 53, 133, 138, 139
    • National Defense Reorganization Act (1958), 21
    • P. L. 91–124, 53
    • P. L. 91–129, 185
    • Tax Reform Act (1969), 152
    • Uniform Services Special Pay Act, 229
    • War powers legislation, 213
  • Congress, U.S. (see also Congress, Acts of):
    • ABM decision, 21, 23, 24
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 103
    • Defense budget, 47, 51, 132, 149, 191, 221
    • Deterrence, 13
    • Diego Garcia bases, 153
    • Draft reform, 53, 54, 138, 139
    • Military manpower policy, 185
    • Negotiations with Communist bloc nations, 195
    • Poseidon modernization schedule, 100
    • President’s Annual Foreign Policy Review, 174
    • Republican leadership meetings with Nixon, 50
    • Safeguard missile defense system:
      • Approval of, 25, 117
      • Costs for, 118
      • Defense Department funding requests, 125
      • Land acquisition for, 109
      • Phase III, 167, 168, 172
      • Political strategies for, 116, 118
    • Sentinel missile defense system, 4
    • Soviet MIRV testing, 31
    • ULMS, 205, 207
    • U.S. military posture, 51, 56
  • Connally, John, 188, 199
  • Consolidated Cryptologic Plan (CCP), 165
  • Cooper, John Sherman, 21
  • Court, John C., 135
    • Asia strategy and forces, 202
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184, 190
    • Five-year defense plans, 158, 206
    • General purpose forces, 164
    • Military manpower policy, 161
    • U.S. military posture review, 177
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 181, 189
  • Couve de Murville, Maurice, 13
  • Cramer, William C., 50, 146
  • CRESTED CAP exercises, 165
  • Crisis stability, 34, 204
  • Cronkite, Walter, 25
  • Cruise missiles, 94
  • Cuba:
    • Defection of Air Force plane to Florida, 149, 206
    • Landing in New Orleans of plane from, 206
    • Missile crisis, 35, 37, 49, 145, 152
    • Soviet naval forces in, 174
    • As U.S. security threat, 165
  • Cultural Revolution, 63, 174
  • Cushman, Lt. Gen. Robert E., Jr.:
    • Asia strategy and forces, 202
    • Defense budget for 1972, 145
    • Soviet MIRV testing, 33
    • U.S. military posture, 35
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 181, 189
  • Cyanide gas, 94
  • Czechoslovakia, 13, 60, 68, 153, 165
  • Damage limitation, 4
  • Damansky Island, 63
  • Dam, Kenneth, 204
    • Asia strategy and forces, 202, 219
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 190
    • Five-year defense plans, 206
    • Strategic policy after SALT, 216
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 189
  • David, Edward E., Jr., 95, 223
    • Asia strategy and forces, 219
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184, 190
    • Five-year defense plans, 220
    • General Purpose Forces, 164
    • Military manpower policy, 161
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 168, 171
    • Strategic forces survivability, 182
    • Submarine alternatives, 207
  • Davidson, Maj. Gen. Phillip B., 224
  • Davies, Rodger P., 98
  • Davis, Jeanne W., 68, 97, 122, 168, 182
  • Davydov, Boris N., 63, 66
  • Dean, John W., III, 213
  • Defense Attaché System, 165
  • Defense budget of the United States:
    • All-volunteer armed forces, 138, 139, 152, 154, 203
    • Budget of 1964, 49, 191, 194
    • Budget of 1970, 47, 49, 165
    • Budget of 1971:
      • Deficits in, 184
      • Draft reform, 133
      • JCS position, 49
      • Long-range planning and, 56, 143
      • Personality clashes in formulation of, 111
      • Planning for, 96, 136
      • Safeguard missile defense system, 117
      • U.S. military posture and, 165
      • Vietnam war troop levels and, 100
    • Budget of 1972:
      • Alternatives for, 14, 152, 169
      • Deficits in, 184
      • DOD position, 146, 164, 166, 177
      • Draft reform, 132, 133
      • Foreign policy considerations for, 152
      • Long-range planning and, 143, 148, 154, 155, 158
      • Military manpower policy and, 161
      • Nixon-DOD meeting on, 153
      • Nixon-JCS meeting on, 150
      • NSC meetings on, 151
      • Safeguard missile defense system, 168, 169
      • San Clemente meetings on, 146
      • Supplemental request for, 205
      • U.S. military posture and, 145, 149, 165
    • Budget of 1973:
      • Acceptable levels for, 192
      • Amendment to, 214, 215
      • Decision on, 193, 203
      • Defense strategy, forces and, 192, 194, 195
      • DOD/JCS meeting with Nixon on, 191
      • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance for, 184, 190
      • Economic considerations for, 192
      • Long-range planning and, 206
      • Offsetting reductions to, 214
      • Processes for deciding on, 199, 201
      • Projected figures for, 184, 187, 188
      • Support costs, 194
      • ULMS funding, 205
    • Budget of 1974, 220, 221
    • Budget of 1976, 152
    • Deficits in, 143, 145, 148, 149, 151, 152
    • Domestic vs. defense spending, 143
    • Five year defense plans, 51, 56, 96, 130, 148, 152, 154, 155, 158, 190, 192, 206, 220
    • Guidelines for decisions on, 51
    • Guns vs. butter arguments, 221
    • Military posture options impact on, 45
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 100, 105, 107, 113, 117, 118, 168, 169
    • Selection of strategies and, 48
  • Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA):
    • Chinese People’s Republic as focus of Soviet missile defense, 50
    • JCS readiness test, 89, 93
    • Reductions in, 165
    • Soviet ICBM silo construction, 186
    • Soviet MIRV testing, 33
    • Soviet strategic missile capability, 40, 105
  • Defense planning, 98
  • Defense Program Review Committee (DPRC):
  • Defense, U.S. Department of (DOD):
  • Deferments, draft, 53, 54, 131, 133, 138
  • Defoliants, 95, 99
  • De Gaulle, Charles, 13
  • Denmark, 137
  • Denney, George C., Jr., 46, 63, 66
  • De Poix, Vice Adm. Vincent P., 224, 225, 226
  • Détente, 32, 225
  • Deterrence:
    • Assured destruction as, 129
    • Against Chinese People’s Republic, 218
    • Criteria for, 129
    • Goals in event of failure of, 204
    • In Limited strategic nuclear war, 129
    • Minimum, 6, 8, 178
    • Nixon Doctrine and, 174
    • Post-nuclear war relative advantage as, 216
    • Realistic, 179, 180, 229
    • Redundancy and, 32
    • Reliance on nuclear weapons for, 162, 204
    • Strategic, 6
    • Strategy for Peace plan as, 157, 162
    • U.S. policy on, 13, 49
    • Warfighting vs., 162
    • In Western Europe, 98
  • Diego Garcia, 98, 153
  • Dirksen, Everett McKinley, 21, 22, 24
  • Disarmament, 174, 195
  • Division Force Equivalents (DFEs), 219
  • Djibouti, 82
  • Dobrynin, Anatoly, 91, 169, 174
  • JCS readiness test, 69, 83, 84, 85
  • Dominance, 6, 8
  • Dominican Republic, 177
  • Draft reform (see also Military manpower policy):
  • Drell, Sidney D., 22
  • DuBridge, Lee A., 28, 29, 39
    • ABM decision, 23
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 103, 104, 115, 127, 128
    • Missile defense alternatives, 14, 22
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 118, 121, 124
  • Duck Hook, 83
  • Dulles, John Foster, 153
  • Eagleburger, Lawrence S., 204
  • Earle, Ralph, II, 4, 17
  • East Asia (see also individual countries), 98
  • East-West relations, 8
  • Egypt, 94, 103, 165, 191, 195
  • Ehrlichman, John, 21, 133
    • Defense budget, 132, 145, 188, 199, 220
    • Draft reform, 135
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 25
    • U.S. military posture reviews, 140, 147
  • Eighteen-nation Disarmament Conference, 19, 97, 102, 104, 122
  • Eisenhower, Dwight D., 25, 59, 177
  • Elder, Maj. Gen. John H., Jr., 158, 164, 204, 216
  • Electromagnetic pulse (EMP), 182
  • Electronic intelligence (ELINT), 5
  • Elliot, Theodore L., Jr., 79
  • Ellsworth, Robert F., 80, 135, 137
  • Enke, Stephen, 135
  • Equal security, 225
  • Europe (see also North Atlantic Treaty Organization):
    • Sustained defense strategy in, 45
    • Tactical nuclear weapons in, 216
    • U.S. force capabilities in, 192
    • U.S. force reduction in, 13, 185, 195, 199
    • U.S. military commitment to, 8
    • U.S. policy assumptions for defense planning in, 98
  • Executive Order 11527, 139
  • Fallout shelters, 222
  • Farley, Philip J., 20
    • Asia strategy and forces, 202
    • Chemical and biological warfare, JCS position, 103
    • Defense budget, 145, 149, 158
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184, 190
    • Missile defense alternatives, 14
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 107, 167, 168, 171
    • Strategic forces survivability, 182
    • Strategic policy issues, 4, 6
    • U.S. military posture reviews, 32, 177
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 181, 189, 218
  • Fazio, James, 88
  • Federal Aviation Agency, 45
  • Federal Reserve, 145, 152
  • Fighter planes:
  • Finch, Robert H., 28, 54, 133, 135
  • Firebar interceptors, 178
  • Firing on warning, 8
  • First strike capability, 8, 36, 99, 192
  • Fisher, Adrian S., 4
  • Flanigan, Peter M., 133
  • Flexible response doctrine, 174
  • Force structure, 45
  • Ford, Gerald R., 24, 50, 146
  • Foreign Affairs, 124
  • Foreign policy review, 174, 177, 204
  • Forward deployments, 192, 194
  • Foster, John S., Jr., 17, 109
  • Foxbat fighter (Soviet), 149, 165, 178, 191
  • Fractional Orbital Bombardment System, 7, 11, 14, 24, 38, 46, 198
  • France:
    • Conscription laws and reserve system in, 137
    • Force de frappe, 216
    • Nonparticipation in NATO, 165
    • Nuclear forces of, 177, 204
    • Strategic forces of, 45
    • U.S. nuclear talks with, 13
  • Freund, Maj. Gen. John F., 52
  • Froehlke, Robert F., 212
  • Fryklund, Verne Charles, Jr., 17
  • Fullbright, J. William, 13, 24, 213
  • Furnas, Howard E., 97, 122
  • G-agents, 94
  • Garthoff, Raymond, 168
  • Garwin, Richard L., 22
  • Gates, Thomas S., Jr., 131
  • Gates Commission, 131, 133, 135, 138
  • Gathright, Wreatham, 181
  • Gayler, Vice Adm. Noel, 46, 178
  • General Defense Intelligence Program, 165
  • General Purpose Forces, 45, 56, 151, 154, 158, 164, 165, 177, 192, 194, 218
  • General strategic alternatives, 204
  • General Strike Plan, 196
  • Geneva Protocol (1925), 95, 99, 102, 104, 122, 127
  • Germany, Federal Republic of:
    • Chemical weapons stockpiles in, 97, 99, 102, 104
    • Conscription laws and reserve system in, 137
    • JCS readiness test’s affect on, 82
    • Nazi use of chemical weapons, 103
    • Soviet invasion of, possible, 32
  • Glassboro Summit (June, 1967), 13
  • Goldberger, Marvin, 22
  • Goldwater, Barry, 199
  • Goodby, James E., 137
  • Goodpaster, Gen. Andrew, 76, 78, 80, 81
  • Gore, Albert D., Sr., 8
  • Gray, Gordon, 210
  • Greater Than Expected (GTE) threats, 18
  • Grechko, Gen. Andrei Antonovich, 216
  • Greece, 98, 137, 191
  • Green, Marshall, 62, 66, 98, 181
  • Griffin, Robert P., 50, 146
  • Gromyko, Andrei, 68
  • Ground munitions, 94
  • Guam, 181
  • Guam Doctrine, 98
  • Guantanamo, 165
  • Guhin, Michael, 97, 103, 115, 122, 222
  • Guthrie, D. Keith:
    • Defense budget, 145, 158
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184, 190
    • Military manpower policy, 161
    • Strategic forces survivability, 182
    • U.S. military posture review, 177
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 181
  • Hackett, James, 202, 206, 216, 220
  • Haig, Alexander M., 112, 170
    • Defense budget:
    • Draft reform, 185
    • JCS readiness test, 72, 74, 79, 80, 81, 82, 89, 92
    • MIRV ban in SALT treaty, 43
    • Missile defense alternatives, 16, 17
    • Sino-Soviet dispute, 62
    • Soviet MIRV testing, 30, 31, 33
    • Strategic policy issues, 4, 7
    • U.S. military posture, 35, 48, 136
    • Vietnam war potential actions, 58
    • War powers legislation, 213
  • Haldeman, H. R.Bob”:
    • ABM decision, 23
    • Defense budget, 150, 188
    • Duck Hook, 83
    • JCS readiness test, 80, 84
    • Kissinger as viewed by, 80
    • MIRV ban in SALT treaty, 43
    • Nixon as madman, 59
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 25, 173
  • Hallucinogens, 94
  • Halperin, Morton, 4, 32, 62
  • Hard Point defense systems, 106, 124, 125, 168
  • Hard Rock Silo program, 106
  • Hard-site defense, 167, 168
  • Harlfinger, Rear Adm. Frederick J., 178
  • Harlow, Bryce, 51, 103, 138
    • ABM decision, 21, 22
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 33, 116, 118, 125
    • Strategic policy issues, 5, 7
  • Harriman, W. Averell, 85
  • Hartman, Arthur, 32
  • Healey, Denis, 100
  • Hedging, 204
  • Heffner, Hubert, 177
  • Helicopters, 47
  • Helms, Richard M., 9, 34, 41, 105, 115, 117, 123, 169, 223
    • ABM decision, 24
    • Balance of power, 7
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 95, 102, 103, 104, 128
    • Civil defense, 28
    • Civil emergency preparedness, 29
    • Defense budget:
    • Defense Program Review Committee, 57, 130
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184, 190
    • Draft reform, 133, 135
    • Foreign policy review, 174
    • General purpose forces, 164
    • Intelligence community reorganization, 203
    • Missile defense alternatives, 14, 16
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 107, 118
    • Sino-Soviet dispute, 62, 63
    • Soviet forces for intercontinental attack, 160
    • Soviet ICBM silo construction, 186
    • Soviet MIRV testing, 30, 31, 33
    • Soviet strategic forces assessment, 36, 179
    • SS–9 testing, 159
    • Strategic forces survivability, 156, 182
    • Strategic policy issues, 5, 7, 8
    • U.S. military posture:
      • Decisions on strategy and budgets, 56, 96, 100
      • Reviews of, 10, 48, 177
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 42, 181, 202, 218, 219
    • U.S. strategy and projection forces review, 209
  • Herbicides, 97, 99, 102, 103, 104
  • Herbst, Roland F., 43
  • Hershey, Gen. Lewis B., 54, 133, 135, 139
  • High explosive (HE) minefields, 94
  • Hillenbrand, Martin, 19, 98, 137, 149
  • Ho Chi Minh, 59
  • Ho Chi Minh Trail, 174
  • Hoff, Joan, 59
  • Holdridge, John H., 64, 66, 68, 181, 189, 202
  • Holifield, Chet, 24
  • Holloway, Gen. Bruce K., 76
  • Holmes, Adm. Ephrain, 76
  • Hosmer, Craig, 24
  • House of Representatives, U.S.:
    • ABM decision, 21
    • Armed Services Committee, 18, 125, 173
    • Defense Budget of 1972, 184
    • Draft extension, 185
    • Foreign Affairs Committee, 222
    • Military manpower policy, 185
  • Hughes, Thomas L., 38
  • Hyland, William, 66, 70
  • Iceland, 82, 137
  • Ifft, Edward, 43
  • Incapacitants, 94
  • Incendiary weapons, 94
  • India, 68, 191, 202
  • Indian Ocean, 191
  • Indonesia, 98, 218
  • Indo-Pakistan crisis (1971), 59
  • Indo-Soviet Treaty of Peace, Friendship and Cooperation (1971), 191
  • Inflation, 145, 220
  • Initial operational capability (IOC), 12
  • Intelligence, 165, 203, 206
  • Intelligence gap, 33, 35
  • Interagency Military Posture Review, 6, 9, 45, 68
  • Interdepartmental Political-Military Group in Response to NSSM 59, 99, 102, 115, 122
  • Interest rates, 145
  • Irwin, John N., II:
    • Defense budget, 158, 195, 206, 220
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184
    • Foreign policy review, 174
    • General purpose forces, 164
    • Military manpower policy, 161, 184
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 166, 167, 168, 171
    • Strategic forces survivability, 156, 182
    • U.S. military posture review, 177
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 181, 189, 202, 218
  • Israel, 50, 59, 98, 149, 174
  • Italy, 103, 137
  • Izvestia, 66
  • Jackson, Henry M., 22, 124, 125, 195, 199, 216
  • Japan (see also Japan andJapanese subheadings under other subjects), 100, 120, 165
    • Chinese People’s Republic attack on Korea, effect on, 181
    • Closing of U.S. intelligence bases in, 206
    • Neutrality of, possible, 190
    • Nuclear weapons development, possible, 158, 162
    • Poisonous gas use in Chinese People’s Republic, 97
    • Rearmament of, 184
    • U.S. nuclear policy in Asia, 218
    • U.S. withdrawal from Asia, perception of, 191, 195
  • Jarring, Gunnar, 174
  • Javits, Jacob K., 213
  • John, Brig. Gen. Ernest F., 38
  • Johnson, Lyndon B.:
    • Defense strategies, 177
    • Glassboro Summit, 13
    • Intelligence failures, 35
    • Sentinel missile, 4, 21
    • Transition briefings by, 1
  • Johnson, Vice Adm. Nels C., 64, 87, 100
  • Johnson, U. Alexis, 130
    • ABM decision, 20
    • Asia strategy and forces, 202, 219
    • Defense budget, 132, 145, 149, 153, 158
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184, 190
    • Military manpower policy, 161
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 107, 109, 118, 124
    • Sino-Soviet dispute, 63, 64
    • Strategic policy after SALT, 216
    • U.S. foreign policy assumptions for defense planning, 98
    • U.S. military posture, 44, 96, 100, 140
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 181, 189
  • Johnsrud, Col. Melvin H., 181
  • Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS):
    • Balance of power, 4
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 97, 102, 103
    • Civil defense, 28, 216, 222
    • Defense budget, 49, 150, 187, 191, 195, 220
    • General strategic alternatives, 204
    • Limited strategic nuclear war, 129
    • Memoranda:
      • JCSM111–69, 11
      • JCSM221–68, 165
      • JCSM288–67, 165
      • JCSM548–68, 165
      • JCSM572–70, 165
      • JCSM760–69, 165
    • Military manpower policy, 185
    • Missile defense alternatives, 18
    • Naval force review, 57
    • Readiness test:
      • Actions taken in, 77, 82
      • Allied response to, 78, 80, 81
      • Cabinet officials’ role in, 79
      • Carrier task force movements, 87
      • Chinese People’s Republic response to, 88
      • CIA memorandum on, 89
      • Conflict with HIGH HEELS, 81
      • Evaluation of options in, 74
      • Extension of length of, 90
      • German Federal Republic as affected by, 82
      • JCS position, 75
      • Nixon-as-madman theory, impact of, 59, 83, 85
      • Presidential decision on, 80
      • Proposals for, 71, 72, 73
      • Public image of, 80, 86
      • Reasons for, 59
      • Soviet impressions from, 84, 85, 86
      • Soviet response to, 88, 92, 93
    • Research and development for strategic forces, 117, 192
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 117, 124
    • Sentinel deployment models, 11
    • Soviet air force standdown, 60
    • Soviet evacuation of civilian populations, 204
    • Soviet strategic offensive missile capability, 11
    • Strategy for Peace plan, 157, 162
    • Sustained defense strategy in Europe, 45
    • Taking stock of planning and operations, 229
    • U.S. military posture, 32, 44, 48, 165
    • U.S. nuclear policy in Asia, 218, 219
    • Vietnam war potential actions, 48, 58, 83
  • Joint Forces Memorandum, 184
  • Joint Strategic Objectives Plan (JSOP), 96, 107, 189, 190, 191, 192, 195
  • Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff, 5
  • Jordan crisis, 158, 191
  • Jurich, Anthony, 32
  • Kanarowski, Maj. Stanley, 100
  • Kazakhstan, 59, 62, 63
  • Keegan, Maj. Gen. George J., Jr., 224, 225
  • Keeny, Spurgeon M., Jr., 4, 22, 168
  • Kelley, Roger T., 161, 180
  • Kennedy, David M., 34
    • Missile defense alternatives, 14, 16
    • Strategic policy issues, 7, 8
    • U.S. military posture review, 48
  • Kennedy, Edward M., 21, 24, 25, 43
  • Kennedy, John F., 7, 37, 163, 177, 199
  • Kennedy, Col. Richard T.:
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 97, 127
    • Civil defense, 222
    • Defense budget, 195
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 190
    • Foreign policy review, 174
    • Military manpower policy, 161
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 171
    • Strategic forces survivability, 182
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 181, 189
  • Keogh, James, 59
  • Kerst, Kenneth A., 66
  • Kill assessments, 18
  • Kilpatrick, James, 27
  • Kissinger, Henry A., 21, 117, 123, 126, 170, 176
    • ABM decision, 22, 24, 25
    • Asia strategy and forces, 202, 219
    • B–1A strategic bomber, 112
    • Balance of power, 2, 7
    • Budget issues, 111, 112
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 97, 102, 103, 115, 122, 127
    • China visit (Oct., 1971), 199
    • Chinese People’s Republic strategic threat, 189
    • Civil defense, 28, 222
    • Contingency planning, 3
    • Defense budget:
      • 1971, 49
      • 1972, 132, 146
        • DPRC meeting on, 145, 148, 149
        • Five-year plan from, 155, 158
        • Guidance for, 154
        • JCS meeting with Nixon on, 150
        • Nixon-DOD meeting on, 153
        • NSC meetings on, 151, 153
        • San Clemente meetings on, 146, 152
      • 1973:
        • Acceptable levels for, 192
        • Amendment to, 214
        • Decision on, 193, 203
        • DOD/JCS meeting with Nixon on, 191
        • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184, 190
        • Processes for deciding on, 199, 201
        • Projections for, 188
        • Strategy, forces and, 195
      • 1974, 220, 221
      • Deficits in, 143, 145
    • DPRC, establishment of, 57
    • Draft reform:
      • Deferment/exemption review, 53, 54
      • Induction authority extension, 138
      • NSC meeting on, 134, 135
      • Standby draft study, 227, 228
    • Duck Hook, 83
    • Five-year defense plans, 130, 155, 158, 206, 220
    • Foreign policy review, 174
    • General Purpose Forces, 164, 177
    • JCS readiness test:
      • Actions taken in, 77, 82
      • Cabinet officials’ role in, 79
      • Carrier task force movements, 87
      • CIA memorandum on, 89
      • Conflict with HIGH HEELS, 81
      • Evaluation of options in, 74
      • Presidential decision on, 80
      • Proposals for, 71, 72, 73
      • Soviet impressions of, 84, 85
      • Soviet response to, 92, 93
    • Laird and Rogers conflict with, 80
    • Limited strategic nuclear war, 41, 129
    • Military force reductions, 108
    • Military manpower policy, 161, 185, 194, 195
    • Missile defense alternatives, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18
    • Missile testing, 114
    • Naval forces review, 27, 57
    • Nuclear weapons deployment authorization, 142
    • Nuclear weapons safety rules, 163
    • Nuclear weapons stockpile, 196, 217
    • Safeguard missile defense system:
      • Congressional approval of, 25
      • Deployment alternatives, 109, 124, 125, 172
      • DPRC meetings on, 109, 118, 124, 125
      • Effectiveness against Chinese People’s Republic attack, 118
      • Nixon’s desire for continued development of, 109
      • NSC meetings on, 120, 121, 171
      • Phase II, 100, 107, 113
      • Phase III, 166, 167, 169, 172
      • Political strategies for, 116, 118
      • PSAC position, 118
    • SALT, 43, 119, 175, 216
    • Sino-Soviet dispute, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70
    • Soviet Union:
      • Air force standdown, 60
      • ICBM silo construction in, 186
      • MIRV testing, 30, 31, 33, 50, 182
      • Strategic defenses of, 183
      • Strategic forces of, assessment of, 40, 105, 179
    • SS–9 missiles, 26, 67, 159, 175
    • SS–11 missiles, 110
    • Strategic forces survivability, 156, 182
    • Strategic policy issues, 4, 5, 7, 216
    • Strategic sufficiency, 36, 39
    • Strategy for Peace plan, 157
    • Submarine alternatives, 207
    • Transition briefings for, 1
    • ULMS, 199, 201, 205, 207, 208
    • U.S. military posture:
      • Decisions on strategy and budgets, 56, 96, 100
      • Laird’s proposal on basic defense goals, 162
      • NSC meetings on, 35, 47
      • Reviews of, 10, 16, 32, 34, 47, 48, 136, 140, 147, 177
      • Strategy and budget guidelines for, 51
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 42, 181, 218
    • U.S. strategic capabilities in nuclear attack, 41
    • U.S. strategic forces, 3
    • Vietnam War, 58, 69, 143
    • War powers legislation, 213
  • Klein, Herbert G., 25, 33, 138
  • Knowles, Lt. Gen. Richard T., 161
  • Knubel, Lt. Cmdr. John A., 184, 189, 202, 206, 219, 220
  • Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of, 92, 147, 189
  • Korean War, 49, 59
  • Korea, Republic of:
    • Balance of payments, 195
    • Chinese People’s Republic attack on, possible, 44, 48, 51, 181, 202
    • Line for U.S. defense of, 189
    • Modernization of military forces of, 165, 192, 202
    • U.S. defense capabilities in, 45, 47, 190
    • U.S. force reductions in, 143, 152, 158, 161, 162, 184, 220
    • U.S. force requirements in, 218
    • U.S. forces in, 44, 98, 195
    • U.S. military aid to, 98, 153, 164
    • U.S. military bases in, 181
    • U.S. nuclear policy in Asia, 218
    • U.S. policy toward, 62
  • Kosygin, Alexei N., 13, 59, 191
  • Kraemer, Fritz, 82
  • Laird, Melvin R., 6, 158, 169
    • ABM decision, 24, 25, 216
    • ABM treaty limitations, 212
    • Annual defense report, 180
    • B–1A strategic bomber, 112
    • Balance of power, 7
    • Budget issues, 111
    • Chemical and biological warfare:
    • Civil defense, 28, 223
    • Civil emergency preparedness, 29
    • Defense budget:
      • 1971, 143
      • 1972, 145, 146, 150
        • Draft statement on, 177
        • Nixon-DOD meeting on, 153
        • NSC meetings on, 153
      • 1973:
        • Acceptable levels for, 192
        • Amendment to, 214, 215
        • Decision on, 203
        • DOD/JCS meeting with Nixon on, 191
        • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184, 194
        • Processes for deciding on, 201
        • Projections for, 187, 188
        • Strategy, forces and, 195
      • 1974, 220, 221
    • Defense budget, 49, 76, 77, 111
    • Defense Program Review Committee, 57, 130
    • Draft reform, 54, 131, 138
      • NSC meeting on, 133, 134, 135
      • Presidential decision on, 139
      • Standby draft study, 228
    • Foreign policy review, 174
    • JCS readiness test:
      • Actions taken in, 77, 82
      • Cabinet officials’ role in, 79
      • Carrier task force movements, 87
      • Chinese People’s Republic response to, 88
      • Conflict with HIGH HEELS, 81
      • JCS position, 75
      • Presidential decision on, 80
      • Proposals for, 71, 73
      • Soviet impressions of, 84, 86
      • Soviet response to, 88, 92
    • Kissinger conflict with, 80
    • Limited strategic nuclear war, 41, 129
    • Military manpower policy, 161, 185, 195
    • Minuteman missile survivability, 156
    • MIRV ban in SALT treaty, 43
    • Missile defense alternatives, 14, 16
    • Naval forces review, 27, 57
    • Nuclear weapons deployment authorization, 142
    • Nuclear weapons stockpile, 196, 217
    • Realistic deterrence strategy, 180
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 33
      • Deployment alternatives, 125
      • DOD position, 170, 172
      • Effectiveness against Chinese People’s Republic attack, 118
      • JCS position, 117
      • Nixon’s desire for continued development of, 109
      • Political strategies for, 116
    • Sentinel program, 9, 11
    • Sino-Soviet dispute, 62
    • Soviet air force standdown, 60
    • Soviet ICBM silo construction, 186
    • Soviet MIRV testing, 26, 33
    • Soviet strategic attack forces, assessment of, 105
    • Soviet strategic forces assessment, 36, 179
    • SS–11 missiles, 110
    • Strategic policy issues, 5, 7, 98
    • Strategy for Peace plan, 157, 162
    • Transition briefings for, 1
    • ULMS, 205, 207, 208
    • U.S. military commitment to Europe, 8
    • U.S. military posture:
      • Basic defense goals proposal, 162
      • Decisions on strategy and budgets, 56
      • JCS position, 165
      • Reviews of, 10, 48, 136
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 42, 219
    • U.S. strategic capabilities in nuclear attack, 41
    • U.S. strategic forces, 3
    • U.S. strategy and projection forces review, 209
    • Vietnam War, 58, 83, 112, 143
  • Landmines, 94
  • Laos, 58, 87, 174, 218
  • Large mounded strongpoints, 153, 181, 202
  • Latimer, Thomas, 210
  • Latin America, 165
  • Latter, Richard, 22, 182
  • Lebanon crises, 49, 89, 92
  • Lee, Vice Adm. John M., 204
    • Asia strategy and forces, 202, 219
    • Defense budget, 132, 145, 149, 158, 220
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184
    • General purpose forces, 164
    • Military manpower policy, 161
    • Strategic forces survivability, 182
    • Strategic policy after SALT, 216
    • U.S. military posture review, 177
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 181, 189
  • Leestma, David, 216
  • Lehman, John F., Jr., 213
  • Lemnitzer, Lieut. Col. William, 38, 75
  • Lennon, Col. Linwood, 189
  • Libya, 98, 165, 191
  • Lincoln, Franklin B., Jr., 210
  • Lincoln, George A., 6, 9, 34, 39, 139, 158
    • Balance of power, 7
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 104, 115, 128
    • Civil defense, 28, 222, 223
    • Civil emergency preparedness, 29
    • Defense budget, 153, 155, 195
    • Defense Program Review Committee, 57
    • Draft reform, 54, 133, 135, 228
    • Foreign policy review, 174
    • Missile defense alternatives, 14, 16
    • Safeguard missile defense system, NSC meetings on, 121, 171
    • Sino-Soviet dispute, 62
    • Soviet strategic forces assessment, 36
    • Strategic policy issues, 5, 7, 8
    • U.S. military posture, 48, 56
  • Lindjord, Haakon, 4, 32, 68, 97, 122
  • Lines of communication (LOC), 229
  • Lin Piao, 63, 68
  • Liu, Sidney, 66
  • Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 25
  • Lombardi, Vince, 50
  • Long wavelength infrared (LWIR) optical sensors, 117
  • Lon Nol, 174
  • Loomis, Henry, 32, 97
  • Lord, Winston, 32, 122, 174
  • Lowenstein, Allard K., 195
  • Lowrance, Vice Adm. Vernon L., 38, 63
  • Luxembourg, 137
  • Lynn, Lawrence E.:
    • B–1A strategic bomber, 112
    • Defense budget, 132, 145, 149
    • Defense Program Review Committee Working Group, 130
    • Military force reductions, 107
    • MIRV ban in SALT treaty, 43
    • Missile defense alternatives, 16, 17
    • Missile testing, 114
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 118, 125
    • Sino-Soviet dispute, 62
    • Soviet MIRV testing, 33
    • Soviet strategic attack forces, assessment of, 105
    • Soviet strategic missile capability, 40
    • Strategic policy issues, 4, 5
    • U.S. military posture:
      • Decisions on strategy and budgets, 96, 100
      • Reviews of, 32, 47, 48, 140
      • Strategy and budget guidelines for, 51
  • MacGregor, Clark, 213, 214
  • Madman theory, 59, 83, 85
  • Mahon, George H., 24
  • Malaysia, 218
  • Malta, 191
  • Mansfield, Mike, 13, 21, 24, 43, 185
  • Mao Tse-tung, 63, 68, 174
  • Marine Amphibious Forces (MAF), 165
  • Marine Corps, U.S., 136, 147, 150, 161, 187, 190
  • Mark, David E., 66
  • Massive-fill warheads, 94
  • Mather, Gen. George, 76
  • Mayo, Robert P., 9, 28, 29, 34, 39, 41, 117, 123
    • Budget issues, 111
    • Defense budget, 145
    • Defense Program Review Committee, 57, 130
    • Draft reform, 133, 135, 139
    • Missile defense alternatives, 14, 16
    • U.S. military posture, 48, 96
  • McCain, Adm. John S., Jr., 76, 153
  • McCallum, Robert, 202
  • McChristian, Maj. Gen. Joseph A., 38
  • McCloy, John J., 179
  • McConnell, Gen. John P., 5, 7, 17
  • McCormack, John, 24
  • McCracken, Paul W., 29, 56, 117, 123, 155, 169, 209
    • Defense budget, 130, 132, 145
    • Defense Program Review Committee, 57, 130
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184
    • General Purpose Forces, 164
    • Minuteman missile survivability, 156
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 107, 118
    • U.S. military posture, 48, 96, 177
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 181, 202, 218
  • McGovern, George, 220
  • McGuire, Ralph J., 137
  • McHenry, Donald, 32, 68, 97, 122
  • McKee, Gen. Seth, 76
  • McManis, David, 88
  • McNamara, Robert S., 4, 174, 188
  • McRae, Vincent, 97, 122
  • Media, 80
  • Medical deferments, 138, 139
  • Mediterranean Basin, 98, 192, 194
  • Meir, Golda, 50, 174
  • Merchant Marine, 165
  • Merritt, Col. Jack N., 149, 167, 168, 182, 216
  • Meyer, Charles A., 98
  • Middle East:
    • Arab-Israeli conflict, 59, 149, 174
    • Johnson-Nixon transition briefings on, 1
    • Nuclear war in, 59
    • Soviet attack on PRC, effect of, 68
    • Soviet military strength in, 165
    • U.S. force capabilities in, 192
    • U.S. maritime defenses in, 191
    • U.S. policy assumptions for defense planning for, 98
  • Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG), 229
  • Military Assistance Program (MAP), 44, 98, 150, 158, 189, 190, 202
  • Military doctrine of the Soviet Union (see also Soviet Union):
  • Military exercises (see also Readiness Test under Joint Chiefs of Staff):
    • DEEP FURROW, 89, 92
    • FAIRPLAY 69, 78
    • FOCUS LENS, 82
    • HIGH HEELS 69, 78, 80, 81, 89
  • Military force reductions, 108
  • Military manpower policy (see also Draft reform):
  • Military posture of the United States (see also Strategic policy):
    • Analysis of strategies for, 34
    • Assured destruction, 32, 34, 129, 180, 204
    • Balance of power, 2
    • Budgetary impact of, 45
    • Combined theater options, 145, 152, 192
    • Counterforce improvements, 129, 204, 216
    • Damage-limiting alternative, 204
    • Decisions on strategies and budgets:
    • European position, 32, 34
    • Hedging against threats to strategic forces, 204
    • Information memorandum on, 44
    • Interagency Steering Group paper on, 45, 47, 96
    • JCS position, 32, 44, 48, 165
    • In Korea, 44
    • Laird’s proposal on basic defense goals, 162
    • Military issues in design of, 34
    • NSC meetings on, 35, 47, 48
    • Offensive force capabilities, 192
    • Reviews of, 10, 32, 48, 51, 136, 140, 149, 177, 204
    • SALT talks and, 32
    • Strategic forces objectives, 6, 34, 192, 204
    • Support of allies, 204
    • Sustained defense strategy in Europe, 45
    • U.S. interests and commitments and, 45
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 42, 123, 181, 189, 202, 218, 219
    • U.S. strategy and projection forces review, 209
    • Vietnam War as cost factor in study of, 44
    • Worldwide strategies, 45
  • Military recruitment and retention, 150
  • Military Sealift Command (MSC), 165
  • Minefields, high explosive (HE), 94
  • Minimum deterrence, 6, 8, 178
  • MIRV Working Group, 43
  • Missile defense (see also Safeguard missile defense system; Sentinel missile defense system):
  • Missile gap, 6, 199
  • Missiles (see also Anti-ballistic missiles; Safeguard missile defense system; Sentinel missile defense system; SS series of Soviet missiles ; Strategic forces):
    • Accuracy of, 160
    • Air-to-surface (Soviet), 94
    • Bomarc, 165
    • British purchases of U.S. IRBMs, 141
    • With Chemical warheads, 94
    • Ching-yu (China), 200
    • Condor, 184
    • CSS–1 (China), 200
    • CSS–2 (China), 200
    • Depressed trajectory ICBMs, 38, 46, 117, 225
    • Frog (Soviet), 94, 153
    • Galosh (Soviet), 26, 167, 178, 186
    • Honest John, 181
    • ICBMs (Soviet), 160, 186
    • Kill probability of, 198
    • Land-based, 205
    • Minuteman:
      • Alternatives for, 166
      • Budget deficits and, 145, 152
      • Crisis stability and vulnerability of, 204
      • Defending sites of, 6, 7, 14, 18
      • Increase in numbers of:
        • British position, 32
        • Canadian position, 32
      • Mobile systems for, 106, 109
      • Numbers of, 7, 100
      • Reliability of, 43
      • Retargeting of, 153
      • Silos, 40
      • Silo spacing, 38
      • Soviet threat to, 37, 105, 160, 225
      • Survivability of, 156, 182
      • As Targets for Soviet MIRVs, 30, 31, 33, 46
    • Minuteman III, 114, 152, 182, 191
    • Mobile ICBMs, 225
    • MRBMs (China), 57, 200
    • Murphy, Franklin D., 210
    • Nike-Hercules, 165
    • Nike-X, 14
    • Nike Zeus, 38
    • Pace, Frank Jr., 210
    • Polaris:
      • British use of, 174
      • Limitations of, 16
      • Retaliatory capabilities of, 18
      • Soviet defenses against, 52
      • As Substitute for Safeguard, 24
      • U.S. buildup in response to “missile gap,” 7
    • Poseidon:
      • Accuracy of, 182, 204
      • Modernization of, 100, 145, 205
      • New warheads for, 43, 152, 216
      • Research and development of, 114
      • Retaliatory capability of, 18
      • Retargeting of, 153
      • Strategic advantage with, 191
      • Warhead yield of MIRVs on, 33
      • Weaknesses of, 106
    • SA–2 (Soviet), 178
    • SA–3 (Soviet), 52, 178
    • SA–5 (Soviet), 178, 226
    • Scud (Soviet), 94, 153
    • Shaddock (Soviet), 94
    • Short-range attack missiles (SRAMs), 226
    • Solid-fuel (China), 57
    • Soviet-U.S. balance of power with, 7, 198, 204
    • Spartan:
      • Advanced versions of, 26, 107, 109
      • Basic versions of, 117
      • Defense Department position on, 117
      • Kill capability and method of, 38
      • Kill radius of, 16
      • As Missile defense alternative, 11, 14
      • Timing for deployment of, 118
    • Sprint, 14, 52, 117, 118, 168
    • SS–13 (Soviet), 38
    • SS–Z-3 (Soviet), 38
    • Submarine-launched (SLBMs), 8, 14, 46, 225
    • Surface-to-Air (SAM), 165, 178, 182, 194, 226
    • Talinn (SA–5) (Soviet), 5, 6, 7, 35, 40, 52
    • Testing by Soviets, 114
    • Testing by United States, 114
    • Titan, 36, 151, 153, 154, 165, 190
    • Titan II, 147
    • ULMS–I, 205, 208
    • ULMS–II, 205, 208
    • Underseas Long-Range Missile System, 157
  • Missile Site Radar (MSR), 14, 16
  • Mitchell, John N., 34, 133
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 103
    • Defense budget, 195
    • Foreign policy review, 174
    • Kissinger conflict with Rogers and Laird, 80
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 121, 168, 171, 173
    • Sino-Soviet dispute, 62, 64
    • Soviet strategic missile capabilities, 40
    • U.S. military posture, 35, 48
  • Mobile forces, 129
  • Mondale, Walter F., 112
  • Mongolia, 153
  • Moorer, Adm. Thomas H., 90, 155, 222
    • Asia strategy and forces, 219
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 127
    • Defense budget:
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184, 190
    • Foreign policy review, 174
    • General Purpose Forces, 164
    • JCS readiness test, 77
    • Realistic deterrence strategy, 180
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 168, 171, 173
    • Soviet air force standdown, 60
    • Soviet strategic forces assessment, 179
    • Strategic forces survivability, 156, 182
    • Taking stock of defense planning and operations, 229
    • ULMS, 205, 207
    • U.S. military posture, 165, 177
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 181, 218
    • Vietnam War, 143
  • Moot, Robert C., 184, 206, 220
  • Morgan, Thomas E., 213
  • Morton, Thruston, 22
  • Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 21
  • Multiple Independently Targeted Reentry Vehicles (MIRVs):
  • Multiple Reentry Vehicles (MRVs), 38, 46, 67, 101, 156, 198, 225
  • Munitions, 94, 164, 165
  • Murray, Col. Paul, 181
  • Mustard gas, 94, 97, 99, 122
  • Mutual assured destruction, 32, 34, 129, 180, 204
  • Mutual and balanced force reductions, 98, 149
  • National Command authority protection:
    • ABM treaty’s affect on, 212
    • Importance of, 16, 179
    • As Option in ABM deployment, 117, 125, 152, 172
    • Reduced capabilities of, 165
    • Use of ABMs for, 14
  • National Emergency Command Post Afloat, 165
  • National Guard, 131, 135, 229
  • National Intelligence Estimates (NIEs):
    • NIE 11–8–68, 38, 40
    • NIE 11–3–69, 52
    • NIE 11–8–69, 31, 46, 101, 105
    • NIE 11–11–69, 94, 97, 102
    • NIE 11–13–69, 61, 66
    • NIE 11–14–69, 52
    • NIE 13–8/1–69, 57
    • NIE 13–8–69, 12
    • NIE 11–8–70, 160, 176, 182, 198
    • NIE 11–3–71, 178, 196
    • NIE 11–8–71, 198
    • NIE 13–8–71, 200
    • NIE 11–3–72, 226
    • NIE 11–8–72, 225
    • NIE 11–12–72, 224
  • National Intelligence Projections for Planning (NIPP), 152
  • National Science Foundation (NSF), 140
  • National Security Action Memoranda:
  • National Security Council (NSC):
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184
    • Draft reform, 53, 131
    • Meetings:
    • Nuclear aircraft carriers, 112
    • Organization of, 1
    • Papers:
      • “East-West Relations,” 8
      • “Strategic Policy Issues,” 4, 6, 8
    • Political-Military Group, 95
    • Review Group:
      • Chemical and biological warfare, 127
      • Civil emergency preparedness, 28, 29
      • Meetings, 4, 6, 32, 44, 99, 122
      • Sino-Soviet dispute, 68
      • Strategic policy issues, 4, 6
      • U.S. military posture and balance of power, 2, 32, 34
      • U.S. policy on toxins, 122
    • Safeguard missile defense system meetings, 117, 118, 120, 121, 125, 171
    • Submarine alternatives, 208
    • Tactical nuclear weapons study, 196
    • Working Group studies:
      • Defense commitments, 132
      • Defense vs. domestic resources, 132
  • National Security Decision Memoranda:
  • National security strategy, 162
  • National Security Study Memoranda:
  • Naval forces review, 27
  • Naval munitions, 94
  • Navy, U.S., 57, 147, 187, 188, 191, 192
  • Neo-isolationism, 137
  • Nerve agents, 94, 122
  • Netherlands, 137
  • Newsom, David D., 98
  • Newsweek, 66
  • New York Times, 135, 168, 177, 189
  • New Zealand, 218
  • Nitze, Paul, 168, 171
  • Nixon Doctrine, 98, 149, 150, 152, 158, 162, 174, 189, 229
  • Nixon, Richard M., 126, 176
    • ABM decision:
      • Congressional discussion on, 21, 23, 24
      • Making of, 24, 25
      • Reservations on, 19, 20
      • Timing for, 22, 23
    • B–1A strategic bomber, 112
    • Balance of power, 2, 7
    • Budget issues, 111, 192
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 95, 102, 103, 115, 127, 128
    • Civil defense, 28, 222
    • Civil emergency preparedness, 29
    • Daily Brief (classified), 65
    • Defense budget:
      • 1971, 49, 143
      • 1972, 132
        • DOD secretaries’ meeting with, 153
        • DPRC meetings on, 145, 148
        • Guidance for, 154
        • JCS meeting with, 150, 191
        • NSC meetings on, 151, 153
        • Republican Congressional leaders’ meeting with, 146
        • San Clemente meetings on, 146, 152
      • 1973:
        • Amendment to, 214
        • Decision on, 193, 203
        • DOD/JCS position, 187, 191
        • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184
        • Processes for deciding on, 199, 201
        • Projections for, 187, 188
        • Strategy, forces and, 194, 195
      • 1974, 220, 221
      • Deficits in, 143
    • Defense Program Review Committee, 57, 136, 140
    • Draft reform:
      • All-volunteer U.S. military, 137
      • Deferment/exemption review, 53, 54
      • NSC meeting on, 134, 135
      • Standby draft study, 227, 228
    • Duck Hook, 83
    • Foreign policy review, 174, 177, 204
    • Intelligence failures, 35
    • JCS readiness test:
      • Actions taken on, 77, 82
      • Cabinet officials’ role in, 79
      • Conflict with HIGH HEELS, 81
      • Evaluation of options in, 74
      • Planning for, 71, 72, 73
      • Soviet impressions of, 84, 85
      • Soviet response to, 93
    • “Madman” image portrayed to Communists, 59, 83, 85
    • Military force levels, 57, 107, 206
    • Military manpower policy, 161, 185, 194, 195
    • Missile defense alternatives, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18
    • Missile testing, 114
    • Naval forces review, 27, 57
    • Nuclear weapons, 141, 142, 163, 196, 217
    • Republican leadership meetings with, 50
    • Safeguard missile defense system:
    • SALT, 37, 43, 119, 175, 191
    • On Schlesinger, 111
    • Sino-Soviet dispute, 62, 64, 66, 70
    • Soviet Union:
      • Absolute parity with the United States, 5
      • Forces for intercontinental attack, 160
      • ICBM silo construction in, 186
      • MIRV testing, 26, 33, 50
      • Strategic defenses of, 183
      • Strategic forces assessment, 105, 179
    • SS–9 missiles, 26, 67, 175
    • SS–11 missiles, 110
    • State of the Union addresses, 207
    • Strategic policy issues, 5, 7, 8
    • Strategic sufficiency, 39
    • Strategy for Peace plan, 157, 162
    • Submarine alternatives, 207
    • Transition briefings for, 1
    • ULMS, 199, 205, 207, 208
    • U.S. force reductions in Europe, 13
    • U.S. military posture:
      • Decisions on strategy and budgets, 56, 96
      • Information memorandum on, 44
      • Interagency Steering Group paper on, 45, 47
      • Laird’s proposal on basic defense goals, 162
      • NSC meetings on, 35, 47, 48
      • Reviews of, 10, 32, 47, 48, 136, 140, 147, 177
      • Strategy and budget guidelines for, 51
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 42
    • U.S. strategic capabilities in nuclear attack, 41
    • U.S. strategic forces, 3
    • U.S. strategy and projection forces review, 209
    • Vietnam War, 58, 69, 143
    • Visits:
      • China (Feb., 1972), 194, 206
      • Europe (Feb.-Mar., 1969), 8, 13
      • Guam/Pakistan/Romania (July-Aug., 1969), 59, 63
    • War powers legislation, 213
  • No first use policies, 102
  • Non-acoustic sensing, 178
  • Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT), 1, 8, 13, 42, 63
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (see also Europe):
    • Allied suspicions of U.S.-Soviet dealmaking, 229
    • All-volunteer U.S. Army, 137
    • Alternatives for European defense, 192
    • Asian war and defense with, 152, 218, 219
    • Dual-basing of U.S. forces, 165
    • Five-year defense plans, 220
    • Force improvements, 190
    • French non-participation, 165
    • Johnson-Nixon transition briefings on, 1
    • Military force reductions, 107, 161
    • Munitions capability of, 164
    • Nuclear weapons deployment authorization, 142
    • Numbers of planes assigned to, 149
    • REFORGER units in, 158, 165
    • Soviet approach to war with, 153
    • U.S. budget affect on force readiness in, 100, 132, 187
    • U.S. role in, 96
    • U.S. strategy in, 149
    • Warsaw Pact aggression against, possible, 45, 51, 162
  • Norway, 137
  • Nuclear proliferation, 22, 42
  • Nuclear testing, 67
  • Nuclear umbrella, 7, 32, 195
  • Nuclear war:
    • Accidental attacks, 108, 117
    • Asia, 120, 218
    • “Clean” strikes in, 68
    • Conventional war vs., 149
    • Counterforce strikes, 129, 204, 216
    • Countervalue strikes, 129
    • Europe, 45
    • French-U.S. talks on, 13
    • Goals in event of, 204
    • Indian subcontinent, 59
    • Limited strategic, 41, 129, 147, 204
    • Middle East, 59
    • Objectives in, 129
    • Political limitations to implementing capability for, 129
    • Relatively favorable outcomes from, 32, 34, 204, 216
    • U.S. deaths from Chinese first strike, 14
    • U.S.-European differences on, 98
    • U.S. response capabilities in, 41
    • U.S.-Soviet survival comparison during, 5
    • In Vietnam, 58
  • Nuclear weapons:
    • Vs. Chemical weapons, 103
    • Chinese People’s Republic, 200
    • Deployment authorization for 1971, 142
    • Flexibility in use of, 204
    • Forward-basing in Asia of, 181
    • Japanese development of, possible, 158, 162
    • Safety rules, 163
    • Selective use of, 195
    • Stockpile of, 141, 196, 217
    • Tactical, 149, 152, 189, 216, 218, 229
    • U.S. transfer to United Kingdom of parts for, 141, 196, 217
  • Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy (Kissinger), 219
  • Nutter, G. Warren, 60, 64, 68, 97, 122
  • Odeen, Philip, 204
    • Asia strategy and forces, 202, 219
    • Defense budget, 214, 221
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 190
    • Five-year defense plans, 206, 220
    • Strategic policy after SALT, 216
    • Submarine alternatives, 207
  • Office of Emergency Planning (OEP), 29, 222
  • Office of Management and Budget (OMB):
  • Office of Science and Technology (OST), 127, 140
  • Okinawa, 44, 97, 100, 103, 104, 142, 165, 189, 191, 219
  • Organophosphorus agents, 94
  • Pacific Ocean, 192
  • Packard, David:
    • ABM decision, 20, 22, 24
    • Asia strategy and forces, 202
    • Balance of power, 2, 7
    • Defense budget:
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184, 190
    • Five-year defense plans, 130, 158
    • General Purpose Forces, 164
    • JCS readiness test, 88, 90
    • Limited strategic nuclear war, 129
    • Military force reductions, 107
    • Military manpower policy, 161, 184
    • Missile defense alternatives, 14, 17
    • Nuclear weapons, 141, 142, 196
    • Realistic deterrence strategy, 180
    • Safeguard missile defense system:
      • Defense Department position, 117
      • Deployment alternatives, 123, 124
      • Effectiveness against Chinese
      • People’s Republic attack, 118
      • Nixon’s desire for continued development of, 109
      • NSC meetings on, 121, 171
      • Phase I, 96, 106, 107
      • Phase II, 113, 117
      • Phase III, 166, 167, 168
      • Political strategies for, 116, 118
    • SALT, 43
    • Soviet air force standdown, 60
    • Soviet MIRV testing, 31, 33, 182
    • Soviet strategic forces assessment, 179
    • Strategic forces survivability, 156, 182
    • Strategic policy issues, 4, 7, 8
    • U.S. foreign policy assumptions for defense planning, 98
    • U.S. military posture:
      • Decisions on strategy and budgets, 96, 100
      • Information memorandum on, 44
      • JCS position, 165
      • NSC meeting on, 35
      • Reviews of, 10, 32, 34, 48, 140, 177
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 181, 202, 218
    • Vietnam War, 143
  • Pakistan, 82
  • Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 158
  • Panama Canal, 165
  • Panofsky, Wolfgang K. H., 22, 109, 168
  • Paris Peace Talks, 69
  • Pastore, John, 24
  • Peace Corps, 138, 139
  • Peace groups, 135
  • Pedersen, Richard F., 4, 6, 68, 97, 122
  • Penetration aids, 109, 110, 117, 118
  • Pepitone, Byron V., 161
  • Percy, Charles, 21
  • Perez, Frank H., 43
  • Perimeter Acquisition Radar (PAR), 14, 16, 24, 118
  • Persian Gulf, 98
  • Peru, 165
  • Philippines, 181, 218
  • Phillips, Lt. Gen. Samuel C., 225
  • Philpott, Maj. Gen. Jammie M., 46, 52
  • Phosgene, 94, 97, 99, 103
  • Pickering, Thomas R., 107, 161, 184, 189
  • Pinckney, Col. T. C., 219, 220
  • Pin-down, 168
  • Pirogel, 94
  • Platt, Nicholas, 66
  • Plymale, Ben T., 43
  • Poff, Richard H., 50, 146
  • Poison bullets, 122
  • Political parties:
    • Democratic, 50
    • Labour (Malta), 191
    • Nationalist (Malta), 191
    • Republican, 50
    • Social Democrats (FRG), 50
  • Pompidou, Georges, 216
  • Portugal, 97, 137
  • Potts, Maj. Gen. William E., 225, 226
  • President’s Commission on an All-Volunteer Armed Forces, 131, 133
  • President’s Science Advisory Committee (PSAC), 22, 118, 124, 125, 140
  • Price, Raymond K., Jr., 221
  • Proctor, Edward W., 97
  • Program Objectives Memoranda (POMs), 220
  • Project 703, 49, 76, 77, 165
  • Proxmire, William, 191
  • Pursley, Col. Robert E., 11, 72, 74, 79, 80
  • Radar:
    • Backscatter, 192
    • For anti-ballistic missiles, 108
    • Hard Point Defense (HPD), 106, 124, 125, 168
    • Hen House, 52
    • Missile Site Radar (MSR), 14, 16
    • Overland look-down, 226
    • Over-the-Horizon (OTH), 152, 192
    • Perimeter Acquisition Radar (PAR), 14, 16, 24
    • Phased-array antennae for, 186
    • Soviet, 178, 226
    • Transportable, 199
  • Reagan, Ronald, 199
  • Realistic deterrence strategy, 179, 180, 229
  • Rectanus, Rear Adm. Earl F., 224, 226
  • Redundancy, 32
  • Re-entry vehicle, 40
  • REFORGER exercises, 158, 165
  • Regionalism, 192
  • Relative advantage, 216
  • Research and Development (R&D):
    • ABM limitation treaties and suspension of, 212
    • Budgeting for, 152, 165, 220
    • Chemical and biological weapons, 97, 99, 103, 115, 122
    • Civil defense, 222
    • Hard point defense radars, 124, 125, 168
    • ICBMs, 114
    • JCS position, 117, 192
    • For Safeguard missile defense system, 7, 22, 106, 108, 113, 117
    • After SALT ABM ban, 192
    • Soviet, 178, 224
    • Spending increases for, 206
    • As Strategic policy component, 204
    • U.S.- Soviet “arms race” in, 160
  • Reserve forces, 131, 133, 135, 165, 229
  • Reserve Office Training Corps (ROTC), 135
  • Resor, Stanley E., 109, 153
  • Rhodes, John J., 24, 50, 146
  • Rice, Donald, 145, 149
  • Richards, Col. Ira B., 206
  • Richardson, Elliot L., 34, 117, 123, 133
    • ABM decisions, 19, 20
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 103, 127
    • Civil defense, 223
    • Defense budget, 145
    • JCS readiness test, 79
    • Missile defense alternatives, 14, 16
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 118, 121, 124
    • SALT, 43
    • Sino-Soviet dispute, 62
    • Soviet MIRV testing, 50
    • Strategic policy issues, 7
    • U.S. military posture, 48, 96, 140
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 181
  • Riedel, Lt. Col. George, 220
  • Riot control agents, 104, 122
  • Rivers, Mendel, 22, 24, 168
  • Rockefeller, Nelson A., 84, 210
  • Rogers, William P., 6, 9, 34, 41, 139, 158, 169
    • ABM decision, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25
    • Asia strategy and forces, 219
    • Balance of power, 7
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 95, 97, 103, 104, 115, 128
    • Civil defense, 28, 223
    • Civil emergency preparedness, 29
    • Defense budget, 143, 153, 155
    • Defense Program Review Committee, 57, 130
    • Draft reform, 133, 135, 137
    • Foreign policy review, 174, 177
    • JCS readiness test, 79
    • Kissinger conflict with, 80
    • Missile defense alternatives, 14, 16
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 33, 121, 171, 172
    • Sino-Soviet dispute, 62, 66, 70
    • Soviet strategic forces assessment, 179
    • Strategic policy issues, 5, 7, 8
    • U.S. foreign policy assumptions for defense planning, 98
    • U.S. military posture, 10, 35, 44, 48
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 42, 202
    • U.S. strategy and projection forces review, 209
    • Vietnam War, 83
    • War powers legislation, 213
  • Romania, 59
  • Romney, George, 28
  • Roosevelt, Franklin D., 97
  • Rose, Jonathan, 135
  • Rossanda, Rossana, 66
  • Rosson, Lt. Gen. William B., 4
  • Rostow, Walt W., 1, 7
  • Ruegg, Lieut. Gen. Robert, 76
  • Ruina, Jack P., 22
  • Rush, Kenneth, 216, 217, 219, 220
  • Russell, Richard, 21, 23, 24
  • Ryan, Gen. John D., 49, 77, 90, 150, 180, 191
  • Sadat, Anwar, 174
  • Safeguard missile defense system (see also Missile defense; Missiles):
  • Safire, William, 174
  • Saint George, Rear Adm. William R., 190, 206, 220
  • Saint John, Brig. Gen. Adrian, 181
  • Sarin, 94
  • Sary Shagan missile test center, 178, 186, 197, 226
  • Satellites, 200, 226
  • Sato, Eisaku, 103, 191
  • Schlesinger, James R.:
    • Budget issues, 111
    • Contingency planning, 3
    • Defense budget:
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184
    • Draft deferment/exemption review, 54
    • General purpose forces, 164
    • Military manpower policy, 161
    • Nixon’s view of, 111
    • Nuclear weapons stockpile, 217
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 107, 109, 118, 167, 168
    • Strategic forces survivability, 182
    • Strategic policy issues, 4, 216
    • U.S. military posture, 32, 96, 100, 140, 147, 177
  • Schroeder, Gerhard, 8
  • Schultz, George P., 54, 133
  • Scott, Hugh, 21, 22, 23, 24, 50, 145, 146
  • Seaborg, Glen T., 28, 141, 142, 196, 222
  • Sealift, 165
  • Seamans, Robert C., Jr., 153
  • Selden, Armistead I., 181
  • Selective Service System (SSS) (see also Draft reform):
    • Military manpower policy, 161
    • National Guard recruitment role for, 135
    • Nixon’s decision on draft reform, 139
    • Review of deferments and exemptions, 53
    • Standby draft study, 227, 228
  • Selin, Ivan, 17, 32, 48
  • Senate, U.S.:
    • ABM decision, 21
    • Appropriations Committee, 131
    • Armed Services Committee:
      • Draft reform, 131
      • Military manpower policy, 185
      • Missile defense alternatives, 19, 125
      • Safeguard program for 1972, 170, 173
    • Foreign Relations Committee, 16, 213
    • Geneva Protocol (1925), 97, 122
    • Military manpower policy, 185
    • Non-proliferation Treaty ratified by, 8
    • Nuclear aircraft carriers, 112
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 37
  • Senior Review Group, 181, 222
  • Sennewalt, Lieut. Col. R. W., 90
  • Sentinel missile defense system (see also Missile defense; Missiles):
    • Budgeting for, 9
    • As Defense option, 4, 6, 14
    • Deployment models, 11
    • DOD proposal for, 19
    • LBJ’s proposal for, 21
    • Strategic Military Panel recommendations on, 22
  • Sevareid, Eric, 25
  • Shaefer, Maj. Gen. Richard F., 145, 149, 161, 177, 184
  • Shakespeare, Frank, 4, 39, 68, 122, 127, 181
  • Shellfish poison, 122
  • Shultz, George P., 169, 209
    • Defense budget:
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184, 190
    • Military manpower policy, 161
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 172
    • Strategic forces survivability, 156, 182
    • U.S. military posture reviews, 147, 177
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 181, 202, 218
  • Singapore, 218
  • Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP):
    • Budgeting for, 149
    • Carriers’ role in, 100
    • Combined theater options, 145, 152, 192
    • Limited nuclear war, 41, 129, 147, 204
    • Nuclear weapons stockpile, 196
    • Reduction in numbers of weapons for, 165
    • Reviews of, 182
    • Soviet strategic buildup and, 5
    • Targeting against Chinese People’s Republic, 181, 189
    • Weaknesses of, 195
  • Sinkiang, 59, 62, 63
  • Sino-Indian War (1962), 68
  • Sino-Soviet dispute (see also China, People’s Republic of; Soviet Union):
    • Border conflict, 59
    • East-West conflict and, 45
    • Military forces along border, 153, 174
    • Negotiations on, 92, 93
    • NIE on, 61
    • As Primary Soviet military focus, 50
    • SALT talks as affected by, 68
    • Soviet air force standdown and, 60
    • Soviet nuclear attack, possible, 59, 63, 66
    • U.S. policy toward, 62, 63, 64, 68
    • U.S. role in Soviet maneuvering against PRC, 70
  • Sisco, Joseph J., 98
  • Sisowath Sirik Matak, 195
  • Sixth Fleet, 165
  • Sloss, Leon, 98, 140
    • Defense budget, 145, 158, 206, 220
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 190
    • Strategic forces survivability, 182
    • Strategic policy after SALT, 216
  • Smith, Brig. Gen. Foster L., 181
  • Smith, Gerard C., 28, 29, 34, 42, 123, 169, 209, 222
    • ABM decision, 19, 20
    • Bombers, 154
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 95, 104, 127, 128
    • Defense budget, 153
    • Five-year defense plans, 206, 220
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 113, 116
      • Deployment alternatives, 124
      • DPRC meeting on, 118
      • NSC meetings on, 120, 121, 171
      • Phase III, 167, 168, 172
      • Presidential decision on, 173
      • As SALT bargaining chip, 145
    • Soviet strategic forces assessment, 179
    • Strategic policy issues, 8
    • Strategic sufficiency, 39
    • U.S. military posture review, 32
  • Smith, H. Allen, 50
  • Smith, Howard K., 25
  • Smith, Jackson L., 137
  • Smith, K. Wayne:
    • Chinese People’s Republic strategic missile program, 200
    • Defense budget, 154, 158, 195
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184, 190
    • Military manpower policy, 161, 185
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 167, 168, 171, 172
    • SS–9 missile testing, 159
    • Strategic forces survivability, 156, 182
    • U.S. military posture review, 177
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 181, 189, 218
  • Smith, Margaret Chase, 21, 24, 50
  • Smith, R. Jack, 4, 7, 32, 58, 89, 122
  • Snyder, Jimmy “The Greek,191
  • Soedjatmoko, 189
  • Solomon, Ezra, 202, 206, 216, 219, 220
  • Somalia, 89, 92, 103
  • Soman, 94
  • Sonar, 178
  • Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, 70
    • MIRV ban in SALT treaty, 43
    • NSC Review Group meetings, 4
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 168, 171, 172
    • Sino-Soviet dispute, 64, 66, 68
    • Strategic forces survivability, 182
    • Strategic policy after SALT, 216
    • U.S. military posture review, 32, 48
  • Southeast Asia (see also individual countries):
    • Budgeting for war in, 214
    • Chinese People’s Republic attack on, possible, 98, 218
    • U.S. bombing in, 149, 152
    • U.S. military aid in, 158
    • U.S. response to potential Chinese attack on, 44, 45, 47, 48, 51, 181, 189
  • Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 98
  • Soviet Institute of Asian and African Affairs, 66
  • Soviet Union (see also Military doctrine of the Soviet Union; Sino-Soviet dispute; Soviet Union and Soviet subheadings under other subjects):
    • ABM site construction, 197
    • Absolute parity with the United States, 5
    • Air defense, 52
    • Air Force standdown, 60
    • Anti-ballistic missiles, 5, 7, 178, 186, 197, 226
    • Anti-satellite capabilities, 52
    • Ballistic missile defense, 52
    • Bombers, future for, 46
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 94, 97, 165
    • Chinese People’s Republic as focus of missile defense by, 50, 52
    • Chinese People’s Republic nuclear facilities destroyed by, possible, 61, 62, 63, 66
    • Chinese People’s Republic, relations with, 61, 63, 189
    • Defense spending levels, 25
    • Evacuation of civilian population, 204
    • ICBM launcher numbers, 38, 198, 225
    • ICBM silo construction in, 186
    • Intercontinental attack forces, 160, 198, 225
    • JCS readiness test, 84, 85, 86, 88, 92, 93
    • Korea war response, possible, 44
    • Military forces along Chinese People’s Republic border, 153, 174
    • Military research and development, 178, 224
    • MIRV testing, 26, 30, 31, 33, 50, 182, 225
    • Nuclear capabilities of, 6
    • Response to Chinese People’s Republic attack on West, possible, 45
    • Sentinel as defense against attack by, 4
    • Strategic attack forces, assessment of, 46, 105, 179
    • Strategic buildup, 5, 198, 199
    • Strategic defenses, 52, 178, 179, 183, 226
    • Strategic objectives of, 34
    • Strategic offensive missile capability of:
      • DIA position, 105
      • JCS position, 11
      • Memorandum on, 38, 40
      • NIEs on, 46, 52
    • Strategic policy of, 46
    • U.S. strategic force capabilities against, 192, 194, 195, 216
    • U.S. strategic military power relationship with, 1, 129
  • Space weapons, 46
  • Spain, 97, 98, 130
  • Spiers, Ronald I., 44, 130, 204
    • Asia strategy and forces, 202, 219
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 97, 103
    • Defense budget, 132, 145, 149, 158, 195, 220
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 190
    • General purpose forces, 164
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 167, 168, 171
    • Strategic forces survivability, 182
    • U.S. military posture, 100, 177
  • Spivy, Gen. Berton E., Jr., 80
  • Springsteen, George S., 98
  • SS–7 missiles, 114, 160
  • SS–8 missiles, 114
  • SS–9 missiles:
  • SS–11 missiles, 7, 38, 40, 50
  • SS–13 missiles, 38, 40, 153, 160
  • SS–15 missiles, 153
  • SS–N–6, 182, 198, 225
  • SS–NX–8 missiles, 160, 182, 198, 225
  • SS-Z-3, 40
  • Stable deterrence, 6, 8
  • Standdowns (see also Readiness test under Joint Chiefs of Staff), 60
  • Stans, Maurice H., 54
  • Staphylococcal enterotoxin, 122
  • Starbird, Lieut.-Gen. Alfred D., 109
  • Stearman, William L., 63, 66
  • Stein, Herbert, 204
    • Defense budget, 149, 158
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 190
    • General purpose forces, 164
    • Military manpower policy, 161
    • U.S. military posture decisions, 96
  • Stennis, John C., 24, 135, 185, 213
  • Stop-Where-We-Are arms control proposal, 36
  • Strategic Air Command (SAC), 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 80, 83
  • Strategic airlift, 165
  • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT):
    • ABM decision and, 19, 20
    • Bombers’ phase-out and, 154
    • Budget deficits and, 145, 151, 152
    • Defense budget as affected by, 214
    • Delays on, 7
    • Fourth round of talks (Vienna), 168, 170, 175
    • Intelligence-gathering satellites, 226
    • JCS readiness test, effect on, 78
    • Johnson-Nixon transition briefings on, 1
    • MIRV ban in, 36, 37, 43
    • NPT agreement on initiation of, 8
    • Planning for, 4
    • Safeguard as affected by, 32, 117, 154, 167, 169, 171, 172, 192
    • Safeguard as bargaining chip in, 120, 123, 124, 145, 148, 192
    • Second round of talks (Vienna), 140, 149, 156
    • Signing of agreements, 211, 212
    • Sino-Soviet dispute effect on, 68
    • Soviet agreement for start of, 50
    • Soviet interests in limiting ABMs, 119
    • Strategic balance objectives for, 6, 198
    • Strategic forces survivability and, 182
    • Strategic policy after, 216
    • Third round of talks (Helsinki), 149, 156
    • U.S. nuclear policy in Asia as affected by, 218
    • U.S.-Soviet communiqué on, 191
    • U.S. strategic posture and, 32
  • Strategic Army Forces (STRAF), 165
  • Strategic forces (see also Bombers; Missiles):
    • Alternative budgets for, 152
    • Capabilities against Soviet Union, 192, 194, 195, 216
    • Command and control issues, 3, 18, 165, 192
    • Hedging against threats to, 204
    • JCS recommendations for, 152
    • Objectives of, 6, 34, 192, 204
    • Reliability of, 3
    • Research and development for, 117, 192
    • Soviet forces assessment, 36, 105, 179
    • Survivability of, 156, 182, 198
    • Of United Kingdom, 45
    • For Use against Chinese People’s Republic, 181
  • Strategic Military Panel, 22
  • Strategic policy (see also Military posture of the United States):
    • Issues in, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 216
    • Research and development as component of, 204
    • After SALT, 216
    • Of Soviet Union, 46
    • U.S. alternatives toward Chinese People’s Republic, 204
  • Strategic posture. See Military posture of the United States.
  • Strategic sufficiency, 32, 35, 36, 39, 166
  • Student deferments, 53, 54, 131, 133, 138, 139
  • Submarines (see also Anti-submarine warfare):
  • Suez Canal, 98
  • Sufficiency, strategic, 32, 35, 36, 39, 166, 204
  • Sullivan, William H., 72
  • Supersonic Transport (SST), 45
  • Swank, Emory C., 66
  • Swedes, 135
  • Symington, Stuart, 213
  • Syria, 158
  • Tabun, 94
  • Taft, Robert, Jr., 50, 146
  • Taiwan (Republic of China), 98, 181, 189, 191, 218
  • Tarr, Curtis, 135, 161, 228
  • Task Force 71, 89, 92
  • Task Force 77, 87
  • Tcherniakov, Yuri N., 72
  • Tear gas, 97, 99, 102
  • Technical escalations, 58
  • Teller, Edward, 210
  • Thailand:
    • DRV attack on, possible, 98
    • U.S. military force levels in, 152, 165
    • U.S. response to potential Chinese attack on, 44, 48, 181, 189, 219
    • U.S. support for defense of, 98
  • Thermite, 94
  • Thompson, Llewellyn E., Jr., 85, 116
  • Throckmorton, Gen. John, 76
  • Time, 59
  • Total Force Planning, 229
  • Tower, John G., 21, 50, 146
  • TRIAD concept, 145, 152, 182, 192
  • Triantafellu, Maj. Gen. Rockly, 160, 178
  • Trilateral Talks (1967), 165
  • Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, 191, 195
  • TU–16 bombers (Chinese People’s Republic), 57, 200, 216, 218
  • Tucker, Gardiner I., 204, 216
    • Asia strategy and forces, 202, 219
    • Defense budget:
    • Defense vs. domestic spending, 143
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184, 190
    • General purpose forces, 164
    • Military manpower policy, 161, 184
    • Realistic deterrence strategy, 180
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 167, 168
    • Strategic forces survivability, 182
    • Strategic policy after SALT, 216
    • U.S. military posture review, 140, 177
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 189
  • Turkey, 98, 137, 206
  • Tyuratum missile test center (Soviet), 26, 30, 38, 186, 198, 225
  • Undersea Long-Range Missile System (ULMS), 106, 162, 199, 201, 205, 207, 208, 218
  • Unemployment, 195
  • Unger, F. T., 32, 68
  • United Arab Republic (UAR), 94, 103, 165, 191, 195
  • United Kingdom (UK):
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 97, 102, 104, 122, 127
    • Conscription laws and reserve system in, 137
    • Missiles, 32, 141, 174
    • Nuclear forces of, 204
    • Strategic forces of, 45
    • Theater nuclear force responsibility, 177
    • U.S. transfer of nuclear weapons parts to, 141, 196, 217
    • Withdrawal from East of Suez, 98
  • United Nations (UN), 103
  • United Nations Conference of the Committee on Disarmament, 78
  • United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), 68
  • United States Information Agency (USIA), 127
  • Ussuri River, 59, 61, 62, 63
  • V-agents, 94
  • Vannoy, Rear Adm. Frank W., 97, 107, 118, 122, 132
  • Veatch, Ellis H., 8, 220
  • Verification Panel, 149, 167, 168, 171
  • Vietnam, Democratic Republic of (DRV) (see also Vietnam War):
    • Intelligence on supply of, 182
    • Military force strength of, 164
    • Potential military actions against, 58, 59, 83
  • Vietnam Moratorium protests, 72
  • Vietnam, Republic of (see also Vietnam War):
    • Communist force strength in, 174
    • Military strength of, 59, 192
    • Movement of carrier task force and bombing of, 87
    • U.S. military aid to, 152
    • U.S. nuclear policy in Asia, 218
    • U.S. response to potential Chinese attack on, 48, 219
  • Vietnam War:
  • Vogt, Lt. Gen. John, 166, 167, 202
  • Volpe, John A., 28
  • Volunteerism, 132
  • Vorontsov, Yuli M., 4
  • VR–55 nerve agent, 94
  • VX nerve agent, 94
  • Walker, Charles, 190
  • Walsh, John, 189, 202, 206
  • Walters, Lt. Gen. Vernon A., 13, 216, 219, 220
  • Wandler, Mark, 189, 219
  • Ware, Richard, 32
  • Warfighting, 162
  • Warsaw Pact, 45, 51, 162
  • Wars of national liberation, 45
  • Washington Special Actions Group (WSAG), 63, 64, 68, 182, 219
  • Watson, Kenneth M., 22
  • Watts, William, 103, 135
  • Weapons of mass destruction, 94, 103
  • Weinberger, Caspar W., 222
    • Asia strategy and forces, 202
    • Defense budget:
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184, 190
    • Draft reform, 228
    • Five-year defense plans, 158, 220
    • General purpose forces, 164
    • Military manpower policy, 161
    • Strategic forces survivability, 182
    • Strategic policy after SALT, 216
    • U.S. military posture reviews, 147, 177
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 189
  • Weinel, Vice Adm. John P., 216, 220
  • Weiss, Leonard, 178
  • Weiss, Seymour:
    • DOD strategy and fiscal guidance, 184, 190
    • Five-year defense plans, 206, 220
    • Military manpower policy, 161
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 168
    • Strategic forces survivability, 182
    • Strategic policy after SALT, 216
    • U.S. military posture review, 177
  • Welander, Rear Adm. Robert O., 182, 189, 190, 202
  • Western Europe defense planning, 98
  • Westmoreland, Gen. William C., 90
    • Army morale, 188
    • Defense budget, 49, 150, 191, 195
    • Draft reform, 135
    • JCS readiness test, 88
    • Missile defense alternatives, 17
    • Soviet air force standdown, 60
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 181, 189
  • Wheeler, Gen. Earle G., 9, 28, 29, 95, 34, 39, 41, 42, 57, 56, 115, 123, 128, 130, 133, 139
    • Balance of power, 4
    • Chemical and biological warfare, 97, 102, 103
    • Defense budget, 49, 145
    • Defense Program Review Committee, 130
    • JCS readiness test:
      • Actions taken in, 82
      • Allied response to, 78
      • Carrier task force movements, 87
      • Conflict with HIGH HEELS, 81
      • Extension of length of, 90
      • JCS position, 75
      • Presidential decisions on, 80
      • Soviet response to, 88, 92
    • Military force reductions, 107
    • Missile defense alternatives, 14, 16, 17
    • Safeguard missile defense system, 107, 117, 118, 121
    • Sentinel missile defense system, 11
    • Sino-Soviet dispute, 62
    • Soviet air force standdown, 60
    • Strategic policy issues, 8
    • U.S. military posture, 35, 48, 56, 96, 100
    • U.S. nuclear policy for Asia, 189
    • Vietnam War, 143
  • Wheelus Air Force Base, 165
  • White, David, 149
  • Whitehouse, Charles, 202
  • Wilson, Bob, 50, 146
  • Wilson, James M., Jr., 181, 189, 219
  • Wise, Samuel G., 66
  • Wood, Archie, 216
  • Working Group on Political Evaluations, 45
  • Working Group on Soviet and Other Foreign Reactions, 34, 45
  • World Communist Conference (June, 1969), 66
  • World Health Organization (WHO), 122
  • World War I, 94
  • World War II, 94
  • Yemen, 94, 103
  • Yost, Charles W., 103
  • Young, Milton, 21, 24, 50, 146
  • Zablocki, Clement J., 213
  • Zhou Enlai, 59 (Chou En-lai)
  • Ziegler, Ron, 22, 127, 188
  • Zumwalt, Adm. Elmo R., Jr.: