Index
References are to document numbers
-
- Abshire, David M., 50
- Abu Dhabi, 234
- Acheson, Dean, 5, 11, 20
- Aden, 35
- Adham, Kamal Sheik, 162
- African liberation movements, 68
- African Party for the Independence of Portuguese Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), 97
- Afro-Asian Peoples Solidarity Organization, 92
- Agency for International Development (AID), 17, 52, 68
- Agnew, Spiro T.:
- Ahidjo, Ahmadou, 177
- Ahmad Khalifa al-Sawaydi, 234
- AIRCO, 37
- Alarcon DeQuesada, Ricardo, 132
- Alexander, Edward J., 34
- Algeria, 91, 160, 166
- Allegheny Ludlum Steel, 239
- Alves, Maj. Nito, 116
- Alvor Accord, 129, 130
- AMAX, 45
- American Asbestos, 37
- American Metal Climax, 53
- Amin, Idi, 103, 120, 137, 139, 144
- Andersen, Knud Borge, 234
- Anderson, Jack, 161
- Andrew, Robert, 135
- Andrews, E.F. “Andy,” 239
- Angola (see also Angola and Angolan subheadings under other
subjects; Political parties and
liberation movements; Popular Movement
for the Liberation of Angola):
- Alvor Accord, 129, 130
- Competing regimes for diplomatic recognition, 135, 136, 171
- Cuban involvement in, 132
- DRC/Zaire-U.S. talks on, 149
- Economic sanctions against, 32, 36
- Economic situation in, 93
- France, relations with, 174
- Independence for, 79, 135, 136
- Liberation movements in, 68, 93
- Literacy in, 113
- Military aid for FNLA/UNITA government:
- Military situation in, 113, 116
- Naval blockade of, 29
- Nigerian-RSA talks over, 199
- NSC meetings on, 113
- OAU role in, 101, 105, 138, 139, 146, 150, 167
- Peace talks among parties from, 101, 146
- Portuguese policy toward, 109, 128, 129, 130
- Portuguese rule in, 9, 116
- Portuguese-U.S. talks on, 131, 160
- Refugees from, 99, 103
- Rhodesian role of, 113
- RSA military role in:
- Sino-Soviet competition in, 92, 141
- Soviet role in:
- Tanzanian proposal on, 156
- United States, relations with:
- U.N. membership for, 136, 186, 188, 189, 190, 191
- U.S. arms embargo against, 40
- U.S. help in Portuguese evacuation of, 125
- U.S. investment in, 68, 91
- U.S. policy toward:
- U.S. role in, as seen by African leaders, 111
- U.S.–RSA cooperation on, 83
- U.S. support for FNLA/UNITA government in:
- Budgeting for, 139, 173
- Congressional relations over, 151, 152, 153, 156, 157, 172, 185
- Department of State internal disagreements over, 149, 152
- Diplomatic efforts, 138, 155
- Disengagement from covert activity, 182, 183
- DRC/Zaire as conduit for, 158, 164, 166, 172, 181
- Final budgeted amounts for, 181
- 40 Committee meeting on, 137, 138, 139, 147, 173, 175
- French-U.S. communications on, 141, 155, 157, 172, 173
- Need for timely action on, 147
- NSC meetings on, 163
- Planning for implementation of, 144
- Portuguese-U.S. communications on, 160
- Question of continuance of, 173, 175
- Termination payments, 186, 187
- Tunney Amendment, 151, 157, 163, 168, 182, 183, 186, 187
- U.S. reconnaissance flights, 139, 147
- Zambian-U.S. talks on, 150
- U.S. support for non-Communist liberation groups in, 112, 115,
117, 119
- Additional funding for, 125, 126
- CIA position, 100, 106, 127
- DRC/Zaire as conduit for, 121
- Ford-Kissinger-Scowcroft meetings on, 114, 117, 118
- 40 Committee meetings on, 102, 106, 113, 114, 115, 116, 123, 125, 126, 127
- Military training, 127
- NSC meeting on, 113
- Plan for covert action, 116, 122
- Zambian-U.S. talks on, 103
- Ansary, Hushang, 161
- Antiballistic missiles, 88
- Antimony, 53
- Anyaoku, Eleazar Chukwuemeka, 223, 232, 233
- Apartheid, 1
- Arenales, Alfonso, 110
- Armstrong, Anne, 208, 233
- Armstrong, Gen. R.F., 78, 80, 81
- Asbestos, 8, 52
- Ascension Island, 139, 196
- Asencio, Diego, 90
- Ashe, Arthur, 12, 18, 19, 21
- Aspin, Norman, 215
- Assad, Hafez al-, 204
- Atoms for Peace Program, 17
- Austin, Timothy, 189
- Australia, 234
- Avery, Sewell, 130
- Azores, 68, 87, 160
- Azevedo, Adm. Joseé Pinheiro de, 128
-
- Baker, James, 72
- Bandaranaike, Sirimavo, 35
- Banda, Rupiah, 150, 193, 195
- Barbados, 160
- Barbour, Robert, 137, 139
- Barr, Brady G., 36
- Basele Ikondi ya Bankoko Lopori, 99
- Baster people, 205
- Beatty, William, 45
- Belgium, 99, 234
- Benguela Railroad, 93, 113, 173
- Benin, 160
- Bennett, W. Tapley, 150
- Bergh, Gen. Hendrik Johannes Van Den, 10, 196, 203
- Bergsten, C. Fred, 22
- Berne Union, 234
- Bertram, Christoph, 192
- Birnbaum, Phil, 215
- Bisengimana, Barthelemy, 91, 166
- Black Parents’ Association, 203
- Blee, David H., 165
- Bliss, L.G. “Tony,” 37
- Bomani, Paul, 200
- Bongo, Omar, 144, 166, 174
- Botha, Roelof Frederik:
- Botswana, 17, 20, 53, 71, 87
- Bouteflika, Abdelaziz, 152
- Boverie, Col. Richard T., 163
- Bowdler, William G., 81, 196, 203, 213
- Brazil, 70, 136
- Bremer, Jerry, 111, 112, 121, 138, 156
- Brezhnev, Leonid I., 77, 140
- Brown, Robert L., 16
- Brown, Gen. George S.:
- Bruce, Robert L., 26, 27, 41
- Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 239
- Buchanan, Patrick, 8, 171, 185
- Buffum, William, 38, 138
- Bureau of Intelligence and Research:
- Intelligence Notes:
- No. 490: South Africa: The Invisible Government, 10
- RAAN–11: South-West Africa: Enough South African-Waldheim Progress?, 75
- RAFN–15: South-West Africa: Implications of South Africa’s Plebiscite Offer, 46
- RESN–158: Portugal Proposes Dialogue with African States, 97
- RSEN–60: USSR-Africa: Soviets Increasing Aid to African Liberation Fronts?, 92
- Intelligence Notes:
- Bush, George H.W., 96
- Butcher, Goler T., 55
- Butiku, Joseph W., 194, 204
- Butler, Malcolm, 83
- Butterfield, Alexander P., 96
- Byatt, Robin, 229
- Byelorussia, 136
- Byl, Pieter K. van der, 223, 235
- Byrd Amendment, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 62, 69, 103, 194, 197
- Byrd, Harry F., Jr., 56, 59
-
- Cabinda:
- Cabora Bassa Dam, 94
- Cabral, Amilcar Lopez, 194
- Caetano, Marcello, 202
- Callaghan, James:
- Cameroon, 136, 152, 166
- Campbell, Hugh, 46
- Campbell, Phil, 96
- Canada, 234, 236
- Cape Verde Islands, 87, 136, 160
- Caprivi Strip, 29
- Caradon, Lord, 16
- Cardoso, Antonio da Silva, 130
- Cardoso, Leonel, 129, 130
- Carlucci, Frank, 125, 127, 128, 129, 160
- Carter, Jimmy, 201, 205, 208, 239
- Carter, W. Beverly, Jr., 51, 110, 117
- Case, Clifford, 123
- Cashews, 94
- Catto, Henry E., Jr., 218, 220, 229, 232
- Central America, 13
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA):
- Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), 192
- Ceylon, 35
- Chacko, Eapen, 73
- Chad, 166
- Chase International, 45
- Cheney, Richard, 163
- Chicago Sun-Times, 192
- China, People’s Republic of:
- China, Republic of, 59, 70
- Chipenda, Daniel, 106, 186
- Chissano, Joaquim, 110, 124, 193, 204, 223
- Chona, Mark:
- Chrome:
- Cisse, Jeanne Martin, 97
- Clark, Richard, 123, 124, 139, 156, 180, 236
- Clements, William P.:
- Clift, Denis, 139
- Coal, 52
- Coal liquification, 83
- Colby, William E.:
- Angola:
- Export-Import Bank loans to RSA, 82
- Colonialism, 194
- Commerce, U.S. Department of, 23, 30, 31, 33, 83
- Commonwealth of Nations, 35, 233, 236
- Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC), 149
- Conference of Nationalist Organizations of the Portuguese Colonies, 92
- Conference in Support of Peoples of the Portuguese Colonies (Rome, June 1970), 92
- Conger, Clement, 88
- Conger, Clinton, 20
- Congo, Democratic Republic of (DRC)/Zaire (see alsoDRC/Zaire subheadings under other subjects):
- Angolan civil war’s impact on, 148
- Belgium, relations with, 99
- British economic aid to, 193
- Cuban destruction of plane from, 185, 186
- Portugal, relations with, 87
- Schaufele visit to, 157, 166
- United States, relations with, 79, 99, 113, 179
- U.S. diplomacy in support for FNLA/UNITA government in Angola, 155, 158
- U.S. economic and military aid to, 112, 115, 117, 119, 127, 179, 182, 185
- Congo (K). See Congo, Democratic Republic of (DRC)/Zaire.
- Congo, Republic of (Brazzaville):
- Congress, U.S.:
- Acts of:
- Angola, 115, 125, 149
- House Appropriations Committee, 147, 185, 187
- House Armed Services Committee, 147
- House Africa Subcommittee of the Foreign Affairs Committee, 76
- House Foreign Affairs Committee, 147
- House Select Committee on Intelligence, 147
- Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, 63
- Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, 208
- Senate Appropriations Committee, 185
- Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 20, 123, 147
- South Africa visa restrictions, 12, 13
- Zimbabwe Development Fund, 234
- Connally, John B., Jr., 69, 96
- Connell, James, 97
- Connor, James E., 189
- Conte Amendment, 17
- Coote, Wendell B., 43
- Copper, 53, 71, 113
- Corning Glass, 20, 37
- Costa Gomes, Francisco de, 125, 129
- Costa Rica, 136
- Cotton, 94
- Cotton, Norris, 79
- Council on International Economic Policy (CIEP), 83
- Coutinho, Adm. António Alva Rosa, 130
- Covey, James P., 203, 214
- Cromer, Earl, 58, 62, 65, 66
- Crosby, Oliver S., 2, 7, 13, 18, 50, 65
- Crosland, Anthony, 197
- British role in Rhodesian transition, 229
- Conference for transition to majority rule in Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, 223, 233
- Rhodesian acquiescence to majority rule, 213
- Richard talks with, 223, 224
- RSA suspension from IAEA, 86
- U.S.-British talks on Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, 202, 208, 235, 239
- Zimbabwe Development Fund proposal, 234
- Cuba (see also Cuba and Cuban subheadings under other subjects):
- Curran, Ted, 43, 63
- Cutler, Walter L., 99, 111, 112, 127, 135
-
- Daddah, Ould, 56, 57, 58
- Dahomey, 160
- Dales, Richard, 202
- Damara people, 1
- Davis Cup, 21
- Davis, Nathaniel, 103, 110, 111, 112, 115, 117, 118, 121, 149, 152
- Declaration of Arusha (1967), 239
- Defense Appropriations Act (1976), 183, 187
- Defense, U.S. Department of, 30, 31, 83
- Dellums, Ronald, 147
- Denmark, 234
- Denney, George C., 10
- Détente, 118, 163
- Development Assistance Committee, 234
- De Villiers, David, 46
- Devlin, Lawrence R., 111
- Diamonds, 53, 91, 93
- Dibrell, 37
- Diego Garcia, 139
- Diggs, Charles C., Jr.:
- Dobrynin, Anatoly, 140, 142, 145, 146, 154, 156, 169
- Dole, Robert J., 96
- Dorman, Maurice, 67
- Douglas-Home, Sir Alec:
- Duckett, Carl, 106, 163
- Duff, Anthony:
- Dugard, John, 45
- Dupont, 45
-
- Eagleburger, Lawrence S., 121, 152, 202, 203, 208
- East African Training Program (EATP), 68
- East Caprivi people, 1
- East and Central Africa Summit (Lusaka, May 1969), 9
- Easum, Donald B., 144, 149
- Echeverri, Ossa G., 196
- Edmondson, William B., 217, 235, 236, 237
- Eduardo Pinnock, Johnny, 107, 116
- Egypt, 194
- Ekangaki, Nzo, 97
- Elections:
- Eliot, Theodore L., Jr., 44, 48
- Elizabeth II, Queen, 219
- Ellsworth, Robert F., 173, 175, 182
- Elslande, Renaat van, 234
- Elwyn-Jones, Lord, 208
- Erofeev, Vladimir, 161
- Escher, Alfred Martin, 73, 74, 196
- Eteki M’Boumoua, William, 138
- European Development Fund, 199
- European Economic Community (EEC), 41, 234
- Executive privilege, 14
- Export-Import Bank:
-
- Fergusson, Ewen A.J., 197, 233
- Fernando Poo, 139
- Finch, Robert, 96
- Finland, 44
- Firestone, Leonard K., 147
- Fish, Lt. Gen. Howard M., 127, 137, 182
- FitzGerald, Garret, 234
- Flanigan, Peter, 72, 76
- Fluor Corporation, 83
- FNLA. See National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) under Political parties and liberation movements
- Foote Mineral, 8, 20, 37
- Foot, Michael, 208
- Ford, Gerald R., Jr.:
- Angola:
- French recognition of MPLA, 174, 178
- Mao discussions, 152
- Need for timely action on, 147
- Question of continuance of, 173
- Soviet role in, 145, 154
- Tunney Amendment, 157, 163, 168
- United Nations membership for, 188, 189
- U.S. support for FNLA/UNITA government in, 141, 151, 153, 157, 163, 174
- U.S. support for non-Communist liberation groups in, 113, 114, 117, 118, 125
- Zambian-U.S. talks on, 103, 195
- DRC/Zaire-U.S. relations, 99
- Election of 1976, 205
- Electoral defeat of, 238
- Mozambique, 104, 110
- Portuguese-U.S. relations, 131
- Rhodesia/Zimbabwe:
- RSA–U.S. relations, 79, 137
- South West Africa/Namibia, 197
- U.S. military aid to DRC/Zaire, 182
- Zambian-U.S. talks on Southern Africa, 103
- Angola:
- Foreign Direct Investment Program, 17
- Forlani, Arnaldo, 234
- 40 Committee:
- Fourie, Bernadus Gerhardus, 236
- France (see also France and French subheadings under other subjects):
- Frank, Charles R., 215, 234
- Fraser Committee, 203
- FRELIMO (Liberation Front of Mozambique), 94, 101, 103, 194, 201
- Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC), 103, 136
- Frydenlund, Knut, 234
- Fugit, Edward, 133, 135, 136
- Fulbright, J. William, 56
- Funseth, Robert L., 196
-
- Gabella, Elliott, 208
- Gabon, 144, 152, 155, 157
- Garba, Major General Joseph N., 144, 150, 239
- Garin, Vasco Vieira, 87, 88, 90
- Gaylard, Jack, 221
- Gebelt, Stephen G., 87
- Gelb, Leslie, 152
- General Electric (GE), 70
- General Services Administration (GSA), 42
- Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, 234
- George, Scott, 67
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 136
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 37, 149, 196, 202, 204, 234
- Ghana, 166, 167
- Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry:
- Gleason, Capt. Joseph, 106
- Goa, 87
- Godber, Lord Joe, 61, 66, 67
- Gold, 17, 22, 71
- Gonçalves, Vasco dos Santos, 131
- Gowon, Yakubu, 108
- Granger, Clinton, 81
- Greenhill, Denis, 16
- Grennan, Dennis, 202, 220, 233, 235, 236
- Gromyko, Andrei A., 77
- Group of 77, 86
- Guhin, Michael, 63
- Guinea, 87, 160
- Guinea-Bissau, 136, 160
- Guiringaud, Louis de, 234
- Gulf Oil, 93
- Guyana, 136
- Guyer, Roberto, 73
-
- Habib, Philip C., 197, 200, 239
- Haig, Alexander, 6, 28, 39, 56, 70, 72
- Haldeman, H.R., 8, 62
- Halsted, David C., 73
- Harlech, Lord, 67
- Hartman, Arthur A., 33, 123, 128, 137
- Hawkins, Air Vice Marshall Harold, 65, 213
- Healey, Denis, 208
- Heath, Edward R.G., 35, 58, 65, 66, 67
- Helms, Richard M., 24, 39, 95
- Herero people, 1, 46
- Hersch, Seymour, 156
- Herstige Nasionale Party (RSA), 21
- Hertzog, Albert, 21
- Herz, Martin F., 73
- Heyniger, Lambert, 75
- Hinton, Deane, 99, 113, 149
- Hodgson, James, 96
- Hoffacker, Roscoe L., 51
- Holloway, Adm. James, III, 78, 80, 81
- Holloway, Anne Forrester, 239
- Honey, Martha, 221
- Horan, Harold E., 79, 81, 83
- Hormats, Robert C., 70, 215
- Horn of Africa, 58
- Houphouet-Boigny, Félix, 174, 177
- House of Representatives, U.S. (see also Congress, U.S.):
- Hughes-Ryan Amendment to Foreign Assistance Act, 187
- Hughes, Thomas L., 1, 10, 15
- Human Events, 20
- Humphrey, Hubert H., 180, 195
- Hurd, John:
- Hyland, William G.:
- Hynning, Clifford J., 54
-
- Ikle, Fred, 163
- India, 44, 87, 236
- Indian Ocean, 34, 35, 43
- Indonesia, 58
- Ingersoll, Robert S., 105
- Intelligence Alert Memoranda, NIO 0001–76, 167
- Inter-Departmental Regional Group for Africa:
- Addendum to Response to NSSM 224: United States Policy toward Angola, 113
- Botswana: Policy Planning Paper, 53
- Department of State papers approved by, 93, 94
- Response to NSSM 89: South West Africa, 29
- Response to NSSM 224: United States Policy toward Angola, 105, 109
- South Africa: Policy Planning Paper, 71
- Swaziland: Policy Planning Paper, 52
- U.S. policy implications of British-Rhodesian settlement, 61, 64
- U.S. reviews of policy toward Southern Africa, 6, 17, 84
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 63, 86
- International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), 53, 199, 215, 234, 239
- International Court of Justice (ICJ), 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 44, 54
- International Development Association, 234
- International Finance Corporation, 234
- International Monetary Fund (IMF), 17, 22, 112, 180, 215
- International Signals and Control Corporation, 80, 81
- Iran, 159, 161, 162, 234
- Iraq, 136
- Iron ore, 52, 93
- Irwin, John N., II, 67
- Israel, 203, 205, 235
- Italy, 37, 70, 136, 234
- Ivory Coast, 20, 155, 157, 167
-
- Kaduma, Ibrahim M., 194, 202
- Kamanga, Ruben, 195
- Kaokovelder people, 1
- Kaps, Helen, 99
- Kapuuo, Clemens, 74, 203
- Kasanda, Peter, 195, 205
- Katyusha rockets, 149
- Kaunda, Kenneth:
- Angola, 116, 121, 173, 175, 186
- British arms sales to South Africa, 35
- Mozambique independence, 110
- Nkomo meeting with, 231
- Portuguese-Zambian relations, 87
- Rhodesia/Zimbabwe:
- Savimbi meetings with, 103, 107, 115
- Savimbi as supported by, 103, 106, 112, 123, 180
- Smith’s view of, 201
- Solidarity with black majorities in Southern Africa, 89
- South West Africa/Namibia, 207
- U.S.-Zambian relations, 43, 180
- Visits:
- Keiter, Samuel C., 45
- Kennedy, David M.:
- Kennedy, Edward M., 8
- Kennedy, Richard T., 64, 72
- Kenyatta, Jomo, 199, 208
- Keogh, Dennis W., 86
- Keroro people, 13
- Khalatbary, Abbas Ali, 234
- Khama, Sir Seretse, 53, 194, 208
- Killoran, Thomas, 130, 133, 134
- Kirk, Roger, 147
- Kissinger, Henry A., 65, 160, 168, 180, 216, 217, 237
- Angola:
- Cuban involvement in, 173
- Diplomatic recognition for, 136, 171
- French diplomatic recogniton of MPLA, 176, 177
- Military aid for FNLA/UNITA government:
- MPLA–U.S. relations, 191
- Peace talk proposals, 146
- RSA withdrawal from, 165, 184
- Tunney Amendment, 157, 163, 182
- U.S. arms embargo against, 40
- U.S. policy toward, 105, 148
- U.S. role in, as seen by African leaders, 111
- U.S.-Soviet messages/talks on Soviet role in, 138, 140, 142, 144, 145, 169, 170
- U.S. support for FNLA/UNITA government in, 137
- Congressional relations over, 151, 152, 153, 156, 172, 185
- Department of State internal disagreements over, 149, 152
- Diplomatic efforts, 138
- DRC/Zaire as conduit for, 158, 164, 166, 172
- French-U.S. communications over, 155, 157, 172, 173
- NSC meetings on, 163
- Planning for implementation of, 144
- Zambian-U.S. talks on, 150
- U.S. support for non-Communist liberation groups in, 100, 106, 112, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118, 119, 121, 123, 125, 127
- Zambian-U.S. talks on, 103
- Callaghan meetings with, 197, 198, 208
- On détente, 118
- DRC/Zaire-U.S. relations, 99
- Kaunda meetings with, 195, 205, 239
- Kaunda message exchange with, 212, 228, 231, 236, 238
- Machel meetings with, 194
- Mobutu meetings with, 205
- Mozambique, 40, 104
- Muzorewa meeting with, 194
- Nkomo meeting with, 194
- Nyerere meetings with, 194, 204, 207, 208, 239
- Nyerere message exchange with, 228, 230, 232, 236, 238
- Portuguese coup (Apr. 1974), 98
- Portuguese-U.S. relations, 88, 131
- Rhodesia/Zimbabwe:
- British-U.S. talks on, 58, 66, 198, 202, 208
- Chrome imports from, 8, 69
- Conference for transition to majority rule, 223, 230, 231, 232, 233, 235
- Ford-Carter administrations transition talks on, 239
- Majority rule:
- Rhodesian-U.S. talks on, 203, 205
- RSA–U.S. talks on, 196, 203, 206, 236, 238, 239
- Sanctions on:
- Smith-Vorster meetings on, 201, 206
- Tanzanian-U.S. talks, 204, 207
- Transitional government, 236
- U.S. Consulate General in, 11, 16, 25, 28, 37
- U.S. policy implications for British agreement with, 64
- Zambian-U.S. talks, 205, 207, 236
- Zimbabwe Development Fund proposal, 234, 239
- Smith talks with, 205, 206
- South Africa, Republic of:
- Southern Africa:
- South West Africa/Namibia:
- Visits:
- Angola:
- Kissinger, Nancy, 176
- Kleindienst, Richard G., 37
- Klein, Herbert G., 96
- Knight, Ridgway, 90
- Korea, People’s Democratic Republic of, 11
- Kosaka, Zentaro, 234
- Kurasini International Education Center, 68
- Kurds, 175
- Kuwait, 234
- Kuwani, Bitwell R., 180
-
- Laingen, R. Bruce, 125, 128
- Laird, Melvin R., 96
- Landau, George W., 88
- Laos, 173
- Laver, Patrick, 202, 208, 233
- League of Nations, 14, 29
- Lear jets, 40
- Lebanon, 228
- Le Duc Tho, 239
- Leigh, Monroe, 156
- Le Monde, 199
- Lenkoe, James, 10
- Lesotho, 17, 71, 238
- Levi, Edward, 182
- Levine, Melvin, 72
- Liberation Front of Mozambique (FRELIMO), 94, 101, 103, 194, 201
- Liberation movements (see also individual movements; Political parties and liberation movements):
- Liberia, 155, 182
- Libya, 92
- Lincoln, George A., 20, 32, 39, 40, 69
- Lindsay, George, 45
- Lipsey, David, 233
- Lithium, 8
- Loliki, Evariste, 91
- Lomé Convention, 199
- Lonrho, 204
- Lord, Winston:
- Low, Stephen, 212, 237
- Lowenstein, James G., 125
- Lusaka Manifesto (1969), 9, 48, 89, 103, 194
- Luxembourg, 234
- Lynn, James T., 117, 139, 182, 215
-
- MacBride, Sean, 196, 205
- Macedo, Ernesto Ferreira de, 129, 130
- Machel, Samora:
- Madeira Islands, 98
- Mahon, George H., 153, 185, 186
- Makonde people, 94
- Malagasy, 160
- Malan Opera House, Cape Town, 49, 50, 51
- Malawi, 17, 20, 87, 94, 96
- Mali, 136, 144, 160
- Manganese, 53, 71
- Mansfield, Michael, 208
- Mansfield, Philip, 225
- Mao Zedong, 152
- Mark, David E., 46, 75, 97
- Marsh, John, 189
- Mashona people, 3
- Matabele people, 3
- Matungulu N’Kuman, 99
- Mauritania, 58, 136
- Maw, Carlisle E., 152
- Mayo, Robert, 23
- Mbeka Makosso, 99
- Mbindi, Gabriel, 10
- McAfee, William, 115
- McCaffrey, Tom, 208
- McClellan, John, 156
- McCloskey, Robert J., 16, 152
- McFarlane, Lt. Col. Robert C., 125
- McGee, Gale W., 55
- McGovern, George S., 129, 139
- McKesson, John A., III, 91
- McNally, Tom, 208
- McNamara, Robert S., 215
- Melhuish, Ramsey, 233
- Melo Antunes, Ernesto A. de, 103, 116, 127, 128, 130, 131, 160
- Mercenaries:
- Metallurg, 37
- Military Airlift Command (MAC), 29
- Military Assistance Program (MAP), 127
- Military Procurement Act (1971), 55, 69
- Millard, Guy E., 25, 26, 34
- Miller, Robert, 147
- Mitchell, John N.:
- Mobutu Sese Seko (Joseph-Désiré):
- CIA view of, 106
- Desire for peace in Angola, 173
- FNLA/UNITA as supported by, 91, 99, 100, 116, 158, 164, 181, 185
- Kaunda meetings with, 103
- Kissinger meetings with, 205
- RSA talks with, 165
- Savimbi meetings with, 103, 107
- Savimbi as supported by, 113, 116
- Schaufele visit to, 166
- Soviet intervention in Angola, 138
- U.S. economic and military aid to DRC/Zaire, 1, 115, 119, 137, 179, 185
- U.S. messages to, 168
- U.S. role in Angola as seen by, 111, 112
- Vance mission, 118, 119, 120, 121, 149
- Visit to Washington (Aug. 1970), 91
- Mogwe, Archibald, 221, 222
- Mondlane, Eduardo, 194
- Moore, Charles R., 26, 34, 36, 65
- Moorer, Adm. Thomas H., 39
- Moose, Richard M., 123, 152
- Morgan Guaranty, 45
- Morgan, Thomas E., 152
- Morris, Roger, 8, 20, 25
- Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, 137, 150, 152, 153
- Mozambique:
- Angola government of national unity, 167
- Chinese People’s Republic influence in, 87, 138, 194
- Chissano government, 204
- Cuban military advisors in, 186
- Economic sanctions against, 32, 40
- Economic situation in, 94
- Independence for, 79, 104
- Liberation Front of Mozambique (FRELIMO), 94, 101, 103, 194, 201
- Liberation movements in, 68
- MPLA government recognized by, 136, 160
- Naval blockade of, 29
- Portuguese rule in, 9, 96
- Rhodesia/Zimbabwe and, 201, 213
- RSA, relations with, 199
- United Kingdom, relations with, 193
- United States, relations with, 104, 110, 124, 201
- U.S. arms embargo against, 40
- U.S. policy toward, 17, 94
- Zambian-U.S. talks on, 103
- Mudenda, Elijah, 195
- Mugabe, Robert, 236
- Muganda, Bernard, 204
- Muir, Richard J.S., 235
- Mulcahy, Edward W., 110, 135, 136, 179, 180
- Muller, Hillgard:
- Multiracialism, 93, 94
- Muzorewa, Abel:
- Mwaanga, Vernon, 103
- Mwale, Seteke G., 103, 195, 205
-
- Namibia (see also South West Africa/Namibia), 46
- National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA), 17, 71
- National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) (see also FNLA/UNITA government subheadings under other subjects):
- National Review, 20
- National Security Council (NSC) (see also Inter-Departmental Regional Group for Africa):
- National Security Decision Memoranda:
- National Security Study Memoranda:
- National Union of South African Students (NUSAS), 13
- National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) (see also FNLA/UNITA government subheadings under other subjects):
- Nelson, Harvey F., Jr., 50
- Nelson, William, 115, 137, 139, 147, 173, 175, 185
- Nessen, Ron, 137
- Netherlands, 44, 234
- Neto, Agostinho:
- Communist support for, 99
- Dar es Salaam Conference (1976), 191
- French view of, 177
- GRAE conflict with, 103
- MPLA claim as government of Angola, 136
- MPLA-Portuguese relations, 130
- Ousting as head of MPLA, 116
- Power-sharing proposal, 112
- Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, 213, 214
- SWA/Namibia Conference, 202
- U.S.-Angolan relations, 190
- U.S. view of, 109
- Newsom, David, 41, 43, 48
- Newsweek, 214
- New Zealand, 234
- Nguza Karl I Bond, 175
- Nickel, 8, 53
- Nigeria:
- ICJ advisory opinion proceedings on SWA, 44
- MPLA government recognized by, 149, 152, 160, 166, 167
- Rhodesia/Zimbabwe and, 222, 223, 225, 232, 233, 236, 239
- RSA military role in Angola, 156, 167
- RSA, relations with, 99
- RSA talks over Angola with, 199
- Soviet Union, relations with, 137
- United States, relations with, 79
- U.S. Export-Import Bank loans to RSA, 83
- U.S. support for FNLA/UNITA government in Angola, 147, 149
- Violence in, 13
- Nixon, Richard M.:
- On Africans, 57
- Angola, 152
- Code of conduct on Soviet-U.S. relations, 140
- OAU representatives meeting with, 56, 57, 59
- Pardon of, 153
- Portugal, 88, 96, 98
- Rhodesia:
- South Africa, Republic of:
- Southern Africa, 5, 6, 20, 84
- South West Africa/Namibia, 30, 31, 32, 33
- Visit to Romania, 1969, 21
- Zambian-U.S. relations, 43
- Nkomo, Joshua:
- British role in transition, 221
- British view of, 202
- As Chief Minister, proposed, 199, 235
- Conference for transition to majority rule, 222, 223, 229, 233, 235
- Interim government role of, 203
- Kaunda meeting with, 231
- Kaunda support for, 235
- Kissinger visit with, 194
- Patriotic Front divisions, 224, 225
- Smith meetings with, 208, 239
- Smith’s view of, 201
- Soviet military aid to, 150
- Visit to Ghana (Jan. 1977), 238
- Nkumbi International College, 68
- Nogueira, Alberto Franco, 87, 88
- Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT), 63
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):
- Norway, 234
- Nuclear energy, 70, 71
- Nuclear fuel, 63
- Nujoma, Samuel D., 238, 239
- Nyati, Mandungu Bula, 149, 158, 166
- Nyerere, Julius:
- Angolan proposal of, 156
- Dar es Salaam Conference (1976), 191
- Kissinger meetings with, 194, 204, 207, 208, 239
- Kissinger message exchange with, 228, 230, 232, 236, 238
- Rhodesia/Zimbabwe:
- Savimbi meeting with, 103, 107
- Savimbi as supported by, 112
- Solidarity with black majorities in Southern Africa, 89
- U.S.-Tanzanian relations, 205
-
- Obasanjo, Olusegun, 232
- Ocean surveillance, 78, 79, 80, 81, 137
- Odendaal Plan (1962), 1
- Office of Emergency Preparedness (OEP), 30, 31, 37, 55
- Office of Management and Budget (OMB), 183
- Office of Munitions Control, 80, 81
- Ogilvie, Donald G., 182
- Oil, 91, 93, 94, 103
- Okavango people, 1
- Olivier, Daniel P., 13, 18
- O’Neill, Paul, 182
- Operations Advisory Group, 182, 183, 185, 186
- Organization of African Unity (OAU):
- African Liberation Committee, 68
- Angolan rivals for diplomatic recognition, 135, 136, 171
- Angola role for, 101, 105, 138, 139, 146, 150, 167
- Conciliation Committee, 152
- GRAE as supported by, 91
- Meetings:
- MPLA recognized by, 175
- Nixon meeting on Rhodesia/Zimbabwe with representatives of, 56, 57, 59
- Portuguese dialog with, 97
- Possible adverse consequences for FNLA/UNITA in meeting of, 167
- RSA views of, 60
- South West Africa/Namibia, 73, 74, 75
- U.S. Consulate General in Rhodesia, 27
- Ovamboland, 1, 46, 54
- Ovambo people, 1, 13, 46, 196
- Overseas Private Investment Corporation (OPIC), 52, 215
-
- Packard, David, 20, 182
- Packman, Martin, 97
- Pahlavi, Shah Reza, 161, 162
- Paine, Thomas O., 6, 23
- Pakistan, 44
- Palliser, Michael, 202, 224, 233
- Palme, Olaf, 191
- Palmer, Joseph, II, 2
- Passage, David, 191, 239
- Patriotic Front (Zimbabwe), 224, 225, 226, 238, 239
- Pauly, Lt. Gen. John W., 106, 115, 123, 125
- Peace Corps, 17, 52, 53
- Pearce Commission, 67, 222
- Pearce, Lord, 67
- Percy, Charles H., 194, 203
- Petalite, 20
- Peterson, Peter G., 69
- Phillips, Christopher H., 33
- Pike, Otis G., 139
- P.L. 480, 20
- Platinum, 71
- Pletcher, Charles H., 49
- Poland, 136
- Polaroid, 45
- Political parties and liberation movements (see also National Front for the Liberation of
Angola; Popular Movement for the Liberation of
Angola; South West Africa People’s Organization):
- African Party for the Independence of Portuguese Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC), 97
- Conservative (U.K.), 34
- Front for the Liberation of the Enclave of Cabinda (FLEC), 103, 136
- Herstige Nasionale Party (RSA), 21
- Liberation Front of Mozambique (FRELIMO), 94, 101, 103, 194, 201
- National Party (RSA), 1, 21
- Patriotic Front (Zimbabwe), 224, 225, 226, 238, 239
- Republican (U.S.), 239
- Revolution Government of Angola in Exile (GRAE), 91, 103
- Rhodesian Front, 3, 201, 221, 230, 235, 236
- Rhodesia Party, 235
- United National Independence Party (UNIP) (Zambia), 103, 107
- Zimbabwe African Nationalist Union (ZANU), 186, 221
- Zimbabwe African Peoples Union (ZAPU), 186
- Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA):
- Algerian support for, 91
- Claim to be government of Angola, 135, 136, 167
- Congo Republic (Brazzaville) support for, 108, 141, 160
- Cuban involvement in Angola, 190
- Dar es Salaam Conference role for, 191
- Diplomatic recognition of:
- By African countries, 136, 139, 160, 166, 167, 171, 174
- By Brazil, 139
- By Cuba, 136
- By DRC/Zaire, 173, 179, 185
- By European Community members, 175, 179
- By France, 174, 175, 176, 177, 178
- By Mozambique, 136, 160
- By Nigeria, 149, 152, 160, 166, 167
- By Soviet Union, 136, 140, 141, 142, 161
- By United States, 186, 191
- By Zambia, 116, 173, 175, 180, 186
- South African intervention as factor in, 167
- U.S. campaign against, 136, 147, 155, 156, 158, 160, 166, 179
- DRC/Zaire opposition to, 91
- FNLA/UNITA conflict with, 103, 116, 135, 136, 173
- Neto’s ousting as head of, 116
- Portuguese relations with, 101, 128, 129, 130
- Soviet support for, 92, 107, 113, 114
- U.S.-Angolan relations, 190
- U.S. campaign against recognition of government of, 147, 155, 156, 158, 160, 166
- U.S. view of, 109
- Yugoslavian support for, 108, 113
- Population planning, 53
- Portugal (see also Portugal and Portuguese subheadings
under other subjects):
- African states dialogue with, proposed, 97
- Arms embargo on, 88, 93, 94
- Autonomy for overseas territories of, 68, 93, 94, 97
- Black African perspectives on, 9
- Botswana, relations with, 87
- British arms sales to, 35
- DRC/Zaire, relations with, 87
- Malawi, relations with, 87, 96
- NATO membership, 68, 93, 94
- Overseas provinces policy of, 89, 90, 91, 98
- Refugees from, 125, 128
- South Africa, relations with, 87
- Tanzania, relations with, 87, 94
- United Kingdom, relations with, 41
- United States, relations with, 17, 87, 88, 90, 131
- U.S. policy toward, 68
- Zambia, relations with, 87, 94
- Portuguese Guinea, 68, 87, 97
- Potts, James M.:
- Powell, Enoch, 230
- Price, Raymond K., 96
- Private Export Funding Corporation (PEFCO), 70
- Proctor, Edward W., 30
-
- Racism, 89, 194
- Ramphal, Sir Shridath, 231
- Ramsbotham, Sir Peter, 184, 192, 202, 239
- Ratliff, Rob Roy, 102, 115, 118, 122, 126, 143, 182
- Reagan, Ronald W., 194
- Reed, Randolph, 124
- Refugees:
- Rehoboth Basters, 46
- Reid, Ogden R., 13, 18
- Reinhardt, John E.:
- Reuss, Henry S., 22
- Reynolds, 99
- Rhinelander, John B., 13
- Rhodesia Railways, 234
- Rhodesia/Zimbabwe (see also individual groups
under
Political parties and liberation
movements.)
- Angolan role in, 113
- Black raids into, 5
- British agreement with, 64
- British-RSA talks on, 200, 233, 235
- British talks with:
- British-Zambian relations over, 41
- Closing of borders with, 194, 234
- Conference for transition to majority rule:
- African alternative proposals, 222
- British position, 220, 237, 239
- British-U.S. talks on, 224, 225, 233, 235
- Front Line states position, 212
- Independence date, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228, 239
- Kissinger briefing for meeting on, 232
- Nature of, 208
- Plan for, 199, 200
- Recess in, 223, 229, 232, 233
- Rhodesian backtracking in, 235, 236
- Richard consultation in London, 224, 229, 233
- Richard’s statement, 222
- Siting for, 232
- Study paper for, 238
- Tanzanian position, 205, 207, 230
- U.S. position, 221, 223
- Zambia position, 207
- Zimbabwe Development Fund proposal, 234, 239
- Council of State:
- Cuban role in, 192
- Demographics of, 234
- Draft constitution for, 3
- Economic situation, 234
- Ford-Carter administrations transition talks on, 239
- Guarantees for Rhodesian whites:
- Land Tenure Act (1969), 234
- Liberation movements in:
- Majority rule:
- Nigeria and, 222, 223, 225, 232, 233, 236, 239
- Patriotic Front divisions, 224, 225
- Refugees from, 194
- Republic declared by, 27, 58
- RSA-Rhodesian talks on, 201
- RSA–U.S. talks on, 196, 199, 203, 205, 206, 236, 238, 239
- Sanctions on:
- “Six Principals” for settlement in, 3
- Soviet role in, 192, 208
- Tanzanian-U.S. talks on, 194
- Transitional government:
- Annex C’s description of, 219
- British position, 208
- British role in, 9, 219, 221, 232, 233
- British-U.S. talks on, 235, 236, 239
- Commonwealth role in, 233, 236
- Front Line states position, 212
- Nigerian role, 223, 232, 233, 236, 239
- Rhodesian position, 209
- Rhodesian-U.S. talks on, 203, 205, 206
- RSA–U.S. talks on, 203, 236, 238, 239
- Zambian position, 235
- United States, relations with:
- U.N. supervision of, possible, 203
- U.S. policy toward, 17, 64
- Zambian imports from, 56, 57
- Zambian position, 150
- Zambian-U.S. talks on, 195, 205, 236
- Zimbabwe People’s Revolutionary Army, 221, 228, 231, 233, 235
- Richard, Ivor:
- Richardson, Elliot L., 13, 14, 20, 85
- Rives, Lloyd, 46
- Roberto, Holden A.:
- Israeli covert aid to, 123
- Mobutu’s support for, 91, 99, 100, 116, 179
- Mulcahy visit with, 144
- Portuguese view of, 131
- Power-sharing proposal, 112
- As President of FNLA/UNITA coalition government, 136
- RSA covert aid to, 123, 144
- Soviet support for rival groups of, 92
- U.S. covert aid to, 102, 108, 112, 156
- U.S. view of, 109, 113
- Robinson, Charles W., 194, 195, 197, 200, 235
- Rockefeller, Nelson, 204
- Rodman, Peter W., 150, 194, 196, 197, 199, 200, 202, 203, 204, 208, 233, 235, 236, 238
- Rogers, William D., 197, 211
- Rogers, William P., 48
- Romania, 136
- Romney, George, 96
- Rondon, Fred, 64
- Roosevelt, Archibald B., Jr., 95
- Rountree, William, 4, 7, 12, 18, 19, 21
- Rowlands, Edward, 200
- Rumsfeld, Donald H., 96
- Runyon, Charles, III, 7, 14
- Rush, Kenneth, 20, 173, 176, 177
- Rusk, Dean, 205
-
- Sabah al-Ahmad al-Jabir al-Sabah, 234
- Sadat, Anwar el-, 149, 162, 194
- Sahnoun, Mohamed, 97
- Salazar, Antonio, 88
- Salim, Salim Ahmed, 221, 222
- Samuel, Richard C., 197, 200, 202
- Sao Tome and Principe, 136, 160
- Saud Al-Faisal bin abd al-Aziz, Prince, 234
- Saudi Arabia, 156, 159, 161, 162, 234
- Saunders, Harold H., 152, 156, 173, 175
- Sauvagnargues, Jean, 176, 177, 197
- Savimbi, Jonas:
- Kaunda meetings with, 103, 107, 115
- Military retreat of, 173, 175
- Mobutu support for, 103, 107, 113, 116, 179
- Nyerere meetings with, 103, 107
- On Portuguese-MPLA relations, 130
- Portuguese view of, 131
- Power-sharing proposal, 112
- RSA support for, 173
- U.S. covert aid to, 106, 108, 111, 112, 156, 182, 185
- U.S. view of, 109, 175
- Zambian support for, 103, 106, 112, 123, 180
- Schaufele, William E., Jr., 160, 168, 179, 180, 184, 216, 219, 237
- Schlesinger, James R., 105, 113
- Schmidt, Helmut, 197, 204, 208
- Schori, Pierre, 190, 191
- Scott, David A., 235
- Scott, Hugh D., Jr., 59
- Scowcroft, Brent C., 98, 165
- Angola:
- Kissinger-Callaghan meetings, 197
- Portuguese-U.S. relations, 131
- Rhodesia/Zimbabwe, 201, 207
- South Africa, Republic of, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 137
- Scranton, William W., 188, 189, 203
- Seelye, Talcott W., 214, 217, 228
- Seitz, Raymond G.H., 229, 233
- Senate, U.S. (see also Congress, U.S.):
- Senegal, 87, 155, 167
- Senghor, Leopold S., 172, 223
- Shakespeare, Frank J., 30
- Shashe Complex Project, 53
- Shultz, George, 96
- Siciliano, Rocco, 20
- Simonstown Agreement (1955), 35
- Simon, William E., 82
- Sisco, Joseph J., 119
- Sithole, Ndabaningi, 194, 221, 222, 232, 233, 236, 238
- Smith, David S., 190, 197, 198, 202
- Smith, Ian D.:
- Acquiescence on majority rule, 205, 206, 207, 208
- British lack of support for, 193
- British-Rhodesian talks, 65, 66
- Conference for transition to majority rule, 208, 220, 222, 224, 233, 235, 236
- Constitution drafted for Rhodesia, 3
- Douglas-Home meetings with, 61
- Mistrust of British, 229, 232
- Nkomo meetings with, 208, 239
- Nyerere’s view of, 230
- Replacement of, need for, 197
- Republic declared by, 27, 58
- Sanctions on Rhodesia, 8
- Vorster meetings with, 201, 206
- Wilson meetings with, 3
- Zambian view of, 150, 205
- Smith, Lt. Gen. William Y., 127, 137, 139, 147, 173, 175, 182
- Smith, Wayne, 92
- Smuts, Jan, 10
- Snell, John, 218
- Soares, Mário, 127
- Sobukwe clause, 7
- Soder, Karin, 234
- Sole, Donald Bell, 196
- Somalia, 35, 92, 136, 160, 186
- Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, 25, 88, 138, 156, 163, 196
- South Africa, Republic of (RSA) (see also
RSA subheadings under other subjects):
- Acts of Parliament:
- Afro-Asian position, 15
- Black African contacts with, 48
- British arms sales to, 34, 35, 36, 38
- Bureau of State Security (BOSS), 10
- Cape Town opera house opening, 49, 50, 51
- Chrome exports by, 37, 71
- DRC/Zaire, relations with, 165
- Economic sanctions against, 29, 32, 79
- Homelands, 71
- IAEA suspension of, 86
- ICJ advisory opinion procedings on SWA, 44
- Iran, relations with, 162
- Ivory Coast, relations with, 20
- Lesotho boundary dispute with, 238
- Liberation movements in, 68
- Malawi, relations with, 20
- Mozambique, relations with, 199
- NATO military cooperation with, 79
- Naval blockade requirements for, 29
- Nigeria, relations with, 99
- Nuclear energy program, 71
- OAU as seen by, 60
- Portugal, relations with, 87
- Rhodesia as obstacle to international acceptance of, 205
- Tanzanian-U.S. talks on, 194
- United Kingdom, relations with, 41
- United States, relations with:
- Aircraft carrier visit cancellation, 5
- Air Force Tracking Station 13, 71
- Arms embargo, 23, 40
- Arthur Ashe visa application, 12, 18, 19, 21
- Assignment of Black FSO to, 72
- Under Carter administration, 239
- Defense, 17
- Export-Import Bank loans, 71, 82, 83
- Expulsion of U.S. citizens, 47
- Kissinger-Vorster meetings, 196, 206, 239
- Military cooperation, 42, 83
- Mutual understanding on gold marketing, 22
- NASA tracking facility, 17, 71
- Nuclear fuel agreement, proposed, 63
- Nuclear power reactor sale to, 70
- Ocean surveillance, 78, 79, 80, 81, 137
- Rhodesian talks, 196, 199, 203, 205, 206, 236, 238, 239
- South West Africa/Namibia issues, 29
- Sugar quota, 17
- Trade amounts, 71
- Trade and investment, 17
- Visa restrictions on members of U.S. Congress, 12, 13
- U.N. membership, 9, 77, 78
- U.N. sanctions on:
- U.S. economic policy toward, 76
- U.S. policy toward, 17, 71
- Working conditions for non-whites at U.S. companies in, 45
- Southern Africa (see also individual countries):
- Southern African Development Fund, proposal, 17
- Southern African Students Program (SASP), 68
- Southern Africa Student Program, 17
- South West Africa/Namibia (see
also South West Africa/Namibia and
SWA
subheadings under other subjects; South West
Africa People’s Organization):
- Autonomy’s curtailment in, 1
- U.S. position, 2
- British-U.S. talks on, 197, 202
- Constituent Assembly:
- Continuance of RSA mandate over:
- Escher report on, 73, 74
- Ford-Carter administrations transition talks on, 239
- French-U.S. talks on, 197
- General Law Amendment Act as applied to, 13, 14
- German language status in, 1
- Homelands creation in, 1, 75
- Zambian position, 103
- ICJ status determination, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 44, 46, 54
- Independence for:
- Liberation movements in, U.S. relations with, 68
- RSA position, 13
- RSA–U.N. talks on, possible, 60
- South West Africa’s status, Proceedings for advisory opinion (1971), 44
- Tanzanian-U.S. talks on, 194
- Terrorist Act as applied to:
- U.N. role in:
- U.S. investment in, 29, 33, 71
- U.S. policy for, 5, 24, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33
- U.S.–RSA talks on, 54, 60, 238
- Waldheim contacts with RSA over, 73, 75
- Windhoek Conference, 197, 202, 203, 204, 205, 207, 230, 237, 238
- Zambian-U.S. talks and messages on, 103, 195, 205, 237
- Autonomy’s curtailment in, 1
- South West Africa People’s Organization (SWAPO):
- Soviet Union (see also Soviet subheadings under other subjects):
- Spain, James W., 194, 230
- Sparkman, John, 123
- Special Self-Help and Development Program, 17
- Spiers, Ronald, 202, 208
- Spinola, Gen. António de, 98, 101
- Stans, Maurice H., 96
- Steel, Henry, 221
- Stempel, John D., 13
- Stennis, John, 56
- Stevenson, John, 44, 45
- Stewart, Robert M.M., 16, 25
- Steyn, Lucas C., 7
- Stoel, Max van der, 234
- Strand, 152, 156
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT), 171
- Strategic and critical materials list, 69
- Sudan, 13, 92, 160
- Suez Canal’s reopening, 34
- Sugar, 94
- Sugar quotas, 52
- Sukarno, 58, 59
- Sulphur, 53
- Summ, Godfrey H., 75
- Sunday Telegraph, 203
- Swaziland, 17, 52, 71
- Sweden, 136, 191, 234
- Switzerland, 37
- Syria, 136, 203, 205
-
- Tan-Zam Railway, 89, 93
- Tanzania (see also Tanzania and Tanzanian subheadings
under other subjects):
- Angola government of national unity, 167
- British arms sales to South Africa, 34
- Chinese People’s Republic’s role in, 35, 87
- Dar es Salaam Conference (1976), 191
- FRELIMO bases in, 94
- MPLA government recognized by, 160
- Portugal, relations with, 87, 94
- United States, relations with, 17, 205
- U.N. membership for Angola, 136
- U.S. educational aid for refugees in, 68
- Zambia, relations with, 194
- Taswell, Harald L.T., 7, 13, 14, 18
- Thant, U, 27, 60
- Theis, Paul, 104
- Themido, Joao Hall, 131
- Thomaz, Américo, 97, 98
- Thompson, Alan R., 16
- Thorn, Gaston, 234
- Tibbetts, Margaret J., 89
- Tobin, Irwin, 92
- Todd, Garfield, 203, 236
- Toyvo Ya Toyvo, Herman, 205
- Training films, 42
- Transkei, 1, 236, 238
- Treasury, U.S. Department of the, 22, 23, 30, 31, 83
- Trinidad and Tobago, 160
- Troxel, Oliver L., Jr., 43
- Trudeau, Pierre Elliott, 208
- Tsumeb mining complex, 29
- Tunney Amendment, 151, 157, 163, 168, 182, 183, 186, 187
- Tunney, John, 151
- Turkey, 37
- Turnhalle Conference. See Windhoek Conference under South West Africa/Namibia.
-
- Uganda, 166
- Umba-di-Lutete, Jean-Theodore, 91, 99
- Union Carbide, 8, 20, 37, 39, 41
- United Arab Emirates (UAE), 234
- United Kingdom (UK) (see also British subheadings under other subjects):
- Closing of U.S. Consulate General in Rhodesia, 16, 23, 25, 27, 28
- Economic situation in, 198
- EEC membership for, 41
- ICJ advisory opinion proceedings on SWA, 44
- Portugal, relations with, 41
- South Africa, relations with, 41
- U.N. membership for Angola, 136
- Veto of RSA’s expulsion from U.N. by, 77
- Zambia, relations with, 41
- Zimbabwe Development Fund proposal, 234
- United Nations (U.N.) (see also U.N. subheadings under other subjects):
- African liberation movements, 68
- Angolan membership in, 136, 186, 188
- Decolonization Committee, 97
- Mozambique membership in, 104
- Portuguese view of, 90
- Refugee training programs, 29, 31, 32
- Rhodesia/Zimbawe possible supervision by, 203
- RSA membership in, 9, 77, 78
- SWA role of, 13, 14, 29, 73, 74
- Zimbabwe Development Fund, 234
- United Nations Charter:
- United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 105
- United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 194
- United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 223
- United Nations General Assembly (UNGA):
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), 68, 105
- United Nations Security Council (UNSC):
- United States Information Agency (USIA), 30, 31
- Universal Leaf Tobacco, 37
- Universal Postal Union (UPU), 68
- University of Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland (UBLS), 71
- Uranium, 204
- U.S. Steel, 53
-
- Vanadium, 71
- Vance, Cyrus, 235, 236, 238, 239
- Vance, Sheldon B.:
- Van den Bergh, Gen. Hendrik Johannes, 10, 196, 203
- Van der Byl, Pieter K., 223, 235
- Veneman, John, 96
- Vietnam, Republic of, 44
- Vietnam War, 13, 36
- Volpe, John, 96
- Vorster, Balthazar Johannes:
- Advisory council for South West Africa, 73
- Ashe visa application, 18, 21
- Bureau for State Security, 10
- Front Line states leaders’ meetings with, 103, 196
- Kaunda meeting with, 194
- Kissinger meetings with, 196, 206, 239
- Rhodesia/Zimbabwe:
- Richard talks with, 238, 239
- Smith meetings with, 201, 205, 206
- South West Africa, 103, 195, 204, 205, 207
- United Nations as disliked by, 205
-
- Waldheim, Kurt, 73, 75, 116, 196, 230
- Walker, Peter C., 110, 124
- Wall, Patrick, 230
- Walters, Lt. Gen. Vernon A., 139, 185
- Waring, Frank, 18, 19
- Warner, John S., 123, 183
- Watts, William, 20
- Wells, William, 123, 137, 139, 173
- Wheeler, Gen. Earle G., 6, 20, 23, 24, 28
- Widnall, William B., 22
- Wilkowski, Jean M., 103, 195
- Wilson, Harold:
- Wisner, Frank G., III, 211, 237
- Witman, William, II, 36
- Woodward, Bob, 153
- World Council of Peace, 92
- World Health Organization (WHO), 68
- World Peace Conference, 129
- Worrel, Stephen W., 192
- Worsthorne, Peregrine, 203
- Wright, Marshall, 46, 56, 63, 65, 70
- Wright, Patrick, 208
- Wyman, Tom, 45
-
- Zaire. See Congo, Democratic Republic of (DRC)/Zaire.
- Zambia (see also Zambia and Zambian subheadings under other
subjects):
- Angola government of national unity, 167
- Angolan civil war’s impact on, 148
- Botswana, relations with, 53
- British arms sales to South Africa, 34, 41
- British economic aid to, 193
- Diplomatic recognition of the MPLA by, 116, 173, 175, 180, 186
- DRC/Zaire support of FNLA/UNITA government in Angola, 166
- FRELIMO bases in, 94
- Portugal, relations with, 87, 94
- Rhodesian exports to, 56, 57
- Schaufele visit to, 157
- Tanzania, relations with, 194
- UNITA planes impounded by, 186
- United Kingdom, relations with, 41
- United States, relations with, 17, 43, 150
- U.S. economic aid to, 180
- U.S. educational aid for refugees in, 68
- U.S. support for FNLA/UNITA government in Angola, 150, 155, 156
- Zanzibar, 239
- Zhou Enlai, 205
- Ziegler, Ronald L., 25, 58, 62, 96
- Zimbabwe Development Fund, 234, 239
- Zimbabwe People’s Revolutionary Army (ZIPA), 221, 228, 231, 233, 235
- Zimbabwe. See Rhodesia/Zimbabwe.
- Zulu, Grey, 195