Historical Documents - Office of the Historian

Abshire, David M., Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs from April 1970 until January 1973

Adham, Kamal Sheik, Chief Advisor to King Faisal; Director of the Saudi Arabian Political Intelligence Bureau

Agnew, Spiro T., Vice President of the United States from January 1969 until October 1973

Ahidjo, Ahmadou, President of Cameroon

Amin, Idi, President of Uganda; President of the Organization of African Unity from July 1975 until July 1976

Andrew, Robert, Political Officer at the U.S. Embassy in Zaire

Ansary, Hushang, Iranian Minister of Economic Affairs and Finance

Antunes, Ernesto de Melo, see Melo Antunes, Ernesto de

Arenales, Alfonso, Deputy Director of the Office of Southern African Affairs, Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State

Armstrong, General R.F., Acting Chief of South African Defense Staff

Austin, Timothy, Assistant to Rogers C.B. Morton (Counsellor to the President for Political Affairs)

Azevedo, José Baptista Pinheiro de, Admiral, Portuguese Prime Minister from September 1975 until June 1976

Banda, Rupiah, Zambian Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1974 until 1975; Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1975 until 1976

Bergsten, C. Fred, member, National Security Council staff from 1969 until 1971

Bongo, Omar, President of Gabon

Botha, Roelof Frederik “Pik”, South African Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1974 until 1977; Ambassador to the United States from 1975 until 1977

Bowdler, William G., U.S. Ambassador to South Africa from May 1975 until April 1978

Brezhnev, Leonid I., General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union

Brown, George S., General, USAF; Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force from 1973 until 1974; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1974 until 1978

Brown, Robert L., Deputy Executive Secretary, Department of State

Buchanan, Thompson R., Director, Office of Central African Affairs, Department of State

Buchanan, Patrick, Special Assistant to the President until 1974

Buffum, William, Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs from 1973 until 1975

Bula, see Mandungu Bula Nyati

Bush, George H.W., U.S. Representative to the United Nations from February 1971 until January 1973; Head of the U.S. Liaison Office in Beijing from October 1974 until December 1975; Director of Central Intelligence from January 1976 until January 1977

Butler, Malcolm, member, National Security Council staff

Butterfield, Alexander P., Deputy Assistant to the President from January 1969 until January 1973

Byrd, Harry F., Jr., Democratic Senator from Virginia until 1970, Independent Senator from Virginia from 1970

Caetano, Marcello, Portuguese Prime Minister until 1974

Callaghan, James, British Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs from March 5, 1974, until April 5, 1976

Cardoso, Antonio Silva, Portuguese High Commissioner and Governor General in Angola from January 1975 until August 1975

Carlucci, Frank, U.S. Ambassador to Portugal from December 1974 until February 1978

Carter, Jimmy, Governor of Georgia, Democratic Party candidate in the 1976 Presidential election

Carter, W. Beverly, Jr., U.S. Ambassador to Tanzania from July 1972 until October 1975

Catto, Henry E., Jr., U.S. Representative to the United Nations in Geneva from July 1976 until April 1977

Chissano, Joaquim Alberto, leader of FRELIMO; Mozambican Foreign Minister from 1975

Chona, Mark, adviser to Zambian President Kenneth Kaunda

Clark, Richard, Democratic Senator from Iowa from 1973

Clements, William P., Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1971 until 1977

Colby, William E., Director of Central Intelligence from September 1973 until January 1976

Connally, John B., Jr., Secretary of the Treasury from January 1971 until May 1972

Connor, James E., White House Staff Secretary and Secretary to the Cabinet, Executive Office of the President from 1974

Costa Gomes, Francisco da, President of Portugal from September 1974 until July 1976

Coutinho, António Alva Rosa, High Commissioner of Angola from 1974 until 1975

Covey, James P., Office of the Secretary of State

Cromer, Third Earl of (Baring, George R.S.), Lieutenant Colonel, British Ambassador to the United States from 1971 until 1974

Crosby, Oliver S., Director of the Office of Southern African Affairs, Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State

Crosland, Anthony, British Foreign Secretary from April 1976

Cutler, Walter L., Director, Office of Central African Affairs, Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State; U.S. Ambassador to Zaire from November 1975

Davis, Nathaniel, Director General of the Foreign Service from November 1973 until March 1975; Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs from April 1975 until December 1975

Dellums, Ronald, Democratic Representative from California

Denney, George C., Deputy Director, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State

Devlin, Lawrence R., former Chief, Africa Division, Central Intelligence Agency

Diggs, Charles C., Jr., Democratic Representative from Michigan; Chairman of the Africa Subcommittee of the House Foreign Affairs Committee; Chairman of the Congressional Black Caucus from 1969 until 1971

Dobrynin, Anatoly, Soviet Ambassador to the United States

Douglas-Home, Sir Alec, British Foreign Secretary from June 1970 until March 1974

Eagleburger, Lawrence S., Deputy Under Secretary of State for Management from May 1975 until February 1977

Easum, Donald B., Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs from 1974 until 1975; U.S. Ambassador to Nigeria from 1975

Edmondson, William B., Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State; Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in South Africa from September 1974 until September 1975; Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State from 1976 until 1977

Ekangaki, Nzo, Secretary General of the Organization of African Unity from June 1972 until June 1974

Eliot, Theodore L., Jr., Special Assistant to the Secretary and Executive Secretary of the Department of State from August 1969 until September 1975

Ellsworth, Robert F., Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1975 until 1977

Eteki M’Boumoua, William A., Secretary General of the Organization of African Unity from June 1974

Fish, Howard M., Lieutenant General, USA; Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Security Assistance from August 1974

Flanigan, Peter M., Assistant to the President for International Economic Affairs from 1972 until 1974; Executive Director, Council for International Economic Policy from 1972 until 1974

Ford, Gerald R., Vice President of the United States from December 6, 1973, until August 9, 1974; President of the United States from August 9, 1974

Fourie, Bernadus Gerhardus “Brand”, South African Secretary of Foreign Affairs

Gabella, Elliott, Deputy President, African National Council

Garin, Vasco Vieira, Portuguese Ambassador to the United States

Gaylard, Jack, Secretary to the Cabinet, Rhodesia

Gebelt, Stephen G., Portugal Desk Officer, Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State, from November 1968 until September 1969; Deputy Chief of Mission at the U.S. Embassy in Lesotho from September 1969 until October 1970

Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry, President of France from 1974

Gomes, Francisco da Costa, see Costa Gomes, Francisco da

Granger, Clinton, member, National Security Council staff

Grennan, Dennis, British Special Adviser on Rhodesia

Gromyko, Andrei A., Soviet Foreign Minister

Habib, Philip C., Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from June 1976

Haldeman, H.R. “Bob”, White House Chief of Staff from January 1969 until April 1973

Hartman, Arthur, Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs from January 1974

Hawkins, Harold, Air Vice Marshal, Rhodesian diplomatic representative in South Africa

Healey, Denis W., British Chancellor of the Exchequer from March 1974

Heath, Edward R.G., British Prime Minister from June 1970 until March 1974

Helms, Richard M., Director of Central Intelligence until February 1973; U.S. Ambassador to Iran from April 1973

Hinton, Deane, U.S. Ambassador to Zaire from June 20, 1974, until June 18, 1975; U.S. Representative to the European Communities from January 1976

Hoffacker, Roscoe L., U.S. Ambassador to Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea from December 1969 until June 1972

Holloway, James, III, Admiral, Chief of Naval Operations from 1974

Horan, Harold E., member, National Security Council staff from 1973 until 1976

Hormats, Robert C., member, National Security Council staff

Houphouet-Boigny, Félix, President of the Ivory Coast

Humphrey, Hubert H., Democratic Senator from Minnesota from 1971

Hughes, Thomas L., Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State, until 1969

Hurd, John, U.S. Ambassador to South Africa from September 1970 until April 1975

Hyland, William G., Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State, from January 1974 until November 1975; Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from 1975 until 1976

Ingersoll, Robert S., Deputy Secretary of State from July 1974 until March 1976

Irwin, John N., II, Deputy Secretary of State from July 1972 until February 1973; U.S. Ambassador to France from March 1973 until October 1974

Jacobs, Martin, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Department of State

Johnson, U. Alexis, Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from February 1969 until February 1973; Ambassador at Large from February 1973; Chairman, Under Secretaries Committee of the National Security Council, 1973

Journiac, Rene, Special Assistant to French President Giscard d’Estaing

Kaduma, Ibrahim M., Tanzanian Foreign Minister

Kapuuo, Chief Clemens, Herero leader, Namibia

Kasanda, Peter, Special Assistant to President Kaunda of Zambia

Kaunda, Kenneth, President of Zambia; President of the Organization of African Unity from September 1970 until June 1971

Kennedy, Richard T., Colonel, USA; member, National Security Council staff from 1970 until 1972

Kenyatta, Jomo, President of Kenya

Khama, Sir Seretse, President of Botswana

Killoran, Thomas, U.S. Consul General in Luanda

Kissinger, Henry A., Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs until November 1975; Secretary of State from September 21, 1973, until January 20, 1977

Kleindienst, Richard G., Attorney General from June 12, 1972, until April 30, 1973

Knight, Ridgway, U.S. Ambassador to Portugal from July 1969 until February 1973

Laingen, R. Bruce, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs from 1975 until 1976

Laird, Melvin R., Secretary of Defense from January 1969 until January 1973

Landau, George W., Director of the Office of Spain and Portugal Affairs, Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State

Laver, Patrick, Head of the Rhodesia Department, British Foreign and Commonwealth Office

Leigh, Monroe, Department of State Legal Adviser from 1975 until 1976

Lord, Winston, member, National Security Council staff until 1973; Director of the Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from October 1973

Low, Stephen, U.S. Ambassador to Zambia from August 1976

MacBride, Sean, Assistant Secretary General of the United Nations, U.N. High Commissioner for Namibia from 1973

Machel, Samora, leader of the Liberation Front of Mozambique (FRELIMO) from 1969 until 1975; President of the People’s Republic of Mozambique from June 1975

Mahon, George H., Democratic Representative from Texas; Chairman, House Appropriations Committee; Chairman, Subcommittee on Defense of the House Appropriations Committee

Mandungu Bula Nyati, Zairian Foreign Minister from 1975 until 1976

Mansfield, Michael J., Democratic Senator from Montana; Senate Majority Leader

Marsh, John O., Counselor to President Ford

Maw, Carlyle E., Under Secretary of State for Security Assistance from July 1974 until September 1976

McCloskey, Robert J., Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs from February 1975 until September 1976

McGovern, George S., Democratic Senator from South Dakota

McKesson, John A., III, Director, Office of Central African Affairs, Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State, from 1970 until 1971; U.S. Ambassador to Gabon from February 1971 until June 1975

McNamara, Robert S., President, World Bank

Melo Antunes, Ernesto A. de, Portuguese Foreign Minister from 1975 until 1976

Millard, Guy E., Minister of the British Embassy in the United States

Mitchell, John N., Attorney General from January 1969 until February 1972

Mobutu, Sésé Seko (born Joseph-Désiré Mobutu), Lieutenant General, President of the Republic of the Congo (Zaire) and Minister of Defense

Mogwe, Archibald, Foreign Minister of Botswana from 1974

Mondlane, Eduardo, President of FRELIMO

Moore, Charles R., Acting Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs; U.S. Ambassador to Cameroon from July 1972 until July 1975; also accredited to Equatorial Guinea from January 1973 until July 1975

Moose, Richard M., staff member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee

Morris, Roger, member, National Security Council staff until 1971

Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, U.S. Ambassador to India from February 1973 until January 1975; U.S. Representative to the United Nations from June 1975 until February 1976

Mugabe, Robert, leader of the Zimbabwe People’s Army (ZIPA) and, in 1975, of the Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU)

Mulcahy, Edward W., U.S. Ambassador to Chad from 1972 until 1974; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs from 1974 until 1976

Muller, Hilgard, South African Minister of Foreign Affairs

Muzorewa, Abel, Bishop, leader of the United African National Council, Rhodesia

Mwaanga, Vernon, Zambian Permanent Representative to the United Nations until 1972; Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1973 until 1975

Mwale, Siteke G., Zambian Ambassador to the United States from 1974 until 1976; Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1976

Nelson, Harvey F., Jr., Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State

Nelson, William, Deputy Director for Operations, Central Intelligence Agency, from August 1973 until May 1976

Neto, Agostinho, leader of the Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA); President of Angola from November 1975

Newsom, David, U.S. Ambassador to Libya from October until June 1969; Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs from July 1969 until January 1974

Nguza Karl I Bond, Zairian Foreign Minister from 1972 to 1974 and again from 1976

Nixon, Richard M., President of the United States from January 20, 1969, until August 9, 1974

Nkomo, Joshua, leader of the Zimbabwe African People’s Union (ZAPU)

Nujoma, Samuel D., President of the Southwest Africa Peoples’Organization (SWAPO)

Nyerere, Julius, President of Tanzania

Obasanjo, Olusegun, Lieutenant General, Nigerian Head of State from 1976

Ogilvie, Donald G., Associate Director for National Security and International Affairs, Office of Management and Budget

O’Neill, Paul, Deputy Director, Office of Management and Budget from 1974

Packard, David, Deputy Secretary of Defense from January 1969 until December 1971

Palliser, Michael, British Permanent Under Secretary of State and Head of the Diplomatic Service from 1975

Palme, Olof, Swedish Prime Minister from October 1969 until October 1976

Palmer, Joseph, II, Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs until July 1969

Percy, Charles H., Republican Senator from Illinois

Peterson, Peter G., Secretary of Commerce from February 1972 until February 1973

Phillips, Christopher H., U.S. delegation to the United Nations

Pletcher, Charles H., Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State

Potts, James M., Chief, Africa Division, Central Intelligence Agency

Ramphal, Sir Shridath Surendranath “Sonny”, Commonwealth Secretary-General from 1975

Ramsbotham, Sir Peter, British Ambassador to the United States from 1974

Ratliff, Rob Roy, member, National Security Council staff; Executive Secretary of the 40 Committee

Reagan, Ronald W., Governor of California; Republican Party candidate in the 1976 Presidential election

Reid, Ogden R., Republican Representative from New York until 1972; Democratic Representative from New York from 1972 until 1975

Reinhardt, John E., U.S. Ambassador to Nigeria from December 1971 until February 1975; Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs from April 1975

Richard, Ivor, British Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1974; Chairman, Geneva Conference on Rhodesia

Richardson, Elliot L., Under Secretary of State until June 1970

Roberto, Holden A., leader of the Revolutionary Government of Angola in Exile (GRAE) and the National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA)

Robinson, Charles W., Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs from January 1975 until April 1976; Deputy Secretary of State from April 1976

Rodman, Peter W., member, National Security Council staff

Rogers, William D., Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs from October 1974 until June 1976; Under Secretary of State for Economic and Agricultural Affairs from June 1976 until December 1976

Rogers, William P., Secretary of State from January 22, 1969 until September 3, 1973

Roosevelt, Archibald B., Jr., Chief, Africa Division, Central Intelligence Agency

Rountree, William, U.S. Ambassador to South Africa until June 1970

Rowlands, Edward, British Minister of State from 1976

Rumsfeld, Donald H., Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council from February 1973 until December 1974; White House Chief of Staff from September 1974 until November 1975; Secretary of Defense from December 1975

Runyon, Charles, III, Assistant Legal Adviser for African Affairs, Department of State

Rush, Kenneth, U.S. Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany from July 1969 until February 1972; Deputy Secretary of Defense from February 1972 until January 1973; Deputy Secretary of State from February 1973 until May 1974; U.S. Ambassador to France from September 1974

Sadat, Anwar el-, President of Egypt from October 1970

Samuel, Richard C., Counselor of the British Embassy in the United States

Saunders, Harold H., member, National Security Council staff until 1974; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs from 1974 until 1975; thereafter, Director, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State

Sauvagnargues, Jean, French Foreign Minister from May 1974 until August 1976

Savimbi, Jonas, President of the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA)

Schaufele, William E., Jr., Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs from December 1975

Schlesinger, James, Director of Central Intelligence from January 2, 1973, until July 2, 1973; Secretary of Defense from July 2, 1973, until November 19, 1975

Schori, Pierre, Aide to Swedish Prime Minister Palme

Scott, David A., Assistant Under Secretary of State at the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office from 1970 until 1972; British High Commissioner to New Zealand and Governor of the Pitcairn Islands from 1973 until 1975; British Ambassador to South Africa from 1976

Scott, Hugh D., Jr., Republican Senator from Pennsylvania; Senate Minority Leader from September 1969

Scowcroft, Brent C., Lieutenant General, USA, Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from 1974 until November 2, 1975; Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from November 3, 1975 until January 20, 1977

Scranton, William W., U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations from January 1976 until January 1977

Seelye, Talcott W., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs from 1976

Seitz, Raymond G.H., Political Counselor, U.S. Embassy in the United Kingdom

Senghor, Leopold S., President of Senegal

Sisco, Joseph J., Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs from February 1969 until February 1974; Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from February 1974 until June 1976

Sithole, Ndabaningi, Reverend, founder, Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU)

Smith, David C., Rhodesian Minister of Agriculture until 1976; Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance from 1976

Smith, David S., U.S. Ambassador to Sweden from May 1976 until April 1977

Smith, Ian D., Prime Minister of Rhodesia

Smith, William Y., Lieutenant General, USAF; Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Soares, Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes, Portuguese Prime Minister from July 1976

Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, Counselor of the Department of State from January 1974 until February 1977

Spain, James W., U.S. Ambassador to Tanzania from November 1975

Spinola, António de, General, Portuguese President from April 25, 1974, until September 30, 1974

Stans, Maurice H., Secretary of Commerce from January 1969 until February 1972

Steel, Henry, British Legal Adviser for the Geneva Conference on Rhodesia

Stevenson, John, Legal Adviser, Department of State

Stewart, Robert Michael Maitland, British Foreign Secretary from March 1968 until June 1970

Taswell, Harald L.T., South African Ambassador to the United States until August 1971

Thompson, Alan R., Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State

Tibbetts, Margaret J., Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State

Vance, Cyrus, Secretary of State-designate

Vance, Sheldon B., U.S. Ambassador to Zaire from June 1969 until March 1974

Van den Berg, Hendrik Johannes, Director, Bureau for State Security and Security Adviser to the Rhodesian Prime Minister

Van der Byl, Pieter K., Rhodesian Minister of Foreign Affairs and Defense

Vorster (also Voerster), Balthazar Johannes, South African Prime Minister

Waldheim, Kurt, Secretary General of the United Nations from January 1972

Walker, Peter C., U.S. Consul General, Lourenco Marques

Walters, Vernon A., Lieutenant General, USA; Deputy Director of Central Intelligence from 1972 until 1976

Wilkowski, Jean M., U.S. Ambassador to Zambia from September 1972 until July 1976

Wisner, Frank G., III, Director, Office of South African Affairs, Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State

Witman, William, II, Director, Office of Inter-African Affairs, Department of State

Worrel, Stephen W., Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State

Wright, Marshall, member, National Security Council staff for African and United Nations Affairs

Young, Andrew J., U.S. Representative-designate to the United Nations

Ziegler, Ronald L., White House Press Secretary from 1969 until 1974

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1969–1976, Volume XXVIII, Southern Africa

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