Index
References are to document numbers
-
- Aaron, David L.:
- Acosta Hernandez, Valentin, 163
- Adams, Brock:
- AFL-CIO, 94
- Aguilar, Andres, 102
- Ahumada, Adolpho, 21, 66
- Albright, Madeleine, 170, 209, 220, 264
- Alexander, Bill, 18
- Alexander, Clifford L., Jr.:
- Allen, James B., 7, 60, 104, 146, 148, 149
- American Convention on Human Rights (San José pact), 102, 176
- American Legion, 6
- Andean Pact, 235
- Anderson, Adm. George W., Jr., 51
- Anderson, David, 157
- Anderson, Jack, 22, 54
- Andrus, Cecil D., 89, 96, 99, 139, 140, 145
- Aragon, Joseph, 43, 96, 98, 99, 140
- Argentina, 35
- Arias, Arnulfo, 179, 183
- Armacost, Michael, 266
- Armao, Robert, 261, 265
- Asao, Shinichiro, 266
- Askew, Reubin, 266
- Atlantic-Pacific Interoceanic Canal Commission, 76
- Atwood, J. Brian, 208, 221, 237, 243
- AuCoin, Walter “Les,” 221
-
- Baas, Marc, 164
- Baker, Howard H., Jr.:
- Barkley, Richard C., 22, 55
- Barletta, Nicolás Ardito, 52, 58, 66, 94, 147
- Barraclough, William G., 164
- Bartlett, Dewey F., 152
- Baucus, Max, 151
- Bauman, Robert E., 83, 209, 215, 217, 221, 234, 244
- Bayh, Birch, 146
- Beckel, Robert G.:
- Becker, John P., 22
- Belize, 240
- Bell, Griffin B., 89, 96, 99, 140, 205
- Bell, S. Morey, 9, 21, 32, 49, 55
- Bellido, Lt. Col., 94
- Bellmon, Henry L., 41, 53, 151
- Bennet, Douglas J., Jr.:
- Berger, Samuel R., 127
- Bergland, Robert, 96, 99, 140, 145
- Biden, Joseph R., Jr., 105
- Bilonick, Ricardo, 39, 198
- Blake, John, 140
- Blake, Mel, 265
- Blum, Barbara, 140
- Blumenfeld, Michael, 246
- Blumenthal, W. Michael, 65, 89, 96, 99, 140, 205, 226
- Bonior, David E., 221
- Borg, C. Arthur, 24
- Boston-Panama expropriation case, 102
- Bourne, Peter, 140
- Bowdler, William G.:
- Bowen, David, 215, 217, 221, 223
- Bowie, Robert R., 65
- Boyd, Aquilino Edgardo:
- Brademas, John, 247
- Bremer, L. Paul, III, 271
- Brizill, Dorothy A., 81, 127
- Brooke, Edward W., III, 151
- Brooks, Col. Elmer T., 24, 55
- Broomfield, William, 232
- Brown, Gen. George S.:
- Brown, Hallah, 102
- Brown, Harold:
- Cuban-Panamanian relations, 11
- Panama Canal treaty implementation, 216
- Panama Canal treaty negotiations, 22, 30, 40, 89, 91, 93
- Panama Canal treaty ratification process:
- Panamanian involvement in the Nicaraguan Revolution, 234
- Sea-level canal provisions, 266
- U.S.-Panamanian post-treaty relations, 274
- U.S. policy review, 2, 6, 8
- Brzezinski, Zbigniew K.:
- Cuban-Panamanian relations, 29
- Latin American countries, 35, 55, 190
- Libyan-Panamanian relations, 29
- Panama Canal operating expenses, 48
- Panama Canal treaty implementation:
- Harold Brown memoranda, 216
- Carter Panama visit (June 1978), 171, 176, 183
- Ceremony (Oct. 1979), 239
- Costs of, 220
- House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee on, 209
- Legislation for, 206
- Ratification documents, 182, 184
- U.S. Board of Directors membership, 254
- U.S. government organization for, 170, 173, 177, 178, 181, 205, 206, 207
- U.S.-Panamanian planning, 179, 217, 225
- Panama Canal treaty negotiations:
- Feb. 1977 negotiating round, 20, 23
- May-July 1977 negotiating round, 39, 63, 65, 68, 69, 70, 71
- Final stages (Aug. 1977), 89, 94
- Carter communications, 62
- Congressional legal role in, 50
- Joint Chiefs of Staff responses, 93
- National committee proposals, 43
- Policy Review Committee memoranda, 24
- Sea-level canal provisions, 84
- U.S. negotiating strategy, 14
- Panama Canal treaty ratification process:
- Cabinet discussions, 96, 99, 140, 145
- Jordan-Galindo discussions, 122
- Pastor memoranda, 122
- Pastor Panama visit, 116, 118
- Sabotage planning, 153
- Senate delegations to Panama, 119
- Senate Select Committee on Intelligence investigations, 97
- Strategy planning, 98, 141, 166
- U.S.-Panamanian communications, 111, 113
- U.S.-Venezuelan discussions, 163
- Panamanian involvement in the Nicaraguan Revolution, 195, 198, 206, 230, 231, 234, 235
- Panamanian political situation, 183, 202
- Salvadoran Civil War, 260, 262, 272
- Sea-level canal provisions, 84, 264, 266
- Shah of Iran residence in Panama, 250, 254
- Soviet-Panamanian relations, 200
- U.S. investment mission to Panama, 226, 248
- U.S. policy review, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8
- Buchanan, John, 232
- Bunker, Ellsworth:
- Panama Canal treaty implementation, 157
- Panama Canal treaty negotiations:
- Feb. 1977 negotiating round, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23
- Mar. 1977 negotiating round, 27, 28
- May-July 1977 negotiating round:
- Final stages (Aug. 1977), 73, 75, 76, 80, 81, 89
- Bunker-Linowitz-Reagan meeting, 87
- Congressional briefings, 41, 53, 55
- Congressional lobbying strategy, 23, 24
- Defense Department role in, 30
- House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee meeting, 83
- Latin American countries briefings, 31, 55
- Latin American views of, 35
- Linowitz appointment, 5, 14
- National committee proposals, 43
- Sea-level canal provisions, 64
- U.S. negotiating strategy, 14, 32, 57
- Vance-Boyd meetings, 9
- Panama Canal treaty ratification process:
- U.S. policy review, 3, 6, 8
- Burdick, Quentin N., 138, 139, 151, 152
- Burke, Adm. Arleigh A., 51
- Burns, D., 164
- Bushnell, John A., 164, 238, 249
- Butler, Landon, 43, 45, 89, 96, 98, 145, 188
- Byrd, Harry F., 7, 23, 51
- Byrd, Robert C.:
- Panama Canal treaty negotiations, 7, 23, 41, 45, 51, 53, 55, 62
- Panama Canal treaty ratification process:
- Allen amendment, 148, 149
- Brown letter to, 150
- Cabinet discussions, 145
- Christopher discussions, 133, 146
- Linowitz memoranda, 132
- Panama delegation, 119
- Status reports, 124, 143, 148, 151
- Strategy planning, 137
- Thomson memoranda, 104
- Torrijos correspondence, 125
- U.S.-Panamanian communications, 103, 116
- Vance memoranda, 109, 128
- Soviet-Panamanian relations, 200
-
- Cabrera, Jose Maria, 275
- Califano, Joseph A., Jr., 96, 140, 145, 151
- Calderón, Jamie Arias, 17, 21, 27, 58, 111
- Campbell, Alan K., 89, 99, 205
- Cannon, Howard, 139, 142, 151, 152
- Carasco, Jorge, 15
- Carney, Adm. Robert B., 51
- Carpenter, Lt. Col. William S., 65
- Carrasco, Jorge, 116
- Carroll, G. F., 57
- Carroll, Julian, 131
- Carswell, Robert, 145
- Carter, Hodding, III, 24, 30, 52
- Carter, Hugh, 96, 99, 140, 145
- Carter, James Earl, Jr., (“Jimmy”) (see
also Carter-Torrijos correspondence):
- Panama Canal operating expenses, 48
- Panama Canal treaty implementation:
- Brown memoranda, 216
- Christopher-Murphy discussions, 218
- Costs of, 222
- Hansen amendments, 180
- House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee on, 214, 215, 229
- Legislation for, Christopher memoranda, 169
- Panama visit (June 1978), 169, 171, 176, 179, 183
- Ratification documents, 182, 184
- Royo correspondence, 224, 245, 255, 263, 269, 277
- Statement (Sept. 20, 1979), 242
- Torrijos correspondence, 185, 199, 277
- U.S. Board of Directors membership, 249, 254, 255
- U.S. economic aid to Panama and, 169, 189
- U.S. Government organization for, 169, 188, 206, 207
- U.S.-Panamanian planning, 169, 175, 217, 224, 225
- White House briefing, 223
- Panama Canal treaty negotiations:
- Feb. 1977 negotiating round, 18, 19, 20, 23
- May-July 1977 negotiating round:
- Final stages (Aug. 1977):
- Bunker-Linowitz-Reagan meeting, 87
- Chiefs of Naval Operations letter, 51
- Communications to Congress, 62, 78, 82
- Congressional leadership discussions, 3, 5
- Congressional legal role in, 50
- Department of Defense responses, 91
- Galindo welcome remarks (May 16, 1977), 39
- House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee meeting, 83
- Latin American countries briefings, 31
- National committee proposals, 43
- News conference (June 30, 1977), 58
- Torrijos correspondence, 14, 19, 23, 25, 27, 68, 72
- Torrijos meetings, 66, 94
- U.S. negotiating strategy, 7, 14
- U.S. presidential campaign (1976), 1
- Vance memoranda, 33, 69
- Panama Canal treaty ratification process, 162
- Allen amendment, 148, 149
- Brzezinski memoranda, 111
- Byrd-Torrijos correspondence, 125
- Cabinet discussions, 96, 99, 140, 145
- Christopher-Byrd discussions, 133, 146
- Christopher memoranda, 105, 106, 107
- DeConcini amendment, 159, 160, 163, 167
- Dole and Wallop amendments, 158
- Fireside chat (Feb. 1, 1978), 99
- Jordan-Galindo discussions, 122
- Jordan/Pastor-Torrijos meetings, 112
- Linowitz memoranda, 132
- Panama plebiscite, 117, 132
- Pastor Panama visit, 118
- Phone calls, 142
- Senate delegations to Panama, 119, 129
- Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearings, 101, 106, 109, 128, 135
- Senate Select Committee on Intelligence investigations, 97, 100, 148
- Speech, 134
- Status reports, 114, 143, 148, 151
- Strategy planning, 126, 137, 138, 139, 141, 152
- Thomson memoranda, 104
- Todman-Torrijos meetings, 103
- Torrijos correspondence, 110, 117, 118, 121, 155, 158, 168
- Torrijos discussions, 111, 113, 156, 159
- Town hall meetings, 126
- U.S.-Venezuelan discussions, 163
- Vance-Javits/Ribicoff discussions, 126
- Vance memoranda, 109, 123, 137
- Vance speeches, 131
- Panamanian involvement in the Nicaraguan Revolution, 196, 206, 228, 231, 234, 235
- Panamanian public protests, 47
- Royo correspondence, 224, 245, 251, 252, 255, 263, 269, 277
- Salvadoran Civil War, 258, 270, 272
- Sea-level canal provisions, 64, 65, 76, 84, 108, 133, 266
- Shah of Iran residence in Panama, 218, 250, 251, 252
- U.S. investment mission to Panama, 224
- U.S. policy review, 7, 8, 12
- U.S. presidential campaign (1976), 1
- Carter administration transition. See U.S. policy review.
- Carter-Torrijos correspondence:
- Carter, J. Hodding, III, 30, 52
- Case, Clifford P., Jr., 15, 41, 53, 105, 109, 115
- Castro, Fidel (see also Cuban-Panamanian relations), 102, 130, 179
- Castrodale, Richard, 203
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA):
- Chafee, John, 6, 129
- Champion, Hale, 89, 99
- Chester, Geraldeen, 214
- Chile, 35
- Chiles, Lawton, 55
- Chinese-Panamanian relations, 270
- Christopher, Warren M.:
- Cuban-Panamanian relations, 29
- Libyan-Panamanian relations, 29
- Panama Canal treaty implementation:
- Christopher-Stennis-Levin discussions, 237
- Circular 175 request, 219
- Costs of, 187, 211
- House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee on, 208, 214
- Legislation for, 169
- Murphy discussions, 218
- Popper memoranda, 244
- U.S. committee membership,
246 - U.S. Government organization for, 169, 186, 191, 201, 273
- U.S.-Panamanian planning, 169, 191, 224, 236
- Vance breakfast meeting, 221
- Panama Canal treaty negotiations:
- Panama Canal treaty ratification process, 105, 106,
107
- Byrd discussions, 133, 146
- DeConcini amendment, 159, 165, 166, 167
- Environmental groups statement, 127
- GSP sugar benefits and, 164
- Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearings, 101, 106, 128, 135
- Status reports, 143, 151
- Strategy planning, 137
- U.S.-Panamanian communications, 111, 125, 136
- Vance memoranda, 109
- Vance speeches, 131
- Panamanian involvement in Belize, 240
- Panamanian involvement in the Nicaraguan Revolution, 198, 227, 236
- Salvadoran Civil War, 267
- Sea-level canal provisions, 133,
266 - Shah of Iran residence in Panama, 218, 250, 253, 261
- U.S. economic aid to Panama, 73, 169, 191
- Church, Frank, 55, 105, 109, 115, 159, 200
- Clark, Richard C., 115
- Claytor, W. Graham, Jr., 241, 246, 258,
273 - Clift, A. Denis, 98, 247
- Collins, Foster, 66
- Colombia (see also Latin American
countries), 31, 35, 54, 66,
258 - Commission on U.S.-Latin American Relations, 5, 12
- Congress, U.S. (see also Congressional support for Panama Canal treaty negotiations; House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee; Senate Foreign Relations Committee):
- Congressional support for Panama Canal treaty negotiations (see also Panama Canal treaty implementation;
Panama Canal treaty ratification process):
- Administration lobbying interactions:
- Bell memoranda, 32
- Carter communications, 62, 78, 82
- Carter-Congressional leadership discussions, 3, 5
- Chiefs of Naval Operations letter, 51
- House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee meeting, 83
- Linowitz-Bunker-O’Neill discussions, 23
- Mondale meeting, 74
- Senate Judiciary Subcommittee hearings, 60
- Administration lobbying strategy:
- Legal role, 50
- Panamanian contacts with Congress:
- Status reports:
- Administration lobbying interactions:
- Conlin, Col. John, 4, 10
- Connally, John, 90
- Consalvi, Simon Bottaro, 163
- Contreras, Lt. Col. Armando, 58, 61, 66, 172
- Cooper, John Sherman, 94
- Cooper, Richard N., 58, 59, 65, 67
- Costanza, Midge, 140
- Costa Rica (see also Latin American countries), 35, 54, 66
- Costle, Douglas M., 89, 96, 99, 145
- Cranston, Alan:
- Cronkite, Walter, 165
- Cuban-Panamanian relations (see also Nicaraguan Revolution, Panamanian involvement in):
- Curtis, Carl T., 53
- Curtis, David, 41
- Cutler, Lloyd, 261
- Cutter, Curtis C., 41, 56
- Cutter, W. Bowman, 55
-
- Danforth, John C., 139
- Davis, Jeanne W., 6
- DeConcini, Dennis W.:
- Defense, U.S. Department of (DOD) (see also Brown, Harold), 3, 22, 30, 91, 157, 178
- De la Espriella, Ricardo, 193, 258, 262
- De la Rosa, Alexander, 52
- De la Rosa, Diogenes, 66
- Delgado, 262
- Denend, Leslie G., 260
- Derwinski, Edward, 218, 221, 223
- Dikeos, Victor H., 194
- Dion, Mark, 52
- Dobelle, Evan, 92
- Documents not declassified, 37, 46
- Dodson, Christine, 63, 77, 84
- Dole, Robert, 107, 146, 148, 152, 158, 164
- Dolvin, Lt. Gen. Welborn G.:
- Domenici, Pete, 55, 151, 152
- Dornan, Robert, 77, 83
- Duncan, Charles W., Jr.:
-
- Eastland, James O., 41, 53, 109
- Egan, Michael, 145
- Eizenstat, Stuart E., 89, 96, 99, 140, 145, 264
- Eleta, Fernando, 217
- El Salvador. See Salvadoran Civil War
- Erb, Guy F., 163
- Escobar Bethancourt, Rómulo:
- Escovar Salom, Ramon, 55
-
- Fabrega Velarde, Edwin:
- Facio Segreda, Gonzalo J., 35
- Fallows, James M., 134
- Fascell, Dante B., 221
- Figgins, Dan, 238
- Figuerido, Reinaldo, 163
- Findley, Paul, 221
- Fish, Hamilton, 243
- Fisher, George, 34
- Fithian, Floyd, 232
- Ford, Charles R., 22, 40, 57
- Ford, Gerald R., 1, 92, 138, 139, 142, 145
- Ford, Wendell H., 124, 131, 138, 139, 143, 151, 161
- Foreign Assistance Act (1961), 102
- François-Poncet, Jean, 250
- Frank, Jane, 89, 96, 99, 140, 145
- Frawley, Betsy, 208
- Freibers, 24, 55
- Fukuda, Hiroshi, 266
-
- Garcia Marquez, Gabriel, 102
- Garn, Jake, 129
- Gates, Thomas, 151
- Geber, Anthony, 164
- Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), 164
- Ghotbzadeh, Sadegh, 256
- Gilman, Ben, 232
- Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry, 250
- Glenn, John H., Jr., 105, 107, 109, 115
- Gold, Marty, 11
- Goldsmith, Sydney, 13
- Goldwater, Barry, 41, 53, 109, 116, 138, 152
- Gonzalez, Raymond E., 80, 116
- Gonzalez, Rodrigo “Rory,” 21, 28, 66, 94, 116, 194
- Gonzalez-Revilla, Nicolas:
- Granum, Rex, 89, 96, 99, 140, 145
- Gravel, Mike, 64, 264
- Gregg, Donald, 266
- Griffin, Robert P., 124, 133, 152
- Grove, Brandon H., Jr., 203, 238, 240
- Guthrie, Donald K., 53, 56, 60
-
- Haahr, James C., 127, 203, 227, 238, 239, 247, 257
- Habib, Philip C., 13, 52, 145
- Hamilton, Lee H., 32, 166
- Hanley, James M., 209, 247
- Hanniford, Peter, 87
- Hansell, Herbert J., 60, 157, 208, 219
- Hansen, Clifford, 152
- Hansen, George, 218, 221
- Harden, Richard, 96, 99, 140, 145
- Harris, Patricia R., 89, 96, 145
- Hatch, Orrin, 33, 55
- Hatfield, Mark, 124, 139, 151
- Hayakawa, Samuel, 33, 124
- Heckler, Peggy, 243
- Heinz, Henry John, III, 55, 138, 139, 151
- Helms, Jesse A., 51, 62
- Hemenway, Brewster R., 238
- Herrera Perdomo, Ruben Dario, 66
- Hervas, Antonio J.:
- Hickenlooper amendment, 102
- Hodges, Kaneaster, Jr., 138, 139, 148
- Hodges, Luther H., Jr., 248
- Hoinkes, Mary E., 127
- Holbrooke, Richard C., 164, 266
- Holcomb, Rear Adm. M. Staser, 22, 77
- Hollings, Ernest F. “Fritz,” 99, 114, 124
- Holloway, Adm. James L., III, 4, 22,
151 - Holloway, Anne Forrester, 89, 145
- Hornblow, Michael, 39
- House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee:
- House Post Office and Civil Service Committee, 209, 215
- Hubbard, Carroll, 83, 208, 229, 234, 236
- Huddleston, Walter Dee, 55, 119, 131
- Hufstedler, Shirley Mount, 89, 96, 99, 140, 145
- Humphrey, Hubert H., Jr., 15, 41, 53, 99, 124
- Hurtado, Hector, 163
- Hutcheson, Richard, 215, 222
- Hyland, William G., 6, 76
-
- Iida, Cornelius, 266
- Illueca, Jorge Enrique, 9, 256, 271, 275
- Inderfurth, Karl F. “Rick”, 63, 98, 116, 166
- Inouye, Daniel K., 11, 100, 109
- Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, 102
- Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), 189
- Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Treaty), 3
- Iran. See Shah of Iran residence in Panama
- Iranian hostage crisis, 253, 256
- Iribarren, Ignacio, 163
-
- Jackson, Bill, 261
- Jackson, Henry M. “Scoop”, 41, 53, 109
- Jamaica, 185
- Janis, Jay, 99, 140
- Japan, 266
- Javits, Jacob K., 6, 105, 115, 126
- Jeffords, Jim, 243
- Jenkins, Edgar, 232
- Johnson, Lyndon B., 3
- Johnston, J. Bennett, 55, 152
- Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) (see also Brown, Gen. George S.), 22, 40, 77, 89, 93
- Jones, Gen. David C.:
- Jones, Norvill, 128
- Jordan, Hamilton:
- Jorden, William J.:
-
- Kato, Koichi, 266
- Katori, Yasue, 266
- Katz, Julius L., 164
- Kawashima, Yutaka, 266
- Kerwin, Gen. Walter T. (“Dutch”), 22
- Kester, John, 140
- Kissinger, Henry A. (see also Tack-Kissinger principles):
- Knoche, Enno H., 6, 11
- Komer, Robert W., 273
- Kozak, Michael G., 55
- Kraft, Tim, 89, 92, 96, 99
- Kreps, Juanita M., 89, 96, 99, 140, 145, 205, 226
-
- Lakas Bahas, Demetrio Basilio, 175
- Lake, W. Anthony, 163
- Lamb, Denis, 105
- Lampert, Harvey D., 35
- Lance, Bert, 89, 96, 99, 139, 140, 145
- Latin America. See Latin American countries; U.S.-Latin American relations
- Latin American countries:
- Laxalt, Paul, 41, 53, 151
- Leach, Jim, 232
- Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman, 94
- Lesseur Lauria, Carmelo, 163
- Levin, Carl, 237
- Levitas, Elliott, 232
- Lewis Galindo, Gabriel:
- Panama Canal treaty implementation, 176, 204, 210, 224
- Panama Canal treaty negotiations, 39, 49, 54, 67, 71, 94
- Panama Canal treaty ratification process:
- Panamanian involvement in Belize, 240
- Panamanian involvement in the Nicaraguan Revolution, 193, 198, 231
- Panamanian political situation, 193, 202
- Political situation, 179, 202
- Salvadoran Civil War, 262, 270
- Sea-level canal provisions, 264
- Shah of Iran residence in Panama, 252, 256
- Libyan-Panamanian relations, 29, 54, 103
- Linowitz, Sol M.:
- Appointment of, 1, 5, 7, 9, 14
- Panama Canal treaty negotiations:
- Feb. 1977 negotiating round, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23
- Mar. 1977 negotiating round, 27, 28
- May-July 1977 negotiating round, 36, 54
- Final stages (Aug. 1977), 73, 75, 76, 80, 81, 89
- Bunker-Linowitz-Reagan meeting, 87
- Congressional briefings, 41, 53, 55
- Congressional lobbying strategy, 23, 24
- House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee meeting, 83
- Latin American countries briefings, 31, 55
- Latin American views of, 35
- National committee proposals, 43
- Sea-level canal provisions, 64
- U.S. negotiating strategy, 14, 32
- U.S. presidential campaign (1976), 1
- Vance-Boyd meetings, 9
- Panama Canal treaty ratification process, 97, 100, 113, 115, 116, 132, 139
- U.S. policy review, 6, 8, 12
- Lipshutz, Robert J., 89, 140, 145
- Long, Russell B., 41, 53, 151
- Lopez, Alfredo, 224
- Lopez Guevara, Carlos, 66, 107, 210
- López Michelson, Alfonso, 21, 31, 35, 54
- López-Portillo, Jose Ramon, 85
- Luers, William H., 22
-
- Madigan, Mike, 11
- Madonna, R. C., 276
- Majano, Col. Adolfo, 268
- Manfredo, Fernando, 113, 210, 275
- Mansfield, Mike, 266
- Mansfield, William H., III, 127
- Marshall, Ray, 89, 96, 99, 140, 145
- Massey, Donald F., 11
- Matsunaga, Spark, 119, 124, 148
- Matsuura, Koichiro, 266
- McAfee, William, 240
- McAuliffe, Eugene V., 22
- McAuliffe, Lt. Gen. Dennis P., 6, 10, 26, 172, 223, 275
- McBride, Gen. William V., 22
- McCall, Dick, 124
- McClellan, John L., 51, 62
- McClory, Bob, 232, 243
- McCloskey, Paul N., Jr., 83
- McCullough, David, 134
- McDonald, Lawrence, 107
- McGee, Gale W., 52
- McGiffert, David E., 172, 194, 204, 212, 274, 275
- McGovern, George, 105
- McGowan, Arturo, 116
- McIntyre, James T., Jr., 108, 139, 188, 189, 205, 222
- Meany, William George, 139
- Melcher, John, 139, 148, 151, 152
- Metcalf, Lee, 151
- Metzenbaum, Howard, 119
- Mexico (see also Latin American countries), 54, 85, 176
- Michel, Robert, 232
- Midgail, Carl, 116
- Miller, William, 266
- Mitchell, Bunny, 89, 96, 99, 140, 145
- Mizrachi letter, 54
- Moe, Richard, 89, 96, 99, 145
- Mondale, Walter F.:
- Moore, Frank, 89
- Moorer, Adm. Thomas H., 51, 109
- Morgan, Robert B., 55, 114, 124
- Morse, 265
- Moss, Ambler H., Jr.:
- Iranian hostage crisis, 256
- Panama Canal treaty implementation, 209, 217, 223, 224, 236, 269, 275
- Panama Canal treaty negotiations, 22, 55, 60, 80
- Panama Canal treaty ratification process, 119, 127
- Panamanian involvement in Belize, 240
- Panamanian involvement in the Nicaraguan Revolution, 227, 230, 231, 235, 238
- Panamanian political situation, 193
- Salvadoran Civil War, 258, 259, 260, 262, 267, 268
- Sea-level canal provisions, 264
- Shah of Iran residence in Panama, 252, 253, 254, 256, 261, 265
- Soviet-Panamanian relations,
200 - U.S.-Panamanian post-treaty relations, 257, 274
- Moyers, Bill, 114, 116
- Murphy, Daniel J., 32
- Murphy, John M. “Jack” (see also House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee):
- Muskie, Edmund S., 266, 268, 271
-
- Nachmanoff, Arnold, 65
- National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), 127
- National Intelligence Estimates, NIE 84-1-77, “Panama: Developments and Prospects,” 3
- National Security Decision Memoranda (NSDM):
- Nelson, Gaylord, 74
- Newsom, David D., 253
- Nicaragua (see also Nicaraguan Revolution, Panamanian involvement in), 35
- Nicaraguan Revolution, Panamanian involvement in:
- Bennet memoranda, 208
- Brzezinski-Gonzalez Revilla discussions, 195, 198
- Brzezinski memoranda, 206, 235
- Carter-Torrijos discussions, 196
- Christopher memoranda, 227,
236 - Intelligence reports, 233
- McAuliffe testimony, 234
- Pastor-Gonzalez Revilla discussions, 197
- Pastor-Lewis Galindo discussions, 202
- Pastor/Moss-Lewis Galindo discussions, 193
- Pastor/Moss Panama mission, 230, 231
- U.S. aid to Nicaragua and, 238, 247
- Vance memoranda, 203, 228
- Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), 179
- Noriega, Lt. Col. Manuel, 94, 153, 183, 230, 252, 267
- Numata, Sadaaki, 266
- Nunn, Samuel, Jr., 109, 138, 139, 151
- Nutting, Lt. Gen. Wallace, 276
-
- Oberstar, James L., 83, 221
- Obey, David R., 32
- Office of Management and Budget, 169, 170, 188
- Ogura, Kazuo, 266
- Ohira, Masayoshi, 266
- Okawara, Yoshio, 266
- Okita, Saburo, 266
- O’Leary, Jeremiah, 116
- O’Mahony, Joseph E., 164
- O’Neill, Thomas Phillip (“Tip”), Jr., 23, 206
- Orfila, Alejandro, 86, 88, 160, 217
- Organization of American States (OAS), 52, 86, 90, 160
- Owen, Henry D., 264, 266
- Ozores Typaldos, Carlos, 66, 224, 271
-
- Packman, Martin, 20, 35
- Panama Canal Act (1979), 245
- Panama Canal operating expenses, 48
- Panama Canal treaty. See Panama Canal treaty implementation; Panama Canal treaty negotiations; Panama Canal treaty ratification process.
- Panama Canal treaty implementation (see
also Nicaraguan Revolution, Panamanian involvement in):
- Brooke amendment, 169, 171
- Brown memoranda, 216
- Carter Panama visit (June 1978), 169, 171, 176, 179, 183
- Carter-Royo correspondence, 224, 245, 263, 269, 277
- Carter statement (Sept. 20, 1979), 242
- Carter-Torrijos correspondence, 185, 199, 277
- Ceremony (Oct. 1979), 239, 247
- Christopher-Murphy discussions, 218
- Christopher-Stennis-Levin discussions, 237
- Circular 175 request, 219
- Consultative Committee meeting, 275
- Costs of, 187, 211, 220, 221, 222, 223
- Dolvin memoranda, 212
- Hansen amendments, 180
- House Foreign Affairs Committee on, 215
- House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee on, 208, 209, 212, 214, 215, 217, 220, 229, 235
- House Post Office and Civil Service Committee on, 209, 215
- House-Senate differences, 237, 241
- Intelligence reports, 210
- Joint Chiefs of Staff letter to Torrijos, 276
- Legislation for, Christopher memoranda, 169
- Muskie-Ozores discussions, 271
- Popper memoranda, 244
- Ratification documents, 172, 182, 184
- Soviet-Panamanian relations and, 200
- Tarnoff memoranda, 242
- U.S. Board of Directors membership, 249, 254, 255
- U.S. committee membership, 246
- U.S. economic aid to Panama and, 169, 189, 191, 213, 217, 224
- U.S. Government organization for:
- U.S.-Panamanian planning:
- Vance breakfast meeting, 221
- Vance phone calls, 232, 243
- White House briefing, 223
- Panama Canal treaty negotiations:
- Feb. 1977 negotiating round:
- Mar. 1977 negotiating round, 27, 28
- May-July 1977 negotiating round:
- Brzezinski-Lewis Galindo discussions, 39
- Brzezinski memoranda, 63, 68, 70
- Carter meetings, 71
- Carter-Torrijos correspondence, 68, 72
- Carter welcoming remarks, 39
- Christopher memoranda, 38, 44
- CIA information cables, 66
- Linowitz memoranda, 36, 54
- Meeting minutes, 58
- Policy Review Committee discussions, 65
- Vance-Gonzalez-Revilla meetings, 52
- Vance-Lewis Galindo meetings, 49, 54
- Vance memoranda, 34, 42, 47, 59, 61, 67, 69
- Final stages (Aug. 1977):
- Bunker-Linowitz-Reagan meeting, 87
- Carter news conference (June 30, 1977), 58
- Carter-Torrijos correspondence, 14, 19, 23, 25, 27, 68, 72
- Carter-Torrijos meetings, 66, 94
- Congressional legal role in, 50
- Defense Department responses, 91
- Defense Department role in, 30
- Joint Chiefs of Staff responses, 93
- Kissinger-Boyd communications, 1
- Latin American countries briefings, 31, 55
- National committee proposals, 43
- Panamanian views of, Saunders memoranda, 35
- Sea-level canal provisions, 64, 65, 76, 84
- Tack-Kissinger principles, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 52, 150
- Thurmond Resolution, 3, 5, 6
- U.S. negotiating strategy:
- Vance-Boyd meetings, 6, 8, 9, 13
- Vance memoranda, 33
- Panama Canal treaty ratification process:
- Administration letters to Senators, 144, 150, 154
- Allen amendment, 148, 149
- Aragon memoranda, 140
- Boston-Panama expropriation case and, 102
- Brzezinski memoranda, 111
- Bunker-Lewis Galindo meetings, 130
- Byrd-Torrijos correspondence, 125
- Cabinet discussions, 96, 99, 140, 145
- Carter fireside chat (Feb. 1, 1978), 99
- Carter memoranda, 162
- Carter phone calls, 142
- Carter speech, 134
- Carter-Torrijos correspondence, 110, 117, 118, 121, 155, 158, 168
- Carter-Torrijos discussions, 111, 113, 156, 159
- Carter town hall meetings, 126
- Christopher-Byrd discussions, 133, 146
- Christopher memoranda, 105, 106, 107
- Cranston-Torrijos meetings, 136
- Cuban-Panamanian relations and, 102
- DeConcini amendment, 159, 160, 163, 165, 166, 167
- Dole and Wallop amendments, 158
- Environmental groups statement, 127
- GSP sugar benefits and, 164
- Jordan-Lewis Galindo discussions, 122
- Jordan/Pastor-Torrijos meetings, 112
- Linowitz memoranda, 132
- Panamanian bond payment and, 147, 161
- Panama plebiscite, 116, 117, 132
- Pastor memoranda, 122
- Pastor Panama visit, 116, 118
- Possible sabotage planning and, 153
- Senate Armed Services Committee hearings, 124
- Senate delegations to Panama, 119, 120, 124, 129
- Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearings, 101, 106,
109, 115, 116, 128, 133
- Christopher memoranda, 135
- Senate Select Committee on Intelligence investigations, 97, 100, 146, 148
- Status reports, 114, 124, 143, 148, 151, 191
- Strategy planning:
- Todman-Torrijos meetings, 102, 103
- U.S.-Venezuelan discussions, 163
- Vance-Javits/Ribicoff discussions, 126
- Vance memoranda, 109, 123, 128, 137
- Vance speeches, 131
- Panamanian political situation, 3
- Boyd resignation, 13, 14, 16
- Brzezinski memoranda, 183
- Linowitz memoranda, 54
- Panama Canal treaty implementation and, 176
- Panama Canal treaty ratification process and, 122, 136
- Pastor-Lewis Galindo discussions, 202
- Pastor/Moss-Lewis Galindo discussions, 193
- Pastor-Torrijos discussions, 179
- Vance memoranda, 33
- Panamanian public protests, 47, 52
- Panama Task Force, 98
- Paredes, Col. Ruben D., 113
- Parfitt, Harold R., 57, 60, 172
- Pastor, Robert A.:
- Cuban-Panamanian relations, 29, 179
- Latin American countries, 190
- Panama Canal treaty implementation:
- Panama Canal treaty negotiations:
- Panama Canal treaty ratification process, 122
- Panamanian involvement in the Nicaraguan Revolution:
- Panamanian political situation, 179, 193, 202
- Salvadoran Civil War, 259, 260, 262, 270, 272
- Sea-level canal provisions, 264
- Shah of Iran residence in Panama, 250
- Soviet-Panamanian relations, 200
- U.S. policy review, 5, 6
- Patton, David W., 174
- Percy, Charles H., 109, 115
- Pérez, Carlos Andrés, 31, 54, 55, 58, 163
- Perez-Balladares, Ernesto, 66, 210, 275
- Perez Guerrero, Manuel, 163
- Peterson, Esther, 140
- Pettigrew, Dick, 140, 145
- Pezzulo, Lawrence A., 24, 32, 55
- Pitty, Nander, 9, 52
- Platt, Nicholas, 266
- Plaza, Gonzalo, 55
- Policy Review Committee (PRC):
- Popper, David H.:
- Panama Canal treaty implementation, 215, 244
- Ceremony (Oct. 1979), 247
- Christopher-Stennis-Levin discussions, 237
- Circular 175 request, 219
- Consultative Committee meeting, 275
- Costs of, 211
- House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee on, 208
- U.S. committee membership, 246
- U.S. government organization for, 177, 191
- U.S.-Panamanian planning, 191, 192, 194, 204
- Vance phone calls, 243
- Panama Canal treaty ratification process, 127, 130
- Panama Canal treaty implementation, 215, 244
- Powell, Jody, 14, 45, 92, 98, 134, 254
- Precht, Henry, 253
- Presidential Review Memoranda, No. 1, “Panama,” 2, 5
- Press, Frank, 89, 96, 99, 140, 145
- Pritchard, Joel, 221
- Pryce, William T., 80
-
- Randolph, Jennings, 139, 142, 151
- Raphel, Arnold L., 261
- Read, Benjamin H., 246
- Reagan, Ronald, 87, 116
- Rhodes, John, 232, 244
- Ribicoff, Abraham A., 126
- Ricks, Walt, 11
- Riegle, Donald W., Jr., 119
- Robles, Winston, 102
- Rockefeller, Jay, 131, 145
- Rogers, Gen. Bernard W., 4, 41, 53
- Rogers, William, 218
- Romberg, Alan, 266
- Rosenthal, Benjamin, 54
- Roth, Bill, 139, 151, 152
- Royo, Aristides:
- Mar. 1977 negotiating round, 27
- May-July 1977 negotiating round, 38
- Carter correspondence, 224, 245, 251, 252, 255, 263, 269, 277
- Panama Canal treaty implementation, 210
- Panama Canal treaty negotiations:
- Panamanian involvement in the Nicaraguan Revolution, 206, 227, 230, 231
- Political situation, 193, 202
- Salvadoran Civil War, 258
- Sea-level canal provisions, 258, 264
- Shah of Iran residence in Panama, 251, 252, 253, 256
- Rusk, Dean, 232
-
- Saenz, Paul, 165
- Saied, Abraham, 66
- Salaman, Marcel, 230, 256, 262
- Salas Dominguez, Eligio, 66
- Salvadoran Civil War, 258, 259, 260, 262, 267, 270, 272
- Sandinistas. See Nicaraguan Revolution, Panamanian involvement in
- Santa Marta Summit (1980), 277
- Sarbanes, Paul S., 41, 53, 115, 119
- Sasser, James, 119
- Sato, Yoshiyasu, 266
- Saudi investment in Panama, 202
- Saunders, Harold H., 21, 35, 66
- Schecter, Jerrold, 98, 122, 166
- Schlesinger, James R., 89, 96, 99, 140, 145
- Schmitt, Harrison, 53
- Schultze, Charles L., 89, 96, 99, 140, 145
- Schweiker, Richard, 139, 151
- Scott, William R., 99
- Scranton, William, 151
- Sea-level canal provisions:
- Sebastian, Peter, 42
- Senate Armed Services Committee, 214, 215
- Senate Foreign Relations Committee:
- Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI), 6, 11, 97, 100, 146
- Shah of Iran residence in Panama:
- Shapiro, Irving, 151
- Sierra Club, 127
- Sights, Dale, 131
- Sitton, Lt. Gen. Ray B., 22
- Slack, John, 18
- Slocombe, Walter, 22
- Small, David, 55
- Smith, Lt. Gen. William Y., 22, 65, 77
- Snyder, Marion Eugene (“Gene”), 49, 83
- Solarz, Stephen J., 43
- Solomon, Anthony M., 58, 59, 67
- Solomon, Jay, 89, 96, 99, 140, 145
- Somoza Garcia, Anastasio (see also Nicaraguan Revolution, Panamanian involvement in), 198, 206, 235
- Soviet-Panamanian relations, 200
- Sparkman, John J., 15, 41, 53, 107, 109, 115, 161
- Spear, Moncreiff J., 127
- Spiegel, John W., 164
- Spooner Act (1902), 87
- Stafford, Robert T., 74
- Stennis, John C., 109, 124, 215, 224, 237
- Stevens, Theodore F. (“Ted”), 109, 142, 143, 151, 152
- Stewart, Jake, 220
- Stone, Richard, 105, 106, 115, 124
- Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT), 122
- Strauss, Robert S., 139, 226
- Stroessner, Alfredo
- Sumiya, Kiyoshi, 266
-
- Tack-Kissinger principles, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 52, 150
- Talmadge, Herman, 139, 151, 154
- Tarnoff, Peter R.:
- Tate, Mercer D., 24, 55, 151
- Taylor, T. Elkin, 172
- Taylor, Gen. Maxwell, 94, 109
- Tejeira, Eduardo, 210
- Teshima, Reishi, 266
- Thatcher, Margaret, 250
- Thomson, Robert:
- Thornton, Thomas, 65
- Thurmond, James Strom (see also Thurmond Resolution), 51, 62, 184
- Thurmond Resolution (Senate Resolution 301), 3, 5, 6
- Thyden, James, 78
- Todman, Terence A.:
-
Torrijos Herrera, Gen.
Omar (see also Carter-Torrijos correspondence):
- Assassination attempt, 54
- Chinese-Panamanian relations, 270
- Drug trafficking rumors, 146, 148
- Latin American countries, 85, 190
- Panama Canal treaty implementation:
- Panama Canal treaty negotiations:
- Feb. 1977 negotiating round, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23
- Mar. 1977 negotiating round, 28
- May-July 1977 negotiating round, 39, 52, 55, 66, 68, 72
- Final stages (Aug. 1977), 75, 80, 92, 94, 95
- Carter correspondence, 14, 19, 23, 25, 27, 68, 72
- Carter meetings, 66, 94
- Panamanian views of, 35
- U.S. presidential campaign
(1976), 1
- Panama Canal treaty ratification process:
- Byrd correspondence, 125
- Carter correspondence, 110, 117, 118, 121, 155, 158, 168
- Carter discussions, 111, 113, 156, 159
- Cranston meetings, 136
- DeConcini amendment, 159, 163, 165
- Jordan/Pastor meetings, 112
- Pastor Panama visit, 116, 118
- Senate delegations to Panama, 119, 120, 129
- Todman meetings, 102, 103
- Panamanian involvement in Belize, 240
- Panamanian involvement in the Nicaraguan Revolution:
- Political situation, 3, 14, 33, 54, 179, 183, 193
- Salvadoran Civil War, 258, 259, 260, 262, 267, 268
- Shah of Iran residence in Panama, 250, 252, 253, 256, 265
- Tower, John, 41, 53, 116
- Trudeau, Pierre, 85
- Turner, Adm. Stansfield, 2, 46, 89, 100, 145
- Twaddell, William H., 9, 49, 52
-
- United Nations, 3
- U.S. economic aid to Panama (see also U.S.
investment mission to Panama):
- Carter-Torrijos correspondence, 72, 189
- Panama Canal treaty implementation and, 169, 189, 191, 213, 217, 224
- In Panama Canal treaty negotiations:
- Bell memoranda, 32
- Brzezinski memoranda, 63, 68, 70
- Bunker-Linowitz memoranda, 75
- Bunker-Linowitz-Reagan discussions, 87
- Carter communications to Congress, 82
- Carter meeting discussions, 71
- Carter-Torrijos correspondence, 72
- Christopher memoranda, 73
- Congressional briefings, 41, 55
- Department of State papers, 3
- Jordan-Hyland memoranda, 76, 79
- Meeting minutes, 58
- Policy Review Committee discussions, 65
- Vance-Gonzalez-Revilla discussions, 52
- Vance-Lewis Galindo discussions, 49, 54
- Vance memoranda, 42, 59, 61, 67, 69
- Panama Canal treaty ratification process and, 142, 164
- U.S. investment mission to Panama, 224, 226, 248
- U.S.-Latin American relations:
- U.S.-Panamanian post-treaty relations, 257, 274
- U.S. policy review:
- U.S. presidential campaign (1976), 1
-
- Vaky, Viron P. (“Pete”):
- Vance, Cyrus R.:
- Panama Canal treaty implementation:
- Ceremony (Oct. 1979), 239
- Christopher-Stennis-Levin discussions, 237
- Costs of, 211, 221
- Hansen amendments, 180
- House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee on, 214, 215
- Phone calls, 232, 243
- Ratification documents, 182
- Tarnoff memoranda, 242
- U.S. Board of Directors membership, 249
- U.S. economic aid to Panama and, 213
- U.S. Government organization for, 157, 173, 178, 205, 207
- U.S.-Panamanian planning, 192, 224, 236
- Panama Canal treaty negotiations, 33
- Feb. 1977 negotiating round, 18, 19, 20
- May-July 1977 negotiating round, 34, 42, 47, 59, 61, 67, 69
- Final stages (Aug. 1977), 89, 90, 94
- Boyd meetings, 6, 8, 9, 13
- Congressional briefings, 45
- Congressional lobbying strategy, 24
- Defense Department role in, 30
- House Merchant Marine and Fisheries Committee meeting, 83
- National committee proposals, 43
- Panamanian views of, 35
- Senate Judiciary Subcommittee hearings, 60
- U.S. negotiating strategy, 16
- U.S. presidential campaign
(1976), 1
- Panama Canal treaty ratification process, 109, 123,
128, 137
- Allen amendment, 149
- Cabinet discussions, 96, 99, 140
- Carter memoranda, 162
- Carter-Torrijos correspondence,
158 - Christopher-Byrd discussions, 133, 146
- Christopher memoranda, 105
- GSP sugar benefits and, 164
- Javits/Ribicoff discussions, 126
- Letters to Senators, 144
- Panamanian bond payment and, 147, 161
- Panama plebiscite, 117
- Senate delegations to Panama, 129
- Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearings, 101, 106, 115
- Senate Select Committee on Intelligence investigations, 100
- Speeches, 131
- Strategy planning, 98, 126, 137, 139, 141
- U.S.-Venezuelan discussions, 163
- Panamanian involvement in the Nicaraguan Revolution, 203, 228, 238
- Panamanian public protests, 47
- Salvadoran Civil War, 259, 262
- Sea-level canal provisions, 64,
65,
266 - Shah of Iran residence in Panama, 261
- U.S. investment mission to Panama, 226
- U.S. policy review, 2, 6, 7, 8
- Panama Canal treaty implementation:
- Van Dyke, Ted, 59
- Van Reigersberg, Stephanie, 27, 196
- Vargas, Resires, 275
- Vargas, Felix C., 252
- Venezuela (see also Latin American countries), 31, 35, 54, 55, 58, 66
-
- Wagner, David G., 49
- Waldheim, Kurt Josef, 256
- Wallop, Malcolm, 158
- War Powers Resolution (1973), 53
- Warren, Charles, 89, 96, 99, 140, 145
- Watson, Jack, 89, 96, 99, 140, 145
- Wayne, John, 116
- Weicker, Lowell P., 124, 148
- Wells, William W., 21
- White, John P., 89, 139, 140, 145, 187
- Whitten, Jamie, 221
- Whitten, Les, 22
- Williams, John, 94
- Williams, 74
- Wilson, Gen. Louis H., Jr., 4, 22
- Wurfel, Walt, 98
- Wyrough, Richard R., 32, 34, 55, 80,
271