187. National Security Action Memorandum No. 16

Source: Department of State, S/S-NSC Files: Lot 72 D 316, NSAMs, NSAM 16. Top Secret.

188. Memorandum From Secretary of State Rusk to President Kennedy

Source: Department of State, Central Files, 611.70/2-1561. Secret. No drafting information appears on the source text. An attached memorandum from George McGhee, Chairman of the Policy Planning Council, to Secretary Rusk recommends that the Secretary sign the memorandum to the President setting forth McGhee’s understanding of the interpretation agreed upon at the February 9 NSC meeting by Rusk, Secretary of the Treasury Dillon, and President Kennedy.

189. Memorandum From the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (Williams) to the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Policy Planning (Rowen)

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 330, OASD/ISA Files: FRC 65 A 3501, Africa 000.1-091.4, 1961. Confidential.

190. Brief of a National Intelligence Estimate

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 330, OASD/ISA Files: FRC 65 A 3501, Africa 121-350.09, 1961. Secret; Noforn. The source text was transmitted to Secretary of Defense McNamara under cover of a memorandum from Major General Robert A. Breitweiser, USAF Director for Intelligence, that reads: “On 11 April 1961, the United States Intelligence Board approved an Estimate on ‘Probable Developments in Colonial Africa’ (NIE 60/70-61). A Brief of this Estimate is attached for your information in advance of the regular distribution which will be forthcoming.”

191. Memorandum From the Joint Chiefs of Staff to Secretary of Defense McNamara

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 330, OSD Files:FRC 65 A 3464, Africa 091 (27 Jan. 61). Top Secret.

192. Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in the United Kingdom

Source: Department of State, Central Files, 770.00/4-2861. Confidential; Priority. Drafted by Herz on April 27; cleared by Ferguson, Deming, Weiss, McBride, Spiers, Witman, Burdett, Penfield, and Webb; and approved by Williams. Also sent to Paris and repeated to Abidjan, Lagos, and Monrovia.

193. Letter From the Under Secretary of State (Bowles) to the Deputy Secretary of Defense (Gilpatric)

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 330, OSD Files: FRC 65 A 3464, Africa 000.92-Africa, 452, 1961. Secret.

194. Memorandum From the President’s Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Rostow) to the President’s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy)

Source: Kennedy Library, National Security Files, Brubeck Series, Africa. Secret.

195. Memorandum of Conversation

Source: Department of State, Conference Files: Lot 66 D 110, President’s Visit to France, 5/31-6/2/61. II. MEMCONS. Secret. Drafted by Glenn. The conversation took place at the Elysee Palace. President Kennedy visited France and met with President Charles de Gaulle May 31-June 2, 1961. Their discussions were recorded in eight memoranda of conversation. (Ibid.)

196. Paper Prepared by the Policy Planning Council

Source: Department of State, Central Files, 770.5-MSP/8-261. Confidential. The source text was transmitted to Secretary Rusk under cover of an August 2 memorandum from George McGhee, Chairman of the Policy Planning Council, that reads: “The attached paper entitled ‘Selected Aspects of US Economic Aid Policy Toward Africa’ was initiated and prepared in S/P. After review in S/P it was circulated to the interested Bureaus and Offices of the Department and ICA for information and comment. An earlier version of this study was discussed at your Thursday policy planing meeting on June 29, presided over by Under Secretary Bowles. The revised version is now sent to you for your consideration.”

197. Letter From the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (Williams) to the Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs (Williams)

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 330, OASD/ISA Files:FRC 64 A 2382, Africa 400.12-680.1, 1961. Secret. Drafted by McQuade and Junkermann.

198. National Intelligence Estimate

Source: Central Intelligence Agency, DCI Files, Job 79 R 1012, Box 189. Secret.

199. Memorandum From the Joint Chiefs of Staff to Secretary of Defense McNamara

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 330, OSD Files:FRC 66 A 3542, Africa, 1962. Secret.

200. Report Prepared by Samuel E. Belk of the National Security Council Staff

Source: Kennedy Library, National Security Files, Countries Series, Africa, General. Secret. The report was sent under cover of a memorandum from McGeorge Bundy to the President’s Naval Aide, Captain Shepard, that reads: “Attached is Soapy Williams’ report of his last trip. Sam Belk of our office has put a 4-page summary on top, and I think that is all you need to read.” The report of Assistant Secretary Williams on his second trip to Africa August 8-September 1 is in Department of State, Central Files, 110.5-WI/9-961.

201. Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs (Williams) to the Under Secretary of State (Bowles)

Source: Department of State, Central Files, 770.5-MSP/9-2961. Official Use Only. Drafted by Troxel and sent through the Executive Secretariat. Copies were sent to Hartman (B) and Toner (AID).

202. Letter From the Consultative Group on Arms Limitation in Africa to the Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs (Williams)

Source: Department of State, Central Files, 770.5/10-2361. Confidential.

203. Letter From the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (Williams) to the Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (Johnson)

Source: Department of State, Central Files, 770.5411/10-2661. Secret.

204. Memorandum on the Substance of Discussions at the Department of State-Joint Chiefs of Staff Meeting

Source: Department of State, State-JCS Meetings: Lot 70 D 328. Top Secret. The meeting was held at the Pentagon. No drafting information appears on the source text, which bears a typewritten notation that it is a Department of State draft not cleared with the Department of Defense.

205. Memorandum Prepared by the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 330, OASD/ISA Files: FRC 65 A 3501, 092 Africa, Jan.-Mar., 1962. Secret. This memorandum forms the appendix to a memorandum from the Joint Chiefs of Staff to Secretary of Defense McNamara, January 31.

The January 31 covering memorandum indicates that the memorandum printed here was written in response to a January 4 request from the Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs for recommendations on substantive courses of action designed to counter Sino-Soviet penetration of Ghana, Guinea, and Mali. The memorandum advises that the Joint Chiefs had re-examined measures they had recommended in the past, as well as others being pursued or planned by the Department of State, and were submitting the results of their review in the attached appendix. They recommended that the Secretary of Defense transmit the substance of the appendix to the Department of State and urged that it be considered by a State-Defense Ad Hoc Committee.

On March 9, Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense Bundy transmitted the memorandum and its appendix to Assistant Secretary Williams under cover of a letter calling it “a sensible and useful paper.” Bundy stated that he was prepared to accept Williams’ judgment as to whether an ad hoc committee would be useful, but noted that a continuing watch might have some usefulness. (Ibid.)

206. Memorandum From the Director of the Bureau of Intelligence and Research (Hilsman) to Secretary of State Rusk

Source: Kennedy Library, National Security Files, Meetings and Memoranda Series, NSC/Standing Group Meetings, 5/1/62-5/17/62. Secret. Sent through the Executive Secretariat. A handwritten note in the margin in an unknown hand indicates that copies were sent to Kaysen, Dungan, Klein, and Komer.

207. Memorandum From the Special Assistant to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (Achilles) to the Under Secretary (McGhee)

Source: Department of State, S/S-NSC Files: Lot 70 D 265, NSC Standing Group Meeting, May 11, 1962. Secret.

208. Record of Actions Taken at a Standing Group Meeting of the National Security Council

Source: Department of State, S/S-NSC Files: Lot 70 D 265, NSC Standing Group, May 11, 1962. Secret. Copies were sent to McGhee, Gilpatric, McCone, Bundy (White House), Halaby (FAA), Bell (BOB), Boyd (CAB), and Bromley Smith (NSC).

209. Letter From the Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (Bundy) to the Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (Johnson)

Source: Department of State, Central Files, 770.54/7-662. Secret.

210. National Intelligence Estimate

Source: Department of State, INR-NIE Files. Secret. According to a note on the cover sheet: “The following intelligence organizations participated in the preparation of this estimate: The Central Intelligence Agency and the intelligence organizations of the Departments of State, Defense, the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force.” All members of the U.S. Intelligence Board concurred in this estimate on July 11, except the Atomic Energy Commission Representative and the Assistant Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, who abstained on the grounds that the subject was outside their jurisdiction.

211. Position Paper Prepared in the Office of the Secretary of State

Source: Department of State, Conference Files: Lot 65 D 533, CF 2160. Confidential. Drafted by Stoffel and cleared by McGhee, Lister, Russell, Wolfe, Ramsey, and FitzGerald. Prepared for Secretary Rusk’s delegation attending the 17th Session of the U.N. General Assembly in September.

212. Telegram From the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State

Source: Department of State, Central Files, 770.00/9-2062. Confidential; Priority.

213. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Murrow) to the President’s Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Bundy)

Source: Kennedy Library, National Security Files, Countries Series, Africa. No classification marking.

214. Memorandum From the President’s Deputy Special Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kaysen) to the President’s Assistant Special Counsel (White)

Source: Kennedy Library, National Security Files, Countries Series, Africa, Memoranda and Miscellaneous, 11/62-2/63. No classification marking.

215. Letter From the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (Nitze) to the Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (Johnson)

Source: Washington National Records Center, RG 330, OASD/ISA Files:FRC 67 A 4564, 091.3 Africa. Confidential. Drafted by Junkermann and Sloan. A copy was sent to Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Williams.

216. Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs (Williams) to Secretary of State Rusk

Source: Kennedy Library, National Security Files, Brubeck Series, Africa. Confidential.