Human Rights
91. Telegram From the Department of State to All Diplomatic and Consular Posts
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D770439–0217. Limited Official Use. Drafted in HA/HR; cleared in draft by Swift, Collins, Runyons, Clapp, Martens, David Moran, Fuerth, and Lister; approved by Schneider. Also sent to CINCPAC, CINCEUR, SecDef, JCS, and CINCSO.
92. Memorandum for the Files
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Office of the Deputy Secretary: Records of Warren Christopher, 1977–1980, Lot 81D113, Box 18, Human Rights—PL 480 II. No classification marking. Drafted by Oxman on December 8. A shorter, more informal version of Oxman’s memorandum for the files is in the National Archives, RG 59, Office of the Deputy Secretary: Records of Warren Christopher, 1977–1980, Lot 81D113, Box 18, Human Rights—PL 480.
93. Memorandum From Michael Armacost of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Subject File, Box 49, PL 480: 11/77–1/80. Confidential. Sent for action. Inderfurth wrote at the top right-hand corner of the memorandum: “See last paragraph first for explanation of urgency. Rick.” Brzezinski wrote at the top of the memorandum: “ MA, good—OK—talked. 4 countries only [illegible] only. ZB.” Brzezinski also drew an arrow to Armacost’s name in the “from” line. Attached to the memorandum is an undated handwritten note by Brzezinski listing the four countries (Guinea, Bangladesh, Korea, and Indonesia) with the comment “all we ask for answers & for information.”
94. Action Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs (Maynes), the Legal Adviser (Hansell), the Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs (Katz), the Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs (Derian), and the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Lake) to the Deputy Secretary of State (Christopher)
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Office of the Deputy Secretary: Records of Warren Christopher, 1977–1980, Lot 81D113, Box 19, Human Rights—UN. Limited Official Use. Drafted by Bond and Schwebel. Bond initialed for Hansell, Katz, and Lake. Derian did not initial the memorandum. A notation on the memorandum reads: “SO, Original has gone into WC. DL [Denis Lamb].”
95. Memorandum From Jessica Tuchman of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 19, PD/NSC–30. Unclassified. Inderfurth initialed the memorandum. Brzezinski drew an arrow to Tuchman’s name on the first page of the memorandum.
96. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski) to President Carter
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Global Issues—Mathews Subject File, Box 10, Human Rights: Presidential Directive, 12/77–12/78. Confidential. A notation on the memorandum indicates the President saw it. Carter’s notation in the right-hand corner of the memorandum reads: “Fritz → Zbig action & comment. J.C.”
97. Memorandum From Vice President Mondale to President Carter
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Global Issues—Bloomfield Subject File, Box 17, Human Rights: Policy Initiatives: 1/77–10/78. Confidential. A copy was sent to Brzezinski. The President wrote “VP. J” at the top of the memorandum. Another copy is in the Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Global Issues—Mathews Subject File, Box 10, Human Rights: Presidential Directive: 12/77–12/78.
98. Memorandum From the President’s Counsel (Lipshutz) to President Carter
Source: Carter Library, Staff Office Files, Counsel’s Office, Robert J. Lipshutz Files, 1977–1979, Box 18, Human Rights, 12/77. No classification marking. Sent through Brzezinski, who did not initial the memorandum.
100. Memorandum From Michael Armacost of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Global Issues—Bloomfield Subject File, Box 17, Public Law 480: 11–12/77. Secret. Sent for action. Concurred in by Thornton and Oksenberg. Although Tuchman’s name is listed with Thornton and Oksenberg’s, Tuchman did not initial her concurrence; a typewritten note reads: “(see attached note).” Armacost added the following handwritten comment next to Tuchman’s typewritten name at the end of the memorandum: “I will forswear my own rebuttal (to the rebuttal) for the agreed-for meeting. MA.” Tuchman prepared a sep-arate memorandum for Brzezinski, dated December 14, which is attached to this memorandum.
101. Briefing Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional Relations (Bennet) to the Deputy Secretary of State (Christopher)
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P840088–0271. Limited Official Use; Nodis.
102. Memorandum From Jessica Tuchman of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs (Aaron)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Brzezinski Office File, Subject Chron File, Box 94, Human Rights: 1978. Confidential. Tuchman did not initial the memorandum. Printed from a copy that bears Bartholomew’s initials. An unknown hand drew an arrow to Tuchman’s name. Another copy is in the Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Office File, Staff Material, North–South Pastor File, Subject File, Box 55, Human Rights: 1–5/78.
103. Telegram From the Department of State to Secretary of State Vance in Budapest
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P840072–0466. Secret; Immediate; Cherokee; Nodis. Drafted by Lamb; cleared by Tarnoff; approved by Christopher. Vance was in Budapest, January 5–7, participating in a ceremony honoring the return of the Crown of St. Stephen to the Hungarian people; for Vance’s remarks, see Department of State Bulletin, February 1978, pp. 29–30. Prior to his arrival in Budapest, Vance accompanied the President to Poland (December 29–31), Iran (December 31–January 1), India (January 1–3), Saudi Arabia (January 3–4), Egypt (January 4), and France (January 4–5). Vance also visited Ireland (January 7) before departing for Washington. Christopher served as acting Secretary of State in Vance’s absence.
104. Paper Prepared in the Bureau of Intelligence and Research
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P850109–0129. Confidential. Prepared by David Carpenter (INR/DDR/GIS) and INR/DDR/GIS analysts. According to a January 11 covering memorandum from Carpenter to Oxman, INR prepared the paper in response to Christopher’s request to Saunders for material to be used in Christopher’s address to the American Bar Association, scheduled to meet in New Orleans, Louisiana, in February. (National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P850109–0129) See footnote 4, Document 117.
105. Action Memorandum From the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Lake) to Secretary of State Vance
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Global Issues—Bloomfield Subject File, Box 16, Human Rights: Foreign Policy Goals and Accomplishments: 1/78–9/79. Confidential. Sent through Christopher. Copies were sent to Habib, Cooper, Benson, and Derian. Earlier versions of both the action memorandum and the attached briefing memorandum were sent to Vance through Christopher on December 22, 1977. (National Archives, RG 59, Office of the Deputy Secretary: Records of Warren Christopher, 1977–1980, Lot 81D113, Box 8, Memoranda from WC to Bureaus—1978) In a December 30 memorandum to Lake, Christopher commented on the December 22 briefing memorandum, noting that he had “read and reread the memorandum S/P has prepared assessing the human rights policy, and think it is a commendable piece of work.” (Ibid.)
106. Telegram From the Department of State to All Diplomatic and Consular Posts
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Office of the Deputy Secretary: Records of Warren Christopher, 1977–1980, Lot 81D113, Box 15, Human Rights—Country Evaluation Papers. Limited Official Use; Priority. Drafted by Hill on January 23; cleared by Oxman, Tice, Lister, Holly, Martens, Fuerth, and Shurtleff; approved by Schneider.
107. Memorandum From Jessica Tuchman of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Global Issues—Bloomfield Subject File, Box 17, Human Rights: Policy Initiatives: 1/77–10/78. Confidential. Sent for action. Inderfurth initialed the memorandum. An unknown hand wrote “fwd 1/24 1pm” at the top of the page.
108. Action Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs (Derian) and the Legal Adviser (Hansell) to the Deputy Secretary of State (Christopher)
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P780027–0324. Limited Official Use. Sent through Cooper. Drafted by Michel on January 12; cleared by Boerner, Schneider, Arellano, AID/GC, Roberts Smith, Hunt, Stahnke, Jennone Walker, and Frank Bennett. Michel initialed for the clearing officials, with the exception of Arellano, who initialed the document. Anderson’s initials appear on the memorandum.
109. Memorandum From the Deputy Secretary of State (Christopher) to the Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs (Moose), the Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs (Todman), the Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian Affairs (Holbrooke), the Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs (Vest), and the Acting Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs (Sober)
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Office of the Deputy Secretary: Records of Warren Christopher, 1977–1980, Lot 81D113, Box 15, Human Rights—Country Evaluation Papers. No classification marking. All brackets are in the original. Copies were sent to Derian and Lake. Lamb sent a copy of the memorandum to Shurtleff, Lister, Martins, Fuerth, and Palmer, copying Schneider, Walker, and Oxman, under a January 27 covering memorandum with the following comment: “In connection with the attached memorandum from the Deputy Secretary to the regional bureaus, please be sure that any general instruction to the field incorporating the suggested presentation framework is discussed with HA and S/P prior to transmission.” (Ibid.) Another copy of Christopher’s memorandum is in the National Archives, RG 59, Office of the Deputy Secretary: Records of Warren Christopher, 1977–1980, Lot 81D133, Box 8, Memoranda from WC to Bureaus—1978.
110. Memorandum From Michael Armacost and Michel Oksenberg of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Brzezinski Office File, Subject Chron File, Box 94, Human Rights: 1978. Confidential. Sent for action. Copies were sent to Tuchman, Erb, King, Quandt, and Thornton.
111. Telegram From the Department of State to All African Diplomatic Posts
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D780056–0946. Confidential. Drafted by William Swing (AF/C) and Shurtleff; cleared by Lewis, Derian, Lannon Walker, Lewis Junior (AF/C), Thomas Smith (AF/W), Richard St. F. Post (AF/E), and Donald Petterson (AF/S); approved by Moose. On February 6, Moose sent a version of the cable, dated February 4, to Christopher and Derian, commenting that it “represents what I think is a very commendable initiative on the part of two of our officers to build on our recent experience with human rights reporting.” (National Archives, RG 59, Office of the Deputy Secretary: Records of Warren Christopher, 1977–1980, Lot 81D113, Box 15, Human Rights—Country Evaluation Papers)
112. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski) to Vice President Mondale
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Brzezinski Office File, Subject Chron File, Box 94, Human Rights: 1978. Confidential.
113. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski) to President Carter
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Brzezinski Office File, Subject Chron File, Box 94, Human Rights: 1978. Confidential. Sent for action. A notation on the memorandum indicates the President saw it. The President added the following handwritten notation in the right-hand corner of the first page: “Zbig—I made substantial changes. Let me have comments from you & Cy. J.” Tuchman sent the memorandum to Brzezinski under a February 10 typewritten covering note, indicating that it constituted a “redone version of the human rights package.” (Ibid.)
114. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski) to President Carter
Source: Carter Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 19, PD/NSC–30. Confidential. Sent for action. The President’s handwritten notation on the first page of the memorandum reads: “Zbig—Let’s hold this—J.” Tuchman sent an earlier version of this memorandum to Brzezinski on January 24; see Document 107 and footnote 8 thereto.
115. Telegram From the Department of State to All Diplomatic and Consular Posts
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D780063–0667. Unclassified; Priority. Drafted by H. Kenneth Hill; cleared by Martens, Moran, Lamb, Shinn, and Shurtleff; approved by Hill.
116. Telegram From the Department of State to the Mission at Geneva
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D780063–0418. Confidential; Immediate. Sent for information immediate to USUN. Drafted by John Tefft (IO/UNA) and Laurel Shea (IO/UNP); cleared by Rita Taubenfeld (IO/HR) and Barry; approved by Maynes.
117. Memorandum From the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Lake) to the Deputy Secretary of State (Christopher)
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Policy and Planning Staff—Office of the Director, Records of Anthony Lake, 1977–1981, Lot 82D298, Box 17, TL SENSITIVE, 1/1–3/31/78. Confidential; Eyes Only. An unknown hand circled the “Eyes Only” classification marking and added “Sensitive File” and a check mark. An additional notation reads: “To Steve.” A copy of the undated memorandum from Brzezinski to the President (see Document 114) is ibid.
118. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski) to President Carter
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Brzezinski Office File, Subject Chron File, Box 94, Human Rights: 1978. No classification marking. Sent for action. Tab A, the letter of transmittal, is attached but not printed. In a January 25 memorandum to Brzezinski, Tuchman requested that Brzezinski sign an earlier draft of memorandum to the President. Tuchman’s handwritten notations, added to the memorandum on February 6 and 10, indicate that the draft underwent subsequent revision and clearance before Brzezinski initialed the February 15 version printed here. (Ibid.)
119. Presidential Directive/NSC–30
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Global Issues—Oplinger/Bloomfield Subject File, Box 41, Presidential Determinations, Directives, and Review Memoranda: [II]: 1/77–5/80. Confidential. On February 15, Tuchman had sent Brzezinski and Huntington a redrafted version of the PD, an explanation and comment sheet, and an earlier draft of the PD containing the President’s handwritten comments (see attachment, Document 113). Tuchman explained that the redrafted version integrated the President’s comments. (Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Defense/Security—Huntington, Box 38, Human Rights: 2–8/78) Another copy of the explanation and comments sheet contains Bartholomew’s handwritten comments and Brzezinski’s decisions regarding the various additions and deletions made to the draft PD. (Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Staff Material, Global Issues—Bloomfield Subject File, Box 17, Human Rights: Presidential Review Memorandum–28 and Presidential Directive–30, 5/77–2/78) An undated covering memorandum from Brzezinski to the President indicates that Brzezinski planned to send Carter a copy of the revised PD—one that reflected Brzezinski’s approved changes as indicated on the comment and decision sheet—to allow Carter to accept or reject alternative language proposed in two paragraphs. According to a handwritten notation on the memorandum, the memorandum and the PD did not go forward to the President. (Ibid.) Brzezinski transmitted the final version of PD/NSC–30 to the President under a February 17 covering memorandum, requesting that the President sign the PD. Brzezinski also attached a copy of the Human Rights Foundation proposal (see Document 114), indicating that the Department had reviewed the proposal and agreed with “the general idea.” (National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P780040–0745) In an undated, handwritten note to Brzezinski, Carter wrote: “Zbig—Hold memo on Foundation. J.” (Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Brzezinski Office File, Subject Chron File, Box 94, Human Rights: 1978) The Department transmitted the text of PD–30 to all diplomatic and consular posts in telegram 45685, February 22. (National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D780083–0397)
120. Memorandum From Jessica Tuchman of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinksi Material, Brzezinski Office File, Subject Chron File, Box 94, Human Rights: 1978. No classification marking. Sent for information. Tuchman did not initial the memorandum.