Peru


311. Telegram 7174 From the Embassy in Peru to the Department of State

Summary: The Embassy reported that Morales Bermúdez would continue Velasco’s policies but in a more orderly fashion.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D750301–0719. Secret; Immediate; No Foreign Dissemination. Repeated to La Paz, Quito, Santiago, Mexico, Bogotá, Brasilia, Caracas, USCINCSO, and DIA. In telegram 7130 from Lima, August 29, the Embassy informed the Department of the coup, stating that there was no resistance to it. (Ibid., D750300–0269)


312. Memorandum of Conversation

Summary: Kissinger and de la Flor discussed bilateral economic issues, in particular compensation for expropriated companies.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P820123–2530. Confidential; Nodis. Drafted by King. Kissinger and de la Flor were attending the UNGA in New York. On September 29, the Secretary’s Delegation sent a summary of the memorandum of conversation to the Department. (Telegram Secto 14009, September 29; ibid., P840126–2330) The Greene Agreement was the February 19, 1974, U.S.-Peruvian agreement regarding compensation for expropriated companies. It is discussed in Document 296. In telegram 5210 from Lima, June 30, 1975, the Embassy reported that the U.S. and Peruvian delegations had initialed an understanding with regard to Braniff’s air routes. (Ibid., D750226–0512)


313. Telegram 274015 From the Department of State to the Embassy in Peru

Summary: In a briefing memorandum to Kissinger, Rogers reported that even as a Marcona settlement seemed illusive, Peru and the United States had established a scenario to work towards a settlement.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D750403–0518. Confidential; Immediate. In a meeting on October 22, U.S. and Peruvian officials agreed that pursuing government-to-government talks would be the best way to resolve the Marcona dispute. (Telegram 8797 from Lima, October 23; ibid., D750369–0302) On November 11, U.S. and Peruvian officials discussed compensation, and Peruvian officials stated they desired an ore shipping and sales agreement. (Telegram 9371 from Lima, November 12; ibid., D750394–0370)


314. Telegram 897 From the Embassy in Peru to the Department of State

Summary: Dean reported that although the Morales Bermúdez government was more moderate than the Velasco government, Peru still adhered to its revolutionary precepts.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, [no film number]. Confidential. In telegram 10605 to all American Republic diplomatic posts, January 15, Rogers asked Ambassadors to report on the attitudes of their host country with regard to U.S. power and policies. (Ibid.) UN General Assembly Resolution 3379, adopted on November 10, 1975, determined that “Zionism is a form of racism and racial discrimination.” (New York Times, November 11, 1975, p. 65)


315. Memorandum From the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Lord) to Secretary of State Kissinger

Summary: Lord summarized for Kissinger the necessary elements for a settlement of the Marcona expropriation.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Records of Henry Kissinger, Lot 91D414, Box 19, Nodis Briefing Memoranda, 1976. Confidential. Drafted by Einaudi and Fishlow. Tab 1, an undated paper entitled, “Expropriation Revisited: the Marcona Case in Peru,” is attached but not printed.


316. Memorandum of Conversation

Summary: Kissinger and Morales Bermúdez discussed Peruvian politics and United States–Peruvian relations.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P820117–0982. Confidential; Nodis. Drafted by Einaudi; approved by Covey on March 8. Kissinger’s February 17 speech in Caracas is in the Department of State Bulletin, March 15, 1976, pp. 313–326. A record of the Kissinger-de la Flor conversation could not be found. The following exchange occurred between Kissinger and Fernández Maldonado on the afternoon of February 18:

Prime Minister Fernández Maldonado: Talking about Marcona. . .

The Secretary: I am not here to negotiate on Marcona. I have every confidence in Fishlow and the Ambassador.

Prime Minister Fernández Maldonado: I was saying to Ambassador Dean that on the basis of this effort this can be resolved shortly.

The Secretary: We need to have something to deal with the company, so that I can accept. When we have concluded our review of the problem, we will tell you what our judgment is. (Memorandum of Conversation, February 18; ibid., P820117–0977)


317. Telegram 2314 From the Embassy in Peru to the Department of State

Summary: Dean reported that members of the Peruvian military disliked Morales Bermúdez’s leftist political stance. Because rumors of coup plotting were so openly discussed, the Ambassador concluded that they were not credible.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D760091–0365. Secret. The Embassy acquired a February 5 draft of Plan Tupac Amaru, which called for a pro-labor domestic policy, a more activist state, and a Third World agenda in foreign policy. (Telegram 2681 from Lima, March 22; ibid., D760107–1050) In telegram 2204 from Lima, March 6, Dean reported that because Morales Bermúdez did not seem to be “in charge” there had been a spate of rumors of coup-plotting. (Ibid., D760085–0463)


318. Telegram 2418 From the Embassy in Peru to the Department of State

Summary: Dean reported that he understood Rogers’s concern regarding the importance of avoiding intelligence activities which could implicate the U.S. Government in coup plotting.

Source: Department of State, INR/IL Historical Files, Box 14, Lima, 1963–1979. Secret; Immediate; Roger Channel. Attached but not published was a note in an unknown hand that reads: “Dean’s answer to Rogers . . .” Rogers’s instructions to Dean could not be found.


319. Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs (Rogers) to Secretary of State Kissinger

Summary: Rogers informed Kissinger of Morales Bermúdez’s efforts to maintain the Peruvian Revolution by steering a middle course between the political Left and Right.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, ARA/AND Files, Records Relating to Peru: Lot 79D18, POL 1–2, Basic Policies. Confidential. Drafted by King on April 2. Telegram 3079 from Lima, April 1, is attached but not published. In paragraph 12 of telegram 3079 the Ambassador reported that the moderate tone of Morales Bermdez’s speech could represent an attempt to diminish coup-plotting on the part of the moderate-conservative elements.


320. Memorandum of Conversation

Summary: Kissinger and de la Flor discussed a prospective settlement for Marcona and Peruvian-Chilean relations.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P820118–1635. Secret; Nodis. Drafted by Einaudi on January 13, 1977. The meeting took place in Kissinger’s suite. Kissinger and de la Flor were in Santiago for an OASGA meeting. A record of the de la Flor-Maw conversation has not been found.


321. Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs (Shlaudeman) to Secretary of State Kissinger

Summary: Shlaudeman outlined two different policy options regarding prospective Peruvian purchases of Soviet aircraft. Kissinger decided to wait for an agreement on Marcona before delivering a démarche to the Peruvians on Soviet arms purchases.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P760120–0606. Secret. Sent through Maw. Drafted by Shlaudeman, King, and Einaudi on July 22. Pezzullo concurred. Kissinger approved the first recommendation on July 30. On August 2, Kissinger summarized the memorandum for the President. (Ibid., P760125–0785) Kissinger’s June 8 conversation with Pinochet is Document 228.


322. Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs (Shlaudeman) and the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Lord) to Secretary of State Kissinger

Summary: Shlaudeman and Lord advised Kissinger to stress to Peruvian officials the negative consequences of their purchase of SU–22 aircraft from the Soviet Union.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, P760154–1688. Secret. Drafted by Einaudi and Patton. In telegram 249016 to Lima, October 7, the Department instructed the Embassy to pass a letter from Kissinger to de la Puente in which Kissinger regretted it was not possible to meet at the UNGA in New York. (Ibid., D760378–0001)


324. Telegram 239313 From the Department of State to the Embassy in Peru

Summary: The Department informed the Embassy that it was encouraged by Peru’s apparent interest in controlling coca cultivation, and that the Department thought there was a basis for providing assistance and developing a comprehensive coca reduction program.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D760363–0965. Confidential; Priority. Drafted by Brown; cleared by Weber, King, Bach, Fuller, Sullivan, Ortiz, Fields, Wampler and Pope; approved by Vance. In telegram 7879 from Lima, September 1, the Embassy reported on Peru’s proposal for funding, providing personnel, and implementation of a joint U.S.-Peruvian coca reduction program. (Ibid., D760332–0269)


325. Telegram 249900 From the Department of State to the Embassy in Peru

Summary: Shlaudeman, Maw, and Foreign Minister de la Puente discussed the Marcona settlement, cooperation on anti-narcotics programs, and U.S.-Peruvian military relations.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D760379–0300. Confidential; Immediate. Drafted by Strasser and Fuller; cleared by Shlaudeman and Luers; approved by Fuller. Repeated to Santiago. In telegram 8314 from Lima, September 14, Dean advised the Department that the U.S. Government offer FMS to the Peruvians to preempt a Peruvian claim that it was forced to buy Soviet aircraft. (Ibid., D760346–1026) In telegram 8580 from Lima, September 21, Dean proposed the sale of A–4M and F–5 aircraft. (Ibid.) On September 23, Maw approved a $20 million FMS credit for Peru for both FY 1976 and 1977. (Telegram 234245 to Lima, September 21; Telegram 8678 from Lima, September 23; ibid., D760356–1154)


326. Telegram 10217 From the Embassy in Peru to the Department of State

Summary: Dean reported that U.S.-Peruvian relations had improved during 1976. However, new problems were emerging, such as human rights and narcotics, which could complicate future relations.

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D760421–0520. Confidential. Repeated to Brasília, La Paz, Quito, and Santiago.