Index

Note: The numbers in this index refer to document numbers.

  • Abrams, Gen. Creighton W., 94, 119, 131, 171, 236, 325, 347, 416, 445
  • Acheson, Dean G., 376, 377, 382, 393, 433
  • Adams, Samuel, 314, 325
  • Aiken, George, 19
  • Akalovsky, Alexander, 8, 18, 33, 36, 40, 81, 117, 127
  • Albert, Carl, 96, 364
  • Algard, Ole, 201, 276, 287, 330
  • All-Vietnam Bloc, 242, 281
  • Allen, George W., 235, 257
  • Alsop, Joseph, 55, 354
  • Ambassadorship in Vietnam. See U.S. Mission in Vietnam.
  • Anh Ba, 452
  • Anti-war movement. See under U.S. domestic situation.
  • ANZUS Council, 142
  • Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) (see also Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict), 24
    • Abrams’ assignment to, 171
    • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program, 6, 30, 103, 135
    • Corruption problem, 295
    • Co’s removal, 12, 31
    • Effectiveness of, 192, 400
    • Humphrey’s assessment of, 390
    • I Corps situation, 144
    • Incompetence problem, 195
    • Leadership changes, 328
    • Local populations, relations with, 103, 104
    • Maximum use of manpower, 236, 237, 255, 270, 347, 395
    • Mission reorientation, 200
    • Mobilization for, 210, 238, 419
    • Popular Forces and Regional Forces, 197, 236, 237
    • Press coverage, 256
    • Reorganization of, 21, 45, 131, 238
  • Ashmore, Harry S., 20, 23, 214, 333, 353
  • Asian Development Bank, 331
  • Au Truong Thanh, 21, 237, 243, 246, 249
  • Aubrac, Raymond, 263, 272, 286, 293, 310, 329, 334, 341, 349, 357, 359, 360, 362, 420
  • Australia, 197, 269, 270, 317, 341, 442
  • Ayub Khan, Mohammad, 411
  • Baggs, William, 20, 34, 214, 333, 353
  • Ball, George, 270, 376, 377, 382, 393
  • Bao Dai, 93
  • Bates, William, 364, 390
  • Bebler, Ales, 434
  • Beech, Keyes, 167
  • Black, Eugene, 331
  • Blaufarb, Douglas S., 211
  • “Blueprint for Vietnam” study, 296, 317
  • Bo. See Mai Van Bo.
  • Bogdan, Corneliu, 411
  • Bohlen, Charles E., 310, 315, 321, 324, 326, 329, 333, 334, 340, 359, 360, 363
  • Bombing of DRV (see also Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays and Stabilization and bombing stand down proposal under Military program in Vietnam):
  • Booh Viens, Gen., 163
  • Booton, Bernard, 124
  • Bowles, Chester, 4
  • Bradley, Gen. Omar, 157, 376, 377, 382, 384
  • Brezhnev, Leonid, 64, 330, 425
  • Brown, George, 15, 34, 39, 41, 46, 49, 58, 63, 137, 154, 173, 174, 363, 427, 428
  • Brown, Harold, 187, 194, 231, 261
  • Bruce, David K. E., 15, 39, 41, 46, 49, 51, 56, 57, 58, 59, 63, 64, 72, 173
  • Bruce, R. L., 109
  • Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 393
  • Bui Diem, 104, 115, 143, 144, 146, 182, 183, 190, 196, 217, 236, 243, 246, 287, 332, 373, 435
    • Presidential election in RVN, 266, 342
    • Report on visit to Saigon, 195
    • Thieu-Ky government, 260
    • Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict, 192, 195, 213
  • Bunche, Ralph, 123
  • Bundy, McGeorge, 96, 157, 193, 209
    • Bombing of DRV, 157, 354, 377, 393
    • Military program in Vietnam, 385, 393
    • Negotiation issue, 377, 393
    • Troop augmentation by U.S., 157, 354
    • U.S. domestic situation, 157
    • U.S. information programs, 354, 377, 393
    • U.S. Mission in Vietnam:
      • Lodge’s successor, selection of, 13, 94, 97
      • Personnel for, 354
    • Withdrawal option, 393
    • Wise Men meetings, 376, 377, 382, 393
  • Bundy, William P., 3, 8, 9, 14, 17, 32, 40, 47, 50, 52, 57, 59, 60, 61, 68, 76, 81, 85, 91, 99, 103, 104, 153, 162, 177, 196, 213, 214, 224, 241, 242, 259, 276, 288, 301, 306, 318, 323, 327, 361, 367, 371, 395, 399, 402, 417, 421, 424, 435, 447
    • Army of the Republic of Vietnam, 195
    • Bombing of DRV:
      • Chinese border buffer zone, 270, 278
      • Civilian casualties, 372
      • Expanded strikes of April, 139
      • Hanoi power station, 174, 175
      • International considerations, 154
      • Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, 156, 174, 175
      • Logistical base, 175, 372
      • Pennsylvania peace initiative and, 339
      • Target selection, 154, 156, 170
    • Buttercup peace initiative, 405, 423
    • Chinese-DRV relations, 248
    • Clifford-Taylor mission, 253
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
      • Canadian peace proposal, 204, 227, 339
      • Cooper-Bundy settlement model, 184
      • Japanese-DRV discussions, 7
      • Marigold peace initiative, 15
      • NLF–U.S. contacts, 7
      • Quintanilla and Baggs-Ashmore initiatives, 20
      • Soviet-U.S. discussions, 117
      • UN resolutions, 156
      • UN Security Council initiative, proposed, 373
    • Free World forces in Vietnam, 253
    • Military program in Vietnam:
      • Cambodia, proposed incursions into, 154
      • Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 396
      • Ground action against DRV option, 154
      • Haiphong mining option, 154
      • JCS and State Department recommendations, comparison of, 408
      • Laos, proposed incursions into, 154
      • 120 Day Program proposal, 426
      • Reserves call-up issue, 154
    • Negotiation issue, 154, 227, 248
    • Pennsylvania peace initiative, 272, 277, 339
    • Presidential election in RVN, 211
    • Soviet assistance to DRV, 133
    • Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict, 195, 211
    • Troop augmentation by U.S., 154
    • U.S. policy on Vietnam, assessment of, 154
    • Wise Men, 377
  • Bunker, Ellsworth, 255, 302
    • Army of the Republic of Vietnam:
      • Abrams’ assignment to, 171
      • Corruption problem, 295
      • Effectiveness of, 192, 400
      • Maximum use of manpower, 237
      • Mission reorientation, 200
      • Mobilization for, 419
      • Popular Forces and Regional Forces, 237
      • Press coverage, 256
    • Buttercup peace initiative, 389, 409, 438, 452
    • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program:
      • Infrastructure Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program, 199, 446
      • Komer’s relationship with Westmoreland, 119
      • Province Chiefs’ role, 237
      • RVN’s lead officer, 342
      • Takeoff program, 215, 280
      • Unified management of integrated civil/military effort, 167, 171, 192
    • Clifford-Taylor mission, 256
    • Communist insurgency, order of battle estimates, 297, 325, 370
    • Congressional testimony, 400
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
    • Eisenhower’s views on, 130
    • First 6 months in Saigon, letter on, 377
    • Guam Conference, 115
    • Humphrey’s Vietnam visit, 390
    • Johnson’s attitude toward, 384
    • Johnson-Thieu meeting, December, 442, 446
    • McNamara mission to Vietnam, 233, 236, 237
    • Military program in Vietnam:
      • Acceleration of activities, 400
      • Anti-infiltration initiatives, 215
      • Body counts, 409
      • Cambodia, proposed incursions into, 428, 436
      • Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 391, 396, 419, 436, 445, 446, 448
      • Johnson’s visit with troops, 442
      • Laos, proposed incursions into, 215, 237, 409
      • Progress in, 192, 256
      • Stabilization and bombing stand down proposal, 410
    • Pennsylvania peace initiative, 365
    • Presidential election in RVN, 190, 192, 205, 256, 281, 303
      • Campaigning by candidates, 264
      • Censorship concerns, 192, 198, 256
      • Certification of candidates, 246
      • Civilian candidates, 229, 237
      • Demonstrations and protests, 264
      • Fairness and honesty concerns, 186, 237, 265, 320
      • Favorable effects, 299
      • Government harassment of opposition candidates, 205, 280, 295
      • International observers, 243, 256
      • Ky-Huong cooperation, 186
      • Ky’s prediction for outcome, 295
      • Laws re, 129, 158, 192
      • Loan’s involvement on Ky’s behalf, 198, 205, 209, 218
      • Loan’s removal, proposal for, 205, 209, 213
      • Military-civilian balance among candidates, 171, 182
      • Military’s non-participation, 163, 166, 171, 205, 210, 223
      • Minh’s possible candidacy, 223, 226, 237, 243
      • Minh’s support for Huong, 264
      • NLF reaction, 264
      • Press coverage, 256, 274
      • Public relations re, 280
      • Scheduling of, 192
      • Thanh’s possible candidacy, 237
      • 30 “introductions” requirement, 192
      • U.S. covert financial support for, 251, 281, 282, 289
      • U.S. involvement in partisan political trips, 191
      • Validation of results, 320, 332, 338, 342
    • Republic of Vietnam:
      • Buddhist dissidents, 342
      • Constitution-making, 21
      • Corruption in government, 338, 342
      • Dzu’s arrest, 332
      • Economic situation, 391
      • Elections for House, 335, 342
      • Elections for local offices, 158, 256
      • Foreign exchange issue, 114
      • Land reform, 419
      • Military’s role in government, 264, 279
      • Montagnard policy, 264
      • National Reconciliation program, 264
      • National unity government, proposed, 205
      • NLF participation in government, 306
      • Political offensive against NLF, 299
      • Political situation, 171, 391
      • Provincial administration, restructuring of, 419
      • U.S. support for political groups, 288
    • Thieu-Ky campaign, 237, 303
      • Certification of, 246, 251
      • Senate lists, affiliation with, 264
      • U.S. covert financial support, proposed, 242, 282, 289
      • U.S. covert role of guidance and advice, 235, 241, 289
    • Thieu-Ky government:
    • Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict, 138
    • Thieu-Ky relationship, 332
    • Troop augmentation by U.S., 159, 210
    • UN talks on Vietnam, NLF participation in, 435
    • U.S. Mission in Vietnam:
      • Bunker’s appointment as Ambassador, 97
      • Congressional visits, 436
      • Embassy Chancery dedication, 342
      • Lodge’s successor, selection of, 13, 94, 97
      • Personnel for Bunker’s team, 119, 150
    • U.S. policy on Vietnam:
      • “Blueprint for Vietnam” study, 296
      • Bunker’s mid-year assessment, 220
      • Bunker-Westmoreland public relations tour, 352
      • Leverage on newly-elected RVN government, program for exercise of, 301, 366
      • Political party development, funding for, 398, 417
      • Postwar development planning, 220, 430
    • Washington trip, 395, 400, 409
    • Weekly reports, 158, 171, 182, 186, 192, 200, 215, 220, 237, 256, 264, 280, 291, 299, 320, 338, 342, 379, 391, 419, 426, 446
  • Burchett, Wilfred, 29, 362, 364, 365
  • Burke, John R., 211
  • Burns, Jame. MacGrego., 348
  • Buttercup peace initiative, 336, 378, 380, 452
  • Byrd, Robert, 262, 364
  • Calhoun, Arch, 178, 190, 232, 243, 258, 260, 274, 284, 302, 398
  • Califano, Joseph, 152, 364
  • Cambodia, 130
  • Cannon, Howard D., 287
  • Cao Van Vien, Gen., 21, 115, 119, 145, 163, 166, 171, 186, 195, 210, 223, 226, 236, 237, 266, 295, 328, 332, 342, 406, 412, 413, 432, 438
  • Carmichael, Stokely, 124
  • Carver, George A., Jr., 115, 116, 136, 196, 204, 213, 218, 224, 242, 257, 282, 289, 314, 325, 335, 376
  • Case, Clifford P., 178, 336, 344
  • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 2, 12, 93, 209, 218, 224, 250, 335
    • Bombing of DRV:
      • Cessation of, consequences of, 351
      • Cessation of in exchange for halt in Soviet military deliveries to DRV, proposed, 268, 275
      • Effectiveness of, 180, 181
      • Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, 180
      • Logistical base, 345
    • Buttercup peace initiative:
      • CIA review of developments, 449
      • Negotiations, NLF terms for, 394
    • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program:
      • Communist organization, attack on, 254, 257
      • Infrastructure Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program, 254
      • Progress in, 91
      • Training program, 254
    • Communist insurgency:
      • Desertions of DRV regulars, 252
      • Losses during infiltration, 273
      • 1968 winter-spring campaigning plans, U.S. analyses of, 440
      • Order of battle estimates, 297, 314, 325
    • Military program in Vietnam, 381, 409
    • Presidential election in RVN, 136, 209, 213, 271, 281, 282
    • Saigon Station, activities of, 254
    • Thieu-Ky government, 237
    • U.S. support for Vietnamese political groups, 288, 417
  • Chang. See Le Chang.
  • Chen Yi, 165
  • Chernyakov, Yuri N., 140
  • Cheslaw, Irving, 427
  • Chieu Hoi amnesty program, 44, 197
  • China, People’s Republic of, 49, 55, 85, 113, 117, 216, 451
    • Bombing of DRV and, 153, 162
    • Cultural Revolution, 153, 154
    • DRV, relations with, 123, 248
    • Intervention in Vietnam, possible, 165, 177, 278
    • U.S.-Chinese discussions re settlement in Vietnam, proposed, 151, 152
  • Chinh. See Pham Truong Chinh, Brig. Gen.
  • Chong Il-Kwon, 107
  • Christian, George, 19, 24, 48, 79, 88, 149, 156, 174, 176, 209, 239, 240, 270, 283, 287, 300, 305, 317, 331, 336, 341, 346, 353, 355, 363, 377, 386, 409, 420, 428, 442
  • Christopher, Warren, 341
  • Churchill, Winston, 401
  • Citizens Committee for Peace with Freedom in Vietnam, 377
  • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program, 446
    • Agent Penetration Operations, 257
    • Anti-corruption program, 258, 395
    • ARVN involvement, 6, 30, 103, 135
    • Census Grievance Program, 257
    • Chieu Hoi amnesty program, 44, 197
    • Communist organization, attack on, 254, 257
    • Eisenhower’s views on, 130
    • Expansion of RD teams, 135
    • Guam Conference discussions, 116
    • Hamlet Evaluation System, 135
    • Hamlet Informant Program, 257
    • Humphrey’s assessment of, 390
    • Infrastructure Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program, 199, 254, 257, 409, 446
    • Interrogation techniques, 413
    • Komer’s assignment to, 94, 97
    • Komer’s relationship with Westmoreland, 119
    • Military’s involvement, 197
    • Office of Civil Operations, 30
    • Personnel requirements, 135, 409
    • Phoenix program. See Infrastructure Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program above.
    • Police forces, 135
    • Presidential election in RVN and, 215
    • Progress in, 30, 91, 197, 234
    • Province Chiefs’ role, 237
    • Province Interrogation Centers, 257
    • Province Reconnaissance Units, 257
    • RVN’s lead officer, 186, 342
    • Security for RD teams, 135
    • Takeoff program, 199, 215, 280
    • Thieu’s chain of command, 302
    • Training program, 197, 254
    • Unified management of integrated civil/military effort, 150, 167, 171, 192
    • U.S. ground forces’ involvement, 1, 30
    • Wise Men’s views, 377
  • Clark, Joseph, 23, 94
  • Clifford, Clark M. (see also Clifford-Taylor mission), 96, 193, 204, 433
    • Bombing of DRV, 22, 269, 270
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam, 156
    • Free World forces in Vietnam, augmentation of, 244, 269, 270
    • Lodge’s successor, selection of, 13
    • Military program in Vietnam, 238, 388, 428
    • Pennsylvania peace initiative, 357
    • Presidential election in RVN, 256
    • Wise Men meetings, 376, 377, 382
  • Clifford-Taylor mission, 238, 240, 247
    • Johnson’s appointment of, 244
    • Message to U.S. Embassies re, 253
    • Reports re, 269, 270, 285
    • Thieu and Ky, meetings with, 255, 256
  • Co. See Nguyen Huu Co, Gen.
  • Colby, William E., 7, 133, 22, 254, 350, 371, 409, 424 [Page 1147]
    • Communist insurgency, 110
    • Cambodian sanctuaries, 409
    • Desertions of DRV regulars, 252
    • Economic and political warfare, 2
    • Guam Conference discussions, 116
    • Infiltration rate, 30
    • Intelligence information on, 104
    • Losses during infiltration, 273
    • Mining of Saigon channel, 83
    • 1968 winter-spring campaigning plans, U.S. analyses of, 440, 443
    • Order of battle estimates, 208, 234, 297, 314, 325, 370, 397, 399
    • RD teams targeted by, 135
    • Status at beginning of 1967, 2
    • Strategy of, 2, 6, 347, 368
    • Success in “small war,” 177
    • Terrorism and assassinations, 103
    • Volunteers from outside Southeast Asia, 165
  • Congress, U.S.:
    • Bombing of DRV, 95, 287, 364
    • Bunker’s testimony, 400
    • Buttercup peace initiative, 432
    • Debates and hearings on U.S. policy, 355, 336, 341, 431
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam, 96, 364, 373, 421
    • Free World forces in Vietnam, 346
    • Funding, 26, 94
    • Ky’s letter to, 291
    • Negotiation issue, 23
    • Resolution on U.S. policy, 94
    • Rusk’s refusal to testify, 431
    • Sunflower peace initiative, 19
    • U.S. policy on Vietnam:
    • Wavering of support for U.S. policy, 262, 344
  • Cooper, Charles, 119, 150
  • Cooper, Chester L., 7, 14, 15, 34, 140, 173, 216, 259, 362
  • Cooper, Joh. Sherma., 341
  • Dam Van Quy, Col., 338, 342
  • Dan Duc Khoi, 266
  • Dang. See Tran Bach Dang.
  • Dang Van Quang, Lt. Gen., 328
  • Davidson, Daniel I., 272, 361, 367
  • Davidson, Gen. Phillip, 208, 314, 325, 347
  • Davis, Nathaniel, 427
  • Davis, Richard, 411
  • De Gaulle, Charles, 7
  • Dean, Arthur, 376, 377, 382
  • Dean, John, 38, 407
  • Dean, Si. Patric., 15, 137, 427
  • Defense Communications Planning Group, 121
  • Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV) (see also Bombing of DRV; Communist insurgency; Pennsylvania peace initiative; Sunflower peace initiative):
    • China, relations with, 123, 248
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
      • Canadian peace proposal, 140
      • DRV-RVN contacts, 236, 243, 304, 356, 361, 365, 367, 379, 402, 415, 419, 442
      • French-DRV discussions, 248
      • Indian-DRV discussions, 4
      • Italian-DRV discussions, 27
      • Japanese-DRV discussions, 7, 259
      • Kennedy peace proposal, 38
      • Norwegian-DRV discussions (Ohio initiative), 201, 276, 287, 330
      • Romanian-DRV discussions (Packers initiative), 411
      • Thant peace proposal, 98, 117, 123
      • U.S. proposals to DRV for talks, 127, 395
    • Negotiation issue:
    • Presidential election in RVN and, 92, 146
    • Salisbury’s visit, 3
    • Soviet Union, relations with, 128, 133, 177, 425
    • Thant, attitude toward, 201
    • U.S. operations within, 350
  • DePuy, Maj. Gen. W. E., 135, 147, 309
  • Diem. See Bui Diem.
  • Diep Van Hung, 237
  • Dillon, Douglas, 376, 377, 382
  • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam (see also Buttercup peace initiative; Pennsylvania peace initiative; Sunflower peace initiative), 30
    • Administration briefing for Congressional leadership, 364
    • Bebler’s initiative, 434
    • Canadian peace proposal, 133, 140, 204, 227, 339
    • Chinese-U.S. discussions, proposed, 151, 152
    • Cooper-Bundy settlement model, 184
    • Counter-productive nature of post-Sunflower initiatives, 137
    • DRV-RVN contacts, 236, 243, 304, 356, 361, 365, 367, 379, 415, 419, 442
    • U.S. text for message from Thieu to Ho Chi Minh, 402
    • Eastern European initiatives, 357
    • French-DRV discussions, 248
    • ICC initiative, 4, 14
    • Indian-DRV discussions, 4
    • Indonesian initiative, 227
    • Italian-DRV discussions, 27
    • Japanese-DRV discussions, 7, 259
    • JCS cease-fire plan, 184
    • Johnson’s recapitulation of, 96
    • Kennedy peace proposal, 38, 83, 96, 101, 105
    • Khanh’s initiative with NLF, 407
    • Marigold peace initiative, 4, 7, 15, 117, 317
    • NLF-U.S. contacts, 7, 435, 436
    • Norwegian-DRV discussions (Ohio initiative), 201, 276, 287, 330
    • Pell-Bo contacts, 214
    • Phase A-Phase B formula, 9
    • Polish-U.S. discussions, 9
    • Pope’s appeal for negotiations, 42
    • Primrose peace initiative, 14
    • Publicity re secret initiatives, 420
    • Quintanilla and Baggs-Ashmore initiatives, 20
    • Romanian-DRV discussions (Packers initiative), 411
    • RVN-NLF contacts, 133, 185, 330, 395, 401
    • Shah of Iran’s initiative, 341, 411
    • Soviet-U.K. discussions, 173
    • Soviet-U.S. discussions, 4, 7, 85, 117, 133, 341
    • Soviet-U.S. initiatives, U.S. strategy for, 193
    • Soviet-U.S. joint guarantee of settlement, 165
    • Thant peace proposal, 98, 101, 107, 108, 111, 112, 117, 123
    • UN resolutions, 151, 152, 156
    • UN Security Council initiative, proposed, 311, 317, 319, 373, 377, 392, 419, 421, 427, 428, 435
    • U.S. proposals to DRV for talks, 127, 395
    • U.S. reassessment of policy following failure of Sunflower, 83
    • Verification issue, 90
  • Dirksen, Everett M., 19, 96, 336, 341, 344, 346, 348, 364
  • Do. See Tran Van Do.
  • Do Nhu Cong, 413
  • Do Phat Quang, 259
  • Dobrynin, Anatoliy F., 4, 7, 17, 34, 46, 85, 96, 117, 127, 137, 140, 154, 175, 206, 268
  • Don. See Tran Van Don, Gen.
  • Donald, Richard, 278
  • Dong. See Pham Van Dong.
  • Donovan, Hedley, 353, 386
  • Douglas, Paul H., 377
  • Dow, John G., 195
  • Draft Presidential Memorandum. See under Military program in Vietnam
  • Dunlap, Thomas, 258
  • Duong Van Minh, Gen., 21, 132, 223, 226, 237, 243, 246, 264
  • Duzer, Roger, 3
  • Dzu. See Truong Dinh Dzu.
  • Eban, Abba, 336
  • Eisenhower, Dwight D., 130, 217, 252, 268, 275, 384, 409, 426
  • Ellsberg, Daniel, 131
  • Enthoven, Alain, 155, 233
  • Estabrook, Robert, 36
  • Fanfani, Amintore, 27
  • Fedorenko, Nikolai, 123
  • Findley, Paul, 101
  • Fleming, Arthur, 287
  • Flowerree, Charles, 116
  • Fomin, Alexandr, 357
  • Fortas, Abe, 96, 355, 357, 377, 382, 387, 433
  • Fowler, George, 314
  • Fowler, Henry, 193
  • France, 7, 38, 248
  • Frankel, Max, 244
  • Freeman, Fulton, 20
  • Free World forces in Vietnam, 110, 409, 436
  • Fulbright, J. William, 19, 23, 44, 96, 124, 157, 197, 207, 262, 287, 331, 341, 355, 377, 390, 431
  • Galbraith, Joh. Kennet., 124, 377
  • Gandhi, Indira, 421
  • Garthoff, Raymond, 193
  • Gaud, William, 119, 238
  • Gavin, James, 377
  • Geneva Conference, proposed reconvening of. See Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks under Sunflower peace initiative.
  • Giap. See Vo Nguyen Giap, Gen.
  • Ginsburgh, Col. Robert N., 98, 261, 268, 296, 309
  • Glassboro Summit, 206, 207, 216, 217
  • Gleysteen, Culver, 392
  • Goldberg, Arthur J., 5, 23, 80, 162, 331, 353, 377, 392
    • Bombing of DRV, 35
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
    • UN talks on Vietnam, NLF participation in, 435
  • Goldwater, Barry, 23
  • Goodpaster, Lt. Gen. Andrew J., 130, 135, 268, 275, 309, 384
  • Gore, Albert, 431
  • Gore-Booth, Paul, 46
  • Graham, Billy, 287
  • Greene, Frederick, 3, 204, 267, 276
  • Greene, Gen. Wallace M., Jr., 309, 313
  • Gromyko, Andrei, 133, 341
  • Gronouski, John A., 4, 9
  • Guam Conference, 106, 109, 115, 116, 117, 119, 123
  • Guevara, Che, 2
  • Guthrie, John, 8, 16, 18, 29, 32, 33, 36, 40, 81
  • Ha. See Sau Ha.
  • Ha Thuc Ky, 190, 237, 295, 320
  • Ha Van Lau, Col., 98, 248
  • Habib, Philip C., 195, 196, 204, 211, 224, 241, 259, 267, 269, 272, 301, 356, 392, 395, 396, 402, 405, 417, 423, 447
  • Hagerty, Jim, 400
  • Haines, Gen. Ralph, 404
  • Halls, Michael, 63
  • Hanh. See Nguyen Huu Hanh.
  • Harkins, Gen. Paul D., 197
  • Harriman, W. Averell, 7, 14, 15, 41, 49, 50, 85, 108, 115, 174, 205, 237, 259, 272, 318, 367, 395, 402
    • Bombing of DRV:
      • Hanoi-area restrictions, 17
      • Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, Soviets informed of, 174, 179
      • Pause for Tet, 34
      • Pennsylvania peace initiative and, 292
    • Buttercup peace initiative, 380, 414
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
      • Canadian peace proposal, 140
      • Quintanilla and Baggs-Ashmore initiatives, 20
      • Romanian-DRV discussions (Packers initiative), 411
      • RVN-NLF contacts, 330
      • Shah of Iran’s initiative, 411
      • Soviet-U.S. discussions, 133, 206, 217
    • Military program in Vietnam, 330, 433
    • NLF surrender issue, 330
    • Negotiation issue, 228, 380, 393, 433
    • Pennsylvania peace initiative, 263, 267, 292
    • Republic of Vietnam, NLF participation in government, 292
    • Soviet-DRV relations, 133, 425
    • Sunflower peace initiative, 46
    • Thieu-Ky government, 228
    • Wise Men meetings, 377, 380
  • Hart, John L., 91, 213, 218, 224, 232, 289, 302
  • Hart, Philip A., 195
  • Hartke, R. Vance, 22
  • Harvey, James, 354
  • Hayden, Carl, 364, 390
  • Hayden, Thomas, 406, 414
  • Heckler, Margaret, 287
  • Heineman, Ben, 157
  • Helms, Richard M., 20, 91, 136, 162, 170, 174, 175, 177, 193, 194, 204, 209, 238, 250, 283, 305, 351, 355, 364, 395, 422, 424
    • Bombing of DRV:
      • Cessation of in exchange for halt in Soviet military deliveries to DRV, proposed, 268
      • Effectiveness of, 180, 298, 341, 345
      • Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, 180
      • Pennsylvania peace initiative and, 336
    • Buttercup peace initiative, 369, 383, 389, 394, 406, 409, 413, 420, 429, 432, 437, 438, 449, 452
    • Cambodia, proposed incursions into, 428
    • CIA Saigon Station, activities of, 254
    • Communist insurgency, order of battle estimates, 314, 325, 397, 399
    • Intelligence collection activities in Vietnam, 350
    • Pennsylvania peace initiative, 308, 336, 341, 353, 362, 363
    • Unfavorable outcome of the war, implications of, 316
    • U.S. domestic situation, 386
    • U.S. information programs, 336
    • Wise Men, 377
  • Hertz, Gustav, 414
  • Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 19, 364
  • Hoang Co Binh, 320
  • Hoang Man’Tu, 8, 18, 33, 36, 81, 117, 127
  • Hoang Tung, 20
  • Hoang Xuan Lam, Gen., 145, 163, 328, 332
  • Ho Chi Minh, 6, 227, 248, 329
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
      • Pope’s appeal for negotiations, 42
      • Quintanilla and Baggs-Ashmore initiatives, 20
      • Romanian-DRV discussions (Packers initiative), 411
      • U.S. proposals to DRV for talks, 127
    • Johnson’s correspondence with, 40, 82, 117, 127
    • Negotiation issue, 82
    • Pennsylvania peace initiative, 263
    • Pope’s correspondence with, 42
    • Prisoners of war, 450
    • Sunflower peace initiative, 40, 82, 117
  • Hollings, Ernest F., 262
  • Holt, Harold, 154, 193, 244, 270, 317, 442
  • Holyoake, Keith, 270
  • Hoopes, Townsend, 25
  • Hoyt, Palmer, 386
  • Huan, Col., 432, 438
  • Hughes, Thomas L., 224, 248, 252, 259, 276, 278, 279, 287, 350
  • Humphrey, Hubert H., 76, 113, 174, 249, 291, 364, 390, 422, 428
  • Humphreys, Gen., 116
  • Huong. See Tran Van Huong.
  • Hutchinson, Brig. Gen., 116
  • Hyland, William, 314, 325
  • Iliescu, Marin, 411
  • India, 4
  • Indonesia, 113, 227, 390
  • Infrastructure Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program (ICEX), 199, 254, 257, 409, 446
  • Institute of Defense Analysis, 439
  • International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 450
  • International Control Commission (ICC), 4, 14, 90
  • Isham, Heyward, 109, 272, 361, 362, 396, 402
  • Italy, 27
  • Jackson, Henry, 95, 355
  • Jacobson, George, 232, 302
  • Japan, 7, 154, 259, 356, 367, 402, 419
  • JASON report on bombing of DRV, 439
  • Javits, Jacob, 84
  • Jernegan, John D., 14
  • Jessup, Peter, 417, 424
  • Johnson, Gen. Harold K., 294, 305, 309, 317, 404
  • Johnson, Lyndon B., 1, 6, 13, 21, 24, 30, 31, 34, 41, 44, 51, 61, 91, 118, 133, 135, 158, 163, 171, 174, 178, 185, 186, 192, 202, 205, 209, 212, 218, 223, 226, 229, 230, 237, 254, 256, 264, 265, 266, 280, 291, 295, 299, 309, 320, 334, 342, 351, 359, 360, 361, 365, 366, 379, 391, 394, 415, 419, 426, 446, 452
    • Acheson’s relationship with, 433
    • Army of the Republic of Vietnam, 200, 400
    • Asian Development Bank, 331
    • Bombing of DRV:
      • Administration briefings for Congressional leadership, 95, 364
      • Advisers for Johnson re, 22
      • McGeorge Bundy’s assessment of, 157, 354
      • Cessation of in exchange for halt in Soviet military deliveries to DRV, proposed, 268
      • Chinese border buffer zone, 270, 283
      • Civilian casualties, 84, 409
      • Effectiveness of, 172, 180, 181, 298, 341, 345
      • Expanded strikes of April, 139
      • Goldberg’s de-escalation proposal, 35
      • Hanoi-area restrictions, 363
      • Hanoi power station, 173
      • Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, 22, 162, 167, 169, 180, 194, 203
      • Mortar attacks, retaliation for, 261
      • NSC discussions, 43
      • Pause in bombing for Tet, 47, 54, 57, 73, 74, 76, 77, 78
      • Pennsylvania peace initiative and, 336
      • Phuc Yen airfield, 294, 312, 336, 355, 363
      • Port facilities, 305, 312, 317
      • Public attitude toward, 247
      • Rostow’s recommendations for changes, 245
      • Scenario to mollify all U.S. officials, 176
      • Target selection, 25, 83, 84, 287, 305, 317, 346
      • U.S. aircraft losses, 355, 409
      • Wise Men’s views, 377
    • Bunker, attitude toward, 384
    • Buttercup peace initiative:
      • Administration discussions, 409
      • Negotiations, NLF terms for, 369
      • Political aspects, 422
      • Press leaks re, 422
      • Prisoner exchanges, 369, 386, 405, 438
    • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program, 94, 97, 150, 167, 215, 409
    • Clifford-Taylor mission, 238, 240, 247
      • Johnson’s appointment of, 244
      • Message to U.S. Embassies re, 253
      • Reports, 269, 270, 285
      • Thieu and Ky, meetings with, 255
    • Communist insurgency:
      • Cambodian sanctuaries, 409
      • Guam Conference discussions, 116
      • Losses during infiltration, 273
      • Mining of Saigon channel, 83
      • 1968 winter-spring campaigning plans, U.S. analyses of, 440
      • Order of battle estimates, 397, 399
      • Strategy of, 368
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
      • Administration briefing for Congressional leadership, 364
      • Canadian peace proposal, 140
      • Chinese-U.S. discussions, proposed, 151, 152
      • DRV-RVN contacts, 442
      • Johnson’s recapitulation of, 96
      • Kennedy peace proposal, 38, 83, 96, 101, 105
      • Marigold peace initiative, 4, 15, 317
      • Pell-Bo contacts, 214
      • Pope’s appeal for negotiations, 42
      • Publicity re secret initiatives, 420
      • Shah of Iran’s initiative, 341
      • Soviet-U.S. discussions, 206, 207, 216, 217
      • Soviet-U.S. initiatives, U.S. strategy for, 193
      • Thant peace proposal, 101, 111, 112, 123
      • UN resolutions, 151, 152, 156
      • UN Security Council initiative, proposed, 311, 317, 319, 373, 421, 428
      • U.S. proposals to DRV for talks, 127, 395
      • U.S. reassessment of policy following failure of Sunflower, 83
    • Eisenhower’s conversation with, 384
    • Free World forces in Vietnam, 409
    • Guam Conference, 106, 115, 116, 119
    • Ho Chi Minh’s correspondence with, 40, 82, 117, 127
    • Humphrey’s Vietnam visit, 390
    • International trip in December, 442, 446
    • Kennedy’s conflict with, 124
    • Kosygin’s correspondence with, 175, 179
    • Kosygin’s meetings with, 206, 207, 216, 217
    • Mansfield’s relationship with, 151
    • McNamara mission to Vietnam, 238
    • McNamara’s departure from Defense Department, 375
    • Military program in Vietnam:
      • Acceleration of activities, 83, 84, 347, 357, 400
      • Air support for ground troops, 305
      • Anti-infiltration initiatives, 121, 313
      • Body counts, 400, 409
      • Cambodia, proposed incursions into, 428
      • Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 409
      • DMZ redeployment, 341, 344
      • Draft Presidential Memorandum, 177, 194
      • Haiphong mining option, 83
      • Johnson’s visible command of campaign, proposed, 393
      • Johnson’s visit with troops, 442
      • Laos, military overflights of, 420
      • Laos, proposed incursions into, 317, 409, 428
      • McNamara’s criticism of Westmoreland’s management, 239
      • Operation Shenandoah, 355
      • Progress in, 234, 287
      • Reserves call-up issue, 363
      • Stabilization and bombing stand down proposal, 375, 378, 381, 385, 387, 403, 404, 410, 441
      • “Stalemate” issue, 287
      • “Stick-it-out” scenario, 381
      • “War that can’t be won” issue, 238
      • Westmoreland’s vision for 1967, 28
    • Negotiation issue:
      • Administration discussions with Congressional leaders, 23
      • DRV reassessment of policy, possible, 252
      • Forms of negotiation, U.S. internal debate re, 87
      • Troop augmentation by U.S. and, 221
      • U.S. public relations re, 111, 113
    • Pennsylvania peace initiative, 326
    • San Antonio formula for peace, 340, 348
    • Termination of, 362
    • U.S. messages to DRV, 321, 348, 349
    • U.S. public statements re, 355, 363
    • Pope’s correspondence with, 42
    • Presidential election in RVN:
      • Fairness and honesty concerns, 236
      • Fraud allegations, 336
      • Guam Conference discussions, 115, 116
      • International implications, 285
      • International observers, 283, 287, 294, 303, 305
      • Johnson’s letter to Thieu and Ky re, 284
      • Press coverage, 287
      • Results of, 303
      • Summit of Vietnam allies and, 247
      • U.S. covert financial support for, 250
    • Prisoners of war, 450
    • Re-election bid, 341
      • Republic of Vietnam:
      • Constitution-making, 115, 120
      • Land reform, 115, 116
      • Military’s role in government, 100, 279
      • National Reconciliation program, 115
      • NLF participation in government issue, 305, 444
    • Rusk’s refusal to testify before Congress, 431
    • Soviet-DRV relations, 425
    • State of the Union speech, 11
    • Sunflower peace initiative:
      • Arrangements for talks, 16
      • Collapse of, 77, 79, 82
      • DRV response to U.S. proposal, 29
      • Johnson’s correspondence with Ho Chi Minh, 40, 82
      • Johnson’s discussions with Congressional leaders re, 19
      • Johnson’s recapitulation of, 96
      • Kennedy’s criticism of U.S. handling of, 122, 124
      • Publication of Johnson-Ho correspondence, 117
      • Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks, 39, 46, 48, 55, 57, 58, 64, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 76, 79, 137, 207
      • U.S. contingency planning, 54
      • U.S. proposal for secret talks, 5
    • Thieu and Ky, communications with, 144, 284, 285, 303, 405
    • Thieu and Ky, meetings with, 115, 442, 446
    • Thieu-Ky campaign, 303
    • Thieu-Ky government, inauguration of, 331, 341
    • Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict:
      • Resolution of conflict, U.S. demands for, 143, 178, 219, 222, 225
      • Unity of armed forces and, 144
      • U.S. intervention issue, 189
    • Troop augmentation by U.S.:
      • Deployments of troops, 287, 409
      • Johnson’s decision re, 238, 240
      • Negotiation issue and, 221
      • Publicity re, 244, 248
      • Vietnamese manpower utilization and, 159
      • Westmoreland’s defense of his request, 149
    • U.S. domestic situation:
      • Anti-war movement, 341, 363
      • Communist takeover concerns, 386
    • U.S. information programs, 336, 341, 346, 348, 352, 386
    • U.S. Mission in Vietnam:
      • Bunker’s appointment as Ambassador, 97
      • Lodge’s resignation as Ambassador, 86
      • Lodge’s successor, selection of, 23, 37, 83, 94, 97
    • U.S. policy on Vietnam, 88
      • “Blueprint for Vietnam” study, 296, 317
      • McGeorge Bundy’s assessment of, 157
      • Bunker’s mid-year assessment, 220
      • Congressional debates and hearings, 336, 355, 341, 431
      • Congressional resolution on, 94
      • Congressional support, wavering of, 262, 344
      • Funding for, 11, 26, 94
      • McPherson’s report on Vietnam visit, 197
      • Objective of policy, proposed change in, 401
      • Planning for 1968, 395
      • Postwar development planning, 115
      • Unfavorable outcome, implications of, 316
      • Wise Men’s consideration of, 376, 377
      • Withdrawal option, 377
    • Wilson’s correspondence with, 64, 65, 66, 67, 70, 74
    • Wise Men meetings, 376, 377, 382, 393
  • Johnson, Tom, 76, 238, 239, 240, 244, 270, 300, 364, 390, 420, 428
  • Johnson, U. Alexis, 100, 407
  • Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 30, 110
    • Bombing of DRV:
      • McGeorge Bundy’s assessment of, 157
      • Cessation of bombing, terms for, 90
      • Effectiveness of, 439
      • Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, 187
      • Logistical base, 194, 372
      • Objectives of, 194
      • Pause in bombing for Tet, 47
      • Target selection, 25, 317
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam, 90, 184, 227
    • JASON report on bombing of DRV, 439
    • Military program in Vietnam:
      • Acceleration of activities, 357
      • Anti-infiltration initiatives, 121, 313
      • Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 396, 404, 418, 436
      • Defeat-related concerns, 309
      • Draft Presidential Memorandum, 187
      • JCS and State Department recommendations, comparison of, 408
      • Laos, proposed incursions into, 409
      • 120 Day Program proposal, 418
      • Operation York II, 418
    • Negotiation issue, 90
    • Troop augmentation by U.S.:
    • JCS position, 141, 177, 186
    • Westmoreland’s defense of his request, 149
  • Jones, James “Jim,” 124, 205, 225, 226, 287, 305, 317, 377, 386
  • Jorden, William J., 14, 106, 144, 164, 185, 197, 212, 266, 272, 295, 296, 300, 304, 350, 356
  • Kaiser, Philip, 80
  • Kaplan, Harold, 300, 348
  • Katzenbach, Nicholas deB. (see also McNamara mission to Vietnam), 8, 20, 38, 47, 57, 76, 81, 83, 147, 149, 154, 156, 162, 170, 193, 205, 209, 213, 214, 216, 222, 241, 253, 269, 270, 278, 301, 318, 327, 335, 367, 372, 396, 405, 421, 423, 447
    • Bombing of DRV:
      • McGeorge Bundy’s recommendations, 354
      • Cessation of bombing in exchange for halt in Soviet military deliveries to DRV, proposed, 268
      • Effectiveness of, 236
      • Expanded strikes of April, 139
      • Pennsylvania peace initiative and, 336, 337
    • Buttercup peace initiative, 414, 432
    • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program, 395
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam, 152, 184, 319, 395, 401
    • Free World forces in Vietnam, augmentation of, 244
    • Lodge’s successor, selection of, 37
    • Pennsylvania peace initiative, 277, 333, 336, 337, 357
    • Presidential election in RVN:
      • Fairness and honesty concerns, 236
      • Run-off issue, 148
      • Thanh’s possible candidacy, 249
      • Validation of results, 242
    • Press coverage of Vietnam, 238
    • Republic of Vietnam economic situation, 395
    • Sunflower peace initiative, 333
    • Thieu-Ky government, inauguration of, 331
    • Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict:
      • Dual candidacies, consequences of, 196
      • Resolution of conflict, U.S. demands for, 219, 225
      • U.S. covert support for Ky, proposed, 224
    • U.S. information programs, 336
    • U.S. policy on Vietnam:
      • Objective of policy, proposed change in, 401
      • Planning for 1968, 395
      • “Prognosis for Vietnam” report, 374
      • RVN’s increased responsibility, 401
    • Wise Men, 377
  • Kaul, T. N., 4, 14
  • Kennan, George, 377
  • Kennedy, Edward M., 341
  • Kennedy, Jacqueline, 292, 414
  • Kennedy, Robert F., 7, 38, 44, 55, 83, 96, 101, 105, 122, 124
  • Khang. See Le Nguyen Khang, Gen.
  • Khanh. See Nguyen Khanh.
  • Kieu. See Nguyen Van Kieu.
  • Kilpatrick, James J., 287
  • Kinh, Amb., 8
  • Kirbow, Charles, 287
  • Kissinger, Henry A., 227
  • Kistiakowsky, George, 313
  • Knight, John, 317
  • Kohler, Foy D., 8, 34, 46, 76, 85, 121, 133, 170, 174, 259, 335, 417, 424
  • Komer, Robert W., 6, 100, 149, 171, 190, 230, 232, 238, 302, 328
    • Army of the Republic of Vietnam, 131
    • Bombing of DRV, 234
    • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program:
      • Anti-corruption program, 258
      • Infrastructure Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program, 199, 254, 409, 446
      • Komer’s assignment to, 94, 97
      • Komer’s relationship with Westmoreland, 119
      • Personnel requirements, 409
      • Progress in, 234
      • RVN’s lead officer, 342
      • Security for RD teams, 135
      • Takeoff program, 199, 280
      • Unified management of integrated civil/military effort, 150, 167, 192
    • Communist insurgency:
    • Guam Conference, 115, 116, 119
    • Military program in Vietnam:
      • Acceleration of activities, 347
      • Cambodia, proposed incursions into, 347
      • Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 409
      • Laos, proposed incursions into, 234, 347
      • NLF, proposed focus on, 147
      • Progress in, 91, 208, 234, 347
      • Westmoreland’s replacement with Abrams, consideration of, 347
    • Presidential election in RVN, 30, 274
    • Republic of Vietnam:
      • Foreign exchange issue, 114
      • Land reform, 116
    • Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict, 143, 189
    • Troop augmentation by U.S., 147, 159, 189
    • U.S. Mission in Vietnam:
      • Lodge’s resignation as Ambassador, 86
      • Lodge’s successor, selection of, 13, 37
      • Personnel for Bunker’s team, 119, 150
    • U.S. policy on Vietnam, 24, 91
    • Visit to Vietnam (Feb.), 91
  • Korea, Republic of, 197, 269, 270
  • Koren, Henry L. T., 135
  • Kosygin, Alexei N., 15, 34, 128, 137, 236, 364, 420, 425
  • Kraft, Joseph, 313, 355
  • Kramer, Barry, 422
  • Kraslow, David, 420
  • Krimer, William D., 216
  • Krulak, Lt. Gen. Victor H., 6
  • Kuchel, Thomas, 341
  • Ky. See Nguyen Cao Ky, Air Vice Marshal.
  • La Pira, Giorgio, 27
  • Laise, Carol, 138
  • Lam (RVN), 445, 448
  • Lam, Gen. See Hoang Xuan Lam, Gen.
  • Lam, Maj., 132
  • Lansdale, Edward G., 12, 119, 138, 232, 258, 302, 320
  • Laos, 49, 51, 130
  • Lapham, 398
  • Larmon, Sigard, 386
  • Larson, Gen., 192, 287, 317
  • Le Chang, 8, 16, 18, 29, 33, 36, 40, 81
  • Le Nguyen Khang, Gen., 145, 196, 332, 342
  • Le Phuoc Sang, 192, 338, 342
  • Le Quang Liem, 338
  • Le Tung Son, 98
  • Lee Kuan Yew, 355
  • LeMay, Gen. Curtis, 157
  • Leonhart, William, 159, 167, 238, 301, 374, 409
  • Lewandowsky, Januscz, 7
  • Lilienthal, David, 91, 92, 115, 430
  • Lincoln, Abraham, 127
  • Linh Quang Vien, Gen., 145, 338
  • Lippmann, Walter, 157, 354
  • Loan. See Ngo Minh Loan; Nguyen Ngoc Loan, Gen.
  • Loc. See Nguyen Van Loc; Vinh Loc, Gen.
  • Locke, Eugene, 97, 115, 158, 166, 189, 190, 192, 197, 209, 210, 223, 232, 234, 238, 274, 296, 302, 317, 342, 389, 398, 406, 412, 413, 415
  • Lodge, Henr. Cabo., 27, 100
    • Army of the Republic of Vietnam, 45, 103, 104
    • Bombing of DRV, 75
    • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program, 30, 103, 377
    • Communist insurgency, 103, 104
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam, 7, 112, 133
    • Farewell call on Ky, 146
    • Guam Conference, 106, 115, 116
    • Military program in Vietnam, 44, 121, 377, 393
    • National Liberation Front, recruitment by, 104
    • Postwar planning, 92
    • Presidential election in RVN, 294, 305
      • “American candidate” issue, 132
      • DRV, effect on, 92
      • Guam Conference discussions, 116
      • Laws re, 129
      • Major presidential slates, 21
      • Military-civilian balance among candidates, 125, 126, 129
      • Minh’s possible candidacy, 132
      • Organization by candidates, importance of, 134
      • Scheduling of, 104
      • Security for candidates, 129, 132
      • U.S. involvement issue, 92
      • U.S. objectives re, 99
    • Republic of Vietnam:
      • Civil-military coupling in government, 44
      • Constitution-making, 21, 45, 92, 116, 120, 129
      • Demonstrations against “false peace,” 93
      • Elections for local offices, 92
      • Foreign exchange issue, 114
      • Military’s role in government, 92, 102
      • National Reconciliation program, 92
      • Negotiations, position on, 109
      • NLF participation in government issue, 44, 92
    • Sunflower peace initiative, 52, 75
    • Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict:
      • Coup, potential for, 145
      • Generals’ attitude toward, 138, 145
      • Ky’s views, 118
      • Resolution of conflict, U.S. demands for, 138, 143
    • U.S. information programs, 377
    • U.S. Mission in Vietnam:
      • Lodge’s resignation as Ambassador, 86
      • Lodge’s successor, selection of, 13
      • Personnel for Bunker’s team, 119
    • U.S. policy on Vietnam, 13, 86
    • Wise Men meetings, 377, 382
  • Long, Russell, 364
  • Loory, Stuart, 420
  • Lucet, Charles E., 317
  • Lucey, Archbishop, 287
  • Lyng, John, 201
  • MacDonald, Donald, 116, 288
  • Macovescu, Gheorghe, 411
  • Mahon, George, 364, 390
  • Mai Thi Vang, 429, 432, 437, 438, 449, 452
  • Mai Tho Truyen, 256
  • Mai Van Bo, 3, 7, 14, 20, 227
  • Malaysia, 113, 390
  • Male, Ray, 159
  • Manac’h, Etienne, 38, 83, 248
  • Manatos, Mike, 364
  • Mankiewicz, Frank, 124
  • Mansfield, Mike, 96, 273, 331, 341, 442
    • Bombing of DRV, 364
    • Congressional debates, 336, 341
    • Congressional hearings, Rusk’s refusal to testify at, 431
    • Congressional resolution, 94
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
      • Chinese-U.S. discussions, proposed, 151, 152
      • UN resolutions, 151, 152
      • UN Security Council initiative, proposed, 311, 319, 373
    • Humphrey’s Vietnam visit, 390
    • Johnson’s relationship with, 151
    • Lodge’s successor, selection of, 94
    • Military’s anti-infiltration initiatives, 151
    • Sunflower peace initiative, 19
  • Mantle, Mickey, 111
  • Mao Tse Tung, 2, 153
  • Marcovich, Herbert, 263, 286, 293, 310, 315, 322, 324, 326, 329, 333, 334, 337, 341, 343, 349, 357, 359, 360, 362, 420
  • Marigold peace initiative, 4, 7, 15, 117, 317
  • Marks, Leonard, 119, 240, 287
  • Marshall, Gen. George C., 130, 377
  • Martin, Everett, 342
  • Martin, Paul J., 4, 133, 204, 227, 339, 377, 421, 434
  • Matthews, H. Freeman, 269
  • Maurer, Io. Gheorgh., 357, 380, 411
  • McCarthy, Eugene, 355
  • McCarthy, Richard, 346
  • McChristian, Maj. Gen. Joseph A., 325
  • McCloskey, Robert, 7
  • McCloy, John, 433
  • McConnell, Gen. John P., 294, 309, 313, 317, 420
  • McCormack, John, 291
  • McCormack, Thomas, 364
  • McCullough, Frank, 132
  • McEwen, John, 442
  • McGee, Gale, 377, 428
  • McGrory, Mary, 83
  • McMahon, William, 341
  • McNamara, Robert S. (see also McNamara mission to Vietnam), 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 19, 24, 37, 87, 88, 90, 96, 108, 115, 147, 149, 154, 156, 157, 174, 180, 189, 193, 203, 209, 225, 244, 253, 262, 269, 318, 384, 386, 400
    • Army of the Republic of Vietnam, 236
    • Bombing of DRV:
      • Administration briefings for Congressional leadership, 364
      • Chinese border buffer zone, 283
      • Civilian casualties, 84, 409
      • Congressional investigations re, 287
      • Effectiveness of, 26, 181, 236, 238, 341, 439
      • Hanoi power station, 173
      • Impediment to peace efforts, 105
      • Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, 169, 186, 194, 231
      • Logistical base, 175, 194
      • NSC discussions, 43
      • Objectives of, 84, 194
      • Pause in bombing for Tet, 47, 54, 62, 77, 78
      • Pennsylvania peace initiative and, 290, 292
      • Phuc Yen airfield, 294, 336, 355, 363
      • Port facilities, 305, 317
      • Scenario to mollify all U.S. officials, 176
      • Target selection, 25, 83, 84, 247, 287, 305, 317, 346
      • U.S. aircraft losses, 331, 355, 409
    • Buttercup peace initiative, 383, 389, 406, 409, 413, 420, 429, 432, 437, 438, 449, 452
    • Cambodian sanctuaries, 409
    • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program:
      • Communist organization, attack on, 257
      • COMUSMACV charged with responsibility for, 167
      • Infrastructure Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program, 409
      • Personnel requirements, 409
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
      • DRV-RVN contacts, 236
      • Kennedy peace proposal, 105
      • Publicity re secret initiatives, 420
      • RVN-NLF contacts, 330
      • UN Security Council initiative, proposed, 319, 428
    • Free World forces in Vietnam, 409
      • Augmentation of, 238, 240, 317, 341
      • Congressional resolution on, 346
      • Summit of troop-contributing nations, proposed, 353
    • Humphrey’s Vietnam visit, 390
    • JASON report on bombing of DRV, 439
    • Johnson re-election bid issue, 341
    • Military program in Vietnam:
      • Acceleration of activities, 357
      • Air support for ground troops, 305
      • Anti-infiltration initiatives, 121, 313, 331, 377
      • Body counts, 409
      • Cambodia, proposed incursions into, 428
      • DMZ redeployment, 341
      • Draft Presidential Memorandum, 161, 177, 194
      • Equipment situation, 409
      • Haiphong mining option, 84, 105, 330
      • Laos, proposed incursions into, 428
      • McNamara’s criticism of Westmoreland’s management, 239
      • 120 Day Program proposal, 418
      • Reserves call-up issue, 177, 186, 363
      • Stabilization and bombing stand down proposal, 375
      • “Stalemate” issue, 275
      • “War that can’t be won” issue, 238
    • National Liberation Front surrender issue, 330
    • Negotiations between NLF and RVN, necessity of, 228
    • Pennsylvania peace initiative, 317, 336, 346, 353, 357
      • Bombing of DRV and, 290, 292
      • Instructions for Kissinger, 307
      • McNamara’s assessment of, 330
      • U.S. messages to DRV, 348
      • U.S. public statements re, 355
      • Presidential election in RVN, 236, 287
      • Press coverage of Vietnam, 238, 240
    • Republic of Vietnam:
      • Foreign exchange issue, 236
      • NLF participation in government, 292, 305
      • U.S. support for political groups, 288
    • Resignation, 375
    • Rusk’s position on Vietnam, criticism of, 228
    • Sunflower peace initiative, 57, 71, 76, 77, 79
    • Thieu-Ky government, 228
    • Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict, 143
    • Troop augmentation by U.S.:
      • Ceiling on deployments, agreement re, 233
      • Enthoven’s position, 155
      • JCS position, 141, 177, 186
      • Johnson’s decision re, 240
      • McNamara’s recommendation for smaller increase, 161, 186, 238
      • Publicity re, 240, 248
      • Vietnamese manpower utilization and, 160
      • Westmoreland-Sharp request, 177
    • U.S. domestic situation, 177, 341, 363
    • U.S. information programs, 240
    • U.S. Mission in Vietnam, 13, 97, 119
    • U.S. policy in Vietnam:
      • “Blueprint for Vietnam” study, 296
      • Credibility problems of U.S. officials, 352
      • Ending war in 1967, McNamara’s focus on, 105
      • Funding for, 26
    • Wise Men, 376, 377
  • McNamara mission to Vietnam, 210, 213, 220
    • Briefing for Johnson, 238
    • Meetings in Vietnam, 233, 236, 237
  • McNaughton, John T., 7, 20, 115, 121, 131, 133, 161, 162, 169, 177, 227
  • McPherson, Harry C., Jr., 185, 189, 192, 197, 238, 291, 352, 364, 431
  • Meehan, Francis J., 285
  • Meeker, Leonard, 188
  • Menzies, Si. Rober., 336, 341
  • Michalowski, Jerzy, 9
  • Middle East crisis, 195
  • Military program in Vietnam (see also Bombing of DRV; Free World forces in Vietnam; Prisoners of war; Troop augmentation by U.S.):
    • Acceleration of activities, 83, 84, 347, 357, 400
    • Acheson’s views, 433
    • Air support for ground troops, 305, 409
    • Anti-infiltration initiatives, 115, 116, 121, 151, 215, 313, 331, 377
    • Body counts, 197, 400, 409
    • Cambodia, proposed incursions into, 149, 154, 347, 403, 404, 408, 428, 436
    • Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 391, 396, 404, 409, 412, 415, 418, 419, 436, 442, 445, 446, 447, 448
    • Civilian casualties, 44, 116
    • Dak To fighting, 400
    • Defeat-related concerns, 309
    • DMZ redeployment, 341, 344
    • Draft Presidential Memorandum, 161, 187, 194, 177
    • Eisenhower’s views on, 130
    • Equipment situation, 238, 409
    • Ground action against DRV option, 154
    • Guam Conference discussions, 116
    • Haiphong mining option, 83, 84, 105, 154, 330
    • In-place teams, 350
    • Intelligence collection activities, 350
    • JCS and State Department recommendations, comparison of, 408
    • Johnson’s visible command of campaign, proposed, 393
    • Johnson’s visit with troops, 442
    • Laos, military overflights of, 420
    • Laos, proposed incursions into, 149, 154, 215, 234, 237, 317, 347, 403, 404, 408, 409, 428
    • Low manpower programs, emphasis on, 6
    • McNamara’s criticism of Westmoreland’s management, 239
    • Naval operations, 350
    • NLF, proposed focus on, 147
    • 120 Day Program proposal, 418, 426
    • Operation Hickory, 176
    • Operation Junction City, 104, 116, 130
    • Operation Shenandoah, 355
    • Operation York II, 418
    • Order of battle estimates re Communist insurgency. See under Communist insurgency.
    • Press coverage of combat missions, 386
    • Progress in, 30, 91, 116, 177, 192, 208, 234, 238, 256, 287, 347
    • Reserves call-up issue, 154, 177, 186, 363
    • Stabilization and bombing stand down proposal:
      • McGeorge Bundy’s position, 385
      • Bunker’s position, 410
      • Clifford’s position, 388
      • Fortas’ position, 387
      • Johnson’s decision re, 441
      • McNamara’s draft for Johnson, 375
      • Rostow’s position, 378
      • Rusk’s position, 403
      • Taylor’s position, 381
      • Westmoreland’s position, 404
    • “Stalemate” issue, 275, 287
    • “Stick-it-out” scenario, 381
    • Vietnamese attitude toward U.S. presence, 44
    • “War that can’t be won” issue, 238
    • “War zone” tactic, 197
    • Westmoreland’s concept of, 416
    • Westmoreland’s replacement by Abrams, consideration of, 347
    • Westmoreland’s vision for 1967, 28
    • Wise Men’s views, 377
  • Miller, Jack, 287
  • Miller, Robert H., 21, 99, 196, 300, 301, 402
  • Minh. See Duong Van Minh, Gen.
  • Minh, Gen., 332
  • Momyer, Gen. William H., 116, 275, 287
  • Monnet, Jean, 430
  • Montagnards, 158, 264
  • Montague, Robert, 342
  • Moor, Dean, 325
  • Moorer, Adm. Thomas H., 309
  • Morse, Wayne, 96, 152, 373, 431
  • Morton, Thruston B., 344
  • Moss, John, 364
  • Moyers, Bill, 274
  • Murphy, Robert, 83, 376, 377, 382, 393
  • Murray, Don, 41, 46, 49, 63
  • Murtopo, Col. Ali, 227
  • Muskie, Edmund, 124, 336
  • Nakayama, Amb., 419
  • Narasimhan, 123
  • National Liberation Front (NLF) (see also Buttercup peace initiative; Communist insurgency):
    • Appeal for Vietnamese peasants, 197
    • Bunker fortifications, 197
    • Defections from, 197
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
    • Elections, pledge re, 299
    • Military program in Vietnam, NLF as focus of, 147
    • Negotiation issue:
      • NLF-RVN negotiations, necessity of, 228
      • Soviet insistence on NLF participation, 364
    • Presidential election in RVN, reaction to, 264
    • Recruitment by, 104, 197
    • RVN government, NLF participation issue, 44, 92, 292, 305, 306, 444
    • Surrender issue, 330
    • UN talks on Vietnam, NLF participation in, 435
  • National Security Action Memoranda:
  • National Security Council (NSC):
    • 568th meeting, 43
    • 575th meeting, 319
    • 578th meeting, 390
    • Special Committee, 193
  • Ne Win, 5, 377
  • Negotiation issue (see also Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam):
    • Acheson’s views, 433
    • Administration discussions with Congressional leaders, 23
    • McGeorge Bundy’s position, 393
    • William Bundy’s position, 154
    • Cessation of bombing, consequences of, 351
    • DRV attitude toward negotiations, 177
    • DRV conditions for talks, 29, 35, 82, 201, 214, 216, 248, 329, 451
    • DRV reassessment of policy, possible, 227, 248, 252
    • Forms of negotiation, U.S. internal debate re, 87
    • Guam Conference discussions, 109
    • Military operations during negotiations, 90
    • NLF-RVN negotiations, necessity of, 228
    • RVN position, 109
    • Soviet insistence on NLF participation, 364
    • Soviet perspective on U.S. policy re negotiations, 85
    • Troop augmentation by U.S. and, 221
    • U.S. allies’ role in negotiations, 90
    • U.S. public relations re, 1, 90, 111, 113
    • Wise Men’s views, 377, 380, 393
  • Negotiations Committee, 34, 133, 267, 272
  • New Zealand, 269, 270
  • Ngo Dinh Nhu, 302
  • Ngo Minh Loan, 201, 276, 287, 330
  • Nguyen Bao Tri, Gen., 163, 195, 232, 266, 332, 342
  • Nguyen Be, Maj., 197
  • Nguyen Cao Ky, Air Vice Marshal (see also Thieu-Ky campaign; Thieu-Ky government; Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict), 44, 100, 158
    • Army of the Republic of Vietnam:
      • Corruption problem, 295
      • Co’s removal, 12
      • I Corps situation, 144
      • Incompetence problem, 195
      • Leadership changes, 328
      • Local populations, relations with, 104
      • Maximum use of manpower, 255
      • Mobilization for, 210
      • Popular Forces and Regional Forces, 237
    • Bombing pause for Tet, 75
    • Buttercup peace initiative, 437
    • Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 391, 396
    • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program:
      • Province Chiefs’ role, 237
      • Takeoff program, 280
    • Clifford-Taylor mission, 255, 256, 270
    • Communist insurgency, intelligence information on, 104
    • Congress (U.S.), letter to, 291
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
    • Guam Conference, 106, 115
    • Johnson’s communications with, 144, 284
    • Johnson’s meetings with, 115
    • Lodge’s farewell call, 146
    • McNamara mission to Vietnam, 236
    • McPherson’s assessment of, 197
    • National Liberation Front, recruitment by, 104
    • Presidential election in RVN:
      • Censorship concerns, 192, 195, 198
      • Demonstrations and protests, 264
      • DRV, effect on, 92, 146
      • Fairness and honesty concerns, 186
      • Fraud allegations, 320
      • Government harassment of opposition candidates, 205, 212, 213, 295
      • Guam Conference discussions, 115, 116
      • International observers, 243
      • Johnson’s letter to Thieu and Ky re, 284
      • Ky-Huong cooperation, 186, 195, 197, 198
      • Ky’s defense of electoral process to U.S. critics, 291
      • Ky’s prediction for outcome, 295
      • Laws re, 129
      • Loan’s involvement on Ky’s behalf, 195, 197, 198, 209, 211, 218
      • Loan’s removal, proposal for, 213
      • Military-civilian balance among candidates, 129, 171
      • Military president, need for, 12
      • Military’s non-participation, 210
      • Organization by candidates, importance of, 134
      • Public relations re, 280
      • Run-off issue, 195
      • Scheduling of, 104, 195
      • Security for candidates, 129
      • 30 “introductions” requirement, 192, 195
      • Validation of results, 320, 338, 342
    • Republic of Vietnam:
      • Constitution-making, 12, 115, 120, 129
      • Corruption in government, 104, 185, 197
      • Demonstrations against “false peace,” 93
      • Directorate-Assembly conflict, 195
      • Economic situation, 391
      • Elections for local offices, 92
      • Foreign exchange issue, 114
      • Land reform, 115
      • Military’s role in government, 279
    • Sunflower peace initiative, 52, 75
    • Suu, assessment of, 134
    • Thieu’s relationship with, 232, 235, 241, 260, 302, 328, 332
    • Nguyen Chi Thanh, 2, 248
    • Nguyen Duc Thang, Gen., 103, 119, 132, 138, 145, 163, 186, 195, 197, 202, 226, 230, 232, 266, 280, 302, 328, 332, 342, 446
    • Nguyen Duy Trinh, 29, 36, 227, 362, 411, 451
    • Nguyen Hoa Hiep, 320
    • Nguyen Huu Co, Gen., 12, 31
    • Nguyen Huu Hanh, 114, 115, 119, 338, 391
    • Nguyen Huu Tho, 93
    • Nguyen Khanh, 100, 407
    • Nguyen Luu Vien, 100, 304, 338
    • Nguyen Ngoc Loan, Gen., 31, 129, 145, 164, 166, 232, 251, 266, 288
    • Nguyen Thien Nhon, 338
    • Nguyen Van Huong, 422
    • Nguyen Van Kieu, 190, 192, 195, 302, 398
    • Nguyen Van Loc, 222, 320, 332, 338, 342, 391, 415, 432, 436
    • Nguyen Van Thieu, Lt. Gen. (see also Thieu-Ky campaign; Thieu-Ky government; Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict), 42, 100, 158
      • Army of the Republic of Vietnam:
        • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program, 103
        • Local populations, relations with, 103
        • Maximum use of manpower, 255
        • Mobilization for, 210, 419
        • Reorganization of, 21
      • Bo’s attitude toward, 329
      • Buttercup peace initiative:
      • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program:
        • ARVN involvement, 103
        • Infrastructure Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program, 446
        • Takeoff program, 280
        • Thieu’s chain of command, 302
      • Clifford-Taylor mission, 255, 256, 270, 285
      • Communist terrorism and assassinations, 103
      • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
      • Free World forces in Vietnam, 436
      • Guam Conference, 106, 115
      • Johnson’s communications with, 284, 285, 303, 405
      • Johnson’s meetings with, 115, 442, 446
      • Ky’s relationship with, 232, 235, 241, 260, 302, 328, 332
      • McNamara mission to Vietnam, 236
      • Military program in Vietnam:
        • Cambodia, proposed incursions into, 436
        • Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 396, 412, 415, 419, 445, 448
        • Civilian casualties, 44
        • Vietnamese attitude toward U.S. presence, 44
      • Negotiation issue, 109, 451
      • Pennsylvania peace initiative, 365
      • Presidential election in RVN, 197
        • “American candidate” issue, 132
        • Censorship concerns, 192
        • Demonstrations and protests, 264
        • Fairness and honesty concerns, 236, 256
        • Government harassment of opposition candidates, 302
        • Johnson’s letter to Thieu and Ky re, 284
        • Loan’s involvement on Ky’s behalf, 202, 209
        • Loan’s removal, proposal for, 213
        • Major presidential slates, 21
        • Military’s non-participation, 210
        • Minh’s possible candidacy, 132
        • Public relations re, 280
        • Scheduling of, 192
        • Security for candidates, 132
        • 30 “introductions” requirement, 192
        • Validation of results, 338, 342
      • Republic of Vietnam:
        • Buddhist dissidents, 302
        • Civil-military coupling in government, 44
        • Constitution-making, 21, 45, 120
        • Corruption in government, 338
        • Elections for House, 342
        • Land reform, 419
        • Military’s role in government, 92
        • Montagnard policy, 264
        • National Reconciliation program, 92, 264
        • NLF participation in government issue, 44
        • Provincial administration, restructuring of, 419
      • UN talks on Vietnam, NLF participation in, 435
      • U.S. Embassy Chancery dedication, 342
      • U.S. funding for political groups, 288, 398
  • Nguyen Van Tuong, 338
  • Nguyen Van Vy, Gen., 332, 412, 436
  • Nhuyen Dinh Dhuong, 33
  • Nikezic, Marko, 357
  • Nitze, Paul, 154, 187, 194, 262, 268, 270, 294, 395, 424, 447
  • Nixon, Richard M., 134, 409
  • Norstad, Gen. Lauris, 157, 377
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 113
  • Norway, 201, 276, 287, 330
  • Noyes, Crosby, 83
  • O’Brien, Lawrence, 124
  • Oehlert, Benjamin, 411
  • Ohio peace initiative, 201, 276, 287, 330
  • Olds, Col. Robin, 377
  • O’Neill, Thomas P., Jr., 341
  • Operations, military. See under Military program in Vietnam.
  • Order of battle estimates. See under Communist insurgency.
  • Pace, Frank, 83
  • Pacem in Terris conference, 20, 174, 214
  • Pacification program. See Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program.
  • Packers peace initiative, 411
  • Palliser, Michael, 41
  • Park, Chun. He., 270
  • Paul VI, Pope, 4, 27, 42, 140, 442, 445, 447, 448
  • Peace Corps, 157
  • Peace initiatives. See Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam.
  • Pearson, Lester, 140
  • Pederson, Richard, 123
  • Pell, Claiborne, 214, 227
  • Pennsylvania peace initiative:
  • Percy, Charles, 346, 436
  • Pham Binh, 227
  • Pham Thi Yen, 341
  • Pham Truong Chinh, Brig. Gen., 195, 328
  • Pham Van Dong, 3, 5, 14, 216, 329, 362, 364
    • Pennsylvania peace initiative, 263, 277
    • Romanian-DRV discussions (Packers initiative), 411
  • Pham Van Lieu, Col., 302
  • Phan Khac Suu, 21, 45, 116, 126, 129, 182, 185, 237, 256, 264, 303, 320, 332
    • Ky’s assessment of, 134
  • Phan Quang Dan, 21, 256, 304
  • Phan Quang Don, 116
  • Philippine Civic Action Group, 197
  • Philippines, 113
  • Phoenix program. See Infrastructure Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program.
  • Poats, Rutherford, 114
  • Poland, 9
  • Porter, William J., 12, 13, 30, 94, 119, 131, 158
  • Presidential election in RVN (see also Thieu-Ky campaign; Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict):
    • “American candidate” issue, 132
    • Campaigning by candidates, 264
    • Censorship concerns, 192, 195, 198, 256
    • Certification of candidates, 246
    • Civilian candidates, 229, 237
    • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program and, 215
    • Common declaration of intent by candidates, 190
    • Demonstrations and protests, 264
    • Diem’s assessment of, 266
    • DRV, effect on, 92, 146
    • Dzu’s candidacy, 305
    • Fairness and honesty concerns, 186, 236, 237, 256, 265
    • Favorable effects, 299
    • Fraud allegations, 320, 336
    • Government harassment of opposition candidates, 205, 212, 213, 274, 280, 295, 302
    • Guam Conference discussions, 115, 116
    • Intelligence reports on, 136, 271
    • International implications, 285
    • International observers, 190, 243, 256, 283, 287, 294, 303, 305
    • Johnson’s letter to Thieu and Ky re, 284
    • Jorden’s views on U.S. role, 212
    • Ky-Huong cooperation, 186, 195, 197, 198
    • Ky’s defense of electoral process to U.S. critics, 291
    • Ky’s prediction for outcome, 295
    • Laws re, 129, 148, 158, 192
    • Loan’s involvement on Ky’s behalf, 195, 197, 198, 202, 205, 209, 211, 218
    • Loan’s removal, proposal for, 205, 209, 211, 212, 213
    • Major presidential slates, 21, 256
    • McPherson’s assessment of, 197
    • Military-civilian balance among candidates, 125, 126, 129, 171, 182
    • Military president, need for, 12
    • Military’s non-participation, 163, 164, 166, 171, 205, 210, 223
    • Minh’s possible candidacy, 132, 223, 226, 237, 243, 246
    • Minh’s support for Huong, 264
    • NLF reaction, 264
    • Organization by candidates, importance of, 134
    • Press coverage, 256, 274, 287, 305, 320
    • Public relations re, 280
    • Results of, 303
    • Run-off issue, 148, 195
    • Scheduling of, 104, 120, 192, 195
    • Security for candidates, 129, 132
    • Summit of Vietnam allies and, 247
    • Thanh’s possible candidacy, 237, 246, 249
    • 30 “introductions” requirement, 192, 195
    • U.S. covert financial support for Huong, proposed, 281, 282, 289
    • U.S. covert involvement, 242, 281, 282
    • U.S. inadvertent involvement in partisan political trips, 191
    • U.S. involvement issue, 21, 30, 92
    • U.S. objectives re, 99, 205
    • Validation of results, 320, 332, 338, 342
  • President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB), 204
  • Press coverage of Vietnam, 238, 240
    • Army of the Republic of Vietnam, 256
    • Body counts, 409
    • Buddhist dissidents, 342
    • Buttercup peace initiative, 422, 423, 429
    • Combat missions, 386
    • Presidential election in RVN, 256, 274, 287, 305, 320
  • Primrose peace initiative, 14
  • Prisoners of war (see also Prisoner exchanges under Buttercup peace initiative), 201, 281, 406, 450
  • Puritano, Vincent, 135
  • Quintanilla, Luis, 20
  • Rapacki, Adam, 4, 7
  • Read, Benjamin H., 7, 8, 14, 17, 32, 40, 50, 53, 56, 57, 59, 60, 61, 69, 106, 107, 108, 127, 133, 143, 188, 214, 218, 224, 235, 241, 242, 259, 265, 267, 269, 282, 289, 307, 318, 323, 327, 335, 337, 341, 343, 349, 357, 358, 367, 396, 447
  • Ready, Adm., 314
  • Reagan, Ronald, 329, 354
  • Reinhardt, G. Frederick, 27
  • Republic of Vietnam (RVN) (see also Army of the Republic of Vietnam; Buttercup peace initiative; Presidential election in RVN; Thieu-Ky government):
    • Buddhist dissidents, 302, 342
    • Civil-military coupling in government, 44
    • Constitution-making, 12, 21, 45, 92, 115, 116, 120, 129
    • Corruption in government, 104, 185, 197, 258, 338, 342
    • Demonstrations against “false peace,” 93, 106
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
    • Directorate-Assembly conflict, 195
    • Dzu’s arrest, 332
    • Economic situation, 30, 391, 395
    • Elections for House, 342
    • U.S. covert involvement, 335
    • Elections for local offices, 92, 158, 256
    • Electoral laws, 129
    • Foreign exchange issue, 114, 236
    • Government-in-exile, 93
    • Land reform, 115, 116, 419
    • Military’s role in government, 92, 100, 102, 264, 279
    • Montagnard policy, 158, 264
    • National Reconciliation program, 92, 115, 264
    • National unity government, proposed, 205
    • Negotiation issue, 109, 228
    • NLF participation in government issue, 44, 92, 292, 305, 306, 444
    • Political manipulation by U.S., 254
    • Political offensive against NLF, 299
    • Political situation, 30, 171, 197, 391
    • Provincial administration, restructuring of, 419
    • Security problem, 197
    • U.S. support for labor, veterans, students, media, 89, 288
  • Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces (RVNAF). See Army of the Republic of Vietnam.
  • Resnick, 287
  • Reston, James “Scotty,” 346, 355, 377
  • Rhodes, 287
  • Ribicoff, Abraham, 124
  • Rice, Edward, 153, 169
  • Riesle, Victor, 341
  • Ritchie, C. S. A., 4
  • Rivers, L. Mendel, 239, 348, 354
  • Roberts, Chal, 420
  • Roche, John P., 12, 31, 117, 226
  • Rockefeller, Nelson, 348
  • Rolling Thunder. See Bombing of DRV.
  • Romania, 411
  • Romney, George, 84, 287, 409
  • Ronning, Chester, 96
  • Ross, Arthur M., 238
  • Rostow, Eugene V., 7, 85, 88, 108, 165, 175, 193, 259, 267, 272
  • Rostow, Walt W., 1, 4, 8, 9, 12, 24, 30, 32, 34, 37, 40, 44, 50, 60, 64, 84, 87, 91, 100, 106, 108, 116, 118, 137, 144, 146, 149, 156, 158, 163, 171, 172, 174, 175, 178, 185, 186, 192, 202, 205, 209, 213, 215, 216, 218, 219, 220, 222, 223, 225, 226, 229, 230, 237, 238, 241, 253, 254, 256, 264, 265, 269, 270, 283, 298, 299, 306, 308, 309, 318, 320, 327, 331, 332, 334, 342, 351, 354, 355, 358, 359, 360, 364, 365, 366, 373, 379, 381, 386, 391, 393, 395, 401, 415, 426, 427, 428, 444, 447
    • Bombing of DRV:
      • Advisers for Johnson re, 22
      • Cessation of in exchange for halt in Soviet military deliveries to DRV, proposed, 268, 275
      • Effectiveness of, 273, 341, 345
      • Goldberg’s de-escalation proposal, 35
      • Haiphong port, 312
      • Hanoi power station, 173
      • Impediment to peace efforts, 105
      • Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, 22, 162, 167, 203
      • Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, Soviets informed of, 173, 176
      • Mortar attacks, retaliation for, 261
      • NSC discussions, 43
      • Pause in bombing for Tet, 54, 57, 73
      • Pennsylvania peace initiative and, 336
      • Phuc Yen airfield, 312
      • Rostow’s recommendations for changes, 245
      • Scenario to mollify all U.S. officials, 176
      • Target selection, 25, 83, 287
    • Buttercup peace initiative, 378, 383, 389, 406, 413, 429, 432, 437, 438, 449, 452
      • Administration discussions, 341, 409, 420
      • Negotiations, NLF terms for, 369
      • Political aspects, 422
      • Press leaks re, 422
      • Prisoner exchanges, 369, 438
    • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program, 409
    • Clifford-Taylor mission, 255
    • Communist insurgency:
      • Losses during infiltration, 273
      • Mining of Saigon channel, 83
      • 1968 winter-spring campaigning plans, U.S. analyses of, 440
      • Order of battle estimates, 297, 370, 399
      • Strategy of, 368
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
      • Chinese-U.S. discussions, proposed, 152
      • Kennedy peace proposal, 38, 83, 105
      • Marigold peace initiative, 15
      • Pell-Bo contacts, 214
      • Quintanilla and Baggs-Ashmore initiatives, 20
      • Soviet-U.S. initiatives, U.S. strategy for, 193
      • Thant peace proposal, 98, 112
      • UN resolutions, 152
      • UN Security Council initiative, proposed, 311
      • U.S. reassessment of policy following failure of Sunflower, 83
    • Free World forces in Vietnam:
      • Augmentation of, 159, 244
      • Congressional resolution on, 346
      • Summit of troop-contributing nations, proposed, 247, 353
    • Johnson-Thieu meeting in December, 442
    • Military program in Vietnam:
      • Acceleration of activities, 83, 347
      • Body counts, 400
      • Draft Presidential Memorandum, 177
      • Haiphong mining option, 83, 105
      • Intelligence collection activities, 350
      • Progress in, 234
      • Stabilization and bombing stand down proposal, 378, 385, 404, 410
      • “Stalemate” issue, 275
      • Westmoreland’s vision for 1967, 28
      • Wise Men’s views, 377
    • Negotiation issue:
      • DRV conditions for talks, 214
      • DRV reassessment of policy, possible, 252
      • Troop augmentation by U.S. and, 221
      • Wise Men’s views, 377, 393
    • Pennsylvania peace initiative, 326
    • Presidential election in RVN, 250
      • Diem’s assessment of, 266
      • Fraud allegations, 336
      • Jorden’s views on U.S. role, 212
      • Summit of Vietnam allies and, 247
    • Prisoners of war, U.S. efforts on behalf of, 450
    • Republic of Vietnam:
      • Constitution-making, 120
      • Military’s role in government, 102, 279
      • NLF participation in government issue, 305
    • Sunflower peace initiative:
      • Arrangements for talks, 16
      • Collapse of, 80, 82
      • DRV response to U.S. proposal, 29
      • Johnson’s correspondence with Ho Chi Minh, 82
      • Johnson’s discussions with Congressional leaders re, 19
      • Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks, 39, 41, 51, 55, 57, 72, 73, 76, 80
      • U.S. contingency planning, 54
      • U.S. position for settlement, 16
      • U.S. proposal for secret talks, 5, 10
    • Thieu-Ky government, civilian participation in, 304
    • Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict, 21, 138, 143
    • Troop augmentation by U.S., 159, 221
    • U.S. information programs, 300, 346, 348
    • U.S. Mission in Vietnam:
      • Lodge’s successor, selection of, 83, 97
      • Personnel for Bunker’s team, 119
    • U.S. policy on Vietnam, 13, 88
      • “Blueprint for Vietnam” study, 296
      • Congressional support, wavering of, 262
      • Ending war in 1967, McNamara’s focus on, 105
      • Leverage on newly-elected RVN government, program for exercise of, 366
      • Political party development, funding for, 424
      • Postwar development planning, 430
    • Wise Men meetings, 376, 377, 382
  • Roy, J. Stapleton, 140
  • Rusk, Dean, 1, 3, 5, 19, 20, 24, 30, 34, 36, 37, 38, 41, 46, 47, 82, 84, 87, 96, 102, 133, 146, 149, 152, 156, 162, 173, 174, 186, 193, 206, 216, 237, 238, 252, 253, 268, 278, 279, 285, 354, 400, 417
    • Bombing of DRV:
      • Administration briefings for Congressional leadership, 364
      • Cessation of in exchange for halt in Soviet military deliveries to DRV, proposed, 268
      • Chinese border buffer zone, 279, 283
      • Effectiveness of, 341, 439
      • Expanded strikes of April, 139
      • Hanoi no-bomb zone, 4, 17
      • Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, Soviets informed of, 175, 179
      • Logistical base, 372
      • NSC discussions, 43
      • Pause in bombing for Tet, 58, 59, 61
      • Pennsylvania peace initiative and, 323, 327
      • Phuc Yen airfield, 294, 355, 363
      • Port facilities, 323
      • Scenario to mollify all U.S. officials, 176
      • Target selection, 25, 247, 287, 305, 317
    • Buttercup peace initiative, 383, 389, 406, 413, 429, 432, 437, 438, 449, 452
      • Administration discussions, 341, 409, 420
      • Political aspects, 423
      • Press leaks re, 423
      • Prisoner exchanges, 386, 405
      • Thieu informed of, 371
    • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program:
      • COMUSMACV charged with responsibility for, 167
      • Personnel requirements, 409
    • Clifford-Taylor mission, 269, 270
    • Communist insurgency’s Cambodian sanctuaries, 409
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
      • Bebler’s initiative, 434
      • Canadian peace proposal, 133
      • Chinese-U.S. discussions, proposed, 152
      • DRV-RVN contacts, 361, 367, 402
      • Eastern European initiatives, 357
      • ICC initiative, 4
      • Kennedy peace proposal, 96, 101, 105
      • Marigold peace initiative, 4, 15, 317
      • Phase A-Phase B formula, 9
      • Polish-U.S. discussions, 9
      • Publicity re secret initiatives, 420
      • Shah of Iran’s initiative, 341
      • Soviet-U.S. discussions, 4, 7, 117
      • Thant peace proposal, 101, 107, 108, 111, 112
      • UN Security Council initiative, proposed, 311, 317, 319, 373, 377, 392, 421, 427, 428
      • U.S. proposals to DRV for talks, 127
    • Free World forces in Vietnam, 409
      • Augmentation of, 317
      • Summit of troop-contributing nations, proposed, 353
    • Guam Conference, 106, 109, 115, 116
    • Humphrey’s Vietnam visit, 390
    • JASON report on bombing of DRV, 439
    • Johnson re-election bid issue, 341
    • McNamara’s criticism of Rusk’s position on Vietnam, 228
    • Military program in Vietnam:
      • Air support for ground troops, 305, 409
      • Cambodia, proposed incursions into, 403, 428
      • Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 396, 409, 447
      • Laos, military overflights of, 420
      • Laos, proposed incursions into, 317, 403, 428
      • Stabilization and bombing stand down proposal, 403
    • National Liberation Front surrender issue, 330
    • Negotiation issue:
      • DRV conditions for talks, 451
      • DRV reassessment of policy, possible, 227, 248
      • Guam Conference discussions, 109
      • NLF-RVN negotiations, necessity of, 228
      • RVN position, 109
      • U.S. public relations re, 111
      • Wise Men’s views, 380
    • Pennsylvania peace initiative:
    • Presidential election in RVN:
      • Fairness and honesty concerns, 265
      • Guam Conference discussions, 116
      • International observers issue, 287
      • Loan’s removal, proposal for, 209
      • Military-civilian balance among candidates, 125, 126
      • Military’s non-participation, 164
      • Press coverage, 287, 305
      • U.S. covert financial support for Huong, proposed, 282, 289
      • U.S. objectives re, 99
    • Republic of Vietnam:
      • Elections for House, U.S. covert involvement in, 335
      • NLF participation in government issue, 292, 305, 306
    • San Antonio formula for peace, 434
    • Sunflower peace initiative:
      • Ashmore’s publicizing of, 333
      • Bombing de-escalation to encourage talks, 32
      • Johnson’s correspondence with Ho Chi Minh, 40
      • Kennedy’s criticism of U.S. handling of, 122
      • Public broadcast of information by DRV, 32
      • Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks, 40, 48, 50, 57, 58, 59, 60, 68, 69
      • U.S. proposal for secret talks, 8, 10, 17, 18
    • Thieu-Ky campaign:
      • U.S. covert financial support, proposed, 282, 289
      • U.S. covert role of guidance and advice, 235, 241, 289
      • U.S. covert support for front group favoring Thieu and Ky, 242
    • Thieu-Ky government, inauguration of, 371
    • Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict, 99
      • Resolution of conflict, U.S. demands for, 143, 178, 183, 222
      • Unity of armed forces and, 164
      • U.S. intervention issue, 183
    • U.S. anti-war movement, 363
    • U.S. information programs, 341, 346, 348
    • U.S. Mission in Vietnam:
      • Lodge’s resignation as Ambassador, 86
      • Lodge’s successor, selection of, 97
    • U.S. policy on Vietnam:
      • “Blueprint for Vietnam” study, 296
      • Congressional hearings, 355, 431
      • Credibility problems of U.S. officials, 352
      • Fourteen Points statement, 65
      • International conferences, U.S. defense of policy at, 142
      • Leverage on newly elected RVN government, program for exercise of, 301
      • “Prognosis for Vietnam” report, 374
    • Wise Men meetings, 376, 377, 380
  • Russell, Richard B., 19, 23, 26, 96, 197, 239, 262, 336, 354, 390
  • Sainteny, Jean, 7, 38
  • Salisbury, Harrison, 3, 7
  • San Antonio formula for peace, 340, 348, 434
  • Sato, Eisaku, 356, 402, 419
  • Sau Ha, 341, 389, 394, 405, 406, 413, 422, 429, 432, 437, 438, 449, 452
  • Saunders, Harold, 124, 193, 364
  • Scali, John, 357
  • Schlesinger, Arthur M., 124
  • Schoenbrun, David, 334, 362
  • Scott, Hugh, 287
  • Senior Interdepartmental Group, 30
  • Shah of Iran, 341, 411
  • Shaplen, Robert, 197
  • Sharp, Adm. Ulysses S. Grant, 2, 30, 78, 110, 115
    • Anti-infiltration initiatives, 121, 331
    • Bombing of DRV, 116, 194, 294
    • Communist insurgency order of battle estimates, 314
    • Guam Conference, 116
    • Troop augmentation by U.S., 160
  • Shenstone, Michael, 14
  • Shimoda, 259
  • Sidle, Brig. Gen. Winant, 325
  • Sieverts, Frank A., 414
  • Sihanouk, Princ. Norodo., 154, 292, 409
  • Singapore, 355
  • Sisco, Joseph, 7, 108, 156, 193, 267, 311, 392, 421
  • Smith, Abbot, 271
  • Smith, Bromley, 43, 84, 88, 144, 146, 269, 280, 305, 319, 390
  • Smith, Margare. Chas., 287, 364, 390
  • Smith, R. J., 298
  • Smyser, Richard, 3, 362
  • Snejdarek, Antonin, 227
  • Soldatov, Alexandr, 57
  • Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 142
  • Souvanna Phouma, 317, 420
  • Soviet Union (see also Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks under Sunflower peace initiative), 228, 248
    • Bombing of DRV, 162
      • Cessation of in exchange for halt in Soviet military deliveries to DRV, proposed, 268, 275
      • Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, Soviets informed of, 173, 174, 175, 176, 179
      • SoVIET Ships damaged by, 188
    • Continuance of Vietnamese war, preference for, 165
    • Democratic Republic of Vietnam, relations with, 128, 133, 177, 425
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
      • Canadian peace proposal, 140
      • Soviet-U.K. discussions, 173
      • Soviet-U.S. discussions, 4, 7, 85, 117, 133, 206, 207, 216, 217, 341
      • Soviet-U.S. initiatives, U.S. strategy for, 193
      • Soviet-U.S. joint guarantee of settlement, 165
      • UN resolutions, 152
      • UN Security Council initiative, proposed, 319, 435
    • Glassboro Summit, 206, 207, 216, 217
    • Negotiation issue, 85, 154, 364
  • Spaatz, Gen. Carl, 157
  • Sparkman, John, 364
  • Special National Intelligence Estimates:
    • SNIE 11–11–67, 133
    • SNIE 14.3–67, 397, 399
  • Stabilization and bombing stand down proposal. See under Military program in Vietnam.
  • Starbird, Gen. Alfred, 121, 154
  • Stennis, John, 262, 287
  • Stevens, Bill, 386
  • Stewart, Michael, 85
  • Stimson, Henry, 94, 97
  • Sukarno, 113
  • Sukhodrev, Victor, 216
  • Sullivan, Leonard, 121
  • Sullivan, William H., 94, 97, 154, 227, 362, 408
  • Sunflower peace initiative (see also Pause in bombing for Tet under Bombing of DRV):
    • Arrangements for talks, 16, 36
    • Ashmore’s publicizing of, 333
    • Bombing de-escalation to encourage talks, 32, 33
    • Collapse of, 77, 79, 80, 81, 82
    • DRV indication of interest in secret talks, 3, 10
    • DRV response to U.S. proposal, 29
    • Johnson’s correspondence with Ho Chi Minh, 40, 82
    • Johnson’s discussions with Congressional leaders re, 19
    • Johnson’s recapitulation of, 96
    • Kennedy’s criticism of U.S. handling of, 122, 124
    • Kosygin’s analysis of, 85
    • Ky’s notification of, 52, 75
    • Publication of Johnson-Ho correspondence, 117
    • Public broadcast of information by DRV, 32, 33, 36
    • Revival of talks, efforts toward, 137
    • Secrecy concerns, 36
    • Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks, 39, 40, 41, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 53, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 79, 80, 137
      • Johnson’s assessment of, 207
      • Soviet rationale for involvement, 55
      • U.K. rationale for involvement, 62
    • Suspension of U.S.-DRV contacts, 117
    • U.S. contingency planning, 54
    • U.S. position for settlement, 16
    • U.S. proposal for secret talks, 5, 7, 8, 10, 17, 18
  • Suu. See Phan Khac Suu.
  • Symington, W. Stuart, 287, 354
  • Taft, Robert, 92
  • Takeoff program, 199, 215, 280
  • Tan Buu Kiem, 341
  • Tan Duc, 452
  • Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D. (see also Clifford-Taylor mission), 76, 83, 88, 95, 96, 115, 116, 204, 279
    • Bombing of DRV, 393
      • Chinese border buffer zone, 270
      • Clifford-Taylor proposal for escalation, 269, 270
      • Effectiveness of, 30, 172
      • Implacable infliction of pain concept, 172
      • Target selection, 84
      • Wise Men’s views, 377
    • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program, 1, 30
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam, 30, 112
    • Free World forces in Vietnam, augmentation of, 269, 270
    • Huong, assessment of, 100
    • Lodge’s successor, selection of, 37
    • Military program in Vietnam, 393
      • Haiphong mining option, 84
      • Progress in, 30
      • Stabilization and bombing stand down proposal, 381
      • “Stick-it-out” scenario, 381
    • Negotiation issue:
      • Forms of negotiation, U.S. internal debate re, 87
      • U.S. public relations re, 1
      • Wise Men’s views, 377
    • Pennsylvania peace initiative, 357
    • Republic of Vietnam:
      • Economic situation, 30
      • Military’s role in government, 100
      • NLF participation in government issue, 444
      • Political situation, 30
    • Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict, 30
    • Troop augmentation by U.S., 141
    • U.S. information programs, 300, 377
    • Vietnam trip, report on, 30
    • Wise Men meetings, 377, 382
  • Tenant Farmers Union, 377
  • Thailand, 269, 270, 317, 341
  • Thang. See Nguyen Duc Thang, Gen.
  • Thanh. See Au Truong Thanh; Nguyen Chi Thanh.
  • Thant, U, 5, 243
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam:
    • DRV attitude toward, 201
    • Presidential election in RVN, international observers for, 256
  • Thieu. See Nguyen Van Thieu, Lt. Gen.
  • Thieu-Ky campaign:
    • Certification of, 246, 251
    • Front group favoring Thieu and Ky, U.S. covert support for, 242
    • Funding problems, 284
    • Opposition to, 237
    • Platform of, 237, 266
    • Senate lists, affiliation with, 264
    • U.S. covert financial support, proposed, 282, 289
    • U.S. covert role of guidance and advice, 235, 241, 289
    • Victory in September election, 303
  • Thieu-Ky government:
  • Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict, 99
  • Thompson, Llewellyn E., Jr., 57, 165, 173, 193, 206, 306, 336
  • Thompson, Si. Rober., 169
  • 303 Committee, 89, 281, 288, 417, 424
  • Throckmorton, Gen., 287
  • Thurmond, Strom, 23, 287
  • Tibbetts, Margare. Jo., 201
  • Tito, Jose. Bro., 411, 425
  • Tobias, Brig. Gen. Gaudencio V., 197
  • Tong. See Truong Dinh Tong.
  • Tran Bach Dang, 341, 369, 394, 432, 452
  • Tran Hoi Nam, 14
  • Tran Ngoc Lieng, 237
  • Tran Quoc Buu, 237, 242
  • Tran Van Do, 44, 109, 115, 143, 144, 163, 178, 219, 236, 243, 255, 338, 435, 436
  • Tran Van Don, Gen., 21, 132, 242
  • Tran Van Huong, 21, 44, 92, 100, 102, 116, 126, 129, 163, 166, 182, 185, 192, 237, 243, 256, 264, 280, 303, 320, 342
  • Tran Van Ly, 320
  • Trend, Burke, 41, 51, 58, 63, 66
  • Tri. See Nguyen Bao Tri, Gen.
  • Trieu Van Tuc, 320
  • Trinh. See Nguyen Duy Trinh.
  • Trinh Quoc Khanh, 222
  • Troop augmentation by U.S.:
    • McGeorge Bundy’s position, 157, 354
    • William Bundy’s position, 154
    • Ceiling on deployments, agreement re, 233
    • Deployments of troops, 287, 409
    • Enthoven’s position, 155
    • JCS position, 141, 177, 186
    • Johnson’s decision re, 238, 240
    • Komer’s position, 147, 189
    • McNamara’s recommendation for smaller increase, 161, 186, 238
    • Negotiation issue and, 221
    • Publicity re, 240, 244, 248
    • Vietnamese manpower utilization and, 159, 160, 210
    • Westmoreland-Sharp request, 110, 149, 177
  • Trueheart, William, 224, 350, 417, 424
  • Truong Dinh Dzu, 295, 303, 305, 320, 329, 332, 369
  • Truong Dinh Tong, 341, 369, 394, 438, 452
  • Truong Thai Ton, 332
  • Truong Van Thuan, 338
  • Tu. See Hoang Man’Tu.
  • Tunney, John V., 400
  • Twining, Gen. Nathan, 157
  • Unger, Leonard S., 5, 7, 9, 21, 99, 108, 109, 121, 125, 133, 144, 148, 164, 183, 288
  • United Kingdom (see also Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks under Sunflower peace initiative):
    • Bombing of DRV and, 154
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam, 173, 427
  • United Nations (see also UN Security Council initiative, proposed under Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam):
    • General Assembly discussion of Vietnam, 331
    • NLF participation in talks on Vietnam, 435
    • Presidential election in RVN, international observers for, 256
    • Resolutions on Vietnam, 151, 152, 156
  • U.S. domestic situation, 177, 386
    • Anti-war movement, 161, 341, 363
    • McGeorge Bundy’s assessment of, 157
    • Wise Men’s assessment of, 376, 377
  • U.S. information programs, 240, 300, 336, 341, 346, 348, 352, 354, 377, 386, 393
  • U.S. Mission in Vietnam:
    • Bunker’s appointment as Ambassador, 97
    • Congressional visits, 436
    • Embassy Chancery dedication, 342
    • Lodge’s resignation as Ambassador, 86
    • Lodge’s successor, selection of, 13, 23, 37, 83, 94, 97
    • Personnel for Bunker’s team, 119, 150, 354
  • U.S. policy on Vietnam (see also Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program; Military program in Vietnam), 13, 88
    • Achievements of, 86
    • Arrogance issue, 197
    • “Blueprint for Vietnam” study, 296, 317
    • McGeorge Bundy’s assessment of, 157
    • William Bundy’s assessment of, 154
    • Bunker’s mid-year assessment, 220
    • Bunker-Westmoreland public relations tour, 352
    • Ceiling to level of U.S. participation in Vietnam, public statement on, 157
    • Congressional debates and hearings, 336, 341, 355, 431
    • Congressional resolution on, 94
    • Congressional support, wavering of, 262, 344
    • Credibility problems of U.S. officials, 352
    • Efficient management of programs, need for, 91
    • Ending war in 1967, McNamara’s focus on, 105
    • Fourteen Points statement, 65
    • Funding for, 11, 26, 94
    • International conferences, U.S. defense of policy at, 142
    • Komer’s recommendations, 24
    • Leverage on newly elected RVN government, program for exercise of, 301, 366
    • McPherson’s report on Vietnam visit, 197
    • Objective of policy, proposed change in, 401
    • Optimism about, 91
    • Peace Corps involvement, 157
    • Planning for 1968, 395
    • Political party development, funding for, 254, 281, 398, 417, 424
    • Postwar development planning, 92, 115, 220, 430
    • “Prognosis for Vietnam” report, 374
    • Radio and leafletting operations in DRV, 350
    • RVN’s increased responsibility for all aspects of policy, 147, 401
    • Unfavorable outcome, implications of, 309, 316
    • Wise Men’s consideration of, 376, 377
    • Withdrawal option, 377, 393
  • Vance, Cyrus R., 22, 47, 76, 91, 131, 147, 149, 162, 169, 175, 177, 193, 194, 287, 428
  • Vanden Heuvel, William J., 38, 83
  • Vandenberg, Arthur, 377
  • Vien. See Cao Van Vien, Gen.; Linh Quang Vien, Lt. Gen.; Nguyen Luu Vien.
  • Viet Cong. See National Liberation Front.
  • Vietnam. See Democratic Republic of Vietnam; Republic of Vietnam.
  • Vietnamese Confederation of Trade Unions, 89, 288
  • Vinh Loc, Gen., 12, 163, 192, 226, 264
  • Vogel, Kenneth, 135
  • Vo Nguyen Giap, Gen., 2, 347
  • Vo Van Sung, 263
  • Vu Hong Khanh, 320
  • Vu Quoc Thuc, 115
  • Vy. See Nguyen Van Vy, Gen.
  • Walinsky, Adam, 124
  • Waller, Joh. Keit., 341
  • Wallner, Woodruff, 290, 407
  • Walsh, John, 8, 9, 25, 39, 125
  • Walsh, P., 298
  • Wang Ching-wei, 153
  • Warner, Denis, 213
  • Warnke, Paul, 193, 267, 296, 331, 395
  • Washington, Walter, 341
  • Watson, Marvin, 19, 317, 371
  • Wattenberg, Ben, 287
  • Wehrle, LeRoy, 119, 150
  • Westmoreland, Gen. William C., 30, 158, 209, 210, 223, 226, 230, 232, 255, 302, 400, 442
    • Ambassador to RVN, consideration for, 13, 23, 37, 94, 97
    • Army of the Republic of Vietnam:
      • Abrams’ assignment to, 171
      • Leadership changes, 328
      • Maximum use of manpower, 347
      • Mission reorientation, 200
      • Mobilization for, 210
      • Reorganization of, 131
    • Bombing of DRV:
      • Civilian casualties, 409
      • Limitation to areas below 20th parallel, 169
    • Buttercup peace initiative, 409
    • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program:
      • COMUSMACV charge with responsibility for, 167
      • Infrastructure Intelligence Coordination and Exploitation Program, 199
      • Komer’s relationship with Westmoreland, 119
      • RVN’s lead officer, 342
      • Takeoff program, 280
    • Communist insurgency:
      • Cambodian sanctuaries, 409
      • Guam Conference discussions, 116
      • 1968 winter-spring campaigning plans, U.S. analyses of, 443
      • Order of battle estimates, 208, 297, 314, 325, 370
      • Status at beginning of 1967, 2
      • Strategy of, 2
    • Free World forces in Vietnam, 409
    • Guam Conference, 115, 116
    • Komer’s assessment of, 347
    • McNamara mission to Vietnam, 233
    • Military program in Vietnam:
      • Air support for ground troops, 409
      • Anti-infiltration initiatives, 116, 121, 313, 331
      • Body counts, 409
      • Cambodia, proposed incursions into, 149, 404, 428, 436
      • Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 436, 448
      • DMZ redeployment, 341, 344
      • Equipment situation, 409
      • Guam Conference discussions, 116
      • Laos, proposed incursions into, 149, 404, 409
      • McNamara’s criticism of Westmoreland’s management, 239
      • 120 Day Program proposal, 426
      • Operation York II, 418
      • Progress in, 116, 177, 192, 208
      • Stabilization and bombing stand down proposal, 404
      • “Stalemate” issue, 275
      • Westmoreland’s concept of, 416
      • Westmoreland’s replacement with Abrams, consideration of, 347
      • Westmoreland’s vision for 1967, 28
    • Thieu-Ky presidential candidacy conflict, 163, 166
    • Thieu-Ky relationship, 328
    • Troop augmentation by U.S.:
      • Deployments of troops, 409
      • Johnson’s decision re, 240
      • Publicity re, 240, 248
      • Vietnamese manpower utilization and, 159, 160, 210
      • Westmoreland-Sharp request, 110, 149, 177
    • U.S. information programs, 240
    • U.S. policy on Vietnam, 352
  • Weyand, Gen. Fred, 197
  • Wheeler, Gen. Earle G., 2, 87, 88, 90, 96, 115, 116, 174, 193, 261, 268, 395
    • Army of the Republic of Vietnam, 236
    • Bombing of DRV:
      • McGeorge Bundy’s assessment of, 157
      • Civilian casualties, 84
      • Congressional investigations re, 287
      • Effectiveness of, 26
      • Logistical base, 175
      • NSC discussions, 43
      • Pause in bombing for Tet, 47, 62, 76
      • Phuc Yen airfield, 287, 294, 355, 363
      • Scenario to mollify U.S. officials, 176
      • Target selection, 84, 287
      • U.S. aircraft losses, 409
    • Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development program:
      • Anti-corruption program, 395
      • Personnel requirements, 409
    • Communist insurgency:
      • 1968 winter-spring campaigning plans, U.S. analyses of, 443
      • Order of battle estimates, 297
    • Diplomatic efforts toward settlement in Vietnam, 184
    • Free World forces in Vietnam, augmentation of, 239, 240, 244
    • Health problems, 305, 317, 336
    • Lodge’s successor, selection of, 97
    • McNamara mission to Vietnam, 233, 236, 238
    • Military program in Vietnam:
      • Acceleration of activities, 400
      • Anti-infiltration initiatives, 121, 313
      • Body counts, 409
      • Cambodia, proposed incursions into, 428
      • Ceasefires for 1967–68 holidays, 409
      • Dak To fighting, 400
      • Defeat-related concerns, 309
      • Laos, military overflights of, 420
      • Laos, proposed incursions into, 409
      • 120 Day Program proposal, 418
      • Operation Shenandoah, 355
      • Operation York II, 418
      • Press coverage of combat missions, 386
      • Progress in, 238
      • Reserves call-up issue, 186, 363
      • “Stalemate” issue, 275, 287
      • “Stick-it-out” scenario, 381
    • Pennsylvania peace initiative, 353
    • Presidential election in RVN, 287
    • Press coverage of Vietnam, 240
    • Soviet-U.K. effort to facilitate U.S.-DRV talks (Sunflower), 62, 76
    • Troop augmentation by U.S.:
      • Deployments of troops, 287
      • Johnson’s decision re, 240
      • Vietnamese manpower utilization and, 160
      • Westmoreland’s defense of his request, 149
    • U.S. anti-war movement, 363
    • U.S. information programs, 240
    • U.S. policy on Vietnam, Wise Men’s consideration of, 376
  • Wicker, Tom, 305
  • Wiggins, J. R., 333
  • Wilford, Michael, 427
  • Wilson, Harold, 34
  • Wilson, Henr. Hal., 83
  • Wise Men:
    • Analyses of meetings, 380, 382, 393
    • November 1 meeting, 376
    • November 2 meeting, 377
  • Wisner, Frank, 284
  • Wolf, Lester, 346
  • Y Bham Enuol, 158, 264
  • Zhukov, Yuri, 128
  • Zinchuk, Alexander, 7, 85
  • Zorthian, Barry, 92, 119, 274, 287, 346, 400, 409