Issues of Representation in International Organizations
53. Telegram 822 From the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, March 10, 1973, 0045Z.
Bennett discouraged U.N. officials from any action that might imply recognition of the South Vietnamese Provisional Revolutionary Government.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Secret; Exdis.
54. Telegram 65086 From the Department of State to All Diplomatic Posts, April 7, 1973, 1711Z.
The Department outlined the reasons for U.S. opposition to the application of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to join the World Health Assembly.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential, Priority. Drafted by Schaller on April 6; cleared by Ranard, McNutt, Stull, Noziglia, Monsma, and Chase, and in AF/RA and EA; and approved by De Palma.
55. Telegram 76900 From the Department of State to the Mission in Geneva, April 24, 1973, 1834Z.
The Department instructed the Mission to discourage any attempt by the Provisional Revolutionary Government to gain international stature by securing membership status in the World Health Organization or some other U.N. specialized agency.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Secret. Drafted by Rosenberg on April 23; cleared by Stull and McNutt, and in IO/HDC (in draft) and EA/VN; and approved by Sullivan. Repeated to Saigon, USUN, and the Delegate to the JEC in Paris.
56. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Kissinger) to President Nixon, Washington, August 21, 1973.
Nixon approved the strategies Kissinger recommended to address questions related to Korea at the 28th United Nations General Assembly.
Source: National Archives, Nixon Presidential Materials, NSC Files, Agency Files, Box 304, USUN (1973 thru Sept) Vol. XI [part 4]. Secret; Sensitive. Sent for action. Nixon approved the recommendation. Scowcroft signed the memorandum to Rogers for Kissinger. Tab II, a July 31 memorandum from Rogers to Nixon concerning Rogers’s talks in Seoul regarding U.N. strategy, is attached but not published.
57. Bureau of Intelligence and Research Intelligence Note RSGN–17, Washington, September 17, 1973.
Bureau of Intelligence and Research analysts assessed whether the Phnom Penh regime could retain its seat representing Cambodia at the 28th United Nations General Assembly.
Source: Department of State, INR/EAP/SEA Files: Lot 00D239, RSGN–17 (IN). Secret; No Foreign Dissemination; Controlled Dissemination; No Dissemination Abroad; Background Use Only. Drafted by Donovan, approved by Meyers, and released by Frank Perez (Director, Office of Strategic and General Research).
58. Telegram 29 From the Delegation to the International Telecommunications Union Conference to the Department of State, September 27, 1973, 0945Z.
The delegation indicated that the International Telecommunications Union voted to exclude the Portuguese and South African representatives from all meetings.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Limited Official Use. The telegram was sent from Torremolinos-Malaga, Spain. Repeated to USUN and the Mission to the U.N. in Geneva. Ambassador Jacob D. Beam served as Chief U.S. Delegate.
59. Telegram 4248 From the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, October 27, 1973, 0455Z.
The U.S. delegation to the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea reported that by acceding to an invitation to the Democratic Republic of Vietnam to participate, they succeeded in defeating initiatives to include the Provisional Revolutionary Government.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential. Repeated to Bangkok, Tokyo, and Saigon.
60. Telegram 230211 From the Department of State to All Diplomatic Posts, November 22, 1973, 0022Z.
The Department reported success in managing issues related to Korean representation and defense at the 28th United Nations General Assembly.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential. Drafted by Schaller and Herz; cleared by McNutt, Walker, Monsma, Stearns, Schiff, Ranard, and Stull; and approved by Herz. Repeated to the Mission to the OECD in Paris.
61. Telegram 238679 From the Department of State to Certain Diplomatic Posts, December 6, 1973, 0109Z.
The Department expressed appreciation for the role posts and foreign governments played in the successful postponement of the Cambodian representation question until the 29th United Nations General Assembly.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential. Drafted by Kimball, Krebs, and Stull; cleared in draft by McNutt and Antippas; and approved by Herz. Repeated to USUN.
62. Telegram 62535 From the Department of State to All Diplomatic Posts, March 28, 1974, 2123Z.
Sisco informed posts of the United States Government’s continued interest in defeating attempts by the Provisional Revolutionary Government and opposition forces in Cambodia to supplant the Republic of Vietnam and the Khmer Republic in international organizations.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential. Drafted by Schaller and Rosenberg; cleared by Rothenberg, Buffum, Wenzel, Rives (in draft), Stearns, Ingersoll, and Chase, and in EA/RA (in draft); and approved by Sisco. Repeated to USUN and the Mission to the U.N. in Geneva.
63. Telegram 161371/Tosec 69 From the Department of State to Secretary of State Kissinger in San Clemente, California, July 27, 1974, 0430Z.
Ingersoll forwarded to Kissinger information sent to key European posts concerning possible attempts to deny the Republic of South Africa representation at the 29th United Nations General Assembly.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential. Drafted and approved by Eltz. The electronic archival copy indicates it was sent to Eagleburger for Kissinger. Telegram 1613171 was sent to Bonn, London, Paris, Pretoria, and USUN, and repeated to the Representative to the IAEA in Vienna on July 25.
64. Telegram 171606 From the Department of State to the Embassy in South Vietnam, August 6, 1974, 2300Z.
The Department identified the most likely avenues the Provisional Revolutionary Government and the Democratic Republic of Vietnam would use to enhance their international status at the expense of the Republic of Vietnam.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential; Priority. Drafted by Finney; cleared in draft by Bettauer, Goott, Schaller, Rives, Wenzel, and Schiff, and in EUR/NE, NEA/INS, ARA/LA/USOAS, USIA, AF/RA, EA/ANP, and EA/IMS; and approved by Hummel. Repeated to all diplomatic posts and USUN.
65. National Intelligence Estimate 57–2–74, Washington, August 23, 1974.
The United States intelligence community estimated the likelihood of the continued existence of the Government of the Khmer Republic if it suffered the loss of its seat at the United Nations.
Source: Department of State, INR/EAP Files: Lot 90 D 165, NIE 52–7–74. Secret; No Foreign Dissemination; Controlled Dissemination. Only the précis of this six-page estimate is published.
66. Telegram 192437 From the Department of State to Certain Diplomatic Posts, September 5, 1974, 1400Z.
Kissinger directed posts to intervene with host governments to defeat any attempts to unseat the Government of the Khmer Republic during the 29th United Nations General Assembly.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Secret; Immediate. Drafted by Antippas and approved by Rives. For the intelligence community’s assessment, see Document 65.
67. Letter From Acting Secretary of State Ingersoll to the President of the American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (Meany), Washington, October 12, 1974.
Ingersoll supported Meany’s opposition to the International Labor Organization admitting the Palestine Liberation Organization as a member.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P750005–1957. No classification marking. Meany’s September 9 letter to Kissinger is ibid., P740101–1165.
68. Telegram 230020 From the Department of State to the Embassies in Australia, Indonesia, Peru, Costa Rica, and Austria, October 18, 1974, 2127Z.
Kissinger requested governments occupying seats on the United Nations Security Council to support U.S. efforts to prevent the ouster of the Republic of South Africa from the United Nations.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential; Priority; Exdis. Drafted by Baker; cleared by Shlaudeman, Habib, and Luers, and in AF and EUR; and approved by Buffum. Repeated to London, Paris, and USUN. On October 31 the United States, Great Britain, and France vetoed a Security Council resolution to expel South Africa from the United Nations. On November 12 the United Nations General Assembly voted to suspend the participation of the Republic of South Africa for the current session. The South African delegation was not allowed to take seats, speak, make proposals, or vote for the remainder of the 29th General Assembly.
69. Telegram 4677 From the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, November 2, 1974, 0127Z.
The Mission reported reactions to the October 31 veto by the United States, Great Britain, and France of the resolution to expel the Republic of South Africa from the United Nations.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential. Repeated to London, Paris, Pretoria, Dar es Salaam for Easum, Addis Ababa, and Capetown for the Embassy. Scali’s October 30 statement is published in Department of State Bulletin, December 2, 1974, pp. 775–778.
70. Telegram 16007 From the Embassy in the Khmer Republic to the Department of State, December 3, 1974, 1055Z.
The Embassy recounted the Khmer Republic’s success in retaining its seat at the United Nations.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential; Priority. Repeated to multiple posts.
71. Telegram 6021 From the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, December 18, 1974, 0118Z.
The Mission reported on the successful outcome of votes at the United Nations on items concerning Korea favored by the United States.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Unclassified; Immediate. Repeated Immediate to Seoul, and repeated to London, Paris, Moscow, Tokyo, Vienna, Freetown, Beijing, and Hong Kong.
72. Telegram 12448 From the Department of State to All Diplomatic Posts, January 18, 1975, 0044Z.
The Department notified posts of the opening in Geneva of a United Nations Liaison Office for humanitarian affairs by the Provisional Revolutionary Government and warned posts to be vigilant for attempts by the Provisional Revolutionary Government to enhance its international status.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential; Priority. Drafted by Finney; cleared by McNutt, Wenzel, Schaller, and in EUR/CE; and approved by Miller.
73. Bureau of Intelligence and Research Intelligence Note IN–111, Washington, June 3, 1975.
The Bureau of Intelligence and Research discussed the prospects for suspension of Israel from the 30th United Nations General Assembly.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential; No Foreign Dissemination. Prepared by Donovan.
74. Report Number 11 Prepared in the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Washington, July 3, 1975.
The Bureau of Intelligence and Research analyzed the possibility that both the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and the Provisional Revolutionary Government would apply for U.N. membership, and whether an arrangement could be made by which the Republic of Korea could attain U.N. membership at the same time.
Source: Department of State, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P830115–0797. Secret; Exdis; No Foreign Dissemination; Controlled Dissemination. Drafted by Donovan. An attached page, not published, indicates that INR suggested this document should be distributed to Kissinger, Springsteen, Sisco, Lord, Moynihan, Buffum, Habib, Wenzel, Hartman, Hyland, and Froebe.
75. Telegram 157497 From the Department of State to All Diplomatic Posts, July 3, 1975, 1655Z.
The Delegation to the International Labor Organization summarized the results of the 60th Session, emphasizing the politicization of the proceedings, including the Organization’s decision to grant observer status to the Palestine Liberation Organization.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential. Drafted and approved by Heater. This telegram repeated telegram 4994 from Geneva, June 30.
76. Telegram 5300 From the Mission in Geneva to the Department of State, July 8, 1975, 1734Z.
The Mission reported a conversation between Moynihan and Blanchard concerning the possibility of U.S. withdrawal from the International Labor Organization.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Limited Official Use; Priority. Repeated to USUN and Tel Aviv.
77. Telegram 3412 From the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, July 23, 1975, 1746Z.
In a telegram sent to Kissinger, Moynihan advocated acquiescing in the admission of both Vietnam governments for membership in the United Nations.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, D750254–0652. Confidential; Flash. Sent to Kissinger from Moynihan. Ford’s April 23 Tulane speech is published in Department of State Bulletin, May 12, 1975, pp. 593–595. Kissinger’s July 14 Milwaukee speech, subsequent press conference, and related documents are ibid., August 4, 1975, pp. 149–184.
78. Telegram 177759 From the Department of State to the Mission to the United Nations and Secretary of State Kissinger, July 29, 1975, 0033Z.
Ingersoll forwarded Kissinger’s rationale for opposing the entry of the North and South Vietnamese governments into the United Nations.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Secret; Immediate. Drafted by Baker and Montgomery; cleared by Stowe and in EUR/SOV, EA, and L/UNA; and approved by Buffum. Repeated Immediate to London, Paris, Seoul, Tokyo, Rome, and Beijing. Kissinger accompanied Ford on a European trip which included stays in Warsaw (July 28–29), Helsinki (July 29–August 2), Bucharest (August 2–3), and Belgrade (August 3–4). On August 11 the United States vetoed the proposed admission to the United Nations of the North and South Vietnamese governments. On September 19 the United Nations General Assembly voted 123–0 (with 8 abstentions, including the United States) requesting that the Security Council revisit the issue of admission of both Vietnam governments. On September 30, the United States again vetoed in the Security Council admission of the Hanoi and Saigon governments.
79. Telegram 179177/Tosec 80150 From the Department of State to Secretary of State Kissinger, July 30, 1975, 0003Z.
Ingersoll communicated to Kissinger Moynihan’s objections to the impending veto of the Vietnamese governments’ application for admission to the United Nations.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential; Cherokee; Immediate; Nodis. Drafted Duemling and approved by Ingersoll and Moffat. Kissinger accompanied Ford on a European trip which included stays in Warsaw (July 28–29), Helsinki (July 29–August 2), Bucharest (August 2–3), and Belgrade (August 3–4). On August 11 the United States vetoed the proposed admission to the United Nations of the North and South Vietnamese governments. On September 19 the United Nations General Assembly voted 123–0 (with 8 abstentions, including the United States) requesting that the Security Council revisit the issue of admission of both Vietnam governments. On September 30, the United States again vetoed in the Security Council admission of the Hanoi and Saigon governments.
80. Research Study OPR 405 Prepared in the Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, August 1975.
The CIA assessed the politicization of international technical organizations, judging that the effect was more rhetorical than substantive.
Source: Department of State, INR/SEE/FP Files: Lot 92 D 403, General. Official Use Only. Only the Introduction and Key Judgments section of the 21-page study is published.
81. Memorandum of Conversation, New York, September 22, 1975, 9:35 a.m.
Kissinger, Waldheim, and Moynihan discussed the potential withdrawal of the United States from the International Labor Organization.
Source: Department of State, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files, P820123–1638. Confidential; Nodis. Drafted by Alvin Adams (S) on October 8. The meeting was held in Waldheim’s office at U.N. headquarters. Brian Edward Urquhart was Under Secretary General of the United Nations for Special Political Affairs.
82. Telegram 5150 From the Mission to the United Nations to the Department of State, October 18, 1975, 1818Z.
Moynihan reported to Kissinger on an October 17 vote in the Social, Humanitarian, and Cultural Committee of the United Nations General Assembly that equated Zionism with racism.
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy Files. Confidential. On November 10, United Nations General Assembly resolution A/RES/3379 (XXX) declared Zionism to be a form of racism and racial discrimination. Statements of disapproval by Garment, Moynihan, and Ford are published in Department of State Bulletin, December 1, 1975, pp. 788–796.