Treaty Series No. 584.]
By the President of the United States of America.
A PROCLAMATION.
Whereas a Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of Paraguay providing for the mutual extradition of fugitives from justice was conducted and signed by their respective Plenipotentiaries at the City of Asuncion, on the twenty-sixth day of March, one thousand nine hundred and thirteen, the original of which Treaty, being in the English and Spanish languages is word for word as follows:
Extradition Treaty between the United States of America and the Republic of Paraguay.
The United States America and the Republic of Paraguay, desiring to strengthen their friendly relations and to promote the cause of justice, have resolved to conclude a treaty for the extradition of fugitives from justice, between the United States of America and the Republic of Paraguay, and have appointed for that purpose the following Plenipotentiaries:
- The President of the United States of America, Nicolay A. Grevstad, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Paraguay; and
- The President of Paraguay, Doctor Eusebio Ayala, Minister for Foreign Affairs of The Republic of Paraguay;
Who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following articles:
Article I.
It is agreed that the Government of the United States and the Government of Paraguay shall, upon mutual requisition duly made as [Page 1054] herein provided, deliver up to justice any person who may be charged with, or may have been convicted of any of the crimes specified in Article II of this Convention committed within the jurisdiction of one of the Contracting Parties while said person was actually within such jurisdiction when the crime was committed, and who shall seek an asylum or shall be found within the territories of the other, provided that such surrender shall take place only upon such evidence of criminality, as according to the laws of the place where the fugitive or person so charged shall be found, would justify his apprehension and commitment for trial if the crime or offense had been there committed.
Article II.
Persons shall be delivered up according to the provisions of this Convention, who shall have been charged with or convicted of any of the following crimes:
- 1.
- Murder, comprehending the crimes designated by the terms parricide, assassination, manslaughter, when voluntary; poisoning or infanticide.
- 2.
- The attempt to commit murder.
- 3.
- Rape, abortion, carnal knowledge of children under the age of twelve years.
- 4.
- Bigamy.
- 5.
- Arson.
- 6.
- Wilful and unlawful destruction or obstruction of railroads, which endangers human life.
- 7.
- Crimes committed at sea:
- a)
- Piracy, as commonly known and defined by the law of nations, or by statute;
- b)
- Wrongfully sinking or destroying a vessel at sea or attempting to do so;
- c)
- Mutiny or conspiracy by two or more members of the crew or other persons on board of a vessel on the high seas, for the purpose of rebelling against the authority of the Captain or Commander of such vessel, or by fraud or violence taking possession of such vessel;
- d)
- Assault on board ship upon the high seas with intent to do bodily harm.
- 8.
- Burglary, defined to be the act of breaking into and entering the house of another in the night time with intent to commit a felony therein.
- 9.
- The act of breaking into and entering the offices of the Government and public authorities, or the offices of banks, banking houses, savings banks, trust companies, insurance companies, or other buildings not dwellings with intent to commit a felony therein.
- 10.
- Robbery, defined to be the act of feloniously and forcibly taking from the person of another goods or money by violence or by putting him in fear.
- 11.
- Forgery or the utterance of forged papers.
- 12.
- The forgery or falsification of the official acts of the Government or public authority, including Courts of Justice, or the uttering or fraudulent use of any of the same.
- 13.
- The fabrication of counterfeit money, whether coin or paper, counterfeit titles or coupons of public debt, created by National, [Page 1055] State, Provincial, Territorial, Local or Municipal Governments, bank notes or other instruments of public credit, counterfeit seals, stamps dies and marks of State or public administrations, and the utterance, circulation or fraudulent use of the above mentioned objects.
- 14.
- Embezzlement or criminal malversation committed within the jurisdiction of one or the other party by public officers or depositaries, where the amount embezzled exceeds two hundred dollars or Paraguayan equivalent.
- 15.
- Embezzlement by any person or persons hired, salaried or employed, to the detriment of their employers or principals, when the crime or offence is punishable by imprisonment or other corporal punishment by the laws of both countries, and where the amount embezzled exceeds two hundred dollars or Paraguayan equivalent.
- 16.
- Kidnapping of minors or adults, defined to be the abduction or detention of a person or persons, in order to exact money from them or their families, or for any other unlawful end.
- 17.
- Larceny, defined to be the theft of effects, personal property, or money, of the value of twenty-five dollars or more, or Paraguayan equivalent.
- 18.
- Obtaining money, valuable securities or other property by false pretences or receiving any money, valuable securities or other property knowing the same to have been unlawfully obtained, where the amount of money or the value of the property so obtained or received exceeds two hundred dollars or Paraguayan equivalent.
- 19.
- Perjury or subornation of perjury.
- 20.
- Fraud or breach of trust by a bailee, banker, agent, factor, trustee, executor, administrator, guardian, director or officer of any Company or Corporation, or by any one in any fiduciary position, where the amount of money or the value of the property misappropriated exceeds two hundred dollars or Paraguayan equivalent.
- 21.
- Crimes and offences against the laws of both countries for the suppression of slavery and slave trading.
- 22.
- The extradition is also to take place for participation in any of the aforesaid crimes as an accessory before or after the fact, provided such participation be punishable by imprisonment by the laws of both Contracting Parties.
Article III
The provisions of this Convention shall not import claim of extradition for any crime or offence of a political character, nor for acts connected with such crimes or offences; and no person surrendered by or to either of the Contracting Parties in virtue of this Convention shall be tried or punished for a political crime or offence. When the offence charged comprises the act either of murder or assassination or of poisoning, either consummated or attempted, the fact that the offence was committed or attempted against the life of the Sovereign or Head of a foreign State or against the life of any member of his family, shall not be deemed sufficient to sustain that such crime or offence was of a political character; or was an act connected with crimes or offences of a political character.
[Page 1056]Article IV.
No person shall be tried for any crime or offence other than that for which he was surrendered.
Article V.
A fugitive criminal shall not be surrendered under the provisions hereof, when, from lapse of time or other lawful cause, according to the laws of the place within the jurisdiction of which the crime was committed, the criminal is exempt from prosecution or punishment for the offense for which the surrender is asked.
Article VI.
If a fugitive criminal whose surrender may be claimed pursuant to the stipulations hereof, be actually under prosecution, out on bail or in custody, for a crime or offence committed in the country where he has sought asylum, or shall have been convicted thereof, his extradition may be deferred until such proceedings be determined, and until he shall have been set at liberty in due course of law.
Article VII.
If a fugitive criminal claimed by one of the parties hereto, shall be also claimed by one or more powers pursuant to treaty provisions, on account of crimes committed within their jurisdiction, such criminal shall be delivered to that State whose demand is first received.
Article VIII.
Under the stipulations of this Convention, neither of the Contracting Parties shall be bound to deliver up its own citizens.
Article IX.
The expense of arrest, detention, examination and transportation of the accused shall be paid by the Government which has preferred the demand for extradition.
Article X.
Everything found in the possession of the fugitive criminal at the time of his arrest, whether being the proceeds of the crime or offence, or which may be material as evidence in making proof of the crime, shall so far as practicable, according to the laws of either of the Contracting Parties, be delivered up with his person at the time of surrender. Nevertheless, the rights of a third party with regard to the articles aforesaid, shall be duly respected.
Article XI.
The stipulations of this Convention shall be applicable to all territory wherever situated, belonging to either of the Contracting [Page 1057] Parties or in the occupancy and under the control of either of them, during such occupancy or control.
Requisitions for the surrender of fugitives from justice shall be made by the respective diplomatic agents of the Contracting Parties. In the event of the absence of such agents from the country or its seat of Government, or where extradition is sought from a colonial possession of Paraguay or from territory included in the preceding paragraphs, other than the United States, requisitions may be made by superior Consular officers. It shall be competent for such diplomatic or superior consular officers to ask and obtain a mandate or preliminary warrant of arrest for the person whose surrender is sought, whereupon the judges and magistrates of the two Governments shall respectively have power and authority, upon complaint made under oath, to issue a warrant for the apprehension of the person charged, in order that he or she may be brought before such judge or magistrate, that the evidence of criminality may be heard and considered and if, on such hearing, the evidence be deemed sufficient to sustain the charge, it shall be the duty of the examining judge or magistrate to certify the same to the proper executive authority, that a warrant may issue for the surrender of the fugitive.
If the fugitive criminal shall have been convicted of the crime for which his surrender is asked, a copy of the sentence of the Court before which such conviction took place, duly authenticated, shall be produced. If, however, the fugitive is merely charged with crime, a duly authenticated copy of the warrant of arrest in the country where the crime was committed, and of the depositions upon which such warrant may have been issued, shall be produced, with such other evidence or proof as may be deemed competent in the case.
Article XII.
If when a person accused shall have been arrested in virtue of the mandate or preliminary warrant of arrest, issued by the competent authority as provided in Article XI hereof, and been brought before a judge or magistrate to the end that the evidence of his or her guilt may be heard and examined as hereinbefore provided, it shall appear that the mandate or preliminary warrant of arrest has been issued in pursuance of a request or declaration received by telegraph from the Government asking for the extradition, it shall be competent for the judge or magistrate at his discretion to hold the accused for a period not exceeding two months, so that the demanding Government may have opportunity to lay before such judge or magistrate legal evidence of the guilt of the accused and if at the expiration of said period of two months, such legal evidence shall not have been produced before such judge or magistrate, the person arrested shall be released, provided that the examination of the charges preferred against such accused person shall not be actually going on.
Article XIII.
In every case of a request made by either of the two Contracting Parties for the arrest, detention or extradition of fugitive criminals, [Page 1058] the legal officers or fiscal Ministry of the country where the proceedings of extradition are had, shall assist the officers of the Government demanding the extradition before the respective judges and magistrates, by every legal means within their or its power; and no claim whatever for compensation for any of the services so rendered shall be made against the Government demanding the extradition, provided, however, that any officer or officers of the surrendering Government so giving assistance, who shall, in the usual course of their duty, receive no salary or compensation other than specific fees for services performed, shall be entitled to receive from the Government demanding the extradition the customary fees for the acts or services performed by them, in the same manner and to the same amount as though such acts or services had been performed in ordinary criminal proceedings under the laws of the country of which they are officers.
Article XIV
This Convention shall take effect from the day of the exchange of the ratifications thereof; but either Contracting Party may at any time terminate the same on giving to the other six months notice of its intention to do so.
The ratifications of the present treaty shall be exchanged in the city of Asuncion as soon as possible.
In witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this treaty and have affixed thereto their respective seals.
Done at Asuncion this twenty-sixth day of March, in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and thirteen.
Nicolay A. Grevstad. [seal.]
Eusebio Ayala. [seal.]
And whereas the said Treaty has been duly ratified on both parts, and the ratifications of the two governments were exchanged in the City of Asuncion, on the seventeenth day of January, one thousand nine hundred and fourteen;
Now, therefore, be it known that I, Woodrow Wilson, President of the United States of America, have caused the said Treaty to be made public, to the end that the same and every article and clause thereof may be observed and fulfilled with good faith by the United States and the citizens thereof.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.
By the President:
W. J. Bryan,
Secretary of State.