Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958–1960, Near East
Region; Iraq; Iran; Arabian Peninsula, Volume XII
Index
- al-Abdi, Gen. Saleh, 396, 478, 495, 498, 505
-
Abdul Aziz bin Hassan, 772
-
Abdulillah, Crown Prince,
71, 294–295, 297, 303, 307–308, 327
- Abdullah Bin Abdel Rahman, 768–769
-
Abdullah ibn Salim Al
Sabah, 125, 278, 776–777, 780n
,
781
- Abdullah, Col. Radi, 313
-
Adair, Charles W., Jr., 739n
-
Adams, R.W., 479
- Aden, 15, 23, 117, 161, 782n
,
793, 814
- Adenauer, Konrad, 103, 584
- Afghanistan (see also Afghanistan and Afghan subheadings
under other subjects):
- Baghdad Pact, 96–97, 228–229, 236–237
- Iran, relations with, 284, 608, 642n
, 651n
, 656,
659, 674, 701
- Iran, unification with, 551, 568, 685
- Israeli position, 648
- Pushtoonistan, 660
- Soviet threat to 239, 241, 254
- Soviet Union, 616–617, 619,
623, 633, 691
- Turkish military aid to, 461
- United States, relations with, 205n
, 535n
, 540
- Africa, 62, 117,
142, 195, 271, 370
- Afshar-Qasemlu, Amir Khosro, 657
- Agricultural surpluses, 16, 32, 198, 273
- Agriculture, U.S. Department of, 16, 723n
-
Ahmad ben Yahya,
185, 729n
, 796–797, 799, 801–807, 809–810, 811n
, 812–815, 817–819
- Air Force, U.S. (USAF), 244
- Al al-Shaikh family, 772
-
Ala, 533n
, 534, 535n
, 540, 553, 577, 626–627
- Alcock, Robert W., 315, 514n
- Algeria, 51–52, 54, 132, 266, 275–276, 278
- Arab nationalism, 15, 23, 91, 131, 149,
189, 211, 388
- Iraqi position, 33, 513, 515–516
- Ali, Ali Baba, 378n
- Ali, Anwar, 772
-
Allen, George, 10–12, 81,
82–83, 84–86, 104–105, 179, 181, 432–433, 462
- Amer, Marshall Hakim, 347
- American Doctrine. See
Eisenhower
Doctrine.
- Amin, Abdul Wahhab, 379
- Amini, Ali, 541–542, 592n
- Amory, Robert, Jr., 675
- al-Amri, Qadhi, 798–799, 801, 803–804, 809
-
Anderson, Robert B., 46–47, 80, 130, 133, 260n
, 261, 308, 604, 680n
, 723
-
Ansari, Masud, 626n
, 653–655
- Anti-trust cases, 251–253, 257–258
- Arab Development Fund, 130, 203, 268
- Arab League, 157, 178n
, 198, 734, 760, 779n
, 791, 803
- Iraqi position, 343, 347, 525
- Iraqi-U.A.R. dispute, 411, 426, 433,
465
- Kuwait, 137, 779, 780n
, 781, 785
- Arab nationalism (see also Arab unity), 114–115, 138–142, 153, 154, 188, 265, 267
- British position, 54, 116, 388
- Iranian position, 124, 134, 147,
608, 685
- Libya, 139, 147, 149, 189, 211
- oil, 135, 161–162, 270
- pan-Arabism, 62, 107–108, 127, 608,
685
- Saudi Arabia, 4, 29–30, 87, 90, 117
- Soviet support of, 14, 115, 139,
146, 188–189, 210–211, 264
- Sudan, 139, 147, 149, 189, 211
- U.S. position, 29, 83–84, 87, 115–117, 129, 135–136, 145–149, 151, 157,
163–164,
167–169,
172, 176–179, 190, 259
- Arab Petroleum Conference, Cairo, April 1959, 214–215
- Arab Socialist Resurrectionists, 153
- Arab states. See
Near East; individual
countries.
- Arab Union (see also
Iraq;
Jordan), 40–42, 49, 58–59, 86, 298
- Iraqi coup, July 1958, 310, 312–314, 316,
328
- Iraqi position, 50, 71, 293–294
- Jordanian position, 50, 293–294
- Kuwaiti membership in, 108, 134, 295,
301–302
- Saudi position, 716, 724n
, 725, 728
- Syrian membership in, 293
- U.A.R. position, 322
- Arab unity (see also
Arab
nationalism), 1, 4, 15, 40–42
- Arab-Iranian rivalry, 134
- Arab-Israeli Armistice Agreements, 1949, 27
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 118, 128, 155–156, 166, 263, 266
- U.N. role in, 27–28, 164, 177, 194
- U.S. position, 7–13, 26–28, 40–45, 128, 150, 163–164, 166,
169, 173, 175, 179, 183–185, 193–194, 259,
265–266,
389
- Arabian-American Oil Co. (ARAMCO), 251–252, 727, 729, 735, 739, 750–751, 753–754, 756–757, 761
-
Aram, Abbas, 690–691, 699
- ARAMCO. See Arabian-American Oil Company.
-
Ardalan, Ali Qoli, 533n
, 534, 540–541, 542n
, 570, 592, 657
-
Arif, Col. Abd al-Salim Muhammad,
108, 307, 337, 341, 345, 351, 353, 364, 369
-
Arif, Lt. Gen. Mohammad
Rafiq, 64, 307, 309, 352n
- Armitage, John A., 704n
- Arms limitations, 117–118, 144, 268
- Army, U.S., 244
- Aryan Union, 609, 685
- Atomic energy, 210, 220, 286, 481
- Atomic weapons, 321, 432, 536, 566, 659
- Attiyyah, Bajhat, 305–306
- Aurand, Captain, 566, 570
- Avner, Yehuda, 316
-
Azzam, Abdul Rahman, 720–723, 795
- Baban, Ahmad Mukhtar, 306
-
al-Badr ben Ahmad, Crown Prince
Muhammad, 39, 771, 796–798, 802–810, 811n
, 812–815
- Baghdad Pact, 42, 210, 242, 243–248, 250, 254, 284, 569, 721
- Arab position, 15, 22, 38
- British position, 112, 121, 244,
246–247
- Combined Military Planning Staff (CMPS), 206–207, 244
- Council meetings:
- Ankara, January 1958, 2, 32–34, 36–39,
43, 531, 534, 564
- Karachi, January 1959, 205, 207–210, 223, 531
- London, July 1958, 78, 85,
97, 103, 111–113, 126, 333, 571n
, 639
- Tehran, April 1960, 253–254
- Washington, October 1959, 205n
, 206, 208, 221–224, 237–244, 489–490, 656
- Indian position, 96–97, 246
- Iranian membership in, 37–38, 283–284, 535,
611, 687–688, 701
- Iranian position, 243, 563, 565,
589, 608, 624n
,
649–650,
652, 685
- Iraq, 30, 75, 97, 208, 228, 311
- coup, July 1958, 311
- membership for, 38, 80, 106, 289, 335n
, 393
- military contingency planning against, 228n
, 229
- seizure of Pact records, 75
- withdrawal of, 74, 96–97,
104, 111, 120–121, 126, 137, 223–224
- Israeli position, 316
- Military Committee, 243, 247
- Multilateral Technical Assistance Fund, 206, 209
- Pakistani position, 78, 111, 235,
239–240,
243, 249, 283, 535
- Permanent Military Deputies Group (PMDG), 244
- Soviet position, 121, 245, 532n
, 633
- tactical nuclear support for, 284n
- Turkish position, 78, 111, 208,
235, 243, 283
- U.A.R. position, 121, 228
- U.S. bilateral treaties with members of, 205n
, 206, 208, 212, 223–224, 227,
229, 236
- U.S. position, 126, 208–209, 238–239
- U.S. role in, 96–97, 103–104, 113–114, 121,
227–230,
660
- Iran, effect on, 614, 616, 623
- Iranian position, 78, 111, 222, 235, 237, 245, 249–250
- Joint Chiefs of Staff proposal, 235–236, 280–285
- Bahrein, 774–775, 779
-
Bakdash, Khalid, 202, 380, 408
-
Bakhtiar, Maj. Gen. Teimur, 648, 670–671, 694–695
- Bandung Conference, 441
- Barco, James W., 1
-
Barnes, Robert G., 300n
, 339n
, 579–581, 800n
-
Bartlett, Frederic P., 238n
- Barzani, Mulla Mustafa, 345–346
- Baska, Col. John W., 539
- Baxter, William O., 674n
, 679n
,
700n
-
Becker, Loftus, 96n
, 331n
, 786–787
- Beckner, Earl R., 93n
,
255n
, 277
-
Bell, John O., 205n
, 335n
, 619–620, 701n
, 739–741, 815n
-
Ben Gurion, David, 11, 85, 155, 179, 181, 316–317, 647–649
-
Bennsky, George M., Jr., 55n
- Benson, Ezra Taft, 80
-
Berding, Andrew H., 233
-
Bergin, Adm. Charles K., 59, 63–64, 300n
-
Bergus, Donald C., 4n
, 55n
- Berlin crisis, 430, 513
- Bermuda Conference, March 1957, 56, 64–66, 176, 290
- Bernau, Phyllis D., 321n
, 626n
-
Berry, J. Lampton, 110n
, 145n
, 158–162, 292n
, 797
-
Bevilacqua, Charles K., 815n
- Bishop, Frederick, 301
-
Bissell, Richard, 494–495, 501n
-
Black, Eugene, 2, 450, 550n
, 619–621
-
Boggs, Marion, 100n
, 124n
, 221, 258, 275n
, 363n
, 366n
, 372n
, 443n
, 488n
, 492n
, 493, 494n
, 501n
, 508n
,
644n
, 662n
, 671n
, 676n
, 696n
, 748
- Bourguiba, Habib ben Ali, 131–132, 332, 434, 527
- Bowling, 696n
, 700n
, 701n
, 704n
, 706–711
- Bozorgmehr, Esfandiar, 537–539, 542
- Bracken, Katherine W., 496n
- Brand, Vance, 712n
-
Brewer, William D., 93n
, 774n
, 800n
- Bridges, Styles, 75
- British Petroleum Co. (BP), 252, 256–257, 784n
- British Protectorates. See
Aden; Bahrein; Gulf states; Kuwait; Qatar; Trucial States.
- Brook, Norman, 301
- Brundage, Percival, 17
- Budget, Bureau of the, 221
- Buraimi dispute, 30–31, 52, 54,
269, 720–722, 725, 727, 738, 773
-
Burke, Adm. Arleigh A., 245, 400–401
- Burns, Eugene, 315n
,
514
-
Cabell, Gen. Charles P., 341, 451, 510, 594, 671, 676, 736, 748
-
Caccia, Harold, 2, 60n
, 217, 233, 246, 299, 301, 411, 738, 790
- Calhoun, John A., 222n
,
414n
- Caltex, 370, 373,
757n
- Canada, 65–66
- Carabia, Jose, 315
-
CARE (Cooperative for American
Remittances to Everywhere), 51
- Carr, Robert M., 64n
- Cartels, international, 251–253, 257–258
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 135, 155, 579
- Iran, 579, 596, 693n
- Iraq, 307, 353n
, 400, 401n
, 410,
467, 508
- Saudi Arabia, 762n
, 764n
, 765n
- Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) (see also
Baghdad Pact), 235n
- al-Chaderchi, Kamel, 345, 353, 379, 518n
- Chamberlain, Neville, 105
-
Chamoun, Camille, 20, 50, 57, 73, 89, 101, 132, 305, 571
- U.S. military intervention in Lebanon, 79, 85, 309, 313
-
Chapin, Selden, 533n
, 537n
, 541n
, 542n
, 543, 548–553
- Chase Manhattan Bank, 1, 550, 552
-
Chehab, Gen. Fuad, 73, 89, 101, 124
- China, People’s Republic of, 161, 282, 364, 430
- China, Republic of, 43n
,
545, 628
- Cities Services Co., 793
-
Clark, Gen. Albert P., 742–745
- Colley, George, Jr., 315, 514n
- Colonialism, 23, 132, 135, 266
- Combined Military Planning Staff (CMPS), 206–207, 244
- Commerce, U.S. Department of, 65, 66n
, 220–221
- Congress, U.S., 10–11, 106, 228, 318, 343, 575n
-
Coon, Carleton S., 816n
- Cooperative for American Remittances to Everywhere (CARE), 51
- Cotton, 24, 203,
404
-
Crawford, William R., Jr., 754–757, 790n
, 796, 805, 809, 815n
- Creole Oil Co., 279
- Crown Prince Faisal of Saudi Arabia. See
Faisal ibn abd al-Aziz.
- Cuba, 364, 425,
816
-
Cumming, Hugh S., Jr., 72, 544, 694, 762n
, 769–770
-
Cutler, Robert, 6–7, 9, 12–16, 39
- Cyprus, 34, 76, 82, 91, 107, 298
- Czechoslovakia, 185, 347, 450, 526
- Dabbagh, Abdullah, 772
- al-Daghestani, Maj. Gen. Ghazi, 309, 337, 352n
- Dale, William N., 301
- Damandji, Col., 318–319
-
Davies, Rodger P., 274
- de Gaulle, Gen. Charles, 105, 513, 515
- de Ribbing, Herbert, 794
- Dean, Patrick, 217, 233, 301–302
-
Decker, Gen. George H., 245
- Defense, U.S. Department of, 13, 55, 151, 155, 163–165, 170, 258, 575n
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 173, 177, 179
- Baghdad Pact, 45, 207, 235–236, 248,
281
- Iran, 568–569, 579, 615, 655,
659n
, 667, 675,
702, 708
- Iraq, 289–291, 307, 401n
, 410, 433,
467, 490, 508, 524n
- oil, 65, 66n
, 220–221
- Palestine issue, 4–5, 7
- Saudi Arabia, 47, 741, 755, 762n
, 764n
, 765n
, 766
-
Dennison, Adm. Robert L., 224–226
- Denny, Adm. Michael M., 325, 776
- Development Loan Fund (DLF), 207, 229–230, 242, 746
- Iran, 534, 548, 565, 580, 616,
619, 621, 651n
,
655, 679n
, 712
- Diamonds, 278
- Dickson, Marshall, 325, 776
-
Dillon, C. Douglas, 4n
, 59–60, 74,
167n
, 205n
, 276, 339n
, 485n
, 627n
,
638, 679n
, 703n
, 704n
, 739, 741n
, 788, 789n
- Baghdad Pact, 221–222, 237–239, 241
- Iran, 543, 550n
, 619–621, 638, 645,
670, 672
- Iraq, 299, 301–302, 368, 402–405, 444–445, 455,
458–459,
464, 467, 470
- oil, 64–65,
213–214,
279–280,
285
- Turkey, 579, 581n
, 638
- Yemen, 800, 815–816, 818
-
Dimechkie, Nadim, 57
- Diwan, Rais, 312
- Dixon, Pierson, 721–722
- Djibouti, 131
- Dolgin, George, 255n
-
Dorman, John R., 290n
, 716n
, 719n
- Douglas, James H., 280–281
- Draper Committee, 708
-
Dulles, Allen W., 42n
, 72, 81, 84,
106, 131, 156, 394, 463n
- Arab nationalism, 98–99, 107–108
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 155, 183
- Iran, 134, 208, 501, 509, 585,
587, 597, 603, 604, 696, 699
- Iraq, 307–311, 341, 348, 375–377, 380–381, 400–401, 462n
, 474,
501, 511
- British position, 301, 325, 377–378
- Communist threat to, 403, 423–427, 434, 441, 446, 464, 471n
, 472, 478
- harassment of U.S. nationals in, 424, 441
- Qassim government, 108, 333, 492–493
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 217, 219, 404, 489–490
- Jordan, 73–74, 137
- Kuwait, 83–84, 776–777, 781n
, 784
- Lebanon, 85, 124, 137
- Libya, 275–276
- Near East, 82, 178
- oil, 213n
, 261
- Saudi Arabia, 47, 137, 715, 720, 724,
728, 734
- Soviet-U.A.R relations, 133, 218–219
- United Arab Republic (UAR), 39–40, 137, 715, 734
- Yemen, 180, 185, 796n
, 800, 807–808, 813, 814n
-
Dulles, John Foster, 56n
, 94n
, 130,
145n
, 156–158, 176–177, 325n
, 360, 575n
- Arab nationalism, 98–99, 136
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 7–12, 164, 177, 179,
184–185
- Baghdad Pact, 32–34, 37–39, 42n
, 74, 78, 106, 113–114, 126, 205n
, 207–209
- Gulf states, 93, 95n
- Iran, 37–39,
532–534,
537–539,
543, 552, 569–570, 588, 596
- Iraq, 102, 307, 321, 336–337
- British position, 301–302, 320, 375, 377–378
- political situation, 83, 331, 333–334, 351–353, 363–364
- U.S. military aid to, 289,
291, 294–296, 299
- Jordan, 73–74, 85–86, 100–102, 180, 317–318
- Kuwait, 93n
, 134, 776–778
- Lebanon, 72–74, 79, 85, 101, 308, 570–572
- Near East, 1–5, 35, 48, 55, 76, 157–158, 167, 176, 200
- Persian Gulf, 83–84
- resignation and death of, 423, 425, 461
- Saudi Arabia, 46, 102, 572, 714, 719–725, 768
- Turkey, 75, 579, 581
- United Arab Republic (UAR), 33–34, 36, 127–129, 303, 375,
378
-
Eban, Abba, 11, 647
-
Ebtehaj, Abol Hassan, 534n
, 543, 615, 617–621
- Egypt (see also
United Arab
Republic; Egypt and Egyptian subheadings under
other entries), 21–22, 24, 29,
108, 120, 432–433, 799
- Eilts, Herman F., 205n
,
221n
, 223n
, 229n
, 238n
, 241n
, 751n
, 757n
, 762n
, 764n
, 766n
, 771n
, 794n
, 818n
-
Eisenhower, Dwight David, 81–82, 109n
, 131, 178, 218, 340n
, 426n
, 546n
,
575n
- Afghanistan, 659
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 7, 13–14, 155, 179,
184–186
- Baghdad Pact, 42n
, 105,
112–114,
205n
, 208–209, 221, 237,
239–241
- British-U.S. relations, 216
- class warfare, 677–678
- heads of governments meeting, Soviet proposal for, 86–87, 514
- Iran, 134, 508–509, 531, 579,
601n
, 602–604, 617, 657n
, 670,
678
- Soviet non-aggression pact with, 627–629, 631, 640n
- Soviet threat to, 532, 639, 649, 651n
, 652, 657–658
- United States, relations with, 533, 552, 566–575, 672–673
- U.S. military aid to, 77, 531, 562, 575–577, 579, 617, 649n
, 659–663, 674–675, 700–702
- Iraq, 298, 304, 307, 331, 334,
335n
, 363–364, 449–450, 474, 508–509
- British position, 301–302, 441, 445
- Communist threat to, 385n
, 399, 401n
, 403, 409–410, 419
- U.A.R.-U.S. cooperation, 376–377, 403–404
- United States, relations with, 360, 374, 407
- Jordan, 78n
,
100, 317–318
- Kuwait, 83–84, 784n
, 787
- Lebanon, 78n
,
79, 143,
218, 308, 570–572
- Near East, 63n
,
72, 76,
80–82,
106, 133, 156, 183, 555
- oil, 64–66,
130, 221, 260n
- Saudi Arabia, 46, 568, 572, 714n
, 715, 729,
733
- Shah visit to the United States, 535n
- State visits:
- Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey, December
1959, 240, 253, 652, 658–660, 662–663
- Soviet Union, proposed, 238
- Turkey, 32–33, 74, 77, 579
- United Arab Republic (UAR), 33–34, 36, 82, 218
-
Eisenhower, John S.D., 207–208, 240–241, 807n
, 812
- Iran, 663n
,
671n
, 693n
, 699, 712
- Iraq, 351n
,
361n
, 385n
, 438–439, 441, 450,
472, 473, 500, 520n
, 663n
- Eisenhower Doctrine, 15, 21–22, 28, 46–47, 51, 53, 270, 292, 465n
, 786
- Baghdad Pact, 37, 42, 113–114, 126, 564
- Iran, 126, 552, 554–555, 608–609, 624,
651n
, 685
- Lebanon, 132, 372
-
Elbrick, C. Burke, 301,
326, 776, 778n
- Eliot, Theodore L., Jr., 277n
- Ellis, Athol H., 739n
-
Elting, Howard, Jr., 765n
- Energy, alternate sources of, 220–221, 279, 286
- Ente Nazional Idrocarbui (ENI), 797n
-
Eqbal, Manuchehr, 111, 237–241, 250, 533n
, 534, 598, 617, 641, 656–658, 697–699
- Erhard, Ludwig, 375
- Ethiopia, 31, 82,
131, 198
- Export-Import Bank, 11, 25, 534n
, 543–544, 548, 679n
, 712, 746
- Ezzi, Ahman Salih, 307
- Fahad bin Abdul Aziz, 772
- Fahad bin Saud, 726, 772
- Fahad, Shaikh, 776
-
Faisal ibn abd
al-Aziz, 90, 125, 137–139, 729–734, 743, 751–754, 760–761, 768–771, 790–791
- assumption of powers by, 721, 724, 726–728, 735
- conflict with King Saud, 745–748, 750,
757–760,
767
- coup plots, 762n
, 763–765
- economic situation in Saudi Arabia, 736, 739–741
- Faisal II, King, 292, 293n
, 300
- Farley, Philip J., 233
-
Fawzi, Mahmoud, 200
- Ferguson, Charles B.808
- Fields, Brig. Gen. L.J., 246–247
- Five Power Resolution, 514
- Foreign Ministers Meeting on Germany, July 1959,
645n
, 647n
- France, 19, 131,
278, 509, 513
- Frechtling, Louis E., 745n
- Freers, Edward L., 627n
- French Petroleum Company, 252
-
Fritzlan, A. David, 201, 204, 353n
, 361, 365
-
Furnas, Howard, 136n
, 210n
, 509n
-
Gallman, Waldemar J., 359n
, 360
-
Gannett, Michael R., 243n
, 246
-
Gates, Thomas S., Jr., 233–235, 490
- al-Gaylani, Rashid Ali, 353–354
- George, W. Lloyd, 306
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 671
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 31, 375, 584, 809–810
-
Gleason, S. Everett, 6n
, 37n
, 46n
, 145n
, 154n
, 175n
, 182n
, 219, 341, 348, 375n
, 378, 402n
, 423n
, 441, 446n
, 469n
, 471n
, 547n
, 591n
, 600n
, 625, 638, 642, 728, 784n
, 800, 808, 813
- Glidden, Harold W., 322–323, 478
-
Goodpaster, Brig. Gen. Andrew J.,
72, 81, 98, 222n
, 473n
, 489n
,
491, 653n
, 658n
-
Grantham, Adm. Elonzo B., Jr.,
246, 674n
-
Gray, Gordon, 101, 104–105, 107, 109n
, 275,
429, 464n
, 466n
, 597n
- Iran, 587, 589–594, 601–603, 672, 677
- Iraq, 364, 372, 374, 376, 401–402, 441,
446, 467, 492, 509–510
- Near East, 125–127, 129, 131, 154–156, 175–176, 178,
180–183,
185–186,
248–249
- oil, 220, 257, 260n
, 261, 276
- Greece, 91, 96–97, 200, 581
-
Greene, Joseph, 95n
, 97n
, 532n
- Greene, Miles L., Jr., 688n
-
Gromyko, Andre A., 646–647, 653, 655
- Gulf of Aqaba dispute, 28, 52, 54, 194–195, 720, 722–723, 725, 728
- Gulf Oil Company, 252, 257, 784n
- Gulf states (see also
Bahrein; Kuwait; Persian Gulf; Qatar; Trucial Coast), 23, 93–95, 144, 370, 738, 783, 774–775
-
Hadid, Muhammad, 335n
, 345, 361, 379–380, 476, 518n
-
Hager, Eric H., 251
- Hagerty, James C., 81, 82n
, 531–532
-
Halla, Philip J., 460, 463, 467
-
Hammarskjöld, Dag, 1–2, 9, 35, 86,
317, 412, 468, 645–646, 794–795
- Handley, William J., 460, 462–463, 467, 469
-
Hare, Raymond A., 204, 210, 358, 449, 468, 751n
, 757n
, 766, 796, 798, 808–812
-
Harr, Karl G., Jr., 414n
, 547–548, 596, 663
-
Hart, Parker T., 457, 460–461, 466, 468, 651, 704n
, 739n
, 762n
, 764n
- Hashemite rule, 329, 499
- Hashim, Ibrahim, 301n
-
Hassan, Prince Saif al-Islam, 797, 806–807, 813
- Hawkins, Richard H., Jr., 762n
, 767
-
Hayter, William, 35, 325, 776
-
Heath, Donald R., 76–77, 714n
, 716n
, 717n
, 730–733, 737–738, 749–750, 751n
, 752–754, 790–791
- political situation in Saudi Arabia, 726n
, 747n
, 757–758, 762n
, 763, 765n
- U.S. economic and military aid to Saudi Arabia, 742–745, 746n
- U.S.-Saudi relations, 724n
, 725, 736, 755
-
Hedayat, Gen. Abdollah, 578, 583, 680, 699, 712–713
-
Hekmat, Ali Asghar, 223, 553, 576, 578, 631, 632n
, 636, 641, 646
-
Henderson, Loy, 209, 221n
, 330, 541n
, 582, 627n
, 652n
, 654n
,
696n
, 765n
-
Hendryx, Frank, 750, 753, 756
-
Herter, Christian A., 145n
, 219, 238n
, 394, 399n
, 509n
, 645n
, 696n
, 716n
, 790, 798
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 155–156
- Baghdad Pact, 222, 237, 253–254, 280,
591
- Iran, 508, 587n
, 590n
, 592, 601–602, 656,
677–678
- Iraq, 299, 324–325, 372, 446,
484, 489, 492, 494–495, 508
- Kuwait, 83, 776
- Near East, 55, 59, 81, 143, 158
- Oil, 64, 65n
, 213,
261
- Pakistani-Iranian unification, 561
- Saudi Arabia, 46–47, 768, 769
- Turkey, 219, 489
- United Arab Republic (UAR), 33, 36, 216, 374
- U.S.-British joint military planning, 233, 235
-
Herzog, Yaacov, 346–347
- Hitler, Adolf, 105, 129, 573
- Hoegh, Leo A., 220
- Holloway, Adm. James L., Jr., 85
-
Holman, Eugene, 213–214
- Hood, Viscount Samuel, 60n
, 76, 301–302, 317–318, 320, 325, 411, 737, 776
- Hope, A. Guy, 515
- Hope, John, 233
-
Howe, Fisher, 48n
, 96n
, 158n
- Hoy, Gen., 578, 583
- Hover-Millar, Frederick, 217–218, 233
- Humphrey, George, 81n
,
331
-
Hussaini, Jamal Bey, 727
-
Hussein I, King, 20, 79, 98–100, 104, 138, 204, 218, 293n
, 320, 512–513
- Idris el Mahdi es-Senussi, Sayid Mohammed, 108
- Imam of Yemen. See
Ahmad ben
Yahya.
- India (see also India and Indian subheadings under other
subjects), 568
- Pakistan, relations with, 72, 241, 640
- United States, relations with, 228,
236, 535n
- U.S. economic aid to 208, 533, 535–536
- Indo-China, 431–432
- Indonesia, 47, 91,
407
- Interior, U.S. Department of, 65, 66n
, 220–221
- Intermediate-range ballistic missies (IRBMs). See
Missiles.
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(IBRD), 1–2, 25, 35, 130, 550n
, 616, 620–621, 680, 686, 746
- International Cooperation Agency (ICA), 55,
57–58, 65, 66n
, 242, 260, 575n
- Iran, 579, 615, 651n
, 655
- Iraq, 410, 457, 463, 511, 525
- Yemen, 800–802, 814–816, 818–819
- International Monetary Fund (IMF), 619, 679, 695, 703, 721, 746
- International Petroleum Company, 280
- Investment Guarantee Program, 392
- Iran (see also Iran and Iranian subheadings under other
subjects):
- Afghanistan, relations with, 284, 608, 642n
, 651n
, 656,
659, 674, 701
- Afghanistan, unification with, 551,
568, 685
- Agreements with the United States:
- Bilateral Agreement of Cooperation, 105, 121, 205n
, 206, 208, 212, 219, 223–224, 227, 229, 236, 633, 638–643, 684, 686, 706
- American University of Tehran, 539,
568
- Arab minority in, 599, 607, 683
- Arab nationalism, 124, 134, 147,
608, 685
- Azerbaijan, 103, 555, 564, 641–642
- Baghdad Pact Atomic Energy Center, 210
- Baghdad Pact. See Iranian subjects under
Baghdad Pact.
- British position, 2n
, 225, 234, 630,
646–647,
668, 787n
- communications, 2n
, 568, 603
- economic situation, 665, 685–686, 695, 700,
703, 709, 713
- industrial development bank proposal, 550, 552
- taxation, 593, 609
- economic stabilization talks, Washington, June
1960, 679–680
- Firbal Project, 603
- foreign policy of, 608–609, 684–685
- India, relations with, 608, 634, 657n
, 685
- Iraq, 457, 459
- attacks by, 651n
- effect of Communist control of, 376, 416, 430, 434, 442, 453
- military intervention in, 311,
313n
,
316, 369, 391, 454–455
- threat of, 284, 642n
, 659, 674
- Iraq, relations with, 239, 241, 356–357, 362,
365, 480, 507–509, 597, 613, 651n
- Shatt al-Arab dispute, 492,
499, 501, 522, 525, 528, 608, 660, 663n
, 669
- Israel, relations with, 155, 276, 572,
647–649
- Jordan, relations with, 499
- Kurdistan, 566, 583
- Kurds, 90, 362, 461, 577, 583,
599, 601–603, 607, 683
- Majlis, 553, 598–599, 671n
, 692–693, 696–699
- military planning for, 39, 225, 234,
554, 602
- military situation, 103–104, 565–566, 570,
610n
, 686–687, 709–710
- Mossedegh government, 432–434
- Mutual Security Program, 72, 81
- neutralism, 144, 161, 533
- oil, 213, 215, 331, 546, 565,
567, 599, 609, 685, 752
-
OPEC membership for, 276, 278–279, 285
- Pakistan, relations with, 568, 594, 602,
608, 630
- Pakistan, unification with, 546–547, 551,
568, 593, 609, 613, 685
- Plan Counterbalance. See under
U.S. military aid below
.
- Plan Organization, 543, 548, 552,
599, 609–610, 621, 679–680, 686,
695n
- political parties:
- political situation, 88, 547–548, 549, 597–600, 605–608, 664–665, 682–684
- elections, 676, 692–699, 712
- Iraq coup, effect of, 583–588, 595–596, 606, 683
- Turkish coup, effect of, 675,
683
- Qarani affair, 537–539, 541–542, 548–549, 582
- reforms, internal, 591–592, 594–601, 606–607, 612,
688
- Soviet non-aggression pact with, 208,
624, 626–632, 634–637, 638, 640,
643, 650
- Soviet Union:
- threat of, 43, 282, 536, 600–603, 614–615, 617n
, 641–644, 646–647, 660, 676
- Treaty of Friendship, February
1921, 633, 636–637, 644, 653–654
- Treaty of Guarantee and Neutrality, October 1927, 633,
637
- Soviet Union, relations with, 280–282, 574,
601, 608, 620, 690–691, 699, 704–705
- Turkey, relations with, 602, 608, 630
- Turkish-Iranian railroad, 206–207, 209–210, 242,
254, 651n
, 656
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 634, 701
- United Kingdom, relations with, 103,
134
- United States, relations with, 31, 37, 240
- U.S. economic aid to, 74, 82, 242, 531, 552–553, 557–558, 580–581, 610,
686, 703
- U.S. military aid to, 2n
, 544–546, 559,
575–577,
581, 666–669, 706–711
- aircraft, 2n
, 3, 558, 560, 565, 658, 659n
, 666n
, 668–669, 702, 708
- airfields, 548, 650, 651n
, 658–659, 663, 666n
, 669, 707–708
- amount, 72, 228, 548, 552–553, 557–560, 687
- Defense Support, 703–704, 707–712
- Iranian position, 615–616, 674–675
- Military Assistance Program (MAP), 43–45, 556–560, 610n
, 702, 708, 710–711
- missiles, 284n
, 651n
, 652n
, 658, 659n
, 663, 666n
, 668–669, 708
- Plan Counterbalance, 77, 533–534, 540, 579–581, 610–611, 620–624, 674–675, 706–707
- ships, 558, 560, 565, 651n
, 652n
, 666n
, 668, 708
- U.S. policy, 604–605, 672–673, 680–688
- Iranian Consortium, 252
- Iraq (see also Iraq and Iraqi subheadings under other
subjects), 2n
,
21, 24, 28, 29, 144, 210, 315n
, 328, 379, 450, 475, 481, 510, 526,
- agrarian reform, 503, 521, 529
- agreements with the United States:
- Atomic Energy Cooperation for Civil Uses, May 1957, 393
- Community Welfare, March 1955, 393
- cultural agreements, 448, 526
- Economic Assistance, July 1957,
460
- Economic Development, November
1952, 393
- Mutual Assistance Agreement, April
1954, 393, 460, 463, 465, 529
- Supplemental Sales, April 1955,
460, 465
- Technical Cooperation, April 1951,
393
- Arab nationalism, 4, 29–30, 264
- Baghdad Pact. See Iraqi subjects under
Baghdad Pact.
- British military aid to, 31, 289–291, 377–378, 406, 412,
424, 450, 456–457
- British military intervention in, 310,
313n
, 321, 326,
454–455
- British position, 241, 320, 375–376, 395n
, 423,
428, 434, 442, 479, 490
- British-U.S. discussions, 391, 427, 429–431, 441,
489–490,
501
- civil war, possibility of, 489, 491, 494–495
- communism, 108, 200–202, 219, 231,
264–265,
395–399
- takeover by, 376, 386–388, 453–455
- threat of, 416, 450, 456–460, 471–472, 474–479, 510, 517
- Iranian position, 241–242, 461, 633, 663
- Soviet position, 442–443
- Turkish position, 241–242, 399, 405, 407, 410, 422–423, 428, 442
- U.S. position, 241–242, 381–388, 399–400, 414–423, 439–440, 444–445
- coup, July 1958, 71, 87, 89, 102, 115, 132,
230n
, 231, 307,
310–315,
322–325,
327–328,
732–733
- coup plots, 354–356, 361–362, 365–366, 372,
385
- economic situation, 58, 298, 345,
449, 480, 496, 514, 517, 521–522, 528–529
- French position, 387, 434, 522
- India, relations with, 407, 469
- Interagency Group on Iraq, 436–437, 441, 446,
460–463,
466–470,
484–486,
488–490,
501–502,
508–510
- Iran, relations with, 239, 241, 356–357, 362,
365, 480, 507–509, 597, 613, 651n
- Shatt al-Arab dispute, 340,
492, 499, 501, 522, 525, 528, 608, 660, 663n
, 669
- Iranian military intervention in, 311,
313n
, 316, 369,
391, 454–455
- Iranian position, 332–334, 371,
387–388,
457, 459, 547, 567, 577
- Israel, relations with, 33, 646, 648
- Israeli position, 310, 346–347, 387–388, 416, 428,
442, 472, 499
- Jordan, relations with, 336, 472, 513,
517, 523, 527
- Jordanian military intervention in, 88,
328, 369, 495, 499, 505, 577
- Jordanian position, 310, 312–314, 332–334, 371, 416,
442
- Kurds, 305, 357, 376, 443, 446,
458
- Soviet support for, 216–218, 345–346, 352, 424
- Turkomans, clashes with, 473–474
- U.S. support for, 362, 365, 369, 373
- Kuwait invasion, possible, 75, 234, 302,
310–311,
527, 786–787
- Lebanon, relations with, 216, 332–334, 407, 517,
527
- military situation, 22, 478, 500
- coup plots, 498, 504, 517
- frontier unrest, 443, 446
- Kirkuk clashes, 473–475, 482, 487, 503, 519
- Mosul revolt, 395–397, 413, 439–440, 481, 487–488, 489n
, 519
- Morocco, relations with, 407, 527
- oil, 157, 213n
, 213,
215, 331, 449, 511, 521
- internatonal cartel antitrust case, 251–252
-
OPEC membership for, 276, 279
- Pakistani position, 86, 126–127, 332–334, 399, 577
- political parties, 486, 518n
- Baath Party of Iraq, 305, 309, 327, 332, 338, 345, 353–354, 380, 384, 476, 495–496, 498, 518
- Communist Party (Ittihad al-Sha’b), 305, 324, 327, 332, 338, 353, 372, 447, 452, 526
- Istiqlal, 337, 353, 380, 476, 518n
- Ittihad al-Sha’b (see
Communist Party above
)
- licensing of, 501, 503, 507, 510, 518
- National Democratic, 338, 345, 353, 379–380, 384, 471, 476, 496n
, 518
- political situation, 108, 305–306, 344–345, 352–353, 486–488, 496–498, 520n
, 763
- Popular Resistance Force (PRF), 378,
396–397,
415, 440, 460, 464, 475, 486, 498
- Qassim government, 108, 330, 409
- cabinet reshuffle, 378–381, 450–451, 472
- Communist support of, 368,
519–520
- factionalism within, 337–338, 344–346, 351–354
- U.S. position, 196, 366–371
- U.S. recognition of, 82–83, 86,
115–116, 125, 129, 331–334
- Radio Baghdad, 477, 491
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 407,
527
- Saudi position, 310, 334, 371,
413–414,
416, 732–733
- Shatt al-Arab, 340, 492, 499,
501, 522, 525, 528, 608, 660, 663n
, 669
- Soviet economic aid to, 265, 415, 419–420, 443,
451, 481, 504, 510–511, 526
- Soviet military aid to, 219, 341, 360,
415, 451, 500, 511, 526, 644n
- Soviet policy, 311, 454–455, 475, 483–484, 522
- Soviet threat to, 91–92, 239, 241, 499
- Soviet Union, relations with, 27, 202, 330,
390, 414
- Soviet-U.A.R. dispute over, 373. 385–386
- Sudan, relations with, 407, 416
- Syria, relations with, 29, 58, 140, 178, 352
- Tunisia, relations with, 334, 407, 527
- Turkey, relations with, 480, 507, 522,
528
- Turkish military intervention in, 75,
85, 88,
90, 307,
311–312,
313n
, 316, 369,
391, 454–455, 577
582n
- Turkish position, 332–334, 371,
387–388,
409, 443–444, 457, 459,
466, 489–490
- U.A.R. position, 341, 363–364, 442, 500
- U.A.R.-Soviet dispute over, 385–386
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 29, 82, 120n
, 127, 140, 157, 216–218, 390,
480
- aid to Iraqi dissidents, 382–388, 390, 478, 489, 517, 523
- Chinese People’s Republic position, 403
- dispute with, 296n
, 351, 408, 418, 421, 458–459, 785
- military intervention by, 313,
489n
,
495, 499, 505
- Mutual Defense Agreement with, 329, 332
- U.S.-U.A.R cooperation, 366,
370–371, 373–374, 376–378, 400, 444
- United Kingdom, relations with, 376,
528
- United States, relations with, 9, 47, 165, 318–319, 335–336, 360–363, 365, 392–393, 451–452, 529
- evacuation of U.S. nationals from, 489–490
- harassment of U.S. personnel, 336–337, 340, 344, 361, 389–390, 397, 424, 441, 444, 468, 522
- improvements in, 477, 505–506, 509–511, 513, 525
- Iraqi position, 357–358, 512–516
- U.S. nationals killed in coup, 315, 319n
, 331, 340, 342–343, 416, 480n
, 514, 516
- U.S. economic aid to, 119, 296n
, 297–298, 525–526
- U.S. military aid to, 22, 196–197, 348–350, 367, 393,
399, 406–407, 417, 530
- aircraft, 55–56, 59–60, 63–64,
289–292, 295–296, 298–300, 304, 463
- British position, 2n
, 289–291, 295–296, 299–300
- Military Assistance Program (MAP), 43–45, 339n
, 340, 349
- U.S. military intervention in, 86, 260, 272,
405, 417, 419, 430, 454–455
- U.S. policy, 30, 249, 366–374, 389–394, 524–530
- U.S.-U.K. Memorandum of Understanding, February
1954, 291
- Western oil boycott, 399–400, 408,
419, 434
- Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), 251–252, 387, 393, 399, 412, 449, 453, 521
- Iraqi Action Group, 507–508
- Irwin, John N., II, 42–45, 63n
, 81, 207n
, 233, 246–247, 291n
, 533n
, 700n
, 766n
- Islam, 154, 495
- Islamic view of, Arab nationalism, 154
-
Ismail, Abdul Qadir, 380
- Israel (see also Israel and Israeli subheadings under
other subjects), 21, 49, 144, 647
- Arab nationalism, 131–132, 139,
141, 146–147, 388
- Arab position, 19, 129, 189,
431
- boundaries, 118, 144, 152, 166, 181,
193
- British overflights of, 77, 86, 102, 137
- economic boycott of, 20, 27
- Ethiopia, relations with, 155, 316, 648
- France, relations with, 15, 31, 90, 192, 269
- Gulf of Aqaba dispute, 28, 52, 54, 194–198, 720, 722–723, 725,
728
- immigration limit proposal, 4–5, 10–12, 20, 27, 118, 152, 155,
193
- Iran, relations with, 155, 276, 572,
647–649
- Iranian-U.A.R. tensions over, 276
- Iraq, relations with, 33, 648
- Jordan, possible collapse of, 181,
185–186,
196, 272
- Jordan, relations with, 90, 100, 103
- military situation, 22, 125
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 316,
728, 760
- Soviet Union, relations with, 8–9, 388
- Sudan, relations with, 316, 648
- Suez Canal, use of, 27–28, 194
- Turkey, relations with, 155, 648
- U.A.R. military conflict with, 88, 194, 468–469
- U.N. role in, 152, 181
- United Kingdom, relations with, 85–86, 347
- United States, relations with, 86, 117–119, 193, 203,
264
- U.S. position, 19–20, 29, 150, 154–155, 271
- water issues, 27–28, 58, 193, 195
- Italy, 31, 216,
446, 809–810
- Jackling, Roger N., 326, 776
- Jamali, Fadhil, 352
- Jamil, Hussein, 379
- Jandrey, Frederick W., 64n
- Japan, 43n
, 91, 375, 407, 444, 534, 545, 752
-
Jawad, Hashim, 342, 379, 451n
, 456,
479–480, 512–516
-
Jernegan, John D., 365n
- Jerusalem issue, 26–27, 179, 181, 193
- Johnson, Maj. Gen. Douglas, 246
- Johnson, Robert H., 260n
- Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S., 213, 258, 261n
, 766
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 5–7, 12–13, 166, 169–170, 173, 177,
179, 186
- Baghdad Pact, 235–236, 245,
280–285
- Iran, 546, 554–560, 562, 565–566, 579,
667–669
- Iraq, 289–290, 307, 401, 410,
433, 435
- Near East, 13, 164–165, 171–174, 183
- U.S.-British joint military planning, 224n
, 225,
233–235
-
Jomard, Abdul Jabar, 200, 319n
, 327, 335n
, 339n
, 342–343, 347–348, 356n
, 361
-
Jones, G. Lewis, 4n
, 238n
, 251–253, 259–260, 280n
, 479–480, 491, 575n
, 656, 660n
, 700n
, 751n
,
757n
, 765
- Baghdad Pact, 227, 229–230, 241–245, 246–247
- Iran, 645–647, 651, 654–657, 679n
, 693n
, 701–704
- Iraq, 484–486, 488–489, 512–515
- Muscat and Oman, 790–791, 794–795
- Yemen, 815–816, 818–819
-
Jones, John Wesley, 2n
-
Jones, Owen T., 2n
, 238n
, 326, 615n
, 619, 635n
, 679n
- Jordan (see also Jordan and Jordanian subheadings under
other subjects):
- Arab nationalism, 4, 29–30, 88, 139, 388
- Bilateral Agreement of Cooperation with the United States, 64
- British economic and military aid to, 272, 299
- British military intervention in, 71,
74, 76–77, 85–86, 133, 308, 310, 317–318, 326
- British position, 218, 320
- collapse of, possible, 181, 185–186, 196, 272
- economic situation, 137, 180
- Iraq, relations with, 336, 472, 513,
517, 523, 527
- Israel, relations with, 90, 100, 103
- Israeli position, 308, 316
- military situation, 22, 50, 89, 310, 313
- Palestinian refugees, 28, 41, 102
- political situation, 110, 123, 138,
218
- Saudi economic aid to, 298, 725, 728
- Syria, relations with, 29, 137
- U.A.R. membership for, 36, 310
- U.A.R. position, 76, 88, 370
- U.N. role in, 86, 100, 160
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 184–185, 296n
, 311, 322,
468–469
- United Kingdom, relations with, 266,
499
- United States, relations with, 9, 47, 117, 264, 266
- U.S. economic and military aid to, 22,
55–60,
63–64,
73, 81,
102, 107, 165, 298, 301
- U.S. military intervention in, 77, 99–102, 319n
- U.S. policy, 30, 196, 271–272
- U.S.-British joint military planning for, 225, 234
- Justice, U.S. Department of, 65, 251
- Kashmir, 179, 237,
568
- Kassim. See
Qassim, Gen. Abdul
Karim
.
-
Kennedy, Donald D., 64n
, 255n
, 619,
679n
-
Kent, Sherman, 597–600, 784–786
- Kerr, Peyton, 679n
,
701n
, 712n
-
Khalil, Abdullah, 50
- Khor al Udaid, 737–738
-
Khrushchev, Nikita S., 82, 86–87, 217, 425, 446, 509, 514, 628, 671
- Iran, 280, 577–578, 642, 646,
653–655,
690–691,
699, 704
- visit to the United States, September 1959,
238, 649–650, 652–653
- Kia, Gen. Haji Ali, 538
-
Knapp, J. Burke, 619
-
Knight, Robert H., 227, 235–236, 466, 660n
, 764n
- Knowland, William F., 75
-
Kohler, Foy, 93n
, 96n
, 645n
, 652n
- Korea, Republic of, 43n
,
683, 696n
-
Kubba, Ibrahim, 379, 396, 398, 476, 503
- Kurdistan, 566, 583
- Kurds:
- Iranian, 90, 362, 461, 577, 583,
599, 601–603, 607, 683
- Iraqi, 305, 357, 376, 443, 446,
458, 473–474
- Soviet support for, 216–218, 345–346, 352,
424, 566
- U.A.R. position, 566, 568
- Kuwait (see also Kuwait and Kuwaiti subheadings under
other subjects), 87–88, 90, 139, 213, 774–782
- Arab League, 137, 779, 780n
, 781,
785
- British military intervention in, 83,
93–95,
119, 129–130, 134, 152
- British role in, 77, 102–103, 137, 225,
317, 774, 776–780, 784–785, 787–789
- Iraq, relations with, 415, 430, 453,
527
- Israeli position, 316
- oil, 157, 213n
, 251–252, 752
-
OPEC membership for, 276, 278–279
- U.A.R. membership for, 36, 310
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 88, 125, 370, 782
- Kuwait Oil Company, 251, 784n
- Kuwait, Sheikh of. See
Abdullah ibn Salim Al Sabah.
-
Lakeland, William C., 331n
, 339n
, 348n
, 368n
, 378n
, 509n
- Lardner, Lynford A., 460, 463, 467, 469
-
Laskey, Denis S., 35, 233, 326, 411, 776
-
Lathram, L. Wade, 800n
-
Lawson, Edward B., 316–317
-
Lay, James S., Jr., 17, 114n
, 125n
, 171n
,
175n
, 187, 248, 261n
, 275n
, 249, 438n
, 605, 672n
, 676n
, 681
- Lazard Freres, 550, 552
- Lebanon (see also Lebanon and Lebanese subheadings under
other subjects), 21, 24, 28, 29, 64, 110, 161, 201, 226, 731
- Arab nationalism, 88, 139, 264
- British military intervention in, 218,
304–306,
309
- French military intervention in, 304,
309
- Iraq, relations with, 216, 336, 407,
517, 527
- Israeli position, 308, 316
- military situation, 89, 309–310
- political situation, 50, 89, 123–124, 732
- Saudi position, 731–732
- Syrian aid to rebels in, 79–80
- threat to:
- U.A.R. position, 88, 129, 370
- U.N. role in, 82, 101, 159–160, 306
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 124, 216, 303, 311
- United States, relations with, 9, 47, 117, 264–265
- U.S. economic and military aid to, 22,
55–57,
59–60,
63–64,
81, 299
- U.S. military intervention in, 71–74, 77, 85, 107, 218, 313,
315, 318, 777
- Indian position, 80, 91
- Iranian position, 570–572, 577
- Lebanese position, 372–373, 787
- Near East, effect on, 87–91, 93
- Soviet position, 129, 133
- troop withdrawals, 111, 159–160
- U.S. public opinion on, 431–432
- U.S. policy, 29–31, 197, 272–273
-
Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman, 339n
- Libya (see also Libya and Libyan subheadings under other
subjects), 81–82, 85, 88,
91, 110, 142, 217, 316
- Arab nationalism, 139, 147, 149,
189, 211
- oil, 266, 275–276, 278, 752,
761
- U.S.-British joint military planning for, 225–226
-
Linquist, Maj. Gen. Roy E., 559n
, 560, 616n
, 617n
-
Lloyd, Selwyn, 1–2, 34–35, 72–73, 76–77, 216–218, 233–235, 317n
, 646–647, 721
- Baghdad Pact, 112, 246n
, 254
- Iraq, 60n
, 289, 291,
294–297,
299, 320, 411–413
- Kuwait, 83, 93n
, 776–778
-
Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 87, 535–537, 540
- Logan, Donald, 326, 776
- London Declaration, July 1958, 111, 113–114, 126, 173, 208–209, 614, 616, 623, 629, 639
- Loudon, J.H., 285
-
Macmillan, Harold, 42, 56, 63n
, 64–66, 112, 290, 301–302, 641, 787
-
Macomber, William B., Jr., 74, 96n
- Mahdawi, Col. Fadhil, 396, 462, 476, 481, 487, 497, 503, 507
- Majali, Gen. Habis, 312
- Majidian, Ahmad, 712n
- Mak, Dayton S., 410
-
Malik, Charles, 56–57
- Mallory, Lester D., 255n
- Mann, Thomas C., 280
-
Marcy, Carl, 645n
, 649n
, 696–698
-
Martin, Edwin M., 255–256, 703, 712n
-
Martin, Graham, 167n
-
Mathews, Elbert G., 93n
, 96n
, 158,
227–228, 331n
- Mattei, Enrico, 213, 278
-
McBride, Robert H., 233
-
McClelland, Roswell D., 289n
, 300n
, 335n
, 339n
-
McClintock, Robert A., 204, 309
-
McCloy, John J., 1–2, 35
- McCone, John A., 404, 449
-
McElroy, Neil H., 47, 72, 81, 85–86, 133–134, 155, 186, 224, 554
- Iraq, 423, 433–436
- Kuwait, 83–84, 776
- Near East, 63, 106, 171, 180
- Persian Gulf, 95, 789
-
McGehee, Gen., 762, 764–765, 769
- McSweeney, John M., 700n
- Mecca pilgrimages, 131, 720
- Meir, Golda, 316
-
Menderes, Adnan, 33, 111, 208, 237–240, 311, 461, 584
-
Merchant, Livingston T., 233, 243, 245–246, 248–249, 255, 256n
, 501, 666, 788n
- Meroz, Yohanan, 346
- Mewshaw, Franklin L., 535n
-
Meyer, Armin H., 259n
, 378n
, 478, 484n
, 488, 745n
, 754, 757n
, 762n
, 764n
,
772–773, 794n
, 815n
- Middle East Economic Development Fund, 1–2, 25, 35, 130
- Middle East Resolution, March 1957. See
Eisenhower Doctrine.
- Middle East. See
Near East.
- Middle East Treaty Organization. See
Baghdad Pact.
- Miklos, Jack C., 703n
-
Mikoyan, Anastas I., 364, 510, 628
- Military Air Transport Service (MATS), 107,
754
- Military Assistance Program (MAP), 239, 339n
, 340, 349, 742, 755
-
Miner, Robert G., 712n
- Minnich, L. Arthur, Jr., 79n
, 351n
-
Mirza, Maj. Gen. Iskander, 311, 547, 561
- Missiles, 45, 47,
80, 219
- Mohammed V of Morocco, 353n
- Moqadam, Reza, 712n
- Morehouse, Charlotte M., 322n
- Morocco, 10–11, 91, 110, 149, 189, 211, 407, 527
-
Morris, Willie, 301, 326, 411, 776
-
Mossadeq, Mohammed, 103, 106, 432–435, 537n
, 675, 678, 689, 697
- Mountbatten, Lord Louis, 233–235
-
Mouser, Grant E., III, 587n
, 622n
, 635n
, 645n
, 649n
, 652n
, 654n
, 655n
, 660n
, 674n
- Mubarak, Abdullah, 776, 781–782
-
Mueller, Frederick H., oil, 275–276
- Muhammad bin Saud, 771–772
- al-Muhsin, Abd, 770–771
-
Murjan, Abd al-Wahhab, 294n
- Murphy, Francis T., 746n
-
Murphy, Robert D., 75, 207n
, 220, 237n
, 238n
, 354n
, 451n
, 456n
, 459, 464n
, 658n
, 660n
,
736
- Baghdad Pact, 229, 235
- Iraq, 333, 335, 348, 468
- Lebanon, 72, 85, 101
- Near East, U.S. policy in, 143–145, 157–162
- Musa’ad bin Abdul Rahman, 772
- Muscat and Oman, 790–795
- Agreements with the United States, 792, 795
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 722,
790–791
- Mutual Security Program (MSP), 57, 72, 81, 239, 444, 581
- Naguib, Gen. Mohammed, 108, 324
- Naif, Hasan, 772
- Nash, John R., 424
- Nasser, Gamal Abdul, 29, 52, 81, 90,
141, 142, 195, 306, 418, 454, 468–469, 782
- Africa, 142, 195, 271, 370
- Arab nationalism, 116, 141–142, 149–150, 153–154, 176
- Arab view of, 49–52, 127, 131
- assassination plots against, 46, 53
- communism, 142, 201, 218–219, 231–232, 264,
375
- Five-Power Resolution, 514n
- Iran, 42, 454, 550, 571–574, 633
- Iraq, 216–219, 307–311, 315,
327–328,
338, 363–364, 366–367, 388, 450,
500
- covert aid to pro-U.A.R. groups, 382–388, 390, 478, 489, 517, 523
- Soviet-U.A.R dispute over, 373, 385–386
- U.A.R. dispute with, 297, 426–427, 432–433, 435, 438–440, 444, 454, 458, 499
- U.S.-U.A.R cooperation, 366,
370–371, 373–374, 376–377, 400
- Iraqi view of, 52, 176, 395–396, 447,
480
- Israel, 219, 317, 347, 647n
- Jordan, 52, 523, 527
- Kuwait, 84, 90, 125, 302, 777,
779, 780n
, 785
- Lebanon, 52, 79, 124, 138
- Saudi Arabia, 715–719, 727,
735, 749, 760, 773, 777
- Soviet support for, 87, 127–128, 133, 135–136, 140,
202
- State visit to Moscow, April–May 1958, 547, 729n
, 730
- Sudan, 52, 176
- Syrian membership in United Arab Republic, 130, 137
-
Theory of Revolution, 35
- Turkey, 219, 424, 454, 461–462
- United Arab Republic, formation of, 33,
36, 39–41
- U.S. view of, 61–63, 145, 148–152, 155–158, 162–165, 167–169, 172, 175–179, 182,
189–190,
195
- Yemen, 796, 798, 805, 811–812
- National Intelligence Estimates (see also Special
National Intelligence Estimates):
-
NIE
30-57, 782n
-
NIE
30-2-57, 6, 17
-
NIE
30-59, 230–232, 260,
262, 481n
, 483,
530
-
NIE
30-60, 286–288
-
NIE
34-59, 634n
, 643–644
-
NIE
34-60, 664–665, 676,
681
-
NIE
36.5-56, 734n
-
NIE
36-58, 61–63
-
NIE
36-60, 249, 260, 262
-
NIE
36.2-60, 516–523, 530
-
NIE
36.6-60, 759–761
- National Security Council (NSC), 252, 307, 429, 467, 484–485, 508, 587n
- actions:
-
1550, 302, 818
-
1753, 6
-
1771, 6,
17
-
1845, 13, 17
-
1855, 39
-
1874, 47
-
1875, 47
-
1906, 547n
-
1951, 109, 125, 134, 154
-
1955, 134, 154
-
1958, 154
-
1973, 156, 175, 180, 182, 187
-
1986, 595
-
1998, 597, 601–602, 604–605
-
1999, 180, 182, 186–187, 193n
-
2003, 186–187
-
2006, 604
-
2021, 364
-
2030, 374
-
2033, 377, 425
-
2065, 405, 425
-
2068, 366n
, 426n
, 437–438, 444–446, 457, 466, 469, 470n
, 484–485, 488, 490, 492–495, 501–502, 508–509
-
2074, 445–446, 469, 488, 492
-
2077, 446
-
2078, 449, 469, 488, 492
-
2080, 260, 262, 275, 277
-
2090, 469
-
2200, 470, 488, 492
-
2233, 490
-
2246, 493
-
2270, 663–664, 672, 676, 680
-
2180, 502, 508
-
2202, 509
-
2225, 673, 676–677, 681
-
2233, 258, 492–493
-
2256, 677, 681
-
2264, 261–262
-
2302, 276
- documents:
-
NSC
2260, 501, 508
-
NSC
5428, 4–6, 17
-
NSC
5702, 18n
, 188n
-
NSC
5703/1, 18n
, 188n
, 547, 588–591, 593, 595–597, 601–602, 604–605
-
NSC
5708/2, 18n
, 188n
, 263n
-
NSC
5801, 4–8, 10, 12–13, 17
-
NSC
5801/1, 4n
, 13–14, 17–32,
114, 125, 154, 162, 167, 171, 175, 182, 187
-
NSC
5810/1, 405–406, 425
-
NSC
5820, 162–175, 177–180, 182–187, 425, 484, 486
-
NSC
5820/1, 187–199, 210, 248–249, 260–263, 364, 366–368, 377, 788–789
-
NSC
5821, 601–602, 604–605
-
NSC
5821/1, 604–615, 663–664, 672–673, 676, 680, 688
-
NSC
5832/1, 229
-
NSC
5909/1, 263n
-
NSC
6010, 263n
, 676–677, 680–688
-
NSC
6011, 259–273, 275
-
NSC
6106, 262n
- meetings:
-
352d, January 22, 1858, 6–14,
17, 796n
-
354th, February 6, 1958, 37–40
-
357th, March 6, 1958, 715
-
358th, March 13, 1958, 46–47
-
360th, March 27, 1958, 724
-
363d, April 24, 1958, 728
-
364th, May 1, 1958, 800
-
365th, May 8, 1958, 547n
-
373d, July 28, 1959, 97n
, 100–109, 778
-
375th, August 7, 1959, 137–138
-
376th, August 15, 1958, 585
-
377th, August 21, 1958, 154–156, 585, 734
-
379th, September 18, 1958, 341, 590n
, 591–595
-
380th, September 25, 1958, 341, 736
-
381st, October 3, 1958, 341
-
383d, October 16, 1958, 175–180, 348, 597
-
384th, October 30, 1958, 182–187
-
386th, November 13, 1958, 600–605
-
390th, December 11, 1958, 356
-
391st, December 18, 1958, 363–364
-
392d, December 23, 1958, 372–374
-
393d, January 15, 1959, 375–377
-
394th, January 22, 1959, 625, 807–808
-
395th, January 29, 1959, 377–378
-
396th, February 15, 1959, 380–381, 638, 781n
-
397th, February 26, 1959, 642
-
398th, March 5, 1959, 394
-
399th, March 12, 1959, 394
-
400th, March 26, 1959, 218–219, 644n
-
401st, April 2, 1959, 401n
, 402
-
402d, April 17, 1959, 414n
, 423–437, 813
-
403d, April 23, 1959, 441, 784n
, 813
-
404th, April 30, 1959, 443–445
-
405th, May 7, 1959, 446–449
-
406th, May 13, 1959, 220–221, 450–451, 748, 814n
-
407th, May 21, 1959, 458–459, 469n
, 814n
-
408th, May 28, 1959, 462n
-
409th, June 4, 1959, 464n
-
410th, June 18, 1959, 469–470
-
412th, July 9, 1959, 471n
-
413th, July 13, 1959, 472, 645
-
414th, July 23, 1959, 474
-
419th, September 17, 1959, 654
-
420th, October 1, 1959, 488–490
-
423d, November 5, 1959, 492–493
-
426th, December 1, 1959, 493
-
428th, December 10, 1959, 494–495
-
430th, January 7, 1960, 662–664
-
432d, January 14, 1960, 501–502
-
436th, March 10, 1960, 669
-
438th, March 24, 1960, 508–509
-
440th, April 7, 1960, 510, 671–673
-
444th, May 9, 1960, 257–258
-
446th, May 31, 1960, 675
-
449th, June 30, 1960, 676–678, 681
-
451st, July 15, 1960, 260–262
-
452d, July 21, 1960, 762
-
453d July 25, 1960, 690–691, 762
-
457th, August 25, 1960, 696n
-
459th, 699
-
460th, September 21, 1960, 275–277
- Planning Board, 135–136
- Navy, U.S., 244
- Near East, 1, 26, 48, 86,
88, 105–106, 140, 733
- Arab nationalism, 50, 53–54, 62, 138–142, 164,
190
- British role in, 19, 35, 55–56, 266, 550–551
- communism in, 21, 88, 265, 267
- definition of, 263n
, 286n
- economic situation, 2–3, 23–24, 267–268
- Iranian position, 103, 120, 550–551, 566
- neutralization of, 158n
, 160–161, 191
- oil, 64–71,
122, 213–215, 232, 249,
255–256,
286–288,
574, 788–789
- Pakistani position, 103, 120
- radio broadcasts, jamming of, 101,
104, 106, 109
- self-determination, 123–124, 127,
132
- Soviet policy, 15–16, 18–19, 62, 80, 91–92, 265, 453, 574
- Soviet role in, 21, 133, 164,
190
- Soviet threat to, 81n
, 147–148
- U.N. role in, 123, 150, 152,
192
- U.S. economic aid to, 5, 26, 119–120, 130,
190–191
- U.S. military aid to, 5, 25–26, 42–45, 59–60, 63–64, 173, 183,
191, 268
- U.S. policy, 4–5, 18–32, 103, 145–152, 154–158, 187–199, 259–273, 524–530, 554
- U.S. propaganda efforts in, 76, 80–82, 269–270
- U.S.-British cooperation in, 175–176, 192,
224–226,
233–235,
259, 266, 269, 270–271
-
Nehru, Jawaharlal, 155, 514n
, 654–655, 670
- Neutralism, 5, 12–13, 29,
135, 164, 180, 190, 264–265
-
Newsom, David D., 93n
, 158n
, 210n
, 289n
, 292n
, 326, 714n
, 716n
, 717n
, 719n
, 720, 724n
, 725n
, 729n
,
736n
, 745n
, 790n
, 808n
- Nickerson, Albert L., 214
-
Nixon, Richard M., 10–11, 13, 81–82, 84–85, 87, 106, 131–133, 374, 724
- Baghdad Pact, 205n
, 207–208
- Iraq, 86, 321, 423, 425–430, 432, 435–436, 438,
445, 467, 494–495
- Nkrumah, Kwame, 98, 514n
-
Noon, Firoz Khan, 111, 535, 577
- North Africa, 47, 142, 147, 220, 249, 266
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 43–44, 91,
105, 121, 147, 245, 269
- Ministerial meetings:
- Paris, December 1958, 360n
- Washington, April 1959, 411n
- Turkish position, 227, 634
- Northern Tier. See
Baghdad Pact; Iran;
Pakistan; Turkey.
- Nuclear energy. See
Atomic energy.
-
Nuri Said. See
Said, Nuri
.
- Nussbaum, 657n
- Oasis Oil Company, 278
- Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization (OCDM), 164–165, 172–174, 177, 179–180
- Office of Defense Mobilization (ODM), 7, 65, 66n
- Offshore procurement, 55, 60, 291n
, 299
- Oil, 1, 141, 214, 775
- alternate energy sources, 220–221, 279,
286
- Arab nationalism, 135, 161–162, 270
- Arab Petroleum Conference, Cairo, April
1959, 214–215
- British dependence on, 98, 102, 119
- British-U.S. consultations, 255–256
- concessions, foreign:
- international cartel antitrust suit, 251–253, 257–258
- Iran, 130–131, 546, 549, 565,
567, 599, 609
- Iraq, 80, 511, 521
- meetings:
- Arab Petroleum Conference, Cairo, April
1959, 214–215
- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
conference, Baghdad, September 1960,
274
- nationalization of, 128, 574, 785–786
- pipelines, 58, 65, 70–71, 103
- Soviet threat to, 213n
, 257–258, 444
- transport of, 64–71, 88
- Western access to, 31, 117, 122,
146–148,
232, 249
- Western boycott of Iraq, 399–400, 408,
419, 434
- Western European dependence on, 9, 152, 180,
193–194,
220–221,
259, 266
- Okinawa, 75, 83,
95, 107
- Oman, Inner, 773, 793
- Oman, Sultanate of. See
Muscat and Oman.
- Operations Coordinating Board (OCB), 186–187, 389–394, 511, 798n
, 815, 818
- Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), 70, 581
- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 185, 214–215, 274, 276–280, 279
- Ormsby Gore, David, 233
- Pachachi, Adnan, 379
-
Pahlevi, Mohammed
Reza, 134, 567, 574, 603, 671, 676
- Afghanistan, 659, 674
- assassination plots, 583, 590, 595,
644
- Baghdad Pact, 229–230, 237,
250, 254
- economic situation in Iran, 549–552, 680n
, 695,
700, 713
- elections, 696–697
- Iraq, 311, 504, 522, 577, 583–588, 599,
606, 674, 683
- Lebanon, 90, 570–572, 577
- military buildup in Iran, 533–534, 540,
580–581,
610–611,
622–624
- military situation in Iran, 616n
, 634–635
- oil, 546, 549
- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 215
- Pakistani-Iranian unification, 546–547, 551, 561,
568
- political situation in Iran, 549, 605–608, 664–665, 682–684, 692–699, 712
- Qarani affair, 537n
, 538, 541–542, 548–549, 582
- reforms, internal, 591–592, 594–601, 606–607, 612
- Soviet Union, 532, 599, 641–642, 645–649, 654,
657, 691
- State visits:
- Japan, June 1958, 534, 545
- United States, June–July 1958, 535n
, 561–575
- Western Europe, May 1959, 446
- successors to, possible, 688–690
- United Arab Republic (UAR), 218, 568, 599
- U.S. contact with Iranian dissidents, 553
- U.S. economic aid to Iran, 74, 552–553, 615–619
- U.S. military aid to Iran, 73, 546, 552–553, 575–577, 615–619, 658–663, 666–667, 674–675
- U.S. view of, 540, 589–590, 687
- U.S-Iranian relations, 37–38
- Pakistan (see also Pakistan and Pakistani subheadings
under other subjects). 2n
, 80, 124, 568, 722
- Bilateral Agreement of Cooperation with the United States, 121, 205n
, 206,
208, 212, 223–224, 229, 236, 633n
, 638–640
- India, relations with, 72, 241, 640
- Iran, relations with, 568, 594, 602,
608, 630
- Iran, unification with, 546–547, 551,
568, 593, 609, 613, 685
- military situation, 37, 668
- neutralization of, 144, 161
- Soviet Union, relations with, 280–282, 660
- Soviet-Iranian non-aggression pact, 634, 637
- United States, relations with, 31, 237, 535n
, 540
- U.S. military aid to, 43, 72, 228, 284n
, 533, 555,
581, 648
- Palestine issue, 2n
, 3–5, 7, 179, 181
- refugees, 10–11, 13, 16, 19, 28, 41, 102, 133, 181, 193,
203, 504
- Pan-Arabism. See under
Arab nationalism.
-
Parker, Richard B., 360
- Patterson, John T., 179–180, 405
-
Pegov, Nikolai M., 533, 577, 582, 626n
, 641, 655, 699
- Persian Gulf (see also
Gulf states; Bahrein; Kuwait; Qatar; Trucial
States), 83–84, 119, 129–131, 134, 788–789
- Persian Gulf States. See
Gulf States.
-
Persons, Gen. Wilton B., 72, 401n
- Peterson, Avery F., 255n
- Petroleum Development, Oman, Ltd., 793
-
Picher, Lt. Gen. Oliver
Stanton, 245
- Pineau, Christian, 1
- Poland, 92, 628
-
Powell, Richard, 233–235
- Propaganda:
- Iranian, 568
- Iraqi, 219, 295, 296n
, 297–298, 336–337, 344
- Soviet, 200, 239–240, 242, 415,
641, 645, 657
- United Arab Republic (UAR), 322, 327, 458,
527, 566
- U.S. position, 144, 159, 191,
198–199,
571n
- Prud’homme, Hector, 619
-
Qadir, Manzur, 241
-
Qarani, Gen. Valiollah, 537–539, 541, 542n
, 549
-
Qassim, Gen. Abdul
Karim (see also
Qassim
government under Iraq), 71, 307, 339–341, 397, 403, 409, 417, 451n
, 456–458, 527
- assassination attempts against, 385,
482, 489–494, 496, 504,
517
- British view of, 409, 439, 442,
445, 499–500
- communism, 219, 381–388, 462n
, 471–472, 475–478, 481–482, 503, 509–510, 518
- Iraqi military support for, 440, 519–520
- Kuwaiti view of, 779, 785
- leadership failure of, 496–497, 503–505, 507,
511, 517–518, 520, 523
- political situation in Iraq, 208, 341, 352–353, 486–488
- U.A.R.-Iraqi relations, 216–219, 390,
411–412,
426–427,
432, 444, 449, 477
- U.S. view of, 323–324, 363–364, 380–384, 434,
447–449,
496–499
- U.S.-Iraqi relations, 318–319, 335n
, 357–358, 361–362, 433, 451,
468
- Qatar, 93–95, 774–775
- Qavam, 696
- al-Qazzaz, Sa’id, 306, 487
- Quantico Conference, 225
-
Quarles, Donald A., 7–8, 12, 98–99,
178–179, 183, 364
- Queen Soraya, 536, 549
- al-Quitami, Jassim, 779
-
Rafiq. See
Arif, Lt. Gen. Mohammad
Rafiq
.
- Rahman, Prince Abdul, 817
- Railroads, 206–207, 209–210,
242, 254, 651n
, 656
-
Ramsey, Henry C., 788n
- Randall, Clarence B., 16, 276
- Rathbone, Monroe J., 278
-
Raymond, Col. John M., 158, 255n
-
Reid, Ogden Rogers, 647–649
-
Reinhardt, G. Frederick, 42n
, 72, 81, 93n
, 96n
, 98, 238n
, 331n
, 533n
, 579n
, 788n
, 815
- Reza, Mohammed Ali, 757n
, 758, 772
- Rhodes, Ralph, 214
-
Richards, James P., 21, 460, 465
-
Riddleberger, James W., 816
-
al-Rifai, Samir, 204, 219, 312–314, 373, 403
- Robinson, O. Preston, 110
-
Rockwell, Stuart W., 2n
, 36n
, 48n
, 59, 158n
, 331n
, 335n
, 339n
, 350n
, 355n
, 399n
, 411, 414n
, 690, 725n
, 729n
, 808n
-
Rogers, William P., 257–258
- Rountree Committee. See
Interagency Group on Iraq under
Iraq.
-
Rountree, William M., 2n
, 42n
, 72,
81, 110n
, 205n
, 220, 300n
, 335n
, 339n
, 355n
, 401n
, 423n
, 451n
, 459, 485n
, 533n
, 570, 575n
, 579n
, 587n
, 601n
, 622n
, 639n
, 714n
, 716n
, 717n
, 724n
, 725n
, 729n
- Arab nationalism, 98–99, 210–211
- Baghdad Pact, 96–97
- Gulf states, 93–95
- Iran, 544, 545n
, 588–590, 596, 615–619, 626–627, 635–637
- Iraq, 289–291, 301–302, 325,
331–333,
346–353,
368–371,
378, 456
- Communist threat to, 354n
, 423–433, 435–436, 464–466
- Interagency Group on, 436–437, 441, 446, 460–463, 466–468, 470, 484
- United States, relations with, 342–343, 365, 424–425
- Jordan, 73, 86, 100
- Kuwait, 83–84, 776, 781
- Libya, 85
- Near East, 4–5, 35, 48, 55, 59–60, 63–64, 167–170
- oil, 66n
, 214–215, 788–789
- Pakistani-Iranian unification, 561
- Saudi Arabia, 75, 715, 719–720, 722,
736–738,
742, 744n
, 790–791
- Syrian rebel movement, 303
- Yemen, 796, 798–802
- Rubayi, Maj. Gen. Najib, 309, 335n
, 498, 505
- Rucinski, Joseph, 619
- Russell, Richard, 333
- Saad, Zaki, 721, 747, 772
- Sabbagh, Pao Isa, 768
-
al-Said, Nuri, 20, 33, 35, 292, 300, 301–302, 311, 327, 513
- Arab nationalism, 50, 153
- murder, 71, 218, 307, 310, 315n
, 319,
346
- political situation in Iraq, 294–295, 297,
306, 547
- United Arab Republic (UAR), 34, 36
- Salaa, Saeb, 201
- Saleh, Alayar, 692, 697
- Salem, Elie A., 110n
-
al-Salim, Sabah, 781
- al-Samarra’i, Fa’iq, 353, 380
- Samii, Cyrus, 712n
-
Sandys, Duncan, 224–226, 233
-
Sanger, Richard H., 353n
-
Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz, 77, 98–99, 108, 720–721, 726–728, 736, 749–750, 763–765, 773
- Conflict with Prince Faisal, 745–748, 750,
757–760,
767
- Iraq, 310, 413–414, 416, 733
- political situation in Saudi Arabia, 102, 125, 137–139, 195, 769–773
- Serraj plot, 46, 49, 53, 572, 714–719, 726
- State visits:
- Cairo, August–September 1959, 749
- Washington, January–February 1957,
572
- United Arab Republic (UAR), 730, 734
- U.S. view of, 20, 568, 572
- U.S.-Saudi relations, 29–30, 745–746, 760,
769, 773
- Saudi Arabia (see also Saudi Arabia and Saudi
subheadings under other subjects), 29,
108, 195, 276, 733, 744, 753, 751, 799
- Agreements with the United States, 742, 755, 817
- Arab nationalism, 4, 29–30, 87, 90, 117
- Buraimi dispute, 30–31, 52, 54, 269, 720–722, 725, 727,
738, 773
- coup plots, 762–765
- economic situation, 720–721, 736,
739–740,
749–750,
772–773
- foreign policy, 727–728, 760–761, 773
- Gulf of Aqaba dispute, 720, 722–723, 725, 728
- Iraq, relations with, 407, 527
- Israel, relations with, 316, 728, 760
- Khor al Udaid dispute, 737–738
- neutralism, 144, 728
- oil, 157, 213, 251–252, 727,
729, 749–754, 756–757, 761, 773
- Omani rebels, aid to, 790–791
- political situation, 88, 102, 110,
125, 721, 726–729, 735, 760
- Serraj plot, 46–47, 49–50, 53, 572, 714–719, 726
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 88, 125, 311, 370,
714–719,
724, 749, 773
- United Kingdom, relations with, 30–31, 196, 736–738, 760, 794–795
- United States, relations with, 9, 75, 77, 195
- U.S. economic aid to, 720–721, 745–747, 751,
755
- U.S. military aid to, 22, 30, 195–196, 739–740, 742–745, 754–756, 768n
- Military Assistance Program (MAP), 742, 755
- U.S. military intervention in, 94–95
- U.S. position, 29–30, 165, 271, 568,
759–761
- Saudi Arabian Airlines, 768
-
Savak (Sazeman-e Ettela’at va Amniyat-e
Keshvar), 461, 670,
694
- Sayigh, Da’ud, 518
- Schmidt, Dana Adams, 468
- Schwartz, Harry H., 688n
-
Schwinn, Walter K., 764
-
Scribner, Fred C., Jr., 17, 449, 593–594, 681
- SEATO. See
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.
- Seaton, Fred A., 180
- Sedgwick, Charles, 657
- Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 237, 333, 640
- Serraj, Maj., 719, 729n
- Service, Richard M., 645n
- Shah of Iran. See
Pahlevi, Mohammed Reza.
-
Shanshal, Siddiz, 319n
, 327n
, 335n
, 337, 378n
, 380
- Sharif-Emami, Jafer, 698, 704–705
- Shatta, Ahmad, 772
- Shaw, John F., 66, 746n
- Sheibani, Talaat, 379
- Shell Oil Company, 256–257, 279, 285, 373
- Shiloah, Reuven, 316
- Sidi Mohammed ben Mulai Youssef, 353n
- Sino-Soviet Bloc (see also
China, People’s Republic of; Soviet Union), 265, 557
- Sisco, Joseph J., 645n
- Skofield, Herman T., 410n
- Smith, Bromley, 389n
,
524n
-
Smith, Gerard C., 42n
, 136, 167n
,
248, 325n
, 401n
, 423n
, 587–588, 788–789
-
Smith, James H., Jr., 58, 59n
, 543n
, 800–802
- Socony-Vacuum Oil Company, 757
- Soraya, Queen, 536, 549
- South Asia, 284
- Southeast Asia, 657n
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 43n
, 97, 105, 121, 227, 294n
, 634
- Council meeting, Manila, March 1958, 294n
- Soviet bloc (see also
Soviet Union), 177
- Soviet Union (see also Soviet Union and Soviet
subheadings under other subjects), 10,
92, 117–118, 278, 185, 187, 370, 509, 536, 657
- Spain, 407, 444
- Special National Intelligence Estimates (see also
National Intelligence Estimates):
-
SNIE
30–58, 40–42
-
SNIE
30–1–58, 726–728, 734n
-
SNIE
30–2–58, 87–93, 125
-
SNIE
30–3–58, 138–142, 146n
, 167,
175, 182, 187
-
SNIE
30–4–58, 173,
175, 182, 187
-
SNIE
30–5–58, 782–783
-
SNIE
34–58, 586–588, 591,
595–598,
601, 604, 643n
-
SNIE
36.2–59, 381–388, 439,
453n
, 471n
, 632–635
-
SNIE
36.2–2–59, 442–443, 453n
-
SNIE
36.2–3–59, 453–455, 457
-
SNIE
36.2–4–59, 481–484, 488
-
SNIE
36.2–5–59, 496–499
-
SNIE
36.2/1–59, 439–440, 453n
, 471n
-
SNIE
36.2/2–59, 471,
481
-
SNIE
36.6–58, 734–735
-
SNIE
36.8–58, 806–807
-
SNIE
36.8–59, 813
-
SNIE
71–58, 139n
- Spielman, Henry J., 704n
- Spinelli Mission, 468
-
Sprague, Mansfield D., 59–60, 63–64, 72, 339n
, 545, 593–594
- Staats, Elmer B., 681
- Stalin, Joseph, 79
- Standard Oil Company of Indiana, 213, 331, 546n
, 549, 565, 567
- Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, 213, 257, 277–280, 757n
, 797, 809
-
Stans, Maurice, 180, 183–184, 680n
- Stiles, Col. William A., 467
-
Stoltzfus, William A., Jr., 724n
, 725, 729
-
Stookey, Robert W., 790n
, 792n
- Strategic Air Command (SAC), 107, 766
- Strategic resources, stockpiling of, 68
-
Strauss, Adm. Lewis L., 11
- Sudan (see also Sudan and Sudanese subheadings under
other subjects), 21–22, 24, 50,
81–82, 84, 106, 110, 131, 142, 249, 260–262
- Arab nationalism, 139, 147, 149,
189, 211
- British position, 84–85, 198, 217
- Iraq, relations with, 407, 416
- Israel, relations with, 316, 648
- political situation, 47, 50, 88, 91, 103, 125, 763
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 29, 49, 52, 88, 99, 197
- U.S. policy, 31, 197
- U.S.-British joint military planning for, 225, 234
- water issues, 31, 132, 197
- Suez Canal, 66–67,
777
- crisis of 1956, 19, 22, 54, 141, 146, 219,
266, 321, 522, 774
- Danish ship crisis, 468–469
- Israeli use of, 27–28, 194
- Suez Canal Company, 141
- Sukarno, 514n
- Sultan of Muscat, 722, 794–795
- Surpluses. See
Agricultural surpluses.
- Suwayyil, Ibrahim, 772
- Swihart, James W., 645n
, 790n
-
Symmes, Harrison M., 167n
, 200, 361, 456n
, 460, 464n
, 466, 780
- Syria (see also
United Arab Republic; Syria and
Syrian subheadings under other entries), 2n
, 3, 21–22, 24, 201, 420, 763
- Iraq, effect of Communist control of, 415, 430, 453
- Iraq, relations with, 29, 58, 140, 178, 352
- Jordan, relations with, 29, 137
- Soviet military aid to, 55, 289
- Soviet Union, relations with, 22, 29
- Turkish military intervention in, 88,
90, 577
- United States, relations with, 195,
271
- U.S. position, 2n
, 29, 724n
, 725
- Tabaqchali, Brig., 481, 497
- Talabani, Hussein, 379
- Talal, Prince, 770–771
- Talhuni, Bahjat, 312–313
- Talib, Naji, 378
- Tapline, 756–757
-
Tariki, Abdullah, 750–754, 756–757, 761, 770, 772–773
-
Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 39, 47, 602–603
- Taylor, Maurice F.W., 680
- Terrill, Robert P., 816–818
-
Thacher, Nicholas G., 248, 259n
, 496n
, 765n
- Thompson, Llewellyn, 219
- Tibet, 404–405
- Treasury, U.S. Department of, 13, 151, 163–165, 221, 275n
, 679n
-
Trevelyan, Sir Hugh, 406, 424, 439
- Tripartite Declaration, 1950, 19, 51, 53
- Trucial Coast, 213, 774
-
Tubaishi, Abdullah, 413–414, 714, 716–717
- Tunisia, 52, 54,
110, 149, 189, 211, 275
- Iraq, relations with, 334, 407, 527
- Jews, treatment of, 10–11
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 352
- U.S. economic and military aid to, 57,
81, 130
- Turkey (see also Turkey and Turkish subheadings under
other subjects), 2n
, 37, 75, 499, 568, 685
- Bilateral Agreement of Cooperation with the United States, 121, 205n
, 206,
208, 212, 223–224, 229, 236, 633n
, 638–639
- Iran, relations with, 602, 608, 630
- Iraq, relations with, 480, 507, 522,
528
- Israel, relations with, 155, 648
- neutralization of, 144, 161
- political situation, 208, 254, 522,
528, 696n
- Soviet Union, relations with, 280–282, 691
- Soviet-Iranian non-aggression pact, 634, 637
- Turkish-Iranian railroad, 206–207, 209–210, 242,
254, 651n
, 656
- United States, relations with, 31–33, 443–444, 457,
459, 660
- U.S. economic and military aid to, 43–45, 72, 74, 77, 81–82, 579
- Turkomans, 473–474
-
Twining, Gen. Nathan F., 63, 72, 74, 81, 86, 98–99, 155, 531, 591
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 7, 12, 178–179, 181,
184–185
- Iraq, 325, 430, 445
- Kuwait, 776, 778n
- Lebanon, 85, 107
- Near East, 134, 171, 176, 183
- Saudi Arabia, 75, 83
- United Arab Republic (UAR) (see also Egypt; Syria;
Yemen; United Arab Republic
and UAR subheadings under other
subjects), 75, 130–131, 134, 144, 161, 733
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 88, 194, 468–469
- Aswan Dam, 132, 202, 375
- communism, 373, 375, 628
- formation of, 38, 49, 53, 141
- Iraqi position, 34, 36, 40
- Soviet position, 33, 36, 39–40
- U.S. position, 33–34, 36,
38–42, 61–63, 264
- Iran, relations with, 634, 701
- Iranian position, 568, 571–572, 575
- Iraq, relations with, 29, 82, 120n
, 127,
140, 157, 216–218, 296–297, 303–304, 390,
403, 480, 527
- dispute, 296n
, 322, 351, 408, 418, 421, 458–459, 785
- Iraqi exiles, 517, 523, 527
- mutual defense agreement with, 329, 332
- Iraqi membership in, 93, 137, 325,
332, 369, 423, 438
- Jordan, relations with, 296n
, 311, 468–469
- Jordanian membership in, 36, 310
- Kuwait, relations with, 88, 125, 370,
782
- Kuwaiti membership in, 83, 108, 302,
776–777,
779, 785
- Lebanese membership in, 36, 305–306, 729n
- Lebanon, relations with, 124, 216, 303,
311
- Oil policy, 215, 276
- political situation, 230n
, 231–232
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 88, 125, 311,
370, 714–719, 724, 749,
773
- Saudi position, 34, 36, 438
- Soviet economic and military aid to, 265, 375, 568
- Soviet Union, relations with, 91–92, 110, 133, 177,
195, 202, 773
- Sudan, relations with, 29, 49, 52, 88, 99, 197
- Syrian membership in, 129–130, 137,
176, 178, 232
- Turkish position, 3, 39, 438
- United Kingdom, relations with, 450,
737–738,
804
- United States, relations with, 110,
115, 127–129, 151, 163–165, 169,
176–177,
182, 195
- U.S. economic aid to, 119–120
- U.S. position, 51–53, 249, 271
- U.S. trade with, 404–405
- water issues, 31, 132, 197
- Yemeni membership in, 352, 796–799
- United Arab States (see also
United Arab Republic), 61, 142, 798n
, 801, 803–804
- United Jewish Appeal, 20
- United Kingdom, 64–71, 75, 259, 287
- United Nations Charter, Article 5, 313
- United Nations (UN), 32, 92, 268, 270
- Arab-Israeli Armistice Agreements, 1949,
27, 193
- Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 463
- Emergency Force (UNEF), U.S. position, 5, 12, 27, 193, 195
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 408
- General Assembly, 157, 379
- head of governments meeting, Soviet proposal for, 86–87
- International Labor Organization (ILO), 379, 527
- Iran, 614, 646–647
- Palestine resolution, November 1947, 179, 181
- Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
(UNRWA), 28, 194
- Security Council, 20, 76, 82, 92, 101
- Truce Supervisory Organization (UNTSO), 5, 12, 27, 193
- U.N. Presence Mission, 468
- United States Information Agency (USIA), 82,
298, 410, 436, 463, 469, 508, 603
- United States Information Service (USIS), 344,
392, 507, 525–526
- United States Naval Academy, 546
- Van Fleet, Gen. James A., 569
- Venezuela, 66, 214,
215n
, 275, 276, 278, 285
- Vietnam, Republic of, 43n
- Voice of America (VOA), 73, 298, 408
-
Waggoner, Edward L., 55n
, 300n
, 303n
-
Wahl, Theodore A., 346
-
Wailes, Edward T., 576–578, 582, 616n
, 679, 680n
, 690–691
- Baghdad Pact, 249–250, 624n
- political situation in Iran, 583–584, 588n
, 595–596, 692–695
- Soviet-Iranian non-aggression pact, 626, 629, 635–637
- U.S. economic and military aid to Iran, 615, 617–618, 650,
651–652,
674, 701
- Wallner, Woodruff, 794
-
Walmsley, Walter N., Jr., 4n
-
Warren, Fletcher, 205n
, 206n
, 208, 228n
, 243, 303
- Water issues:
- Helmand River, 254, 608, 656,
659, 685
- Indus River, 237
- Iran-Iraq, 528
- Jordan River, 27–28, 58, 193, 195
- Nile River, 31, 132, 197
- Yarmouk River, 58
-
Waugh, Samuel C., 543–544
- Weeks, Sinclair, 80
- Weir, Michael, 790n
- Weiss, Seymour, 739
- Welch, Leo, 277–280
- West Africa, 220
- Western Aden Protectorate, 808n
- Western Europe, oil dependence, 9, 152, 180, 193–194, 220–221, 259, 266
- Wheat, 203, 521,
703, 809, 814
- Wheelock, S.P., 619n
-
White, Gen. Thomas D., 244, 246–248, 254
- White, Ivan B., 255n
- Whitehouse, Charles S., 205n
- Whitney, John Hay, 217, 233
-
Wilcox, Francis O., 167n
, 326, 645n
, 776
-
Wilkins, Fraser, 537–539, 582n
- Wilkinson, H., 285
- Williams, F. Hayden, 460, 462–463, 766
- Williams, Raymond S., Jr., 251n
-
Wilson, Evan M., 507–508
-
Wilt, Edward J., II, 688n
- Winter, Harvey J., 255n
-
Wisner, Frank, 304–306, 330, 544
- World Bank. See
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(IBRD).
- World Court. See International Court of Justice
(ICJ).
- World Federation of Trade Unions, 526–527
- World War II, 225n
- World War III, 121, 567, 656
- Wright, M.A., 277
-
Wright, Sir Michael, 356–357
-
Wright, Thomas K., 312–314, 328
-
Yassin, Yusuf, 727
- Yatsevich, Col. Gratian, 624
- Yemen (see also
United Arab Republic; Yemen and
Yemeni subheadings under other entries), 21, 30, 273, 425, 806
- Aden border dispute, 31, 192, 269,
800–801
- British-U.A.R. relations in, 804
- Chinese People’s Republic economic aid to, 796n
, 801, 809, 811n
, 814, 817,
819
- Egyptian-Saudi-Yemeni pact, 1955, 799
- Free Yemeni movement, 813
- Saudi position, 725n
, 729n
- Sino-Soviet policy, 816–818
- Soviet economic and military aid to, 16, 265, 796, 800–801, 809,
814, 817, 819
- Soviet Union, relations with, 802,
804, 807, 812–813
- United Kingdom, relations with, 31,
185, 192, 197, 273, 797–798, 808–810
- U.S. consulate, opening of, 730, 792, 808
- U.S. economic aid to, 119, 730, 799–802, 808–810, 815–816, 818–819
- U.S. policy, 13, 31, 185, 197, 273,
725
- U.S.-U.A.R cooperation in, 803–805, 809,
811–812
- Yemen Development Corporation, 808
-
Yost, Charles W., 714n
- Yugoslavia, 311, 407, 628, 810
- Zahedi, Fazlollah, 697
- Zeid, Amir, 329
- Zionism, 10, 19
-
Zorlu, Fatin Rustu, 78, 111, 223, 254, 403, 424, 461–462