Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958–1960, Near East
Region; Iraq; Iran; Arabian Peninsula, Volume XII
Index
- al-Abdi, Gen. Saleh, 396, 478, 495, 498, 505
- Abdul Aziz bin Hassan, 772
- Abdulillah, Crown Prince,
71, 294–295, 297, 303, 307–308, 327
- Abdullah Bin Abdel Rahman, 768–769
- Abdullah ibn Salim Al
Sabah, 125, 278, 776–777, 780n,
781
- Abdullah, Col. Radi, 313
- Adair, Charles W., Jr., 739n
- Adams, R.W., 479
- Aden, 15, 23, 117, 161, 782n,
793, 814
- Adenauer, Konrad, 103, 584
- Afghanistan (see also Afghanistan and Afghan subheadings
under other subjects):
- Baghdad Pact, 96–97, 228–229, 236–237
- Iran, relations with, 284, 608, 642n, 651n, 656,
659, 674, 701
- Iran, unification with, 551, 568, 685
- Israeli position, 648
- Pushtoonistan, 660
- Soviet threat to 239, 241, 254
- Soviet Union, 616–617, 619,
623, 633, 691
- Turkish military aid to, 461
- United States, relations with, 205n, 535n, 540
- Africa, 62, 117,
142, 195, 271, 370
- Afshar-Qasemlu, Amir Khosro, 657
- Agricultural surpluses, 16, 32, 198, 273
- Agriculture, U.S. Department of, 16, 723n
- Ahmad ben Yahya,
185, 729n, 796–797, 799, 801–807, 809–810, 811n, 812–815, 817–819
- Air Force, U.S. (USAF), 244
- Al al-Shaikh family, 772
- Ala, 533n, 534, 535n, 540, 553, 577, 626–627
- Alcock, Robert W., 315, 514n
- Algeria, 51–52, 54, 132, 266, 275–276, 278
- Arab nationalism, 15, 23, 91, 131, 149,
189, 211, 388
- Iraqi position, 33, 513, 515–516
- Ali, Ali Baba, 378n
- Ali, Anwar, 772
- Allen, George, 10–12, 81,
82–83, 84–86, 104–105, 179, 181, 432–433, 462
- Amer, Marshall Hakim, 347
- American Doctrine. SeeEisenhower
Doctrine.
- Amin, Abdul Wahhab, 379
- Amini, Ali, 541–542, 592n
- Amory, Robert, Jr., 675
- al-Amri, Qadhi, 798–799, 801, 803–804, 809
- Anderson, Robert B., 46–47, 80, 130, 133, 260n, 261, 308, 604, 680n, 723
- Ansari, Masud, 626n, 653–655
- Anti-trust cases, 251–253, 257–258
- Arab Development Fund, 130, 203, 268
- Arab League, 157, 178n, 198, 734, 760, 779n, 791, 803
- Iraqi position, 343, 347, 525
- Iraqi-U.A.R. dispute, 411, 426, 433,
465
- Kuwait, 137, 779, 780n, 781, 785
- Arab nationalism (see also Arab unity), 114–115, 138–142, 153, 154, 188, 265, 267
- British position, 54, 116, 388
- Iranian position, 124, 134, 147,
608, 685
- Libya, 139, 147, 149, 189, 211
- oil, 135, 161–162, 270
- pan-Arabism, 62, 107–108, 127, 608,
685
- Saudi Arabia, 4, 29–30, 87, 90, 117
- Soviet support of, 14, 115, 139,
146, 188–189, 210–211, 264
- Sudan, 139, 147, 149, 189, 211
- U.S. position, 29, 83–84, 87, 115–117, 129, 135–136, 145–149, 151, 157,
163–164,
167–169,
172, 176–179, 190, 259
- Arab Petroleum Conference, Cairo, April 1959, 214–215
- Arab Socialist Resurrectionists, 153
- Arab states. See
Near East; individual
countries.
- Arab Union (see alsoIraq;
Jordan), 40–42, 49, 58–59, 86, 298
- Iraqi coup, July 1958, 310, 312–314, 316,
328
- Iraqi position, 50, 71, 293–294
- Jordanian position, 50, 293–294
- Kuwaiti membership in, 108, 134, 295,
301–302
- Saudi position, 716, 724n, 725, 728
- Syrian membership in, 293
- U.A.R. position, 322
- Arab unity (see alsoArab
nationalism), 1, 4, 15, 40–42
- Arab-Iranian rivalry, 134
- Arab-Israeli Armistice Agreements, 1949, 27
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 118, 128, 155–156, 166, 263, 266
- U.N. role in, 27–28, 164, 177, 194
- U.S. position, 7–13, 26–28, 40–45, 128, 150, 163–164, 166,
169, 173, 175, 179, 183–185, 193–194, 259,
265–266,
389
- Arabian-American Oil Co. (ARAMCO), 251–252, 727, 729, 735, 739, 750–751, 753–754, 756–757, 761
- Aram, Abbas, 690–691, 699
- ARAMCO. See Arabian-American Oil Company.
- Ardalan, Ali Qoli, 533n, 534, 540–541, 542n, 570, 592, 657
- Arif, Col. Abd al-Salim Muhammad,
108, 307, 337, 341, 345, 351, 353, 364, 369
- Arif, Lt. Gen. Mohammad
Rafiq, 64, 307, 309, 352n
- Armitage, John A., 704n
- Arms limitations, 117–118, 144, 268
- Army, U.S., 244
- Aryan Union, 609, 685
- Atomic energy, 210, 220, 286, 481
- Atomic weapons, 321, 432, 536, 566, 659
- Attiyyah, Bajhat, 305–306
- Aurand, Captain, 566, 570
- Avner, Yehuda, 316
- Azzam, Abdul Rahman, 720–723, 795
- Baban, Ahmad Mukhtar, 306
- al-Badr ben Ahmad, Crown Prince
Muhammad, 39, 771, 796–798, 802–810, 811n, 812–815
- Baghdad Pact, 42, 210, 242, 243–248, 250, 254, 284, 569, 721
- Arab position, 15, 22, 38
- British position, 112, 121, 244,
246–247
- Combined Military Planning Staff (CMPS), 206–207, 244
- Council meetings:
- Ankara, January 1958, 2, 32–34, 36–39,
43, 531, 534, 564
- Karachi, January 1959, 205, 207–210, 223, 531
- London, July 1958, 78, 85,
97, 103, 111–113, 126, 333, 571n, 639
- Tehran, April 1960, 253–254
- Washington, October 1959, 205n, 206, 208, 221–224, 237–244, 489–490, 656
- Indian position, 96–97, 246
- Iranian membership in, 37–38, 283–284, 535,
611, 687–688, 701
- Iranian position, 243, 563, 565,
589, 608, 624n,
649–650,
652, 685
- Iraq, 30, 75, 97, 208, 228, 311
- coup, July 1958, 311
- membership for, 38, 80, 106, 289, 335n, 393
- military contingency planning against, 228n, 229
- seizure of Pact records, 75
- withdrawal of, 74, 96–97,
104, 111, 120–121, 126, 137, 223–224
- Israeli position, 316
- Military Committee, 243, 247
- Multilateral Technical Assistance Fund, 206, 209
- Pakistani position, 78, 111, 235,
239–240,
243, 249, 283, 535
- Permanent Military Deputies Group (PMDG), 244
- Soviet position, 121, 245, 532n, 633
- tactical nuclear support for, 284n
- Turkish position, 78, 111, 208,
235, 243, 283
- U.A.R. position, 121, 228
- U.S. bilateral treaties with members of, 205n, 206, 208, 212, 223–224, 227,
229, 236
- U.S. position, 126, 208–209, 238–239
- U.S. role in, 96–97, 103–104, 113–114, 121,
227–230,
660
- Iran, effect on, 614, 616, 623
- Iranian position, 78, 111, 222, 235, 237, 245, 249–250
- Joint Chiefs of Staff proposal, 235–236, 280–285
- Bahrein, 774–775, 779
- Bakdash, Khalid, 202, 380, 408
- Bakhtiar, Maj. Gen. Teimur, 648, 670–671, 694–695
- Bandung Conference, 441
- Barco, James W., 1
- Barnes, Robert G., 300n, 339n, 579–581, 800n
- Bartlett, Frederic P., 238n
- Barzani, Mulla Mustafa, 345–346
- Baska, Col. John W., 539
- Baxter, William O., 674n, 679n,
700n
- Becker, Loftus, 96n, 331n, 786–787
- Beckner, Earl R., 93n,
255n, 277
- Bell, John O., 205n, 335n, 619–620, 701n, 739–741, 815n
- Ben Gurion, David, 11, 85, 155, 179, 181, 316–317, 647–649
- Bennsky, George M., Jr., 55n
- Benson, Ezra Taft, 80
- Berding, Andrew H., 233
- Bergin, Adm. Charles K., 59, 63–64, 300n
- Bergus, Donald C., 4n, 55n
- Berlin crisis, 430, 513
- Bermuda Conference, March 1957, 56, 64–66, 176, 290
- Bernau, Phyllis D., 321n, 626n
- Berry, J. Lampton, 110n, 145n, 158–162, 292n, 797
- Bevilacqua, Charles K., 815n
- Bishop, Frederick, 301
- Bissell, Richard, 494–495, 501n
- Black, Eugene, 2, 450, 550n, 619–621
- Boggs, Marion, 100n, 124n, 221, 258, 275n, 363n, 366n, 372n, 443n, 488n, 492n, 493, 494n, 501n, 508n,
644n, 662n, 671n, 676n, 696n, 748
- Bourguiba, Habib ben Ali, 131–132, 332, 434, 527
- Bowling, 696n, 700n, 701n, 704n, 706–711
- Bozorgmehr, Esfandiar, 537–539, 542
- Bracken, Katherine W., 496n
- Brand, Vance, 712n
- Brewer, William D., 93n, 774n, 800n
- Bridges, Styles, 75
- British Petroleum Co. (BP), 252, 256–257, 784n
- British Protectorates. See
Aden; Bahrein; Gulf states; Kuwait; Qatar; Trucial States.
- Brook, Norman, 301
- Brundage, Percival, 17
- Budget, Bureau of the, 221
- Buraimi dispute, 30–31, 52, 54,
269, 720–722, 725, 727, 738, 773
- Burke, Adm. Arleigh A., 245, 400–401
- Burns, Eugene, 315n,
514
- Cabell, Gen. Charles P., 341, 451, 510, 594, 671, 676, 736, 748
- Caccia, Harold, 2, 60n, 217, 233, 246, 299, 301, 411, 738, 790
- Calhoun, John A., 222n,
414n
- Caltex, 370, 373,
757n
- Canada, 65–66
- Carabia, Jose, 315
- CARE (Cooperative for American
Remittances to Everywhere), 51
- Carr, Robert M., 64n
- Cartels, international, 251–253, 257–258
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 135, 155, 579
- Iran, 579, 596, 693n
- Iraq, 307, 353n, 400, 401n, 410,
467, 508
- Saudi Arabia, 762n, 764n, 765n
- Central Treaty Organization (CENTO) (see also
Baghdad Pact), 235n
- al-Chaderchi, Kamel, 345, 353, 379, 518n
- Chamberlain, Neville, 105
- Chamoun, Camille, 20, 50, 57, 73, 89, 101, 132, 305, 571
- U.S. military intervention in Lebanon, 79, 85, 309, 313
- Chapin, Selden, 533n, 537n, 541n, 542n, 543, 548–553
- Chase Manhattan Bank, 1, 550, 552
- Chehab, Gen. Fuad, 73, 89, 101, 124
- China, People’s Republic of, 161, 282, 364, 430
- China, Republic of, 43n,
545, 628
- Cities Services Co., 793
- Clark, Gen. Albert P., 742–745
- Colley, George, Jr., 315, 514n
- Colonialism, 23, 132, 135, 266
- Combined Military Planning Staff (CMPS), 206–207, 244
- Commerce, U.S. Department of, 65, 66n, 220–221
- Congress, U.S., 10–11, 106, 228, 318, 343, 575n
- Coon, Carleton S., 816n
- Cooperative for American Remittances to Everywhere (CARE), 51
- Cotton, 24, 203,
404
- Crawford, William R., Jr., 754–757, 790n, 796, 805, 809, 815n
- Creole Oil Co., 279
- Crown Prince Faisal of Saudi Arabia. SeeFaisal ibn abd al-Aziz.
- Cuba, 364, 425,
816
- Cumming, Hugh S., Jr., 72, 544, 694, 762n, 769–770
- Cutler, Robert, 6–7, 9, 12–16, 39
- Cyprus, 34, 76, 82, 91, 107, 298
- Czechoslovakia, 185, 347, 450, 526
- Dabbagh, Abdullah, 772
- al-Daghestani, Maj. Gen. Ghazi, 309, 337, 352n
- Dale, William N., 301
- Damandji, Col., 318–319
- Davies, Rodger P., 274
- de Gaulle, Gen. Charles, 105, 513, 515
- de Ribbing, Herbert, 794
- Dean, Patrick, 217, 233, 301–302
- Decker, Gen. George H., 245
- Defense, U.S. Department of, 13, 55, 151, 155, 163–165, 170, 258, 575n
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 173, 177, 179
- Baghdad Pact, 45, 207, 235–236, 248,
281
- Iran, 568–569, 579, 615, 655,
659n, 667, 675,
702, 708
- Iraq, 289–291, 307, 401n, 410, 433,
467, 490, 508, 524n
- oil, 65, 66n, 220–221
- Palestine issue, 4–5, 7
- Saudi Arabia, 47, 741, 755, 762n, 764n, 765n, 766
- Dennison, Adm. Robert L., 224–226
- Denny, Adm. Michael M., 325, 776
- Development Loan Fund (DLF), 207, 229–230, 242, 746
- Iran, 534, 548, 565, 580, 616,
619, 621, 651n,
655, 679n, 712
- Diamonds, 278
- Dickson, Marshall, 325, 776
- Dillon, C. Douglas, 4n, 59–60, 74,
167n, 205n, 276, 339n, 485n, 627n,
638, 679n, 703n, 704n, 739, 741n, 788, 789n
- Baghdad Pact, 221–222, 237–239, 241
- Iran, 543, 550n, 619–621, 638, 645,
670, 672
- Iraq, 299, 301–302, 368, 402–405, 444–445, 455,
458–459,
464, 467, 470
- oil, 64–65,
213–214,
279–280,
285
- Turkey, 579, 581n, 638
- Yemen, 800, 815–816, 818
- Dimechkie, Nadim, 57
- Diwan, Rais, 312
- Dixon, Pierson, 721–722
- Djibouti, 131
- Dolgin, George, 255n
- Dorman, John R., 290n, 716n, 719n
- Douglas, James H., 280–281
- Draper Committee, 708
- Dulles, Allen W., 42n, 72, 81, 84,
106, 131, 156, 394, 463n
- Arab nationalism, 98–99, 107–108
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 155, 183
- Iran, 134, 208, 501, 509, 585,
587, 597, 603, 604, 696, 699
- Iraq, 307–311, 341, 348, 375–377, 380–381, 400–401, 462n, 474,
501, 511
- British position, 301, 325, 377–378
- Communist threat to, 403, 423–427, 434, 441, 446, 464, 471n, 472, 478
- harassment of U.S. nationals in, 424, 441
- Qassim government, 108, 333, 492–493
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 217, 219, 404, 489–490
- Jordan, 73–74, 137
- Kuwait, 83–84, 776–777, 781n, 784
- Lebanon, 85, 124, 137
- Libya, 275–276
- Near East, 82, 178
- oil, 213n, 261
- Saudi Arabia, 47, 137, 715, 720, 724,
728, 734
- Soviet-U.A.R relations, 133, 218–219
- United Arab Republic (UAR), 39–40, 137, 715, 734
- Yemen, 180, 185, 796n, 800, 807–808, 813, 814n
- Dulles, John Foster, 56n, 94n, 130,
145n, 156–158, 176–177, 325n, 360, 575n
- Arab nationalism, 98–99, 136
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 7–12, 164, 177, 179,
184–185
- Baghdad Pact, 32–34, 37–39, 42n, 74, 78, 106, 113–114, 126, 205n, 207–209
- Gulf states, 93, 95n
- Iran, 37–39,
532–534,
537–539,
543, 552, 569–570, 588, 596
- Iraq, 102, 307, 321, 336–337
- British position, 301–302, 320, 375, 377–378
- political situation, 83, 331, 333–334, 351–353, 363–364
- U.S. military aid to, 289,
291, 294–296, 299
- Jordan, 73–74, 85–86, 100–102, 180, 317–318
- Kuwait, 93n, 134, 776–778
- Lebanon, 72–74, 79, 85, 101, 308, 570–572
- Near East, 1–5, 35, 48, 55, 76, 157–158, 167, 176, 200
- Persian Gulf, 83–84
- resignation and death of, 423, 425, 461
- Saudi Arabia, 46, 102, 572, 714, 719–725, 768
- Turkey, 75, 579, 581
- United Arab Republic (UAR), 33–34, 36, 127–129, 303, 375,
378
- Eban, Abba, 11, 647
- Ebtehaj, Abol Hassan, 534n, 543, 615, 617–621
- Egypt (see alsoUnited Arab
Republic; Egypt and Egyptian subheadings under
other entries), 21–22, 24, 29,
108, 120, 432–433, 799
- Eilts, Herman F., 205n,
221n, 223n, 229n, 238n, 241n, 751n, 757n, 762n, 764n, 766n, 771n, 794n, 818n
- Eisenhower, Dwight David, 81–82, 109n, 131, 178, 218, 340n, 426n, 546n,
575n
- Afghanistan, 659
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 7, 13–14, 155, 179,
184–186
- Baghdad Pact, 42n, 105,
112–114,
205n, 208–209, 221, 237,
239–241
- British-U.S. relations, 216
- class warfare, 677–678
- heads of governments meeting, Soviet proposal for, 86–87, 514
- Iran, 134, 508–509, 531, 579,
601n, 602–604, 617, 657n, 670,
678
- Soviet non-aggression pact with, 627–629, 631, 640n
- Soviet threat to, 532, 639, 649, 651n, 652, 657–658
- United States, relations with, 533, 552, 566–575, 672–673
- U.S. military aid to, 77, 531, 562, 575–577, 579, 617, 649n, 659–663, 674–675, 700–702
- Iraq, 298, 304, 307, 331, 334,
335n, 363–364, 449–450, 474, 508–509
- British position, 301–302, 441, 445
- Communist threat to, 385n, 399, 401n, 403, 409–410, 419
- U.A.R.-U.S. cooperation, 376–377, 403–404
- United States, relations with, 360, 374, 407
- Jordan, 78n,
100, 317–318
- Kuwait, 83–84, 784n, 787
- Lebanon, 78n,
79, 143,
218, 308, 570–572
- Near East, 63n,
72, 76,
80–82,
106, 133, 156, 183, 555
- oil, 64–66,
130, 221, 260n
- Saudi Arabia, 46, 568, 572, 714n, 715, 729,
733
- Shah visit to the United States, 535n
- State visits:
- Iran, Pakistan, and Turkey, December
1959, 240, 253, 652, 658–660, 662–663
- Soviet Union, proposed, 238
- Turkey, 32–33, 74, 77, 579
- United Arab Republic (UAR), 33–34, 36, 82, 218
- Eisenhower, John S.D., 207–208, 240–241, 807n, 812
- Iran, 663n,
671n, 693n, 699, 712
- Iraq, 351n,
361n, 385n, 438–439, 441, 450,
472, 473, 500, 520n, 663n
- Eisenhower Doctrine, 15, 21–22, 28, 46–47, 51, 53, 270, 292, 465n, 786
- Baghdad Pact, 37, 42, 113–114, 126, 564
- Iran, 126, 552, 554–555, 608–609, 624,
651n, 685
- Lebanon, 132, 372
- Elbrick, C. Burke, 301,
326, 776, 778n
- Eliot, Theodore L., Jr., 277n
- Ellis, Athol H., 739n
- Elting, Howard, Jr., 765n
- Energy, alternate sources of, 220–221, 279, 286
- Ente Nazional Idrocarbui (ENI), 797n
- Eqbal, Manuchehr, 111, 237–241, 250, 533n, 534, 598, 617, 641, 656–658, 697–699
- Erhard, Ludwig, 375
- Ethiopia, 31, 82,
131, 198
- Export-Import Bank, 11, 25, 534n, 543–544, 548, 679n, 712, 746
- Ezzi, Ahman Salih, 307
- Fahad bin Abdul Aziz, 772
- Fahad bin Saud, 726, 772
- Fahad, Shaikh, 776
- Faisal ibn abd
al-Aziz, 90, 125, 137–139, 729–734, 743, 751–754, 760–761, 768–771, 790–791
- assumption of powers by, 721, 724, 726–728, 735
- conflict with King Saud, 745–748, 750,
757–760,
767
- coup plots, 762n, 763–765
- economic situation in Saudi Arabia, 736, 739–741
- Faisal II, King, 292, 293n, 300
- Farley, Philip J., 233
- Fawzi, Mahmoud, 200
- Ferguson, Charles B.808
- Fields, Brig. Gen. L.J., 246–247
- Five Power Resolution, 514
- Foreign Ministers Meeting on Germany, July 1959,
645n, 647n
- France, 19, 131,
278, 509, 513
- Frechtling, Louis E., 745n
- Freers, Edward L., 627n
- French Petroleum Company, 252
- Fritzlan, A. David, 201, 204, 353n, 361, 365
- Furnas, Howard, 136n, 210n, 509n
- Gallman, Waldemar J., 359n, 360
- Gannett, Michael R., 243n, 246
- Gates, Thomas S., Jr., 233–235, 490
- al-Gaylani, Rashid Ali, 353–354
- George, W. Lloyd, 306
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 671
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 31, 375, 584, 809–810
- Gleason, S. Everett, 6n, 37n, 46n, 145n, 154n, 175n, 182n, 219, 341, 348, 375n, 378, 402n, 423n, 441, 446n, 469n, 471n, 547n, 591n, 600n, 625, 638, 642, 728, 784n, 800, 808, 813
- Glidden, Harold W., 322–323, 478
- Goodpaster, Brig. Gen. Andrew J.,
72, 81, 98, 222n, 473n, 489n,
491, 653n, 658n
- Grantham, Adm. Elonzo B., Jr.,
246, 674n
- Gray, Gordon, 101, 104–105, 107, 109n, 275,
429, 464n, 466n, 597n
- Iran, 587, 589–594, 601–603, 672, 677
- Iraq, 364, 372, 374, 376, 401–402, 441,
446, 467, 492, 509–510
- Near East, 125–127, 129, 131, 154–156, 175–176, 178,
180–183,
185–186,
248–249
- oil, 220, 257, 260n, 261, 276
- Greece, 91, 96–97, 200, 581
- Greene, Joseph, 95n, 97n, 532n
- Greene, Miles L., Jr., 688n
- Gromyko, Andre A., 646–647, 653, 655
- Gulf of Aqaba dispute, 28, 52, 54, 194–195, 720, 722–723, 725, 728
- Gulf Oil Company, 252, 257, 784n
- Gulf states (see alsoBahrein; Kuwait; Persian Gulf; Qatar; Trucial Coast), 23, 93–95, 144, 370, 738, 783, 774–775
- Hadid, Muhammad, 335n, 345, 361, 379–380, 476, 518n
- Hager, Eric H., 251
- Hagerty, James C., 81, 82n, 531–532
- Halla, Philip J., 460, 463, 467
- Hammarskjöld, Dag, 1–2, 9, 35, 86,
317, 412, 468, 645–646, 794–795
- Handley, William J., 460, 462–463, 467, 469
- Hare, Raymond A., 204, 210, 358, 449, 468, 751n, 757n, 766, 796, 798, 808–812
- Harr, Karl G., Jr., 414n, 547–548, 596, 663
- Hart, Parker T., 457, 460–461, 466, 468, 651, 704n, 739n, 762n, 764n
- Hashemite rule, 329, 499
- Hashim, Ibrahim, 301n
- Hassan, Prince Saif al-Islam, 797, 806–807, 813
- Hawkins, Richard H., Jr., 762n, 767
- Hayter, William, 35, 325, 776
- Heath, Donald R., 76–77, 714n, 716n, 717n, 730–733, 737–738, 749–750, 751n, 752–754, 790–791
- political situation in Saudi Arabia, 726n, 747n, 757–758, 762n, 763, 765n
- U.S. economic and military aid to Saudi Arabia, 742–745, 746n
- U.S.-Saudi relations, 724n, 725, 736, 755
- Hedayat, Gen. Abdollah, 578, 583, 680, 699, 712–713
- Hekmat, Ali Asghar, 223, 553, 576, 578, 631, 632n, 636, 641, 646
- Henderson, Loy, 209, 221n, 330, 541n, 582, 627n, 652n, 654n,
696n, 765n
- Hendryx, Frank, 750, 753, 756
- Herter, Christian A., 145n, 219, 238n, 394, 399n, 509n, 645n, 696n, 716n, 790, 798
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 155–156
- Baghdad Pact, 222, 237, 253–254, 280,
591
- Iran, 508, 587n, 590n, 592, 601–602, 656,
677–678
- Iraq, 299, 324–325, 372, 446,
484, 489, 492, 494–495, 508
- Kuwait, 83, 776
- Near East, 55, 59, 81, 143, 158
- Oil, 64, 65n, 213,
261
- Pakistani-Iranian unification, 561
- Saudi Arabia, 46–47, 768, 769
- Turkey, 219, 489
- United Arab Republic (UAR), 33, 36, 216, 374
- U.S.-British joint military planning, 233, 235
- Herzog, Yaacov, 346–347
- Hitler, Adolf, 105, 129, 573
- Hoegh, Leo A., 220
- Holloway, Adm. James L., Jr., 85
- Holman, Eugene, 213–214
- Hood, Viscount Samuel, 60n, 76, 301–302, 317–318, 320, 325, 411, 737, 776
- Hope, A. Guy, 515
- Hope, John, 233
- Howe, Fisher, 48n, 96n, 158n
- Hoy, Gen., 578, 583
- Hover-Millar, Frederick, 217–218, 233
- Humphrey, George, 81n,
331
- Hussaini, Jamal Bey, 727
- Hussein I, King, 20, 79, 98–100, 104, 138, 204, 218, 293n, 320, 512–513
- Idris el Mahdi es-Senussi, Sayid Mohammed, 108
- Imam of Yemen. SeeAhmad ben
Yahya.
- India (see also India and Indian subheadings under other
subjects), 568
- Pakistan, relations with, 72, 241, 640
- United States, relations with, 228,
236, 535n
- U.S. economic aid to 208, 533, 535–536
- Indo-China, 431–432
- Indonesia, 47, 91,
407
- Interior, U.S. Department of, 65, 66n, 220–221
- Intermediate-range ballistic missies (IRBMs). See
Missiles.
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(IBRD), 1–2, 25, 35, 130, 550n, 616, 620–621, 680, 686, 746
- International Cooperation Agency (ICA), 55,
57–58, 65, 66n, 242, 260, 575n
- Iran, 579, 615, 651n, 655
- Iraq, 410, 457, 463, 511, 525
- Yemen, 800–802, 814–816, 818–819
- International Monetary Fund (IMF), 619, 679, 695, 703, 721, 746
- International Petroleum Company, 280
- Investment Guarantee Program, 392
- Iran (see also Iran and Iranian subheadings under other
subjects):
- Afghanistan, relations with, 284, 608, 642n, 651n, 656,
659, 674, 701
- Afghanistan, unification with, 551,
568, 685
- Agreements with the United States:
- Bilateral Agreement of Cooperation, 105, 121, 205n, 206, 208, 212, 219, 223–224, 227, 229, 236, 633, 638–643, 684, 686, 706
- American University of Tehran, 539,
568
- Arab minority in, 599, 607, 683
- Arab nationalism, 124, 134, 147,
608, 685
- Azerbaijan, 103, 555, 564, 641–642
- Baghdad Pact Atomic Energy Center, 210
- Baghdad Pact. See Iranian subjects under
Baghdad Pact.
- British position, 2n, 225, 234, 630,
646–647,
668, 787n
- communications, 2n, 568, 603
- economic situation, 665, 685–686, 695, 700,
703, 709, 713
- industrial development bank proposal, 550, 552
- taxation, 593, 609
- economic stabilization talks, Washington, June
1960, 679–680
- Firbal Project, 603
- foreign policy of, 608–609, 684–685
- India, relations with, 608, 634, 657n, 685
- Iraq, 457, 459
- attacks by, 651n
- effect of Communist control of, 376, 416, 430, 434, 442, 453
- military intervention in, 311,
313n,
316, 369, 391, 454–455
- threat of, 284, 642n, 659, 674
- Iraq, relations with, 239, 241, 356–357, 362,
365, 480, 507–509, 597, 613, 651n
- Shatt al-Arab dispute, 492,
499, 501, 522, 525, 528, 608, 660, 663n, 669
- Israel, relations with, 155, 276, 572,
647–649
- Jordan, relations with, 499
- Kurdistan, 566, 583
- Kurds, 90, 362, 461, 577, 583,
599, 601–603, 607, 683
- Majlis, 553, 598–599, 671n, 692–693, 696–699
- military planning for, 39, 225, 234,
554, 602
- military situation, 103–104, 565–566, 570,
610n, 686–687, 709–710
- Mossedegh government, 432–434
- Mutual Security Program, 72, 81
- neutralism, 144, 161, 533
- oil, 213, 215, 331, 546, 565,
567, 599, 609, 685, 752
- OPEC membership for, 276, 278–279, 285
- Pakistan, relations with, 568, 594, 602,
608, 630
- Pakistan, unification with, 546–547, 551,
568, 593, 609, 613, 685
- Plan Counterbalance. See under
U.S. military aid below
.
- Plan Organization, 543, 548, 552,
599, 609–610, 621, 679–680, 686,
695n
- political parties:
- political situation, 88, 547–548, 549, 597–600, 605–608, 664–665, 682–684
- elections, 676, 692–699, 712
- Iraq coup, effect of, 583–588, 595–596, 606, 683
- Turkish coup, effect of, 675,
683
- Qarani affair, 537–539, 541–542, 548–549, 582
- reforms, internal, 591–592, 594–601, 606–607, 612,
688
- Soviet non-aggression pact with, 208,
624, 626–632, 634–637, 638, 640,
643, 650
- Soviet Union:
- threat of, 43, 282, 536, 600–603, 614–615, 617n, 641–644, 646–647, 660, 676
- Treaty of Friendship, February
1921, 633, 636–637, 644, 653–654
- Treaty of Guarantee and Neutrality, October 1927, 633,
637
- Soviet Union, relations with, 280–282, 574,
601, 608, 620, 690–691, 699, 704–705
- Turkey, relations with, 602, 608, 630
- Turkish-Iranian railroad, 206–207, 209–210, 242,
254, 651n, 656
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 634, 701
- United Kingdom, relations with, 103,
134
- United States, relations with, 31, 37, 240
- U.S. economic aid to, 74, 82, 242, 531, 552–553, 557–558, 580–581, 610,
686, 703
- U.S. military aid to, 2n, 544–546, 559,
575–577,
581, 666–669, 706–711
- aircraft, 2n, 3, 558, 560, 565, 658, 659n, 666n, 668–669, 702, 708
- airfields, 548, 650, 651n, 658–659, 663, 666n, 669, 707–708
- amount, 72, 228, 548, 552–553, 557–560, 687
- Defense Support, 703–704, 707–712
- Iranian position, 615–616, 674–675
- Military Assistance Program (MAP), 43–45, 556–560, 610n, 702, 708, 710–711
- missiles, 284n, 651n, 652n, 658, 659n, 663, 666n, 668–669, 708
- Plan Counterbalance, 77, 533–534, 540, 579–581, 610–611, 620–624, 674–675, 706–707
- ships, 558, 560, 565, 651n, 652n, 666n, 668, 708
- U.S. policy, 604–605, 672–673, 680–688
- Iranian Consortium, 252
- Iraq (see also Iraq and Iraqi subheadings under other
subjects), 2n,
21, 24, 28, 29, 144, 210, 315n, 328, 379, 450, 475, 481, 510, 526,
- agrarian reform, 503, 521, 529
- agreements with the United States:
- Atomic Energy Cooperation for Civil Uses, May 1957, 393
- Community Welfare, March 1955, 393
- cultural agreements, 448, 526
- Economic Assistance, July 1957,
460
- Economic Development, November
1952, 393
- Mutual Assistance Agreement, April
1954, 393, 460, 463, 465, 529
- Supplemental Sales, April 1955,
460, 465
- Technical Cooperation, April 1951,
393
- Arab nationalism, 4, 29–30, 264
- Baghdad Pact. See Iraqi subjects under
Baghdad Pact.
- British military aid to, 31, 289–291, 377–378, 406, 412,
424, 450, 456–457
- British military intervention in, 310,
313n, 321, 326,
454–455
- British position, 241, 320, 375–376, 395n, 423,
428, 434, 442, 479, 490
- British-U.S. discussions, 391, 427, 429–431, 441,
489–490,
501
- civil war, possibility of, 489, 491, 494–495
- communism, 108, 200–202, 219, 231,
264–265,
395–399
- takeover by, 376, 386–388, 453–455
- threat of, 416, 450, 456–460, 471–472, 474–479, 510, 517
- Iranian position, 241–242, 461, 633, 663
- Soviet position, 442–443
- Turkish position, 241–242, 399, 405, 407, 410, 422–423, 428, 442
- U.S. position, 241–242, 381–388, 399–400, 414–423, 439–440, 444–445
- coup, July 1958, 71, 87, 89, 102, 115, 132,
230n, 231, 307,
310–315,
322–325,
327–328,
732–733
- coup plots, 354–356, 361–362, 365–366, 372,
385
- economic situation, 58, 298, 345,
449, 480, 496, 514, 517, 521–522, 528–529
- French position, 387, 434, 522
- India, relations with, 407, 469
- Interagency Group on Iraq, 436–437, 441, 446,
460–463,
466–470,
484–486,
488–490,
501–502,
508–510
- Iran, relations with, 239, 241, 356–357, 362,
365, 480, 507–509, 597, 613, 651n
- Shatt al-Arab dispute, 340,
492, 499, 501, 522, 525, 528, 608, 660, 663n, 669
- Iranian military intervention in, 311,
313n, 316, 369,
391, 454–455
- Iranian position, 332–334, 371,
387–388,
457, 459, 547, 567, 577
- Israel, relations with, 33, 646, 648
- Israeli position, 310, 346–347, 387–388, 416, 428,
442, 472, 499
- Jordan, relations with, 336, 472, 513,
517, 523, 527
- Jordanian military intervention in, 88,
328, 369, 495, 499, 505, 577
- Jordanian position, 310, 312–314, 332–334, 371, 416,
442
- Kurds, 305, 357, 376, 443, 446,
458
- Soviet support for, 216–218, 345–346, 352, 424
- Turkomans, clashes with, 473–474
- U.S. support for, 362, 365, 369, 373
- Kuwait invasion, possible, 75, 234, 302,
310–311,
527, 786–787
- Lebanon, relations with, 216, 332–334, 407, 517,
527
- military situation, 22, 478, 500
- coup plots, 498, 504, 517
- frontier unrest, 443, 446
- Kirkuk clashes, 473–475, 482, 487, 503, 519
- Mosul revolt, 395–397, 413, 439–440, 481, 487–488, 489n, 519
- Morocco, relations with, 407, 527
- oil, 157, 213n, 213,
215, 331, 449, 511, 521
- internatonal cartel antitrust case, 251–252
- OPEC membership for, 276, 279
- Pakistani position, 86, 126–127, 332–334, 399, 577
- political parties, 486, 518n
- Baath Party of Iraq, 305, 309, 327, 332, 338, 345, 353–354, 380, 384, 476, 495–496, 498, 518
- Communist Party (Ittihad al-Sha’b), 305, 324, 327, 332, 338, 353, 372, 447, 452, 526
- Istiqlal, 337, 353, 380, 476, 518n
- Ittihad al-Sha’b (seeCommunist Party above)
- licensing of, 501, 503, 507, 510, 518
- National Democratic, 338, 345, 353, 379–380, 384, 471, 476, 496n, 518
- political situation, 108, 305–306, 344–345, 352–353, 486–488, 496–498, 520n, 763
- Popular Resistance Force (PRF), 378,
396–397,
415, 440, 460, 464, 475, 486, 498
- Qassim government, 108, 330, 409
- cabinet reshuffle, 378–381, 450–451, 472
- Communist support of, 368,
519–520
- factionalism within, 337–338, 344–346, 351–354
- U.S. position, 196, 366–371
- U.S. recognition of, 82–83, 86,
115–116, 125, 129, 331–334
- Radio Baghdad, 477, 491
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 407,
527
- Saudi position, 310, 334, 371,
413–414,
416, 732–733
- Shatt al-Arab, 340, 492, 499,
501, 522, 525, 528, 608, 660, 663n, 669
- Soviet economic aid to, 265, 415, 419–420, 443,
451, 481, 504, 510–511, 526
- Soviet military aid to, 219, 341, 360,
415, 451, 500, 511, 526, 644n
- Soviet policy, 311, 454–455, 475, 483–484, 522
- Soviet threat to, 91–92, 239, 241, 499
- Soviet Union, relations with, 27, 202, 330,
390, 414
- Soviet-U.A.R. dispute over, 373. 385–386
- Sudan, relations with, 407, 416
- Syria, relations with, 29, 58, 140, 178, 352
- Tunisia, relations with, 334, 407, 527
- Turkey, relations with, 480, 507, 522,
528
- Turkish military intervention in, 75,
85, 88,
90, 307,
311–312,
313n, 316, 369,
391, 454–455, 577582n
- Turkish position, 332–334, 371,
387–388,
409, 443–444, 457, 459,
466, 489–490
- U.A.R. position, 341, 363–364, 442, 500
- U.A.R.-Soviet dispute over, 385–386
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 29, 82, 120n, 127, 140, 157, 216–218, 390,
480
- aid to Iraqi dissidents, 382–388, 390, 478, 489, 517, 523
- Chinese People’s Republic position, 403
- dispute with, 296n, 351, 408, 418, 421, 458–459, 785
- military intervention by, 313,
489n,
495, 499, 505
- Mutual Defense Agreement with, 329, 332
- U.S.-U.A.R cooperation, 366,
370–371, 373–374, 376–378, 400, 444
- United Kingdom, relations with, 376,
528
- United States, relations with, 9, 47, 165, 318–319, 335–336, 360–363, 365, 392–393, 451–452, 529
- evacuation of U.S. nationals from, 489–490
- harassment of U.S. personnel, 336–337, 340, 344, 361, 389–390, 397, 424, 441, 444, 468, 522
- improvements in, 477, 505–506, 509–511, 513, 525
- Iraqi position, 357–358, 512–516
- U.S. nationals killed in coup, 315, 319n, 331, 340, 342–343, 416, 480n, 514, 516
- U.S. economic aid to, 119, 296n, 297–298, 525–526
- U.S. military aid to, 22, 196–197, 348–350, 367, 393,
399, 406–407, 417, 530
- aircraft, 55–56, 59–60, 63–64,
289–292, 295–296, 298–300, 304, 463
- British position, 2n, 289–291, 295–296, 299–300
- Military Assistance Program (MAP), 43–45, 339n, 340, 349
- U.S. military intervention in, 86, 260, 272,
405, 417, 419, 430, 454–455
- U.S. policy, 30, 249, 366–374, 389–394, 524–530
- U.S.-U.K. Memorandum of Understanding, February
1954, 291
- Western oil boycott, 399–400, 408,
419, 434
- Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), 251–252, 387, 393, 399, 412, 449, 453, 521
- Iraqi Action Group, 507–508
- Irwin, John N., II, 42–45, 63n, 81, 207n, 233, 246–247, 291n, 533n, 700n, 766n
- Islam, 154, 495
- Islamic view of, Arab nationalism, 154
- Ismail, Abdul Qadir, 380
- Israel (see also Israel and Israeli subheadings under
other subjects), 21, 49, 144, 647
- Arab nationalism, 131–132, 139,
141, 146–147, 388
- Arab position, 19, 129, 189,
431
- boundaries, 118, 144, 152, 166, 181,
193
- British overflights of, 77, 86, 102, 137
- economic boycott of, 20, 27
- Ethiopia, relations with, 155, 316, 648
- France, relations with, 15, 31, 90, 192, 269
- Gulf of Aqaba dispute, 28, 52, 54, 194–198, 720, 722–723, 725,
728
- immigration limit proposal, 4–5, 10–12, 20, 27, 118, 152, 155,
193
- Iran, relations with, 155, 276, 572,
647–649
- Iranian-U.A.R. tensions over, 276
- Iraq, relations with, 33, 648
- Jordan, possible collapse of, 181,
185–186,
196, 272
- Jordan, relations with, 90, 100, 103
- military situation, 22, 125
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 316,
728, 760
- Soviet Union, relations with, 8–9, 388
- Sudan, relations with, 316, 648
- Suez Canal, use of, 27–28, 194
- Turkey, relations with, 155, 648
- U.A.R. military conflict with, 88, 194, 468–469
- U.N. role in, 152, 181
- United Kingdom, relations with, 85–86, 347
- United States, relations with, 86, 117–119, 193, 203,
264
- U.S. position, 19–20, 29, 150, 154–155, 271
- water issues, 27–28, 58, 193, 195
- Italy, 31, 216,
446, 809–810
- Jackling, Roger N., 326, 776
- Jamali, Fadhil, 352
- Jamil, Hussein, 379
- Jandrey, Frederick W., 64n
- Japan, 43n, 91, 375, 407, 444, 534, 545, 752
- Jawad, Hashim, 342, 379, 451n, 456,
479–480, 512–516
- Jernegan, John D., 365n
- Jerusalem issue, 26–27, 179, 181, 193
- Johnson, Maj. Gen. Douglas, 246
- Johnson, Robert H., 260n
- Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S., 213, 258, 261n, 766
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 5–7, 12–13, 166, 169–170, 173, 177,
179, 186
- Baghdad Pact, 235–236, 245,
280–285
- Iran, 546, 554–560, 562, 565–566, 579,
667–669
- Iraq, 289–290, 307, 401, 410,
433, 435
- Near East, 13, 164–165, 171–174, 183
- U.S.-British joint military planning, 224n, 225,
233–235
- Jomard, Abdul Jabar, 200, 319n, 327, 335n, 339n, 342–343, 347–348, 356n, 361
- Jones, G. Lewis, 4n, 238n, 251–253, 259–260, 280n, 479–480, 491, 575n, 656, 660n, 700n, 751n,
757n, 765
- Baghdad Pact, 227, 229–230, 241–245, 246–247
- Iran, 645–647, 651, 654–657, 679n, 693n, 701–704
- Iraq, 484–486, 488–489, 512–515
- Muscat and Oman, 790–791, 794–795
- Yemen, 815–816, 818–819
- Jones, John Wesley, 2n
- Jones, Owen T., 2n, 238n, 326, 615n, 619, 635n, 679n
- Jordan (see also Jordan and Jordanian subheadings under
other subjects):
- Arab nationalism, 4, 29–30, 88, 139, 388
- Bilateral Agreement of Cooperation with the United States, 64
- British economic and military aid to, 272, 299
- British military intervention in, 71,
74, 76–77, 85–86, 133, 308, 310, 317–318, 326
- British position, 218, 320
- collapse of, possible, 181, 185–186, 196, 272
- economic situation, 137, 180
- Iraq, relations with, 336, 472, 513,
517, 523, 527
- Israel, relations with, 90, 100, 103
- Israeli position, 308, 316
- military situation, 22, 50, 89, 310, 313
- Palestinian refugees, 28, 41, 102
- political situation, 110, 123, 138,
218
- Saudi economic aid to, 298, 725, 728
- Syria, relations with, 29, 137
- U.A.R. membership for, 36, 310
- U.A.R. position, 76, 88, 370
- U.N. role in, 86, 100, 160
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 184–185, 296n, 311, 322,
468–469
- United Kingdom, relations with, 266,
499
- United States, relations with, 9, 47, 117, 264, 266
- U.S. economic and military aid to, 22,
55–60,
63–64,
73, 81,
102, 107, 165, 298, 301
- U.S. military intervention in, 77, 99–102, 319n
- U.S. policy, 30, 196, 271–272
- U.S.-British joint military planning for, 225, 234
- Justice, U.S. Department of, 65, 251
- Kashmir, 179, 237,
568
- Kassim. See
Qassim, Gen. Abdul
Karim
.
- Kennedy, Donald D., 64n, 255n, 619,
679n
- Kent, Sherman, 597–600, 784–786
- Kerr, Peyton, 679n,
701n, 712n
- Khalil, Abdullah, 50
- Khor al Udaid, 737–738
- Khrushchev, Nikita S., 82, 86–87, 217, 425, 446, 509, 514, 628, 671
- Iran, 280, 577–578, 642, 646,
653–655,
690–691,
699, 704
- visit to the United States, September 1959,
238, 649–650, 652–653
- Kia, Gen. Haji Ali, 538
- Knapp, J. Burke, 619
- Knight, Robert H., 227, 235–236, 466, 660n, 764n
- Knowland, William F., 75
- Kohler, Foy, 93n, 96n, 645n, 652n
- Korea, Republic of, 43n,
683, 696n
- Kubba, Ibrahim, 379, 396, 398, 476, 503
- Kurdistan, 566, 583
- Kurds:
- Iranian, 90, 362, 461, 577, 583,
599, 601–603, 607, 683
- Iraqi, 305, 357, 376, 443, 446,
458, 473–474
- Soviet support for, 216–218, 345–346, 352,
424, 566
- U.A.R. position, 566, 568
- Kuwait (see also Kuwait and Kuwaiti subheadings under
other subjects), 87–88, 90, 139, 213, 774–782
- Arab League, 137, 779, 780n, 781,
785
- British military intervention in, 83,
93–95,
119, 129–130, 134, 152
- British role in, 77, 102–103, 137, 225,
317, 774, 776–780, 784–785, 787–789
- Iraq, relations with, 415, 430, 453,
527
- Israeli position, 316
- oil, 157, 213n, 251–252, 752
- OPEC membership for, 276, 278–279
- U.A.R. membership for, 36, 310
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 88, 125, 370, 782
- Kuwait Oil Company, 251, 784n
- Kuwait, Sheikh of. See
Abdullah ibn Salim Al Sabah.
- Lakeland, William C., 331n, 339n, 348n, 368n, 378n, 509n
- Lardner, Lynford A., 460, 463, 467, 469
- Laskey, Denis S., 35, 233, 326, 411, 776
- Lathram, L. Wade, 800n
- Lawson, Edward B., 316–317
- Lay, James S., Jr., 17, 114n, 125n, 171n,
175n, 187, 248, 261n, 275n, 249, 438n, 605, 672n, 676n, 681
- Lazard Freres, 550, 552
- Lebanon (see also Lebanon and Lebanese subheadings under
other subjects), 21, 24, 28, 29, 64, 110, 161, 201, 226, 731
- Arab nationalism, 88, 139, 264
- British military intervention in, 218,
304–306,
309
- French military intervention in, 304,
309
- Iraq, relations with, 216, 336, 407,
517, 527
- Israeli position, 308, 316
- military situation, 89, 309–310
- political situation, 50, 89, 123–124, 732
- Saudi position, 731–732
- Syrian aid to rebels in, 79–80
- threat to:
- U.A.R. position, 88, 129, 370
- U.N. role in, 82, 101, 159–160, 306
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 124, 216, 303, 311
- United States, relations with, 9, 47, 117, 264–265
- U.S. economic and military aid to, 22,
55–57,
59–60,
63–64,
81, 299
- U.S. military intervention in, 71–74, 77, 85, 107, 218, 313,
315, 318, 777
- Indian position, 80, 91
- Iranian position, 570–572, 577
- Lebanese position, 372–373, 787
- Near East, effect on, 87–91, 93
- Soviet position, 129, 133
- troop withdrawals, 111, 159–160
- U.S. public opinion on, 431–432
- U.S. policy, 29–31, 197, 272–273
- Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman, 339n
- Libya (see also Libya and Libyan subheadings under other
subjects), 81–82, 85, 88,
91, 110, 142, 217, 316
- Arab nationalism, 139, 147, 149,
189, 211
- oil, 266, 275–276, 278, 752,
761
- U.S.-British joint military planning for, 225–226
- Linquist, Maj. Gen. Roy E., 559n, 560, 616n, 617n
- Lloyd, Selwyn, 1–2, 34–35, 72–73, 76–77, 216–218, 233–235, 317n, 646–647, 721
- Baghdad Pact, 112, 246n, 254
- Iraq, 60n, 289, 291,
294–297,
299, 320, 411–413
- Kuwait, 83, 93n, 776–778
- Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 87, 535–537, 540
- Logan, Donald, 326, 776
- London Declaration, July 1958, 111, 113–114, 126, 173, 208–209, 614, 616, 623, 629, 639
- Loudon, J.H., 285
- Macmillan, Harold, 42, 56, 63n, 64–66, 112, 290, 301–302, 641, 787
- Macomber, William B., Jr., 74, 96n
- Mahdawi, Col. Fadhil, 396, 462, 476, 481, 487, 497, 503, 507
- Majali, Gen. Habis, 312
- Majidian, Ahmad, 712n
- Mak, Dayton S., 410
- Malik, Charles, 56–57
- Mallory, Lester D., 255n
- Mann, Thomas C., 280
- Marcy, Carl, 645n, 649n, 696–698
- Martin, Edwin M., 255–256, 703, 712n
- Martin, Graham, 167n
- Mathews, Elbert G., 93n, 96n, 158,
227–228, 331n
- Mattei, Enrico, 213, 278
- McBride, Robert H., 233
- McClelland, Roswell D., 289n, 300n, 335n, 339n
- McClintock, Robert A., 204, 309
- McCloy, John J., 1–2, 35
- McCone, John A., 404, 449
- McElroy, Neil H., 47, 72, 81, 85–86, 133–134, 155, 186, 224, 554
- Iraq, 423, 433–436
- Kuwait, 83–84, 776
- Near East, 63, 106, 171, 180
- Persian Gulf, 95, 789
- McGehee, Gen., 762, 764–765, 769
- McSweeney, John M., 700n
- Mecca pilgrimages, 131, 720
- Meir, Golda, 316
- Menderes, Adnan, 33, 111, 208, 237–240, 311, 461, 584
- Merchant, Livingston T., 233, 243, 245–246, 248–249, 255, 256n, 501, 666, 788n
- Meroz, Yohanan, 346
- Mewshaw, Franklin L., 535n
- Meyer, Armin H., 259n, 378n, 478, 484n, 488, 745n, 754, 757n, 762n, 764n,
772–773, 794n, 815n
- Middle East Economic Development Fund, 1–2, 25, 35, 130
- Middle East Resolution, March 1957. See
Eisenhower Doctrine.
- Middle East. See
Near East.
- Middle East Treaty Organization. See
Baghdad Pact.
- Miklos, Jack C., 703n
- Mikoyan, Anastas I., 364, 510, 628
- Military Air Transport Service (MATS), 107,
754
- Military Assistance Program (MAP), 239, 339n, 340, 349, 742, 755
- Miner, Robert G., 712n
- Minnich, L. Arthur, Jr., 79n, 351n
- Mirza, Maj. Gen. Iskander, 311, 547, 561
- Missiles, 45, 47,
80, 219
- Mohammed V of Morocco, 353n
- Moqadam, Reza, 712n
- Morehouse, Charlotte M., 322n
- Morocco, 10–11, 91, 110, 149, 189, 211, 407, 527
- Morris, Willie, 301, 326, 411, 776
- Mossadeq, Mohammed, 103, 106, 432–435, 537n, 675, 678, 689, 697
- Mountbatten, Lord Louis, 233–235
- Mouser, Grant E., III, 587n, 622n, 635n, 645n, 649n, 652n, 654n, 655n, 660n, 674n
- Mubarak, Abdullah, 776, 781–782
- Mueller, Frederick H., oil, 275–276
- Muhammad bin Saud, 771–772
- al-Muhsin, Abd, 770–771
- Murjan, Abd al-Wahhab, 294n
- Murphy, Francis T., 746n
- Murphy, Robert D., 75, 207n, 220, 237n, 238n, 354n, 451n, 456n, 459, 464n, 658n, 660n,
736
- Baghdad Pact, 229, 235
- Iraq, 333, 335, 348, 468
- Lebanon, 72, 85, 101
- Near East, U.S. policy in, 143–145, 157–162
- Musa’ad bin Abdul Rahman, 772
- Muscat and Oman, 790–795
- Agreements with the United States, 792, 795
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 722,
790–791
- Mutual Security Program (MSP), 57, 72, 81, 239, 444, 581
- Naguib, Gen. Mohammed, 108, 324
- Naif, Hasan, 772
- Nash, John R., 424
- Nasser, Gamal Abdul, 29, 52, 81, 90,
141, 142, 195, 306, 418, 454, 468–469, 782
- Africa, 142, 195, 271, 370
- Arab nationalism, 116, 141–142, 149–150, 153–154, 176
- Arab view of, 49–52, 127, 131
- assassination plots against, 46, 53
- communism, 142, 201, 218–219, 231–232, 264,
375
- Five-Power Resolution, 514n
- Iran, 42, 454, 550, 571–574, 633
- Iraq, 216–219, 307–311, 315,
327–328,
338, 363–364, 366–367, 388, 450,
500
- covert aid to pro-U.A.R. groups, 382–388, 390, 478, 489, 517, 523
- Soviet-U.A.R dispute over, 373, 385–386
- U.A.R. dispute with, 297, 426–427, 432–433, 435, 438–440, 444, 454, 458, 499
- U.S.-U.A.R cooperation, 366,
370–371, 373–374, 376–377, 400
- Iraqi view of, 52, 176, 395–396, 447,
480
- Israel, 219, 317, 347, 647n
- Jordan, 52, 523, 527
- Kuwait, 84, 90, 125, 302, 777,
779, 780n, 785
- Lebanon, 52, 79, 124, 138
- Saudi Arabia, 715–719, 727,
735, 749, 760, 773, 777
- Soviet support for, 87, 127–128, 133, 135–136, 140,
202
- State visit to Moscow, April–May 1958, 547, 729n, 730
- Sudan, 52, 176
- Syrian membership in United Arab Republic, 130, 137
- Theory of Revolution, 35
- Turkey, 219, 424, 454, 461–462
- United Arab Republic, formation of, 33,
36, 39–41
- U.S. view of, 61–63, 145, 148–152, 155–158, 162–165, 167–169, 172, 175–179, 182,
189–190,
195
- Yemen, 796, 798, 805, 811–812
- National Intelligence Estimates (see also Special
National Intelligence Estimates):
- NIE
30-57, 782n
- NIE
30-2-57, 6, 17
- NIE
30-59, 230–232, 260,
262, 481n, 483,
530
- NIE
30-60, 286–288
- NIE
34-59, 634n, 643–644
- NIE
34-60, 664–665, 676,
681
- NIE
36.5-56, 734n
- NIE
36-58, 61–63
- NIE
36-60, 249, 260, 262
- NIE
36.2-60, 516–523, 530
- NIE
36.6-60, 759–761
- National Security Council (NSC), 252, 307, 429, 467, 484–485, 508, 587n
- actions:
- 1550, 302, 818
- 1753, 6
- 1771, 6,
17
- 1845, 13, 17
- 1855, 39
- 1874, 47
- 1875, 47
- 1906, 547n
- 1951, 109, 125, 134, 154
- 1955, 134, 154
- 1958, 154
- 1973, 156, 175, 180, 182, 187
- 1986, 595
- 1998, 597, 601–602, 604–605
- 1999, 180, 182, 186–187, 193n
- 2003, 186–187
- 2006, 604
- 2021, 364
- 2030, 374
- 2033, 377, 425
- 2065, 405, 425
- 2068, 366n, 426n, 437–438, 444–446, 457, 466, 469, 470n, 484–485, 488, 490, 492–495, 501–502, 508–509
- 2074, 445–446, 469, 488, 492
- 2077, 446
- 2078, 449, 469, 488, 492
- 2080, 260, 262, 275, 277
- 2090, 469
- 2200, 470, 488, 492
- 2233, 490
- 2246, 493
- 2270, 663–664, 672, 676, 680
- 2180, 502, 508
- 2202, 509
- 2225, 673, 676–677, 681
- 2233, 258, 492–493
- 2256, 677, 681
- 2264, 261–262
- 2302, 276
- documents:
- NSC
2260, 501, 508
- NSC
5428, 4–6, 17
- NSC
5702, 18n, 188n
- NSC
5703/1, 18n, 188n, 547, 588–591, 593, 595–597, 601–602, 604–605
- NSC
5708/2, 18n, 188n, 263n
- NSC
5801, 4–8, 10, 12–13, 17
- NSC
5801/1, 4n, 13–14, 17–32,
114, 125, 154, 162, 167, 171, 175, 182, 187
- NSC
5810/1, 405–406, 425
- NSC
5820, 162–175, 177–180, 182–187, 425, 484, 486
- NSC
5820/1, 187–199, 210, 248–249, 260–263, 364, 366–368, 377, 788–789
- NSC
5821, 601–602, 604–605
- NSC
5821/1, 604–615, 663–664, 672–673, 676, 680, 688
- NSC
5832/1, 229
- NSC
5909/1, 263n
- NSC
6010, 263n, 676–677, 680–688
- NSC
6011, 259–273, 275
- NSC
6106, 262n
- meetings:
- 352d, January 22, 1858, 6–14,
17, 796n
- 354th, February 6, 1958, 37–40
- 357th, March 6, 1958, 715
- 358th, March 13, 1958, 46–47
- 360th, March 27, 1958, 724
- 363d, April 24, 1958, 728
- 364th, May 1, 1958, 800
- 365th, May 8, 1958, 547n
- 373d, July 28, 1959, 97n, 100–109, 778
- 375th, August 7, 1959, 137–138
- 376th, August 15, 1958, 585
- 377th, August 21, 1958, 154–156, 585, 734
- 379th, September 18, 1958, 341, 590n, 591–595
- 380th, September 25, 1958, 341, 736
- 381st, October 3, 1958, 341
- 383d, October 16, 1958, 175–180, 348, 597
- 384th, October 30, 1958, 182–187
- 386th, November 13, 1958, 600–605
- 390th, December 11, 1958, 356
- 391st, December 18, 1958, 363–364
- 392d, December 23, 1958, 372–374
- 393d, January 15, 1959, 375–377
- 394th, January 22, 1959, 625, 807–808
- 395th, January 29, 1959, 377–378
- 396th, February 15, 1959, 380–381, 638, 781n
- 397th, February 26, 1959, 642
- 398th, March 5, 1959, 394
- 399th, March 12, 1959, 394
- 400th, March 26, 1959, 218–219, 644n
- 401st, April 2, 1959, 401n, 402
- 402d, April 17, 1959, 414n, 423–437, 813
- 403d, April 23, 1959, 441, 784n, 813
- 404th, April 30, 1959, 443–445
- 405th, May 7, 1959, 446–449
- 406th, May 13, 1959, 220–221, 450–451, 748, 814n
- 407th, May 21, 1959, 458–459, 469n, 814n
- 408th, May 28, 1959, 462n
- 409th, June 4, 1959, 464n
- 410th, June 18, 1959, 469–470
- 412th, July 9, 1959, 471n
- 413th, July 13, 1959, 472, 645
- 414th, July 23, 1959, 474
- 419th, September 17, 1959, 654
- 420th, October 1, 1959, 488–490
- 423d, November 5, 1959, 492–493
- 426th, December 1, 1959, 493
- 428th, December 10, 1959, 494–495
- 430th, January 7, 1960, 662–664
- 432d, January 14, 1960, 501–502
- 436th, March 10, 1960, 669
- 438th, March 24, 1960, 508–509
- 440th, April 7, 1960, 510, 671–673
- 444th, May 9, 1960, 257–258
- 446th, May 31, 1960, 675
- 449th, June 30, 1960, 676–678, 681
- 451st, July 15, 1960, 260–262
- 452d, July 21, 1960, 762
- 453d July 25, 1960, 690–691, 762
- 457th, August 25, 1960, 696n
- 459th, 699
- 460th, September 21, 1960, 275–277
- Planning Board, 135–136
- Navy, U.S., 244
- Near East, 1, 26, 48, 86,
88, 105–106, 140, 733
- Arab nationalism, 50, 53–54, 62, 138–142, 164,
190
- British role in, 19, 35, 55–56, 266, 550–551
- communism in, 21, 88, 265, 267
- definition of, 263n, 286n
- economic situation, 2–3, 23–24, 267–268
- Iranian position, 103, 120, 550–551, 566
- neutralization of, 158n, 160–161, 191
- oil, 64–71,
122, 213–215, 232, 249,
255–256,
286–288,
574, 788–789
- Pakistani position, 103, 120
- radio broadcasts, jamming of, 101,
104, 106, 109
- self-determination, 123–124, 127,
132
- Soviet policy, 15–16, 18–19, 62, 80, 91–92, 265, 453, 574
- Soviet role in, 21, 133, 164,
190
- Soviet threat to, 81n, 147–148
- U.N. role in, 123, 150, 152,
192
- U.S. economic aid to, 5, 26, 119–120, 130,
190–191
- U.S. military aid to, 5, 25–26, 42–45, 59–60, 63–64, 173, 183,
191, 268
- U.S. policy, 4–5, 18–32, 103, 145–152, 154–158, 187–199, 259–273, 524–530, 554
- U.S. propaganda efforts in, 76, 80–82, 269–270
- U.S.-British cooperation in, 175–176, 192,
224–226,
233–235,
259, 266, 269, 270–271
- Nehru, Jawaharlal, 155, 514n, 654–655, 670
- Neutralism, 5, 12–13, 29,
135, 164, 180, 190, 264–265
- Newsom, David D., 93n, 158n, 210n, 289n, 292n, 326, 714n, 716n, 717n, 719n, 720, 724n, 725n, 729n,
736n, 745n, 790n, 808n
- Nickerson, Albert L., 214
- Nixon, Richard M., 10–11, 13, 81–82, 84–85, 87, 106, 131–133, 374, 724
- Baghdad Pact, 205n, 207–208
- Iraq, 86, 321, 423, 425–430, 432, 435–436, 438,
445, 467, 494–495
- Nkrumah, Kwame, 98, 514n
- Noon, Firoz Khan, 111, 535, 577
- North Africa, 47, 142, 147, 220, 249, 266
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 43–44, 91,
105, 121, 147, 245, 269
- Ministerial meetings:
- Paris, December 1958, 360n
- Washington, April 1959, 411n
- Turkish position, 227, 634
- Northern Tier. See
Baghdad Pact; Iran;
Pakistan; Turkey.
- Nuclear energy. See
Atomic energy.
- Nuri Said. See
Said, Nuri
.
- Nussbaum, 657n
- Oasis Oil Company, 278
- Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization (OCDM), 164–165, 172–174, 177, 179–180
- Office of Defense Mobilization (ODM), 7, 65, 66n
- Offshore procurement, 55, 60, 291n, 299
- Oil, 1, 141, 214, 775
- alternate energy sources, 220–221, 279,
286
- Arab nationalism, 135, 161–162, 270
- Arab Petroleum Conference, Cairo, April
1959, 214–215
- British dependence on, 98, 102, 119
- British-U.S. consultations, 255–256
- concessions, foreign:
- international cartel antitrust suit, 251–253, 257–258
- Iran, 130–131, 546, 549, 565,
567, 599, 609
- Iraq, 80, 511, 521
- meetings:
- Arab Petroleum Conference, Cairo, April
1959, 214–215
- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)
conference, Baghdad, September 1960,
274
- nationalization of, 128, 574, 785–786
- pipelines, 58, 65, 70–71, 103
- Soviet threat to, 213n, 257–258, 444
- transport of, 64–71, 88
- Western access to, 31, 117, 122,
146–148,
232, 249
- Western boycott of Iraq, 399–400, 408,
419, 434
- Western European dependence on, 9, 152, 180,
193–194,
220–221,
259, 266
- Okinawa, 75, 83,
95, 107
- Oman, Inner, 773, 793
- Oman, Sultanate of. See
Muscat and Oman.
- Operations Coordinating Board (OCB), 186–187, 389–394, 511, 798n, 815, 818
- Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC), 70, 581
- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 185, 214–215, 274, 276–280, 279
- Ormsby Gore, David, 233
- Pachachi, Adnan, 379
- Pahlevi, Mohammed
Reza, 134, 567, 574, 603, 671, 676
- Afghanistan, 659, 674
- assassination plots, 583, 590, 595,
644
- Baghdad Pact, 229–230, 237,
250, 254
- economic situation in Iran, 549–552, 680n, 695,
700, 713
- elections, 696–697
- Iraq, 311, 504, 522, 577, 583–588, 599,
606, 674, 683
- Lebanon, 90, 570–572, 577
- military buildup in Iran, 533–534, 540,
580–581,
610–611,
622–624
- military situation in Iran, 616n, 634–635
- oil, 546, 549
- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 215
- Pakistani-Iranian unification, 546–547, 551, 561,
568
- political situation in Iran, 549, 605–608, 664–665, 682–684, 692–699, 712
- Qarani affair, 537n, 538, 541–542, 548–549, 582
- reforms, internal, 591–592, 594–601, 606–607, 612
- Soviet Union, 532, 599, 641–642, 645–649, 654,
657, 691
- State visits:
- Japan, June 1958, 534, 545
- United States, June–July 1958, 535n, 561–575
- Western Europe, May 1959, 446
- successors to, possible, 688–690
- United Arab Republic (UAR), 218, 568, 599
- U.S. contact with Iranian dissidents, 553
- U.S. economic aid to Iran, 74, 552–553, 615–619
- U.S. military aid to Iran, 73, 546, 552–553, 575–577, 615–619, 658–663, 666–667, 674–675
- U.S. view of, 540, 589–590, 687
- U.S-Iranian relations, 37–38
- Pakistan (see also Pakistan and Pakistani subheadings
under other subjects). 2n, 80, 124, 568, 722
- Bilateral Agreement of Cooperation with the United States, 121, 205n, 206,
208, 212, 223–224, 229, 236, 633n, 638–640
- India, relations with, 72, 241, 640
- Iran, relations with, 568, 594, 602,
608, 630
- Iran, unification with, 546–547, 551,
568, 593, 609, 613, 685
- military situation, 37, 668
- neutralization of, 144, 161
- Soviet Union, relations with, 280–282, 660
- Soviet-Iranian non-aggression pact, 634, 637
- United States, relations with, 31, 237, 535n, 540
- U.S. military aid to, 43, 72, 228, 284n, 533, 555,
581, 648
- Palestine issue, 2n, 3–5, 7, 179, 181
- refugees, 10–11, 13, 16, 19, 28, 41, 102, 133, 181, 193,
203, 504
- Pan-Arabism. See under
Arab nationalism.
- Parker, Richard B., 360
- Patterson, John T., 179–180, 405
- Pegov, Nikolai M., 533, 577, 582, 626n, 641, 655, 699
- Persian Gulf (see also
Gulf states; Bahrein; Kuwait; Qatar; Trucial
States), 83–84, 119, 129–131, 134, 788–789
- Persian Gulf States. See
Gulf States.
- Persons, Gen. Wilton B., 72, 401n
- Peterson, Avery F., 255n
- Petroleum Development, Oman, Ltd., 793
- Picher, Lt. Gen. Oliver
Stanton, 245
- Pineau, Christian, 1
- Poland, 92, 628
- Powell, Richard, 233–235
- Propaganda:
- Iranian, 568
- Iraqi, 219, 295, 296n, 297–298, 336–337, 344
- Soviet, 200, 239–240, 242, 415,
641, 645, 657
- United Arab Republic (UAR), 322, 327, 458,
527, 566
- U.S. position, 144, 159, 191,
198–199,
571n
- Prud’homme, Hector, 619
- Qadir, Manzur, 241
- Qarani, Gen. Valiollah, 537–539, 541, 542n, 549
- Qassim, Gen. Abdul
Karim (see also
Qassim
government under Iraq), 71, 307, 339–341, 397, 403, 409, 417, 451n, 456–458, 527
- assassination attempts against, 385,
482, 489–494, 496, 504,
517
- British view of, 409, 439, 442,
445, 499–500
- communism, 219, 381–388, 462n, 471–472, 475–478, 481–482, 503, 509–510, 518
- Iraqi military support for, 440, 519–520
- Kuwaiti view of, 779, 785
- leadership failure of, 496–497, 503–505, 507,
511, 517–518, 520, 523
- political situation in Iraq, 208, 341, 352–353, 486–488
- U.A.R.-Iraqi relations, 216–219, 390,
411–412,
426–427,
432, 444, 449, 477
- U.S. view of, 323–324, 363–364, 380–384, 434,
447–449,
496–499
- U.S.-Iraqi relations, 318–319, 335n, 357–358, 361–362, 433, 451,
468
- Qatar, 93–95, 774–775
- Qavam, 696
- al-Qazzaz, Sa’id, 306, 487
- Quantico Conference, 225
- Quarles, Donald A., 7–8, 12, 98–99,
178–179, 183, 364
- Queen Soraya, 536, 549
- al-Quitami, Jassim, 779
- Rafiq. See
Arif, Lt. Gen. Mohammad
Rafiq
.
- Rahman, Prince Abdul, 817
- Railroads, 206–207, 209–210,
242, 254, 651n, 656
- Ramsey, Henry C., 788n
- Randall, Clarence B., 16, 276
- Rathbone, Monroe J., 278
- Raymond, Col. John M., 158, 255n
- Reid, Ogden Rogers, 647–649
- Reinhardt, G. Frederick, 42n, 72, 81, 93n, 96n, 98, 238n, 331n, 533n, 579n, 788n, 815
- Reza, Mohammed Ali, 757n, 758, 772
- Rhodes, Ralph, 214
- Richards, James P., 21, 460, 465
- Riddleberger, James W., 816
- al-Rifai, Samir, 204, 219, 312–314, 373, 403
- Robinson, O. Preston, 110
- Rockwell, Stuart W., 2n, 36n, 48n, 59, 158n, 331n, 335n, 339n, 350n, 355n, 399n, 411, 414n, 690, 725n, 729n, 808n
- Rogers, William P., 257–258
- Rountree Committee. See
Interagency Group on Iraq under
Iraq.
- Rountree, William M., 2n, 42n, 72,
81, 110n, 205n, 220, 300n, 335n, 339n, 355n, 401n, 423n, 451n, 459, 485n, 533n, 570, 575n, 579n, 587n, 601n, 622n, 639n, 714n, 716n, 717n, 724n, 725n, 729n
- Arab nationalism, 98–99, 210–211
- Baghdad Pact, 96–97
- Gulf states, 93–95
- Iran, 544, 545n, 588–590, 596, 615–619, 626–627, 635–637
- Iraq, 289–291, 301–302, 325,
331–333,
346–353,
368–371,
378, 456
- Communist threat to, 354n, 423–433, 435–436, 464–466
- Interagency Group on, 436–437, 441, 446, 460–463, 466–468, 470, 484
- United States, relations with, 342–343, 365, 424–425
- Jordan, 73, 86, 100
- Kuwait, 83–84, 776, 781
- Libya, 85
- Near East, 4–5, 35, 48, 55, 59–60, 63–64, 167–170
- oil, 66n, 214–215, 788–789
- Pakistani-Iranian unification, 561
- Saudi Arabia, 75, 715, 719–720, 722,
736–738,
742, 744n, 790–791
- Syrian rebel movement, 303
- Yemen, 796, 798–802
- Rubayi, Maj. Gen. Najib, 309, 335n, 498, 505
- Rucinski, Joseph, 619
- Russell, Richard, 333
- Saad, Zaki, 721, 747, 772
- Sabbagh, Pao Isa, 768
- al-Said, Nuri, 20, 33, 35, 292, 300, 301–302, 311, 327, 513
- Arab nationalism, 50, 153
- murder, 71, 218, 307, 310, 315n, 319,
346
- political situation in Iraq, 294–295, 297,
306, 547
- United Arab Republic (UAR), 34, 36
- Salaa, Saeb, 201
- Saleh, Alayar, 692, 697
- Salem, Elie A., 110n
- al-Salim, Sabah, 781
- al-Samarra’i, Fa’iq, 353, 380
- Samii, Cyrus, 712n
- Sandys, Duncan, 224–226, 233
- Sanger, Richard H., 353n
- Saud ibn Abd al-Aziz, 77, 98–99, 108, 720–721, 726–728, 736, 749–750, 763–765, 773
- Conflict with Prince Faisal, 745–748, 750,
757–760,
767
- Iraq, 310, 413–414, 416, 733
- political situation in Saudi Arabia, 102, 125, 137–139, 195, 769–773
- Serraj plot, 46, 49, 53, 572, 714–719, 726
- State visits:
- Cairo, August–September 1959, 749
- Washington, January–February 1957,
572
- United Arab Republic (UAR), 730, 734
- U.S. view of, 20, 568, 572
- U.S.-Saudi relations, 29–30, 745–746, 760,
769, 773
- Saudi Arabia (see also Saudi Arabia and Saudi
subheadings under other subjects), 29,
108, 195, 276, 733, 744, 753, 751, 799
- Agreements with the United States, 742, 755, 817
- Arab nationalism, 4, 29–30, 87, 90, 117
- Buraimi dispute, 30–31, 52, 54, 269, 720–722, 725, 727,
738, 773
- coup plots, 762–765
- economic situation, 720–721, 736,
739–740,
749–750,
772–773
- foreign policy, 727–728, 760–761, 773
- Gulf of Aqaba dispute, 720, 722–723, 725, 728
- Iraq, relations with, 407, 527
- Israel, relations with, 316, 728, 760
- Khor al Udaid dispute, 737–738
- neutralism, 144, 728
- oil, 157, 213, 251–252, 727,
729, 749–754, 756–757, 761, 773
- Omani rebels, aid to, 790–791
- political situation, 88, 102, 110,
125, 721, 726–729, 735, 760
- Serraj plot, 46–47, 49–50, 53, 572, 714–719, 726
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 88, 125, 311, 370,
714–719,
724, 749, 773
- United Kingdom, relations with, 30–31, 196, 736–738, 760, 794–795
- United States, relations with, 9, 75, 77, 195
- U.S. economic aid to, 720–721, 745–747, 751,
755
- U.S. military aid to, 22, 30, 195–196, 739–740, 742–745, 754–756, 768n
- Military Assistance Program (MAP), 742, 755
- U.S. military intervention in, 94–95
- U.S. position, 29–30, 165, 271, 568,
759–761
- Saudi Arabian Airlines, 768
- Savak (Sazeman-e Ettela’at va Amniyat-e
Keshvar), 461, 670,
694
- Sayigh, Da’ud, 518
- Schmidt, Dana Adams, 468
- Schwartz, Harry H., 688n
- Schwinn, Walter K., 764
- Scribner, Fred C., Jr., 17, 449, 593–594, 681
- SEATO. See
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.
- Seaton, Fred A., 180
- Sedgwick, Charles, 657
- Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 237, 333, 640
- Serraj, Maj., 719, 729n
- Service, Richard M., 645n
- Shah of Iran. See
Pahlevi, Mohammed Reza.
- Shanshal, Siddiz, 319n, 327n, 335n, 337, 378n, 380
- Sharif-Emami, Jafer, 698, 704–705
- Shatta, Ahmad, 772
- Shaw, John F., 66, 746n
- Sheibani, Talaat, 379
- Shell Oil Company, 256–257, 279, 285, 373
- Shiloah, Reuven, 316
- Sidi Mohammed ben Mulai Youssef, 353n
- Sino-Soviet Bloc (see also
China, People’s Republic of; Soviet Union), 265, 557
- Sisco, Joseph J., 645n
- Skofield, Herman T., 410n
- Smith, Bromley, 389n,
524n
- Smith, Gerard C., 42n, 136, 167n,
248, 325n, 401n, 423n, 587–588, 788–789
- Smith, James H., Jr., 58, 59n, 543n, 800–802
- Socony-Vacuum Oil Company, 757
- Soraya, Queen, 536, 549
- South Asia, 284
- Southeast Asia, 657n
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 43n, 97, 105, 121, 227, 294n, 634
- Council meeting, Manila, March 1958, 294n
- Soviet bloc (see also
Soviet Union), 177
- Soviet Union (see also Soviet Union and Soviet
subheadings under other subjects), 10,
92, 117–118, 278, 185, 187, 370, 509, 536, 657
- Spain, 407, 444
- Special National Intelligence Estimates (see also
National Intelligence Estimates):
- SNIE
30–58, 40–42
- SNIE
30–1–58, 726–728, 734n
- SNIE
30–2–58, 87–93, 125
- SNIE
30–3–58, 138–142, 146n, 167,
175, 182, 187
- SNIE
30–4–58, 173,
175, 182, 187
- SNIE
30–5–58, 782–783
- SNIE
34–58, 586–588, 591,
595–598,
601, 604, 643n
- SNIE
36.2–59, 381–388, 439,
453n, 471n, 632–635
- SNIE
36.2–2–59, 442–443, 453n
- SNIE
36.2–3–59, 453–455, 457
- SNIE
36.2–4–59, 481–484, 488
- SNIE
36.2–5–59, 496–499
- SNIE
36.2/1–59, 439–440, 453n, 471n
- SNIE
36.2/2–59, 471,
481
- SNIE
36.6–58, 734–735
- SNIE
36.8–58, 806–807
- SNIE
36.8–59, 813
- SNIE
71–58, 139n
- Spielman, Henry J., 704n
- Spinelli Mission, 468
- Sprague, Mansfield D., 59–60, 63–64, 72, 339n, 545, 593–594
- Staats, Elmer B., 681
- Stalin, Joseph, 79
- Standard Oil Company of Indiana, 213, 331, 546n, 549, 565, 567
- Standard Oil Company of New Jersey, 213, 257, 277–280, 757n, 797, 809
- Stans, Maurice, 180, 183–184, 680n
- Stiles, Col. William A., 467
- Stoltzfus, William A., Jr., 724n, 725, 729
- Stookey, Robert W., 790n, 792n
- Strategic Air Command (SAC), 107, 766
- Strategic resources, stockpiling of, 68
- Strauss, Adm. Lewis L., 11
- Sudan (see also Sudan and Sudanese subheadings under
other subjects), 21–22, 24, 50,
81–82, 84, 106, 110, 131, 142, 249, 260–262
- Arab nationalism, 139, 147, 149,
189, 211
- British position, 84–85, 198, 217
- Iraq, relations with, 407, 416
- Israel, relations with, 316, 648
- political situation, 47, 50, 88, 91, 103, 125, 763
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 29, 49, 52, 88, 99, 197
- U.S. policy, 31, 197
- U.S.-British joint military planning for, 225, 234
- water issues, 31, 132, 197
- Suez Canal, 66–67,
777
- crisis of 1956, 19, 22, 54, 141, 146, 219,
266, 321, 522, 774
- Danish ship crisis, 468–469
- Israeli use of, 27–28, 194
- Suez Canal Company, 141
- Sukarno, 514n
- Sultan of Muscat, 722, 794–795
- Surpluses. See
Agricultural surpluses.
- Suwayyil, Ibrahim, 772
- Swihart, James W., 645n, 790n
- Symmes, Harrison M., 167n, 200, 361, 456n, 460, 464n, 466, 780
- Syria (see also
United Arab Republic; Syria and
Syrian subheadings under other entries), 2n, 3, 21–22, 24, 201, 420, 763
- Iraq, effect of Communist control of, 415, 430, 453
- Iraq, relations with, 29, 58, 140, 178, 352
- Jordan, relations with, 29, 137
- Soviet military aid to, 55, 289
- Soviet Union, relations with, 22, 29
- Turkish military intervention in, 88,
90, 577
- United States, relations with, 195,
271
- U.S. position, 2n, 29, 724n, 725
- Tabaqchali, Brig., 481, 497
- Talabani, Hussein, 379
- Talal, Prince, 770–771
- Talhuni, Bahjat, 312–313
- Talib, Naji, 378
- Tapline, 756–757
- Tariki, Abdullah, 750–754, 756–757, 761, 770, 772–773
- Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 39, 47, 602–603
- Taylor, Maurice F.W., 680
- Terrill, Robert P., 816–818
- Thacher, Nicholas G., 248, 259n, 496n, 765n
- Thompson, Llewellyn, 219
- Tibet, 404–405
- Treasury, U.S. Department of, 13, 151, 163–165, 221, 275n, 679n
- Trevelyan, Sir Hugh, 406, 424, 439
- Tripartite Declaration, 1950, 19, 51, 53
- Trucial Coast, 213, 774
- Tubaishi, Abdullah, 413–414, 714, 716–717
- Tunisia, 52, 54,
110, 149, 189, 211, 275
- Iraq, relations with, 334, 407, 527
- Jews, treatment of, 10–11
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 352
- U.S. economic and military aid to, 57,
81, 130
- Turkey (see also Turkey and Turkish subheadings under
other subjects), 2n, 37, 75, 499, 568, 685
- Bilateral Agreement of Cooperation with the United States, 121, 205n, 206,
208, 212, 223–224, 229, 236, 633n, 638–639
- Iran, relations with, 602, 608, 630
- Iraq, relations with, 480, 507, 522,
528
- Israel, relations with, 155, 648
- neutralization of, 144, 161
- political situation, 208, 254, 522,
528, 696n
- Soviet Union, relations with, 280–282, 691
- Soviet-Iranian non-aggression pact, 634, 637
- Turkish-Iranian railroad, 206–207, 209–210, 242,
254, 651n, 656
- United States, relations with, 31–33, 443–444, 457,
459, 660
- U.S. economic and military aid to, 43–45, 72, 74, 77, 81–82, 579
- Turkomans, 473–474
- Twining, Gen. Nathan F., 63, 72, 74, 81, 86, 98–99, 155, 531, 591
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 7, 12, 178–179, 181,
184–185
- Iraq, 325, 430, 445
- Kuwait, 776, 778n
- Lebanon, 85, 107
- Near East, 134, 171, 176, 183
- Saudi Arabia, 75, 83
- United Arab Republic (UAR) (see also Egypt; Syria;
Yemen; United Arab Republic
and UAR subheadings under other
subjects), 75, 130–131, 134, 144, 161, 733
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 88, 194, 468–469
- Aswan Dam, 132, 202, 375
- communism, 373, 375, 628
- formation of, 38, 49, 53, 141
- Iraqi position, 34, 36, 40
- Soviet position, 33, 36, 39–40
- U.S. position, 33–34, 36,
38–42, 61–63, 264
- Iran, relations with, 634, 701
- Iranian position, 568, 571–572, 575
- Iraq, relations with, 29, 82, 120n, 127,
140, 157, 216–218, 296–297, 303–304, 390,
403, 480, 527
- dispute, 296n, 322, 351, 408, 418, 421, 458–459, 785
- Iraqi exiles, 517, 523, 527
- mutual defense agreement with, 329, 332
- Iraqi membership in, 93, 137, 325,
332, 369, 423, 438
- Jordan, relations with, 296n, 311, 468–469
- Jordanian membership in, 36, 310
- Kuwait, relations with, 88, 125, 370,
782
- Kuwaiti membership in, 83, 108, 302,
776–777,
779, 785
- Lebanese membership in, 36, 305–306, 729n
- Lebanon, relations with, 124, 216, 303,
311
- Oil policy, 215, 276
- political situation, 230n, 231–232
- Saudi Arabia, relations with, 88, 125, 311,
370, 714–719, 724, 749,
773
- Saudi position, 34, 36, 438
- Soviet economic and military aid to, 265, 375, 568
- Soviet Union, relations with, 91–92, 110, 133, 177,
195, 202, 773
- Sudan, relations with, 29, 49, 52, 88, 99, 197
- Syrian membership in, 129–130, 137,
176, 178, 232
- Turkish position, 3, 39, 438
- United Kingdom, relations with, 450,
737–738,
804
- United States, relations with, 110,
115, 127–129, 151, 163–165, 169,
176–177,
182, 195
- U.S. economic aid to, 119–120
- U.S. position, 51–53, 249, 271
- U.S. trade with, 404–405
- water issues, 31, 132, 197
- Yemeni membership in, 352, 796–799
- United Arab States (see also
United Arab Republic), 61, 142, 798n, 801, 803–804
- United Jewish Appeal, 20
- United Kingdom, 64–71, 75, 259, 287
- United Nations Charter, Article 5, 313
- United Nations (UN), 32, 92, 268, 270
- Arab-Israeli Armistice Agreements, 1949,
27, 193
- Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 463
- Emergency Force (UNEF), U.S. position, 5, 12, 27, 193, 195
- Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), 408
- General Assembly, 157, 379
- head of governments meeting, Soviet proposal for, 86–87
- International Labor Organization (ILO), 379, 527
- Iran, 614, 646–647
- Palestine resolution, November 1947, 179, 181
- Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East
(UNRWA), 28, 194
- Security Council, 20, 76, 82, 92, 101
- Truce Supervisory Organization (UNTSO), 5, 12, 27, 193
- U.N. Presence Mission, 468
- United States Information Agency (USIA), 82,
298, 410, 436, 463, 469, 508, 603
- United States Information Service (USIS), 344,
392, 507, 525–526
- United States Naval Academy, 546
- Van Fleet, Gen. James A., 569
- Venezuela, 66, 214,
215n, 275, 276, 278, 285
- Vietnam, Republic of, 43n
- Voice of America (VOA), 73, 298, 408
- Waggoner, Edward L., 55n, 300n, 303n
- Wahl, Theodore A., 346
- Wailes, Edward T., 576–578, 582, 616n, 679, 680n, 690–691
- Baghdad Pact, 249–250, 624n
- political situation in Iran, 583–584, 588n, 595–596, 692–695
- Soviet-Iranian non-aggression pact, 626, 629, 635–637
- U.S. economic and military aid to Iran, 615, 617–618, 650,
651–652,
674, 701
- Wallner, Woodruff, 794
- Walmsley, Walter N., Jr., 4n
- Warren, Fletcher, 205n, 206n, 208, 228n, 243, 303
- Water issues:
- Helmand River, 254, 608, 656,
659, 685
- Indus River, 237
- Iran-Iraq, 528
- Jordan River, 27–28, 58, 193, 195
- Nile River, 31, 132, 197
- Yarmouk River, 58
- Waugh, Samuel C., 543–544
- Weeks, Sinclair, 80
- Weir, Michael, 790n
- Weiss, Seymour, 739
- Welch, Leo, 277–280
- West Africa, 220
- Western Aden Protectorate, 808n
- Western Europe, oil dependence, 9, 152, 180, 193–194, 220–221, 259, 266
- Wheat, 203, 521,
703, 809, 814
- Wheelock, S.P., 619n
- White, Gen. Thomas D., 244, 246–248, 254
- White, Ivan B., 255n
- Whitehouse, Charles S., 205n
- Whitney, John Hay, 217, 233
- Wilcox, Francis O., 167n, 326, 645n, 776
- Wilkins, Fraser, 537–539, 582n
- Wilkinson, H., 285
- Williams, F. Hayden, 460, 462–463, 766
- Williams, Raymond S., Jr., 251n
- Wilson, Evan M., 507–508
- Wilt, Edward J., II, 688n
- Winter, Harvey J., 255n
- Wisner, Frank, 304–306, 330, 544
- World Bank. See
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(IBRD).
- World Court. See International Court of Justice
(ICJ).
- World Federation of Trade Unions, 526–527
- World War II, 225n
- World War III, 121, 567, 656
- Wright, M.A., 277
- Wright, Sir Michael, 356–357
- Wright, Thomas K., 312–314, 328
- Yassin, Yusuf, 727
- Yatsevich, Col. Gratian, 624
- Yemen (see also
United Arab Republic; Yemen and
Yemeni subheadings under other entries), 21, 30, 273, 425, 806
- Aden border dispute, 31, 192, 269,
800–801
- British-U.A.R. relations in, 804
- Chinese People’s Republic economic aid to, 796n, 801, 809, 811n, 814, 817,
819
- Egyptian-Saudi-Yemeni pact, 1955, 799
- Free Yemeni movement, 813
- Saudi position, 725n, 729n
- Sino-Soviet policy, 816–818
- Soviet economic and military aid to, 16, 265, 796, 800–801, 809,
814, 817, 819
- Soviet Union, relations with, 802,
804, 807, 812–813
- United Kingdom, relations with, 31,
185, 192, 197, 273, 797–798, 808–810
- U.S. consulate, opening of, 730, 792, 808
- U.S. economic aid to, 119, 730, 799–802, 808–810, 815–816, 818–819
- U.S. policy, 13, 31, 185, 197, 273,
725
- U.S.-U.A.R cooperation in, 803–805, 809,
811–812
- Yemen Development Corporation, 808
- Yost, Charles W., 714n
- Yugoslavia, 311, 407, 628, 810
- Zahedi, Fazlollah, 697
- Zeid, Amir, 329
- Zionism, 10, 19
- Zorlu, Fatin Rustu, 78, 111, 223, 254, 403, 424, 461–462