Foundations of Foreign Policy, 1985
224. Memorandum From Donald Fortier and Stephen Sestanovich of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (McFarlane)
Source: Reagan Library, European and Soviet Affairs Directorate, NSC Records, Subject File, U.S. Foreign Policy; NLR–170–13–48–11–4. Confidential. Sent for information. Copies were sent to Matlock, Sommer, and Dobriansky.
225. Memorandum From Donald Fortier, Stephen Rosen, and Stephen Sestanovich of the National Security Council Staff to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (McFarlane)
Source: Reagan Library, Donald Fortier Files, Subject File, Policy Planning (Second Term) I: [01/01/1984–06/12/1984]. Secret. Sent for action. Rosen initialed for both Fortier and Sestanovich.
227. Memorandum From the Executive Secretary of the Department of State (Platt) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (McFarlane)
Source: Reagan Library, European and Soviet Affairs Directorate, NSC Records, Subject File, U.S. Foreign Policy; NLR–170–13–49–17–7. Secret.
229. Address by the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (Armacost)
Source: Department of State Bulletin, April 1985, pp. 34–37. All brackets are in the original. Armacost spoke before the Far East-America Council/Asia Society.
232. Address by Secretary of State Shultz
Source: Department of State Bulletin, April 1985, pp. 16–21. All brackets are in the original. Shultz spoke before the Commonwealth Club of California. For the text of a question-and-answer session following the address, see ibid., pp. 21–23.
233. Telegram From the Department of State to all Diplomatic and Consular Posts
Source: Department of State, Central Foreign Policy File, Electronic Telegrams, D850129–0272. Confidential; Priority. Sent for information Priority to the Department of Defense, Defense Intelligence Agency, and CINCPAC Honolulu. Sent for information to USNAMR SHAPE, USCINCEUR Vaihingen, CINCUSAFE Ramstein, CINCUSAREUR Heidelberg, USDOCOSOUTH Naples, and CINCUSNAVEUR London. Drafted by David Jones (EUR/CE); cleared by Simons, John Campbell (P), Lowenkron, Michael Klossen (EUR/RPM), Palmer, Dale Herspring (EUR/EEY), John McCarthy (PA), Kimmit, Pearson, R. Bell (DOD/ISP), John Sandstrom (USIA–P/G), Cobbs, Dobriansky, Louise McNutt (EAP), Joyce Lasky Shub (P), Philip Wilcox (ARA/IAI), Thompson (JCS), McKinley, and Krebs; approved by Burt.
235. Memorandum From the Executive Secretary of the Department of State (Platt) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (McFarlane)
Source: Reagan Library, White House Office of Speechwriting, Research Office; NLR–533–1–120–1–4. Confidential. A notation in an unknown hand in the top left-hand corner of the memorandum reads: “Ben—For our 3:00 meeting. Bill.”
236. Talking Points Prepared in the Department of State
Source: Reagan Library, George Shultz Papers, Secretary’s Meeting with the President (03/11/1985). No classification marking; Sensitive. No drafting information appears on the talking points. Shultz met with the President and Regan on March 11 in the Oval Office from approximately 2 until approximately 2:30 p.m. (Reagan Library, President’s Daily Diary) In his personal diary entry for March 11, the President wrote: “Awakened at 4 A.M. to be told Chernenko is dead. My mind turned to whether I should attend the funeral. My gut instinct said no. Got to the office at 9. George S. had some arguments that I should—he lost. I dont think his heart was really in it. George B. is in Geneva—he’ll go & George S. will join him leaving tonight.” (Brinkley, ed., The Reagan Diaries, vol. I, January 1981–October 1985, p. 434) In his memoir, Shultz wrote of the March 11 meeting: “I went to the White House to see President Reagan to go over ideas for the meeting our delegation would have with Gorbachev. There wasn’t a thought in his mind of going to Moscow. I recommended that Vice President Bush deliver a letter to Gorbachev inviting him to the United States. The president agreed.” (Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph, p. 527) The March 11 letter from the President to Gorbachev, which Bush delivered in Moscow on January 13, is in Foreign Relations, 1981–1988, vol. V, Soviet Union, March 1985–October 1986, Document 1.
237. Paper Prepared in the Department of State
Source: Department of State, Executive Secretariat, S/P Files, Memoranda and Correspondence from the Director of the Policy Planning Staff to the Secretary and Other Seventh Floor Principals: Lot 89D149, S/P Chrons 3/1–31/85. Secret; Sensitive. Shultz’s stamped initials appear at the top of the memorandum. Rodman sent the memorandum to Shultz under a March 22 typewritten covering note: “Attached is a ‘game plan’ paper covering the four main issues: US-Soviet, Central America, Middle East, and Southern Africa. Attached also are copies of the papers done by EUR, ARA, NEA, and AF, which I drew upon in doing the ‘game plan’ paper.” Shultz’s stamped initials appear on the covering note; Quinn initialed the covering note and wrote “3/22.” (Ibid.) The attached papers to which Rodman referred in his covering note are an undated paper “Soviet and Alliance Talking Points,” an undated action memorandum from Motley to Shultz, a March 22 paper “Notional Scenario,” an undated paper “Israeli-Jordanian Secret Talks with U.S. Participation,” and a March 6 information memorandum from Wisner to Armacost; all are ibid. A March 8 draft of Rodman’s paper, which Platt sent to Shultz under a March 8 covering memorandum, is in the Reagan Library, Donald Fortier Files, Subject File, Foreign Policy.
239. Address by Secretary of State Shultz
Source: Department of State Bulletin, June 1985, pp. 13–16. All brackets are in the original. Shultz spoke at the Department of State. The Department transmitted the text of Shultz’s address to all East Asian and Pacific diplomatic posts in telegram 126117, April 26. (Department of State, Central Foreign Policy File, Electronic Telegrams, D850290–0429) In his memoirs, Shultz recalled that April 29 “was the tenth anniversary of the fall of Saigon. Should the administration say anything at all on the occasion, and if so, what? The overwhelming weight of opinion, expressed with increasing vehemence, was ‘don’t open old wounds.’ I decided that a speech should be given, and I began to work on a draft, with the help of a few close associates, in a process that often became intense.” Shultz noted that he delivered the address in the diplomatic lobby of the Department, adding: “Emotions ran high. There were both cheers and tears. When it was over, I was wrung out. Reporters asked Ronald Reagan whether I was speaking for the administration in my comments on Vietnam. ‘Damn right he was,’ the president responded.” (Shultz, Turmoil and Triumph, pp. 552 and 553)
240. Address by President Reagan Before a Special Session of the European Parliament
Source: Public Papers: Reagan, 1985, Book I, pp. 581–588. All brackets are in the original. The President spoke at 2:35 in the assembly chamber at the Palais de l’Europe. He was introduced by Pierre Pflimlin, President of the European Parliament. Following the address, the President met with Marcelino Oreja, Secretary General of the Council of Europe. In telegram Secto 9029 from the Secretary’s Delegation in Madrid, May 8, the delegation transmitted the text of a fact sheet regarding the President’s address. (Department of State, Central Foreign Policy File, Electronic Telegrams, D850320–0031) In his personal diary entry for May 8, the President wrote: “I was aware that 38 members [of the European Parliament] out of the 434 had voted that I shouldn’t be allowed to speak, so was not surprised when I was greeted with something of a demonstration. I am the 1st Am. Pres. to ever address the E.P. The pol. coloration of the demonstrators was obvious. They reacted to any criticism of the Soviets—held up signs about Nicaragua etc. I felt it necessary to direct a few comments their way which brought ovations from the majority. My theme was ‘Freedom works,’ and I recognized the near miracle that the Parliament represents.” (Brinkley, ed., The Reagan Diaries, vol. I, January 1981–October 1985, p. 456)
242. Information Memorandum From the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Rodman) to Secretary of State Shultz
Source: Department of State, Executive Secretariat, S/P Files, Memoranda and Correspondence from the Director of the Policy Planning Staff to the Secretary and Other Seventh Floor Principals: Lot 89D149, S/P Chrons 5/1–31/85. Secret. Drafted by Levin; cleared by Kaplan. Staff Assistant Edward Smith initialed for both Levin and Kaplan.
244. Information Memorandum From the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Rodman) to Secretary of State Shultz
Source: Reagan Library, Peter Rodman Files, Department of State Chronological File, Chron 06/27/1985–07/01/1985. Secret; Sensitive. Drafted by Rodman.
245. Information Memorandum From the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Rodman) to Secretary of State Shultz
Source: Department of State, Executive Secretariat, S/P Files, Memoranda and Correspondence from the Director of the Policy Planning Staff to the Secretary and Other Seventh Floor Principals: Lot 89D149, S/P Chrons 7/1–31/85. Confidential. Drafted by Bohlen and Lowenkron.
246. Information Memorandum From the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Rodman) to Secretary of State Shultz
Source: Department of State, Executive Secretariat, S/P Files, Memoranda and Correspondence from the Director of the Policy Planning Staff to the Secretary and Other Seventh Floor Principals: Lot 89D149, S/P Chrons 8/1–31/85. No classification marking. Drafted by Kagan. McKinley initialed the memorandum and wrote “12 Aug.” Shultz’s stamped initials appear at the top of the memorandum. A stamped notation indicates that it was received on August 12 at 4:37 p.m.
247. Talking Points Prepared in the Policy Planning Staff
Source: Department of State, Executive Secretariat, S/P Files, Memoranda and Correspondence from the Director of the Policy Planning Staff to the Secretary and Other Seventh Floor Principals: Lot 89D149, S/P Chrons 9/1–30/85. Secret; Sensitive. Attached to a covering note written in an unknown hand, dated September 4, that reads “Looking Ahead, Spec. Paper for Charlie Hill.” In an August 20 memorandum to all S/P staff, entitled “Looking Ahead: Possible Diplomatic Initiatives,” Rodman indicated that Shultz had “tasked the Policy Planning Staff and the regional bureaus to look ahead to see in what areas of foreign policy we might make progress between now and Christmas if we chose to engage ourselves more.” (Reagan Library, Peter Rodman Files, Department of State Chronological File, Chron 08/09/1985–08/31/1985)
248. Talking Points Prepared in the Policy Planning Staff
Source: Department of State, Executive Secretariat, S/P Files, Memoranda and Correspondence from the Director of the Policy Planning Staff to the Secretary and Other Seventh Floor Principals: Lot 89D149, S/P Chrons 9/1–30/85. No classification marking. Rodman sent the points to Shultz under a September 13 information memorandum, indicating that Shultz could use the points at the September 19 monthly large staff meeting. Rodman added, “The theme is an autumn preview, looking ahead to the big issues on our agenda over the coming months.” (Ibid.) No minutes of the September 19 meeting have been found.
249. Memorandum From Secretary of State Shultz to President Reagan
Source: Reagan Library, George Shultz Papers, Secretary’s Meetings with the President (10/10/1985); NLR–775–18–85–1–8. Secret; Sensitive. Copies were sent to Regan and McFarlane. Hill’s initials appear in the top right-hand corner of the memorandum and are struck-through. The memorandum is also in Foreign Relations, 1981–1988, vol. V, Soviet Union, March 1985–October 1986, Document 88.
250. Memorandum From the Assistant to the President and Director of Communications (Buchanan) to President Reagan
Source: National Security Council, NSC Institutional Files, Box SR 157, McFarlane Personal, 1983–1987, The President’s Handwritten Notes. No classification marking. A stamped notation in the top right-hand corner of the memorandum reads: “The President has seen.”
251. Address by Secretary of State Shultz
Source: Department of State Bulletin, December 1985, pp. 25–27. All brackets are in the original. Shultz spoke before the National Committee on American Foreign Policy after receiving the Hans J. Morgenthau Memorial Award.
252. Action Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs (Ridgway), the Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs (Murphy), and the Director of the Policy Planning Staff (Rodman) to Secretary of State Shultz
Source: Department of State, Executive Secretariat, S/P Files, Memoranda and Correspondence from the Director of the Policy Planning Staff to the Secretary and Other Seventh Floor Principals: Lot 89D149, S/P Chrons 10/1–31/85. Secret; Sensitive. Sent through Armacost. Drafted by Dunbar and Fried; cleared by Palmer, Parris, Burton, and Raphel. Eleanor Endersbee (NEA/EX) initialed for all drafting and clearing officials. Wendy Chamberlin (NEA/RA) also initialed for Raphel. Quinn initialed the memorandum and wrote “10/4.” Bova also initialed the memorandum and wrote “12 Oct.” Next to his initials, Armacost wrote: “I’m not keen about the regional proposal.” Shultz’s stamped initials appear on the memorandum. A notation in an unknown hand, presumably Quinn’s, next to Shultz’s initials reads: “Approved as amended to include mention of Iran-Iraq war—per SECTO 21001.” Reference is to Secto 21001 from the Secretary’s Delegation in Palo Alto, October 12. (Department of State, Central Foreign Policy File, Electronic Telegrams, N850010–0573)
253. Address by President Reagan Before the United Nations General Assembly
Source: Public Papers: Reagan, 1985, Book II, pp. 1285–1290. The President spoke at 10:08 a.m. in the General Assembly Hall at the United Nations. In telegram 327196, October 24, to all diplomatic and consular posts, the Department transmitted the text of the President’s address. (Department of State, Central Foreign Policy File, Electronic Telegrams, D850759–0710) Documentation concerning the drafting of the address is in the Department of State, Executive Secretariat, S/P Files, Memoranda and Correspondence from the Director of the Policy Planning Staff to the Secretary and Other Seventh Floor Principals: Lot 89D149, S/P Chrons 8/1–31/85, and Department of State, Executive Secretariat, S/P Files, Memoranda and Correspondence from the Director of the Policy Planning Staff to the Secretary and Other Seventh Floor Principals: Lot 89D149, S/P Chrons 9/1–30/85. In his personal diary entry for October 24, the President wrote: “This was the big day. Nancy & I went over to the U.N. I addressed the Gen. Assembly & a few thousand U.N. guests. I had to wear my iron undershirt. [. . .] a sizeable group of reps. carry guns. The U.N. refuses to allow any magnetometering or checking of briefcases. My speech went over extremely well. In fact veterans at the U.N. said no western speaker had ever gotten such a warm applause. It was broadcast live & we all agreed that the crowds on the street had been affected by it—they were cheering like for a Super bowl.” (Brinkley, ed., The Reagan Diaries, vol. I, January 1981–October 1985, p. 509; brackets in the original)