Office of the Historian

Persons

    • Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia and Deputy Prime Minister from June 13, 1982
    • Abe Shintaro, Japanese Minister of International Trade and Industry from 1981 until 1982; Japanese Foreign Minister from November 1982
    • Abramowitz, Morton I. “Mort,” U.S. Ambassador to Thailand until July 31, 1981; U.S. Representative to the Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction Talks in Vienna from March 1983; Director, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State, from February 1, 1985; Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research from August 18, 1986
    • Abrams, Elliott, Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs from May 13, 1981, until December 1, 1981; Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs from December 12, 1981, until July 17, 1985; Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs from July 17, 1985, until January 20, 1989
    • Abshire, David M., Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional Relations from April 20, 1970, until January 8, 1973; Chair, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University; member, President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, from October 20, 1981; U.S. Permanent Representative, U.S. Mission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, from July 13, 1983, until January 5, 1987; Special Counselor to the President and White House Coordinator for Iran Inquiries from January 5, 1987
    • Acheson, Dean G., Secretary of State from January 19, 1949, until January 20, 1953
    • Acland, Sir Antony, Permanent Under Secretary of the British Foreign Office
    • Adams, Alvin P., Jr., Special Assistant for Legislative and Public Affairs, Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs, Department of State, until 1981; Director, Secretariat Staff, Executive Secretariat in 1981; Deputy Executive Secretary of the Department of State from July 1981; U.S. Ambassador to Djibouti from July 16, 1983, until August 20, 1985; then Associate Coordinator, Counterterrorism, Department of State
    • Adelman, Kenneth L., senior political scientist, Strategic Studies Center, SRI International; member, Department of State Transition Team, 1980; Deputy Permanent U.S. Representative to the United Nations from August 1981 until January 12, 1983; Director, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, from April 22, 1983, until December 12, 1987
    • Adenauer, Konrad, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 until 1963
    • Ahrens, Moshe, Israeli Ambassador to the United States from 1982 until February 24, 1983; Israeli Minister of Defense from 1983 until 1984; Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1988
    • Aki, Simeon, Cote d’Ivoire Foreign Minister
    • Ali, Kamal Hasan, General, Egyptian Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs
    • Allen, Richard V., chief foreign policy adviser to Ronald Reagan during the 1980 campaign; Senior Adviser, Reagan Transition Team; member, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board; President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs, from January 20, 1981, until January 4, 1982
    • Allin, Lyndon K. “Mort,” Assistant White House Press Secretary/Foreign Affairs, Office of the Press Secretary, from January 20, 1981; Deputy Press Secretary to the President from September 14, 1981, until July 15, 1983
    • Allon, Yigal, Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs until 1977
    • Anderson, Martin, senior fellow, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University; Senior Adviser, Reagan–Bush campaign; Assistant to the President for Policy Development, Office of Policy Development, National Security Council, from January 1981 until March 1, 1982
    • Andreotti, Giulio, Italian Foreign Minister from August 4, 1983
    • Andropov, Yuri, Chairman of the Committee for State Security (KGB) until May 1982; General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from November 12, 1982, until February 9, 1984
    • Aquino, Benigno S., Jr., Philippines politician and leader of the opposition to President Marcos
    • Aquino, Maria Corazon, President of the Philippines from February 25, 1986
    • Arafat, Yassir, Chairman, Palestine Liberation Organization
    • Arias Sánchez, Oscar, President of Costa Rica from May 8, 1986; recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1987
    • Armacost, Michael H., Jr., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs until February 1982; U.S. Ambassador to the Philippines from March 12, 1982, until April 18, 1984; Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from May 18, 1984, until March 2, 1989; Secretary of State ad interim from January 20, 1989, until January 25, 1989
    • Armitage, Richard L. “Rich,” Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (East Asia and Pacific Affairs) from 1981 until 1983; Acting Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs from April 2, 1983, until June 5, 1983; Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs from June 5, 1983, until June 5, 1989
    • Armstrong, Anne L., Co-Chair, Reagan for President campaign; member, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board; Vice Chair, Reagan Transition Team Executive Committee; Chair, President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, from October 20, 1981; member, Commission on Integrated Long-Term Strategy
    • Arny, Wayne, Professional Staff Member, Subcommittee on Sea Power and Force Projection, Senate Armed Services Committee, from 1981 until 1984; Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Shipbuilding and Logistics) from 1984 until 1986; Program Associate Director for National Security and International Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, from 1986 until 1989
    • Atherton, Alfred L., Jr., U.S. Ambassador to Egypt until November 12, 1983; Director General of the Foreign Service and Director of Personnel, Bureau of Personnel, Department of State, from December 2, 1983, until December 28, 1984
    • Bailey, Norman A., Office of Policy Development, National Security Council, from March 1981; Director, Planning and Evaluation, National Security Council, from April 1981 until 1983; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, International Economic Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from June 3, 1983, until October 1983; thereafter, consultant to the National Security Council staff
    • Baker, Howard H., Jr., Senator (R–Tennessee) until January 3, 1985; Senate Minority leader from 1977 until 1981; Senate Majority Leader from 1981 until January 3, 1985; member, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board; member, President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, from 1985 until 1987 and from 1988; White House Chief of Staff from February 27, 1987, until June 30, 1988
    • Baker, James A., III “Jim,” advisor to Gerald Ford during the 1976 Presidential campaign; head of Bush for president campaign in 1980; Senior Adviser to Ronald Reagan during the 1980 presidential campaign; Deputy Director, Reagan Transition Team; White House Chief of Staff and Assistant to the President from January 1, 1981, until February 3, 1985; Secretary of the Treasury from February 4, 1985, until August 17, 1988; thereafter, campaign manager, Bush for President campaign, in 1988
    • Bakshian, Aram, Jr., Special Assistant to the President for Arts and Humanities, Education, and International Affairs, Office of Public Liaison, from March 17, 1981, until November 1981; Director, White House Office of Speechwriting and Deputy Assistant to the President from November 17, 1981, until September 1983
    • Baldrige, H. Malcolm, Jr. “Mac,” Secretary of Commerce until July 25, 1987
    • Ball, William L., III, administrative assistant to Senator John Tower (R–Texas) from 1981 until 1985; Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs from April 2, 1985, until February 28, 1986; Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs, Office of Legislative Affairs, from 1986 until 1988
    • Barnes, Michael D., member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Maryland) until January 3, 1987; Senior Counselor, National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (Kissinger Commission); Chairman, Subcommittee on Western Hemisphere Affairs, House Committee on Foreign Affairs, from January 3, 1985, until January 3, 1987
    • Barre, Raymond, Prime Minister of France until May 22, 1981
    • Barry, Robert L., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs from 1979 until 1981; U.S. Ambassador to Bulgaria from December 8, 1981, until July 12, 1984; John Sloan Dickey Fellow, Dartmouth College and Distinguished Visitor, W. Averell Harriman Institute for Advanced Study of the Soviet Union, Columbia University, from 1984 until 1985; U.S. Representative to the Conference on Confidence and Security Building Measures and Disarmament in Europe from September 1985 until 1987; Deputy Director, Voice of America, from 1987 until 1989
    • Bartletta Vallarino, Nicolás Ardito, President of Panama from October 11, 1984, until September 28, 1985
    • Batjer, Marybel, Director of Political Planning, National Woman’s Political Caucus in 1980; Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Executive Personnel; Assistant to the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense until 1987; Deputy Executive Secretary for External Affairs, National Security Council, from 1987 until 1988; Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Navy and Senior Staff Transition Team leader in 1989
    • Beal, Richard S., senior political analyst, Reagan for President campaign; Assistant Deputy Director for Planning and Evaluation, Office of the President-elect, from 1980 until 1981; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, Office of Planning and Evaluation, from January 1981 until June 1983; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, Crisis Management Support and Planning, National Security Council, from June 3, 1983, until 1984; thereafter, Special Assistant to the President until 1985
    • Beers, R. Rand, Political Officer, Office of Policy Analysis, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State; Deputy Director, Office of Policy Analysis, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State; Operations Coordinator and Director, Office of International Security Assistance and Sales, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State, from February 1985 until July 1987; Director, Office of Security Analysis and Coordinator for Policy, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State, from July 1987
    • Begin, Menachem, Prime Minister of Israel until October 10, 1983; also Israeli Defense Minister from May 28, 1980; also Israeli Foreign Minister from October 23, 1979, until March 10, 1980
    • Belaúnde Terry, Fernando, President of Peru from 1963 until 1968 and from July 28, 1980, until July 28, 1985
    • Bell, Terrel H., Secretary of Education from January 22, 1981, until January 20, 1985
    • Bendjedid, Chadli, Colonel, President of Algeria
    • Benedick, Richard E., Coordinator of Population Affairs, Bureau of Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs, Department of State, until 1985; Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Environment, Health, and Natural Resources; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Environment, Health and Natural Resources; Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs
    • Bennett, William Tapley, Jr., U.S. Permanent Representative, U.S. Mission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization until March 31, 1983; Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs from November 17, 1983, until January 4, 1985
    • Benson, Ezra Taft, Secretary of Agriculture from 1953 until 1961
    • Bentsen, Lloyd M., Jr., Senator (D–Texas); member, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence; Chair, Senate Committee on Finance from 1987; Senior Counselor, National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (Kissinger Commission); Democratic nominee for Vice President in 1988
    • Berman, Julius, Chair, Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations
    • Betancour Cuartas, Belisario, President of Colombia from August 7, 1982, until August 7, 1986
    • Biden, Joseph R., Jr. “Joe,” Senator (D–Delaware); member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee and Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
    • Billington, James H., Director, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars until September 1987; Librarian of Congress from September 14, 1987
    • Bishop, James K., U.S. Ambassador to Niger until May 29, 1981; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs from June 1981 until 1987; U.S. Ambassador to Liberia from May 4, 1987
    • Bishop, Maurice, Prime Minister of Grenada until October 19, 1983
    • Bistany, Joanna E., Deputy to the Administrator of the Reagan Transition team; Deputy to the Assistant to the President for Communications, Office of Communications, from 1981; Special Assistant to the President for Communications, Office of Communications, from April 19, 1982, until 1984
    • Blackwill, Robert D. “Bob,” member, National Security Council staff, West Europe Cluster, until January 1981; Deputy Director, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State, from January 1981 until May 1982; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs from May 1982 until June 1983; Associate Dean and faculty member, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, from 1983 until 1985 and from 1987; U.S. Representative to the Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction talks in Vienna from April 1, 1985, until 1987
    • Blair, Dennis C., Commander, USN; Director, Western Europe, Political Affairs Office, National Security Council, from 1981 until 1983; Deputy Senior Director, European and Soviet Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, in 1983
    • Bleakley, Kenneth W., Deputy Director, Operations Center, Executive Secretariat, Department of State, until 1981; Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy in San Salvador, from May 1981 until 1984; thereafter, Deputy Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State
    • Block, John R. “Jack,” Secretary of Agriculture from January 23, 1981, until February 14, 1986
    • Boeker, Paul H., Director, Foreign Service Institute, Department of State, until January 31, 1982; member, Policy Planning Council, Department of State, 1983; U.S. Ambassador to Jordan from September 1, 1984, until August 13, 1987
    • Bohlen, Avis T., Office of Security and Political Affairs, Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State, until 1982; Political Officer, U.S. Embassy in Paris, from August 1982 until 1985; member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from 1985; Executive Director, START, Office of Negotiations on Nuclear and Space Arms with the Soviet Union, Department of State; Director, Office of European Security and Political Affairs, Bureau of European and Canadian Affairs, Department of State
    • Boland, Edward P., member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Massachusetts) until January 3, 1989; Chair, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence until January 3, 1985
    • Bond, Christopher S. “Kit,” Republican Governor of Missouri until January 10, 1977, and from January 12, 1981, until January 14, 1985; Senator (R–Missouri) from January 3, 1987
    • Bonker, Don L., member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Washington) until January 3, 1989; member, House Foreign Affairs Committee
    • Boschwitz, Rudolph E. “Rudy,” Senator (IR–Minnesota) from December 30, 1978; member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee
    • Bosworth, Stephen W., U.S. Ambassador to Tunisia until June 22, 1981; Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs from July 1981 until January 1983; Chair, Policy Planning Council, Department of State, from January 3, 1983, until April 7, 1984; U.S. Ambassador to the Philippines from May 4, 1984, until April 2, 1987
    • Botha, Pieter Willem “P.W.,” Prime Minister of South Africa until September 14, 1984; State President of South Africa from 1984
    • Bourguiba, Habib, President of Tunisia until November 7, 1987
    • Bova, Michele M., Commercial Officer, U.S. Embassy in Cairo, until 1981; Foreign Affairs Economic Analyst, Office of Economic Analysis, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State, from 1981 until 1983; Congressional Relations Legislative Management Officer for Economic Affairs, Bureau of Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs, Department of State, from 1983 until 1984; Secretariat Staff Director, Executive Secretariat, Department of State, during 1984; Legislative Management Officer for European and Canadian Affairs, Bureau of Legislative Affairs, Department of State; Economic Officer, U.S. Embassy in Santo Domingo, from 1987
    • Boverie, Richard T., Major General, USAF; Principal Director for Plans and Policy, Office of the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Policy Planning), from December 1979 until June 1981; Acting and then Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Policy) from June 1981 until June 1982; Director, Defense Policy Directorate, National Security Council, from 1982 until 1983
    • Bowie, Robert R., Professor of Law, Harvard University; Director of the Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from May 28, 1953, until August 31, 1957; founder and Director, Center for International Affairs, Harvard University, from 1958 until 1972; Counselor of the Department of State, from September 21, 1966, until April 1, 1968, Deputy Director of the National Foreign Assessment Center, Central Intelligence Agency, from 1977 until 1979
    • Brady, James S. “Jim,” White House Press Secretary and Assistant to the President from January 21, 1981, until February 28, 1989
    • Brainard, Lawrence J., economist, Bankers Trust Company
    • Brandt, Willy, former Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany; chair, Independent Commission for International Development Issues (Brandt Commission)
    • Bremer, L. Paul, III “Jerry,” Deputy Executive Secretary of the Department of State until February 1981; Special Assistant to the Secretary and Executive Secretary of the Department of State from February 2, 1981, until March 27, 1983; U.S. Ambassador to the Netherlands from August 31, 1983, until August 25, 1986; Director of the Bureau of Counterterrorism and Ambassador at Large for Counterterrorism, Department of State, from October 17, 1986
    • Brezhnev, Leonid I., General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union until his death on November 10, 1982
    • Bridges, Peter S., Director, Office of Eastern European Affairs, Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State, until 1981; Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy in Rome, from 1981; U.S. Ambassador to Somalia from December 19, 1984, until May 14, 1986
    • Brinkley, David, host of the ABC News public affairs program This Week with David Brinkley
    • Brock, William E., III, Chair of the Republican National Committee until 1981; U.S. Trade Representative from January 23, 1981, until April 22, 1985; Secretary of Labor from April 29, 1985, until October 31, 1987
    • Bronfman, Edgar M., Sr., Chief Executive, Seagram’s (Distillers Corporation-Seagram Ltd.); President, World Jewish Congress, from January 1981
    • Broomfield, William S., member, U.S. House of Representatives (R–Michigan); delegate, Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT II); Senior Counselor, National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (Kissinger Commission)
    • Brower, Charles N., Acting Legal Adviser, Department of State, from 1969 until 1973; member, Department of State Transition Team, 1980; judge, Iran-U.S. Claims Tribunal, from 1984; Deputy Special Counselor to the President from January 9, 1987
    • Brown, Edmund G., Jr. “Jerry,” Democratic Governor of California until January 3, 1983; Democratic candidate for President in 1976 and 1980
    • Brown, George E., Office of Policy Planning Coordination, Bureau of Inter-American Affairs, Department of State
    • Brzezinski, Zbigniew K., President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs from January 20, 1977, until January 20, 1981; Senior Adviser, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University, from 1981; member, Commission on Integrated Long-Term Strategy
    • Buchanan, Patrick J. “Pat,” Special Assistant to Presidents Nixon and Ford; syndicated columnist, co-host of CNN’s Crossfire, and panelist on PBS’s The McLaughlin Group; Assistant to the President and Director of Communications, Office of Communications, from February 1985 until March 1, 1987
    • Buckley, James L., Under Secretary of State for Security Assistance, Science, and Technology from February 18, 1981, until August 20, 1982; Counselor of the Department of State from September 9, 1982, until September 26, 1982; President, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, from 1982 until 1985; Judge, U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit from December 17, 1985
    • Buffum, William B., Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs from February 4, 1974, until December 18, 1975; United Nations Under Secretary-General for Political and General Assembly Affairs
    • Bumpers, Dale L., Democratic Governor of Arkansas until January 3, 1975; thereafter, Senator (D–Arkansas)
    • Bundy, McGeorge, Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from January 20, 1961, until February 28, 1966; President, Ford Foundation, from 1966 until 1979; Professor of History, New York University, from 1979
    • Burnham, Forbes, Executive President of Guyana
    • Burns, Arthur F., Chairman of the Federal Reserve until March 8, 1978; U.S. Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany from June 30, 1981, until May 16, 1985
    • Burt, Richard R., correspondent, New York Times; member, Department of State Transition Team; Director, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State, from January 23, 1981, until February 17, 1982; Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs-designate from May 10, 1982, until February 17, 1983; Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs (European and Canadian Affairs from September 15, 1983), from February 18, 1983, until July 18, 1985; U.S. Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany from September 16, 1985, until February 17, 1989
    • Burton, Bruce G., Office of Security and Political Affairs, Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State, until 1982; Political Officer, U.S. Embassy in Madrid, from 1984 until 1985; thereafter, Deputy Director, Multilateral and Security Affairs, Office of Soviet Union Affairs, Bureau of European and Canadian Affairs, Department of State
    • Busby, Morris D., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and Fisheries Affairs until 1982; detailed to the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency as Executive Secretary to the Representative for the Committee on Disarmament and Alternate U.S. Representative to the Committee on Disarmament in 1982 and 1983; Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy in Mexico City, from 1984 until 1987; thereafter, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs and Special Envoy for Central America from 1987 until 1988
    • Bush, George H.W., Chair, Republican National Committee, until September 16, 1974; Head of the U.S. Liaison Office in Beijing from September 26, 1974, until December 7, 1975; Director of Central Intelligence from January 30, 1976, until January 20, 1977; Republican candidate for President in 1980; Republican nominee for Vice President in 1980; Vice President of the United States from January 20, 1981, until January 20, 1989; Republican nominee for President in 1988; thereafter, President
    • Butcher, Willard C., Chief Executive Officer, Chase Manhattan Bank
    • Byrd, Harry F., Jr., Senator (I–Virginia) until January 2, 1983
    • Byrd, Robert C., Senator (D–West Virginia); Senate Majority Leader until 1981; Senate Minority Leader from 1981 until January 3, 1987; Senate Majority Leader from January 3, 1987
    • Cannon, Howard W., Senator (D–Nevada) until January 3, 1983
    • Cannon, Lou, Washington Post reporter and Reagan biographer
    • Cargo, William I., Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from August 4, 1969, until July 30, 1973; U.S. Ambassador to Nepal from September 28, 1973, until April 3, 1976
    • Carlucci, Frank C., III, Deputy Director of Central Intelligence until February 4, 1981; Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1981 until December 31, 1982; President and Chief Operating Officer, Sears World Trade, Inc., from 1983 until 1984; Chair and Chief Executive Officer, Sears World Trade, Inc., from 1984 until 1986; member and chair, General Advisory Committee, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, from 1986; President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs from December 2, 1986, until November 5, 1987; Secretary of Defense from November 23, 1987; member, President’s Blue Ribbon Commission on Defense Management (Packard Commission)
    • Carrington, 6th Baron of (Peter Alexander Rupert), British Foreign Secretary until April 5, 1982; Secretary-General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization from June 25, 1984, until June 30, 1988
    • Carstens, Karl, President of the Federal Republic of Germany until June 30, 1984
    • Carter, James Earl, Jr. “Jimmy,” Democratic Governor of Georgia from 1971 until 1975; Democratic nominee for President in 1976; President of the United States from January 20, 1977, until January 20, 1981
    • Casey, William J., Chair, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board; Chair, Reagan Transition Team Executive Committee; Director of Central Intelligence from January 28, 1981, until January 29, 1987
    • Castaneda y Alvarez de la Rosa, Jorge, Mexican Foreign Minister until November 30, 1982
    • Castro Ruz, Fidel, Premier of Cuba
    • Cavaco Silva, Anibal Antonio, Prime Minister of Portugal from November 6, 1985
    • Ceausescu, Nicolae, President of Romania
    • Cerezo Arévalo, Marco Vinicio, President of Guatemala from January 14, 1986
    • Chafee, John H., Senator (R–Rhode Island) from December 29, 1976; member, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
    • Chain, John T., Jr., General, USAF; Assistant Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Operations, United States Air Force, from 1981 until 1982; Deputy Chief of Staff for Plans and Operations, United States Air Force, from 1982 until 1984; Director, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State, from July 1, 1984, until June 14, 1985; Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe, from June 1985 until June 1986; Commander in Chief, Strategic Air Command, and Director, Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff, from June 1986
    • Charles, Eugenia, Prime Minister of Dominica and Chairperson of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States
    • Cheney, Richard B., White House Chief of Staff from November 1975 until January 20, 1977; member, U.S. House of Representatives (R–Wyoming); Republican Whip from January 3, 1989
    • Chernenko, Konstantin U., General Secretary, Central Committee, Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Chair, Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet, from 1984 until 1985
    • Chew, David L., Executive Assistant to the Secretary of the Treasury from 1981 until 1984; Senior Deputy Comptroller of the Currency for Policy and Planning from April 1984 until 1985; Staff Secretary and Deputy Assistant to the President, White House Secretariat, from 1985 until 1987; Deputy Assistant to the President, White House Operations, from 1987 until 1989
    • Cheysson, Claude, French Foreign Minister until December 7, 1984; thereafter, member, Commission of the European Communities
    • Chiang Ching-kuo, President of the Republic of China (Taiwan) and Chairman of the Kuomintang until January 13, 1988
    • Childress, Richard T. “Dick,” Lieutenant Colonel, USA; staff member, Special Projects, National Security Council, in 1981; East Asia/Pacific Affairs, Political Affairs Office, National Security Council, from 1982 until 1983; Deputy Director, Political-Military Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1983 until 1984; Director, Political-Military Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1984 until 1986; Director, Asian Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1986 until 1988
    • Chirac, Jacques, French Prime Minister from 1974 until 1976 and from March 20, 1986, until May 10, 1988
    • Chubin, Shahram, International Institute for Strategic Studies
    • Chun Doo-hwan, President of the Republic of South Korea until February 24, 1988
    • Clark, Charles Joseph, (Joe), Prime Minister of Canada until March 1980; Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs from September 17, 1984
    • Clark, William, Jr., Director, Office of Japan, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State; Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy in Tokyo, from 1981; Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy in Cairo, from 1985 until 1986; Chargé d’Affaires, U.S. Embassy in Cairo during 1986; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from 1986 until 1987; thereafter, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from 1987
    • Clark, William P., Jr., “Bill,” Cabinet Secretary and later Chief of Staff to Governor Reagan; Judge, California Supreme Court until 1981; Deputy Secretary of State from March 25, 1981, until February 9, 1982; President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs from February 10, 1982, until November 17, 1983; Secretary of the Interior from November 18, 1983, until February 7, 1985; member, President’s Blue Ribbon Commission on Defense Management (Packard Commission); member, Commission on Integrated Long-Term Strategy; member, President’s Blue Ribbon Task Group on Nuclear Weapons Program Management
    • Clausen, Alden Winship “Tom,” President, World Bank, from July 1981 until June 1986; Chair and Chief Executive Officer, Bank of America, from 1986
    • Clements, William P. “Bill,” Deputy Secretary of Defense from January 30, 1973, until January 20, 1977; Republican Governor of Texas until January 18, 1983, and from January 20, 1987; member, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board; member, President’s Commission on Strategic Forces (Scowcroft Commission)
    • Cobb, Tyrus P. “Ty,” Deputy Director, European and Soviet Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1983 until 1984; Director, European and Soviet Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1984 until 1988; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, International Programs and Technology Affairs, National Security Council, from July 15, 1988
    • Cockell, William A., Jr., Rear Admiral, USN (Ret.); Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Research and Engineering until July 1986; Deputy Assistant to the President for Defense Policy, National Security Council, from July 25, 1986, until 1987; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, Defense Policy, Defense Programs and Arms Control Directorate, National Security Council, from 1987 until 1988
    • Codevilla, Angelo M., member, Department of State Transition Team, 1980; professional staff member, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence until 1985; Senior Research Fellow, Hoover Institution, Stanford University, from 1985
    • Coffey, Steven J., Deputy Director, Office of Strategic Nuclear Policy, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State; Special Assistant, Office of the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
    • Cohen, Herman Jay “Hank,” Deputy Assistant Director, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State until 1984; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, African Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from February 1987 until 1988
    • Cohen, William S., member, U.S. House of Representatives (R–Maine) until January 3, 1979; thereafter, Senator (R–Maine)
    • Combs, Richard E., Jr., Deputy Director, Office of Soviet Union Affairs, Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State, from 1980 until July 1983; Director, Office of Eastern European and Yugoslav Affairs, Bureau of European and Canadian Affairs, Department of State, from July 1983 until July 1985; Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy in Moscow, from July 1985 until 1987
    • Córdovez, Diego, United Nations Under Secretary-General for Special Political Affairs and Personal Representative of the United Nations Secretary-General on the Situation in Afghanistan
    • Cossiga, Francesco, Prime Minister of Italy until 1980; President of Italy from July 1, 1985
    • Cranston, Alan, Senator (D–California) and Democratic Whip; member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee; Democratic candidate for President in 1984
    • Craxi, Bettino, Prime Minister of Italy from August 1983 until 1987
    • Cribb, T. Kenneth, Jr., deputy to the chief counsel of the Reagan for President campaign in 1980; member, Reagan Transition Team; Staff Assistant to the President and Deputy Director, Office of Cabinet Affairs, from February 12, 1981, until March 1982; Assistant Counselor to the President (Deputy Assistant to the President), Office of the Counselor to the President, from March 23, 1982, until January 1985; Counselor to Attorney General Meese from 1985 until 1986; member, Chief of Staff’s transition team, from March 4, 1987, until April 1987; Assistant to the President for Domestic Affairs and Director of the Office of Domestic Affairs from April 1987 until January 1989
    • Crocker, Chester A., member, Department of State Transition Team, 1980; Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs from June 9, 1981
    • Cronkite, Walter, anchor, CBS Evening News, until early 1981
    • Crowe, William, J., Jr., Admiral, USN; Commander in Chief, Allied Forces, Southern Europe, until 1983; Commander in Chief, U.S. Pacific Command, from 1983 until 1985; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1985
    • Culver, John C., Senator (D–Iowa) until January 3, 1981
    • Dam, Kenneth W. “Ken,” Provost, University of Chicago, until 1982; Deputy Secretary of State from September 23, 1982, until June 15, 1985
    • Danforth, John C. “Jack,” Senator (R–Missouri)
    • Daniels, Mitchell, Jr. “Mitch,” administrative assistant to Senator Richard Lugar (R–Indiana) until 1982; Executive Director, National Republican Senatorial Committee, from 1983 until 1985, Deputy Assistant to the President and Director, Office of Intergovernmental Affairs, from March until August 1985; Assistant to the President for Political and Intergovernmental Affairs from November 1985 until March 1987
    • Daniloff, Nicholas, Moscow correspondent for U.S. News & World Report
    • Danzansky, Stephen I., Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director, International Economic Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from October 24, 1985, until October 6, 1988; thereafter, Deputy Assistant to the President for International Economic Affairs, Office of Policy Development, National Security Council
    • D’Aubuisson, Roberto, co-founder and leader, Nationalist Republican Alliance (ARENA); President, Constituent Assembly, El Salvador, from 1982 until 1983
    • de la Espriella, Ricardo, President of Panama from July 31, 1982, until February 13, 1984
    • de la Madrid Hurtado, Miguel, President of Mexico from December 1, 1982, until November 30, 1988
    • Darman, Richard G. “Dick,” member and Executive Director, Reagan Transition Team; Deputy Assistant to the President and Deputy to the Chief of Staff, Office of the Chief of Staff, from January 20, 1981, until August 1981; Assistant to the President [Page XLII] and Deputy to the Chief of Staff from September 14, 1981, until February 3, 1985; supervisor of the White House Office of Speechwriting beginning in January 1984; Deputy Secretary of the Treasury from February 1985 until April 2, 1987; Director of the Office of Management and Budget from January 1989
    • Dean, Robert W., Deputy Director, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State, from 1981 until 1985; Senior Representative for Strategic Technology Policy, Department of State, from August 1986 until February 1987; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, International Programs and Technology Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from February 11, 1987, until 1988
    • Deaver, Michael K., Director of Administration for Governor Reagan; Chief of Staff, Reagan for President campaign in 1976; Senior Adviser, Reagan for President campaign in 1979 and from February 1980; Senior Adviser, Reagan Transition Team; Deputy Chief of Staff and Assistant to the President from January 1, 1981, until May 10, 1985
    • Deng Xiaoping (Teng Hsiao-p’ing), Vice Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China
    • Derwinski, Edward J. “Ed,” member, U.S. House of Representatives (R–Illinois) until January 3, 1983; Counselor of the Department of State from March 23, 1983, until March 24, 1987; Under Secretary of State for Security Assistance, Science, and Technology from March 24, 1987, until January 21, 1989
    • Djerejian, Edward P., Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy in Amman, from 1981 until 1984; Deputy Spokesman, Department of State, from January 19 until June 22, 1985; Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Press Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Office of the Press Secretary, from 1985 until August 1, 1986; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs from 1986 until 1988; U.S. Ambassador to Syria from October 2, 1988
    • Dobriansky, Paula J., Soviet Union/Eastern Europe, Political Affairs Office, National Security Council, from 1981 until 1983; Deputy Director, European and Soviet Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1983 until 1984; Director, European and Soviet Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1984 until 1987; thereafter, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs
    • Dobrynin, Anatoly F., Soviet Ambassador to the United States until May 1986; Director of the International Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1986
    • Dodd, Christopher J., member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Connecticut) until January 3, 1981; Senator (D–Connecticut) from January 3, 1981; member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee
    • Dodd, James P., Regional Labor Attaché and Regional Labor Adviser, Office of Regional Affairs, Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, Department of State
    • Dolan, Anthony R. “Tony,” Speechwriter and Director of Special Research and Issues, Office of Research and Policy, Reagan-Bush Campaign; Speechwriter, White House Office of Speechwriting from January 1981 until November 17, 1981; Acting Director of Speechwriting from April 1981 until November 17, 1981; Special Assistant to the President and Chief Speechwriter from November 17, 1981, until 1985; Deputy Assistant to the President and Director of Speechwriting from 1986
    • Dole, Elizabeth Hanford, Deputy Assistant (later Assistant) to the President for Public Liaison and Director, Office of Public Liaison, from 1981 until January 1983; Secretary of Transportation from February 7, 1983, until September 30, 1987
    • Dole, Robert “Bob,” Republican nominee for Vice President in 1976; Republican candidate for President in 1980 and 1988; Senator (R–Kansas); Chair, Senate Finance Committee, from January 3, 1981, until January 3, 1985; Senate Majority Leader from January 3, 1985, until January 3, 1987; Senate Minority Leader from January 3, 1987
    • Domenici, Pete V., Senator (R–New Mexico); Senior Counselor, National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (Kissinger Commission)
    • Donaldson, Sam, ABC News White House correspondent
    • Donovan, Raymond J., Secretary of Labor from February 4, 1981, until March 15, 1985
    • dos Santos, José Eduardo, President of Angola
    • Draper, Morris “Morrie,” Chief U.S. Negotiator in Lebanon and Assistant to the Special Representative of the President for the Middle East until July 22, 1983; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs until February 6, 1983
    • Drischler, Alvin P., member, Department of State Transition Team, 1980; staff aide to Senator Paul Laxalt (R–Nevada) until early 1981; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional Relations; later, Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs
    • Duarte Fuentes, José Napoleón, President of El Salvador from June 1, 1984
    • Duberstein, Kenneth M., Deputy Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs, Office of Legislative Affairs, until December 1981; Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs from 1982 until December 15, 1983; Deputy White House Chief of Staff from March 23, 1987, until June 30, 1988; White House Chief of Staff from July 1, 1988, until January 20, 1989
    • Dubinin, Yuri V., Soviet Ambassador to the United States from May 1986
    • Dukakis, Michael S., Democratic Governor of Massachusetts until January 4, 1979, and from January 6, 1983; Democratic presidential nominee in 1988
    • Dunbar, Charles F., Jr., Political Officer, acting Deputy Chief of Mission, Deputy Chief of Mission, Chargé d’Affaires ad Interim, U.S. Embassy in Kabul, until May 1983; U.S. Ambassador to Qatar from October 30, 1983, until March 23, 1985; Special Assistant, Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, Department of State, from April 1985 until July 1988; U.S. Ambassador to the Yemen Arab Republic from August 14, 1988
    • Duvalier, Jean-Claude “Baby Doc,” President of Haiti until 1986
    • Dyke, Nancy Bearg, Assistant to the Vice President for National Security Affairs
    • Eagleburger, Lawrence S. “Larry,” U.S. Ambassador to Yugoslavia until January 24, 1981; Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs from May 14, 1981, until January 26, 1982; Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from February 12, 1982, until May 1, 1984; Career Ambassador from April 12, 1984
    • Eagleton, Thomas F., Democratic vice presidential candidate in 1972; Senator (D–Missouri), until January 3, 1987
    • Einaudi, Luigi R., member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from 1974 until 1977; Director, Office of Policy Planning Coordination, and Staff Director, NSC Interdepartmental Groups, Bureau of Inter-American Affairs, Department of State
    • Eisenhower, Dwight D., President of the United States from January 20, 1953, until January 20, 1961
    • Elizabeth II, Queen of England
    • Elliot, Bently T. “Ben,” Speechwriter, White House Office of Speechwriting, from 1981 until 1983; Deputy Assistant to the President and Director, White House Office of Speechwriting, from October 1983 until 1986
    • Enders, Thomas O., U.S. Representative to the European Community until May 27, 1981, Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs from June 23, 1981, until June 27, 1983; U.S. Ambassador to Spain from September 15, 1983, until July 6, 1986
    • Erhard, Ludwig W., Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from 1963 until 1966
    • Ermarth, Fritz W., member, Defense Coordination Cluster, National Security Council staff, from 1978 until 1980; National Intelligence Officer for the Soviet Union and member, National Intelligence Council, from 1984 until 1987; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, European and Soviet Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from February 11, 1987, until January 1989
    • Evans, Rowland, syndicated columnist with Robert Novak of Evans & Novak
    • Evren, Kenan, General, President of Turkey from November 9, 1982
    • Evron, Ephraim, Israeli Ambassador to the United States until 1982
    • Exon, J. James “Jim,” Democratic Governor of Nebraska until 1979; Senator (D–Nebraska) from January 3, 1979
    • Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia until June 13, 1982; thereafter, King of Saudi Arabia
    • Fairbanks, Richard M., III “Dick,” Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional Relations from March 6, 1981, until January 26, 1982; Special Assistant to the Secretary from 1982 until 1984; Ambassador at Large from April 3, 1984, until August 8, 1985; also, Special Middle East Peace Negotiator
    • Falldin, Thornbjorn, Prime Minister of Sweden from 1976 until 1978 and from October 12, 1979, until October 8, 1982
    • Fanfani, Amintore, Prime Minister of Italy from December 1, 1982, until August 4, 1983, and from April 17, 1987, until July 28, 1987
    • Febres-Cordero Ribadeneyra, León, President of Ecuador from 1984 until 1988
    • Feldman, Harvey J., U.S. Ambassador to Papua New Guinea until May 25, 1981; Washington Representative of the U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations until September 24,1984; thereafter, Alternate U.S. Representative to the United Nations for Special Political Affairs
    • Feldstein, Michael “Mike,” member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State
    • Ferraro, Geraldine A., member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–New York), from January 3, 1979, until January 3, 1985; Democratic vice presidential nominee in 1984
    • Fischer, Dean E., News Editor, Washington bureau, TIME Magazine; Department of State Spokesman from March 28, 1981, until August 19, 1982; also, Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs from August 7, 1981
    • Fitzwater, M. Marlin, Office of Public Affairs, Environmental Protection Agency, until 1981; Deputy Assistant Secretary for Public Affairs, Department of the Treasury, from 1981 until 1983; Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Press Secretary for Domestic Affairs, Office of the Press Secretary, from September 1, 1983, until April 1, 1985; Press Secretary and Assistant to Vice President Bush from April 1, 1985, until January 1987; Assistant to the President for Press Relations and Spokesman for the President, Office of the Press Secretary, from February 2, 1987, until January 20, 1989
    • Fontaine, Roger W., Director, Inter-American Affairs, Political Affairs Office, National Security Council, from February 1981 until 1983; Director, Latin American Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, in 1983
    • Ford, Gerald R., President of the United States from August 9, 1974, until January 20, 1977; member, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board
    • Forlani, Arnaldo, Prime Minister of Italy until June 28, 1981
    • Fortier, Alison Brenner, professional staff member, House Committee on Foreign Affairs; Director, Office of Congressional Affairs, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, from February 1985 until April 1987; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, Legislative Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from April 2, 1987, until 1988
    • Fortier, Donald R. “Don,” Deputy Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from February 1981 until September 1982; Director, Western Europe, Political Affairs Office, National Security Council, from September 1982 until June 1983; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, Political-Military Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from June 3 until December 21, 1983; Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, Policy Development Directorate, from December 21, 1983, until 1985; Principal Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from December 1985 until August 23, 1986
    • Fox, J. Edward, minority staff consultant, House Committee on Foreign Affairs until 1982; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs (House of Representatives) from 1983 until 1984; Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs from 1984 until 1985; [Page XLV] Special Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs (House), Office of Legislative Affairs, from October 21, 1985, until June 1986; Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative and Intergovernmental Affairs (Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs from October 2, 1987), from June 18, 1986
    • Francois-Poncet, Jean, French Minister of Foreign Affairs until May 13, 1981
    • Fraser, Malcolm, Prime Minister of Australia until March 11, 1983
    • Fried, Daniel, Consular Officer, U.S. Consulate at Leningrad, from 1981 until 1982; Political Officer, U.S. Embassy in Belgrade, from 1982 until 1985; Office of Soviet Union Affairs, Bureau of European and Canadian Affairs, Department of State, from 1985 until 1987; Polish Desk Officer, Office of Eastern European and Yugoslavia Affairs, Bureau of European and Canadian Affairs, Department of State, from 1987 until 1989
    • Friedersdorf, Max L., Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs, Office of Legislative Affairs, from January 1981 until January 2, 1982; Assistant to the President and Legislative Strategy Coordinator from 1985; U.S. Representative to the Conference on Disarmament in Geneva from May 1, 1987
    • Fujinami Takao, Japanese Deputy Chief Cabinet Secretary from December 1982 until December 1983; thereafter, Chief Cabinet Secretary
    • Fukuda Takeo, Prime Minister of Japan from December 24, 1976, until December 7, 1978
    • Fuller, Craig L., Deputy Assistant to the President and Director, Office of Cabinet Administration, from January until September 1981; Assistant to the President for Cabinet Affairs from September 14, 1981, until March 1985; Chief of Staff to Vice President Bush from April 1, 1985, until January 20, 1989
    • Funseth, Robert L., Director, Office of Northern European Affairs, Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State, until November 1982; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Refugee Resettlement, Bureau for Refugee Programs; Senior Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Management, Bureau for Refugee Programs, from 1984; Senior Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Refugee Programs
    • Galatz, Karen M., Special Assistant, Executive Secretariat, Department of State; member, Policy Planning Staff
    • Gandhi, Indira, Prime Minister of India until March 1977 and from January 14, 1980, until her death on October 31, 1984
    • Gandhi, Rajiv, Prime Minister of India from October 31, 1984
    • Gates, Robert S., Director, Executive Staff, Office of the Director of Central Intelligence and Director, Office of Policy and Planning, Central Intelligence Agency, from 1981; National Intelligence Officer for Soviet Union and Eastern Europe from November 1981 until January 1982; Deputy Director for Intelligence from January 1982 until April 1986; Chairman, National Intelligence Council, from September 1983; Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency until May 1, 1987; Acting Director of the Central Intelligence Agency from May 2, 1987, until May 26, 1987; Deputy Director of the Central Intelligence Agency from May 26, 1987
    • Gemayel, Amin(e), President of Lebanon from September 23, 1982, until September 22, 1988
    • Gemayel, Bashir, President-elect of Lebanon in 1982
    • Genscher, Hans-Dietrich, Vice Chancellor and Foreign Minister of the Federal Republic of Germany
    • Gergen, David R., Assistant to the President and Staff Director of the White House from January 21 until June 17, 1981; Assistant to the President for Communications and Director, Office of Communications, White House Press Office, and White House Office of Speechwriting from June 17, 1981, until January 15, 1984; commentator, PBS’s MacNeil Lehrer NewsHour, from 1985
    • Geyer, Georgie Anne, syndicated columnist, Universal Press Syndicate; panelist, 1984 presidential debates
    • Ghorbal, Ashraf A., Egyptian Ambassador to the United States until 1984
    • Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry, President of France until May 21, 1981
    • Glassman, Jon D., Political Officer, U.S. Embassy in Mexico City, until 1981; member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from 1981 until 1983; Senior Adviser to the Ambassador at Large and Special Envoy for Central America from 1983 until 1984; Director, Office of Australia and New Zealand Affairs, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State, from 1984; Chargé d’Affaires, U.S. Embassy in Afghanistan, from September 1987 until January 1989
    • Glenn, John H., Jr., former astronaut; Senator (D–Ohio) from December 24, 1974; member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee; Democratic candidate for President in 1984
    • Glitman, Maynard W. “Mike,” Deputy Chief of Mission and Deputy Permanent Representative, U.S. Mission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization until 1981; Ambassador and Deputy Head negotiator, U.S. Delegation to the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Force negotiations, from 1981 until June 1984; chief U.S. representative to the Mutual and Balanced Force Reduction talks from June 1984 until 1985, Head INF Negotiator to the U.S.-U.S.S.R Nuclear and Space Talks in Geneva; U.S. Ambassador to Belgium from September 28, 1988
    • Gobbi, Hugo J., Special Representative of the U.N. Secretary General in Cyprus
    • Goldberg, Sherwood “Woody,” Executive Assistant to Secretary of State Haig until July 1982
    • Goldwater, Barry M., Republican nominee for President in 1964; Senator (R–Arizona); Chair, Senate Armed Services Committee, from 1981; Chair, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
    • Gompert, David C., Acting Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs from 1981 until 1982; Deputy to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from 1982 until 1983
    • González Márquez, Felipe, Prime Minister of Spain from December 2, 1982
    • Goodpaster, Andrew J., Jr., General, USA; staff secretary to President Eisenhower from 1954 until 1961; Deputy Commander, Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, from 1968 until 1969; Supreme Allied Commander, Europe, from 1969 until 1974; Senior Fellow, Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, from 1975 until 1976; Superintendent, United States Military Academy, from June 1977 until July 1981; member, Commission on Integrated Long-Term Strategy; member, Citizens Network for Foreign Affairs
    • Gorbachev, Mikhail S., General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from March 11, 1985; also Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from October 1, 1988
    • Gorbachev, Raisa, wife of Mikhail Gorbachev
    • Graham, Billy, religious leader and televangelist
    • Gramm, William Philip “Phil,” member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Texas) until January 5, 1983; member, U.S. House of Representatives (R–Texas) from February 12, 1983, until January 3, 1985; Senator (R–Texas) from January 3, 1985
    • Graner, Ralph H., Deputy Director, Office of Inter-African Affairs, Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State, until 1982; Director, Office of Multilateral Affairs, Bureau of Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs, Department of State, from 1982 until 1984; Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy in Ndjamena, from 1984
    • Green, Grant S., Jr., Colonel, USA (Ret.); Military Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of Defense; Deputy Assistant to the President and General Counsel, NSC Office of the Legal Adviser, National Security Council; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Executive Secretary, National Security Council, from 1986 until 1987; thereafter, Assistant Secretary of Defense (Force Management and Personnel)
    • Greener, William I., III, Political Director, Republican National Committee
    • Gregg, Donald P. “Don,” member, Intelligence Coordination Cluster, National Security Council staff, until January 1981; thereafter, East Asia/China Cluster; Director, [Page XLVII] Intelligence Directorate, National Security Council, from 1981 until 1982; Assistant to the Vice President for National Security Affairs
    • Griscom, Thomas C. “Tom,” press secretary to Senator Howard Baker (R–Tennessee) until 1984; Executive Director, National Republican Senatorial Committee, from 1985 until 1986; member, Chief of Staff’s transition team, 1987; Assistant to the President for Communications and Planning and Director, Office of Communications, from April 2, 1987, until June 16, 1988
    • Gromyko, Andrei A., Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs until 1985; member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union; First Deputy Premier, from 1983 until 1985; Chair, Presidium of the USSR Supreme Soviet, from 1985 until October 1, 1988
    • Grooms Cowal, Sally M.S., Cultural Affairs Officer, U.S. Embassy in Tel Aviv, from 1978 until 1982; Director, International Youth Exchanges Program, United States Information Agency, from 1982 until 1983; Political Officer, U.S. Mission to the United Nations, from 1983 until 1985; Public Affairs Officer, U.S. Embassy in Mexico City, from 1985 until 1989; Chair, Public Diplomacy Working Group (interagency working group for public diplomacy for President Reagan’s 1987 trip to the Venice Economic Summit, Rome, the Vatican, West Berlin, and Bonn), Public Affairs Office, National Security Council
    • Haass, Richard N., Director, Office of Regional Security Affairs, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State, from 1981 until 1982; Deputy for Policy Planning, Office of the Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs and Special Cyprus Coordinator from 1982 until July 18, 1985; thereafter, lecturer, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University
    • Habib, Philip C. “Phil,” Special Representative of the President to the Middle East from May 1981 until July 1983; Personal Representative of the President to the Philippines, from February 11, 1986, until March 7, 1986; thereafter, President’s Special Envoy for Central America
    • Hackett, James T., Administrative Director, Office of Administration, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency; member, Department of State Transition Team, 1980; Associate Director for Management, International Communication Agency (reverted back to USIA in 1982)
    • Haig, Alexander M., Jr., General, USA (Ret.); Military Assistant to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs from 1969 until 1970; Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from 1970 until 1973; Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, in 1973; White House Chief of Staff from 1973 until 1974; Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command, from 1974 until 1978; President and Chief Operating Officer, United Technologies Corporation, from 1979 until 1981; member, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board; Secretary of State from January 22, 1981, until July 5, 1982; member, President’s Commission on Strategic Forces (Scowcroft Commission)
    • Hammarskjold, Dag, U.N. Secretary General from 1953 until 1961
    • Hart, Gary W., Senator (D–Colorado) until January 3, 1987; Democratic candidate for President in 1984 and 1988
    • Hartley, Muriel, Assistant to Secretary of State Haig
    • Hasegawa Kazutoshi, private secretary to Prime Minister Nakasone
    • Hatfield, Mark O., Senator (R–Oregon)
    • Hawke, Robert J.L. “Bob,” Prime Minister of Australia from March 11, 1983
    • Hayakawa, S.I., Senator (R–California) from January 2, 1977, until January 3, 1983
    • Healey, Denis, shadow British Foreign Minister and Deputy Leader of the Labour Party
    • Helms, Jesse, Senator (R–North Carolina); Chair, Senate Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee, from 1981 until 1987; member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee
    • Heng Samrin, President of the People’s Republic of Kampuchea (Cambodia) and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Kampuchean People’s Revolutionary Party
    • Hermes, Peter, West German Ambassador to the United States until 1984; West German Ambassador to the Vatican from 1984 until 1987
    • Herrera Campíns, Luis, President of Venezuela until February 2, 1984
    • Herres, Robert T., General, USAF; Commander in Chief, North American Aerospace Command and Commander of U.S. Air Force Space Command from July 1984 until September 1985; Commander in Chief, U.S. Space Command and Commander in Chief, North American Air Defense Command, from September 1985; Vice Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff, from February 6, 1987
    • Hewitt, Ashley C., Jr., Political Officer, U.S. Embassy in Madrid until 1982; Political Officer, U.S. Embassy in Panama City from 1983 until 1985; member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from 1985
    • Hill, M. Charles, Political Officer, U.S. Embassy in Tel Aviv; Director, Israeli and Arab-Israeli Affairs, Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, Department of State, from 1982; Special Assistant to the Secretary and Executive Secretary of the Department of State from March 28, 1983, until January 1, 1985; thereafter, Executive Assistant to the Secretary
    • Hodel, Donald P., Under Secretary of the Interior from February 1981 until November 1982; Secretary of Energy from November 5, 1982, until February 7, 1985; Secretary of the Interior from February 8, 1985, until January 20, 1989
    • Holdridge, John H., Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from May 28, 1981, until December 9, 1982; U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia from February 19, 1983, until January 7, 1986
    • Hollings, Ernest F. “Fritz,” Senator (D–South Carolina); Democratic candidate for President in 1984
    • Honecker, Erich, Chairman of the State Council of the German Democratic Republic and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany
    • Howe, Jonathan T., Rear Admiral, USN; Senior Military Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1981 until 1982; Director, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State, from May 10, 1982, until July 1, 1984; Deputy Chairman, NATO Military Committee, from 1986 until 1987; Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1987 until 1989
    • Huang Hua, PRC Vice Premier and Foreign Minister until 1982
    • Huddleston, Walter D., Senator (D–Kentucky), until January 3, 1985
    • Hull, Cordell, Secretary of State from March 4, 1933, until November 30, 1944
    • Hummel, Arthur W., Jr., U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan until July 19, 1981; U.S. Ambassador to China from September 24, 1981, until September 24, 1985
    • Humphrey, Gordon J., Senator (R–New Hampshire)
    • Husak, Gustav, First Secretary of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia until December 1987; President of Czechoslovakia until December 1989
    • Hussein, Saddam, President of Iraq
    • Hussein bin Talal I (Husayn ibn), King of Jordan
    • Iklé, Frederick C. “Fred,” Director, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, from 1973 until 1977; Senior Foreign Policy Adviser, Reagan-Bush Committee; adviser, Reagan Transition Team group on National Security; Under Secretary of Defense for Policy from April 2, 1981, until February 19, 1988; co-chair, Commission on Integrated Long-Term Strategy
    • Inouye, Daniel K., Senator (D–Hawaii); member, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence; Senior Counselor, National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (Kissinger Commission)
    • Ito Masayoshi, Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs until May 18, 1981
    • Jackson, Henry M. “Scoop,” Senator (D–Washington) until his death on September 1, 1983; member, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence; member, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board; Senior Counselor, National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (Kissinger Commission)
    • Jaruzelski, Wojciech, General, First Secretary, Central Committee, Polish United Workers Party; Prime Minister of Poland from 1981 until 1985; Polish Defense Minister; Head of the Polish Council of State from 1985
    • Javits, Jacob K., Senator (R–New York) until January 3, 1981
    • Jepsen, Roger W., Senator (R–Iowa) from January 3, 1979, until January 3, 1985; Co-Chair, Joint Economic Committee
    • John Paul II (Karol Wojtyla), Supreme Pontiff of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City
    • Johnson, Lyndon Baines, President of the United States from November 22, 1963, until January 20, 1969
    • Juan Carlos I, King of Spain
    • Kadar, Janos, General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers’ Party until May 1988; Prime Minister of Hungary from 1956 until 1958 and from 1961 until 1965
    • Kalb, Marvin, chief diplomatic correspondent, NBC News; panelist, 1984 presidential debates; moderator, NBC News public affairs program Meet the Press from 1984 until 1987
    • Kampelman, Max M., Ambassador and Co-Chair, U.S. Delegation to the review meeting of the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe from 1980 until 1981; Chair, CSCE follow up meeting in Madrid, from 1981 until 1983; Head of Delegation to the Negotiations on Nuclear and Space Talks and Defense and Space Negotiator, Office of Negotiations on Nuclear and Space Arms With the Soviet Union, Office of the Secretary of State, from March 5, 1987, until January 20, 1989; Counselor of the Department of State from July 15, 1987, until January 20, 1989
    • Kanter, Arnold L., “Arnie,” Deputy Director, Office of Policy Analysis, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State until May 1981; Director, Office of Policy Analysis, from May 1981 until September 1983; Deputy to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs in 1984; Deputy Director, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, from 1985; thereafter, Senior Staff Member, RAND Corp.
    • Kaplan, Philip S. “Phil,” Director, Office of Multilateral Affairs Plans and Coordination, Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Political and Multilateral Affairs, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, from 1979 until February 1981; Deputy Director, Policy Planning Staff; Staff Director, Policy Planning Council, from February 1981 until 1985; Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy in Manila, from 1985; Chargé d’ Affaires, U.S. Embassy in Manila in 1987; Deputy U.S. Representative to the Negotiations on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe from 1989
    • Karita Yoshio, Director, First North American Division, Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs
    • Karmal, Babrak, President of Afghanistan until May 4, 1986
    • Kassebaum, Nancy Landon, Senator (R–Kansas); Chair, Subcommittee on African Affairs, Senate Foreign Relations Committee
    • Kasten, Robert W., Jr., member, U.S. House of Representatives (R–Wisconsin) until January 3, 1979; Senator (R–Wisconsin) from January 3, 1981
    • Kauzlarich, Richard Dale, “Dick,” Economic Officer, U.S. Embassy in Tel Aviv until 1983; Director, Operations Center, Executive Secretariat, Department of State, from 1983 until 1984; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Economic, Social, and Private Sector Affairs, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, from 1984 until 1986; Deputy Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from 1986 until 1989
    • Keating, Robert B., consultant, international security affairs, Office of the Secretary of Defense, from 1981 until 1982; consultant to the office of General Counsel at the Department of the Navy from 1982 until 1983; U.S. Ambassador to Madagascar and the Comoros from August 11, 1983, until May 1, 1986; thereafter, U.S. Executive Director of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
    • Keel, Alton G., Jr. “Al,” Senior Professional Staff, Senate Armed Services Committee, until 1981; Assistant Secretary of the Air Force (Research, Development and Logistics) from 1981 until 1982; associate director for national security and international affairs, Office of Management and Budget, from September 1982; Executive Director, Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident, from February 10, 1986; Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and acting Principal Deputy to the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from July 15 until November 24, 1986; Acting President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs from November 25, 1986, until December 18, 1986; U.S. Permanent Representative, U.S. Mission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, from March 13, 1987
    • Kelley, Paul X., General, USMC; Assistant Commandant, U.S. Marine Corps and Chief of Staff, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps, from July 1, 1981, until July 1, 1983; Commandant, U.S. Marine Corps, from July 1, 1983, until June 30, 1987
    • Kelly, David Barry, Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, Intelligence and Multilateral Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from February 11, 1987, until 1988
    • Kelly, James A. “Jim,” Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs (East Asia and Pacific Affairs), from June 1983 until March 1986; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, Asian Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from March 28, 1986, until 1988
    • Kemp, Geoffrey T.H., Director, Near East and South Asia, Political Affairs Office, National Security Council, from 1981 until 1983; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, Near East and South Asia Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from June 3, 1983, until 1985; thereafter, senior associate and Director, Middle East Arms Control Project, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
    • Kemp, Jack, Special Assistant to Governor Reagan during 1967; member, U.S. House of Representatives (R–New York), from January 3, 1971, until January 3, 1989; Senior Counselor, National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (Kissinger Commission); Republican candidate for president in 1988
    • Kennan, George F., Professor of History, Princeton University; Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from May 5, 1947, until July 11, 1951, and Counselor from August 4, 1949, until July 11, 1951; U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union from May 14, 1952, until September 19, 1952; U.S. Ambassador to Yugoslavia from May 16, 1961, until July 28, 1963
    • Kennedy, Edward M. “Ted,” Senator (D–Massachusetts); Chair, Senate Labor and Human Resources Committee, from 1987; Democratic candidate for President in 1980
    • Kennedy, John F., President of the United States from January 20, 1961, until his death on November 22, 1963
    • Kérékou, Mathieu, President of Benin
    • Kerry, John F., Democratic Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts from March 6, 1983, until January 2, 1985; thereafter, Senator (D–Massachusetts)
    • Keyes, Alan L., member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from 1981 until 1983; U.S. Representative, U.N. Economic and Social Council, from 1983; Alternative Representative to the United Nations until November 1985; Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs, from November 13, 1985, until November 17, 1987
    • Khedouri, Frederick N. “Fred,” Associate Director for Natural Resources, Energy and Science, Office of Management and Budget, from 1981 until 1985; also Associate Director for Policy and Planning from 1983 until 1985; Assistant to the Vice President for Policy and Deputy Chief of Staff, from 1985 until 1987
    • Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah Mussavi, Religious Leader of Iran
    • Khrushchev, Nikita, First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 until 1964
    • Kim Il-sung, Marshal, President of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Worker’s Party of Korea
    • King, Barrington, Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy in Islamabad until 1984; U.S. Ambassador to Brunei from May 28, 1984, until April 30, 1987
    • King, Martin Luther, Jr., Reverend, civil rights activist; recipient, Nobel Peace Prize in 1964
    • Kingon, Alfred H. “Al,” Assistant Secretary of Commerce (International Economic Policy) from 1983 until 1984; Assistant Secretary of the Treasury (Policy Planning and Communications) from March 1984 until January 1985; Cabinet Secretary and Deputy Assistant to the President from January 1985; Cabinet Secretary and Assistant to the President from January 7, 1986; Chief of Mission, U.S. Mission to the European Communities at Brussels, from March 27, 1987
    • Kirkland, Lane, President, AFL–CIO; member, National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (Kissinger Commission)
    • Kirkpatrick, Jeane J., Professor of Government, Georgetown University; member, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board; U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations from February 4, 1981, until April 1, 1985; President’s Representative to the National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (Kissinger Commission); member, President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
    • Kishi Nobusuke, Prime Minister of Japan from 1957 until 1958 and in 1959
    • Kissinger, Henry A., President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs from 1969 until November 3, 1975, and Secretary of State from September 21, 1973, until January 20, 1977; member, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board; chair, National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (Kissinger Commission); member, President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board, from 1984; member, Commission on Integrated Long-Term Strategy
    • Kitamura Hiroshi, Director General, North American Affairs Bureau, Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, from August 1982 until July 1984
    • Kloske, Dennis E., Special Assistant to the U.S. Ambassador to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization from 1983 until 1985; Special Adviser for Armaments to the U.S. Ambassador to NATO from 1985 until 1987 and Special Adviser for NATO Armaments to the Deputy Secretary of Defense in 1986; detailed to the White House as Adviser to the Special Counselor to the President in 1987; Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Planning and Resources from 1987
    • Klosson, Michael, Office of Japan, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State until 1981; Special Assistant to Secretaries of State Haig and Shultz from 1981 until 1983; Deputy Director for Political Affairs, Office of European Security and Political Affairs, Bureau of European and Canadian Affairs, Department of State, from 1984; thereafter, Secretariat Staff Director, Executive Secretariat, Department of State
    • Kohl, Helmut, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany from October 1, 1982
    • Kondracke, Morton, executive editor, the New Republic; panelist, 1984 presidential debates
    • Kordek, John F., Director, Office of American Republic Affairs, United States Information Agency, from 1983 until 1985; Director, Office of European Affairs, United States Information Agency, from 1985; Counselor of the United States Information Agency until 1988; U.S. Ambassador to Botswana from September 29, 1988
    • Kornblum, John C., Political Officer, U.S. Mission at Berlin until 1981; Director, Office of Central European Affairs, Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State, from 1981 until 1985; Deputy U.S. Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization from 1987
    • Kosygin, Aleksey, Chairman of the Soviet Council of Ministers, until 1980
    • Kraemer, Sven F., Planning/Policy, Defense Policy Directorate, National Security Council, from 1981 until 1982; staff member, Defense Policy Directorate, National Security Council, from 1982 until 1983; Director of Arms Control, Defense Programs and Arms Control Directorate, National Security Council, from 1983 until 1987
    • Kraigher, Sergej, President of Yugoslavia from May 15, 1981, until May 15, 1982
    • Kreisky, Bruno, Chancellor of Austria until May 24, 1983
    • Lake, W. Anthony K. “Tony,” member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, during the Nixon administration; Director, Policy Planning Staff, from January 21, 1977, until January 20, 1981
    • Laux, David N., Director, East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Political Affairs Office, National Security Council in 1982; Director, Asian Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1983 until 1987
    • Leahy, Patrick, Senator (D–Vermont); member, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence; Chair, Senate Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry Committee, from 1987
    • Ledsky, Nelson C., acting Chief of Mission, U.S. Mission at Berlin; Principal Deputy Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from August 1985 until April 1987; Deputy Senior Director, European and Soviet Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from April 1987 until April 1988; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, European and Soviet Affairs Directorate, from April 18, 1988; Special Cyprus Coordinator, Department of State, from 1989
    • Lee Kuan Yew, Prime Minister of Singapore
    • Lehman, Ronald F., II “Ron,” Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director, Defense Programs and Arms Control Directorate, National Security Council, from May 1983 until 1986; Deputy U.S. Negotiator for Strategic Nuclear Arms from January 1985; Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs for Defense Policy from January 29, 1986; Chief U.S. Negotiator on Strategic Arms from 1986 until 1988; Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Policy from 1988
    • Leland, Marc E., Deputy Under Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs (designated as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury for International Affairs) from 1981 until 1984
    • Lenczowski, John, Office of the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from 1981 until 1983; Director, Soviet Union/Eastern Europe, Political Affairs Office, National Security Council, 1983; Director, European and Soviet Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1983 until 1987
    • Lenz, Allen J., Staff Director for Coordination, Office of the Executive Secretary, National Security Council
    • Leonard, Burleigh C.W., legislative coordinator at the Department of Agriculture for the Reagan Transition Team; Legislative Director, Senate Agriculture Committee during 1981; staff member, Office of Policy Development, from 1981 until 1982; Deputy Assistant Director for Energy, Agriculture, Natural Resources, Office of Policy Development, from 1982 until 1984; Special Assistant to the President for Policy Development and Executive Secretary of the Cabinet Council on Food and Agriculture from March 14, 1984
    • Leonard, James F., Assistant Director, International Relations Bureau, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, from 1969 until 1973; Deputy to the Special Representative of the President to the Middle East peace negotiations from May 12, 1979, until 1981; co-founder, Scientists Working Group on Biological and Chemical Weapons
    • Levin, Carl, Senator (D–Michigan) from January 3, 1979
    • Levin, Norman D., analyst, RAND Corp.; member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from 1984 until 1987
    • Levitsky, Melvyn, Director, Office of UN Political Affairs (later UN Political and Multilateral Affairs), Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Political and Multilateral Affairs, Bureau of International Organization Affairs; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Human Rights and Humanitarian Affairs from 1982 until 1983; detailed to the United States Information Agency as Deputy Director of the Voice of America in 1983; U.S. Ambassador to Bulgaria from November 13, 1984, until February 6, 1987; Special Assistant to the Secretary and Executive Secretary of the Department of State from February 13, 1987, until March 25, 1989
    • Lewis, Andrew L., Jr. “Drew,” Deputy Chairman, Republican National Committee; Deputy Director, Office of the President-elect; Secretary of Transportation from January 23, 1981, until February 1, 1983
    • Libby, I. Lewis, member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from 1981 until 1982; Director of Special Projects, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State, from 1982 until 1985
    • Lie, Trygve, United Nations Secretary General from 1946 until 1952
    • Lilley, James R., Director, East Asia/Pacific Affairs, Political Affairs Office, National Security Council, from February until November 1981; Director, American Institute in Taiwan, from 1982 until 1984; consultant on international security affairs at the Department of Defense from 1984 until 1985; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, from 1985 until October 1986; U.S. Ambassador to Korea from November 26, 1986, until January 3, 1989
    • Linhard, Robert E. “Bob,” Colonel, USAF; Director of Defense Programs, Defense Programs and Arms Control Directorate, National Security Council, from November 1981 until 1986; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, Defense Programs and Arms Control Directorate, National Security Council, from January 29, 1986
    • Linowitz, Sol M., U.S. Permanent Representative to the Organization of American States from 1966 until 1969; Special Representative of the President to the Middle East peace negotiations from December 4, 1979; member, Citizens Network for Foreign Affairs
    • Littlefield, Edmund W., General Manager, Utah International Inc.; former President of the Business Council during the 1970s
    • Long, Clarence D., member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Maryland)
    • Longo, D. Thomas, Jr., Office of Eastern European Affairs, Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State, until 1981; Foreign Affairs Analyst, Office of Analysis for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State, from 1981 until 1983; Office of Western European Affairs, Bureau of European and Canadian Affairs, Department of State, from 1983
    • López Portillo y Pacheco, José, President of Mexico until November 30, 1982
    • Lord, Carnes R., Director, Ideology and Strategic Concepts, Planning and Evaluation Directorate, National Security Council, from 1981 until 1983; Director, International Communications and Information Directorate, National Security Council, from 1983
    • Lord, Winston “Win,” member, National Security Council staff, from 1969 until 1970; staff member, Office of the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, from 1970; Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from October 12, 1973, until January 20, 1977; Executive Director, Council of Foreign Relations; Senior Counselor, National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (Kissinger Commission); U.S. Ambassador to the People’s Republic of China from November 19, 1985, until April 23, 1989
    • Lott, Chester Trent, member, U.S. House of Representatives (R–Mississippi) until January 1989; thereafter. Senator (R–Mississippi)
    • Lowenkron, Barry F., member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from 1983 until 1984; Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State, from 1984 until 1986; member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from 1986
    • Luers, William “Bill,” U.S. Ambassador to Venezuela until June 28, 1982; U.S. Ambassador to Czechoslovakia from December 29, 1983, until March 11, 1986
    • Luft, R. David, member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from 1981 to 1984; thereafter, Senior Policy Advisor, U.S. Mission to the Organization of American States, Bureau of Inter-American Affairs, Department of State; Deputy Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Services
    • Lugar, Richard G., Senator (R–Indiana); member, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence; Chair, Senate Foreign Relations Committee, from 1985; Chair, Subcommittee on European Affairs, Senate Foreign Relations Committee
    • Luns, Joseph M.A.H., Secretary-General, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, until June 25, 1984
    • Lyman, Princeton W., Director, Office of Inter-African Affairs and Staff Director, NSC Interdepartmental Group, Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State, from 1980 until 1981; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs from June 1981 until September 1986; U.S. Ambassador to Nigeria from October 10, 1986
    • Lyng, Richard E., consultant on food and agriculture; Deputy Secretary of Agriculture from 1981 until 1985; consultant, Lyng and Lesher, Inc., from 1985 until 1986; Secretary of Agriculture from March 6, 1986
    • MacGuigan, Mark, Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs until September 9, 1982; thereafter, Canadian Justice Minister and Attorney General
    • Machel, Samora Moises, President of Mozambique until October 19, 1986
    • Macias Nguema, Francisco, President of Equatorial Guinea until August 1979
    • Magana, Alvaro, President of El Salvador from May 2, 1982, until June 1, 1984
    • Mandela, Nelson, Leader of the African National Congress
    • Mansfield, Michael J. “Mike,” U.S. Ambassador to Japan until December 22, 1988
    • Marcos, Ferdinand E., President of the Philippines until February 25, 1986
    • Marshall, Andrew W. “Andy,” Director, Office of Net Assessment, Department of Defense
    • Marshall, George C., Secretary of State from January 21, 1947, until January 20, 1949; Secretary of Defense from September 21, 1950, until September 12, 1951
    • Mason, Elvis L., Chief Executive Officer, InterFirst Corporation
    • Mathias, Charles McCurdy, Jr. “Mac,” Senator (R–Maryland); member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee; Senior Counselor, National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (Kissinger Commission)
    • Matlock, John F., Jr. “Jack,” Chargé d’ Affaires, U.S. Embassy in Moscow, from January until July 1981; U.S. Ambassador to Czechoslovakia from November 11, 1981, until September 20, 1983; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, European and Soviet Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from September 1983 until 1987; U.S. Ambassador to the Soviet Union from April 6, 1987
    • Matsunaga, Spark Masayuki, Senator (D–Hawaii)
    • Mauroy, Pierre, Prime Minister of France from 1981 until July 17, 1984
    • McCall, Sherrod B., Political Officer, U.S. Embassy in Moscow; Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy in Stockholm; Director, Office of Analysis for East Asia and the Pacific, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State; Deputy Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State
    • McClaughry, John T., Senior Policy Adviser, Office of Policy Development; Executive Secretary, Cabinet Council on Food and Agriculture
    • McCloy, John J., President, World Bank and International Monetary Fund, from 1947 until 1949; U.S. High Commission for Germany from 1949 until 1952; Chair, Chase Manhattan Bank, from 1953 until 1960; Chair, Ford Foundation, from 1958 until 1965; adviser to numerous Presidents; member, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board
    • McFarlane, Robert C. “Bud,” Colonel, USMC (Ret.); member, Department of State Transition Team; Counselor of the Department of State from February 28, 1981, until April 4, 1982; Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from 1982 until August 1983; Personal Representative of the President to the Middle East from July 22 until October 17, 1983; President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs from October 17, 1983, until December 4, 1985
    • McGhee, George C., Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs, from June 28, 1949, until December 19, 1951; U.S. Ambassador to Turkey from January 15, 1952, until June 19, 1953; Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from February 13 until November 29, 1961, and Counselor from February 16, 1961, until December 3, 1961; Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs, from December 4, 1961, [Page LV] until March 28, 1963; U.S. Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany from May 18, 1963, until May 21, 1968; Ambassador at Large from May 24, 1968, until March 15, 1969
    • McGovern, George S., Senator (D–South Dakota) until January 3, 1981; Democratic nominee for President in 1972; Democratic candidate for President in 1968 and 1984
    • McKinley, Brunson, Political Officer, U.S. Embassy in London, until 1981; Political Officer, U.S. Mission at Berlin, from 1981 until 1983; Deputy Executive Secretary of the Department of State from 1983; U.S. Ambassador to Haiti from October 9, 1986
    • McMahon, John N., Deputy Director for Operations, Central Intelligence Agency, from January 1978 until April 1981; Deputy Director for National Foreign Assessment; Executive Director, Central Intelligence Agency, from January 4 until June 1982; Deputy Director of Central Intelligence from June 1982 until March 1986
    • McManaway, Clayton E., Jr. “Clay,” Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Classification/Declassification, Bureau of Administration, Department of State, from 1978 until 1981; Deputy Executive Secretary of the Department of State from September 1981 until June 1983; U.S. Ambassador to Haiti from January 10, 1984, until August 18, 1986; Associate Coordinator, Counterterrorism, Department of State, from 1987 until 1989
    • McMinn, Douglas W., Deputy Chief of Mission, Office of the United States Trade Representative in Geneva until 1981; Director, International Economic Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1982 until 1985; Director of Trade, Planning and Evaluation Directorate, in 1985; Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs from July 19, 1985, until November 30, 1987
    • McMullen, R. Bruce “Robert,” Deputy Director, Office of Development Finance, International Finance and Development, Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs, Department of State, until August 1983; Economic/Commercial Officer, U.S. Embassy in Dhaka, from August 1983
    • McNamar, Robert T. “Tim” or “R.T.,” Executive Director, Federal Trade Commission, until 1977; Deputy Secretary of the Treasury from 1981 until 1985
    • McNamara, Robert S., Secretary of Defense from January 21, 1961, until February 29, 1968; President, World Bank and International Monetary Fund, from April 1, 1968, until July 1, 1981
    • McPherson, M. Peter, General Counsel, Reagan Transition Team; Acting Counsel to the President from January 20 until February 26, 1981; acting Director, International Development Cooperation Agency; Director, Agency for International Development, from February 27, 1981, until August 7, 1987; thereafter, Deputy Secretary of the Treasury
    • Meese, Edwin, III “Ed,” Chief of Staff, Reagan for President campaign; Director, Reagan Transition Team; Counselor to the President from January 21, 1981, until February 24, 1985; Attorney General from February 25, 1985, until August 12, 1988
    • Menges, Constantine C., National Intelligence Officer for Latin America, Central Intelligence Agency, from 1981 until 1983; Senior Director, Latin American Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1983 until 1985; also Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from January 24, 1984, until 1985; thereafter, Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director, International Communications and Information Directorate, National Security Council
    • Michalopoulos, Constantine, Director, Office of Economic Affairs, Bureau for Program and Policy Coordination, Agency for International Development
    • Michel, Robert H. “Bob,” member, U.S. House of Representatives (R–Illinois); House Minority Leader
    • Miki Takeo, Prime Minister of Japan from 1974 until 1976
    • Miles, Richard M., Yugoslav Desk Officer, Office of Eastern European Affairs, Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State, until fall 1981; Deputy Director, Office of Regional Security Affairs, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State, from August 1981 until September 1983; assistant to Senator Ernest Hollings (D–South Carolina) from 1983 until 1984; Political Officer, U.S. Embassy in Belgrade, from August 1984 until 1987; fellow, Center for International Affairs, Harvard University, from 1987 until 1988
    • Miller, James C., III “Jim,” Administrator, Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget and Executive Director, Presidential Task Force on Regulatory Relief, until September 1981; member and Chairman, Federal Trade Commission, from September 1981 until 1985; Director, Office of Management and Budget, from October 8, 1985, until October 15, 1988
    • Mitchell, George J., Senator (D–Maine) from May 19, 1980
    • Mitterrand, Francois, President of France from May 26, 1981
    • Moellering, John H., Lieutenant General, USA (Ret.); Assistant to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from 1985 until 1987
    • Moi, Daniel T. arap, President of Kenya
    • Molander, Roger C., member, Defense Coordination Cluster, National Security Council staff, during the Carter administration; leader, Ground Zero movement
    • Mondale, Walter F., “Fritz,” Vice President of the United States from January 20, 1977, until January 20, 1981; Democratic candidate for President in 1984; Democratic nominee for President in 1984
    • Moore, Powell A., Assistant Director for Congressional Relations, Reagan Transition Team in 1980 and 1981; Deputy Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs, Office of Legislative Affairs; Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs; Assistant Secretary of State for Congressional Relations from February 8, 1982, until August 5, 1983
    • Morán López, Fernando, Spanish Foreign Minister from 1982 until 1985
    • Morgan, Robert B., Senator (D–North Carolina) until January 3, 1981
    • Morgenthau, Hans J., political scientist; Professor, University of Chicago, City University of New York, and New School for Social Research; also, consultant to the Departments of State and Defense
    • Motley, Langhorne Anthony “Tony,” U.S. Ambassador to Brazil from October 6, 1981, until July 6, 1983; Assistant Secretary of State for Inter-American Affairs from July 12, 1983, until July 3, 1985
    • Moynihan, Daniel Patrick, Senator (D–New York); Vice Chair, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence
    • Mubarak, Mohammed Hosni, Vice President of Egypt until October 13, 1981; thereafter, President of Egypt
    • Mulroney, Martin Brian, Prime Minister of Canada from September 17, 1984
    • Murata Ryohei, Director General, Economic Affairs Bureau, Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, from August 1982 until October 1984
    • Murtha, John, member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Pennsylvania)
    • Murphy, Richard W. “Dick,” U.S. Ambassador to the Philippines until August 10, 1981; U.S. Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from August 29, 1981, until August 21, 1983; Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs from October 28, 1983
    • Muskie, Edmund S., Democratic nominee for Vice President in 1968; Democratic candidate for President in 1972; Senator (D–Maine) until May 1980; Secretary of State from May 8, 1980, until January 18, 1981; member, President’s Special Review Board on the National Security Council (Tower Board), from 1986 until 1987
    • Myer, Allan A., Lieutenant Colonel, USA; staff member, Special Projects, National Security Council, in 1981; staff member, Defense Policy Directorate, National Security Council, from 1982 until 1983; Director of Defense Programs, Defense Programs and Arms Control Directorate, National Security Council, from 1983 until 1984
    • Nakajima Toshijiro, Japanese Deputy Minister for Foreign Affairs
    • Nakasone Yasuhiro, Prime Minister of Japan from November 27, 1982, until November 6, 1987
    • Nance, James W. “Bud,” Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from January 1981 until January 1982
    • Nau, Henry R., Director, International Economics, Planning and Evaluation Directorate, National Security Council, from February 1981 until July 1983; responsible for coordinating policy for G–7 economic summits
    • Negroponte, John D., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from 1980 until 1981; U.S. Ambassador to Honduras from November 11, 1981, until May 30, 1985; Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs from July 19, 1985, until November 23, 1987; thereafter, President’s Deputy Assistant for National Security Affairs
    • Neumann, Robert G., Vice Chair, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University, from 1980; head, Department of State Transition Team; U.S. Ambassador to Saudi Arabia from June 22 until July 16, 1981
    • Newell, Gregory J., Special Assistant to the President for Appointments and Scheduling, Office of Appointments and Scheduling, from 1981 until 1982; Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs from June 4, 1982, until November 12, 1985; U.S. Ambassador to Sweden from December 19, 1985
    • Newman, Edwin, syndicated columnist, King Features; moderator, 1984 presidential debates
    • Niles, Thomas M.T., Director, Office of Central European Affairs, Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State, from 1979 until 1982; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs from 1982 until 1985; U.S. Ambassador to Canada from September 10, 1985
    • Nitze, Paul H., Director of the Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from January 1, 1950, until May 28, 1953; Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs during the Kennedy administration; Secretary of the Navy during the Johnson administration; member, delegation to the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, during the Nixon administration; Chief U.S. Negotiator, Intermediate-Range Nuclear Force Negotiations, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, from November 1981; Special Representative for Arms Control and Disarmament Negotiations from January 1984; Adviser to the Secretary of State for the Geneva Talks from December 1984; Special Advisor to the President and Secretary of State on Arms Control Matters from 1985; Ambassador at Large from May 22, 1986, until May 1, 1989
    • Nixon, Richard M., President of the United States from January 20, 1969, until August 9, 1974
    • Noonan, Margaret “Peggy,” Producer, CBS News, from 1981 until 1984; Speechwriter, White House Office of Speechwriting, from April until December 1984; Special Assistant to the President for Presidential Speechwriting from 1984 until 1986
    • Novak, Robert D. “Bob,” syndicated columnist with Rowland Evans of “Evans & Novak”
    • Nunn, Samuel A. “Sam,” Senator (D–Georgia); Chair, Senate Armed Services Committee, from January 3, 1987
    • Nyerere, Julius K., President of Tanzania until November 5, 1985
    • Oakley, Robert B., U.S. Ambassador to Zaire until August 22, 1982; U.S. Ambassador to Somalia from January 26, 1983, until August 12, 1984; Director, Office for Counter-terrorism and Emergency Planning, Department of State, from September 1984 until September 1986; resident fellow, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, Middle East, South Asia, and North Africa Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from February 11, 1987; U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan from September 1, 1988
    • Obando y Bravo, Miguel, Monsignor, Catholic Archbishop of Managua and Cardinal for Central America
    • Oberdorfer, Don, reporter, Washington Post
    • O’Donohue, Daniel A., Deputy Director, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State, from 1978 until 1981; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and [Page LVIII] Pacific Affairs from 1981 until 1983; U.S. Ambassador to Burma from December 26, 1983, until December 16, 1986; Deputy Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from 1987 until 1988; U.S. Ambassador to Thailand from August 13, 1988
    • Okawara Yoshio, Japanese Ambassador to the United States
    • Olmer, Lionel H., Under Secretary of Commerce for International Trade and head, International Trade Administration, from January 1981 until 1985
    • O’Neill, Thomas P., Jr. “Tip,” member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Massachusetts) and Speaker of the House of Representatives
    • Orfila, Alejandro, Secretary-General, Organization of American States, until June 1984
    • Ortega Saavedra, Humberto, Nicaraguan Defense Minister
    • Ortega Saavedra, Jose Daniel, Coordinator of the Junta of National Reconstruction of Nicaragua until January 10, 1985; thereafter, President of Nicaragua
    • Osgood, Robert E., Assistant for Programs, National Security Council staff, from 1969; Director, National Security Council Planning Group, from 1969 until 1970; Dean, School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, from 1973 until 1979; adviser, Reagan for President campaign; Council member, Policy Planning Council, Department of State, from 1983
    • Owen, Henry D., Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from June 19, 1966, until February 8, 1969; Director of Foreign Policy Studies, Brookings Institution, until March 1977; member, International Economics Cluster, National Security Council staff, from 1977 until 1981; Ambassador at Large and Coordinator for Economic Summit Affairs from October 20, 1978, until January 21, 1981
    • Pahr, Willibald, Austrian Foreign Minister until May 24, 1983
    • Palme, Olof, UN Special Representative to Iran and Iraq from 1979 until 1982; Prime Minister of Sweden from October 8, 1982, until his death on February 28, 1986
    • Palmer, Robie M.H. “Mark,” Deputy for Policy Planning, Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State in 1981; Deputy to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs from November 1982; U.S. Ambassador to Hungary from December 8, 1986
    • Papandreou, Andreas, Prime Minister of Greece and Minister of National Defense
    • Pappageorge, John, member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State
    • Pascoe, B. Lynn, Political Officer, U.S. Embassy in Moscow, until 1982; Deputy Director, Office of Soviet Union Affairs, Bureau of European and Canadian Affairs, Department of State, from 1983; thereafter, Deputy Executive Secretary of the Department of State
    • Pastora Gomez, Edén Atanacio “Comandante Cero,” former Sandinista leader; founder, Democratic Revolutionary Alliance (ARDE)
    • Pell, Claiborne, Senator (D–Rhode Island); member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee; Chair, Senate Foreign Relations Committee, from January 3, 1987
    • Percy, Charles H., Senator (R–Illinois); Chair, Senate Foreign Relations Committee, from January 3, 1981, until January 3, 1985
    • Peres, Shimon, Prime Minister of Israel from September 13, 1984, until October 20, 1986; Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs from October 20, 1986, until December 23, 1988
    • Pérez de Cuéllar, Javier, Peruvian Ambassador to the Soviet Union; United Nations Secretary General from January 1, 1982
    • Perito, Robert M. “Bob,” Special Assistant to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs until 1982; Special Assistant to the Deputy Secretary of State from 1982; Director, Office of China Affairs, Department of Commerce, from 1982 until 1983; Political Officer and Human Rights Officer, U.S. Mission to the European Office of the United Nations and Other International Organizations in Geneva, from 1984 until 1986; Deputy Director for Northern Tier Countries, Office of Eastern European and Yugoslavia Affairs, Bureau of European and Canadian Affairs, Department of State; thereafter, Deputy Executive Secretary, National Security Council
    • Pertini, Alessandro “Sandro,” President of Italy until June 29, 1985
    • Pierce, Samuel R., Jr., Secretary of Housing and Urban Development from January 23, 1981, until January 20, 1989
    • Pinochet Ugarte, Augusto, General; President of Chile
    • Pipes, Richard E., Professor of History, Harvard University; member, Committee on the Present Danger, from 1977 until 1980; member, Department of State Transition Team, 1980; Director, Soviet Union/Eastern Europe, Political Affairs Office, National Security Council, from February 1981 until December 1982
    • Platt, Alexander H., associate general counsel, Office of the U.S. Trade Representative; acting Assistant U.S. Trade Representative for Congressional Affairs in 1985; Director, International Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1985 until 1987
    • Platt, Nicholas, member, National Security Council staff, East Asia/Chinese Affairs, from 1978 until 1980; Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs from 1980 until 1981; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs from July 1981 until July 1982; U.S. Ambassador to Zambia from August 31, 1982, until December 17, 1984; Special Assistant to the Secretary and Executive Secretary of the Department of State from January 7, 1985, until February 13, 1987; U.S. Ambassador to the Philippines from August 27, 1987
    • Poindexter, John M., Rear Admiral, USN; Military Assistant to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs from 1981 until 1983; Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from October 1983 until 1985; President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs from December 4, 1985, until November 25, 1986
    • Pompidou, Georges, President of France until 1974
    • Powell, Colin L., Brigadier General, USA (Major General from August 1, 1983, until February 26, 1986; Lieutenant General, from February 26, 1986); senior Military Assistant to Deputy Secretary of Defense Carlucci from January 1981 until May 1981; senior Military Assistant to Secretary of Defense Weinberger from 1983 until 1986; Commanding General, Headquarters Fifth Corps, Frankfurt, in 1986; Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs from late 1986 until 1987; President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs from November 5, 1987, until January 20, 1989
    • Pratt, Mark S., Deputy Director, Office of Regional Affairs, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State, from 1981 until 1982; Taiwan Coordination Adviser from 1982 until 1986; Consul General, U.S. Consulate at Guangzhou, from 1986
    • Qaddafi, Muammar, “Muamar Gaddafi,” Colonel; Chairman, Revolutionary Command Council of Libya
    • Quainton, Anthony C.E., Director, Office for Combatting Terrorism, Department of State, and chairman, NSC/SCC Executive Committee and Working Group on Terrorism, until August 1, 1981; U.S. Ambassador to Nicaragua from March 26, 1982, until May 6, 1984; U.S. Ambassador to Kuwait from September 19, 1984, until August 14, 1987; thereafter, Deputy Inspector General, Department of State
    • Quinn, Kenneth M., Deputy Executive Secretary of the Department of State from December 1984
    • Randolph, Raymond Sean “R. Sean,” member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State from 1981; Special Adviser for Policy and Deputy Director, Office of Regional Affairs, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State; Deputy Assistant Secretary of Energy for International Affairs from 1985
    • Raphel, Arnold L. “Arnie,” Special Assistant to Secretary of State Vance from 1979 until 1981; The Senior Seminar, from 1981 until 1982; Deputy Director, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State, from June 1982; Senior Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, from April 1984; U.S. Ambassador to Pakistan from June 24, 1987, until August 17, 1988
    • Rashish, Myer, member, Department of State Transition Team, 1980; member, Advisory Committee for Trade Negotiations; Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs from June 29, 1981, until January 20, 1982
    • Rayburn, Samuel T. “Sam,” member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Texas) and Speaker of the House of Representatives until 1961
    • Raymond, Walter, Jr., Director, Intelligence Directorate, National Security Council, from 1982 until June 1983; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, International Communications and Information Directorate, National Security Council, from June 3, 1983, until 1987
    • Reagan, Nancy D., First Lady of the United States from January 20, 1981, until January 20, 1989
    • Reagan, Ronald W., Republican Governor of California until January 6, 1975; Republican candidate for President in 1976 and 1980; Republican nominee for President in 1980, President of the United States from January 20, 1981, until January 20, 1989
    • Regan, Donald T. “Don,” Secretary of the Treasury from January 22, 1981, until February 2, 1985; White House Chief of Staff from February 2, 1985, until February 27, 1987
    • Rentschler, James M. “Jim,” member, Western Europe Cluster, National Security Council staff, from October 1978 until January 1981; Western Europe, Political Affairs Office, National Security Council, from 1981 until 1982; U.S. Ambassador to Malta from October 19, 1982, until July 26, 1985; Ambassador-in-Residence, Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University, from 1985 until 1986
    • Reston, James B. “Scotty,” syndicated newspaper columnist
    • Reynolds, Dean, United Press International reporter
    • Ridgway, Rozanne L. “Roz,” Counselor of the Department of State until February 24, 1981; Special Assistant to the Secretary from 1981 until 1982; U.S. Ambassador to the German Democratic Republic from January 26, 1983, until July 13, 1985; Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs from July 19, 1985
    • Riegle, Donald W., Jr., Senator (D–Michigan); Chair, Senate Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs from January 3, 1989; member, Senate Committee on Budget
    • Ripert, Jean, Director General for Development and International Economic Affairs, United Nations
    • Risque, Nancy J., Special Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs from 1981 and Deputy Director, Office of Legislative Affairs, from October 1982 until November 1985; Deputy Assistant to the President for Legislative Affairs, from November 1985 until 1986; Assistant to the President and Cabinet Secretary, Office of Cabinet Affairs, from February 18, 1987
    • Rixse, J.H. “Jay,” Special Assistant to Secretary of Defense Weinberger
    • Robinson, Roger W., Jr., Vice President, International Department, Chase Manhattan Bank; Director, East/West Economics, Planning and Evaluation Directorate, National Security Council staff, from 1982 until 1983; Director, International Economic Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1983 until 1984; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, International Economic Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1984 until September 1985
    • Rockefeller, David, Chair, Chase-Manhattan Bank; co-founder, Trilateral Commission; chair, U.S. Business Committee on Jamaica; member, Kissinger Group
    • Rodman, Peter W., Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown University until March 1983; Council member, Policy Planning Council, Department of State from 1983 until 1984; Chairman, Policy Planning Council, from April 9, 1984, until March 3, 1986 (Director, Policy Planning Staff, from May 7, 1985); Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs for Foreign Policy, from January 29, 1986, until 1987; Special Assistant to the President and NSC Counselor from 1987 until 1989
    • Rogers, William D., lawyer, Arnold & Porter; member, Kissinger Group; Senior Counselor, National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (Kissinger Commission)
    • Rogers, William P. “Bill,” Secretary of State from January 22, 1969, until September 3, 1973; Chair, Presidential Commission on the Space Shuttle Challenger Accident (Rogers Commission)
    • Roh Tae-woo, President of the Republic of South Korea from February 25, 1988
    • Roosevelt, Eleanor, First Lady of the United States from 1933 until 1945; member, U.S. delegation to the United Nations, from 1946 until 1952, U.S. representative to the UN Commission on Human Rights, from 1946 until 1950; chair, UN Commission on Human Rights; special adviser to the U.S. delegation to the United Nations in 1961
    • Roosevelt, Franklin D., President of the United States from March 4, 1933, until April 12, 1945
    • Rosen, David Moses, Chief Rabbi, Romania
    • Ross, Dennis B., member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from 1981 until 1982; Deputy Director, Office of Net Assessment, Department of Defense, from 1982 until 1984; Executive Director, Berkeley-Stanford Program on Soviet International Behavior, from 1984 until 1986; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, 1986; Director, Near East and South Asia Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1986 until 1988
    • Rostenkowski, Daniel D. “Dan” or “Rosty,” Member, U.S. House of Representatives, (D–Illinois); Chair, House Committee on Ways and Means, from January 3, 1981
    • Rostow, Charles Nicholas “Nick,” Special Assistant to the Legal Adviser of the Department of State from July 1985 until March 1987 and Counselor to the President’s Special Review Board on the National Security Council (Tower Board); Deputy Legal Adviser, National Security Council, from March 1987; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Legal Adviser, from December 14, 1987
    • Rostow, Eugene V. “Gene,” Professor of Law and Public Affairs, Yale University; Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from October 14, 1966, until January 20, 1969; Chair, Committee on the Present Danger, from 1975 until 1981; member, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board; Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency from June 30, 1981, until January 12, 1983; member, President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board from January 14, 1983
    • Rostow, Walt W., Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State from November 29, 1961, until March 31, 1966 and Counselor from December 4, 1961, until March 31, 1966; President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs from April 1, 1966, until January 20, 1969
    • Rowen, Henry “Harry,” Chair, National Intelligence Council, from 1981 until 1983; member, Defense Science Board, from 1983; Professor, Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, Stanford University
    • Rowny, Edward L., “Ed,” General, USA (Ret.); Joint Chiefs of Staff representative at the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks from 1973 until 1979; co-chair, Reagan Defense Advisory Committee, in 1980; adviser for European affairs and arms control for the Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board and head of the Central Intelligence Agency Transition Team; Special Representative for Arms Control and Disarmament Negotiations, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, and Chief Negotiator and Head, U.S. Delegation for Arms Control Negotiations from April 1981; Head, U.S. Delegation to the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks, from 1982 until 1983; Special Adviser to the President and Secretary of State on Arms Control Matters from 1985
    • Rudman, Warren B., Senator (R–New Hampshire) from December 29, 1980; Chair, Senate Select Committee on Ethics from January 3, 1985, until 1987
    • Rumsfeld, Donald H., member, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board; President and Chief Executive Officer, G.D. Searle & Company; Personal Representative of the President in the Middle East from November 3, 1983, until May 1984; Senior Counselor, President’s Commission on Strategic Forces (Scowcroft Commission)
    • Ryzhkov, Nikolai, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985
    • Sadat, Anwar al-, President of Egypt until his death on October 6, 1981
    • Sakharov, Andrei Dmitrievich, physicist and Soviet dissident; recipient, Nobel Peace Prize in 1975
    • Sanjuan, Pedro A., policy coordinator, Department of State Transition Team, 1980; fellow and director, Hemispheric Center, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, until 1981; Assistant Secretary of the Interior (Territorial and International Affairs), from 1981 until 1983
    • Sapia-Bosch, Alphonso F., Director, Inter-American Affairs, Political Affairs Office, National Security Council, from 1982 until 1983; Director, Latin American Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, in 1983
    • Sarbanes, Paul S., Senator (D–Maryland); member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee
    • Sariva Guerreiro, Ramiro, Brazilian Foreign Minister
    • Sarney de Araujo Costa, José, Vice President of Brazil from March until April 1985; thereafter, President of Brazil
    • Sassou Nguesso, Denis, President of the People’s Republic of the Congo
    • Sattar, Abdus, Acting President of Bangladesh
    • Savimbi, Jonas Malheiro, founder and leader of the Angolan national liberation movement UNITA
    • Schmidt, Helmut, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany until October 1, 1982
    • Schweiker, Richard S., Senator (R–Pennsylvania) until January 3, 1981; Secretary of Health and Human Services from January 22, 1981, until February 3, 1983
    • Scott, Bruce R., Professor of Business Administration, Harvard University
    • Scowcroft, Brent A., Lieutenant General, USAF (Ret.); President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs from November 3, 1975, until January 20, 1977; Chairman, President’s Commission on Strategic Forces (Scowcroft Commission); member, President’s Blue Ribbon Commission on Defense Management (Packard Commission); member, President’s Special Review Board on the National Security Council (Tower Board), from 1986 until 1987
    • Seaga, Edward, Prime Minister of Jamaica
    • Sepúlveda Amor, Bernardo, Mexican Ambassador to the United States from March until November 1982; Mexican Foreign Minister from December 1, 1982, until November 30, 1988
    • Sestanovich, Stephen R., member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State; Director, Political-Military Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1984 until 1986; Senior Director, Policy Development Directorate, National Security Council, from 1986 until 1987
    • Shagari, Shehu, President of Nigeria until December 31, 1983
    • Shamir, Yitzhak, Prime Minister of Israel from October 10, 1983, until September 13, 1984, and from October 20, 1986; Israeli Foreign Minister from March 10, 1980, until October 20, 1986
    • Sharon, Ariel, Israeli Defense Minister until February 13, 1983; Israeli Minister for Trade and Industry from 1984
    • Shcharanskiy, Anatoly, Soviet refusenik who was denied a visa to emigrate to Israel
    • Sherman, William Courtney, Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy in Tokyo until 1981
    • Shevardnadze, Eduard A., Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs from July 1985
    • Shlaudeman, Harry W., U.S. Ambassador to Argentina until August 26, 1983; Executive Director, National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (Kissinger Commission) from 1983 until 1984; Ambassador at Large and Special Envoy for Central America from March 26, 1984, until July 7, 1986; U.S. Ambassador to Brazil from August 5, 1986
    • Shoemaker, Christopher C. “Chris,” Major, USA; member, Defense Coordination Cluster, National Security Council staff, until January 1981; Director, Strategic and General Purpose Forces, Defense Policy Directorate, National Security Council, from 1981 until 1982
    • Shultz, George P., Secretary of Labor from 1969 until 1970; Director, Office of Management and Budget, from 1970 until 1972; Secretary of the Treasury from 1972 until 1974; Vice President, Bechtel Group, Inc., from 1974 until 1975; President, Bechtel Group, Inc., from 1975 until 1982; member, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board; Chair, President’s Economic Policy Advisory Board; Secretary of State from July 16, 1982, until January 20, 1989
    • Sigur, Gaston J., Jr., Director, Institute for Sino-Soviet Studies and Professor of International Affairs, George Washington University; Director, East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Political Affairs Office, National Security Council, from 1982 until 1983; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, Asian Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1983 until 1986; thereafter, Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs from March 1986
    • Sihanouk Norodom, President of the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (Cambodia) from 1982
    • Simons, Thomas W., Jr., Director, Office of Soviet Union Affairs, Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State, from 1982 until 1985; The Senior Seminar from 1985 until 1986; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs from 1986 until 1989
    • Sims, Robert Bell, Captain, USN; Senior Research Fellow, National Defense University from 1981 until May 1982; Special Assistant to the President and Senior Director, Public Relations, National Security Council, from May 1982 until June 1983; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, Public Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from June 3, 1983, until October 1983; Special Assistant to the President and Deputy Press Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Office of the Press Secretary, from November 1983 until April 1984; Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs), from October 18, 1985, until September 20, 1987
    • Sinowatz, Fred, Chancellor of Austria from May 24, 1983, until June 16, 1986
    • Smith, Gerald C. “Gerry,” Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from October 18, 1957, until January 20, 1961; Director, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, from February 7, 1969, until January 4, 1973; Ambassador at Large and Special Representative of the President for Nonproliferation Matters from July 22, 1977, until November 10, 1980; also U.S. Representative to the International Atomic Energy Agency, from July 14, 1977, until November 10, 1980
    • Smith, Howard K., political analyst and commentator, ABC News; moderator of the 1980 presidential debate
    • Smith, Michael B., Deputy U.S. Trade Representative in Geneva until 1983; Deputy U.S. Trade Representative in Washington from 1983 until October 1988
    • Smith, William French, Attorney General from January 23, 1981, until February 25, 1985; member, President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board from 1985
    • Soares, Joao Clemente Baena, Secretary General of the Organization of American States
    • Soares, Marió, Prime Minister of Portugal
    • Solomon, Richard H. “Dick,” head, Political Science Department, RAND Corp., Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from March 3, 1986, until January 21, 1989
    • Sommer, Peter R., Political-Military Officer, U.S. Embassy in London, until 1982; Security Assistance/Legal Affairs, National Security Council, from 1982 until 1983; Director, European and Soviet Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1983 until 1987; U.S. Ambassador to Malta from October 9, 1987
    • Somoza Debayle, Anastasio, President of Nicaragua until July 1979
    • Sorzano, José S., U.S. Representative to UNESCO from 1981 until 1983; Deputy U.S. Permanent Representative to the United Nations from 1983 until 1985; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, Latin American Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from February 11, 1987, until 1988
    • Spadolini, Giovanni, Prime Minister of Italy from June 28, 1981, until December 1, 1982; Italian Defense Minister from August 4, 1983, until April 17, 1987
    • Speakes, Larry M., Deputy Press Secretary, Office of the Press Secretary, from January 20 until June 17, 1981; Assistant to the President and Principal Deputy Press Secretary from June 17, 1981, until February 1, 1987; thereafter, Senior Vice President for Communications, Merrill Lynch
    • Spiegel, Albert A. “Al,” lawyer; Chair, National Republican Jewish Coalition; consultant to President Reagan
    • Spiljak, Mika, President of Yugoslavia from May 15, 1983, until May 15, 1984
    • Sprinkel, Beryl W., Under Secretary of the Treasury for Monetary Affairs from March 1981 until 1985; chair, Council of Economic Advisers from 1985 until 1989
    • Stafford, Michael F., Special Assistant to the Senior Adviser to the President and Secretary of State on Arms Control Matters from April 1985
    • Stafford, Robert T., Senator (R–Vermont) until January 3, 1989
    • Stearman, William L., member, Reagan Foreign Policy Advisory Team and National Security Transition Team; General Counsel, Executive Secretariat, National Security Council, from February 1981
    • Stern, Thomas, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Organization and Management and Deputy Director, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State, during the Nixon administration; Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy in Seoul from 1976 until 1979; member, Department of State Transition Team, 1980
    • Stevens, Paul Schott, lawyer; Deputy Director and General Counsel, President’s Blue Ribbon Commission on Defense Management (Packard Commission), from September 1985 until July 1986; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Legal Adviser, National Security Council, from February 11, 1987; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Executive Secretary, National Security Council, from November 20, 1987
    • Stockman, David A., Director, Office of Management and Budget, from January 27, 1981, until August 1, 1985
    • Stoessel, Walter J., Jr. “Walt,” U.S. Ambassador to Germany until January 5, 1981; Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from February 28, 1981, until January 26, 1982; Deputy Secretary of State from February 11, 1982, until September 22, 1982; Secretary of State ad interim from July 5 until July 16, 1982
    • Stone, Richard B. “Dick,” Senator (D–Florida) until December 31, 1980; member, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board; Vice Chairman, President’s Commission for Radio Broadcasting to Cuba during 1982; Special Representative of the President for Public Diplomacy in Central America from February until April 1983; thereafter, Ambassador at Large and Special Representative of the President to Central America
    • Streator, Edward J., Jr., Deputy Chief of Mission, U.S. Embassy in London; Chargé D’affaires, U.S. Embassy in London; U.S. Representative to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development from 1985
    • Suharto, President of Indonesia
    • Sutterlin, James S. “Jim,” Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from September 4, until October 15, 1973; Inspector General of the Department of State from October 15, 1973, until August 31, 1974
    • Suzuki Zenko, Prime Minister of Japan until November 27, 1982
    • Takeshita Noboru, Japanese Finance Minister; Prime Minister of Japan from November 6, 1987
    • Tanaka Rokusuke, Japanese Minister of International Trade and Industry in 1980
    • Tarcov, Nathan, Professor of Political Science, University of Chicago; member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from 1981 until 1982
    • Teicher, Howard J., Office of the Counselor, Department of State, from 1981 until 1982; Director, Near East/South Asia, Political Affairs Office, National Security Council, from 1982 until 1983; Director, Near East and South Asia Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1983 until 1985; Special Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs and Senior Director, Political-Military Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1985 until 1986
    • Teltschik, Horst, Director, Foreign and Inner-Government Relations and External Security, Federal Republic of Germany
    • Thatcher, Margaret, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979
    • Thayer, William Paul, Chief Executive Officer, LTV Corp.; Deputy Secretary of Defense from January 12, 1983, until January 4, 1984
    • Thomas, Charles H., Principal Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs, Acting Assistant Secretary of State for European and Canadian Affairs in 1987
    • Thomas, Helen, United Press International correspondent
    • Thorn, Gaston, President of the Commission, European Communities
    • Thurmond, Strom, Senator (R–South Carolina)
    • Tillman, Jacqueline, Executive Assistant, Washington Office of the Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Department of State; Deputy Director, Latin American Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1984 until 1987; Director from 1987 until 1988
    • Timbie, James P. “Jim,” Assistant Director, International Security Programs Bureau, Arms Control and Disarmament Agency; Advisor to the Deputy Secretary of State for Strategic Policy from October 1983
    • Timmons, William “Bill,” Head, Office of Executive Branch Management and Deputy Director of the Transition Office, Office of Personnel
    • Tower, John G., Senator (R–Texas) until 1984; member, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board; chief negotiator on strategic arms at the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Nuclear and Space Arms Talks in Geneva from 1985 until 1986; chair, President’s Special Review Board on the National Security Council (Tower Board), from 1986 until 1987
    • Trewhitt, Henry, diplomatic correspondent, Baltimore Sun; panelist, 1984 presidential debates
    • Trudeau, Pierre Elliot, Prime Minister of Canada until June 3, 1979, and from March 3, 1980, until June 30, 1984
    • Truman, Harry S, President of the United States from April 12, 1945, until January 20, 1953
    • Tsongas, Paul E., Senator (D–Massachusetts) until January 2, 1985
    • Tutu, Desmond M., Right Reverend, General Secretary of the South African Council of Churches; Anglican Archbishop of Cape Town from September 1986; recipient, Nobel Peace Prize in 1984
    • Tyson, Charles P., II, Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (for Coordination), Office of Coordination, from 1981 until 1983
    • Ulam, Adam B., Professor of History and Political Science, Harvard University
    • Urquhart, Brian E., United Nations Under Secretary General for Special Political Affairs
    • Ustinov, Dmitriy F., Soviet Defense Minister and member, Politburo, Central Committee, Communist Party of the Soviet Union
    • Van Agt, Andreas Antonius Maria “Dries,” Prime Minister of the Netherlands until November 4, 1982; also, Foreign Minister from May 28, 1982, until November 4, 1982; Ambassador of the European Union to Japan from January 1, 1987
    • Vance, Cyrus R., Secretary of State from January 23, 1977, until April 28, 1980
    • Vandenberg, Arthur H., Senator (R–Michigan) from 1927 until 1952
    • VanOudenaren, John, analyst, RAND Corp., member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from September 1985 until 1987
    • Velasco, Jose Alberto Zabrano, Venezuelan Foreign Minister
    • Veliotes, Nicholas A., U.S. Ambassador to Jordan until February 10, 1981; Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs from May 21, 1981, until October 27, 1983; U.S. Ambassador to Egypt from November 24, 1983, until April 1, 1986
    • Vessey, John W., Jr., General, USA; Vice Chief of Staff, U.S. Army, until June 1982; Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff from June 18, 1982, until September 30, 1985; member, Commission on Integrated Long-Term Strategy; Special Presidential Emissary for POW–MIA and Other Humanitarian Issues from February 1987
    • von Staden, Berndt, West German Ambassador to the United States from 1973 until 1979; State Secretary of the Federal Republic of Germany
    • von Weizsacker, Richard, Governing Mayor of West Berlin from June 11, 1981, until February 9, 1984; President of the Federal Republic of Germany from July 1, 1984
    • Waldheim, Kurt, United Nations Secretary-General until December 31, 1981
    • Walesa, Lech, Polish labor activist and co-founder and head of Solidarity (Solidarnosc) trade union movement
    • Wallis, W. Allen, Chancellor, University of Rochester, until 1982; Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs from September 23, 1982, until January 20, 1989 (Under Secretary of State for Economic and Agricultural Affairs from August 16, 1985)
    • Walters, Vernon A. “Dick,” General, USA (Ret.); senior adviser to Secretary of State Haig; Ambassador at Large from July 22, 1981, until April 17, 1985; U.S. Representative to the United Nations from May 1985
    • Warner, John W., Senator (R–Virginia); Chair, Subcommittee on Strategic and Theater Forcers, Senate Armed Services Committee
    • Washburn, John L., member, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from 1985 until 1987
    • Watt, James G., Secretary of the Interior from January 22, 1981, until November 8, 1983
    • Wayne, E. Anthony “Tony,” Special Assistant to Secretaries of State Haig and Shultz until 1983
    • Webster, William H., Director, Federal Bureau of Investigation, until May 25, 1987; Director of Central Intelligence from May 26, 1987
    • Weicker, Lowell P., Jr., Senator (R–Connecticut)
    • Weidenbaum, Murray L., Professor of Economics and Director of the Center for the Study of American Business, Washington University; Chair, Council of Economic Advisers, from February 24, 1981, until September 1, 1982; thereafter, Professor of Economics, Washington University
    • Weinberger, Caspar W. “Cap,” Deputy Director, Office of Management and Budget, from 1970 until 1972; Director, Office of Management and Budget, from 1972 until 1973; Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare from 1973 until 1975; Senior Adviser, Reagan Transition Team; member, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board; Secretary of Defense from January 21, 1981, until November 23, 1987
    • Weiss, Seymour, Director, Bureau of Politico-Military Affairs, Department of State, from August 6, 1973, until January 17, 1974; U.S. Ambassador to the Bahamas from September 11, 1974, until December 15, 1976; member, Department of State Transition Team, 1980
    • Welty, Dean L., Office of Analysis for East Asia and the Pacific, Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State; Special Assistant, Bureau of East Asian and Pacific Affairs, Department of State
    • Wettering, Frederick L. “Fred,” Director, Africa, Political Affairs Office, National Security Council, from 1981 until 1983; Senior Director, African Affairs Directorate, National Security Council, from 1983 until 1985
    • Wheeler, Michael O., Staff Secretary and Executive Secretary, Executive Secretariat, National Security Council
    • Whitehead, John C., Deputy Secretary of State from July 9, 1985, until January 20, 1989
    • Wick, Charles Z., Director of the International Communication Agency (United States Information Agency from 1982) from June 9, 1981, until January 20, 1989
    • Wilcox, Philip C., Deputy Director, Geographic Affairs, Office of the Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Political and Multilateral Affairs, Bureau of International Organization Affairs; Deputy Director, Middle East, Asian, European and Arms Control Affairs (subsequently included Outer Space and Oceans Affairs), Office of the Senior Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, until 1983; Director, Regional Affairs, Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, Department of State from 1983 until 1984; Director, Israel and Arab-Israeli Affairs, Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, Department of State from 1984 until 1987; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs from 1987
    • Williams, Edward Bennett, lawyer; member, Interim Foreign Policy Advisory Board; member, President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board
    • Willkie, Wendell L., II, General Counsel, National Endowment for the Humanities, from 1982 until 1984; Associate Counsel to the President, Office of the Counsel to the President, from 1984 until 1985; Chief of Staff and Counselor to the Secretary of Education in 1985; General Counsel, Department of Education, from 1985 until 1988; Special Counsel, Bush-Quayle campaign, 1988
    • Wills, E. Ashley, Public Affairs Officer, U.S. Embassy in Bridgetown; Office of Southern African Affairs, Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State
    • Winsor, Curtin, Jr., member, Department of State Transition Team, 1980; U.S. Ambassador to Costa Rica from July 14, 1983 until February 18, 1985
    • Wisner, Frank G., II, U.S. Ambassador to Zambia until April 19, 1982; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs from 1982 until 1986; U.S. Ambassador to Egypt from August 28, 1986
    • Wohlstetter, Albert J., Director of Research, PAN Heuristics; member, President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board; co-chair, Commission on Integrated Long-Term Strategy
    • Wolf, John S., Special Assistant to the Under Secretary of State for Security Assistance, Science, and Technology, from July 1981 until July 1984; Political Officer, U.S. Embassy in Islamabad, from July 1984 until 1987; Director, Office of Regional Affairs, Bureau of Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs, Department of State, from August 1987 until June 1988; Executive Assistant to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs from June 1988
    • Wolff, Alejandro “Alex,” Staff Assistant, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State
    • Wolfowitz, Paul D., Professor, Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies, from 1980 until 1981; member, Department of State Transition Team; Director, Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, from February 13, 1981, until December 22, 1982; Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs, from December 22, 1982, until March 12, 1986; U.S. Ambassador to Indonesia from April 11, 1986
    • Wolpe, Howard E., member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Michigan); member, House Foreign Affairs Committee
    • Woodcock, Leonard F., President of the United Auto Workers (UAW) until 1977; Chief of the U.S. Liaison Office in Beijing from July 26, 1977, until February 17, 1979; U.S. Ambassador to China from March 7, 1979, until February 13, 1981
    • Wright, James C., Jr. “Jim,” member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Texas) and House Majority Leader until 1986; Speaker of the House of Representatives from January 3, 1987; Senior Counselor, National Bipartisan Commission on Central America (Kissinger Commission)
    • Wright, John Oliver, British Ambassador to the United States from 1982 until 1986
    • Wright, Joseph R., Jr., Deputy Secretary of Commerce from 1981 until 1982; Deputy Director, Office of Management and Budget, from 1982; Director from November 8, 1988
    • Wright, Lacy A., Jr., Executive Assistant, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Department of State
    • Wriston, Walter, Chief Executive Officer, CitiCorp; member, President’s Economic Policy Advisory Board from February 1981; Chair, President’s Economic Policy Advisory Board, from September 3, 1982
    • Zablocki, Clement J., member, U.S. House of Representatives (D–Wisconsin) until his death on December 3, 1983; Chairman, House Foreign Affairs Committee and Chair, Subcommittee on International Security and Scientific Affairs, House Foreign Affairs Committee; member, House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence
    • Zapanta, Albert C., Senior Executive, ARCO; member, Department of State Transition Team, 1980
    • Zhao Ziyang, Premier of the People’s Republic of China until November 24, 1987; General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China from 1987 until 1989
    • Zia-ul-Haq, Mohammed, General, President of Pakistan and Chief Martial Law Administrator until his death on August 17, 1988
    • Zorinsky, Edward “Ed,” Senator (D–Nebraska) and member, Senate Foreign Relations Committee until his death on March 6, 1987