Chemical and Biological Weapons; The Sverdlovsk Incident
61. Memorandum From the Acting Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (Sloss) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 44, PRM–27 [1]. Confidential.
62. Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassies in the Soviet Union and the United Kingdom
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D770056–0861. Confidential. Sent for information to Geneva, USUN, and Paris. Drafted by Robert Mikulak (ACDA/NTB/WT); cleared by Tuchman, David Anderson (DOD), Homer Phelps (PM/DCA), Jon Glassman (EUR/SOV), John Shumate (EUR/NE), Floweree, John McNeill (ACDA/GC), and Peter Sebastian (S/S); and approved by Thomas Davies (ACDA/NTB).
63. Telegram From the Department of State to the Mission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D770095–0968. Confidential; Priority. Sent for information to the Mission at Geneva, USUN, Moscow, London, and Paris. Drafted by Robert Mikulak (ACDA/NTB/WT); cleared by Tuchman, Homer Phelps (PM/DCA), John Hawes (EUR/RPM), Leo Reddy (S/S), David Ahlberg (DOD), George Humphrey, and Floweree; and approved by Thomas Davies (ACDA/NTB).
64. Memorandum of Conversation
Source: Department of State, Office of the Secretariat Staff, Special Adviser to the Secretary (S/MS) on Soviet Affairs Marshall Shulman—Jan 21, 77–Jan 19, 81, Lot 81D109, Box 8, Vance to Moscow, March 28–30, 1977. Secret; Nodis. Drafted by Krimer on April 12; reviewed in draft by Hyland; and approved by Twaddell on April 12. The meeting took place at the Kremlin. The memorandum is printed in full in Foreign Relations, 1977–1980, vol. VI, Soviet Union, Document 21. Vance visited Moscow March 28–31.
65. Telegram From the Department of State to the United States Mission to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D770138–0156. Confidential; Immediate. Sent for information to the Mission at Geneva, USUN, the Central Intelligence Agency, the National Security Council, and the Department of Defense. Drafted by Michael Congdon (ACDA/IR); cleared by Lyall Breckon (PM/DCA), Flowerree, Thomas Hirschfeld (S/P), John Hawes (EUR/RPM), Giles Harlow (DOD/ISA), Jon Glassman (EUR/SOV), and Margot Mazeau (ACDA/GC); and approved by William Stearman (ACDA/IR).
66. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski) to President Carter
Source: Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Harold Brown Papers, Box 61, Chemical/Biological Weapons. Secret. Sent for action.
67. Presidential Review Memorandum/NSC–27
Source: Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Harold Brown Papers, Box 61, Chemical/Biological Weapons. Secret. Sent for action. Carter wrote “ok, J” in the upper right corner of the memorandum. Underneath, Brown wrote “5/20. ISA—Since our military are so concerned about the CW threat, we should look carefully at the possibility reducing the threat by CW arms limitation. HB.”
68. Summary of a Policy Review Committee Meeting
Source: Carter Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 86, SCC 015, Chemical Warfare Limitation and Programs, 6/8/77. Secret.
69. Memorandum From the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski) to President Carter
Source: Carter Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 86, SCC 015, Chemical Warfare Limitation and Programs, 6/8/77. Secret. Carter initialed the top of the memorandum.
70. Presidential Directive/NSC–15
Source: Carter Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 86, SCC 015, Chemical Warfare Limitation and Programs, 6/8/77. Confidential.
72. Memorandum From Secretary of Defense Brown to the Secretaries of the Military Departments
Source: Washington National Records Center, OSD Files: FRC 330–80–0017, Box 45, 370.64 CBR (Aug–Dec) 1977. Confidential. Also sent to the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Director of Defense Research & Engineering, the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Comptroller), the Assistant Secretary of Defense (International Security Affairs), the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower, Reserve Affairs & Logistics), the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Program Analysis & Evaluation), the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Public Affairs), the General Counsel, OSD, the Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Atomic Energy), the Assistant to the Secretary of Defense (Legislative Affairs), and the Director of the Defense Intelligence Agency. David McGiffert, the Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, forwarded this memorandum under cover of an August 17 memorandum to Brown in which he noted that “some elements in DOD have misinterpreted” parts of PD/NSC–15 and were “questioning the current guidance to continue efforts for upgrading the defensive posture of U.S. forces against chemical warfare.” (Ibid.)
73. Telegram From the Mission in Geneva to the Department of State
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D770311–0838. Confidential; Immediate. Sent for information to Moscow.
74. Memorandum From the Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency (Warnke) to the President’s Assistant for National Security Affairs (Brzezinski)
Source: Carter Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 44, PRM–27 [1]. Confidential.
75. Letter From Secretary of State Vance to Secretary of Defense Brown
Source: Washington National Records Center, OSD Files: FRC 330–80–0017, Box 45, 370.64 CBR (Aug–Dec) 1977. Secret. The memorandum is stamped “SEC DEF HAS SEEN.” In the upper right-hand corner, Brown wrote “10/25. Dave McG—I believe that to get Congressional support for production we must first make a real try at a verifiable CW ban. To that end I lean toward the CV view. HB.”
76. Telegram From the Mission in Geneva to the Department of State
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D77039–0960. Confidential. Sent for information to Athens, Bonn, Brussels, Canberra, Copenhagen, London, Moscow, Oslo, Ottawa, Rome, The Hague, Tokyo, Wellington, USNATO, and USUN. The United States and the Soviet Union held ten meetings on chemical weapons between September 26 and October 21. A record of these meetings is contained in telegrams 8239, September 27, 8375 and 8400, October 3, 8461, October 5, 8607, October 11, 8637, October 12, 8823 and 8825, October 17, 8930, October 19, and 9121, October 24, all from the Mission at Geneva; National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D770352–0102, D770359–1142, D770360–0444, D770363–0202, D770370–0599, D770371–0707, D770380–1262, D770380–1372, D770384–0415, and D770391–0110 respectively.
77. Telegram From the Department of State to the Mission to the United Nations
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D770409–0684. Limited Official Use. Drafted by Arch Turrentine (ACDA/MA/IR); cleared by David Macuk (IO/UNP), David Carlson (PM/DCA), Edward Melanson (DOD/ISA), and Alan Neidle (ACDA/MA); and approved by Robert Barry (IO).
78. Letter From Secretary of Defense Brown to Secretary Vance
Source: Washington National Records Center, OSD Files: FRC 330–80–0017, Box 45, 370.64 CBR (Aug–Dec) 1977. Secret. In a December 22 memorandum to Brown, Vance replied that he was “pleased to know that no funds are programmed in the FY 79 defense budget for the production of binary munitions.” (Ibid.)
79. Telegram From the Department of State to the Mission in Geneva
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D780011–0663. Confidential; Priority. Drafted by Arch Turrentine (ACDA/MA/IR); cleared by Les Denend (NSC), Alan Neidle (ACDA/MA), Adrian Fisher (ACDA/D), Alexander Akalovsky (State), Avis Bohlen (EUR/SOV), Homer Phelps (PM/DCA), Robert Weekley (OSD/ISA), [name not declassified], Robert Mikulak (ACDA/MA), and Lawrence Finch (ACDA/MA); and approved by Thomas Davies (ACDA/MA). Sent for information to USNATO, Moscow, London, Bonn, Paris, and Tokyo.
80. Telegram From the Mission in Geneva to the Department of State
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D780037–0338. Confidential; Priority. Sent for information to Moscow. Fisher had already informed the NATO allies that “the two sides were no closer to agreement than they had been at the end of round six and that the Soviet Del had, in fact, ‘regressed’ on some points.” (Telegram 824 from the Mission in Geneva, January 19; D780029–0099)
81. Presidential Directive/NSC–28
Source: Carter Library, National Security Council, Institutional Files, Box 19, PD–28. Secret. Carter wrote at the top “ok J.C.”
82. Telegram From the Mission in Geneva to the Department of State
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D780071–0895. Confidential; Priority. Sent for information to Moscow, USNATO, London, Paris, and Bonn.
83. Telegram From the Department of State to the Mission in Geneva
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D780131–0619. Confidential; Priority. Sent for information to Moscow, London, Bonn, and Paris. Drafted by Robert Mikulak (ACDA/MA); cleared by Les Denend (NSC), Robert Weekley (DOD), John Kokolas (CIA), and Margot Mazeau (ACDA); and approved by Thomas Davies (ACDA/MA).
84. Telegram From the Mission in Geneva to the Department of State
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D780182–0373. Confidential; Priority. Sent for information to Moscow.
85. Intelligence Assessment Prepared in the Central Intelligence Agency
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Subject File, Box 12, Chemical Weapons, 5/78–11/80. Secret; Noforn.
86. Presidential Review Memorandum/NSC–37
Source: Carter Library, National Security Affairs, Brzezinski Material, Subject File, Box 12, Chemical Weapons, 5/78–11/80. Secret.
87. Telegram From the Department of State to the Embassy in the United Kingdom
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D780331–1199. Confidential. Sent for information to the Mission in Geneva, Bonn, Paris, and USNATO. Drafted by Robert Mikulak (ACDA/MA/AT); cleared by Roger Booth (ACDA/MA/AT), Robert Strand (ACDA/MA/IR), David Carlson (PM/DCA), Dufour Woolfley (EUR/NE), Susan Klingaman (EUR/CE), Edgar Beigel (EUR/WE), Sheila Buckley (DOD), [name not declassified], and [name not declassified]; and approved by Thomas Davies (ACDA/MA).
88. Telegram From the Department of State to the Mission in Geneva
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D780332–0685. Confidential; Priority. Sent for information to Moscow, London, Bonn, Paris, and USNATO. Drafted by Robert Mikulak (ACDA/MA/AT); cleared by Les Denend (NSC), Gelb (PM), Sheila Buckley (DOD), Flowerree (ACDA/MA/IR), Roger Booth (ACDA/MA/AT), Margot Mazeau (ACDA/GC), and [name not declassified]; and approved by Thomas Davies (ACDA/MA).
89. Telegram From the Mission in Geneva to the Department of State
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D780338–0732. Confidential; Priority. Sent for information to Bonn, London, USNATO, and Paris.
90. Telegram From the Mission in Geneva to the Department of State
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Foreign Policy File, D780375–0858. Confidential; Priority. Sent for information to Moscow.