Foreign Relations of the United States, 1955–1957, Africa,
Volume XVIII
Index
- Abbas, Ferhat, 256–258
-
Abdullah, Aden, 617–620
-
Aboud, El–Mehdi ben, 546,
548n
, 590
-
Achilles, Theodore C., 220n
, 221, 222n
, 519n
- Adu, A. L., 375, 383n
, 384n
, 387n
- Afghanistan, 67, 242
- Africa. See
Africa South of the Sahara; Communist threat in Africa; Missionaries in
Africa; French North Africa; Racial problems in Africa; Self–determination for dependent areas; and
individual countries and areas.
- Africa South of the Sahara (see also
specific countries):
- Areas included in, 85–87
- Communist threat, 18, 26, 37, 46, 53–54, 77, 81
- Conflicts in, 18
- Detribalization process, 84
- Economic development, need for, 20,
28–29,
82–85
- Economic relations with Europe, 76–77, 82–85
- Education needs, 20–21, 83–84
- Indians in, question of, 19, 204
- Islam, 18, 85
- Multi–racialism, need for, 20
- Nationalism in, 18
- Political instability, 78
- Strategic importance, 47, 77, 81
- U.S. consular representation, 21–22
- U.S. economic assistance, 17, 81–82, 83
- U.S. economic interests, 77
- U.S. Fourth of July celebrations, 37,
39–40
- U.S. humanitarian assistance, 78
- U.S. military presence, 15, 16
- U.S. policy toward, 13–30
- National Intelligence Estimate on, 45–47
-
NSC report, 72–74,
75–87
- Trade with, 77
- African National Congress, 812
- Afro–Asian Conference (1955), 1–2
- Afro–Asian People’s Solidarity Conference (1957),
69n
, 414
- Ahmad, Ibrahim, 629n
,
634n
, 639
-
Ahmed, Hocine Ait, 246n
- Air Force, U.S., 15, 89, 417
-
Ajavon, Robert, 180–182
-
Aklilou Abte Wolde. See
Habtewold,
Aklilou
.
- Akpabio, I. U., 50n
- Akran, C. D., 50n
-
Aldrich, Winthrop W., 106n
, 465–466, 518
-
Alexander, Roy, 380
- Algeciras powers, 114
-
Alger, Frederick M., Jr., 303–307
- Algeria (see also
French North Africa):
- Communist threat, 141, 257, 258–259, 284–285, 468
- Democratic evolutionary development, scenario for, 275
- Elections, proposed, 253, 257, 258
- European Algerians, 141, 254–255
- Federation with North African countries, possible, 560
- French extrication from, plan for, 282–284
- French military actions, 119, 122
- Civilian population, measures against, 221
- Success of, 282–284
- Troops transferred to Algeria, 219–220
- U.S.–furnished weapons and equipment, use of, 119, 219–222, 238–239, 240, 241, 243
- French policy toward, 233, 250–251
- Economic development, 90, 282–283
- Failure, likelihood of, 248–249
- Failure blamed on U.S., 234,
239
- Federation with Algeria, proposed, 110–111, 113, 254, 259–261, 280
- Independence, rejection of, 273
-
Lacoste’s reforms,
263
- Loi–Cadre proposal, 273–274, 276, 279–281, 283, 286–287, 292–293, 772
- Front for National Liberation (FLN) (see also
Nationalist rebellion
below), 246–248, 283–286, 293,
468, 675, 768
- Labor organizations, 257
- Mediterranean conference on, proposed, 674, 678
- Melouza massacre, 266–269
- Nationalist rebellion, 57,
92, 110
-
FLN leaders’ arrest, 246–248, 264
-
FLN leaders’ position,
255–258
- French policy toward, 122,
140–141
- Libyan position, 468
- Moroccan position, 539, 563
- Morocco, effect on, 141–142, 276–279, 556, 558, 560
- Negotiations between French and rebels, 141, 283–284
- Soviet interest in, 141
- Tunisia, effect on, 141–142, 276–279, 662
- Tunisian–Moroccan role in mediation to end fighting, 265–266, 271–272, 274–275, 281, 284, 287–288, 291n
, 293–294, 295, 301
- Tunisian position, 657, 661–662, 665, 675–676, 678, 679, 708–709
- U.S. position, 142, 143, 147
- Weapons, sources of, 709, 768–769
- Three–power conference on, proposed, 249
- Tunisian arms shipments to, alleged, 679, 687, 692–693, 708
-
U.K. policy toward, 114–115
-
U.N. General Assembly actions on,
121, 136
- Debates, 287–288, 294–302
- Failure, likelihood of, 292
-
FLN strategy, 284–285
- French diplomatic efforts, 227–232, 244–245, 266, 287–288
- French Loi–Cadre proposal, 273–274, 279–281, 286–287
- French position, 222–224, 255
- French proposal for federation, 259–260
-
1955, 222–232
-
1956, 244–245, 250–253, 255, 259–262, 264–265
-
1957, 266, 273–274, 279–281, 284–302
- Resolutions, 232n
, 261–262, 286–287, 300–301
- Tunisian–Moroccan role in, 281, 284, 287–288, 291n
, 301
-
U.K. position, 232, 296
- U.S. draft resolution, 289–291
- U.S. position, 127, 136, 225–227, 250–253, 264–265, 274, 280–281, 293–294, 296–298, 300
-
U.N. Security Council actions on,
242
- U.S. policy toward, 107, 127, 234–237, 240–241, 250–253, 262–263, 266,
275–276
- U.S. public opinion, 240–241
- All–African People’s Conference (1958), 69n
-
Allen, Arthur B., 697,
732
-
Allen, George V., 4n
, 12–13, 22–23, 112n
, 201, 402, 415, 439n
, 520–521, 543, 608, 625n
, 780, 781, 783–784
-
Alphand, Hervé:
- Algeria, 222–224, 227n
, 228, 229–230, 244–245, 248, 258,
264–266,
270–271,
280–281,
285, 295–300
- French Togoland, 166, 171–174, 180–182
- Tunisia, 673–674, 704–706, 723–728, 736n
, 741–744, 761–763, 764
- Aluminum, 383, 385–386
- Aluminum Limited of Canada, 385
-
Ammar, Taher Ben, 648–649
- Andom, B. G. Amanuel, 356
- Angola, 26–27, 28
- Anthis, Col. Rollen H., 417
- Anzilotti, Enrico, 615, 617, 619n
- Arab League, 423, 447, 487–489, 492, 560
- Arab–Israeli dispute, 59, 663
-
Arden–Clarke, Sir Charles Noble, 368, 833
- Aregai, Ras Abebe, 348n
- Armstrong, A. C. F., 603
- Armstrong, W. Park, Jr., 538
-
Asafu–Adjaye, Edward O., 382
- Asbjornson, Mildred, 741n
, 752n
- Aswan High Dam, 29, 441, 624–626, 629
- Australia, 242, 361
- Austria, 299, 408
- Avilov, Viktor I., 364
- Awolowo, Obafemi, 50n
- Azhari, Ismail, 625
- Azikiwe, Nnamdi, 50n
- Baako, Kofi, 380
- Baghdad Pact, 780
-
Balafrej, Ahmed, 287, 516, 528, 537n
, 540n
, 541, 545n
, 546n
, 548, 549, 551, 552, 554, 557, 562, 565, 566, 575, 576, 578, 582n
, 585n
, 585, 590, 593, 594, 595–599
- Balewa, Abubakar Tarawa, 50n
, 606n
-
Bane, David, 244n
- Barbour, Walworth, 371–372, 513n
-
Barco, James W., 297
-
Bargues, Robert, 160,
169n
, 174n
-
Barka, Mehdi Ben, 581n
-
Barkley, Alben W., 402
-
Barnes, Robert G., 12n
, 671n
- Barrett, Reginald, 603
-
Barrow, John R., 8–12, 183
-
Basdevant, Jean, 248n
-
Baum, Robert D., 830
-
Beach, Arthur E., 624n
, 625n
, 626n
, 627, 629n
-
Bearce, Roger M., 315,
322
-
Beaumarchais, Jacques Delarüe Caron de, 548, 551n
, 573
-
Beeley, Harold, 53
- Bekkai, M’barek, 520n
,
561, 576–577
- Belgian Congo:
- Belgo–U.S. relations and, 303, 305–309, 312, 316
- Economic situation, 50–51
- Kalonji visa case, 305–309
- Katanga region, 313–314
- Political situation, 316
- Strategic materials for U.S., 47
- University facilities, 304
- U.S. assistance programs, 304
- U.S. consular representation, 309–312
- U.S. information activities, 304, 310–312, 317–318
- U.S. support for independence movements, alleged, 314–317, 319–324
- Belgium (see also
Belgian Congo), 3–4, 28, 41, 242, 267
- Arms for Tunisia, possible supplier of, 680, 686, 710, 720,
722n
, 731n
- Economic assistance for dependent areas, 82
- Beliard, J., 258
- Bell, Laird, 777
- Bell, T. S., 215n
-
Bella, Mohamed Ben, 246
-
Ben Arafa, Sultan, 100,
511
- Bernau, Phyllis D., 753n
, 756n
-
Berry, Col. Edward S., 325, 326, 329
-
Bidault, Georges, 96
-
Blair, William, 825n
- Blaustein, Jacob, 779
-
Bliss, Don C., Jr., 62n
, 359n
, 617–621
-
Blundell, Michael, 34
- Bolivia, 299
- Bolton, Frances P., 3, 373n
, 402,
830
- Bolton, Kenyon C., 534n
- Bonsai, Philip W., 806
- Botsio, Kojo, 362, 363, 364n
-
Bottomley, James R. A., 365, 479n
-
Bouabid, Abderrahim, 520,
549n
, 600–601
-
Bouazza, Taieb Ben, 522n
-
Boucetta, Mohammed, 582n
-
Boudiaf, Mohammed, 246n
-
Bourgès–Maunoury, Maurice, 100, 238, 239, 264, 273, 276n
, 674n
, 693, 694, 704n
-
Bourguiba, Habib, 114, 121, 246, 265, 272, 277, 281, 293, 560, 651–653, 656–666, 668, 671, 673, 677–682, 685–687, 692–693, 695n
, 696, 699, 703n
, 707, 713, 726n
, 727, 732–733, 736, 739–740, 742, 745, 748, 749n
, 753–755, 757, 767–769, 772, 774
-
Bourguiba, Habib, Jr.,
700, 707
-
Bovey, John A., Jr., 112n
, 115n
, 255n
, 256, 268n
, 286, 300, 501n
, 513n
, 520n
, 542n
, 548n
, 564n
, 568n
, 569n
, 581n
, 590, 595, 598n
, 621n
, 658n
, 671n
, 716n
, 721, 729n
, 762n
, 764
- Brady, Leslie S., 100n
- Brady, Tom, 685
- Brazil, 259
- British Aluminum Company, 385
- British East Africa (see also specific
territories), 11
- Communist threat, 204
- “Multi–racial society” in, 188–189
- Political situation, 201–203
- Strategic importance, 204–205
- U.S. consular representation, 184,
190–191,
205–207
- U.S. economic assistance, 52
- U.S. educational exchange program, 185, 192–193
- U.S. information activities, 185, 191–192
- U.S. private activities, 186, 194
- U.S. six–point program, 183–187, 189–195, 206
- U.S. specialized training programs, 194–195
- U.S. technical assistance, 185–186, 188–189, 193
- British Togoland, 36–37, 362
- British West Africa (see also specific
territories), 36–37, 47
-
Brokenburr, Robert L., 778
- Brosio, Manlio, 615
- Brown, Irving, 239, 243
- Browne, W. Mallory, 161–165, 175–179
-
Brownell, George, 534n
-
Brundage, Percival F., 131, 133, 134, 331, 484
- Brutus, D., 31n
-
Bulganin, Nikolai A., 26n
- Bulgaria, 336, 540n
- Buller, Hyde, 215–216
- Bulli, Gen. Muleguetta, 325n
- Burger, Jan, 813
- al–Buri, Wahbi, 467, 508–509
- Burma, 67
- Burns, Sir Alan, 42
- Bursley, Gilbert E., 315, 317–323
- Busia, Kofi Abrefa, 387–388
-
Byroade, Henry A., 786, 800–802, 808, 816, 828–829, 835n
-
Cabell, Lt. Gen. Charles P., 73–74
-
Caccia, Sir Harold, 53, 369–371, 716–717, 722
-
Cain, Col. William J., Jr., 428, 433, 446, 449
- Cambodia, 67, 712
- Cameroons. See
French Cameroons.
- Campbell, Waldemar B., 830
- Canada, 49, 385
-
Canham, P. H., 362n
-
Cannon, Cavendish W., 540n
, 541–543, 544n
, 545n
, 546n
, 549n
, 551n
, 554n
, 561, 566, 577, 578, 582n
, 585–587, 668
-
CARE, 186,
194
-
Carlier, Georges, 4n
- Carnegie Corporation, 194, 206
-
Catroux, Gen. Georges, 233n
- Central African Federation. See
Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of.
- Ceylon, 67, 623
- Chalet, Albert du, 285, 764
-
Chanderli, Abdel Kader, 284
- Chapman, Daniel, 368
- China, People’s Republic of, 365–374, 390, 402–405
- China, Republic of, 242, 365–374, 411
- Chiping H. C. Kiang, 158
- Church World Services, 194
-
Clark, Lewis, 100n
, 242n
, 243, 262–263
- Cocoa, 49, 375,
384
-
Cole, William E., Jr., 646n
- Collins, Gen. J. Lawton, 219n
- Colombo Plan for Africa, 70–71, 82
- Colombia, 259
- Colonialism, U.S. policy on, 665
- Columbite, 604–605
- Commerce, U.S. Department of, 605
- Communist threat in Africa, 2
- Africa South of the Sahara, 18, 26, 37, 46, 53–54, 77, 81
- Algeria, 141, 257–259, 284–285, 468
- British East Africa, 204
- Egypt, 637
- French North Africa, 102,
128
- Kenya, 204
- Liberia, 412
- Libya, 416, 470–471
- Morocco, 557, 562, 574, 575, 577
- Sudan, 636–637, 643, 644, 646
- Tanganyika, 204
- Tunisia, 664, 666, 670, 712
- Uganda, 204
-
U.K. position, 53–54, 56
- Union of South Africa, 81
- U.S. position, 53–54, 73–74, 81
- Conference of Independent African States (1957),
68–69, 84
- Congo. See
Belgian Congo.
- Congress, U.S.:
- Economic assistance for Africa, 188n
-
Eisenhower Doctrine, 52
- Morocco, U.S. extraterritorial rights in, 121
- Self–determination for dependent areas, resolution on, 7–8, 10
- Consultative Committee for Technical Assistance in Africa (CCTA), 70n
- Cook, Gen. Orval R., 89, 325, 326
-
Cooper, John W., 411
- Corfitzen, W. E., 617
- Cornélis, Henri, 320, 321n
, 322–323
- Costa Rica, 223
-
Coty, René, 757
-
Couve de Murville, Maurice de, 157–159
-
Crawford, Sir Frederick, 34
- Cuba, 242
-
Cutler, Robert, 72, 74, 291n
, 482–483
-
Cyr, Leo G., 33n
, 325,
515, 552n
, 608n
, 785, 789
- Czechoslovakia, 310–311, 336, 373, 540n
- Dabney, Maj. Gen. J. A., 325n
-
Dale, William N., 721
-
Daridan, Jean–Henri, 248–249, 730n
- Davies, Rodger P., 449
-
De Gaulle, Charles, 275
- De Guiringaud. See
Guiringaud, Louis de.
-
De la Grandville. See
Grandville, Jean de
la
.
-
De la Mare, Walter, 365–368
-
De Laboulaye. See
Laboulaye, François
de
.
- De Latour. See
Latour, Gen. Boyer de.
- De Rose. See
Rose, François de.
-
Dean, P. H., 53
-
Decker, Gen. George H., 356
- Defense, U.S. Department of, 5, 6, 62, 65, 93, 327n
, 328n
, 332n
, 348n
, 533, 553n
, 780
- Deferre, Gaston, 165–168, 170n
,
171n
-
Delvaux de Fenffe, Jacques, 309–310, 312n
, 314–315
- Denmark, 720
- Dependent areas. See
Self–determination for dependent areas.
-
Deressa, Yilma, 608n
, 621, 622n
-
Diefenbaker, John G., 385
-
Diggs, Charles C., Jr., 373n
-
Dillon, C. Douglas, 89
- Algeria, 219n
,
220n
, 222–224, 226n
, 227, 233n
, 234–237, 240–241, 242–243, 248n
, 250–251, 253n
, 254–255
- French North Africa, 95–97, 100–105, 107n
, 112n
, 115–116, 117–120, 122, 127,
142n
- French Togoland, 165–168, 170n
- Morocco, 511–514, 518–519, 524–531, 537–538, 544–545, 546n
, 548n
, 551n
, 554n
, 565,
601–602
- Tunisia, 648–650, 653–654, 655n
- al–Din, Mahammed Nur, 643n
- Dinke, Berhanou, 608n
-
Dodds–Parker, Douglas, 347
-
Dolgin, George, 600n
, 612
-
Dorros, Leon G., 612,
615n
, 621n
- Dorsz, Edmund J., 183, 188–195, 201–207
-
Du Plessis. See
Plessis, W. C. du
.
- Duffill, Capt. Monroe B., 7n
- Dukuly, Momolu, 397
-
Dulles, Allen, 2n
, 333,
360n
-
Dulles, John Foster, 1n
, 30
- Africa South of the Sahara, 13n
- Algeria, 136, 219–220, 226–227, 233, 234n
, 247–248, 258–261, 268n
, 270–272, 276, 286–296, 299
- Belgian Congo, 308–309
- British East Africa, 183–187
- Colombo Plan for Africa, 70
- Communist threat in Africa, 53–54, 73n
- Conference of Independent African States (1957), 68–69
- Ethiopia, 54, 329–330, 332n
, 341, 342
- French North Africa, 88, 96, 104n
, 105,
112, 134–136, 516
- French Togoland, 157–158, 168–170
- Ghana, 373n
- Liberia, 396–397, 406–410
- Libya, 426–427, 434–436, 439,
457–458,
479–481,
487, 497–499, 501–504, 506–507
- Morocco, 513, 514n
, 515–518, 520, 521n
, 531,
534, 535–536, 540–541, 542n
, 549–554, 564, 568–571, 582–585, 588–594, 598,
600–602
- Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of, 212–214
- Self–determination for dependent areas, 2–5, 6, 43, 55–56
- Somalia, 54–55, 614n
, 615–616, 621–623
- Sudan, 624–632
- Technical assistance programs, 22
- Tunisia, 652, 676–679, 680n
, 683–684, 686, 688–693, 694–696, 707–718, 721–723, 726–731, 741–745, 748–757, 761–771, 774
- U.S. Fourth of July celebrations in Africa, 39, 40
-
Dumont, Donald, 39, 40, 48n
, 159, 210–212
-
Durnan, James J., 48n
- Eck, H. J. van, 31n
-
Eden, Sir Anthony, 241
- Edusei, Krobo, 387, 401n
-
Egger, Charles A., 194
- Egypt, 67, 69n
, 103,
242, 368, 371–372, 382
- African states, influence in, 18, 46, 58–59, 73
- Communism in, 637
- Ethiopia, relations with, 336, 347, 354
- Liberia, relations with, 411–414
- Libya, relations with, 419–420, 437,
467–468,
473–474,
492
- Libyan–Soviet relations, role in, 447
- Soviet Union, relations with, 637,
780
- Sudan, relations with, 624–625, 627–629, 637–638, 644–645
- Tunisia, arms for internal security supplied to, 698, 699,
710, 749n
, 752–758, 762–763, 765–769
- United Kingdom, relations with, 638
- U.S. policy toward, 59
-
Eisenhower, Dwight D. (see also
Eisenhower
Doctrine), 52, 57, 228, 375, 379, 381n
, 456n
, 804–805, 834
- Africa South of the Sahara, 75
- Algeria, 234, 235, 237n
, 238n
, 246, 259n
, 271n
, 272
- Communist threat in Africa, 73
- Ethiopia, 332–333, 335, 340
- French North Africa, 58n
, 118–120, 132–136
- Ghana, 373n
,
383n
, 384–386
- Liberia, 393, 396–397, 405–407
- Libya, 429, 439n
, 443n
, 483–484, 490
- Morocco, 521n
,
542n
, 553n
, 564n
, 588, 589n
- Self–determination for dependent areas, 55
- Tunisia, 656–658, 661, 741, 747,
749n
, 750–751, 753, 758–761, 772–773
- Union of South Africa, 791n
-
Eisenhower Doctrine,
52
- El Salvador, 3n
, 227
-
Elbrick, C. Burke, 53, 142n
, 173–174, 244, 248n
, 258,
266–267, 286, 291n
, 295, 531–533, 680n
, 704–706, 721, 723–726, 762–763, 764, 779, 780n
, 781
- Elizabeth II, Queen of England, 371
-
Ely, Gen. Paul H. R., 219n
, 238
-
Ensor, Michael de N., 362n
, 364
- Erasmus, F. C., 779–784
- Essafi, M’hamed, 300, 697, 732
- Ethiopia, 15, 59,
69n
- Afro–Asian Conference (1955), 1–2
- Aircraft for the Emperor, 332–333
- Communist threat, 336, 356–357, 360
- Economic situation, 337, 345
- Egypt, relations with, 336, 347, 354
- Export–Import Bank loans, 337, 341, 344–345
- France, relations with, 336
- Internal security forces, 338, 356
- “Neutralist” pressures on, 354
- Nile development, 342, 345, 353–354
-
Nixon’s visit, 61–62, 339–349
- North African orientation, 86–87
- Political situation, 61–62, 336–337, 353–354, 358
-
Richards Mission visit,
350–357
- Somalia:
- Border dispute with, 337, 341–343, 346–348, 354, 608–612, 614–615, 619, 621–623
- Federation with, possible, 618
- Sudan, relations with, 354–355, 638,
646
- United Kingdom, relations with, 54,
336, 345, 347
- U.S. economic assistance, 330, 337, 338,
340, 350, 355–356, 358
- U.S.–Ethiopian “collaboration” in political and military areas,
340–342
- U.S. information activities, 338, 360
- U.S. military assistance, 62–63, 337
- Air Force, assistance for, 350n
, 351, 359
- “Command” divisions, support for, 325–326
- Cutoff of, possible, 327
- Ethiopian dissatisfaction with, 62, 329n
, 332, 341–342, 344, 348n
, 356, 358
- Ethiopian request list, 352
- Expansion of, proposed, 349,
350–351, 355, 358
- Force increases, support for, 359–360
- Funding for, 328–329, 330
-
NSC discussion on, 331–332
- U.S.–Ethiopian relations and, 326–327, 331–332, 337–338
- U.S. military bases, 335, 340, 358
- U.S. policy toward, 62–63, 328, 340
- U.S. technical assistance, 330, 337, 341
- European Common Market plan, 82, 83
- European Monroe Doctrine for Africa, proposed, 164–165, 178–179
- Export–Import Bank, 337, 341, 344–345, 399, 456, 580n
-
Fairless, Benjamin, 132n
- Farah Ali, Hagi, 612–614, 617–618, 623
-
el–Fassi, Mohammed Allai, 516n
, 557
-
Faure, Edgar, 91, 97, 100–102, 109, 111, 511–513, 514n
, 515, 517, 519n
, 648n
-
Faure, Maurice, 546, 565n
, 572, 655
-
Felix, Robert, 252n
, 273
-
Ferguson, C. Vaughan, Jr., 149–157, 180, 414n
, 528n
, 603, 835n
- Finland, 299
- FitzGerald, Dennis A., 600, 601
-
Flake, Wilson C., 60n
, 379n
, 380–388
-
Folger, Frederick M., Jr., 319–322
- Ford Foundation, 206
- Foreign Operations Administration, 185
-
Forster, Richard D., 833
-
Forsythe, Douglas D., 785
- Fourth of July celebrations (U.S.) in Africa, 37, 39–40
- France (see also
Algeria; French
Togoland; French Equatorial Africa; French North Africa; French West
Africa; Morocco; Tunisia), 182n
, 214, 242
- Afro–Asian Conference (1955), 1–2
- Colonial policy, 712
- Communists in, 117
- Economic assistance for dependent areas, 82
- Ethiopia, relations with, 336
- French Cameroons, 50
- Indochina, loss of, 95
- Political situation, 109, 766–767
- Soviet Union, relations with, 224
- U.S. policy toward, 700
-
French, Paul Comly, 186
- French Cameroons, 50
- French Equatorial Africa, 150–157
- French North Africa (see also specific countries):
- Communist threat, 102, 128
- Economic situation, 102
- French economic assistance, 90
- French policy toward, 57–58, 109
- French troops, U.S. military equipment used by, 90
- “Interdependence” between France and African areas, 124
- Nationalism in, 109–110, 128
-
Nixon’s report on, 57–58
- “Pact solution” to problems with Western countries, 659
- Political situation, 91–92
- Press in, 102
- Racial problems, 35
- Soviet interest in, 108, 515
- Tripartite meeting on, 515
-
U.N. General Assembly actions on,
94, 121
- U.S. economic assistance, 92–94, 108, 131–135
- U.S.–French Heads of State meeting, 772–774
- U.S. information activities, 90, 94, 104, 123–124, 130
- U.S. military assistance, 135
- U.S. military bases, 89, 91, 93, 112, 122–123, 125,
129, 131–132, 134–136
- U.S. policy, 58, 90–94, 104
- French attitude toward, 92–93, 115–117, 147
- French presence, support for, 94–99, 113, 115–120, 122
- North Africa’s concerns as basis of, 101–104
-
NSC discussion on, 130–137
-
NSC report on, 138–143
-
OCB reports on, 88–94,
120–130, 144–148
- Western interests, preservation of, 105–115, 128
- U.S. press reports on, 119
- U.S. technical assistance, 94
- U.S.–U.K. discussions re, 112–115
- French Togoland, 37
- French Union, 38
- French West Africa, 48, 150–157, 161–165, 175–179
-
Fulbright, J. William, 7
-
Gaillard, Felix, 293, 729n
, 736–740, 747, 750, 752, 756–757, 763, 770n
,
772–773
- Gallman, Waldemar J., 788, 827
- Gasbarri, Luigi, 617–618
- Gaskell, W. P., 603–605
-
Gbedemah, K. A., 50n
, 378–381, 383
-
Generalov, Nicolai I., 363n
-
George, Walter F., 53,
521n
-
Gerig, O. Benjamin, 6n
, 7, 8, 41,
66–68, 158n
, 174n
, 180
- German Democratic Republic, 336
- Germany, Federal Republic of, 213, 214n
- Ghana (Gold Coast), 182n
- Afro–Asian Conference (1955), 1
- Discrimination against Ghanian representative in U.S., 378–381
- Economic situation, 49–50, 60, 81, 375–376, 378n
, 379n
, 382–386
- Foreign policy, 377–378
- French Togoland and, 182
- Independence, 36–37, 361–362
- Independence ceremony, 365–375
- Liberia, relations with, 400–401, 412,
414
-
Nixon’s visit, 60, 372–373, 374–378
-
Nkrumah’s letter to
Eisenhower, 384–386
- Political situation, 377, 387–388
- Private investment in, 376–377
- Soviet Union, relations with, 54, 81, 362–364, 381–383
-
Tubman’s assessment of,
399–400
- U.S. economic assistance, 386
- U.S. policy toward, 60
- U.S. technical assistance, 50, 60, 82, 377
-
Glantzberg, Maj. Gen. Frederic E., 417, 523n
-
Gleason, S. Everett, 57n
, 71n
, 74,
120n
, 130n
, 137, 331n
, 481n
, 485, 553n
- Gold Coast. See
Ghana.
-
Goodpaster, Brig. Gen. Andrew J.,
53, 381n
, 589n
-
Gordon, Marcus J., 495
-
Gordon, Walter A., 373n
-
Gorse, Georges, 665, 676n
, 702, 749n
, 757
- Graham, W. G. C., 418, 420n
, 503–505, 508
- Grandval, Gilbert, 100, 102, 511, 513
-
Grandville, Jean de la, 285, 723, 764
- Graves, Thomas V., 808
-
Gray, Gordon, 327, 328n
,
457n
, 463, 533, 548n
, 783n
- Greece, 408, 623
-
Green, James Frederick, 305n
, 309n
, 312n
, 314–319, 321–324
-
Green, Theodore Francis, 329n
, 332n
, 824
- Griffith, R. A., 215n
-
Grigsby, John, 410n
-
Gross, Richard L., 313–314
-
Gruenther, Gen. Alfred M., 234, 238–239
- Grunitzky, Nicolas, 165n
- Guatemala, 166n
, 168, 223, 227–228, 299, 408
- Guillaume, Gen. Augustin, 539
- Guiringaud, Louis de, 228
-
Habtewold, Aklilou,
329, 330n
, 332n
, 341, 346–348, 351–355, 610–612
- Hadj, Messali, 257
-
Hadsel, Fred L., 12n
, 13n
, 23n
, 48, 112n
, 369, 786–789
-
Hagerty, James C., 53
-
Haile Selassie I, Emperor of
Ethiopia, 62, 326–328, 329n
, 330n
, 332–333, 335–336, 339–345, 352–354, 359
- Haiti, 199n
, 299
- Hajeri, M. K., 652, 660, 663, 678
-
Halim, Sayyid Mustafa Ben, 416, 419, 420n
, 423, 426, 428–434, 435n
, 436–438, 441, 445–453, 454, 456, 460n
, 466, 467–473, 475–476, 478, 491n
, 498n
-
Hall, William O., 9
-
Hamilton, Anthony A. M., 779
- Hamilton, Pierpont M., 534n
-
Hammarskjöld, Dag, 229n
- Hamza, Mirghani, 639
- Hazlett, Capt. E. E., 759n
- Henderson, Loy W., 12n
,
13n
-
Herter, Christian A., 73, 268n
, 350–351, 483–486, 573–574, 581–582, 671, 673–674, 679, 736
-
Hill, Robert C., 372–374
-
Holland, Henry F., 23
-
Hollister, John B., 23, 72, 133, 329, 443n
, 484, 634
- Holloway, J. E., 779, 780n
, 785–786
-
Holmes, Edward W., 808
-
Holmes, Julius C., 100, 102, 104n
, 105–112, 178n
, 208, 321n
, 323, 511, 513, 515–518, 522, 528, 530, 606
- Hood, Viscount, 716, 721
- Hooper, Peter, Jr., 208n
-
Hoover, Herbert C., Jr.:
- Algeria, 221–222, 231, 234, 236–237, 245,
252–253
- Ethiopia, 332–333
- French North Africa, 116, 142n
- Ghana, 362–365, 386n
- Libya, 419–421, 439n
- Morocco, 542, 546–549, 550n
, 551n
- Tunisia, 654–656, 658n
- Union of South Africa, 785–786, 801n
- Hoppenot, Henri, 227
-
Houghton, Amory, 267n
, 273–276, 572
- Tunisia, 676, 689, 692n
, 693–694, 702–703, 706n
, 715n
, 724,
726n
, 728, 736n
, 737–739, 740–741, 746–748, 749n
, 752–754, 756–758
-
Houphouet–Boigny, Felix, 167
-
Howe, Fisher, 381n
, 749n
-
Huddleston, Robert W., 623
- Hughes, Morris N., 650, 652n
-
Humphrey, George M., 131–135
- Hungary, 401, 408,
713
- Hunt, Ralph H., 606–607
-
Hussein, Ahmed, 625n
- Iceland, 223
-
Idris I, King of Libya, 419, 420n
, 423, 435n
, 436–437, 449–451, 454, 469, 477
-
Imru, Michael, 356
- India, 3n
, 26, 46, 67
- Indochina, 95, 712
- Indonesia, 67, 242,
623
- Inga Hydroelectric–Industrial complex, 51
- Institute of Race Relations, 813
- Interior, U.S. Department of, 5, 6
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 60, 352, 356, 376, 385, 613, 624, 626
- International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 81
- International Cooperation Administration, 65,
129, 188–189, 193, 215–217, 546, 607, 653n
, 667n
, 680, 701
- International Court of Justice, 782
- International Educational Exchange Service, 185
- International Monetary Fund, 631
- Iran, 67, 242, 259, 299, 408
- Iraq, 67, 242, 492
-
Irwin, John N., II, 286,
764
- Islam, 18, 85
- Israel, 59, 411,
468, 657, 663
-
Issa, Abdullahi, 613n
, 617, 618–620
- Italy (see also
Somalia), 54, 213, 214n
, 267
- Arms for Tunisia, possible supplier of, 680, 687, 694, 698,
700, 702, 710, 713, 720–722
- Ivory Coast, 155–156
-
Jackson, C. D., 3, 331, 332
-
Jackson, Sir Robert, 383
-
Jacquin de Margerie,
Roland, 231–232, 515
-
Jaidi, Mohammed, 595
-
Jamali, Mohamed Fadhil, 471
- Japan, 267
-
Jebb, Sir Hubert Miles Gladwyn,
234, 241, 517, 722, 724
- Jerbi, Suleiman Bey, 428, 445
-
Jernegan, John D., 1–2, 100, 105n
, 477, 641
-
Johnson, Charles E., 120n
, 644n
-
Johnson, William M., 783,
802n
- Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S., 72, 74, 112, 131n
, 135, 443n
, 458n
, 463–464, 482n
,
483, 517, 518n
, 553n
-
Jones, G. Lewis, 658, 660, 663, 667, 669–671, 679–683, 685–687, 695, 732–733, 739–740, 749n
, 752n
, 771n
,
774n
-
Jones, J. Jefferson, III, 1
-
Jones, John Wesley, 282n
, 515
-
Jones, Richard Lee, 98, 389–395, 398, 399, 402–405, 411–413
-
Jooste, Gerhardus Petrus, 800–801
- Jordan, 242, 686
- Jova, J. J., 264
- Joxe, Louis, 248n
, 253, 271–272, 285, 694, 748n
, 749n
, 752n
,
764
-
Joy, Charles Rhind, 186
-
Joyce, Robert P., 100n
- Juin, Gen. Alphonse, 512n
-
July, Pierre, 97n
, 100,
221, 511
- Kalonji, Isaac, 305–309
- Karamessines, Thomas H., 538–540
-
Karis, T. George, 830
-
Kearns, Henry J., 212n
, 378n
-
Kennan, George F., 29
-
Kennedy, John F., 270–271
- Kenya (see also
British East Africa), 18
- Communist and neutralist penetration, 204
- Mau Mau insurrection, 18, 34, 18
- Medical facilities, 206–207
- Political situation, 188, 201–202
- Racial problems, 34
- Self–determination for, 34–35
- U.S. consular representation, 191
- U.S. educational exchange program, 185
- U.S. information activities, 185
- U.S. technical assistance, 185–186, 193
-
Key, David McK., 5n
, 6–7
- Khadduri, Majid, 418n
-
Khalil, Abdullah, 63, 354–355, 633–639, 643
-
Khider, Mohammed, 246n
-
Khrushchev, Nikita S., 26n
- Kirkpatrick, Sir Ivone, 465–466
-
Kiwan, Abderrahman, 256–258
-
Knani, Abdesselam, 669
- Knight, Ridgway B., 428n
, 457n
,
477n
, 582n
-
Knowland, William F., 798, 799
-
Koenig, Gen. Pierre, 89,
513
-
Ku’bar, Abd al–Majid, 491n
, 495n
, 504–506, 508–510
-
Laboulaye, François de, 180, 258, 285, 295, 297, 298, 742, 761, 764
-
Lacheraf, Mustafa, 246n
-
Lacoste, Robert, 233n
, 240n
, 242–243, 252n
, 263, 273, 280, 281
-
Lagdham, Bahi, 658, 659, 663, 666–670, 685–687, 707–714, 734
-
Laghazoui, Mohamed, 540
-
Lall, Arthur S., 158n
- Lamm, Donald W., 364n
,
368, 374n
, 375
-
LaMont, George D., 71n
, 73n
, 379n
, 522–524, 822–824, 826–828
- Landman, F., 31n
- Laos, 67, 299, 712
-
Laraki, Mohammed, 595
- Larock, V., 319–321
-
Laskey, Dennis, 721
- Latin America, 408
- Latour, Gen. Boyer de, 516
-
Lay, James S., Jr., 76, 131, 133, 135, 139, 331n
, 335, 357n
, 490–491
- Le May, Gen. Curtis, 89
- Lebanon, 37, 67,
412
-
Lee, Brig. Gen. R. V., 325n
- Leitao da Cunha, Vasco T., 832–833
-
Lemaigre–Dubreuil, Jacques, 97
- Lennox–Boyd, Alan, 371
-
Lewis, Sir Arthur, 383
-
Lewis, Orme, 7
- Liberia, 15, 67, 69n
, 223, 299, 623
- Afro–Asian Conference (1955), 1–2
- China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 402–405
- Communist threat, 412
- Economic situation, 61, 81
- Egypt, relations with, 411–414
-
Eisenhower–Tubman correspondence, 393–394, 396–397
- Foreign policy, 411–414
- Ghana, relations with, 400–401, 412,
414
- Israel, relations with, 411
-
Nixon’s visit, 61, 397–401
- Palm oil exports, 408–409
- Political situation, 61
- Private investment, 401
- Road construction, 398–399
- Soviet Union, relations with, 81, 372
- Diplomatic relations, establishment of, 362n
, 389–391, 393n
- Economic assistance, 390–391, 392
- Friendship treaty, 391–392
- Legislative actions on, 394–395, 397
- Moscow visit by Liberians, 404–405, 411–412
- Trade treaty, 406, 407, 410
- U.S. position on, 363, 389–390, 394–397, 404–405, 407–408
-
Tolbert’s visit to U.S.,
405–409
- United Nations, role in, 409
- United States, relations with, 393–394
- U.S. economic assistance, 48–49, 82, 406
- U.S. military assistance, 398
- U.S. technical assistance, 406, 409
- Libya, 59, 67, 69n
, 242, 247
[Page 849]
- Algerian rebellion, position on, 468
- Arab interests, sensitivity to, 423,
424, 455, 461–462, 487–489, 492,
494–495
- Army, 492–493
- Communist threat, 416, 470–471
- Economic situation, 435, 437–438, 493, 508–510
- Egypt, relations with, 419–420, 437,
447, 467–468, 473–474, 492
-
Eisenhower Doctrine,
support for, 469–470, 477
- Electric power project, 456–457, 474
- Federation with North African countries, possible, 560
- Foreign policy, 455, 467–468
- Internal security forces, 416, 492
- Nasser’s popularity in, 473
- National University, 471
-
NATO membership for, proposed,
442
-
Nixon’s visit, 63–64, 467–472
- North African University, 64
- Oil development, 471–472, 493
- Political situation, 437, 454, 491
- Private investment in, 472
-
Richards Mission visit,
469, 472–479
- Soviet Union, relations with, 363,
419, 424, 447, 455, 492
- Diplomatic relations, 421–423, 453
- Economic assistance, offers of, 428, 439n
, 447–450, 453, 496
- Military assistance, offer of, 457n
- U.S. efforts to curb Soviet influence, 419–421, 424–430, 440–442, 444, 446–453, 495–496
- Strategic importance, 63–64
-
U.K. economic assistance, 465–466, 476, 479,
483–486,
492, 493, 501, 506–507
-
U.K. military assistance, 457–458, 463–466, 480–481
-
U.K. troops in, 63, 466, 479–480, 501
- United Kingdom, relations with, 418,
457–458
- U.S. economic assistance, 427, 434–436, 439n
- Conditions attached to, 448–453
- Libyan dissatisfaction with, 429–434, 475, 495n
- Negotiations re, 495–496, 503–504
- Pro–Western orientation of Libya and, 430, 459–461, 473–474, 478–479, 494
-
Richards Mission
recommendation, 474–479
- Soviet influence and, 424–430, 440–442, 444, 446–453, 495–496
-
U.K. reduction in
assistance, compensation for, 465–466, 476, 483–486, 493–494, 497–504, 508–510
- U.S. offer and Libyan acceptance, 442–453
- U.S. military assistance, 474–475
- Force expansion, use for, 443,
457–458, 464
- Libyan dissatisfaction with, 429–430
- Libyan obligations to Arab League and, 487–489
- Pro–Western orientation of Libya and, 430
- Soviet assistance and, 419–422
-
U.K. reduction in
assistance, compensation for, 480–481, 493, 494, 497, 501, 503–506
- U.S.–U.K. joint
responsibility for Libyan forces, 420, 427, 440–441, 457–458, 463–466
- U.S. military bases:
- Agreement on, 430, 491
- Air–space security issue, 439–440, 444
- Expansion of, 417, 451, 461
- Political stability of Libya and, 415–416, 455
- Strategic importance, 417–418, 465–466, 472–473
- U.S. policy toward, 64, 415–419, 424–425
- U.S. technical assistance, 470, 494
- Libyan–American Joint Services (LAJAS),
470
- Libyan–American Reconstruction Commission (LARC), 427, 433, 456, 470
-
Lloyd, John Selwyn, 53–56, 371–372, 479–480, 485n
, 501–502, 506, 507n
, 614n
, 718–723, 729n
,
753, 756
-
Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 2, 5n
, 30n
,
39, 622n
, 686n
[Page 850]
- Algeria, 222–223, 225–231, 234,
238n
, 242, 253n
, 260,
262, 284–285, 289, 290,
291n
, 296n
, 297–298
- French North Africa, 117–120
- Libya, 439–442
- Union of South Africa, 798–799, 833–834
-
Longanecker, David E., 48–52, 70n
, 603
- Looram, Matthew J., Jr., 100n
, 257, 282–284, 286, 291n
,
297, 531n
, 730n
, 736n
, 764
-
Louw, Eric H., 787, 798–800, 801n
, 833, 836
-
Lucet, Charles, 159–160, 180, 228, 244, 258, 264, 285, 295, 297, 548, 673–676, 704–706, 726, 730n
, 742, 761, 764
- Luthuli, Albert J., 803n
-
Lwoki, Benjamin, 639
- Lyttleton, Oliver, 188n
-
MacArthur, Douglas, II, 231, 531n
- McAuliffe, Eugene V., 2n
-
McBride, Robert H., 100n
- McCardle, Carl W., 258
- McClelland, Roswell D., 348n
, 487n
-
McConaughy, Walter P., 365–368
-
McCormack, John, 7
-
McGrath, John B., 617–621
-
McGregor, Robert Gardner, Jr., 24–30, 80n
, 172, 174
- McGuire, E. Perkins, 421n
, 463, 780n
-
McKinnon, Robert Allen, 195
- MacLennan, Ian Morrison Ross, 382–383
-
Macmillan, Harold, 58n
, 106n
, 223,
224, 241n
, 517, 518n
, 723, 741, 756n
, 770n
-
Macomber, William B., Jr., 53
-
McSweeney, John M., 262n
-
Maddox, William P., 793,
794–797, 801n
, 802–803, 807–822, 829–832, 835–837
- Magsaysay, Ramón, 55
- Mahjub, Muhammed Ahmad, 63, 633–642
- Makerere College, 192, 206, 209
-
Makins, Sir Roger, 106n
- Makonnen, Lidj Endalkatchew, 346
- Malvern, Lord, 210n
,
211
- Mangano, Philip A., 100n
-
Manning, Charles N., 208n
- Mao Tse–tung, 119
-
Margerie. See
Jacquin de Margerie,
Roland
.
- “Marshall Plan” for Africa, proposed, 28–30
- Martin, André, 285, 764
-
Massigli, René, 220n
, 221, 222n
, 529–531, 537
-
Mastiri, Ahmed, 697n
- Mau Mau insurrection, 18, 34, 187
- Mauretania, 57
- Mauritius, 203
- Maza, José, 230
-
Mbadiwe, K. O., 50n
-
Meeker, Leonard C., 777–778
-
Melbourne, Roy M., 144n
, 357n
- Mellen, Sydney L. W., 793, 808, 820n
-
Mendès–France, Pierre, 88,
91, 102, 766
- Menell, S. G., 31n
-
Menon, V. K. Krishna, 158, 297, 361
-
Merchant, Livingston T., 23, 105n
, 513–514, 517–518
- Merrow, Chester E., 775, 776, 779
- Mexico, 299
- Midkiff, Frank Elbert, 4
-
Millar, Frederick Hoyer, 53
-
Miner, Robert G., 779,
780n
- Mirghani, Hamza, 634n
- Missionaries in Africa, 16, 218, 789
- Mitchell, L. E., 403
-
Mohallim, Omar, 612
-
Mohamed V (Mohamed ben Youssef), Sultan of
Morocco, 58, 91, 100, 107n
, 120–121, 123, 146, 277, 293, 512, 513n
, 514n
, 523, 526, 532, 538–540, 545, 555–557, 560–564, 574–577, 579, 582–583, 585–594, 597, 600n
-
Mokkadem, Sadok, 679–681, 685, 686n
, 699, 710, 739–740
-
Mollet, Guy, 117–120, 122, 126, 127, 519n
,
648n
, 674n
- Molotov, Vyacheslav, 427
-
Montgomery, Edward P., 262n
-
Moore, Charles R., 100n
- More, Bolard, 169n
- Morgan, Maj. Gen. W. M., 325n
- Morice, André, 273, 693
- Morocco (see also
French North Africa), 59, 67, 69n
- Air defense issue, 524–525, 545,
565–566
- Algerian rebellion:
- Effect on Morocco, 141–142, 276–279, 556, 558, 560
- Moroccan position on, 539,
563
- Moroccan role in mediation, 265–266, 271–272, 274–275, 281, 284, 287–288, 291n
, 293–295, 301
- Army, 538, 561
- Communist threat, 557, 562, 574,
575, 577
- Dynastic question, 511–512, 513n
, 514n
- Economic situation, 123, 140, 538,
555, 558–559
-
Eisenhower Doctrine,
support for, 562, 575–577
-
Faure Program of reforms,
513–514
- Federation with North African countries, possible, 560
- Foreign minister, appointment of, 526,
528n
- Foreign relations, Moroccan control of, 526–530, 532, 535,
560
- Foreign travelers, rules governing, 540
- France, relations with, 57, 100–101, 106–107, 111, 140,
265, 517, 555, 560
- French colons in, 558
- French disruptive efforts aimed at government, 539–540
- French economic assistance, 278, 581–582, 90, 558–559
- French military assistance, 530
- French troops in, 278–279, 558,
593–594,
596
- Independence for, 120–121, 125–126, 139–140, 522
- International conference on, proposed, 516
- Istiqlal Party, 555, 557, 561
- Labor unions, 522–524
- Nationalist rebellion, 515–516
-
Nixon’s visit, 57–58, 561–564
- North African University, 64
- Political situation, 91–92, 100, 111, 120–121, 538–540, 555–558, 561,
580, 588
- Private investment in, 559
- Pro–Western outlook, 528
- Radar sites, 544n
-
Richards Mission visit,
574–577
- Soviet Union, relations with, 540–541, 556,
561
- Spanish troops in, 593–594, 596
- Sultan’s visit to U.S., 563–564, 582–583, 585–586, 588–600
-
U.N. General Assembly actions on,
103, 121, 512, 514n
- United Kingdom, relations with, 516,
517, 520
- U.S. economic assistance (see also under
U.S. military bases below), 58, 126, 129–135, 145–147, 278,
546–547,
559, 563, 566, 574–576, 584, 592,
593, 600–602, 653–654
- U.S. extraterritorial rights, 121,
129, 520–521, 541–542
- U.S. military assistance, 145, 530, 538,
585
- U.S. military bases, 58, 89, 91, 131–132, 134
- Algerian rebellion, relation to, 279
- “Collective security” function, 591–592
- Demonstrations at, 548
- Economic assistance and, 532,
533, 547, 560, 566, 571, 577–580, 584
- Emergency haven for French citizens, 545
- Force levels, 122, 129
- Foreign troops in Morocco, relation to, 593–594, 596
- French position, 518–519
- French use of, 544–545, 548–552
- Independence for Morocco, implications of, 527, 529–530
- “Interim agreement” to justify U.S. use of bases, 586, 588–589, 592–600
- Labor unrest, 522–524
- Moroccans informed of developments on, 519
- Negotiations re, 135–136, 139, 145–146, 279
- Bilateral negotiations, 539, 544–545, 552–554, 559–560, 564–569
- Course of, 577–580
- Franco–American agreements, impact on, 572
- Franco–Moroccan defense agreement, relation to,
531, 538, 554, 565
- French demands re, 572n
, 573
- French kept informed of, 570, 572
- Joint Commission to oversee, 593
- Moroccan agenda and strategy, 578–580
-
Nixon’s
discussion with Sultan on, 562–563
- Trilateral negotiations, proposed, 530–531, 535–536, 539, 552
- U.S. agenda and strategy, 569–572, 574, 583–584
- U.S. legal right to bases and, 531–534, 536, 552, 570
- Original agreement between U.S. and France (1950), 139, 531–534, 537–538
- Personnel ceilings, 519, 524, 525
- Regional framework for, proposed, 583, 586–587
- Strategic importance of, 517–518, 553n
- U.S. policy toward, 113–114, 143–144
- Diplomatic relations, 526,
535
- National Intelligence Estimate on, 555–561
- Trade with U.S., 90
- Treaties with U.S., 146, 520, 542
- U.S. technical assistance, 566
- U.S.–U.K. coordination in approach
to France re, 516–518
-
VOA relay bases, 146, 543,
566, 588
-
Moroka, James S., 803n
- Morris, Willie, 716n
,
721, 729n
- Morton, Thruston B., 8
-
Moulay Hassan, Crown Prince of Morocco, 550, 557, 561, 578, 579
- Mozambique, 218
-
Mulcahy, Edward, 158n
- Munoz Marín, Luis, 376–377
- Munro, Sir Leslie, 832
- Muntasser, Mahmud, 485n
- Murdock, Thomas G., 305n
-
Murphy, Robert D., 4n
, 6, 7n
, 12n
, 53, 171
- Algeria, 264–266, 268, 286
- Belgian Congo, 319, 322
- Ethiopia, 327–329
- French North Africa, 112, 116–117
- Ghana, 369–371
- Libya, 442–445, 457n
, 463–464, 482n
- Morocco, 518n
,
531n
, 542
- Tunisia, 654, 657, 692–693, 729n
, 736n
, 741,
742, 768
- Union of South Africa, 824–825
- Mutual Security Act of 1954, 443n
, 488n
, 489
- Nash, Frank C., 362
-
Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 58–59, 69n
, 354, 412, 447, 468, 473, 637–639, 663, 699, 710
- National Intelligence Estimates, 45n
, 454n
-
NIE
36.5–56, June 19, 1956, 454–455
-
NIE
71.1–57, Jan. 29, 1957, 555–561
-
NIE
72–56, Aug. 14, 1956, 45–47
- National Security Council (NSC), 553n
- Documents:
-
NSC
5428, July 23, 1954, Progress Report,
644–647
-
NSC
5436/1, Oct 18, 1954, Progress
Report, 88–94, 120–130
-
NSC
5614, Sept. 17, 1956, 131–137
-
NSC
5614/1, Oct. 3, 1956, 138–143
-
NSC
5615, Nov. 6, 1956, 331–334
-
NSC
5615/1, Nov. 19, 1956, 334–339
-
NSC
5716/1, June 29, 1957, 490–495
-
NSC
5719/1, Aug. 23, 1957, 72–74,
75–87
- Meetings:
-
279th, Mar. 8, 1956, 237n
-
298th, Sept. 27, 1956, 130–137
-
304th, Nov. 15, 1956, 331–334
-
321st, May 2, 1957, 481–485
-
335th, Aug. 22, 1957, 71–74
- Naudé, W. C., 829–832
- Navy, U.S., 89
-
Neggai, Abderrahman, 590
- Nepal, 67
-
Nes, David G., 421–425, 431–434, 445–449
- Netherlands, 267
- New Zealand, 3n
- Newanca, L. D., 31n
- Newfel, Camille, 590
- Nieh Jung–chen, Marshal, 374n
- Nigeria:
-
Nixon, Richard M., 72–73, 228, 367, 369, 379n
- Africa visit, report on, 57–66
- Algeria, 293
- Communist threat in Africa, 73
- Ethiopia, 61–62, 339–349
- Ghana, 60, 372–378
- Liberia, 61, 397–401
- Libya, 63–64, 467–472, 484
- Morocco, 57–58, 561–564
- Sudan, 63, 633–639
- Tunisia, 57–58, 660–663
-
Nkomo, William, 31n
-
Nkrumah, Kwame, 36–37, 60,
69, 364, 368, 370–372, 373n
, 374n
, 375–378, 380–386, 400, 401
-
Noon, John Alfred, 8–9
- Norland, Donald R., 256, 697
- North African University, 64, 471
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 29, 120, 220, 418, 442
- Nunley, W. T., 172
-
Nur, Abdi, 613n
-
Nyerere, Julius, 197–199
-
O’Connor, Roderic L., 13n
- Olympio, Sylvanus, 172, 173, 181
- Operations Coordinating Board (OCB), 338n
- Oppenheimer, Harry, 31n
- Organization of American States, 408
-
Osman, Mohammed Schek, 612
-
Oulashin, Eric, 825n
-
Padmore, George A., 397, 405, 407, 410, 414
- Pakistan, 67, 242
- Palewski, M. Gaston, 89
- Palm oil, 408–409
-
Palmer, Joseph, II, 178n
, 268n
, 286, 297, 300–302, 344, 347–348, 373n
, 375, 399, 407, 410n
, 413–414, 457n
, 459, 463n
, 471, 479n
, 485n
, 501, 540n
, 542–543, 546n
,
549n
, 552n
, 589n
, 590, 595, 596n
, 602n
, 603–605, 610–612, 615n
, 633, 658–659, 660, 663, 683n
, 692n
, 697–701, 714, 716, 718n
,
721, 722, 726, 729n
, 732–735, 742, 749n
, 757–758, 762, 764, 803, 826, 835
- Paraguay, 227
- Parker, M. L., 603
- Parry, H. N., 215n
-
Pastore, John O., 778
- Paton, Alan, 785–786
- Pella, Giuseppe, 702, 713, 716, 721
- Peru, 242
- Philippines, 55–56,
228, 299, 712
- Phillips, Christopher H., 43–44
-
Phleger, Herman, 53, 534
-
Pinay, Antoine, 89, 219, 220, 222–224, 226–229, 513–514, 517n
,
518
-
Pineau, Christian R.:
- Algeria, 233, 243, 248n
, 249, 252–254, 258–261, 270, 273,
284, 285, 286–288, 295–298
- Morocco, 535–536, 537n
, 564
- Tunisia, 688, 692, 693–694, 696,
702–703,
706, 708, 714, 718, 720, 726–727, 736, 744,
746, 749n
, 752,
757–758,
764–770
-
Pinkerton, Lowell C., 627, 629n
, 632n
, 633, 639, 643
- Pitt–Hardacre, C., 423, 475, 495
-
Plessis, W.C. du, 824–825
-
Pleven, René, 702
- Poland, 373
-
Porter, William J., 100, 104n
, 515, 528–529, 537n
, 545n
, 582n
, 692n
, 696n
, 707, 718n
, 734, 735, 736n
, 749n
, 761
- Portugal, 214, 783
- Potekhin, I. Irutt, 387
- Price, Melvin, 326n
- Puerto Rico, 376
- Purse, Victor, 405
-
Quarles, Donald A., 53
- Racial problems in Africa (see also
Racial policies
under
Union of South Africa), 32–36, 80
-
Radford, Adm. Arthur W., 132, 238, 333, 553n
-
al–Rahman, Ali Abd, 639,
643n
-
Ramadier, Paul, 648–649
- Ramjee, B. B., 31n
-
Randall, Clarence H., 406n
-
Reinhardt, G. Frederick, 286, 764
- Reynolds Aluminum Company, 383, 385
- Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of:
- Afro–Asian Conference (1955), 1
- Economic situation, 51
- Racial partnership policy, 211–214, 216–217
- Racial problems, 32–34
- Strategic materials for U.S., 47
- United States, diplomatic relations with, 210–214
- U.S. economic assistance, 51–52
- U.S. technical assistance, 22–23, 215–217
-
Ribadu, Mohammadu, 603–605, 606
-
Richards, James P., 8, 443n
, 714
-
Robertson, Sir James, 606–607
-
Robertson, Reuben B., Jr., 132
- Roosevelt, Franklin D., 539
-
Root, John Frick, 427n
- Rose, François de, 285, 764
- Ross, J. B., 215n
-
Ross, Robert W., 410n
, 414n
, 603
-
Rountree, William M., 53, 70–71, 115n
, 201, 212n
, 268–269, 276–279, 329n
, 463n
, 487–489, 549n
, 564–567, 590, 595–600, 615n
, 658n
, 671–673, 690, 697, 716, 718–720, 743, 801, 802, 825n
- Royal Technical College, 185, 192, 206
- Ruanda–Urundi, 6, 40,
42, 44
- Rumania, 373
-
Ryckmans, Pierre, 4
- al–Sahili, Ali, 436
- Salan, Gen. Raoul, 254n
- Salim, Maj. Saleh, 625
-
Saud ibn Abd al–Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia, 469, 562
- Saudi Arabia, 67, 242, 352, 368, 469, 580
-
Savary, Alain, 524–527, 529, 546n
,
648, 649, 653
- Scheyven, Louis, 311
-
Scott, Sir Robert, 3
-
Sears, Mason, 3, 5–9, 39–43, 158n
, 160, 174n
, 210–212, 373n
-
Seddik, Majoub ben, 522n
, 523
-
Selby, Richard Roy, Jr., 2n
- Self–determination for dependent areas (see
also under specific countries and areas):
- Belgian position, 41
- Complexity of achieving, 79
- Conflicts arising from demands for, 45–47
- European Monroe Doctrine for Africa, proposed, 164–165, 178–179
- Neutrality of new states, 46–47
- Political and economic problems accompanying, 46
- Premature self–government, dangers of, 196
- Preparedness of countries for self–government, 9–12, 196, 198–199
- Timetables for, 2–7, 40–44
-
U.K. position, 40–43, 55
-
U.N. General Asembly resolution on,
44
- U.S. policy, 2–12, 24–30, 40–44, 55–56, 65, 78–80
-
Seydoux de Clausonne, Roger, 648–649, 650n
- Shalhi, Buseiri, 451
-
Shaw, John P., 299n
-
Shuckburgh, Charles Arthur Evelyn,
112, 115n
- Siekman, Philip, 379n
- Silvercruys, Baron, 4n
,
319
- Simons, Thomas W., 389n
-
Simonson, Joseph, 329, 330, 332n
, 344, 346, 350n
, 353, 357
-
Simpson, Clarence L., 406n
-
Simpson, R. Smith, 218
-
Sisco, Joseph J., 297,
298, 775–777, 778
-
Slim, Mongi, 300–302, 654, 656, 660, 663, 671, 679, 686, 690–691, 697–701, 707, 709, 732–735, 762n
-
Smith, D. I., 215n
- Smith, Edwin L., 504
- Smith, Gerald, 264
-
Smith, James H., Jr., 601, 602n
- Smith, L. M., 793
- Snyder, C. K., 808
- Somalia, 54–55, 86–87,
203
- Border crossing problem, 619
- British Commonwealth, possible membership in, 618–619
- Economic development, 618
- Elections, 617
- Ethiopia:
- Border dispute with, 337, 341–343, 346–348, 354, 608–612, 614–615, 619, 621–623
- Federation with, possible, 618
- Independence issue, 613–616, 619–621
- Italian economic assistance, 615, 619–620
- Italian role after independence, 616
-
U.K. policy toward, 346–348
- U.S. consular representation, 612–613
- U.S. economic assistance, 613, 614, 619–620
- U.S. military assistance, 620
-
Soustelle, Jacques, 110, 702, 766
- South Africa. See
Union of South Africa.
- South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), 813
- South West Africa, 805, 828, 830, 832–833
- Soviet Union (see also
Communist threat in Africa), 18, 26, 36,
712
- Algeria, interest in, 141
- British East Africa and, 204
- Diplomatic offensive in Africa, 364–365, 372–373
- Egypt, relations with, 637, 780
- France, relations with, 224
- French North Africa, interest in, 108,
515
- Ghana, relations with, 54, 81, 362–364, 381–383
- Influence in African states, 81
- Latin America, interest in, 408
- Liberia, relations with. See under
Liberia.
- Libya, relations with. See under
Libya.
- Morocco, relations with, 540–541, 556,
561
-
U.N. strategy, 223
-
Spaak, Paul–Henri, 28n
, 222, 311
- Spain, 103, 132,
560, 580, 593–594, 596, 710, 713
-
Spencer, John, 351n
, 610
- Sprague, Mansfield D., 596n
- Sprouse, Philip D., 309–312, 314, 316–317
- Staats, Elmer B., 88n
,
144n
- Stackhouse, Heywood H., 508–510
- Stalin, Iosif V., 56
-
Stassen, Harold E., 134
- Steere, Loyd V., 33n
,
210n
, 211, 212, 214n
- Stellenbosch University, 813
-
Stephen, Henry H., 318,
323
- Stevenson, Adlai, 286, 383, 799, 825
-
Stewart, Gordon M., 538
- Stobart, Patrick Desmond, 504, 509
-
Stokes, William N., 588n
-
Streibert, Theodore C., 9
-
Strijdom, Johannes Gerhardus, 31n
, 787, 798, 800, 801
- Strong, Curtis C., 215–217
- Sub–Saharan Africa. See
Africa South of the Sahara.
- Sudan, 59, 67, 69n
, 267, 623
- Communist countries, relations with, 629
- Communist threat, 636–637, 643,
644, 646
- Economic situation, 631, 633–634, 638, 645
- Egypt, relations with, 624–625, 627–629, 637–638, 644–645
-
Eisenhower Doctrine,
position on, 634–635, 639–643, 647
- Ethiopia, relations with, 354–355, 638,
646
- Independence for, 624–627
- Internal security, 646
- Labor unions, 646
- Nile waters issue, 624–626, 629,
638
-
Nixon’s visit, 63, 633–639
- North African orientation, 86–87
- Political situation, 63
- Private investment in, 645
-
Richards Mission visit,
639–643
- Strategic importance, 643, 645–646
-
U.N. membership for, 628
- U.S. economic assistance, 626, 628–631, 633–634, 639–643
- U.S. education exchange program, 632
- U.S. food grants, 631
- U.S. information programs, 626, 646
- U.S. military assistance, 628–630, 635
- U.S. policy toward, 63, 625–632
- U.S. technical assistance, 625, 626, 645
- Sutherland, Bill, 378–379, 380
- Sweden, 267, 299,
336, 720
- Switzerland, 710, 713
- Syria, 37, 67, 242, 361, 368, 371–372, 412, 685
-
Talbott, Harold E., 451
- Tanganyika (see also
British East Africa), 6
- Colonial history, 197–198
- Communist threat, 204
- Economic situation, 199, 200
- Educational system, 198, 200
- Political situation, 203
- Self–determination for, 40–42, 44, 184, 195–200
- U.S. educational exchange program, 185
- Tanganyika African National Union (TANU),
197
- Tangier, Committee of Control in, 515
- Tangier Declaration and Protocol (1956), 542–543
-
Tappin, John L., 247n
, 415–419, 420n
, 423, 426n
, 428–430, 433–434, 435n
,
436–438, 442, 445–452, 456–457, 459–462, 470, 477–479, 495–496, 498n
, 499–501, 503n
, 504–506, 507n
, 508
-
Taylor, Gen. Maxwell, 458n
-
Taylor, Paul, 325–327
- Technical assistance programs, U.S. (see also U.S.
technical assistance under specific countries), 22–23
- Technical Cooperation Administration, 48
- Tela, A. S., 31n
- Tema, S. S., 31n
- Tewfik, Hammad, 643n
- Thailand, 67, 242
- Thompson, C. H., 215n
-
Timmons, Benson E. L., III,
100n
, 286, 764
-
Todd, R. S. Garfield, 23,
32, 211
- Todman, Terence, 210
- Togoland. See
British Togoland; French
Togoland.
-
Tolbert, Frank, 403
-
Tolbert, William R., Jr., 401, 405–409
- Tomlinson, F. R., 31n
- Torbert, Horace G., Jr., 282, 704, 706–707, 714n
, 716, 723, 730n
- Trade, U.S.–Africa (see also under specific
countries), 15, 16, 77
- Treasury, U.S. Department of, 132
- Treaties, conventions, agreements, etc.:
- Anglo–French Agreement for the Re–Establishment of the
International Administration of Tangier (1945), 543
- Baghdad Pact (1955), 780
- British Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with Libya (1953), 418
- Convention Regarding the Organization of the Statute of the
Tangier Zone (1923), 543
- Tangier Declaration and Protocol (1956),
542–543
- Treaty of Fez (1912), 114
- Treaty of Peace and Friendship, U.S.–Morocco (1787), 542 Tropical Africa.
See
Africa South of the Sahara.
-
Tubman, William V. S., 61, 389–405, 407, 411–414
- Tunisia (see also
French North Africa), 59, 69n
- Algeria, alleged arms shipments to, 679, 687, 692–693, 708
- Algerian rebellion:
- Effect on Tunisia, 141–142, 276–279, 662
- Tunisian position, 657, 661–662, 665, 675–676, 678, 679, 708–709
- Tunisian role in mediation, 265–266, 271–272, 274–275, 281, 284, 287–288, 291n
, 293–295, 301
- Arms for internal security:
- Algerians supplied with arms, concerns re, 687, 692–693, 695, 698–699, 703, 725, 740–741, 767, 768
- Economic assistance funds used to purchase, 667, 669–671
- Egypt as supplier of, 698,
699, 710, 749n
, 752–758, 762–763, 765–769
-
Eisenhower’s
assessment of events, 758–761
- France as possible supplier of, 702–706, 713, 720, 734, 737, 740–741, 746–758, 765
- France’s failure to provide, 680, 681, 684
- Independence of Tunisia and, 681–682, 685–686, 709–710
- Press reports on, 693–694, 696, 702
- Pro–Western orientation of Tunisia and, 683n
, 687–689, 696
- Soviet Union as possible supplier of, 680, 682–684, 686, 689, 696, 710, 717
- Tunisian request to U.S. for, 679–682, 685–687
- Tunisia’s need for, 679–681, 687, 690–691, 700
- Tunisia’s right to, 716–717, 728
- Types required, 714, 734–735
- U.S.–French communications on, 688–689, 692–693, 696, 702–706, 714–715
- U.S.–French relations, impact on, 740–741, 746–748
- U.S.–French review of events, 764–770
- U.S. grant funds for, 771n
- U.S. policy on, 658–659, 682–684, 690–691, 694–695, 697–698, 704–705, 713–715, 770–771
- U.S. study on requirements re, 680, 682, 701, 734, 771
- U.S.–U.K. joint plan of
action, 716–729
- U.S.–U.K. “token” delivery
of arms, 729–758, 760–763, 765
- Western allies as possible suppliers of, 680, 686–687, 692–695, 698, 700–702, 706, 710–711, 713–716, 720–722, 731n
-
Bourguiba’s visit to U.S.,
656–658
- Colonialism, policy on, 664–665
- Communications and transportation equipment from U.S., 667, 669–671, 701,
714, 771n
- Communist threat, 664, 666, 670,
712
- Democracy, commitment to, 660–661
- Economic situation, 123, 127, 140,
668
-
Eisenhower Doctrine,
support for, 661, 664
- Federation with North African countries, possible, 560
- Foreign relations, Tunisian control of, 651–652
- France, policy toward, 57, 707–708
- Franco–Tunisian clashes, 678, 679–681
- French economic assistance, 90, 265, 278,
671–679
- French military bases, 703, 709, 759
- French “special interests” in, 301
- French troops in, 278–279
- Independence for, 91, 103, 110,
121, 127, 139, 650
- French presence following, 140
- Israel, policy toward, 657, 663
-
Nixon’s visit, 57–58, 660–663
- North African University, 64
- Political situation, 91, 121, 127
- Republic, establishment of, 679
-
Richards Mission visit,
664–670
-
U.N. Security Council actions on,
possible, 686n
,
691
- United States, relations with, 660–661
- U.S. assistance programs, 648
- U.S. diplomatic relations with, 535,
651–652
- U.S. economic assistance, 58, 129–132, 146–147, 653–656, 658, 662–664, 666–674
- U.S. food grants, 648–649, 653n
, 656
- U.S.–French Heads of State meeting re, 772–774
- U.S. offices, attacks on, 118, 122, 649–650
- U.S. policy toward, 107, 114, 143–144
-
Tunner, Gen., 428n
, 451, 477n
- Turkey, 299, 409,
492, 710
- Twe Sung, 390
-
Twining, Gen. Nathan F., 72, 74n
, 89
-
Tyler, William R., 98–99, 157, 171, 248–249, 258, 270, 271, 280–281, 566n
, 651, 673–676, 690, 697n
- Uganda (see also
British East Africa), 55
- Communist threat, 204
- Education in, 208–209
- Political situation, 202–203
- Self–determination for, 208–209
- U.S. consular representation, 184,
190–191
- U.S. information activities, 185
- U.S. policy toward, 208–209
- U.S. technical assistance, 193
- Umar, Yassin, 643n
-
UNICEF, 194
- Union Générale des Syndicats Algériens (UGSA), 257
- Union Générale des Travailleurs Algériens (UGTA), 257
- Union Morocaine du Travail (UMT), 522–524, 551n
, 557
- Union of South Africa (see also
South West Africa), 18,
87
- Afrikaners, 31, 795
- Apartheid. See
Racial policies
below.
- Black nationalism, 822
- British Commonwealth, membership in, 791–792
- Communist threat, 81
- Defense issues, 779–784
- Dutch Reformed Church, 792, 795, 811
- Economic situation, 51, 81
- Foreign policy, 787
- Living standards, problem of, 812–813
- Missionaries in, 789
- Non–Europeans:
- Press reports on, 785–786, 825
- Private investment in, 788
- Racial policies, 30–32
- Domestic attitude, 792, 813
- Group Areas Act, 775
- Rationale for, 785–786, 799, 831
-
U.N. General Assembly
actions on, 775–777, 787, 790, 805–806, 819–820, 833–834
- U.S. efforts to change, 39,
787–788, 790, 792–793, 796–797, 801–803, 805
- U.S. officials’ comments on, 824–825, 830–831
- U.S. support of, indirect, 38–39
- Soil depletion, 31–32
- Strategic importance, 807
- Trade sanctions against, 39
-
U.N. General Assembly actions on,
787, 790
- United Nations, reduced participation in, 798–801, 828–829, 830, 836–837
- Uranium and mineral production, 788–789, 791
- U.S. educational exchange program, 796
- U.S. Fourth of July celebrations, 39–40
- U.S. information programs, 795–796, 809,
815, 827
- U.S. officials, visits by, 824–825
- U.S. policy toward, 789–790
- Agreements with, 788
- Embassy study on, 807–828
- Trade with, 795
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See Soviet
Union.
- Union Syndical des Bases Americans (USBA), 522n
,
523
- Union Syndical des Travailleurs Algériens (USTA), 257
- United Arab Republic. See
Egypt.
- United Kingdom (see also
British East Africa; Libya; Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation
of), 3, 242,
267, 623
- Afro–Asian Conference (1955), 1–2
- Algeria, policy toward, 114–115, 232,
296
- British Togoland, 36–37, 362
- British West Africa, 36–37, 47
- Colombo Plan for Africa, 70–71
- Commonwealth, development of, 656–657
- Communist threat in Africa, position on, 53–54, 56
- Economic assistance to African nations, 49, 82
- Egypt, relations with, 638
- Ethiopia, relations with, 54, 336, 345,
347
- Foreign policy reappraisal, 465–466
- French North Africa and, 104, 106, 112–115
- Ghana and, 361, 365–367, 369–372, 385
- Morocco and, 516, 517, 520
- Self–determination for dependent areas, position on, 40–43, 55
- Somalia and, 346–348
- Sudan and, 624, 627, 644n
- Tunisia, arms for, 716–723, 729–733, 736,
752–754,
756
- Union of South Africa and, 779n
, 783
- United Nations Charter, 184, 591–592
- United Nations General Assembly (see also U.N. General Assembly subheadings under
specific countries):
- Afro–Asian group, 66–68
- Nyerere’s address to, 199n
- Resolutions:
-
392 (V), Dec. 15, 1950, re
Somalia–Ethiopia border dispute, 608n
, 609
-
854 (IX), Dec. 14, 1954, re
Somalia–Ethiopia border dispute, 608
-
860 (IX), Dec. 14, 1954, re Ghana,
361
-
909 (X), Nov. 25, 1955, re Algeria,
232n
-
911 (X), Dec. 3, 1955, re Morocco,
107n
-
917 (X), Dec. 6, 1955, re South
Africa, 779n
-
934 (X), Dec. 3, 1955, re South
West Africa, 782
-
940 (X), Dec. 3, 1955, re South
West Africa, 782
-
942 (X), Dec. 3, 1955, re South
West Africa, 782
-
944 (X), Dec. 15, 1955, re Ghana,
361
-
947 (X), Dec. 17, 1955, re
Somalia–Ethiopia border dispute, 610n
-
1012 (XI), Feb. 1957, re Algeria,
261–262
-
1015 (XI), Jan. 30, 1957, re Union
of South Africa, 806
-
1044 (XI), Dec. 13, 1956 re Ghana,
362
-
1046 (XI), Jan. 23, 1957, re French
Togoland, 67, 169–174
-
1047 (XI), Jan. 23, 1957, re South
West Africa, 805
-
1054 (XI), Feb. 26, 1957, re South
West Africa, 805
-
1059 (XI), Feb. 26, 1957, re South
West Africa, 805
-
1064 (XI), Feb. 26, 1957, re
self–determination for dependent areas, 44
-
1065 (XI), Feb. 26, 1957, re
Tanganyika, 199n
-
1068 (XI), Feb. 26, 1957, re
Somalia–Ethiopia border dispute, 343, 610n
-
1143 (XII), Oct. 25, 1957, re South
West Africa, 832
-
1178 (XII), Nov. 26, 1957, re Union
of South Africa, 834n
-
1182 (XII), Nov. 29, 1957, re
French Togoland, 180–182
-
1184 (XII), Dec. 10, 1957, re
Algeria, 301n
-
1213 (XII), Dec. 13, 1957, re
Somalia–Ethiopia border dispute, 623
- United Nations Security Council:
- Algeria, actions on, 242
- Tunisia, possible actions on, 686n
, 691
- United Nations Trusteeship Council, 8, 40
- Resolutions:
-
1084 (VX), Mar. 14, 1955, re Ghana,
361
-
1257 (XVI), July 21, 1955, re
Somalia–Ethiopia border dispute, 608n
-
1496 (XVIII), July 31, 1956, re
Ghana, 361
-
1499 (XVIII), Aug. 9, 1956, re
French Togoland, 157–160
- French Togoland resolution of 1957,
165–174
- United Nations Visiting Mission to East Africa, 2–6
- United States Information Agency (USIA),
8–9, 90, 94, 104, 118, 122, 185, 192, 304, 543, 626, 809, 815
- United States Information Service (USIS),
123, 185, 191, 304, 310–312, 317–318, 795, 809, 815
- University of South Africa, 813
-
Upton, Robert W., 393,
396
-
Urrutia, Francisco, 230n
- Uruguay, 223
-
Valluy, Gen. Jean, 120n
, 239
-
Van Eeden, Guillaume François Marais, 33n
- Vasey, Ernest A., 185
- Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch, 811, 818
-
Villiers, J. P. de, 779
-
Vimont, Jacques, 1–2, 157,
171, 270, 271, 651, 678n
- Vinci, Piero, 616n
- Vinogradov, Sergei A., 119
- Voice of America (VOA), 146, 543, 566, 588
- Voikov, A. P., 363n
,
390n
, 391–393, 395
- Volta River Project, 49–50, 60, 376, 378n
,
379n
, 383–385
-
Wailes, Edward T., 31n
, 40, 783, 788, 791–793
-
Wainhouse, David W., 231–232
- Wallner, Woodruff, 428n
, 457n
, 477n
-
Walmsley, Walter N., Jr., 80n
, 286, 764, 828n
, 833
-
Ware, Robert L., Jr., 195–200
- Warren, Avra M., 476
- Watson, Adam, 479n
-
Welensky, Sir Roy, 33, 211, 214n
-
Wellborn, Alfred T., 577–580
-
Wellons, Alfred, 608n
-
Wells, Herman, 623
-
West, George L., Jr., 513n
- Westinghouse International, 456
- White, Lincoln, 706
-
Whitehead, Sir Edgar, 211n
-
Whitney, John Hay, 53
-
Wight, William L., Jr., 793, 808
-
Wilcox, Francis O., 8, 40, 66, 157–160, 173, 174, 244, 258, 295, 297–298, 439n
-
Wilkins, Fraser, 53, 258, 479n
-
Wilson, Charles E., 332, 333, 348, 419, 443n
, 482n
, 484, 553n
, 780n
-
Wilson, James, 595
-
Withers, Charles D., 4n
-
Witman, William, 612,
614–615, 688n
-
Wolde, Tsahafe Tezaz Tafarra Worq Kidane, 344
- World Health Organization, 194
- Xuma, A. B., 31n
, 803n
-
Yassein, Mohammed Osman, 646n
- Yates, Sam L., 319n
- Yazid, M’hammed, 246, 284–285
- Yemen, 67, 242
- Yifru, Ato Ketema, 351n
-
Yost, Charles W., 565n
, 566n
, 702, 706, 749n
- Yugoslavia, 242, 336
- Zallaka, Ato Gashaou, 351n
- Zanzibar, 203
- Zarroug, Mubarak, 628, 629n
- Zeineddine, Farid, 268n
-
Zellerbach, James D., 616n