Index

• Abbas, Ferhat, 256–258
• Abdullah, Aden, 617–620
• Aboud, El–Mehdi ben, 546, 548n, 590
• Achilles, Theodore C., 220n, 221, 222n, 519n
• Adu, A. L., 375, 383n, 384n, 387n
• Afghanistan, 67, 242
• Africa. See Africa South of the Sahara; Communist threat in Africa; Missionaries in Africa; French North Africa; Racial problems in Africa; Self–determination for dependent areas; and individual countries and areas.
• Africa South of the Sahara (see also specific countries):
  • Areas included in, 85–87
  • Communist threat, 18, 26, 37, 46, 53–54, 77, 81
  • Conflicts in, 18
  • Detribalization process, 84
  • Economic development, need for, 20, 28–29, 82–85
  • Economic relations with Europe, 76–77, 82–85
  • Education needs, 20–21, 83–84
  • Indians in, question of, 19, 204
  • Islam, 18, 85
  • Multi–racialism, need for, 20
  • Nationalism in, 18
  • Political instability, 78
  • Strategic importance, 47, 77, 81
  • U.S. consular representation, 21–22
  • U.S. economic assistance, 17, 81–82, 83
  • U.S. economic interests, 77
  • U.S. Fourth of July celebrations, 37, 39–40
  • U.S. humanitarian assistance, 78
  • U.S. military presence, 15, 16
  • U.S. policy toward, 13–30
    • National Intelligence Estimate on, 45–47
    • NSC report, 72–74, 75–87
    • Trade with, 77
• African National Congress, 812
• Afro–Asian Conference (1955), 1–2
• Afro–Asian People’s Solidarity Conference (1957), 69n, 414
• Ahmad, Ibrahim, 629n, 634n, 639
• Ahmed, Hocine Ait, 246n
• Air Force, U.S., 15, 89, 417
• Ajavon, Robert, 180–182
• Aklilou Abte Wolde. See Habtewold, Aklilou.
• Akpabio, I. U., 50n
• Akran, C. D., 50n
• Aldrich, Winthrop W., 106n, 465–466, 518
• Alexander, Roy, 380
• Algeciras powers, 114
• Alger, Frederick M., Jr., 303–307
• Algeria (see also French North Africa):
  • Communist threat, 141, 257, 258–259, 284–285, 468
  • Democratic evolutionary development, scenario for, 275
  • Elections, proposed, 253, 257, 258
  • European Algerians, 141, 254–255
  • Federation with North African countries, possible, 560
  • French extrication from, plan for, 282–284
  • French military actions, 119, 122
    • Civilian population, measures against, 221
    • Success of, 282–284
    • Troops transferred to Algeria, 219–220
    • U.S.–furnished weapons and equipment, use of, 119, 219–222, 238–239, 240, 241, 243
  • French policy toward, 233, 250–251
  • Economic development, 90, 282–283
    • Failure, likelihood of, 248–249
    • Failure blamed on U.S., 234, 239
    • Federation with Algeria, proposed, 110–111, 113, 254, 259–261, 280
    • Independence, rejection of, 273
    • Lacoste’s reforms, 263
    • Loi–Cadre proposal, 273–274, 276, 279–281, 283, 286–287, 292–293, 772
  • Front for National Liberation (FLN) (see also Nationalist rebellion below), 246–248, 283–286, 293, 468, 675, 768
  • Labor organizations, 257
  • Mediterranean conference on, proposed, 674, 678
  • Melouza massacre, 266–269
  • Nationalist rebellion, 57, 92, 110
    • FLN leaders’ arrest, 246–248, 264
    • FLN leaders’ position, 255–258
    • French policy toward, 122, 140–141
    • Libyan position, 468
    • Moroccan position, 539, 563
    • Morocco, effect on, 141–142, 276–279, 556, 558, 560
    • Negotiations between French and rebels, 141, 283–284
    • Soviet interest in, 141
    • Tunisia, effect on, 141–142, 276–279, 662
    • Tunisian–Moroccan role in mediation to end fighting, 265–266, 271–272, 274–275, 281, 284, 287–288, 291n, 293–294, 295, 301
    • Tunisian position, 657, 661–662, 665, 675–676, 678, 679, 708–709
    • U.S. position, 142, 143, 147
    • Weapons, sources of, 709, 768–769
  • Three–power conference on, proposed, 249
  • Tunisian arms shipments to, alleged, 679, 687, 692–693, 708
  • U.K. policy toward, 114–115
  • U.N. General Assembly actions on, 121, 136
    • Debates, 287–288, 294–302
    • Failure, likelihood of, 292
    • FLN strategy, 284–285
    • French diplomatic efforts, 227–232, 244–245, 266, 287–288
    • French Loi–Cadre proposal, 273–274, 279–281, 286–287
    • French position, 222–224, 255
    • French proposal for federation, 259–260
    • 1955, 222–232
    • 1956, 244–245, 250–253, 255, 259–262, 264–265
    • 1957, 266, 273–274, 279–281, 284–302
    • Resolutions, 232n, 261–262, 286–287, 300–301
    • Tunisian–Moroccan role in, 281, 284, 287–288, 291n, 301
    • U.K. position, 232, 296
    • U.S. draft resolution, 289–291
    • U.S. position, 127, 136, 225–227, 250–253, 264–265, 274, 280–281, 293–294, 296–298, 300
  • U.N. Security Council actions on, 242
  • U.S. policy toward, 107, 127, 234–237, 240–241, 250–253, 262–263, 266, 275–276
    • French attitude toward, 234, 239, 242–243, 270–271
    • Kennedy’s speech on, 270–271
  • U.S. public opinion, 240–241
• All–African People’s Conference (1958), 69n
• Allen, Arthur B., 697, 732
• Allen, George V., 4n, 12–13, 22–23, 112n, 201, 402, 415, 439n, 520–521, 543, 608, 625n, 780, 781, 783–784
• Alphand, Hervé:
  • Algeria, 222–224, 227n, 228, 229–230, 244–245, 248, 258, 264–266, 270–271, 280–281, 285, 295–300
  • French Togoland, 166, 171–174, 180–182
  • Tunisia, 673–674, 704–706, 723–728, 736n, 741–744, 761–763, 764
• Aluminum, 383, 385–386
• Aluminum Limited of Canada, 385
• Ammar, Taher Ben, 648–649
• Andom, B. G. Amanuel, 356
• Angola, 26–27, 28
• Anthis, Col. Rollen H., 417
• Anzilotti, Enrico, 615, 617, 619n
• Arab League, 423, 447, 487–489, 492, 560
• Arab–Israeli dispute, 59, 663
• Arden–Clarke, Sir Charles Noble, 368, 833
• Aregai, Ras Abebe, 348n
• Armstrong, A. C. F., 603
• Armstrong, W. Park, Jr., 538
• Asafu–Adjaye, Edward O., 382
• Asbjornson, Mildred, 741n, 752n
• Aswan High Dam, 29, 441, 624–626, 629
• Australia, 242, 361
• Austria, 299, 408
• Avilov, Viktor I., 364
• Awolowo, Obafemi, 50n
• Azhari, Ismail, 625
• Azikiwe, Nnamdi, 50n
• Baako, Kofi, 380
• Baghdad Pact, 780
• Balafrej, Ahmed, 287, 516, 528, 537n, 540n, 541, 545n, 546n, 548, 549, 551, 552, 554, 557, 562, 565, 566, 575, 576, 578, 582n, 585n, 585, 590, 593, 594, 595–599
• Balewa, Abubakar Tarawa, 50n, 606n
• Bane, David, 244n
• Barbour, Walworth, 371–372, 513n
• Barco, James W., 297
• Bargues, Robert, 160, 169n, 174n
• Barka, Mehdi Ben, 581n
• Barkley, Alben W., 402
• Barnes, Robert G., 12n, 671n
• Barrett, Reginald, 603
• Barrow, John R., 8–12, 183
• Basdevant, Jean, 248n
• Baum, Robert D., 830
• Beach, Arthur E., 624n, 625n, 626n, 627, 629n
• Bearce, Roger M., 315, 322
• Beaumarchais, Jacques Delarüe Caron de, 548, 551n, 573
• Beeley, Harold, 53
• Bekkai, M’barek, 520n, 561, 576–577
• Belgian Congo:
  • Belgo–U.S. relations and, 303, 305–309, 312, 316
  • Economic situation, 50–51
  • Kalonji visa case, 305–309
  • Katanga region, 313–314
  • Political situation, 316
  • Strategic materials for U.S., 47
  • University facilities, 304
  • U.S. assistance programs, 304
  • U.S. consular representation, 309–312
  • U.S. information activities, 304, 310–312, 317–318
  • U.S. support for independence movements, alleged, 314–317, 319–324
• Belgium (see also Belgian Congo), 3–4, 28, 41, 242, 267
  • Arms for Tunisia, possible supplier of, 680, 686, 710, 720, 722n, 731n
  • Economic assistance for dependent areas, 82
• Beliard, J., 258
• Bell, Laird, 777
• Bell, T. S., 215n
• Bella, Mohamed Ben, 246
• Ben Arafa, Sultan, 100, 511
• Bernau, Phyllis D., 753n, 756n
• Berry, Col. Edward S., 325, 326, 329
• Bidault, Georges, 96
• Blair, William, 825n
• Blaustein, Jacob, 779
• Bliss, Don C., Jr., 62n, 359n, 617–621
• Blundell, Michael, 34
• Bolivia, 299
• Bolton, Frances P., 3, 373n, 402, 830
• Bolton, Kenyon C., 534n
• Bonsai, Philip W., 806
• Botsio, Kojo, 362, 363, 364n
• Bottomley, James R. A., 365, 479n
• Bouabid, Abderrahim, 520, 549n, 600–601
• Bouazza, Taieb Ben, 522n
• Boucetta, Mohammed, 582n
• Boudiaf, Mohammed, 246n
• Bourgès–Maunoury, Maurice, 100, 238, 239, 264, 273, 276n, 674n, 693, 694, 704n
• Bourguiba, Habib, 114, 121, 246, 265, 272, 277, 281, 293, 560, 651–653, 656–666, 668, 671, 673, 677–682, 685–687, 692–693, 695n, 696, 699, 703n, 707, 713, 726n, 727, 732–733, 736, 739–740, 742, 745, 748, 749n, 753–755, 757, 767–769, 772, 774
• Bourguiba, Habib, Jr., 700, 707
• Bovey, John A., Jr., 112n, 115n, 255n, 256, 268n, 286, 300, 501n, 513n, 520n, 542n, 548n, 564n, 568n, 569n, 581n, 590, 595, 598n, 621n, 658n, 671n, 716n, 721, 729n, 762n, 764
• Brady, Leslie S., 100n
• Brady, Tom, 685
• Brazil, 259
• British Aluminum Company, 385
• British East Africa (see also specific territories), 11
  • Communist threat, 204
  • “Multi–racial society” in, 188–189
  • Political situation, 201–203
  • Strategic importance, 204–205
  • U.S. consular representation, 184, 190–191, 205–207
  • U.S. economic assistance, 52
  • U.S. educational exchange program, 185, 192–193
  • U.S. information activities, 185, 191–192
  • U.S. private activities, 186, 194
  • U.S. six–point program, 183–187, 189–195, 206
  • U.S. specialized training programs, 194–195
  • U.S. technical assistance, 185–186, 188–189, 193
• British Togoland, 36–37, 362
• British West Africa (see also specific territories), 36–37, 47
• Brokenburr, Robert L., 778
• Brosio, Manlio, 615
• Brown, Irving, 239, 243
• Browne, W. Mallory, 161–165, 175–179
• Brownell, George, 534n
• Brundage, Percival F., 131, 133, 134, 331, 484
• Brutus, D., 31n
• Bulganin, Nikolai A., 26n
• Bulgaria, 336, 540n
• Buller, Hyde, 215–216
• Bulli, Gen. Muleguetta, 325n
• Burger, Jan, 813
• al–Buri, Wahbi, 467, 508–509
• Burma, 67
• Burns, Sir Alan, 42
• Bursley, Gilbert E., 315, 317–323
• Busia, Kofi Abrefa, 387–388
• Byroade, Henry A., 786, 800–802, 808, 816, 828–829, 835n
• Cabell, Lt. Gen. Charles P., 73–74
• Caccia, Sir Harold, 53, 369–371, 716–717, 722
• Cain, Col. William J., Jr., 428, 433, 446, 449
• Cambodia, 67, 712
• Cameroons. See French Cameroons.
• Campbell, Waldemar B., 830
• Canada, 49, 385
• Canham, P. H., 362n
• Cannon, Cavendish W., 540n, 541–543, 544n, 545n, 546n, 549n, 551n, 554n, 561, 566, 577, 578, 582n, 585–587, 668
• CARE, 186, 194
• Carlier, Georges, 4n
• Carnegie Corporation, 194, 206
• Catroux, Gen. Georges, 233n
• Central African Federation. See Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of.
• Ceylon, 67, 623
• Chalet, Albert du, 285, 764
• Chanderli, Abdel Kader, 284
• Chapman, Daniel, 368
• China, People’s Republic of, 365–374, 390, 402–405
• China, Republic of, 242, 365–374, 411
• Chiping H. C. Kiang, 158
• Church World Services, 194
• Clark, Lewis, 100n, 242n, 243, 262–263
• Cocoa, 49, 375, 384
• Cole, William E., Jr., 646n
• Collins, Gen. J. Lawton, 219n
• Colombo Plan for Africa, 70–71, 82
• Colombia, 259
• Colonialism, U.S. policy on, 665
• Columbite, 604–605
• Commerce, U.S. Department of, 605
• Communist threat in Africa, 2
  • Africa South of the Sahara, 18, 26, 37, 46, 53–54, 77, 81
  • Algeria, 141, 257–259, 284–285, 468
  • British East Africa, 204
  • Egypt, 637
  • French North Africa, 102, 128
  • Kenya, 204
  • Liberia, 412
  • Libya, 416, 470–471
  • Morocco, 557, 562, 574, 575, 577
  • Sudan, 636–637, 643, 644, 646
  • Tanganyika, 204
  • Tunisia, 664, 666, 670, 712
  • Uganda, 204
  • U.K. position, 53–54, 56
  • Union of South Africa, 81
  • U.S. position, 53–54, 73–74, 81
• Conference of Independent African States (1957), 68–69, 84
• Congo. See Belgian Congo.
• Congress, U.S.:
  • Economic assistance for Africa, 188n
  • Eisenhower Doctrine, 52
  • Morocco, U.S. extraterritorial rights in, 121
  • Self–determination for dependent areas, resolution on, 7–8, 10
• Consultative Committee for Technical Assistance in Africa (CCTA), 70n
• Cook, Gen. Orval R., 89, 325, 326
• Cooper, John W., 411
• Corfitzen, W. E., 617
• Cornélis, Henri, 320, 321n, 322–323
• Costa Rica, 223
• Coty, René, 757
• Couve de Murville, Maurice de, 157–159
• Crawford, Sir Frederick, 34
• Cuba, 242
• Cutler, Robert, 72, 74, 291n, 482–483
• Cyr, Leo G., 33n, 325, 515, 552n, 608n, 785, 789
• Czechoslovakia, 310–311, 336, 373, 540n
• Dabney, Maj. Gen. J. A., 325n
• Dale, William N., 721
• Daridan, Jean–Henri, 248–249, 730n
• Davies, Rodger P., 449
• De Gaulle, Charles, 275
• De Guiringaud. See Guiringaud, Louis de.
• De la Grandville. See Grandville, Jean de la.
• De la Mare, Walter, 365–368
• De Laboulaye. See Laboulaye, François de.
• De Latour. See Latour, Gen. Boyer de.
• De Rose. See Rose, François de.
• Dean, P. H., 53
• Decker, Gen. George H., 356
• Defense, U.S. Department of, 5, 6, 62, 65, 93, 327n, 328n, 332n, 348n, 533, 553n, 780
• Deferre, Gaston, 165–168, 170n, 171n
• Delvaux de Fenffe, Jacques, 309–310, 312n, 314–315
• Denmark, 720
• Dependent areas. See Self–determination for dependent areas.
• Deressa, Yilma, 608n, 621, 622n
• Diefenbaker, John G., 385
• Diggs, Charles C., Jr., 373n
• Dillon, C. Douglas, 89
  • Algeria, 219n, 220n, 222–224, 226n, 227, 233n, 234–237, 240–241, 242–243, 248n, 250–251, 253n, 254–255
  • French North Africa, 95–97, 100–105, 107n, 112n, 115–116, 117–120, 122, 127, 142n
  • French Togoland, 165–168, 170n
  • Morocco, 511–514, 518–519, 524–531, 537–538, 544–545, 546n, 548n, 551n, 554n, 565, 601–602
  • Tunisia, 648–650, 653–654, 655n
• al–Din, Mahammed Nur, 643n
• Dinke, Berhanou, 608n
• Dodds–Parker, Douglas, 347
• Dolgin, George, 600n, 612
• Dorros, Leon G., 612, 615n, 621n
• Dorsz, Edmund J., 183, 188–195, 201–207
• Du Plessis. See Plessis, W. C. du.
• Duffill, Capt. Monroe B., 7n
• Dukuly, Momolu, 397
• Dulles, Allen, 2n, 333, 360n
• Dulles, John Foster, 1n, 30
  • Africa South of the Sahara, 13n
  • Algeria, 136, 219–220, 226–227, 233, 234n, 247–248, 258–261, 268n, 270–272, 276, 286–296, 299
  • Belgian Congo, 308–309
  • British East Africa, 183–187
  • Colombo Plan for Africa, 70
  • Communist threat in Africa, 53–54, 73n
  • Conference of Independent African States (1957), 68–69
  • Ethiopia, 54, 329–330, 332n, 341, 342
  • French North Africa, 88, 96, 104n, 105, 112, 134–136, 516
  • French Togoland, 157–158, 168–170
  • Ghana, 373n
  • Liberia, 396–397, 406–410
  • Libya, 426–427, 434–436, 439, 457–458, 479–481, 487, 497–499, 501–504, 506–507
  • Morocco, 513, 514n, 515–518, 520, 521n, 531, 534, 535–536, 540–541, 542n, 549–554, 564, 568–571, 582–585, 588–594, 598, 600–602
  • Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of, 212–214
  • Self–determination for dependent areas, 2–5, 6, 43, 55–56
  • Somalia, 54–55, 614n, 615–616, 621–623
  • Sudan, 624–632
  • Technical assistance programs, 22
  • Tunisia, 652, 676–679, 680n, 683–684, 686, 688–693, 694–696, 707–718, 721–723, 726–731, 741–745, 748–757, 761–771, 774
  • U.S. Fourth of July celebrations in Africa, 39, 40
• Dumont, Donald, 39, 40, 48n, 159, 210–212
• Durnan, James J., 48n
• Eck, H. J. van, 31n
• Eden, Sir Anthony, 241
• Edusei, Krobo, 387, 401n
• Egger, Charles A., 194
• Egypt, 67, 69n, 103, 242, 368, 371–372, 382
  • African states, influence in, 18, 46, 58–59, 73
  • Communism in, 637
  • Ethiopia, relations with, 336, 347, 354
  • Liberia, relations with, 411–414
  • Libya, relations with, 419–420, 437, 467–468, 473–474, 492
  • Libyan–Soviet relations, role in, 447
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 637, 780
  • Sudan, relations with, 624–625, 627–629, 637–638, 644–645
  • Tunisia, arms for internal security supplied to, 698, 699, 710, 749n, 752–758, 762–763, 765–769
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 638
  • U.S. policy toward, 59
• Eisenhower, Dwight D. (see also Eisenhower Doctrine), 52, 57, 228, 375, 379, 381n, 456n, 804–805, 834
  • Africa South of the Sahara, 75
  • Algeria, 234, 235, 237n, 238n, 246, 259n, 271n, 272
  • Communist threat in Africa, 73
  • Ethiopia, 332–333, 335, 340
  • French North Africa, 58n, 118–120, 132–136
  • Ghana, 373n, 383n, 384–386
  • Liberia, 393, 396–397, 405–407
  • Libya, 429, 439n, 443n, 483–484, 490
  • Morocco, 521n, 542n, 553n, 564n, 588, 589n
  • Self–determination for dependent areas, 55
  • Tunisia, 656–658, 661, 741, 747, 749n, 750–751, 753, 758–761, 772–773
  • Union of South Africa, 791n
• Eisenhower Doctrine, 52
  • Libyan support, 469–470, 477
  • Moroccan support, 562, 575–577
  • Sudanese position, 634–635, 639–643, 647
  • Tunisian support, 661, 664
• El Salvador, 3n, 227
• Elbrick, C. Burke, 53, 142n, 173–174, 244, 248n, 258, 266–267, 286, 291n, 295, 531–533, 680n, 704–706, 721, 723–726, 762–763, 764, 779, 780n, 781
• Elizabeth II, Queen of England, 371
• Ely, Gen. Paul H. R., 219n, 238
• Ensor, Michael de N., 362n, 364
• Erasmus, F. C., 779–784
• Essafi, M’hamed, 300, 697, 732
• Ethiopia, 15, 59, 69n
  • Afro–Asian Conference (1955), 1–2
  • Aircraft for the Emperor, 332–333
  • Communist threat, 336, 356–357, 360
  • Economic situation, 337, 345
  • Egypt, relations with, 336, 347, 354
  • Export–Import Bank loans, 337, 341, 344–345
  • France, relations with, 336
  • Internal security forces, 338, 356
  • “Neutralist” pressures on, 354
  • Nile development, 342, 345, 353–354
  • Nixon’s visit, 61–62, 339–349
  • North African orientation, 86–87
  • Political situation, 61–62, 336–337, 353–354, 358
  • Richards Mission visit, 350–357
  • Somalia:
    • Border dispute with, 337, 341–343, 346–348, 354, 608–612, 614–615, 619, 621–623
    • Federation with, possible, 618
  • Sudan, relations with, 354–355, 638, 646
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 54, 336, 345, 347
  • U.S. economic assistance, 330, 337, 338, 340, 350, 355–356, 358
  • U.S.–Ethiopian “collaboration” in political and military areas, 340–342
  • U.S. information activities, 338, 360
  • U.S. military assistance, 62–63, 337
    • Air Force, assistance for, 350n, 351, 359
    • “Command” divisions, support for, 325–326
    • Cutoff of, possible, 327
    • Ethiopian dissatisfaction with, 62, 329n, 332, 341–342, 344, 348n, 356, 358
    • Ethiopian request list, 352
    • Expansion of, proposed, 349, 350–351, 355, 358
    • Force increases, support for, 359–360
    • Funding for, 328–329, 330
    • NSC discussion on, 331–332
    • U.S.–Ethiopian relations and, 326–327, 331–332, 337–338
  • U.S. military bases, 335, 340, 358
  • U.S. policy toward, 62–63, 328, 340
    • NSC report on, 334–339
    • OCB report on, 357–360
  • U.S. technical assistance, 330, 337, 341
• European Common Market plan, 82, 83
• European Monroe Doctrine for Africa, proposed, 164–165, 178–179
• Export–Import Bank, 337, 341, 344–345, 399, 456, 580n
• Fairless, Benjamin, 132n
• Farah Ali, Hagi, 612–614, 617–618, 623
• el–Fassi, Mohammed Allai, 516n, 557
• Faure, Edgar, 91, 97, 100–102, 109, 111, 511–513, 514n, 515, 517, 519n, 648n
• Faure, Maurice, 546, 565n, 572, 655
• Felix, Robert, 252n, 273
• Ferguson, C. Vaughan, Jr., 149–157, 180, 414n, 528n, 603, 835n
• Finland, 299
• FitzGerald, Dennis A., 600, 601
• Flake, Wilson C., 60n, 379n, 380–388
• Folger, Frederick M., Jr., 319–322
• Ford Foundation, 206
• Foreign Operations Administration, 185
• Forster, Richard D., 833
• Forsythe, Douglas D., 785
• Fourth of July celebrations (U.S.) in Africa, 37, 39–40
• France (see also Algeria; French Togoland; French Equatorial Africa; French North Africa; French West Africa; Morocco; Tunisia), 182n, 214, 242
  • Afro–Asian Conference (1955), 1–2
  • Colonial policy, 712
  • Communists in, 117
  • Economic assistance for dependent areas, 82
  • Ethiopia, relations with, 336
  • French Cameroons, 50
  • Indochina, loss of, 95
  • Political situation, 109, 766–767
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 224
  • U.S. policy toward, 700
• French, Paul Comly, 186
• French Cameroons, 50
• French Equatorial Africa, 150–157
• French North Africa (see also specific countries):
  • Communist threat, 102, 128
  • Economic situation, 102
  • French economic assistance, 90
  • French policy toward, 57–58, 109
    • Constitutional reforms re, 102
    • Failures blamed on U.S., 116–117, 141–142
    • U.S. support for, 94–99, 113, 115–120, 122
  • French troops, U.S. military equipment used by, 90
  • “Interdependence” between France and African areas, 124
  • Nationalism in, 109–110, 128
  • Nixon’s report on, 57–58
  • “Pact solution” to problems with Western countries, 659
  • Political situation, 91–92
  • Press in, 102
  • Racial problems, 35
  • Soviet interest in, 108, 515
  • Tripartite meeting on, 515
  • U.N. General Assembly actions on, 94, 121
  • U.S. economic assistance, 92–94, 108, 131–135
  • U.S.–French Heads of State meeting, 772–774
  • U.S. information activities, 90, 94, 104, 123–124, 130
  • U.S. military assistance, 135
  • U.S. military bases, 89, 91, 93, 112, 122–123, 125, 129, 131–132, 134–136
  • U.S. policy, 58, 90–94, 104
    • French attitude toward, 92–93, 115–117, 147
    • French presence, support for, 94–99, 113, 115–120, 122
    • North Africa’s concerns as basis of, 101–104
    • NSC discussion on, 130–137
    • NSC report on, 138–143
    • OCB reports on, 88–94, 120–130, 144–148
    • Western interests, preservation of, 105–115, 128
  • U.S. press reports on, 119
  • U.S. technical assistance, 94
  • U.S.–U.K. discussions re, 112–115
• French Togoland, 37
  • Trusteeship termination, 67, 157–160, 165–174, 180–182
• French Union, 38
• French West Africa, 48, 150–157, 161–165, 175–179
• Fulbright, J. William, 7
• Gaillard, Felix, 293, 729n, 736–740, 747, 750, 752, 756–757, 763, 770n, 772–773
• Gallman, Waldemar J., 788, 827
• Gasbarri, Luigi, 617–618
• Gaskell, W. P., 603–605
• Gbedemah, K. A., 50n, 378–381, 383
• Generalov, Nicolai I., 363n
• George, Walter F., 53, 521n
• Gerig, O. Benjamin, 6n, 7, 8, 41, 66–68, 158n, 174n, 180
• German Democratic Republic, 336
• Germany, Federal Republic of, 213, 214n
• Ghana (Gold Coast), 182n
  • Afro–Asian Conference (1955), 1
  • Discrimination against Ghanian representative in U.S., 378–381
  • Economic situation, 49–50, 60, 81, 375–376, 378n, 379n, 382–386
  • Foreign policy, 377–378
  • French Togoland and, 182
  • Independence, 36–37, 361–362
  • Independence ceremony, 365–375
  • Liberia, relations with, 400–401, 412, 414
  • Nixon’s visit, 60, 372–373, 374–378
  • Nkrumah’s letter to Eisenhower, 384–386
  • Political situation, 377, 387–388
  • Private investment in, 376–377
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 54, 81, 362–364, 381–383
  • Tubman’s assessment of, 399–400
  • U.S. economic assistance, 386
  • U.S. policy toward, 60
  • U.S. technical assistance, 50, 60, 82, 377
• Glantzberg, Maj. Gen. Frederic E., 417, 523n
• Gleason, S. Everett, 57n, 71n, 74, 120n, 130n, 137, 331n, 481n, 485, 553n
• Gold Coast. See Ghana.
• Goodpaster, Brig. Gen. Andrew J., 53, 381n, 589n
• Gordon, Marcus J., 495
• Gordon, Walter A., 373n
• Gorse, Georges, 665, 676n, 702, 749n, 757
• Graham, W. G. C., 418, 420n, 503–505, 508
• Grandval, Gilbert, 100, 102, 511, 513
• Grandville, Jean de la, 285, 723, 764
• Graves, Thomas V., 808
• Gray, Gordon, 327, 328n, 457n, 463, 533, 548n, 783n
• Greece, 408, 623
• Green, James Frederick, 305n, 309n, 312n, 314–319, 321–324
• Green, Theodore Francis, 329n, 332n, 824
• Griffith, R. A., 215n
• Grigsby, John, 410n
• Gross, Richard L., 313–314
• Gruenther, Gen. Alfred M., 234, 238–239
• Grunitzky, Nicolas, 165n
• Guatemala, 166n, 168, 223, 227–228, 299, 408
• Guillaume, Gen. Augustin, 539
• Guiringaud, Louis de, 228
• Habtewold, Aklilou, 329, 330n, 332n, 341, 346–348, 351–355, 610–612
• Hadj, Messali, 257
• Hadsel, Fred L., 12n, 13n, 23n, 48, 112n, 369, 786–789
• Hagerty, James C., 53
• Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 62, 326–328, 329n, 330n, 332–333, 335–336, 339–345, 352–354, 359
• Haiti, 199n, 299
• Hajeri, M. K., 652, 660, 663, 678
• Halim, Sayyid Mustafa Ben, 416, 419, 420n, 423, 426, 428–434, 435n, 436–438, 441, 445–453, 454, 456, 460n, 466, 467–473, 475–476, 478, 491n, 498n
• Hall, William O., 9
• Hamilton, Anthony A. M., 779
• Hamilton, Pierpont M., 534n
• Hammarskjöld, Dag, 229n
• Hamza, Mirghani, 639
• Hazlett, Capt. E. E., 759n
• Henderson, Loy W., 12n, 13n
• Herter, Christian A., 73, 268n, 350–351, 483–486, 573–574, 581–582, 671, 673–674, 679, 736
• Hill, Robert C., 372–374
• Holland, Henry F., 23
• Hollister, John B., 23, 72, 133, 329, 443n, 484, 634
• Holloway, J. E., 779, 780n, 785–786
• Holmes, Edward W., 808
• Holmes, Julius C., 100, 102, 104n, 105–112, 178n, 208, 321n, 323, 511, 513, 515–518, 522, 528, 530, 606
• Hood, Viscount, 716, 721
• Hooper, Peter, Jr., 208n
• Hoover, Herbert C., Jr.:
  • Algeria, 221–222, 231, 234, 236–237, 245, 252–253
  • Ethiopia, 332–333
  • French North Africa, 116, 142n
  • Ghana, 362–365, 386n
  • Libya, 419–421, 439n
  • Morocco, 542, 546–549, 550n, 551n
  • Tunisia, 654–656, 658n
  • Union of South Africa, 785–786, 801n
• Hoppenot, Henri, 227
• Houghton, Amory, 267n, 273–276, 572
  • Tunisia, 676, 689, 692n, 693–694, 702–703, 706n, 715n, 724, 726n, 728, 736n, 737–739, 740–741, 746–748, 749n, 752–754, 756–758
• Houphouet–Boigny, Felix, 167
• Howe, Fisher, 381n, 749n
• Huddleston, Robert W., 623
• Hughes, Morris N., 650, 652n
• Humphrey, George M., 131–135
• Hungary, 401, 408, 713
• Hunt, Ralph H., 606–607
• Hussein, Ahmed, 625n
• Iceland, 223
• Idris I, King of Libya, 419, 420n, 423, 435n, 436–437, 449–451, 454, 469, 477
• Imru, Michael, 356
• India, 3n, 26, 46, 67
  • Emigrants to Africa, 19, 204
  • Ghana and, 361, 372
  • Influence in African states, 66–68, 73
  • Togoland resolution in U.N., 158, 172–174
• Indochina, 95, 712
• Indonesia, 67, 242, 623
• Inga Hydroelectric–Industrial complex, 51
• Institute of Race Relations, 813
• Interior, U.S. Department of, 5, 6
• International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 60, 352, 356, 376, 385, 613, 624, 626
• International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 81
• International Cooperation Administration, 65, 129, 188–189, 193, 215–217, 546, 607, 653n, 667n, 680, 701
• International Court of Justice, 782
• International Educational Exchange Service, 185
• International Monetary Fund, 631
• Iran, 67, 242, 259, 299, 408
• Iraq, 67, 242, 492
• Irwin, John N., II, 286, 764
• Islam, 18, 85
• Israel, 59, 411, 468, 657, 663
• Issa, Abdullahi, 613n, 617, 618–620
• Italy (see also Somalia), 54, 213, 214n, 267
  • Arms for Tunisia, possible supplier of, 680, 687, 694, 698, 700, 702, 710, 713, 720–722
• Ivory Coast, 155–156
• Jackson, C. D., 3, 331, 332
• Jackson, Sir Robert, 383
• Jacquin de Margerie, Roland, 231–232, 515
• Jaidi, Mohammed, 595
• Jamali, Mohamed Fadhil, 471
• Japan, 267
• Jebb, Sir Hubert Miles Gladwyn, 234, 241, 517, 722, 724
• Jerbi, Suleiman Bey, 428, 445
• Jernegan, John D., 1–2, 100, 105n, 477, 641
• Johnson, Charles E., 120n, 644n
• Johnson, William M., 783, 802n
• Joint Chiefs of Staff, U.S., 72, 74, 112, 131n, 135, 443n, 458n, 463–464, 482n, 483, 517, 518n, 553n
• Jones, G. Lewis, 658, 660, 663, 667, 669–671, 679–683, 685–687, 695, 732–733, 739–740, 749n, 752n, 771n, 774n
• Jones, J. Jefferson, III, 1
• Jones, John Wesley, 282n, 515
• Jones, Richard Lee, 98, 389–395, 398, 399, 402–405, 411–413
• Jooste, Gerhardus Petrus, 800–801
• Jordan, 242, 686
• Jova, J. J., 264
• Joxe, Louis, 248n, 253, 271–272, 285, 694, 748n, 749n, 752n, 764
• Joy, Charles Rhind, 186
• Joyce, Robert P., 100n
• Juin, Gen. Alphonse, 512n
• July, Pierre, 97n, 100, 221, 511
• Kalonji, Isaac, 305–309
• Karamessines, Thomas H., 538–540
• Karis, T. George, 830
• Kearns, Henry J., 212n, 378n
• Kennan, George F., 29
• Kennedy, John F., 270–271
• Kenya (see also British East Africa), 18
  • Communist and neutralist penetration, 204
  • Mau Mau insurrection, 18, 34, 18
  • Medical facilities, 206–207
  • Political situation, 188, 201–202
  • Racial problems, 34
  • Self–determination for, 34–35
  • U.S. consular representation, 191
  • U.S. educational exchange program, 185
  • U.S. information activities, 185
  • U.S. technical assistance, 185–186, 193
• Key, David McK., 5n, 6–7
• Khadduri, Majid, 418n
• Khalil, Abdullah, 63, 354–355, 633–639, 643
• Khider, Mohammed, 246n
• Khrushchev, Nikita S., 26n
• Kirkpatrick, Sir Ivone, 465–466
• Kiwan, Abderrahman, 256–258
• Knani, Abdesselam, 669
• Knight, Ridgway B., 428n, 457n, 477n, 582n
• Knowland, William F., 798, 799
• Koenig, Gen. Pierre, 89, 513
• Ku’bar, Abd al–Majid, 491n, 495n, 504–506, 508–510
• Laboulaye, François de, 180, 258, 285, 295, 297, 298, 742, 761, 764
• Lacheraf, Mustafa, 246n
• Lacoste, Robert, 233n, 240n, 242–243, 252n, 263, 273, 280, 281
• Lagdham, Bahi, 658, 659, 663, 666–670, 685–687, 707–714, 734
• Laghazoui, Mohamed, 540
• Lall, Arthur S., 158n
• Lamm, Donald W., 364n, 368, 374n, 375
• LaMont, George D., 71n, 73n, 379n, 522–524, 822–824, 826–828
• Landman, F., 31n
• Laos, 67, 299, 712
• Laraki, Mohammed, 595
• Larock, V., 319–321
• Laskey, Dennis, 721
• Latin America, 408
• Latour, Gen. Boyer de, 516
• Lay, James S., Jr., 76, 131, 133, 135, 139, 331n, 335, 357n, 490–491
• Le May, Gen. Curtis, 89
• Lebanon, 37, 67, 412
• Lee, Brig. Gen. R. V., 325n
• Leitao da Cunha, Vasco T., 832–833
• Lemaigre–Dubreuil, Jacques, 97
• Lennox–Boyd, Alan, 371
• Lewis, Sir Arthur, 383
• Lewis, Orme, 7
• Liberia, 15, 67, 69n, 223, 299, 623
  • Afro–Asian Conference (1955), 1–2
  • China, People’s Republic of, relations with, 402–405
  • Communist threat, 412
  • Economic situation, 61, 81
  • Egypt, relations with, 411–414
  • Eisenhower–Tubman correspondence, 393–394, 396–397
  • Foreign policy, 411–414
  • Ghana, relations with, 400–401, 412, 414
  • Israel, relations with, 411
  • Nixon’s visit, 61, 397–401
  • Palm oil exports, 408–409
  • Political situation, 61
  • Private investment, 401
  • Road construction, 398–399
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 81, 372
    • Diplomatic relations, establishment of, 362n, 389–391, 393n
    • Economic assistance, 390–391, 392
    • Friendship treaty, 391–392
    • Legislative actions on, 394–395, 397
    • Moscow visit by Liberians, 404–405, 411–412
    • Trade treaty, 406, 407, 410
    • U.S. position on, 363, 389–390, 394–397, 404–405, 407–408
  • Tolbert’s visit to U.S., 405–409
  • United Nations, role in, 409
  • United States, relations with, 393–394
  • U.S. economic assistance, 48–49, 82, 406
  • U.S. military assistance, 398
  • U.S. technical assistance, 406, 409
• Libya, 59, 67, 69n, 242, 247 [Page 849]
  • Algerian rebellion, position on, 468
  • Arab interests, sensitivity to, 423, 424, 455, 461–462, 487–489, 492, 494–495
  • Army, 492–493
  • Communist threat, 416, 470–471
  • Economic situation, 435, 437–438, 493, 508–510
  • Egypt, relations with, 419–420, 437, 447, 467–468, 473–474, 492
  • Eisenhower Doctrine, support for, 469–470, 477
  • Electric power project, 456–457, 474
  • Federation with North African countries, possible, 560
  • Foreign policy, 455, 467–468
  • Internal security forces, 416, 492
  • Nasser’s popularity in, 473
  • National University, 471
  • NATO membership for, proposed, 442
  • Nixon’s visit, 63–64, 467–472
  • North African University, 64
  • Oil development, 471–472, 493
  • Political situation, 437, 454, 491
  • Private investment in, 472
  • Richards Mission visit, 469, 472–479
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 363, 419, 424, 447, 455, 492
    • Diplomatic relations, 421–423, 453
    • Economic assistance, offers of, 428, 439n, 447–450, 453, 496
    • Military assistance, offer of, 457n
    • U.S. efforts to curb Soviet influence, 419–421, 424–430, 440–442, 444, 446–453, 495–496
  • Strategic importance, 63–64
  • U.K. economic assistance, 465–466, 476, 479, 483–486, 492, 493, 501, 506–507
  • U.K. military assistance, 457–458, 463–466, 480–481
  • U.K. troops in, 63, 466, 479–480, 501
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 418, 457–458
  • U.S. economic assistance, 427, 434–436, 439n
    • Conditions attached to, 448–453
    • Libyan dissatisfaction with, 429–434, 475, 495n
    • Negotiations re, 495–496, 503–504
    • Pro–Western orientation of Libya and, 430, 459–461, 473–474, 478–479, 494
    • Richards Mission recommendation, 474–479
    • Soviet influence and, 424–430, 440–442, 444, 446–453, 495–496
    • U.K. reduction in assistance, compensation for, 465–466, 476, 483–486, 493–494, 497–504, 508–510
    • U.S. offer and Libyan acceptance, 442–453
  • U.S. military assistance, 474–475
    • Force expansion, use for, 443, 457–458, 464
    • Libyan dissatisfaction with, 429–430
    • Libyan obligations to Arab League and, 487–489
    • Pro–Western orientation of Libya and, 430
    • Soviet assistance and, 419–422
    • U.K. reduction in assistance, compensation for, 480–481, 493, 494, 497, 501, 503–506
    • U.S.–U.K. joint responsibility for Libyan forces, 420, 427, 440–441, 457–458, 463–466
  • U.S. military bases:
    • Agreement on, 430, 491
    • Air–space security issue, 439–440, 444
    • Expansion of, 417, 451, 461
    • Political stability of Libya and, 415–416, 455
    • Strategic importance, 417–418, 465–466, 472–473
  • U.S. policy toward, 64, 415–419, 424–425
    • National Intelligence Estimate on, 454–455
    • NSC meeting on, 481–485
    • NSC report on, 490–495
  • U.S. technical assistance, 470, 494
• Libyan–American Joint Services (LAJAS), 470
• Libyan–American Reconstruction Commission (LARC), 427, 433, 456, 470
• Lloyd, John Selwyn, 53–56, 371–372, 479–480, 485n, 501–502, 506, 507n, 614n, 718–723, 729n, 753, 756
• Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 2, 5n, 30n, 39, 622n, 686n [Page 850]
  • Algeria, 222–223, 225–231, 234, 238n, 242, 253n, 260, 262, 284–285, 289, 290, 291n, 296n, 297–298
  • French North Africa, 117–120
  • Libya, 439–442
  • Union of South Africa, 798–799, 833–834
• Longanecker, David E., 48–52, 70n, 603
• Looram, Matthew J., Jr., 100n, 257, 282–284, 286, 291n, 297, 531n, 730n, 736n, 764
• Louw, Eric H., 787, 798–800, 801n, 833, 836
• Lucet, Charles, 159–160, 180, 228, 244, 258, 264, 285, 295, 297, 548, 673–676, 704–706, 726, 730n, 742, 761, 764
• Luthuli, Albert J., 803n
• Lwoki, Benjamin, 639
• Lyttleton, Oliver, 188n
• MacArthur, Douglas, II, 231, 531n
• McAuliffe, Eugene V., 2n
• McBride, Robert H., 100n
• McCardle, Carl W., 258
• McClelland, Roswell D., 348n, 487n
• McConaughy, Walter P., 365–368
• McCormack, John, 7
• McGrath, John B., 617–621
• McGregor, Robert Gardner, Jr., 24–30, 80n, 172, 174
• McGuire, E. Perkins, 421n, 463, 780n
• McKinnon, Robert Allen, 195
• MacLennan, Ian Morrison Ross, 382–383
• Macmillan, Harold, 58n, 106n, 223, 224, 241n, 517, 518n, 723, 741, 756n, 770n
• Macomber, William B., Jr., 53
• McSweeney, John M., 262n
• Maddox, William P., 793, 794–797, 801n, 802–803, 807–822, 829–832, 835–837
• Magsaysay, Ramón, 55
• Mahjub, Muhammed Ahmad, 63, 633–642
• Makerere College, 192, 206, 209
• Makins, Sir Roger, 106n
• Makonnen, Lidj Endalkatchew, 346
• Malvern, Lord, 210n, 211
• Mangano, Philip A., 100n
• Manning, Charles N., 208n
• Mao Tse–tung, 119
• Margerie. See Jacquin de Margerie, Roland.
• “Marshall Plan” for Africa, proposed, 28–30
• Martin, André, 285, 764
• Massigli, René, 220n, 221, 222n, 529–531, 537
• Mastiri, Ahmed, 697n
• Mau Mau insurrection, 18, 34, 187
• Mauretania, 57
• Mauritius, 203
• Maza, José, 230
• Mbadiwe, K. O., 50n
• Meeker, Leonard C., 777–778
• Melbourne, Roy M., 144n, 357n
• Mellen, Sydney L. W., 793, 808, 820n
• Mendès–France, Pierre, 88, 91, 102, 766
• Menell, S. G., 31n
• Menon, V. K. Krishna, 158, 297, 361
• Merchant, Livingston T., 23, 105n, 513–514, 517–518
• Merrow, Chester E., 775, 776, 779
• Mexico, 299
• Midkiff, Frank Elbert, 4
• Millar, Frederick Hoyer, 53
• Miner, Robert G., 779, 780n
• Mirghani, Hamza, 634n
• Missionaries in Africa, 16, 218, 789
• Mitchell, L. E., 403
• Mohallim, Omar, 612
• Mohamed V (Mohamed ben Youssef), Sultan of Morocco, 58, 91, 100, 107n, 120–121, 123, 146, 277, 293, 512, 513n, 514n, 523, 526, 532, 538–540, 545, 555–557, 560–564, 574–577, 579, 582–583, 585–594, 597, 600n
• Mokkadem, Sadok, 679–681, 685, 686n, 699, 710, 739–740
• Mollet, Guy, 117–120, 122, 126, 127, 519n, 648n, 674n
  • Algeria, 233, 238–242, 248n, 252, 254–255, 259, 273
• Molotov, Vyacheslav, 427
• Montgomery, Edward P., 262n
• Moore, Charles R., 100n
• More, Bolard, 169n
• Morgan, Maj. Gen. W. M., 325n
• Morice, André, 273, 693
• Morocco (see also French North Africa), 59, 67, 69n
  • Air defense issue, 524–525, 545, 565–566
  • Algerian rebellion:
    • Effect on Morocco, 141–142, 276–279, 556, 558, 560
    • Moroccan position on, 539, 563
    • Moroccan role in mediation, 265–266, 271–272, 274–275, 281, 284, 287–288, 291n, 293–295, 301
  • Army, 538, 561
  • Communist threat, 557, 562, 574, 575, 577
  • Dynastic question, 511–512, 513n, 514n
  • Economic situation, 123, 140, 538, 555, 558–559
  • Eisenhower Doctrine, support for, 562, 575–577
  • Faure Program of reforms, 513–514
  • Federation with North African countries, possible, 560
  • Foreign minister, appointment of, 526, 528n
  • Foreign relations, Moroccan control of, 526–530, 532, 535, 560
  • Foreign travelers, rules governing, 540
  • France, relations with, 57, 100–101, 106–107, 111, 140, 265, 517, 555, 560
    • Defense negotiations with, 531, 538, 554, 565
    • “Interdependence” issue, 125–126, 558
  • French colons in, 558
  • French disruptive efforts aimed at government, 539–540
  • French economic assistance, 278, 581–582, 90, 558–559
  • French military assistance, 530
  • French troops in, 278–279, 558, 593–594, 596
  • Independence for, 120–121, 125–126, 139–140, 522
  • International conference on, proposed, 516
  • Istiqlal Party, 555, 557, 561
  • Labor unions, 522–524
  • Nationalist rebellion, 515–516
  • Nixon’s visit, 57–58, 561–564
  • North African University, 64
  • Political situation, 91–92, 100, 111, 120–121, 538–540, 555–558, 561, 580, 588
  • Private investment in, 559
  • Pro–Western outlook, 528
  • Radar sites, 544n
  • Richards Mission visit, 574–577
  • Soviet Union, relations with, 540–541, 556, 561
  • Spanish troops in, 593–594, 596
  • Sultan’s visit to U.S., 563–564, 582–583, 585–586, 588–600
  • U.N. General Assembly actions on, 103, 121, 512, 514n
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 516, 517, 520
  • U.S. economic assistance (see also under U.S. military bases below), 58, 126, 129–135, 145–147, 278, 546–547, 559, 563, 566, 574–576, 584, 592, 593, 600–602, 653–654
  • U.S. extraterritorial rights, 121, 129, 520–521, 541–542
  • U.S. military assistance, 145, 530, 538, 585
  • U.S. military bases, 58, 89, 91, 131–132, 134
    • Algerian rebellion, relation to, 279
    • “Collective security” function, 591–592
    • Demonstrations at, 548
    • Economic assistance and, 532, 533, 547, 560, 566, 571, 577–580, 584
    • Emergency haven for French citizens, 545
    • Force levels, 122, 129
    • Foreign troops in Morocco, relation to, 593–594, 596
    • French position, 518–519
    • French use of, 544–545, 548–552
    • Independence for Morocco, implications of, 527, 529–530
    • “Interim agreement” to justify U.S. use of bases, 586, 588–589, 592–600
    • Labor unrest, 522–524
    • Moroccans informed of developments on, 519
    • Negotiations re, 135–136, 139, 145–146, 279
      • Bilateral negotiations, 539, 544–545, 552–554, 559–560, 564–569
      • Course of, 577–580
      • Franco–American agreements, impact on, 572
      • Franco–Moroccan defense agreement, relation to, 531, 538, 554, 565
      • French demands re, 572n, 573
      • French kept informed of, 570, 572
      • Joint Commission to oversee, 593
      • Moroccan agenda and strategy, 578–580
      • Nixon’s discussion with Sultan on, 562–563
      • Trilateral negotiations, proposed, 530–531, 535–536, 539, 552
      • U.S. agenda and strategy, 569–572, 574, 583–584
      • U.S. legal right to bases and, 531–534, 536, 552, 570
    • Original agreement between U.S. and France (1950), 139, 531–534, 537–538
    • Personnel ceilings, 519, 524, 525
    • Regional framework for, proposed, 583, 586–587
    • Strategic importance of, 517–518, 553n
  • U.S. policy toward, 113–114, 143–144
    • Diplomatic relations, 526, 535
    • National Intelligence Estimate on, 555–561
    • Trade with U.S., 90
    • Treaties with U.S., 146, 520, 542
  • U.S. technical assistance, 566
  • U.S.–U.K. coordination in approach to France re, 516–518
  • VOA relay bases, 146, 543, 566, 588
• Moroka, James S., 803n
• Morris, Willie, 716n, 721, 729n
• Morton, Thruston B., 8
• Moulay Hassan, Crown Prince of Morocco, 550, 557, 561, 578, 579
• Mozambique, 218
• Mulcahy, Edward, 158n
• Munoz Marín, Luis, 376–377
• Munro, Sir Leslie, 832
• Muntasser, Mahmud, 485n
• Murdock, Thomas G., 305n
• Murphy, Robert D., 4n, 6, 7n, 12n, 53, 171
  • Algeria, 264–266, 268, 286
  • Belgian Congo, 319, 322
  • Ethiopia, 327–329
  • French North Africa, 112, 116–117
  • Ghana, 369–371
  • Libya, 442–445, 457n, 463–464, 482n
  • Morocco, 518n, 531n, 542
  • Tunisia, 654, 657, 692–693, 729n, 736n, 741, 742, 768
  • Union of South Africa, 824–825
• Mutual Security Act of 1954, 443n, 488n, 489
• Nash, Frank C., 362
• Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 58–59, 69n, 354, 412, 447, 468, 473, 637–639, 663, 699, 710
• National Intelligence Estimates, 45n, 454n
  • NIE 36.5–56, June 19, 1956, 454–455
  • NIE 71.1–57, Jan. 29, 1957, 555–561
  • NIE 72–56, Aug. 14, 1956, 45–47
• National Security Council (NSC), 553n
  • Documents:
    • NSC 5428, July 23, 1954, Progress Report, 644–647
    • NSC 5436/1, Oct 18, 1954, Progress Report, 88–94, 120–130
    • NSC 5614, Sept. 17, 1956, 131–137
    • NSC 5614/1, Oct. 3, 1956, 138–143
      • Progress Report, 144–148
    • NSC 5615, Nov. 6, 1956, 331–334
    • NSC 5615/1, Nov. 19, 1956, 334–339
      • Progress Report, 357–360
    • NSC 5716/1, June 29, 1957, 490–495
    • NSC 5719/1, Aug. 23, 1957, 72–74, 75–87
  • Meetings:
    • 279th, Mar. 8, 1956, 237n
    • 298th, Sept. 27, 1956, 130–137
    • 304th, Nov. 15, 1956, 331–334
    • 321st, May 2, 1957, 481–485
    • 335th, Aug. 22, 1957, 71–74
• Naudé, W. C., 829–832
• Navy, U.S., 89
• Neggai, Abderrahman, 590
• Nepal, 67
• Nes, David G., 421–425, 431–434, 445–449
• Netherlands, 267
• New Zealand, 3n
• Newanca, L. D., 31n
• Newfel, Camille, 590
• Nieh Jung–chen, Marshal, 374n
• Nigeria:
  • Columbite exports, 604–605
  • Economic situation, 50
  • Self–determination for, 55, 56
  • U.S. assistance programs, 50, 603–604, 606–607
• Nixon, Richard M., 72–73, 228, 367, 369, 379n
  • Africa visit, report on, 57–66
  • Algeria, 293
  • Communist threat in Africa, 73
  • Ethiopia, 61–62, 339–349
  • Ghana, 60, 372–378
  • Liberia, 61, 397–401
  • Libya, 63–64, 467–472, 484
  • Morocco, 57–58, 561–564
  • Sudan, 63, 633–639
  • Tunisia, 57–58, 660–663
• Nkomo, William, 31n
• Nkrumah, Kwame, 36–37, 60, 69, 364, 368, 370–372, 373n, 374n, 375–378, 380–386, 400, 401
• Noon, John Alfred, 8–9
• Norland, Donald R., 256, 697
• North African University, 64, 471
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 29, 120, 220, 418, 442
• Nunley, W. T., 172
• Nur, Abdi, 613n
• Nyerere, Julius, 197–199
• O’Connor, Roderic L., 13n
• Olympio, Sylvanus, 172, 173, 181
• Operations Coordinating Board (OCB), 338n
  • Ethiopia, report on, 357–360
  • French North Africa, reports on, 88–94, 120–130, 144–148
  • Sudan, report on, 644–647
• Oppenheimer, Harry, 31n
• Organization of American States, 408
• Osman, Mohammed Schek, 612
• Oulashin, Eric, 825n
• Padmore, George A., 397, 405, 407, 410, 414
• Pakistan, 67, 242
• Palewski, M. Gaston, 89
• Palm oil, 408–409
• Palmer, Joseph, II, 178n, 268n, 286, 297, 300–302, 344, 347–348, 373n, 375, 399, 407, 410n, 413–414, 457n, 459, 463n, 471, 479n, 485n, 501, 540n, 542–543, 546n, 549n, 552n, 589n, 590, 595, 596n, 602n, 603–605, 610–612, 615n, 633, 658–659, 660, 663, 683n, 692n, 697–701, 714, 716, 718n, 721, 722, 726, 729n, 732–735, 742, 749n, 757–758, 762, 764, 803, 826, 835
• Paraguay, 227
• Parker, M. L., 603
• Parry, H. N., 215n
• Pastore, John O., 778
• Paton, Alan, 785–786
• Pella, Giuseppe, 702, 713, 716, 721
• Peru, 242
• Philippines, 55–56, 228, 299, 712
• Phillips, Christopher H., 43–44
• Phleger, Herman, 53, 534
• Pinay, Antoine, 89, 219, 220, 222–224, 226–229, 513–514, 517n, 518
• Pineau, Christian R.:
  • Algeria, 233, 243, 248n, 249, 252–254, 258–261, 270, 273, 284, 285, 286–288, 295–298
  • Morocco, 535–536, 537n, 564
  • Tunisia, 688, 692, 693–694, 696, 702–703, 706, 708, 714, 718, 720, 726–727, 736, 744, 746, 749n, 752, 757–758, 764–770
• Pinkerton, Lowell C., 627, 629n, 632n, 633, 639, 643
• Pitt–Hardacre, C., 423, 475, 495
• Plessis, W.C. du, 824–825
• Pleven, René, 702
• Poland, 373
• Porter, William J., 100, 104n, 515, 528–529, 537n, 545n, 582n, 692n, 696n, 707, 718n, 734, 735, 736n, 749n, 761
• Portugal, 214, 783
• Potekhin, I. Irutt, 387
• Price, Melvin, 326n
• Puerto Rico, 376
• Purse, Victor, 405
• Quarles, Donald A., 53
• Racial problems in Africa (see also Racial policies under Union of South Africa), 32–36, 80
• Radford, Adm. Arthur W., 132, 238, 333, 553n
• al–Rahman, Ali Abd, 639, 643n
• Ramadier, Paul, 648–649
• Ramjee, B. B., 31n
• Randall, Clarence H., 406n
• Reinhardt, G. Frederick, 286, 764
• Reynolds Aluminum Company, 383, 385
• Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of:
  • Afro–Asian Conference (1955), 1
  • Economic situation, 51
  • Racial partnership policy, 211–214, 216–217
  • Racial problems, 32–34
  • Strategic materials for U.S., 47
  • United States, diplomatic relations with, 210–214
  • U.S. economic assistance, 51–52
  • U.S. technical assistance, 22–23, 215–217
• Ribadu, Mohammadu, 603–605, 606
• Richards, James P., 8, 443n, 714
  • Ethiopia visit, 350–357
  • Libya visit, 469, 472–479
  • Morocco visit, 574–577
  • Richards Mission, assignment of, 52
  • Sudan visit, 639–643
  • Tunisia visit, 664–670
• Robertson, Sir James, 606–607
• Robertson, Reuben B., Jr., 132
• Roosevelt, Franklin D., 539
• Root, John Frick, 427n
• Rose, François de, 285, 764
• Ross, J. B., 215n
• Ross, Robert W., 410n, 414n, 603
• Rountree, William M., 53, 70–71, 115n, 201, 212n, 268–269, 276–279, 329n, 463n, 487–489, 549n, 564–567, 590, 595–600, 615n, 658n, 671–673, 690, 697, 716, 718–720, 743, 801, 802, 825n
• Royal Technical College, 185, 192, 206
• Ruanda–Urundi, 6, 40, 42, 44
• Rumania, 373
• Ryckmans, Pierre, 4
• al–Sahili, Ali, 436
• Salan, Gen. Raoul, 254n
• Salim, Maj. Saleh, 625
• Saud ibn Abd al–Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia, 469, 562
• Saudi Arabia, 67, 242, 352, 368, 469, 580
• Savary, Alain, 524–527, 529, 546n, 648, 649, 653
• Scheyven, Louis, 311
• Scott, Sir Robert, 3
• Sears, Mason, 3, 5–9, 39–43, 158n, 160, 174n, 210–212, 373n
• Seddik, Majoub ben, 522n, 523
• Selby, Richard Roy, Jr., 2n
• Self–determination for dependent areas (see also under specific countries and areas):
  • Belgian position, 41
  • Complexity of achieving, 79
  • Conflicts arising from demands for, 45–47
  • European Monroe Doctrine for Africa, proposed, 164–165, 178–179
  • Neutrality of new states, 46–47
  • Political and economic problems accompanying, 46
  • Premature self–government, dangers of, 196
  • Preparedness of countries for self–government, 9–12, 196, 198–199
  • Timetables for, 2–7, 40–44
  • U.K. position, 40–43, 55
  • U.N. General Asembly resolution on, 44
  • U.S. policy, 2–12, 24–30, 40–44, 55–56, 65, 78–80
• Seydoux de Clausonne, Roger, 648–649, 650n
• Shalhi, Buseiri, 451
• Shaw, John P., 299n
• Shuckburgh, Charles Arthur Evelyn, 112, 115n
• Siekman, Philip, 379n
• Silvercruys, Baron, 4n, 319
• Simons, Thomas W., 389n
• Simonson, Joseph, 329, 330, 332n, 344, 346, 350n, 353, 357
• Simpson, Clarence L., 406n
• Simpson, R. Smith, 218
• Sisco, Joseph J., 297, 298, 775–777, 778
• Slim, Mongi, 300–302, 654, 656, 660, 663, 671, 679, 686, 690–691, 697–701, 707, 709, 732–735, 762n
• Smith, D. I., 215n
• Smith, Edwin L., 504
• Smith, Gerald, 264
• Smith, James H., Jr., 601, 602n
• Smith, L. M., 793
• Snyder, C. K., 808
• Somalia, 54–55, 86–87, 203
  • Border crossing problem, 619
  • British Commonwealth, possible membership in, 618–619
  • Economic development, 618
  • Elections, 617
  • Ethiopia:
    • Border dispute with, 337, 341–343, 346–348, 354, 608–612, 614–615, 619, 621–623
    • Federation with, possible, 618
  • Independence issue, 613–616, 619–621
  • Italian economic assistance, 615, 619–620
  • Italian role after independence, 616
  • U.K. policy toward, 346–348
  • U.S. consular representation, 612–613
  • U.S. economic assistance, 613, 614, 619–620
  • U.S. military assistance, 620
• Soustelle, Jacques, 110, 702, 766
• South Africa. See Union of South Africa.
• South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC), 813
• South West Africa, 805, 828, 830, 832–833
• Soviet Union (see also Communist threat in Africa), 18, 26, 36, 712
  • Algeria, interest in, 141
  • British East Africa and, 204
  • Diplomatic offensive in Africa, 364–365, 372–373
  • Egypt, relations with, 637, 780
  • France, relations with, 224
  • French North Africa, interest in, 108, 515
  • Ghana, relations with, 54, 81, 362–364, 381–383
  • Influence in African states, 81
  • Latin America, interest in, 408
  • Liberia, relations with. See under Liberia.
  • Libya, relations with. See under Libya.
  • Morocco, relations with, 540–541, 556, 561
  • U.N. strategy, 223
• Spaak, Paul–Henri, 28n, 222, 311
• Spain, 103, 132, 560, 580, 593–594, 596, 710, 713
• Spencer, John, 351n, 610
• Sprague, Mansfield D., 596n
• Sprouse, Philip D., 309–312, 314, 316–317
• Staats, Elmer B., 88n, 144n
• Stackhouse, Heywood H., 508–510
• Stalin, Iosif V., 56
• Stassen, Harold E., 134
• Steere, Loyd V., 33n, 210n, 211, 212, 214n
• Stellenbosch University, 813
• Stephen, Henry H., 318, 323
• Stevenson, Adlai, 286, 383, 799, 825
• Stewart, Gordon M., 538
• Stobart, Patrick Desmond, 504, 509
• Stokes, William N., 588n
• Streibert, Theodore C., 9
• Strijdom, Johannes Gerhardus, 31n, 787, 798, 800, 801
• Strong, Curtis C., 215–217
• Sub–Saharan Africa. See Africa South of the Sahara.
• Sudan, 59, 67, 69n, 267, 623
  • Communist countries, relations with, 629
  • Communist threat, 636–637, 643, 644, 646
  • Economic situation, 631, 633–634, 638, 645
  • Egypt, relations with, 624–625, 627–629, 637–638, 644–645
  • Eisenhower Doctrine, position on, 634–635, 639–643, 647
  • Ethiopia, relations with, 354–355, 638, 646
  • Independence for, 624–627
  • Internal security, 646
  • Labor unions, 646
  • Nile waters issue, 624–626, 629, 638
  • Nixon’s visit, 63, 633–639
  • North African orientation, 86–87
  • Political situation, 63
  • Private investment in, 645
  • Richards Mission visit, 639–643
  • Strategic importance, 643, 645–646
  • U.N. membership for, 628
  • U.S. economic assistance, 626, 628–631, 633–634, 639–643
  • U.S. education exchange program, 632
  • U.S. food grants, 631
  • U.S. information programs, 626, 646
  • U.S. military assistance, 628–630, 635
  • U.S. policy toward, 63, 625–632
    • OCB report on, 644–647
    • Trade with, 636
  • U.S. technical assistance, 625, 626, 645
• Sutherland, Bill, 378–379, 380
• Sweden, 267, 299, 336, 720
• Switzerland, 710, 713
• Syria, 37, 67, 242, 361, 368, 371–372, 412, 685
• Talbott, Harold E., 451
• Tanganyika (see also British East Africa), 6
  • Colonial history, 197–198
  • Communist threat, 204
  • Economic situation, 199, 200
  • Educational system, 198, 200
  • Political situation, 203
  • Self–determination for, 40–42, 44, 184, 195–200
  • U.S. educational exchange program, 185
• Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), 197
• Tangier, Committee of Control in, 515
• Tangier Declaration and Protocol (1956), 542–543
• Tappin, John L., 247n, 415–419, 420n, 423, 426n, 428–430, 433–434, 435n, 436–438, 442, 445–452, 456–457, 459–462, 470, 477–479, 495–496, 498n, 499–501, 503n, 504–506, 507n, 508
• Taylor, Gen. Maxwell, 458n
• Taylor, Paul, 325–327
• Technical assistance programs, U.S. (see also U.S. technical assistance under specific countries), 22–23
• Technical Cooperation Administration, 48
• Tela, A. S., 31n
• Tema, S. S., 31n
• Tewfik, Hammad, 643n
• Thailand, 67, 242
• Thompson, C. H., 215n
• Timmons, Benson E. L., III, 100n, 286, 764
• Todd, R. S. Garfield, 23, 32, 211
• Todman, Terence, 210
• Togoland. See British Togoland; French Togoland.
• Tolbert, Frank, 403
• Tolbert, William R., Jr., 401, 405–409
• Tomlinson, F. R., 31n
• Torbert, Horace G., Jr., 282, 704, 706–707, 714n, 716, 723, 730n
• Trade, U.S.–Africa (see also under specific countries), 15, 16, 77
• Treasury, U.S. Department of, 132
• Treaties, conventions, agreements, etc.:
  • Anglo–French Agreement for the Re–Establishment of the International Administration of Tangier (1945), 543
  • Baghdad Pact (1955), 780
  • British Treaty of Friendship and Alliance with Libya (1953), 418
  • Convention Regarding the Organization of the Statute of the Tangier Zone (1923), 543
  • Tangier Declaration and Protocol (1956), 542–543
  • Treaty of Fez (1912), 114
  • Treaty of Peace and Friendship, U.S.–Morocco (1787), 542 Tropical Africa. See Africa South of the Sahara.
• Tubman, William V. S., 61, 389–405, 407, 411–414
• Tunisia (see also French North Africa), 59, 69n
  • Algeria, alleged arms shipments to, 679, 687, 692–693, 708
  • Algerian rebellion:
    • Effect on Tunisia, 141–142, 276–279, 662
    • Tunisian position, 657, 661–662, 665, 675–676, 678, 679, 708–709
    • Tunisian role in mediation, 265–266, 271–272, 274–275, 281, 284, 287–288, 291n, 293–295, 301
  • Arms for internal security:
    • Algerians supplied with arms, concerns re, 687, 692–693, 695, 698–699, 703, 725, 740–741, 767, 768
    • Economic assistance funds used to purchase, 667, 669–671
    • Egypt as supplier of, 698, 699, 710, 749n, 752–758, 762–763, 765–769
    • Eisenhower’s assessment of events, 758–761
    • France as possible supplier of, 702–706, 713, 720, 734, 737, 740–741, 746–758, 765
    • France’s failure to provide, 680, 681, 684
    • Independence of Tunisia and, 681–682, 685–686, 709–710
    • Press reports on, 693–694, 696, 702
    • Pro–Western orientation of Tunisia and, 683n, 687–689, 696
    • Soviet Union as possible supplier of, 680, 682–684, 686, 689, 696, 710, 717
    • Tunisian request to U.S. for, 679–682, 685–687
    • Tunisia’s need for, 679–681, 687, 690–691, 700
    • Tunisia’s right to, 716–717, 728
    • Types required, 714, 734–735
    • U.S.–French communications on, 688–689, 692–693, 696, 702–706, 714–715
    • U.S.–French relations, impact on, 740–741, 746–748
    • U.S.–French review of events, 764–770
    • U.S. grant funds for, 771n
    • U.S. policy on, 658–659, 682–684, 690–691, 694–695, 697–698, 704–705, 713–715, 770–771
    • U.S. study on requirements re, 680, 682, 701, 734, 771
    • U.S.–U.K. joint plan of action, 716–729
    • U.S.–U.K. “token” delivery of arms, 729–758, 760–763, 765
    • Western allies as possible suppliers of, 680, 686–687, 692–695, 698, 700–702, 706, 710–711, 713–716, 720–722, 731n
  • Bourguiba’s visit to U.S., 656–658
  • Colonialism, policy on, 664–665
  • Communications and transportation equipment from U.S., 667, 669–671, 701, 714, 771n
  • Communist threat, 664, 666, 670, 712
  • Democracy, commitment to, 660–661
  • Economic situation, 123, 127, 140, 668
  • Eisenhower Doctrine, support for, 661, 664
  • Federation with North African countries, possible, 560
  • Foreign relations, Tunisian control of, 651–652
  • France, policy toward, 57, 707–708
  • Franco–Tunisian clashes, 678, 679–681
  • French economic assistance, 90, 265, 278, 671–679
  • French military bases, 703, 709, 759
  • French “special interests” in, 301
  • French troops in, 278–279
  • Independence for, 91, 103, 110, 121, 127, 139, 650
    • French presence following, 140
  • Israel, policy toward, 657, 663
  • Nixon’s visit, 57–58, 660–663
  • North African University, 64
  • Political situation, 91, 121, 127
  • Republic, establishment of, 679
  • Richards Mission visit, 664–670
  • U.N. Security Council actions on, possible, 686n, 691
  • United States, relations with, 660–661
  • U.S. assistance programs, 648
  • U.S. diplomatic relations with, 535, 651–652
  • U.S. economic assistance, 58, 129–132, 146–147, 653–656, 658, 662–664, 666–674
  • U.S. food grants, 648–649, 653n, 656
  • U.S.–French Heads of State meeting re, 772–774
  • U.S. offices, attacks on, 118, 122, 649–650
  • U.S. policy toward, 107, 114, 143–144
• Tunner, Gen., 428n, 451, 477n
• Turkey, 299, 409, 492, 710
• Twe Sung, 390
• Twining, Gen. Nathan F., 72, 74n, 89
• Tyler, William R., 98–99, 157, 171, 248–249, 258, 270, 271, 280–281, 566n, 651, 673–676, 690, 697n
• Uganda (see also British East Africa), 55
  • Communist threat, 204
  • Education in, 208–209
  • Political situation, 202–203
  • Self–determination for, 208–209
  • U.S. consular representation, 184, 190–191
  • U.S. information activities, 185
  • U.S. policy toward, 208–209
  • U.S. technical assistance, 193
• Umar, Yassin, 643n
• UNICEF, 194
• Union Générale des Syndicats Algériens (UGSA), 257
• Union Générale des Travailleurs Algériens (UGTA), 257
• Union Morocaine du Travail (UMT), 522–524, 551n, 557
• Union of South Africa (see also South West Africa), 18, 87
  • Afrikaners, 31, 795
  • Apartheid. See Racial policies below.
  • Black nationalism, 822
  • British Commonwealth, membership in, 791–792
  • Communist threat, 81
  • Defense issues, 779–784
  • Dutch Reformed Church, 792, 795, 811
  • Economic situation, 51, 81
  • Foreign policy, 787
  • Living standards, problem of, 812–813
  • Missionaries in, 789
  • Non–Europeans:
    • “Elites” among, 808, 811–812
    • Territorial autonomy for, 835–836
    • U.S. contacts with, 792–793, 795–796, 803
  • Press reports on, 785–786, 825
  • Private investment in, 788
  • Racial policies, 30–32
    • Domestic attitude, 792, 813
    • Group Areas Act, 775
    • Rationale for, 785–786, 799, 831
    • U.N. General Assembly actions on, 775–777, 787, 790, 805–806, 819–820, 833–834
    • U.S. efforts to change, 39, 787–788, 790, 792–793, 796–797, 801–803, 805
      • Embassy study group recommendations, 810–815, 817–823, 827–828, 831–832
    • U.S. officials’ comments on, 824–825, 830–831
    • U.S. support of, indirect, 38–39
  • Soil depletion, 31–32
  • Strategic importance, 807
  • Trade sanctions against, 39
  • U.N. General Assembly actions on, 787, 790
    • Commission to oversee South African situation, 775–777, 779n
    • Competence to address South African situation, 776–778, 798
    • South African attitude toward, 798–799
    • on treatment of Indians, 805–806
    • U.S. strategy, 775–779, 803–806, 833–837
  • United Nations, reduced participation in, 798–801, 828–829, 830, 836–837
  • Uranium and mineral production, 788–789, 791
  • U.S. educational exchange program, 796
  • U.S. Fourth of July celebrations, 39–40
  • U.S. information programs, 795–796, 809, 815, 827
  • U.S. officials, visits by, 824–825
  • U.S. policy toward, 789–790
    • Agreements with, 788
    • Embassy study on, 807–828
    • Trade with, 795
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See Soviet Union.
• Union Syndical des Bases Americans (USBA), 522n, 523
• Union Syndical des Travailleurs Algériens (USTA), 257
• United Arab Republic. See Egypt.
• United Kingdom (see also British East Africa; Libya; Rhodesia and Nyasaland, Federation of), 3, 242, 267, 623
  • Afro–Asian Conference (1955), 1–2
  • Algeria, policy toward, 114–115, 232, 296
  • British Togoland, 36–37, 362
  • British West Africa, 36–37, 47
  • Colombo Plan for Africa, 70–71
  • Commonwealth, development of, 656–657
  • Communist threat in Africa, position on, 53–54, 56
  • Economic assistance to African nations, 49, 82
  • Egypt, relations with, 638
  • Ethiopia, relations with, 54, 336, 345, 347
  • Foreign policy reappraisal, 465–466
  • French North Africa and, 104, 106, 112–115
  • Ghana and, 361, 365–367, 369–372, 385
  • Morocco and, 516, 517, 520
  • Self–determination for dependent areas, position on, 40–43, 55
  • Somalia and, 346–348
  • Sudan and, 624, 627, 644n
  • Tunisia, arms for, 716–723, 729–733, 736, 752–754, 756
  • Union of South Africa and, 779n, 783
• United Nations Charter, 184, 591–592
• United Nations General Assembly (see also U.N. General Assembly subheadings under specific countries):
  • Afro–Asian group, 66–68
  • Nyerere’s address to, 199n
  • Resolutions:
    • 392 (V), Dec. 15, 1950, re Somalia–Ethiopia border dispute, 608n, 609
    • 854 (IX), Dec. 14, 1954, re Somalia–Ethiopia border dispute, 608
    • 860 (IX), Dec. 14, 1954, re Ghana, 361
    • 909 (X), Nov. 25, 1955, re Algeria, 232n
    • 911 (X), Dec. 3, 1955, re Morocco, 107n
    • 917 (X), Dec. 6, 1955, re South Africa, 779n
    • 934 (X), Dec. 3, 1955, re South West Africa, 782
    • 940 (X), Dec. 3, 1955, re South West Africa, 782
    • 942 (X), Dec. 3, 1955, re South West Africa, 782
    • 944 (X), Dec. 15, 1955, re Ghana, 361
    • 947 (X), Dec. 17, 1955, re Somalia–Ethiopia border dispute, 610n
    • 1012 (XI), Feb. 1957, re Algeria, 261–262
    • 1015 (XI), Jan. 30, 1957, re Union of South Africa, 806
    • 1044 (XI), Dec. 13, 1956 re Ghana, 362
    • 1046 (XI), Jan. 23, 1957, re French Togoland, 67, 169–174
    • 1047 (XI), Jan. 23, 1957, re South West Africa, 805
    • 1054 (XI), Feb. 26, 1957, re South West Africa, 805
    • 1059 (XI), Feb. 26, 1957, re South West Africa, 805
    • 1064 (XI), Feb. 26, 1957, re self–determination for dependent areas, 44
    • 1065 (XI), Feb. 26, 1957, re Tanganyika, 199n
    • 1068 (XI), Feb. 26, 1957, re Somalia–Ethiopia border dispute, 343, 610n
    • 1143 (XII), Oct. 25, 1957, re South West Africa, 832
    • 1178 (XII), Nov. 26, 1957, re Union of South Africa, 834n
    • 1182 (XII), Nov. 29, 1957, re French Togoland, 180–182
    • 1184 (XII), Dec. 10, 1957, re Algeria, 301n
    • 1213 (XII), Dec. 13, 1957, re Somalia–Ethiopia border dispute, 623
• United Nations Security Council:
  • Algeria, actions on, 242
  • Tunisia, possible actions on, 686n, 691
• United Nations Trusteeship Council, 8, 40
  • Resolutions:
    • 1084 (VX), Mar. 14, 1955, re Ghana, 361
    • 1257 (XVI), July 21, 1955, re Somalia–Ethiopia border dispute, 608n
    • 1496 (XVIII), July 31, 1956, re Ghana, 361
    • 1499 (XVIII), Aug. 9, 1956, re French Togoland, 157–160
    • French Togoland resolution of 1957, 165–174
• United Nations Visiting Mission to East Africa, 2–6
• United States Information Agency (USIA), 8–9, 90, 94, 104, 118, 122, 185, 192, 304, 543, 626, 809, 815
• United States Information Service (USIS), 123, 185, 191, 304, 310–312, 317–318, 795, 809, 815
• University of South Africa, 813
• Upton, Robert W., 393, 396
• Urrutia, Francisco, 230n
• Uruguay, 223
• Valluy, Gen. Jean, 120n, 239
• Van Eeden, Guillaume François Marais, 33n
• Vasey, Ernest A., 185
• Verwoerd, Hendrik Frensch, 811, 818
• Villiers, J. P. de, 779
• Vimont, Jacques, 1–2, 157, 171, 270, 271, 651, 678n
• Vinci, Piero, 616n
• Vinogradov, Sergei A., 119
• Voice of America (VOA), 146, 543, 566, 588
• Voikov, A. P., 363n, 390n, 391–393, 395
• Volta River Project, 49–50, 60, 376, 378n, 379n, 383–385
• Wailes, Edward T., 31n, 40, 783, 788, 791–793
• Wainhouse, David W., 231–232
• Wallner, Woodruff, 428n, 457n, 477n
• Walmsley, Walter N., Jr., 80n, 286, 764, 828n, 833
• Ware, Robert L., Jr., 195–200
• Warren, Avra M., 476
• Watson, Adam, 479n
• Welensky, Sir Roy, 33, 211, 214n
• Wellborn, Alfred T., 577–580
• Wellons, Alfred, 608n
• Wells, Herman, 623
• West, George L., Jr., 513n
• Westinghouse International, 456
• White, Lincoln, 706
• Whitehead, Sir Edgar, 211n
• Whitney, John Hay, 53
• Wight, William L., Jr., 793, 808
• Wilcox, Francis O., 8, 40, 66, 157–160, 173, 174, 244, 258, 295, 297–298, 439n
• Wilkins, Fraser, 53, 258, 479n
• Wilson, Charles E., 332, 333, 348, 419, 443n, 482n, 484, 553n, 780n
• Wilson, James, 595
• Withers, Charles D., 4n
• Witman, William, 612, 614–615, 688n
• Wolde, Tsahafe Tezaz Tafarra Worq Kidane, 344
• World Health Organization, 194
• Xuma, A. B., 31n, 803n
• Yassein, Mohammed Osman, 646n
• Yates, Sam L., 319n
• Yazid, M’hammed, 246, 284–285
• Yemen, 67, 242
• Yifru, Ato Ketema, 351n
• Yost, Charles W., 565n, 566n, 702, 706, 749n
• Yugoslavia, 242, 336
• Zallaka, Ato Gashaou, 351n
• Zanzibar, 203
• Zarroug, Mubarak, 628, 629n
• Zeineddine, Farid, 268n
• Zellerbach, James D., 616n