Index

• Abbott, Douglas C., 801– 802, 820, 832– 833
• Acheson, Dean G.:
  • British financial crisis, 654– 655, 787, 790– 793, 795– 799, 801– 803, 806n , 820, 826n , 832– 839, 841n , 845, 847– 848, 850
  • Council of Europe, 317– 318
  • European Recovery Program, 238, 374, 378, 380, 382– 383, 391, 394– 395, 399, 409, 411, 412n , 415, 421– 468 passim, 714
  • France: Economic and political situation, 633, 635, 646, 651, 661, 668, 689; U.S. policy, 626, 642, 656, 660– 661, 663– 665
  • German question, 442n , 447n
  • Iceland, U.S. and North Atlantic security interests in, 314n
  • Italian colonies, disposition of former, 528, 530, 534– 538, 551– 552, 554, 556– 557, 562, 564, 569, 571, 579– 586, 591– 602, 604– 607, 610
  • Italian relations with Yugoslavia, 503
  • Labor movement in Italy, U.S. interest in the formation of non-Communist, 704, 711
  • Meeting of U.S. ambassadors at Paris, 469– 472, 478, 496
  • North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 41– 44, 46– 48, 50– 51, 60– 68, 73– 74, 76– 77, 81– 89, 91, 93, 102– 110, 114– 145 passim, 151– 179 passim, 185– 187, 189– 194, 201– 203, 205, 209– 214, 217– 222, 224, 233– 237, 239, 242– 244, 248, 253– 255, 261– 297 passim, 307– 309, 318– 329, 345– 346, 350– 353, 362– 366
  • Secretary of State, appointment as, 4n
  • Sovereignty in Western Europe, question of merger of, 472
  • Soviet atom bomb, 473n
  • Spanish question, 723– 749 passim, 753– 754, 756, 758– 759, 762– 763, 766, 768
  • Trieste question, 497– 525 passim
  • U.S. military assistance program, 48, 112, 136, 146, 165, 183– 184, 194– 197, 224, 229, 248, 250– 251, 258– 261, 267– 269, 288, 294– 301, 304– 305, 310, 341, 351– 352, 360– 362, 364– 365, 660– 661, 670– 671, 681
  • Western European Union, 44– 45, 48, 53, 60, 64, 101, 106– 107, 110– 113, 310– 311, 339, 342, 344– 346, 348– 349, 371
• Achilles, Theodore C., 1, 23– 24, 69, 107– 108, 113, 121, 135n , 198, 255, 267, 271, 291, 311, 325– 326, 328, 356, 434n , 504, 522n , 583– 584, 666n , 758, 763– 765, 849n
• Adenauer, Konrad, 487
• Afanasyev, Sergey Alekseyevich, 53, 91
• Afghanistan, 560– 561
• Africa, 451, 528, 549, 584, 605, 717, 832
• Agriculture, (U.S.) Department of, 832
• Airey, Gen. Terence, 500– 507
• Aklilou, Abte Wold, 588
• Ala, Hussein, 62n
• Alaska, 5, 14, 194, 205
• Alessandrini, Adolfo, 580
• Alexander, Albert V., 138– 139, 358
• Algeria (see also under NATO ), 541
• Allen, George V., 725– 726
• Alphand, Hervé 410, 654, 667, 677n
• Alsop, Joseph W., Jr., 338n , 666
• Alsop, Stewart J. O., 338n , 666
• American Federation of Labor (A.F. of L.), 707, 710– 711
• American Republics (see also Latin American subheadings under Italian colonies, etc., and Spain), 158, 172– 173; 185, 207– 208, 731, 733, 738
• Anderson, Hans, 202– 203, 225, 271
• Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 542– 543, 553, 555, 575, 582, 585, 596– 597, 602
• Angola, 716– 717
• Ansiaux, Hubert, 385– 387, 395n
• Antonini, Luigi, 705
• Arab states (see also under Italian colonies, etc.; Cyrenaica, Libya, and Tripolitania), 733
• Arce, José, 723– 724
• Argentina, 560, 589, 723, 729, 836
• Army, (U.S.) Department of the, 294, 505
• Atherton, Ray, 743
• Atomic energy, U.S. development of, 617
• Atomic weapons: Soviet production of, 429, 473– 475, 477, 480, 761; stockpiling of bombs, 263; utilization of, 263, 357, 363– 364, 776
• Attlee, Clement R., 138, 452n , 465, 790, 801, 840– 841
• Austin, Warren R., 237, 497, 551, 586– 588, 591, 593, 602– 605, 737– 739
• Australia, 290, 560, 606, 724, 784, 809, 814
• Austria, 241, 378– 379, 386, 397, 616, 773
• Austrian peace treaty, 499– 500, 508
• Azores: Strategic importance of, 313; U.S. military facilities in, 201, 238n , 239, 242– 243; utilization during World War II, 275; war fears, 292
• Baldanzi, George, 705
• Baldwin, Charles F., 500– 502, 504, 511– 514, 515n
• Bang-Jensen, Povl, 1– 3, 198, 206, 210, 271
• Bao Dai, 495– 496
• Baraibar, Gérman, 753– 754
• Barbour, Walworth, 504
• Barclay, Roderick E., 271, 325, 758
• Bartlett, Frederic P., 59
• Baruch, Herman B., 163, 165– 166, 178– 179, 225, 233, 258, 303– 304, 635
• Barzani, Mustafa, 235
• Baumgartner, Wilfrid, 643, 680
• Bay, C. Ulrick, 6– 7, 34– 36, 51, 60– 62, 91– 94, 121– 122, 145– 146, 303– 304
• Beam, Jacob D., 265, 267
• Bear Island, strategic importance of, 98, 100
• Bebler, Aleš 517, 519, 521– 525
• Bech, Joseph, 271, 285, 306
• Bech-Friis, Johan H., 36n , 37
• Belgian Congo, 14, 43, 617
• Belgium (see also Belgian Congo and Benelux and under NATO , OEEC , Spain, and Western European Union):
  • Agreements with the United States: American dead in World War II, Jan. 17 and 31, 617; surplus property settlement, May 12, 617
  • Dollar transfers from the United Kingdom, 809
  • Economic and commercial negotiations with France, Italy, and the Netherlands, 656– 658, 666
  • Italian colonies, disposition of former, 560
  • Political situation, 409, 411– 412, 415– 416, 425, 431, 436, 447
  • U.S. export controls program, 476n , 480n
• Bell, Harry H., 831
• Benediktsson, Bjarni, 22, 68, 84, 202– 206, 225– 229, 233n , 236– 237, 248, 271, 285, 314
• Benelux (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg): Belgian credits to, 406; ECA aid for, 238; exchange convertibility with France and Italy, proposed, 349, 419, 423, 490– 491; meeting, 238; progress, 458; U.S. export controls program, 483; U.S. policy 343, 666
• Bérard, Armand, 4, 271, 291
• Berkner, Lloyd V., 830
• Berlin: ECA assistance for western sectors of, question of, 487; inclusion of western sectors in the Federal Republic of Germany, question of, 486– 487; U.S. policy, 473, 486
• Berlin blockade by the Soviet Union, 94, 481, 485, 808; U.S. airlift, 162, 481, 486
• Bermuda, 158– 159
• Berthoud, Eric A., 442
• Bevin, Ernest: Anglo-American-Canadian financial talks, 655; British financial crisis, 790– 793, 795– 796, 800, 805– 806, 832, 842; Council of Europe, 418, 443; European Recovery Program, 137, 349, 371– 372, 416, 418, 425– 456 passim, 465; German question, 447n ; Indonesian question, 260; Italian colonies, disposition of former, 526– 529, 536– 538, 545, 552– 554, 556– 557, 559– 560, 562, 565, 567n , 584, 593, 596– 601, 603– 604, 606, 610; North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 44, 48, 159, 209– 210, 270– 271, 273, 275, 278, 280, 285, 307, 317, 322, 325– 326, 339; Scandinavian union, attitude toward, 71; security of Greece, Turkey, and Iran, 175– 177; Spanish question, 723– 724, 730, 734, 758– 759; Trieste question, 519; U.S. military assistance program, 136– 137, 147, 163, 165– 166, 178– 179, 183, 224– 225, 229– 232, 245, 247, 310, 365; Western European Union, 42, 44– 45, 290, 306– 307, 310– 311, 339, 346– 348, 372, 433
• Bidault, Georges, 677, 678n , 680
• Bigart, Homer, 752
• BillOtte, Gen. Pierre, 294– 295
• Bingham, George B., 443, 444n , 464, 647– 653, 671– 673, 675, 677n , 678– 680, 686– 689
• Bissell, Richard M., 377– 580, 383, 408, 412– 418, 471, 643, 688, 806n
• Blackley, Travers Robert, 528, 567
• Blaine, James G., 258
• Blanco, Carrero, 755
• Bliss, Don G., 59, 806n
• Blum, Robert, 677
• Boheman, Erik C., 27, 37, 63, 89– 90
• Bohlen, Charles E., 3– 5, 48n , 64, 66, 68– 73, 79, 83, 102n , 105, 108– 109, 113– 115, 193, 198– 206, 210, 225, 227, 255– 257, 271, 291, 472, 478– 479, 482, 493, 681– 682, 725– 727, 740– 742
• Bolivia, 560, 742, 749
• Bonbright, James C. H., 320, 721
• Bonesteel, Charles H., 3d, 15– 16, 58, 136, 184, 244– 245, 305, 472, 482– 483, 491
• Bonnet, Henri, 3– 5, 29, 31– 34, 76– 77, 83– 87, 107– 108, 120– 121, 123– 125, 127, 129– 135, 151– 152, 155– 156, 159– 161, 167, 169, 171– 173, 185– 188, 192, 214– 215, 219– 222, 245n , 265, 271, 285, 307, 309, 318, 338– 339, 475, 654, 663– 666
• Bonsal, Philip W., 136, 165, 178, 244, 375, 408, 454– 455
• Bouzanquet, 668– 669
• Boyd, John Gordon, 519– 520
• Bradley, Gen. Omar N., 294, 308, 357– 358
• Bray, William H., 830– 832
• Brazil, 560, 606, 733, 742, 747, 749, 757
• Bream, Gray, 198, 206, 225
• Brewster, Owen, 259, 269
• British Commonwealth, 90, 158, 168, 173, 185, 338– 340, 347– 350, 364, 371, 392, 433, 437– 438, 469, 471, 484, 491, 493, 664, 724, 730– 731, 790– 817 passim, 829 854
• British Empire, 437, 485, 493, 815
• Brittain, Sir Henry, 57
• Bromley, T. E., 210– 211
• Brooks, James R., 650
• Brace, David K. E., 56, 303– 304, 306, 342– 344, 431, 437, 442– 443, 464, 472, 474n , 479, 491, 494– 496, 512n , 630, 637– 638, 641– 643, 645– 646, 649, 651– 652, 661– 670, 677– 678, 680– 682, 689– 691
• Bruce, Howard, 388
• Brussels Pact. see Western European Union.
• Bryn, Dag, 69, 71, 102, 105– 106
• Budget, (U.S.) Bureau of the, 150
• Bulleri, Romolo, 705, 708
• Burma, 417, 560, 608
• Buset, Max, 432
• Butrick, Richard P., 22, 68
• Butterworth, W. Walton, 725
• Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, 560, 742
• Byington, Homer M., 504n
• Cadogan, Sir Alexander, 497
• Caeiro da Matta, José, 19– 20, 179– 180, 201, 243, 271, 274– 277, 285, 714
• Caffery, Jefferson, 42– 43, 45– 46, 53, 56, 122, 124n , 146– 150, 225, 233, 266, 288– 289, 459n , 626– 638, 640, 646n , 721
• Caine, Sir Sidney, 781
• Canada (see also under NATO , Spain, and United Kingdom): British financial crisis, effect of, 787, 789– 790, 811, 814, 821; economic and financial assistance to the United Kingdom, 485, 784;Italian colonies, disposition of former, 154, 560; Northwest Atlantic fisheries convention, 614; U.S. Canadian Joint Defense Board, 316; U.S. export control program, 350; Western European Union, relationship to, 471
• Canham, Erwin B., 739
• Canini Giovanni, 704– 705, 708, 710
• Cannon, Cavendish, 512n , 516n , 517– 518, 521n
• Cappelleti, Alessandro, 705, 708
• Carinthia, Yugoslav claim to, 508, 512n
• Carmognola, Luigi, 705
• Carter, Pat, 246
• Castellani, Vittorio, 501– 503, 511
• Castro, Fernandez, 464, 467
• Catalano, Felice, 612
• Cattani, Attilio, 410
• Cavour, Count Camillo Benso di, 519
• Ceylon, 528
• Chapin, Selden, 463
• Chase National Bank, 729
• Chauvel, Jean, 53, 123
• Cherrière, Maj. Gen. Paid, 681
• Chile, 560, 738
• China, 218, 560
• Chinese Communists, 477, 495, 690
• Chipman, Norris B., 635n
• Christelow, Allan, 781
• Clacton International Socialist Conference, 704
• Clark, Clyde L., 768– 771
• Clay, Gen. Lucius D., 305
• Clemens, George, 673
• Clutton, George L., 526, 528, 566– 567, 581– 582, 587, 602– 604, 610– 612
• Cochin China, 495– 496
• Cochran, H. Merle, 260, 268– 269
• Cohen, Benjamin V., 425, 738– 739
• Collier, Sir Laurence, 36, 51, 60
• Collisson, Norman H., 389, 407
• Colombia, 560, 608, 742, 749
• Combined Chiefs of Staff (U.S.–U.K.), 108, 120, 256, 263, 294
• Commerce, (U.S.) Department of, 421, 832
• Committee for European Economic Cooperation, 448
• Communist Information Bureau (Com-inform): Break with Tito and the Yugoslav Communist Party, 473, 477, 494n , 516, 522; France, policy toward, 669; Trieste Communist Party, domination of, 500, 505; Warsaw Conference (1947), 636
• Communist International (Comintern), 636– 637, 691
• Congress (U.S.): Brewster amendment, 259, 269; British financial crisis, 795, 799, 832; Economic Cooperation Administration, 370, 483; European exchange rates, 382; European Recovery Program, 409– 436 passim, 445, 466, 471, 489– 490, 492– 493, 656– 658, 759, 826; Foreign Assistance Act, 376; House Foreign Affairs Committee, 113, 174, 642; Indonesian question, 251, 259, 269; Italian colonies, disposition of former, 529– 530, 533; North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 33, 47, 73; 77, 81, 103– 104, 119, 147, 266, 298, 308, 307, 309, 311, 363– 365; Senate, 103, 107, 109, 113– 114, 132, 135, 152, 158– 159, 162, 190, 198, 281n , 289, 303, 309, 311; Senate Appropriations Committee, 760n ; Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 73, 75– 76, 80, 82, 110, 114, 117, 153, 172n , 174, 177, 186, 296, 303, 832; Spanish question, 746, 759; U.S. budget, 668; U.S. military assistance program, 16, 49– 50, 55, 58, 71, 106, 111– 112, 147, 140– 150, 163, 208, 212– 213, 259, 266– 267, 287– 289, 295– 296, 298– 299, 302– 303, 309, 312– 313, 318, 320– 321, 324, 326, 429, 478, 627, 635, 640, 642, 830; war powers, 103– 104, 109, 205, 248; Western European Union, 253, 656– 657
• Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 707, 710– 711
• Connally, Tom, 64, 73– 74, 84– 86, 108– 110, 114– 115, 117, 128n , 141– 142, 298, 339, 746
• Conolly, Adm. Richard L., 118– 119, 234, 244, 640
• Consultative Council of Foreign Ministers. see under Western European Union.
• Corsica, 151
• Costa Rica, 219, 560
• Council of Europe: Assembly, 102; Belgian participation, 297, 418, 438; British participation, 297, 339– 340, 347, 372, 418, 443, 652; Committee of Ministers, 102, 339, 346, 372, 418, 438; Consultative Assembly, 317, 347, 372, 438; Danish participation, 297; development of, 40– 41, 45, 48, 60, 101, 306, 372, 465, 467; French participation, 297, 548, 652, 664; Irish participation, 292, 297; Italian participation, 144, 297, 349; Luxembourg participation, 297; meetings, 147, 418, 424, 441, 443; members, 297; Netherlands participation, 297; Norwegian participation, 297; President, 431; seat of, 102; statute, May 5, 297, 347; Swedish participation, 297; U.S. policy, 343, 470, 473, 483, 490, 664, 666; West German participation, question of, 490
• Council of Foreign Ministers (CFM): Austrian question, 473n ; Germany, 473n ; Italian colonies, disposition of former, 563; meeting at Paris, 306, 395n , 556n , 745n , 784n ; Soviet position, 808; Trieste question, 508; union of British and Italian Somaliland, proposed, 576
• Couve de Murville, Maurice, 271, 320, 425
• Cripps, Sir Stafford, 59, 138, 165– 166, 225, 326, 346, 369– 371, 375– 376, 380– 381, 392, 394– 395, 399– 402, 411n , 416, 425, 430– 432, 434n , 435, 437– 438, 440– 442, 451n , 456, 461– 462, 464– 466, 468n , 655, 659, 784, 786, 788, 790– 793, 799– 802, 805, 810, 820, 832– 833, 839– 840, 849, 852
• Cuba, 560
• Culbertson, Paul T., 727– 730, 735n , 744n , 745– 747, 750– 753, 759– 762, 763n , 766– 771
• Cumming, Hugh S., 37
• Cyrenaica. see under Italian colonies, etc.
• Czechoslovakia, 292, 483, 498, 560, 619, 773
• Da Costa Leite, João Pinto, 401n , 714
• Dahomey, 676
• Dalla Chiesa, Enzo, 705, 708
• Dalton, Hugh, 41– 42
• D’Andrea, Alfredo, 708
• Danvilla, Julio, 754
• D’Aragona, Ludovico, 704n , 705
• Daridan, Jean, 670– 671
• de Faria, Antonio, 271, 714
• Defense, (U.S.) Department of (National Military Establishment), 9– 10, 15, 111– 112, 300, 314– 315, 317, 324, 351, 450, 640, 661, 670, 725– 726, 731, 830, 832
• De Gasperi, Alcide, 7– 9, 23, 323– 324, 329, 349– 350, 509n , 511, 526, 550– 551, 565, 566n
• De Gaulle, Charles, 288– 289, 630– 633
• De Margerie. see Jacquin de Margerie.
• Denfeld, Adm. Louis, 10– 13, 95– 97
• Denmark (see also Greenland and Scandinavia and under ECA , ERP , NATO , OEEC , Spain, and United Nations): British oil companies, activities of, 846; Communist Party, 619, 621; Export–Import Bank loan, 622; German refugees in Denmark and South Schleswig, consultations regarding disposition of, 624– 625; Italian colonies, disposition of former, 560, 606; neutrality of, 619– 620, 624; Northwest Atlantic fisheries convention, 614; strategic importance of, 619; Sweden, relations with, 3, 21, 25– 26; trade with Poland and the Soviet Union, 623; U.S. arms, request for, 619– 620, 624; U.S. export control program, 476n , 623; U.S. policy, 618– 624
• Dennett, Raymond, 421
• Devinat, Paul, 633– 634, 651– 652
• Dickinson, Edward T., 402, 667
• Dimitrov, Gheorghi, 637
• Dominican Republic, 560, 613
• Don Juan, 754– 756, 760, 767– 771
• Donnelly, Col. C. H., 352
• Double taxation agreements, 703, 713
• Douglas, Lewis W.: British financial crisis, 784– 790, 792– 793, 795– 797, 800, 802– 805, 850– 852; European Recovery Program, 391– 394, 397n , 430– 431, 433– 434, 435– 437, 443, 448n , 451– 454, 465; Italian colonies, disposition of former, 554– 556, 566– 567, 569– 571, 581– 582, 603, 605, 607; meeting of U.S. ambassadors, 472, 474– 475, 477– 478, 482– 485, 489, 491, 493; Trieste question, 509n ; U.S. military assistance program, 110, 112, 136– 139, 146, 163, 165– 166, 179, 183– 184, 195, 224– 225, 229– 233, 244– 253, 258, 267– 268, 295– 296, 301– 304, 310, 322, 635; Western European Union, 9, 59, 101– 102, 106, 107n , 310– 311, 342, 344, 348, 371
• Dowling, Walter C., 23, 253, 532
• Dulles, John Foster, 544– 551, 556– 557, 638, 738, 739n
• Dunham, William B., 731n , 735n , 753– 754, 758n , 763– 765
• Dunn, James Clement: Devaluation of the British pound, Italian reaction to, 842n ; European Recovery Program, 434n , 437; Italian colonies, disposition of former, 550, 562, 564– 566; Italian relations with Yugoslavia, 503– 504; labor movement in Italy, U.S. interest in the formation of a non-Communist, 704– 705, 706n , 711; meetings of U.S. ambassadors, 472, 474– 475, 488– 489; North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 7– 8, 18, 144, 323n , 329; Trieste question, 509n , 512n , 515– 520, 524n ; U.S. military assistance program, 303– 304; Western European Union, 343– 344, 349– 350
• Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), 241, 444
• Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, 389, 412, 414, 419, 679, 836
• Economic Cooperation Administration (EGA) (see also ERP and under OEEC ): Benelux, aid for, 238; Berlin, question of assistance for western sectors of, 487; British position in ECA program, 344, 369, 372, 411n , 745, 784– 785, 790, 793, 795, 799, 802, 809, 813, 815– 816, 819, 836, 839, 844, 852; counterpart funds, utilization of, 637, 640– 641, 643– 645, 647– 653, 671– 674, 678– 680, 682– 686, 688– 689; Danish cooperation, 622, 624; economic objectives, 667, 807– 808, 815; French policy, 642– 643, 745; German problem, 470; Iceland, aid for, 693, 697– 699, 701; Italian non-Communist labor movement, interest in, 710; meeting of European Mission Chiefs, Oct. 20, 426– 429, 473; missions in individual countries, 56, 374, 644, 647– 653, 667, 671n , 672– 674, 676, 682, 685n , 688– 689, 707, 715, 717, 806; Netherlands, aid for, 238, 259, 269; Office of the Special Representative in Europe (OSR), 15, 54, 112, 257, 373, 375– 376, 380n , 387n , 388n , 397, 402, 404, 407– 408, 411– 412, 428, 440, 445– 447, 456– 458, 468n , 638– 639, 641, 651, 674, 677, 686, 841, 844; overseas territories, questions regarding ECA assistance for, 672– 673, 675– 677, 686– 688, 716– 717; Portugal, aid for, 238n ; 714– 715; U.S. export control program, 482; U.S. military assistance program, coordination of ECA program with, 112, 147, 225, 295, 300, 367– 368, 661, 667
• Ecuador, 560
• Eden, Anthony, 841n
• Egypt, 14, 392, 417, 529– 531, 533, 545, 560, 831
• Eisenhower, Gen. of the Army Dwight D., 294
• El Salvador, 560
• Ely, Gen. Paul R., 670– 671
• Erhardt, John G., 464
• Eritrea. see under Italian colonies, etc. Erkin, Feridun C., 117– 120, 234– 235, 359– 360
• Ethiopia. see under Italian colonies, etc. Eritrea and Italian Somaliland.
• European Recovery Program (ERP, Marshall Plan) (see also ECA and OEEC ): Benelux attitude toward, 238; bilateral agreements, 380, 385, 454, 778; British role, 137, 367, 369n , 372, 390, 410, 435, 784, 795; Communist opposition to, 669; counterpart funds, utilization of, 628, 637– 638; Danish participation, 624; French participation, 627– 628, 663, 688– 689; Iceland, assistance to, 696, 698– 699; Irish attitude, 292; Italian participation, 367; Norwegian role, 70; offshore procurement, 207, 397, 826; Portuguese attitude, 715, 718; rearmament of Western Europe, coordination of plans concerning, 14– 17, 49– 50, 54– 57, 106, 149– 150, 195, 257– 258, 267– 268, 367– 368; Soviet opposition to, 52, 390, 439; Spanish participation, question of, 722, 728, 732, 734, 737, 759, 762, 765; Swedish attitude, 777– 779; Trieste, assistance to Anglo-American zone of, 505; U.S. policy, 78, 240– 241, 251– 252, 259– 260, 268, 297, 299, 339, 362, 365, 374– 376, 388, 390– 391, 398, 414, 426, 471, 478, 489, 491– 492, 544, 627, 647, 656, 677, 772, 783– 784, 789, 797, 827, 832, 849
• Evatt, Herbert, 734n
• Export-Import Bank of Washington, 622, 730, 735– 736, 744– 746, 750, 762– 766
• Fales, Herbert P., 90
• Fanfani, Amitori, 708
• Far East, 256, 474, 480, 489, 494, 806, 831– 832
• Faravelli, Giuseppe, 705
• Faroe Islands, defense and security of, 21, 25, 69, 194
• Faure, Edgar, 643
• Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany): Allied High Commission, 454, 486, 488; Berlin, relationship to, 486– 487; British policy, 487, 660; coal exports, pricing of, 475, 662– 664, 843; decartelization program, 454; devaluation of the German mark, 338, 475, 662– 664, 843; discrimination problem, 473; dismantling problem, 473, 487– 488, 490, 660; dumping problem, 473; economic policies, 659; establishment of, 485– 486; French policy, 470, 472, 487– 488, 662– 664, 843; Government, 486; Social Democrats, 487; Soviet atomic bomb explosion, reaction to, 475; U.S. policy, 469– 471, 487– 488
• Federal Reserve Bank, 658
• Federal Reserve Board, 373n
• Federal Reserve system, 832
• Fezzan. see under Italian colonies, etc.
• Figueiredo, José Duarte, 271
• Finland, 36, 63, 89, 98, 122, 774– 775
• Finletter, Thomas K., 56, 59, 258, 370, 390– 391
• Flückiger, Col. Hermann, 499, 505
• Foley, Edward H., 803, 845, 847
• Foreign Assistance Act, 376
• Foreign Assistance Correlation Committee (FACC), 16, 110, 184, 195– 197, 257, 295, 301, 304– 305, 341, 639, 667– 668, 748– 749
• Foreign Assistance Steering Committee (FASC), 14n 16, 54, 112, 247, 301, 304– 305
• Forrestal, James V., 10, 14, 16, 37, 39n , 49, 95, 100, 112– 413, 161, 636
• Forslev, Maj. Gen. C. C. J., 206
• Foster, William C., 349, 385– 387, 389, 408, 450– 451, 464, 651n , 653, 661, 673– 674, 682– 686, 688n , 806n , 845, 847
• France (see also French subheadings under individual countries and subjects):
  • Agreements with the United States: Maritime claims and litigation, Mar. 14, 691; settlement of certain financial claims and accounts, Mar. 14, 691
  • Confédération Française des Travailleurs Chrétiens (CFTC), 668
  • Confédération Générale des Cadres (CGC), 668
  • Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT), 479, 668
  • Council of the Republic, 107, 318, 320
  • Devaluation of the French franc (1948), 842, 848
  • Economic and commercial negotiations with Belgium, Italy, and the Netherlands, 656– 658, 666, 680
  • Economic and financial stabilization programs, 480, 627– 652 passim, 661– 663, 668, 678– 680, 682– 686
  • Economic Cooperation Administration program for imports for French West Africa, 672– 673, 675– 677, 686– 688
  • Elections, 634– 635
  • Exchange convertibility with Italy and Benelux, 349, 419, 423, 490– 491
  • Force Ouvriére (FO), 668– 669
  • Germany, policy toward, 109, 253, 266, 339, 345, 487, 490, 659– 660, 664– 665
  • Italy, customs union with, 253, 349, 458, 548
  • National Assembly, 107. 147, 320, 479, 626, 628, 636, 646, 651, 667
  • Northwest Atlantic fisheries convention, 614
  • Political parties: Communists, 303, 479– 480, 627, 633– 634, 636– 637, 665, 668– 669, 689– 691, 722, 814; Gaullists, 665; Independents, 646; Mouvement Republicain Populaire (MRP), 632; Radical Socialists, 632; Rassemblement du Peuple Francais (RPF), 632; Socialists, 632, 634
  • Political situation, 415, 630– 637, 646, 661– 662, 665, 668– 669, 671n , 672, 689– 691
  • Soviet policy, 627, 636– 637
  • Swiss loan, 678
  • Trade policies, 655
  • United Kingdom, policy toward, 475
  • United States: Export control program, 350, 476, 480, 482; loan, 632, 638– 639, policy toward, 338– 339, 345, 663– 666; stockpiling program, French interest in, 655
• Franco, Francisco, 721– 770 passim Franco, Nicolas, 254– 255, 747
• François-Poncet, André, 488, 662
• Franks, Sir Oliver S., 29– 33, 77– 79, 84, 87, 114– 115, 127, 130– 132, 151– 178 passim, 185– 187, 189– 191, 210, 215– 218, 220– 222, 271, 285, 325, 346, 360– 362, 365, 435, 441, 447, 528– 531, 538, 593n , 596– 602, 604, 758, 797, 832
• French Guinea, 676
• French Indochina, 296, 480, 494– 496, 571, 626, 644– 645, 660, 669, 683, 689– 690
• French Morocco, 541, 676, 691
• French Niger, 676
• French North Africa, 560– 571, 574, 581, 584, 676
• French Sudan, 676
• French Union, 495– 496
• French West Africa, 672– 673, 675– 677, 686– 688
• Gaither, Brig. Ridgely, 502
• Galloway, William J., 271, 315, 451, 681– 682
• Garrett, George A., 15n
• General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), conference at Annecy, 391n , 623
• George, Walter F., 128, 141, 162
• German Democratic Repulic (East Germany), 343, 475, 477, 486, 488– 489, 690
• Germany (see also Berlin, Berlin blockade, etc., Federal Republic of Germany, and German Democratic Republic): Anglo-American zones of occupation (Bizonia), 659; British policy, 290, 345; division of, 473; French policy, 109, 253, 266, 339, 345, 487, 490, 659– 660; French zone of occupation, 624; Soviet policy, 262, 489, 690, 773; Soviet zone of occupation, 199, 778; U.S. policy, 109, 202, 345, 473, 507; unity of, 486– 487, 489
• Gibraltar, 32
• Glendinning, C. Dillon, 781
• Gomez, Trifon; 740– 742, 767
• Gordon, Lincoln, 408, 426, 428– 429
• Gorizia, Yugoslav claim to, 508, 522– 523
• Grant, Col. Walter, 294
• Greece (see also under NATO , OEEC , and Western European Union): British military forces in, 162; British policy, 557; civil war, 473, 476; Italian colonies, disposition of former, 560; security of, U.S. policy regarding, 13, 24, 27, 46, 103, 175– 178, 209– 210, 233, 235– 236, 244, 270– 271, 529; Soviet pressure on, 94, 235, 270, 477, 499; United Nations Special Committee on the Balkans (UNSOOB), 477; U.S. economic and military assistance, 117n , 207, 234, 297– 299, 478, 831; U.S. military forces in, 162; Yugoslav policy, 512n
• Greene, Joseph N., 504, 507– 508, 519– 522, 568
• Greenland: Danish sovereignty over, 621– 622; defense and security of; 21, 25– 26, 69, 77, 82, 84, 88, 97– 100, 109, 128, 194, 200– 201, 205, 211, 621– 622; purchase by the United States, question of, 621; strategic importance of, 313, 618, 621; U.S. military base rights land facilities, 98, 101, 200– 201, 211– 212, 621
• Gronchi, Giovanni, 705
• Gros, André, 681
• Gross, Ernest A., 16, 48– 50, 58– 59, 71, 102n , 105, 174, 194, 198– 199, 206– 210, 212– 213, 236– 237, 245n , 271, 626, 725, 820n
• Grotewohl, Otto, 690
• Gruber, Karl, 464
• Gruenther, Maj. Gen. Alfred M., 121, 255, 301, 319, 670
• Guatemala, 560, 608
• Guidotti, Gastone, 271, 337, 518, 546
• Guindey, Guillaume, 654
• Gunneng, Arne, 69
• Gutt, Camille, 382, 397– 398, 424, 656– 657
• Haile Selassie I., 575, 587– 588, 594, 596, 603
• Haiti, 559– 560
• Halaby, N. E., 356– 358
• Hall, Robert, 781
• Hall, William O., 121
• Hall-Patch, Sir Edmund L., 410, 431– 432, 453
• Hare, Raymond A., 554
• Harmony, Col. John W., 319
• Harriman, W. Averell: British financial crisis, 786n , 791– 793, 795, 797n , 799, 802, 805, 843; European Recovery Program, 367– 408 passim, 415– 467 passim, 641– 642, 645, 654, 658– 659, 673, 677– 678, 680, 714– 719; meeting of U.S. ambasadors, 472, 474, 478– 479, 481– 483, 489– 491, 493– 494; North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 350; U.S. military assistance program, 14– 16, 56, 59, 106, 113, 136– 139, 146, 148– 150, 163, 165– 166, 184, 225, 233, 244– 249, 258, 266– 267, 296, 301– 304, 310, 342, 634
• Harvey, Sir Oliver Charles, 442, 842
• Hebard, William B., 781
• Hedtoft, Hans Christian, 63, 140– 141
• Henderson, Alexander I., 16
• Henderson, J. N., 271
• Hensel, H. Struve, 506
• Hickerson, John D., 1– 3, 23– 25, 39n , 40n , 48n , 66, 68– 69, 72, 79, 84, 90–£l, 102n , 113, 120– 121, 134– 135, 154, 157– 158, 167, 173– 174, 176– 177, 188, 193, 198– 205, 210, 221– 222, 225– 229, 236, 253– 255, 271, 291, 504– 507, 630, 721, 725, 730– 735
• Hiiss, Abdulla, 583
• Hirschfeld, H. M., 410– 411
• Ho Chi Minh, 495
• Hoffman, Paul G., 14, 16, 257, 301, 304, 342, 350, 367– 369, 373– 374, 377– 380, 383– 385, 395– 397, 400– 401, 407– 409, 412– 418, 421, 425– 429, 436– 469 passim, 637– 643, 647– 650, 654– 660, 671– 673, 675– 678, 686, 688, 791, 795– 796, 803, 826n , 832
• Hoge, Maj. Gen. William M., 507n , 513– 514
• Holmes, Julius C., 9, 44– 45, 56, 244, 304– 306, 339– 342, 360, 364– 365, 429, 463– 464, 526– 528, 610– 611, 663, 665, 705n , 839– 843
• Honduras, 560
• Hong Kong, 806, 831
• Hoyer-Millar, Sir Frederic. see Millar, Sir Frederic Hoyer.
• Huebner, Lt. Gen. C. R., 244, 247– 248, 301– 304
• Hulley, Benjamin M., 1, 24, 27n , 69, 88– 89, 102n , 135n , 193, 198, 202– 203, 210, 225 236
• Humelsine, Carlisle H., 177– 178, 820n
• Huse, Robert, 639, 647, 688
• Hvass, Frants, 193, 198, 206, 210, 271
• Iceland (see also under NATO , OEEC , and Spain):
  • Communist coup d’état, threat of, 313– 315
  • Communist party, 695– 696, 698, 700– 701
  • ECA and ERP assistance, question of, 693, 696– 699, 701
  • Economic situtation, 696– 697
  • Foreign troops or military bases during peacetime, opposition to, 314, 695
  • ICAO assistance, 700
  • Italian colonies, disposition of former, 560
  • Northwest Atlantic fisheries convention, 614
  • Strategic position of, 228, 813, 693– 694, 697
  • Trade relations with: Czechoslovakia, Germany, and the United Kingdom, 697; Italy, 699; Soviet Union, 698; Spain, 697– 699
  • U.S. air base facilities at Keflavik airfield, 228, 693– 696, 700– 701
  • U.S. policy, 693– 702
• India, 290, 417, 495, 528, 560, 586, 589– 591, 597, 606, 717, 726, 784, 806, 809, 811, 814, 850
• Indonesian question, 163, 165– 166, 178– 179, 224, 230, 238, 246, 251– 252, 259– 261, 267– 269, 296, 549– 550
• Inönü, Ismet, 118– 119
• Inter-American Defence Board, 219
• Inter-American system, 169
• International Authority for the Ruhr, 488
• International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 802– 803, 828
• International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 700, 776
• International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 770
• International Monetary Fund, 344, 379, 382– 383, 387, 397– 398, 469, 490, 623, 656– 657, 777, 782– 784, 792, 802– 803, 823, 827– 829, 844
• International Refugee Organization, 776
• International Trade Organization, 381, 387, 469, 777; Charter, 375, 445, 454, 460– 461, 623, 778, 834
• Inverchapel, Lord Archibald Clarkr Kerr, 433
• Iran: Italian colonies, disposition of former, 560, 606; security of, U.S. declaration regarding, 175– 178, 209– 210, 233, 235– 236, 244, 270– 271; Soviet pressure on, 65, 94, 210, 233, 235– 236, 270
• Iraq, 529, 560, 586, 589– 591, 613, 831
• Ireland (see also under ERP , NATO , OEEC , and Western European Union): Double taxation convention with the United States, Sept. 13, 703; partition question, 15, 90– 91, 292– 293
• Israel (see also Palestine question), 560
• Italian colonies, disposition of former:
  • Argentine policy, 589
  • Asiatic bloc, policy of, 558– 559, 561, 573, 584, 587, 606
  • Bevin-Sforza agreement, 552– 554, 559– 560, 567n
  • British policy, 476, 489, 526, 528, 539, 542– 543, 551– 552, 554– 556, 559– 560, 565, 569, 580– 593, 596, 604– 607, 613, 806
  • Cyrenaica: Arab position, 541, 558, 587; British military bases in, 529, 547, 564, 573, 598, 602, 609; British policy, 526, 554, 556– 557, 562, 564– 565, 581– 582, 584, 605– 607, 610; British trusteeship, proposed, 529– 537, 540, 542– 543, 547, 550– 552, 558– 559, 563, 573, 580; French policy, 526; independence, proposed, 541, 554, 556n 557, 565, 580, 584, 605– 607, 610; Italian policy, 540, 547, 562, 569, 580, 584, 610; U.S. policy, 531– 532, 534, 536, 540, 551– 552, 556– 557, 559, 562– 563, 579, 585, 593
  • Eritrea: British policy, 527– 528, 565, 575, 582, 587, 596– 597, 599– 604, 610– 611; cession of Western province to Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, proposed, 542– 543, 553, 563, 568, 575, 577, 582, 585, 596– 597, 602; Egyptian policy, 575; Ethiopia, proposed cession to, 527– 528, 534, 539– 540, 542– 543, 547– 548, 551– 553, 560, 563– 565, 568, 574– 612 passim; French policy, 527; independence, proposed, 580, 582, 584– 587, 590– 591, 594– 595, 602– 603; Italian policy, 527– 528, 539, 547– 548, 558, 579– 580, 584, 587, 591, 595, 610– 611; multiple trusteeship, proposed, 539, 547; Soviet policy, 586, 591; United Nations Commission of Inquiry, 597, 599– 601, 603, 606, 608, 613; United Nations trusteeship, proposed, 586, 590– 591; U.S. military facilities in, 574– 575, 578; U.S. policy, 532, 540, 553, 558, 563, 568, 574– 575, 577, 584– 587, 594, 596, 600– 603, 606, 608
  • Fezzan, proposed French trusteeship for, 526, 530– 531, 533– 534, 536, 540, 543, 547, 550– 551, 553, 563– 564, 567, 569, 573– 574, 580– 581, 585, 605
  • Four Power Commission (1948), 583
  • French position, 526, 533, 539, 558– 560, 565, 580– 581, 613
  • Indian interest, 542, 586, 589– 591, 597, 606
  • Iraqi interest, 542, 560, 586, 589– 591, 598
  • Italian position, 539– 542, 546– 551, 558, 560, 564– 565, 568– 569, 579– 581, 593– 595
  • Italian Somaliland: Advisory Council, 608; British policy, 526, 556, 575– 578, 582, 604, 611– 612; British trusteeship, proposed, 578– 579, 582; Colombian role, 608; Egyptian policy, 606, 608; Ethiopia, proposed cession to, 548, [Page 865] 588, 612; French policy, 526, 545; Greater Somaliland, proposed, 556, 575– 576, 578, 584; independence, proposed, 564, 585– 586, 591, 608; Italian trusteeship, proposed, 527, 534, 539– 540, 542– 543, 545, 551– 553, 558, 560n , 563– 564, 568, 575– 579, 582– 585, 587– 589, 591– 592, 594, 603, 606, 608, 611– 612; Philippine policy, 608; political situation, 582– 583; Soviet policy, 586; trusteeship agreement, 613; United Nations General Assembly resolution concerning, 608, 611– 613; United Nations trusteeship, proposed, 534, 542, 578– 579, 586; U.S. policy, 532, 534, 540, 553, 558, 563, 568, 575– 579, 584– 586, 592, 594, 602, 612– 613
  • Latin American position, 542, 558– 560, 565, 570, 581, 588, 591– 592, 594– 595, 600, 603, 606
  • Liberian position, 589, 591
  • Libya (see also Italian colonies: Cyrenaica, Fezzan, etc., and Tripolitania): Advisory Council, proposed, 568, 574, 577, 579, 585, 590, 593, 607, 610; Arab position, 545, 563, 573, 591– 592, 606; British position, 474, 485, 531, 533– 534, 536– 537, 544– 546, 558, 563, 566– 573, 576– 577, 581, 593, 598– 599, 602, 604– 607; Egyptian position, 533, 535– 536, 558, 563, 568, 573– 574, 576– 577, 607; foreign troops and bases, Soviet proposal for withdrawal of, 590; French policy, 533– 534, 536, 558, 563, 568– 571, 573– 574, 576– 577, 607, 609– 610; independence, proposed, 474, 529, 534, 537, 540– 543, 545, 551– 553, 559– 593 passim, 607– 608; Italian policy, 533– 534, 541– 542, 550, 568, 577, 580n , 584, 607, 609– 610; multiple trusteeship, proposed, 531, 533– 534, 536– 537, 546, 558– 559; Pakistani policy, 607; Soviet policy, 570, 573, 586, 589– 590; strategic importance of, 570, 572– 574, 577; United Nations Commission, proposed, 599– 600; United Nations Commissioner for, 607– 608, 610; United Nations General Assembly considerations, 474, 485, 526, 533– 534, 542, 551, 564, 567, 569– 570, 572– 574, 577, 585, 589, 593, 605– 609; United Nations trusteeship, proposed, 593; U.S. policy, 532– 534, 536– 538, 540– 541, 551– 553, 558, 561, 563– 564, 568, 572– 574, 576– 577, 579, 585– 586, 592– 595, 598– 603, 605, 607, 609– 610; U.S. trusteeship, proposed, 534
  • Pakistani proposals, 586
  • Soviet position, 542, 559– 561, 589, 605, 734
  • Tripolitania: Advisory Council, proposed, 553, 563, 581, 584; Arab position, 541, 553; British administration, 534, 536; 553, 563, 582, 605; British policy, 526– 530, 533, 537, 550, 556, 567, 584, 605; Egyptian interest, 529– 531, 553, 563; French policy, 526– 527, 529– 531, 545, 553, 563; independence, proposed, 533, 541, 580, 584, 609; Iraqi interest, 529; Italian trusteeship, proposed, 526– 585 passim, 606, 610; Lebanese interest, 529; multiple trusteeship, proposed, 530– 531, 533, 536, 553; Pakistani, interest, 529; Soviet policy, 530, 533; United Nations General Assembly considerations, 527, 529, 540, 584– 585; United Nations trusteeship, proposed, 530; U.S. air base facilities at Wheelus Field, 529, 564, 573, 609; U.S. policy, 527, 534, 541, 549– 551, 553– 554, 558, 563, 565, 579, 584– 585, 593; U.S. trusteeship, proposed, 529– 530, 532– 533, 537, 541, 556; Uruguayan proposal, 553– 554
  • United Nations General Assembly considerations, 539– 613 passim, 806
  • U.S. policy, 474, 528, 534– 585 passim, 591– 608
• Italy (see also Italian colonies, etc., and Italian subheadings under individual countries and subjects):
  • Confederazione Generate Italiana del Lavoro (CGIL), 704n , 705n , 708– 710
  • Council of Ministers, 593
  • Customs Union with France, 253, 349, 458, 548
  • Devaluation of the Italian lira, 476
  • Economic and commercial negotiations with Belgium, France, and the Netherlands, 656– 658, 666, 680
  • Exchange convertibility with France and Benelux, 349, 419, 423, 490– 491
  • Federazione Italiana del Lavoro (FIL), 708– 711
  • Government, 8– 9, 18, 23, 29– 30, 32, 39, 41, 43, 48, 125– 126, 144– 145, 155– 156, 173, 253, 323, 346, 349, 475– 476, 488, 497, 501, 503, 511, 514– 516, 519– 522, 524, 526– 529, 540, 542, 546– 547, 549– 550, 558, 565– 566, 569, 575– 576, 578– 580, 594, 600, 610
  • Greece, relations with, 476
  • Labor movement in, U.S. interest in the formation of a unified non-Communist, 704– 711
  • Libera Confederazione Generate Italiana dei Lavoratori (LCGIL), 704n , 708– 711
  • Northwest Atlantic fisheries convention, 614
  • Peace treaty, implementation or revision of, 18, 24, 30– 31, 41, 43, 183, 142– 143, 156, 222, 319, 497, 504– 507, 510, 512n , 514– 516, 520, 523, 548, 555– 556, 562– 563, 567, 581, 607
  • Political parties: Christian Democrats, 708– 710; Communists, 254, 303, 476, 637, 704n , 707, 709, 814; Nenni Socialists (see PSI ); Partito Socialista dei Lavoratori (PSLI) (Saragat Socialists), 704– 705, 708– 710; Partito Socialista Italiano (PSI) (Nenni Socialists), 167, 704, 708– 709; Republicans, 704n , 708, 710– 711; Saragat Socialists (see PSLI ); Socialists (see PSI and PSLI)
  • Soviet atom bomb explosion, reaction to, 475
  • Strategic importance of, 13, 143– 144
  • Supreme Council of Defense, 323n
  • U.S. export control program, 350, 476, 480n , 482
  • U.S. policy, 144– 145
  • Yugoslavia: Fisheries convention with, Apr. 13, 503– 504, 517; naval agreement with, 504; policy toward Italy, 253, 475– 476; relations with, 503– 504; trade agreement with, 476, 504, 516– 518
• Ivory Coast, 676
• Jacquin de Margerie, Roland, 566
• Japan, 455, 477
• Japanese peace treaty, 477
• Jebb, Sir Hubert Miles Gladwyn, 44– 45, 48, 183, 271, 289– 291, 325, 326n , 365, 758
• Jellicoe, Earl George Patrick John Rushworth, 504, 507, 508n , 521n
• Jernegan, John D., 117– 118, 120, 209– 210, 234n , 359
• Jessup, Philip C., 265, 267, 269, 325, 423n , 425– 426, 588– 589, 594– 602, 605, 738, 758, 820n
• Jester, Perry N., 672
• Johnson, Louis A., 301, 304, 308, 322– 323, 357– 358, 362– 364, 640n
• Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS): French desire to be included on the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 294; North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 10– 13, 40, 120– 121, 315– 317, 319, 322– 323, 325– 328; Scandinavian defense pact, military and security implications of, 95– 101; Tripolitania, strategic importance of, 529; U.S. military assistance program, 37, 39n , 668; U.S. military base rights, 37– 38, 39n ; U.S. representative on the Military Committee on the Western European Union, 110
• Jones, Edgar, 781
• Jones, George L., 554
• Jonsson, Emil, 202– 203, 205– 206, 225, 236
• Jonsson, Eysteinn, 202– 203, 225, 227– 229, 236
• Joyce, Robert P., 472, 494, 504, 506
• Judd, Walter H., 500n
• Juin, Gen. Alphonse, 108, 121
• Kardelj, Edvard, 521n
• Katz, Milton, 257– 258, 375, 395n , 408– 412, 464– 467, 468n , 677
• Kauffmann, Henrik de, 1n , 17, 88, 134, 140, 157, 193, 198, 200– 201, 206, 208, 210, 271, 285, 625
• Kennan, George F., 289, 301, 725– 726, 820, 830, 847n
• Kenney, W. John, 443, 450, 454, 460– 462, 464, 843– 844
• Kenya, 578
• Kibler, Maj. Gen. A. Franklin, 57, 322
• Kirk, Adm. Alan G., 13– 14, 40– 41, 43– 44, 60, 64, 124, 165– 166, 225, 233, 238, 258, 343– 344, 369n , 423, 437, 472, 476– 478, 481– 482, 489, 635
• Kjoelsen, Commodore Frits Aage Hammer, 206, 209
• Kohler, Foy D., 26n , 51– 53, 65– 66, 235– 236, 499– 500
• Kopper, Samuel K. G., 554
• Korea: Defense of South Korea, U.S. responsibility for, 24, 27, 46; Soviet policy, 235
• Kurds, 235
• Labor, (U.S.) Department of, 832
• Labouisse, Henry R., Jr., 48n , 380– 381, 397n , 439, 845– 847
• Lacoste, Robert, 650
• Landon, Maj. Gen. Truman H., 301
• Lane, Thomas A., 704– 705
• Lange, Halvard Manthey, 7, 35– 36, 51, 60– 62, 65– 73, 76– 77, 79, 83, 91, 94, 102, 104– 105, 109, 121– 146 passim, 157, 271, 275– 276, 280, 285, 464, 467, 723
• Latin America. see American Republics; and under Italian colonies, etc., and Spain.
• League of Nations, 620
• Leahy, Fleet Admiral William D., 38
• Lebanon, 529, 560
• Le Gallais, Hugues, 30, 34, 80– 81, 127, 151, 155, 158– 160, 186, 190, 217, 221, 271, 285
• Lemnitzer, Maj. Gen. Lyman L., 16, 105, 206, 212
• Lend-Lease, 361
• Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 690
• Leopold III, King of the Belgians. 412, 431– 432, 436
• Le Rougetel, Sir John H., 210, 233
• Liberia, 560, 589, 591
• Libya. see under Italian colonies, etc.
• Lie, Trygve, 511n , 514, 592
• Lippmann, Walter, 104
• Lodge, Henry Cabot, 142
• Lombardo, Ivan Matteo, 704n , 705, 709
• Longman, Tremper, 460
• Loridan, Walter, 40– 41, 43, 60, 271
• Lovett, Robert A., 4– 40 passim, 48, 141, 369, 526, 704
• Luciolli, Mario, 271, 319, 579– 581
• Luxembourg (see also Benelux and under NATO , OEEC , Spain, and Western European Union), 560
• Macao, 720
• MacArthur, Douglas, 2d, 356– 358, 423, 426n , 473, 494, 681, 758n
• MacBride, Seán, 15n , 292– 293, 441, 464
• MacVeagh, Lincoln, 10– 20, 179– 182, 237– 239, 242– 243, 254– 255, 714– 715, 754
• Maddox, Maj. Gen. Ray T., 255
• Makiedo, Sergiye, 514, 515n
• Makins, Sir Roger M., 57, 138, 325, 369
• Malaya, 246, 811, 831
• Mallaby, Howard G. C., 307
• Mallet, Sir Victor Alexander Louis, 507n , 508, 562, 565
• Malta, 32, 853
• Mangano, Philip A., 504
• Manzini, Raimondo, 532
• Marjolin, Robert E., 422– 423, 432, 453, 456, 463, 658
• Marras, Gen. Efisio Luigi, 319, 346
• Marsal, Conde de, 763– 765
• Manshall George C., 9, 15n , 70, 72, 108, 117, 139, 141, 294, 306, 372, 433, 435, 727, 730, 732, 734
• Martin, Edwin M., 351, 849n
• Martin, William McC., 781, 783, 796, 806n
• Martino, Enrico, 517
• Marvel, Josiah, 6, 17, 20– 22, 46– 47, 139– 140, 200
• Massigli, René, 340, 474, 842– 843
• Mates, Leo, 508– 509, 521
• Matthews, H. Freeman, 5, 25– 27, 36– 37, 63, 463
• Mauretania, 676
• Mayer, René, 672
• McCarran, Patrick A., 761
• McCloy, John J., 343– 344, 350, 434n , 437, 447– 448, 454, 459n , 473– 475, 485– 488, 494, 659, 663, 665
• McCormack, John W., 298
• McCullough, James A., 383, 781, 784
• McGhee, George C., 325, 596– 600, 604, 609n
• McNeil, Hector, 447, 544, 546, 556, 596– 608
• Meade, C. A. Gerald, 531– 534, 536, 538
• Mediterranean (see also under NATO ): Fact, proposed, 117, 119– 120, 125, 142, 234, 517; security of, question of, 13– 14, 30, 43, 142
• Meeting of U.S. ambassadors in Europe at Paris, Oct. 21–22, 469– 496
• Meisdalshagen, Olav, 401n
• Merrell, George R., 582– 583
• Mesta, Perle, 463
• Mexico, 560
• Military assistance program (U.S.) for countries participating in NATO and Western European Union: Belgian role, 148, 251– 252, 267– 268; bilateral, agreements, 351– 352, 360– 362, 364– 365, 668, 671; British role, 136– 139, 146– 147, 163, 165– 166, 224– 225, 220– 232, 247, 251– 252, 268, 295– 296, 360– 362, 364– 365; Brussels Pact Foreign Ministers meeting at London and request for U.S. miliary assistance, 183, 195, 224– 225, 229– 233, 245– 248, 285– 288; Canadian role, 138, 311– 313; Danish role, 206– 208, 212– 213, 288, 362; development of, 1, 16– 17, 37– 39, 48– 50, 54– 59, 71, 100 103– 104, 106, 110– 113, 136– 139, 148, 194, 206– 209, 231– 232, 240– 241, 245– 253, 257– 261, 267– 269, 287– 288, 294– 307, 300– 310, 323, 339, 341– 342, 351– 352, 389, 427, 473, 478, 490, 494, 634, 660– 661, 748– 749, 816, 820n , 831; equality of treatment principle, 246, 251– 253; European Correlation Committee, 244– 250, 301– 306, 310– 311, 341– 342; French role, 146– 150, 230, 232, 251– 252, 266, 288– 289, 294– 296, 318n , 320– 321, 362, 626– 629, 634– 635, 630– 642, 660– 661, 667– 668, 748; Italy, negotiations with, 240, 288, 341, 362; Luxembourg role, 148, 251– 252; mutual aid principle, 231– 232, 241, 249, 286– 287, 300, 360, 362, 626, 667, 671; Netherlands role, 148, 163, 165– 166, 178– 179, 194– 195, 224, 230, 246, 251– 253, 258– 261, 267– 269; Norwegian role, 208, 240, 288, 362, 774; OEEC relationship, 248, 380; Portuguese role, 249n ; reciprocal aid principle, 138– 139, 147, 149, 230– 232, 249, 251; Spain, noninclusion of, 734, 748– 749, 762
• Millar, Sir Frederic Hoyer, 32, 70– 80, 187, 214n , 245n , 271, 200, 346– 348, 504, 790n
• Millard, Hugh, 303– 304, 399– 400, 411– 412, 415– 416, 423, 431– 433, 437– 438, 454, 842n
• Mitterand, François, 633
• Moch, Jules, 672
• Moens de Fernig, 409
• Molotov, Vyacheslov Mikhailovich, 435
• Mondello, Mario, 271
• Monnet, Jean, 444n , 463, 643– 644, 648
• Montana, Vanni, 706
• Montgomery, Field’ Marshal the Viscount Bernard Law, 64, 165
• Moose, James S., 531– 532, 596– 602
• Moreland, William Dawson, 673
• Moreno, Andreas, 744
• Morgenstierne, Wilhelm Munthe de, 24– 25, 61– 62, 66, 69, 123, 135, 151, 158, 160– 163, 167, 174, 217, 220– 222, 271, 285
• Morocco. see French Morocco.
• Morrison, Herbert S., 138, 400, 852
• Mozambique, 717
• Munitions Board, 113
• Murphy, Robert D.; 265, 453– 456, 462– 464, 467n , 468n
• Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949 (MDAF), 341, 351, 360– 362, 366
• Myrdal, Gunnar, 848
• National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Problems, 195, 379, 382, 398, 419– 421, 637– 638, 649– 650, 682, 684– 685, 718, 744, 797
• National Military Establishment. see Defense, (U.S.) Department of.
• National Security Council: Italian colonies, disposition of former, 529, 563– 564, 571– 579; Italy, U.S. policy toward, 143; North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 10, 95, 98, 324; Southeast Asia, U.S. policy toward, 496; Spain, U.S. policy toward, 731; strategic importance of Greenland, Iceland, and the Azores, 313; U.S. and North Atlantic security interests in Iceland, 313– 315; U.S. base negotiations with Denmark and Norway, 98– 99; U.S. representation on the Military Committee of Western European Union, 110
• Near and Middle East, 244, 256, 270, 290, 340, 831– 832
• Nenni, Pietro, 523, 708
• Nerva, Marques de, 763, 766
• Netherlands (see also Indonesian question and under ECA , NATO , OEEC , Spain, and Western European Union):
  • Agreements with the United States: Relief supplies and packages for the Netherlands, Jan. 17, 712; U.S. Educational Foundation in the Netherlands, May 17, 712
  • Economic and commercial negotiations with Belgium, France, and Italy, 656– 658, 680
  • Economic Cooperation Administration aid, 238, 259
  • Italian colonies, disposition of former, 561
  • U.S. export control program, 476n , 480n
  • U.S. policy, 549– 550
• Netherlands East Indies. see Indonesian question.
• New Zealand, 560, 724
• Newfoundland, 614
• Nicaragua, 219, 560
• Nicholson, Kenneth J., 653
• Nielsen, Sivert A., 69, 271
• Nitze, Paul H., 15– 17, 48n , 54– 59, 626, 806n , 820n
• Nolting, Frederick E., 258
• Norstad, Gen. Lauris, 255– 256
• North Africa (see also NATO : Algeria, etc.), 565– 566, 576
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (see also Military Assistance Program, etc.):
  • Algeria, question regarding inclusion of, 5, 14, 27– 28, 32– 33, 77, 86– 87, 107, 114, 129, 131, 151, 283
  • Belgian role, 1n , 4, 13– 14, 30– 32, 34, 41n , 43– 44, 55, 81, 83– 84, 87, 124, 127– 129, 133– 134, 141, 151, 155, 158– 159, 167, 186, 190– 192, 217, 220– 221, 233, 242, 261, 271, 275– 276, 279– 280, 284, 329, 335– 336, 350, 357, 412
  • Benelux role, 4, 238, 268, 291
  • British role, 1n , 4– 5, 29– 33, 39, 42, 44, 52, 77– 80, 84, 87, 120, 122, 127, 130, 132– 133, 141, 151, 153– 154, 157– 159, 162, 167, 170– 173, 175, 185– 187, 189, 191, 198, 202, 209– 210, 215– 218, 221– 222, 233, 242, 256– 257, 261– 264, 271, 273– 275, 278, 280, 284– 285, 290– 291, 315, 319, 322, 324– 326, 328– 330, 334– 336, 345, 347, 357, 359– 362, 537, 791
  • Brussels Pact countries, participation by the, 1, 29, 40– 41, 81, 100, 145, 324 358
  • Canadian role, 1, 4, 14, 30, 32– 34, 77, 80– 81, 84– 87, 126– 127, 133, 141, 145, 151, 153– 155, 157– 162, 167, 169– 174, 186– 187, 190, 192, 216– 217, 220– 224, 233, 257, 261, 266, 268, 271, 278, 284, 291, 302, 311– 312, 315– 317, 329, 335– 336, 350
  • Communist opposition to, 669
  • Council, 256, 266, 268, 272– 273, 283, 291, 317, 321, 324, 326, 330– 332, 337, 351– 352, 363– 366
  • Danish participation, question of, 1– 3, 5– 7, 13, 15n , 17, 21– 22, 25– 27, 30– 31, 34– 36, 46– 47, 51, 61, 63, 66, 71– 72, 74– 78, 80– 84, 96– 98, 100– 101, 109, 122, 127– 128, 134, 139– 140, 144, 152– 153, 157, 164, 173– 174, 176– 177, 186, 193– 194, 198– 201, 207– 214, 223, 233n , 234, 271– 273, 278– 279, 285, 329, 335– 336, 357, 363, 620, 624, 773– 775
  • Defense Committee, 4, 12– 13, 31, 49, 108, 120, 161– 162, 199– 200, 204– 205, 223, 257, 263, 266, 268, 272– 274, 291, 318n , 319, 322, 324, 329, 332– 333, 336– 338, 345, 351– 352, 357, 362n , 365
    • Military Committee, 330, 333– 334, 336, 352– 353, 357– 358, 362n , 363; Executive Committee, 315– 316, 319, 323n ; regional planning [Page 869]groups, 319– 346 passim, 353– 354, 358; Standing Committee, 325– 326, 328, 330, 333– 336, 358; Steering Committee, 257, 315, 319, 322, 323n
    • Military Production and Supply Board, 352, 362n
    • Report on strategic concept for the defense of the North Atlantic area, 352– 358, 362, 366
  • Defense Financial and Economic Committee (DFEC), 326, 352
  • Defense Ministers, meeting of, 356– 358, 362– 364
  • Draft treaty, Dec. 24, 1948, 4
  • Duration of treaty, 27, 33– 34, 104, 180– 181, 237– 239, 242
  • Foreign Ministers, conference at Washington of, Apr. 2, 271– 281
  • French role, 1n , 3– 5, 14, 29, 31– 34, 41n , 44, 52, 56, 76– 77, 83– 84, 86– 87, 114, 120– 145 passim, 151– 152, 155– 156, 159– 161, 167, 169, 171– 173, 185– 188, 192, 214– 215, 219– 224, 233– 234, 242, 247, 256– 257, 261– 264, 271, 273, 277– 278, 280– 281, 284– 285, 288– 289, 291, 306– 307, 315, 318– 322, 325– 326, 328– 330, 334– 336, 345, 358, 546, 634, 667– 668
  • Greece, question regarding inclusion of, 14, 29– 30, 32, 43, 142, 144
  • Icelandic participation, question of, 1, 13, 15n , 22, 50, 68, 84, 97, 109, 122, 136, 144, 164, 173– 174, 176– 177, 186, 202– 206, 214, 223, 225– 229, 233n , 234, 236– 237, 248, 271, 285, 313– 315, 329, 336, 693, 695– 696, 701
  • Iranian participation, question of, 29, 62
  • Irish participation, question of, 1, 13, 15, 90– 91, 122, 136, 144, 154, 192, 292– 293
  • Italian participation, question of, 2– 44 passim, 53, 62, 87, 104, 122– 126, 128– 130, 132– 137, 141– 145, 151– 156, 164, 166– 167, 173– 174, 176– 177, 186, 188, 216, 222– 223, 233– 234, 253– 254, 264, 271, 273, 277, 280, 285, 319– 320, 322– 326, 328– 329, 336– 338, 345– 346, 357, 545– 546, 548, 550, 562
  • Luxembourg role, 1n , 30, 34, 80– 81, 118, 127, 141, 151, 155, 158– 160, 186, 190, 217, 221, 233, 242, 261, 271, 284– 285, 329, 335
  • Mediterranean area, question regarding inclusion of, 12, 14, 43
  • Netherlands role, 1n , 28– 30, 32– 34, 75– 76, 82– 84, 87, 118, 120– 127, 132, 134– 135, 141, 151– 153, 158, 160– 163, 167, 169– 170, 185, 188, 214– 215, 220– 222, 233, 242, 259, 261, 268, 271, 284– 285, 322, 329, 335– 336, 350, 357
  • Norwegian participation, question of, 1, 5– 7, 13, 15n , 17, 21– 22, 24– 27, 30– 31, 34– 36, 46– 47, 51, 53, 60– 109 passim, 121– 167 passim, 173– 174, 186– 191, 206– 209, 220– 222, 233, 271, 275– 276, 280, 285, 329, 335– 336, 357– 358, 620, 773– 775
  • Portuguese participation, question of, 1, 13, 15n , 19– 20, 122, 126, 136, 144, 152, 164, 173– 174, 176– 177, 179– 182, 186, 188, 201– 202, 223, 233n , 234, 237– 239, 242, 254– 255, 264, 271, 274– 277, 285, 329, 336, 715
  • Production and Supply Board, 322, 324
  • Scandinavian countries, question regarding participation of, 620
  • Soviet attitude, 51– 53, 60– 61, 63, 65– 66, 69– 70, 72, 74– 75, 91– 94, 98, 123, 145– 146, 153, 164, 171, 217, 224, 235, 238, 261– 265, 277– 280, 281n , 734
  • Spanish participation, question of, 13, 19– 20, 29, 181– 182, 243, 255, 732, 734, 739, 748, 762
  • Swedish participation, question of, 2, 5– 7, 13, 17, 21, 36, 61– 62, 66, 69– 71, 76– 78, 80, 84, 100, 350, 775, 779
  • Swiss attitude, 350
  • Territorial scope, 11– 12, 14, 25, 28– 30, 75, 86– 87
  • Treaty signed at Washington, Apr. 4, 281– 285, 331, 338– 340, 353– 354, 364, 478, 482, 490– 491, 808
  • Turkey, question regarding inclusion of, 14, 29– 30, 32, 43, 117– 120, 142, 144, 234– 235
  • United Nations, relationship to the, 29, 33– 34, 74, 83, 85, 92, 114– 116, 119, 167– 172, 185, 188– 191, 193, 202, 214– 221, 223, 230, 261– 265, 279, 281– 284, 353
  • U.S. military base rights, question of, 37– 39, 49, 139, 104, 201, 204, 231, 295, 622, 670– 671, 681– 682
  • U.S. policy, 1– 2, 8– 15, 19, 27– 28, 31– 34, 40– 42, 48, 50, 62, 70– 71, 73– 74, 77, 81– 82, 84– 88, 102– 106, 113– 116, 122– 124, 128– 136, 141– 145, 151– 152, 156– 159, 161– 164, 166– 174, 185– 192, 198– 205, 211– 214, 217– 219, 221– 222, 224, 233– 235, 240– 243, 248, 255– 285 passim, 291, 302– 346 passim, 362– 364, 434, 469, 471 [Page 870] 473, 478, 482– 483, 494, 533, 666– 668, 733, 738, 819
  • Vandenberg Resolution (Senate Resolution 239, 80th Congress), June 11, 1948, 24– 25, 27, 35, 46, 73, 81, 113, 147, 286, 297, 774
  • Washington exploratory talks on security: Ambassadorial meetings, 3– 4, 27– 34, 73– 88, 123, 125– 135, 141, 151– 163, 166– 174, 185– 192, 213– 224; International Working Group (Party), 4n , 160– 162, 191, 223– 224; report on, 10– 11; Washington paper, Sept. 9, 1948, 4n , 133; Working Group (Party), 320– 321, 323n , 325, 327, 330– 337, 350, 352
• Norway (see also under ERP , NATO , OEEC , Spain, and Western European Union):
  • Agreements with the United States respecting: Double taxation, June 13, 713; relief supplies and packages for Norway, Oct 31, 713; U.S. Education Foundation in Norway, May 25, 713
  • Foreign military bases in peacetime, question of, 83, 92– 93, 105, 146
  • Italian colonies, disposition of former, 560, 606, 608
  • Northwest Atlantic fisheries convention, 614
  • Soviet pressure on, 123– 124, 139, 145– 146
  • Soviet proposal for nonaggression pact, 72– 73, 91, 93– 94, 122, 124, 128, 146, 187– 190
  • Sweden: Arms for Norway, 3, 26, 79; defense of Norway, 25– 26; policy toward Norway, 21
  • U.S. export control program, 350, 476n
• Nunan, Sean, 15, 90– 91
• Nuveen, John, 454– 455, 464
• Nygaard, Eigil, 186– 189, 191, 271
• Ockrent, Roger, 455
• Ohly, John H., 9– 10
• Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) (see also ERP ):
  • Anglo-American zones of occupation in Germany (Bizonia), participation of, 386, 397
  • Austrian role, 241, 386, 397
  • Belgian role, 241, 269, 369– 370; 375, 384– 387, 397– 424 passim, 431– 432, 438, 453, 455– 456, 459, 462, 464– 465, 796
  • Benelux role, 437
  • British role, 241, 340, 347, 369– 453 passim, 460– 466, 468n , 470– 471, 473, 489– 491, 494, 496, 652, 655, 659, 661, 717, 793, 799, 808
  • Committee of Nine, 369– 370, 373
  • Commodity, import requirements, 429
  • Conditional aid, 403– 407
  • Consultative Group, 346, 374– 375, 380– 381, 394, 401– 403, 406, 427, 441, 449– 450, 452, 455, 459, 464, 467– 468
  • Convertibility of currencies, problems regarding, 383– 384, 387, 395– 398, 403– 404, 406, 419n , 490– 491, 798– 799
  • Council of Ministers, 241, 346– 347, 369– 370, 373, 375, 380– 381, 397, 400, 402– 403, 405– 407, 411, 427, 429– 432, 438, 440– 442, 445, 449– 450, 456– 457, 459, 461, 464, 467
  • Counterpart funds, utilization of, 427, 446, 461
  • Customs union, proposed, 778
  • Danish role, 241, 386, 622, 624
  • Director General, proposed appointment of, 412n , 415– 416, 422– 423, 425, 430– 432, 434– 436, 441– 443, 447– 450, 452– 456, 459, 464– 468
  • Dollar deficit problem, 421, 448, 454, 470, 798
  • Drawing rights, questions regarding transferability of, 383– 384, 386– 387, 395– 397, 399, 403– 407, 440, 447, 457– 458, 461, 799
  • Dual price problem, 460– 462, 490, 659, 717
  • ECA role, 184, 241, 257, 378– 430 passim, 438– 439, 443– 451, 456– 458, 461– 462, 472– 473, 490, 622, 645, 657– 659, 777, 799
  • European exchange rates, 377– 379, 382^ 383, 391– 394, 397– 400, 404, 413– 414, 420– 421, 423, 427, 439, 449
  • ERP program, 184, 449, 661
  • Executive Committee, 375, 377, 380– 381, 401, 446, 457, 459
  • Foreign exchange liberalization pool ($150 million), utilization of, 657– 658
  • French role, 241, 370n , 371, 375, 379– 380, 386, 397, 400– 401, 404– 405, 407, 410, 419, 421– 422, 425, 437, 441, 443, 461, 463– 467, 470, 652, 657, 659, 661, 664, 680, 686, 796
  • Greek role, 241, 386, 397
  • Icelandic role, 241
  • International cartels, questions regarding possible reestablishment, 443– 446, 454
  • Intra-European trade and payments programs, 112, 149, 196– 197, 249, 258, 287, 344, 347, 372– 374, 377n , 382– 387, 394– 423 passim 439– 440, 445– 446, 449, 457– 458, 461, 470, 657– 658, 662, 778, 782, 784, 796– 798, 835
  • Irish role, 241, 292, 441
  • Italian role 241, 371, 380, 386, 410, 410, 437, 465, 407, 548, 842n
  • Luxembourg role, 241, 397
  • Military expenditures, nonuse of ECA funds for, 389
  • Multilateral trade policies, proposals regarding, 376– 377, 381, 383, 386– 387, 392, 398, 400– 402, 406, 419n , 449, 461
  • Netherlands role, 241, 380, 386, 397, 405, 407, 410– 411, 427, 441, 446
  • Norwegian role, 241, 386, 397, 427, 465, 467
  • Overseas territories, development of, 450– 451
  • Participating countries, 343, 381, 385, 387– 391, 396– 397, 400– 405, 407n , 413– 415, 419– 420, 427– 428, 436– 467 passim, 492, 794, 797– 798, 808, 814– 815, 817– 819, 826– 827, 829
  • Payments Committee, 385– 387, 396– 397 401– 403
  • Portuguese role, 241, 386, 408, 411, 465, 467, 716
  • Restrictive business and trade policies, question of, 375– 376, 378, 381, 388, 391– 394, 401, 404, 406, 413, 419– 420, 423, 439– 440, 443, 445– 446, 448, 454– 455, 457– 458, 490– 491, 657, 659, 662, 686, 798, 814– 815, 818
  • Scandinavian role, 371, 441, 462
  • Secretariat, 408, 418, 465
  • Secretary-General, 376, 407, 450, 465, 467
  • Swedish role, 241, 377,