Foreign Relations of the United States, 1949, Western Europe,
Volume IV
Index
- Abbott, Douglas C., 801–802, 820, 832–833
- Acheson, Dean G.:
- British financial crisis, 654–655, 787,
790–793,
795–799,
801–803,
806n
, 820, 826n
, 832–839, 841n
, 845, 847–848, 850
- Council of Europe, 317–318
- European Recovery Program, 238, 374, 378,
380, 382–383, 391, 394–395, 399,
409, 411, 412n
, 415, 421–468
passim, 714
- France: Economic and political situation, 633, 635, 646, 651,
661, 668, 689; U.S. policy, 626, 642,
656, 660–661, 663–665
- German question, 442n
, 447n
- Iceland, U.S. and North Atlantic security interests in, 314n
- Italian colonies, disposition of former, 528, 530, 534–538, 551–552, 554, 556–557, 562,
564, 569, 571, 579–586, 591–602, 604–607, 610
- Italian relations with Yugoslavia, 503
- Labor movement in Italy, U.S. interest in the formation of
non-Communist, 704, 711
- Meeting of U.S. ambassadors at Paris, 469–472, 478, 496
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 41–44, 46–48, 50–51, 60–68, 73–74, 76–77, 81–89, 91, 93, 102–110, 114–145
passim, 151–179
passim, 185–187, 189–194, 201–203, 205,
209–214,
217–222,
224, 233–237, 239, 242–244, 248,
253–255,
261–297
passim, 307–309, 318–329, 345–346, 350–353, 362–366
- Secretary of State, appointment as, 4n
- Sovereignty in Western Europe, question of merger of, 472
- Soviet atom bomb, 473n
- Spanish question, 723–749
passim, 753–754, 756,
758–759,
762–763,
766, 768
- Trieste question, 497–525
passim
- U.S. military assistance program, 48,
112, 136, 146, 165, 183–184, 194–197, 224,
229, 248, 250–251, 258–261, 267–269, 288,
294–301,
304–305,
310, 341, 351–352, 360–362, 364–365, 660–661, 670–671, 681
- Western European Union, 44–45, 48, 53, 60, 64, 101, 106–107, 110–113, 310–311, 339, 342,
344–346,
348–349,
371
- Achilles, Theodore C., 1, 23–24, 69,
107–108, 113, 121, 135n
, 198, 255,
267, 271, 291, 311, 325–326, 328, 356, 434n
, 504, 522n
, 583–584,
666n
, 758, 763–765, 849n
- Adenauer, Konrad, 487
- Afanasyev, Sergey Alekseyevich, 53, 91
- Afghanistan, 560–561
- Africa, 451, 528,
549, 584, 605, 717, 832
- Agriculture, (U.S.) Department of, 832
- Airey, Gen. Terence, 500–507
- Aklilou, Abte Wold, 588
- Ala, Hussein, 62n
- Alaska, 5, 14, 194, 205
- Alessandrini, Adolfo, 580
- Alexander, Albert V., 138–139, 358
- Algeria (see also under
NATO
), 541
- Allen, George V., 725–726
- Alphand, Hervé 410, 654, 667, 677n
- Alsop, Joseph W., Jr., 338n
, 666
- Alsop, Stewart J. O., 338n
, 666
- American Federation of Labor (A.F. of L.), 707, 710–711
- American Republics (see also Latin
American subheadings under Italian colonies, etc., and
Spain), 158, 172–173; 185, 207–208, 731, 733, 738
- Anderson, Hans, 202–203, 225, 271
- Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 542–543, 553, 555, 575, 582, 585, 596–597, 602
- Angola, 716–717
- Ansiaux, Hubert, 385–387, 395n
- Antonini, Luigi, 705
- Arab states (see also under Italian colonies, etc.;
Cyrenaica, Libya, and
Tripolitania), 733
- Arce, José, 723–724
- Argentina, 560, 589, 723, 729, 836
- Army, (U.S.) Department of the, 294, 505
- Atherton, Ray, 743
- Atomic energy, U.S. development of, 617
- Atomic weapons: Soviet production of, 429,
473–475, 477, 480, 761; stockpiling of bombs, 263; utilization of, 263, 357, 363–364, 776
- Attlee, Clement R., 138, 452n
, 465, 790,
801, 840–841
- Austin, Warren R., 237, 497, 551, 586–588, 591, 593, 602–605, 737–739
- Australia, 290, 560, 606, 724, 784, 809, 814
- Austria, 241, 378–379, 386, 397, 616, 773
- Austrian peace treaty, 499–500, 508
- Azores: Strategic importance of, 313; U.S. military facilities in, 201, 238n
, 239, 242–243; utilization during World War
II, 275; war fears, 292
- Baldanzi, George, 705
- Baldwin, Charles F., 500–502, 504, 511–514, 515n
- Bang-Jensen, Povl, 1–3, 198, 206,
210, 271
- Bao Dai, 495–496
- Baraibar, Gérman, 753–754
- Barbour, Walworth, 504
- Barclay, Roderick E., 271, 325, 758
- Bartlett, Frederic P., 59
- Baruch, Herman B., 163, 165–166, 178–179, 225, 233, 258, 303–304, 635
- Barzani, Mustafa, 235
- Baumgartner, Wilfrid, 643, 680
- Bay, C. Ulrick, 6–7,
34–36, 51, 60–62, 91–94, 121–122, 145–146, 303–304
- Beam, Jacob D., 265, 267
- Bear Island, strategic importance of, 98, 100
- Bebler, Aleš 517, 519, 521–525
- Bech, Joseph, 271, 285, 306
- Bech-Friis, Johan H., 36n
, 37
- Belgian Congo, 14, 43, 617
- Belgium (see also
Belgian Congo
and
Benelux
and under
NATO
,
OEEC
, Spain, and
Western European Union):
- Agreements with the United States: American dead in World War II,
Jan. 17 and 31,
617; surplus property settlement,
May 12, 617
- Dollar transfers from the United Kingdom, 809
- Economic and commercial negotiations with France, Italy, and the
Netherlands, 656–658, 666
- Italian colonies, disposition of former, 560
- Political situation, 409, 411–412, 415–416, 425, 431,
436, 447
- U.S. export controls program, 476n
, 480n
- Bell, Harry H., 831
- Benediktsson, Bjarni, 22, 68, 84, 202–206, 225–229, 233n
, 236–237,
248, 271, 285, 314
-
Benelux (Belgium, Netherlands,
Luxembourg): Belgian credits to, 406; ECA aid for, 238;
exchange convertibility with France and Italy, proposed, 349, 419, 423, 490–491; meeting, 238;
progress, 458; U.S. export controls program,
483; U.S. policy 343, 666
- Bérard, Armand, 4, 271, 291
- Berkner, Lloyd V., 830
- Berlin: ECA assistance for
western sectors of, question of, 487; inclusion
of western sectors in the Federal Republic of Germany, question of, 486–487; U.S. policy,
473, 486
- Berlin blockade by the Soviet Union, 94, 481, 485, 808; U.S. airlift, 162, 481, 486
- Bermuda, 158–159
- Berthoud, Eric A., 442
- Bevin, Ernest: Anglo-American-Canadian financial talks, 655; British financial crisis, 790–793, 795–796, 800, 805–806, 832, 842; Council of Europe, 418, 443; European Recovery Program,
137, 349, 371–372, 416, 418, 425–456
passim, 465; German
question, 447n
; Indonesian question, 260; Italian
colonies, disposition of former, 526–529, 536–538, 545, 552–554, 556–557, 559–560, 562, 565, 567n
, 584, 593,
596–601, 603–604, 606, 610; North
Atlantic Treaty Organization, 44, 48, 159, 209–210, 270–271, 273, 275, 278, 280, 285, 307, 317, 322, 325–326, 339; Scandinavian union, attitude toward, 71; security of Greece, Turkey, and Iran, 175–177; Spanish
question, 723–724,
730, 734, 758–759; Trieste
question, 519; U.S. military assistance program,
136–137, 147, 163, 165–166, 178–179, 183, 224–225, 229–232, 245, 247, 310, 365; Western European Union, 42, 44–45,
290, 306–307, 310–311, 339, 346–348, 372, 433
- Bidault, Georges, 677, 678n
, 680
- Bigart, Homer, 752
- BillOtte, Gen. Pierre, 294–295
- Bingham, George B., 443, 444n
, 464, 647–653, 671–673, 675, 677n
, 678–680,
686–689
- Bissell, Richard M., 377–580, 383, 408, 412–418, 471, 643, 688, 806n
- Blackley, Travers Robert, 528, 567
- Blaine, James G., 258
- Blanco, Carrero, 755
- Bliss, Don G., 59, 806n
- Blum, Robert, 677
- Boheman, Erik C., 27, 37, 63, 89–90
- Bohlen, Charles E., 3–5, 48n
, 64, 66, 68–73, 79, 83, 102n
, 105, 108–109, 113–115, 193, 198–206, 210, 225, 227, 255–257, 271, 291, 472, 478–479, 482, 493, 681–682, 725–727, 740–742
- Bolivia, 560, 742,
749
- Bonbright, James C. H., 320, 721
- Bonesteel, Charles H., 3d, 15–16, 58,
136, 184, 244–245, 305, 472, 482–483, 491
- Bonnet, Henri, 3–5,
29, 31–34, 76–77, 83–87, 107–108, 120–121, 123–125, 127, 129–135, 151–152, 155–156, 159–161, 167, 169, 171–173, 185–188, 192, 214–215, 219–222, 245n
, 265, 271,
285, 307, 309, 318, 338–339, 475, 654, 663–666
- Bonsal, Philip W., 136, 165, 178, 244, 375, 408, 454–455
- Bouzanquet, 668–669
- Boyd, John Gordon, 519–520
- Bradley, Gen. Omar N., 294, 308, 357–358
- Bray, William H., 830–832
- Brazil, 560, 606,
733, 742, 747, 749, 757
- Bream, Gray, 198, 206, 225
- Brewster, Owen, 259, 269
- British Commonwealth, 90, 158, 168, 173, 185, 338–340, 347–350, 364, 371, 392, 433, 437–438, 469, 471, 484, 491, 493, 664, 724, 730–731, 790–817
passim, 829
854
- British Empire, 437, 485, 493, 815
- Brittain, Sir Henry, 57
- Bromley, T. E., 210–211
- Brooks, James R., 650
- Brace, David K. E., 56, 303–304, 306, 342–344, 431, 437, 442–443, 464, 472, 474n
, 479, 491,
494–496, 512n
, 630, 637–638, 641–643, 645–646, 649, 651–652, 661–670, 677–678, 680–682, 689–691
- Bruce, Howard, 388
- Brussels Pact. see
Western European Union.
- Bryn, Dag, 69, 71,
102, 105–106
- Budget, (U.S.) Bureau of the, 150
- Bulleri, Romolo, 705, 708
- Burma, 417, 560,
608
- Buset, Max, 432
- Butrick, Richard P., 22, 68
- Butterworth, W. Walton, 725
- Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, 560,
742
- Byington, Homer M., 504n
- Cadogan, Sir Alexander, 497
- Caeiro da Matta, José, 19–20, 179–180, 201, 243, 271, 274–277, 285, 714
- Caffery, Jefferson, 42–43, 45–46,
53, 56, 122, 124n
, 146–150,
225, 233, 266, 288–289, 459n
, 626–638,
640, 646n
, 721
- Caine, Sir Sidney, 781
- Canada (see also under
NATO
, Spain, and
United Kingdom): British financial crisis, effect
of, 787, 789–790, 811, 814, 821; economic
and financial assistance to the United Kingdom, 485, 784;Italian colonies,
disposition of former, 154, 560; Northwest Atlantic fisheries convention,
614; U.S. Canadian Joint Defense Board, 316; U.S. export control program, 350; Western European Union, relationship to,
471
- Canham, Erwin B., 739
- Canini Giovanni, 704–705, 708, 710
- Cannon, Cavendish, 512n
, 516n
, 517–518,
521n
- Cappelleti, Alessandro, 705, 708
- Carinthia, Yugoslav claim to, 508, 512n
- Carmognola, Luigi, 705
- Carter, Pat, 246
- Castellani, Vittorio, 501–503, 511
- Castro, Fernandez, 464, 467
- Catalano, Felice, 612
- Cattani, Attilio, 410
- Cavour, Count Camillo Benso di, 519
- Ceylon, 528
- Chapin, Selden, 463
- Chase National Bank, 729
- Chauvel, Jean, 53, 123
- Cherrière, Maj. Gen. Paid, 681
- Chile, 560, 738
- China, 218, 560
- Chinese Communists, 477, 495, 690
- Chipman, Norris B., 635n
- Christelow, Allan, 781
- Clacton International Socialist Conference, 704
- Clark, Clyde L., 768–771
- Clay, Gen. Lucius D., 305
- Clemens, George, 673
- Clutton, George L., 526, 528, 566–567, 581–582, 587, 602–604, 610–612
- Cochin China, 495–496
- Cochran, H. Merle, 260, 268–269
- Cohen, Benjamin V., 425, 738–739
- Collier, Sir Laurence, 36, 51, 60
- Collisson, Norman H., 389, 407
- Colombia, 560, 608, 742, 749
- Combined Chiefs of Staff (U.S.–U.K.), 108,
120, 256, 263, 294
- Commerce, (U.S.) Department of, 421, 832
- Committee for European Economic Cooperation, 448
- Communist Information Bureau (Com-inform): Break with Tito and the
Yugoslav Communist Party, 473, 477, 494n
, 516, 522;
France, policy toward, 669; Trieste Communist
Party, domination of, 500, 505; Warsaw Conference (1947), 636
- Communist International (Comintern), 636–637, 691
- Congress (U.S.): Brewster amendment, 259, 269; British financial crisis, 795, 799, 832; Economic Cooperation Administration, 370, 483; European
exchange rates, 382; European Recovery Program,
409–436
passim, 445, 466, 471, 489–490, 492–493, 656–658, 759, 826; Foreign
Assistance Act, 376; House Foreign Affairs
Committee, 113, 174,
642; Indonesian question, 251, 259, 269; Italian colonies, disposition of former,
529–530, 533; North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 33, 47, 73; 77, 81, 103–104, 119, 147, 266, 298, 308, 307, 309, 311, 363–365; Senate, 103,
107, 109, 113–114, 132, 135, 152, 158–159, 162, 190, 198, 281n
, 289, 303,
309, 311; Senate
Appropriations Committee, 760n
; Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 73,
75–76, 80, 82, 110, 114, 117, 153, 172n
, 174, 177,
186, 296, 303, 832; Spanish
question, 746, 759;
U.S. budget, 668; U.S. military assistance
program, 16, 49–50, 55, 58, 71, 106, 111–112, 147, 140–150, 163, 208, 212–213, 259, 266–267, 287–289, 295–296, 298–299, 302–303, 309, 312–313, 318, 320–321, 324, 326, 429, 478, 627, 635, 640, 642, 830; war powers,
103–104, 109, 205, 248; Western European Union, 253, 656–657
- Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), 707, 710–711
- Connally, Tom, 64, 73–74, 84–86, 108–110, 114–115, 117, 128n
, 141–142,
298, 339, 746
- Conolly, Adm. Richard L., 118–119, 234, 244, 640
- Consultative Council of Foreign Ministers. see
under
Western European Union.
- Corsica, 151
- Costa Rica, 219, 560
- Council of Europe: Assembly, 102; Belgian participation, 297, 418, 438; British
participation, 297, 339–340, 347, 372, 418, 443, 652; Committee of Ministers, 102,
339, 346, 372, 418, 438; Consultative Assembly, 317, 347, 372, 438; Danish participation, 297; development of, 40–41, 45,
48, 60, 101, 306, 372, 465, 467; French participation, 297, 548, 652, 664; Irish participation, 292, 297; Italian
participation, 144, 297, 349; Luxembourg participation,
297; meetings, 147, 418, 424, 441, 443; members, 297; Netherlands
participation, 297; Norwegian participation,
297; President, 431; seat of, 102; statute, May 5, 297, 347; Swedish participation, 297; U.S. policy, 343, 470, 473, 483, 490, 664, 666; West German
participation, question of, 490
- Council of Foreign Ministers (CFM):
Austrian question, 473n
; Germany, 473n
; Italian colonies, disposition of former, 563; meeting at Paris, 306, 395n
, 556n
, 745n
, 784n
; Soviet position, 808; Trieste question,
508; union of British and Italian
Somaliland, proposed, 576
- Couve de Murville, Maurice, 271, 320, 425
- Cripps, Sir Stafford, 59, 138, 165–166, 225, 326, 346, 369–371, 375–376, 380–381, 392, 394–395, 399–402, 411n
, 416, 425,
430–432, 434n
, 435, 437–438, 440–442, 451n
, 456, 461–462, 464–466, 468n
, 655, 659,
784, 786, 788, 790–793, 799–802, 805, 810, 820, 832–833, 839–840, 849, 852
- Cuba, 560
- Culbertson, Paul T., 727–730, 735n
, 744n
, 745–747,
750–753, 759–762, 763n
, 766–771
- Cumming, Hugh S., 37
- Cyrenaica. see under Italian colonies,
etc.
- Czechoslovakia, 292, 483, 498, 560, 619, 773
- Da Costa Leite, João Pinto, 401n
, 714
- Dahomey, 676
- Dalla Chiesa, Enzo, 705, 708
- Dalton, Hugh, 41–42
- D’Andrea, Alfredo, 708
- Danvilla, Julio, 754
- D’Aragona, Ludovico, 704n
, 705
- Daridan, Jean, 670–671
- de Faria, Antonio, 271, 714
- Defense, (U.S.) Department of (National Military
Establishment), 9–10,
15, 111–112, 300, 314–315, 317, 324, 351, 450, 640, 661, 670, 725–726, 731, 830, 832
- De Gasperi, Alcide, 7–9, 23, 323–324, 329, 349–350, 509n
, 511, 526,
550–551, 565, 566n
- De Gaulle, Charles, 288–289, 630–633
- De Margerie. see
Jacquin de Margerie.
- Denfeld, Adm. Louis, 10–13, 95–97
- Denmark (see also
Greenland
and
Scandinavia
and under
ECA
,
ERP
,
NATO
,
OEEC
, Spain, and
United Nations): British oil companies, activities
of, 846; Communist Party, 619, 621; Export–Import Bank loan,
622; German refugees in Denmark and South
Schleswig, consultations regarding disposition of, 624–625; Italian colonies,
disposition of former, 560, 606; neutrality of, 619–620, 624; Northwest Atlantic fisheries convention, 614; strategic importance of, 619; Sweden, relations with, 3, 21, 25–26; trade with Poland and the
Soviet Union, 623; U.S. arms, request for, 619–620, 624; U.S. export control program, 476n
, 623; U.S. policy, 618–624
- Dennett, Raymond, 421
- Devinat, Paul, 633–634, 651–652
- Dickinson, Edward T., 402, 667
- Dimitrov, Gheorghi, 637
- Dominican Republic, 560, 613
- Don Juan, 754–756,
760, 767–771
- Donnelly, Col. C. H., 352
- Double taxation agreements, 703, 713
- Douglas, Lewis W.: British financial crisis, 784–790, 792–793, 795–797, 800, 802–805, 850–852; European Recovery Program, 391–394, 397n
, 430–431,
433–434, 435–437, 443, 448n
, 451–454,
465; Italian colonies, disposition of
former, 554–556,
566–567, 569–571, 581–582, 603, 605, 607; meeting of U.S. ambassadors, 472, 474–475, 477–478, 482–485, 489, 491, 493; Trieste
question, 509n
; U.S. military assistance program, 110,
112, 136–139, 146, 163, 165–166, 179, 183–184, 195, 224–225, 229–233, 244–253, 258, 267–268, 295–296, 301–304, 310, 322, 635; Western European Union, 9, 59, 101–102, 106, 107n
, 310–311,
342, 344, 348, 371
- Dowling, Walter C., 23, 253, 532
- Dulles, John Foster, 544–551, 556–557, 638, 738, 739n
- Dunham, William B., 731n
, 735n
, 753–754,
758n
, 763–765
- Dunn, James Clement: Devaluation of the British pound, Italian reaction
to, 842n
; European Recovery Program, 434n
, 437; Italian colonies, disposition of
former, 550, 562,
564–566; Italian
relations with Yugoslavia, 503–504; labor movement in Italy, U.S. interest in
the formation of a non-Communist, 704–705, 706n
, 711; meetings of U.S. ambassadors, 472, 474–475, 488–489; North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 7–8, 18, 144, 323n
, 329; Trieste question, 509n
, 512n
, 515–520,
524n
; U.S. military assistance program, 303–304; Western European Union, 343–344, 349–350
- Economic Commission for Europe (ECE), 241, 444
- Economic Cooperation Act of 1948, 389, 412, 414, 419, 679, 836
- Economic Cooperation Administration (EGA) (see also
ERP
and under
OEEC
): Benelux, aid for, 238; Berlin, question of assistance for western
sectors of, 487; British position in ECA program, 344,
369, 372, 411n
, 745, 784–785, 790, 793, 795, 799, 802, 809, 813, 815–816, 819, 836, 839, 844, 852; counterpart funds,
utilization of, 637, 640–641, 643–645, 647–653, 671–674, 678–680, 682–686, 688–689; Danish cooperation, 622, 624; economic
objectives, 667, 807–808, 815; French policy, 642–643, 745; German
problem, 470; Iceland, aid for, 693, 697–699, 701; Italian
non-Communist labor movement, interest in, 710;
meeting of European Mission Chiefs, Oct. 20, 426–429, 473; missions in individual countries, 56, 374, 644, 647–653, 667, 671n
, 672–674,
676, 682, 685n
, 688–689,
707, 715, 717, 806;
Netherlands, aid for, 238, 259, 269; Office of the Special
Representative in Europe (OSR), 15, 54, 112, 257, 373, 375–376, 380n
, 387n
, 388n
, 397, 402,
404, 407–408, 411–412, 428, 440, 445–447, 456–458, 468n
, 638–639,
641, 651, 674, 677, 686, 841, 844; overseas territories, questions regarding
ECA assistance for, 672–673, 675–677, 686–688, 716–717; Portugal,
aid for, 238n
; 714–715;
U.S. export control program, 482; U.S. military
assistance program, coordination of ECA
program with, 112, 147, 225, 295, 300, 367–368, 661, 667
- Ecuador, 560
- Eden, Anthony, 841n
- Egypt, 14, 392,
417, 529–531, 533, 545, 560, 831
- Eisenhower, Gen. of the Army Dwight D., 294
- El Salvador, 560
- Ely, Gen. Paul R., 670–671
- Erhardt, John G., 464
- Eritrea. see under Italian colonies,
etc.
- Erkin, Feridun C., 117–120, 234–235, 359–360
- Ethiopia. see under Italian colonies, etc. Eritrea
and
Italian Somaliland.
- European Recovery Program (ERP, Marshall Plan) (see also
ECA
and
OEEC
): Benelux attitude toward, 238; bilateral agreements, 380, 385, 454, 778; British role, 137, 367, 369n
, 372, 390,
410, 435, 784, 795; Communist
opposition to, 669; counterpart funds,
utilization of, 628, 637–638; Danish participation, 624; French participation, 627–628, 663, 688–689; Iceland, assistance to, 696,
698–699; Irish
attitude, 292; Italian participation, 367; Norwegian role, 70; offshore procurement, 207, 397, 826; Portuguese
attitude, 715, 718;
rearmament of Western Europe, coordination of plans concerning, 14–17, 49–50, 54–57, 106, 149–150, 195, 257–258, 267–268, 367–368; Soviet
opposition to, 52, 390, 439; Spanish participation,
question of, 722, 728, 732, 734, 737, 759, 762, 765; Swedish attitude, 777–779; Trieste, assistance to Anglo-American zone
of, 505; U.S. policy, 78, 240–241, 251–252, 259–260, 268, 297, 299, 339, 362, 365, 374–376, 388, 390–391, 398, 414, 426, 471, 478, 489, 491–492, 544, 627, 647, 656, 677, 772, 783–784, 789, 797, 827, 832, 849
- Evatt, Herbert, 734n
- Export-Import Bank of Washington, 622, 730, 735–736, 744–746, 750, 762–766
- Fales, Herbert P., 90
- Fanfani, Amitori, 708
- Far East, 256, 474, 480, 489, 494, 806, 831–832
- Faravelli, Giuseppe, 705
- Faroe Islands, defense and security of, 21,
25, 69, 194
- Faure, Edgar, 643
- Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany): Allied High
Commission, 454, 486, 488; Berlin, relationship to, 486–487; British
policy, 487, 660;
coal exports, pricing of, 475, 662–664, 843; decartelization program, 454; devaluation of the German mark, 338, 475, 662–664, 843; discrimination problem, 473; dismantling problem, 473, 487–488, 490, 660; dumping problem, 473; economic
policies, 659; establishment of, 485–486; French
policy, 470, 472,
487–488, 662–664, 843; Government, 486;
Social Democrats, 487; Soviet atomic bomb
explosion, reaction to, 475; U.S. policy, 469–471, 487–488
- Federal Reserve Bank, 658
- Federal Reserve Board, 373n
- Federal Reserve system, 832
- Fezzan. see under Italian colonies, etc.
- Figueiredo, José Duarte, 271
- Finland, 36, 63,
89, 98, 122, 774–775
- Finletter, Thomas K., 56, 59, 258, 370, 390–391
- Flückiger, Col. Hermann, 499, 505
- Foley, Edward H., 803, 845, 847
- Foreign Assistance Act, 376
- Foreign Assistance Correlation Committee (FACC), 16, 110, 184, 195–197, 257, 295, 301, 304–305, 341, 639, 667–668, 748–749
- Foreign Assistance Steering Committee (FASC), 14n
16, 54, 112, 247, 301, 304–305
- Forrestal, James V., 10, 14, 16, 37,
39n
, 49, 95, 100, 112–413, 161, 636
- Forslev, Maj. Gen. C. C. J., 206
- Foster, William C., 349, 385–387, 389, 408, 450–451, 464, 651n
, 653, 661,
673–674, 682–686, 688n
, 806n
, 845, 847
- France (see also French subheadings under individual
countries and subjects):
- Agreements with the United States: Maritime claims and litigation,
Mar. 14, 691;
settlement of certain financial claims and accounts, Mar. 14, 691
-
Confédération Française des Travailleurs
Chrétiens (CFTC), 668
-
Confédération Générale des Cadres (CGC), 668
-
Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT), 479,
668
- Council of the Republic, 107, 318, 320
- Devaluation of the French franc (1948),
842, 848
- Economic and commercial negotiations with Belgium, Italy, and the
Netherlands, 656–658, 666, 680
- Economic and financial stabilization programs, 480, 627–652
passim, 661–663, 668,
678–680,
682–686
- Economic Cooperation Administration program for imports for French
West Africa, 672–673, 675–677, 686–688
- Elections, 634–635
- Exchange convertibility with Italy and Benelux, 349, 419, 423,
490–491
-
Force Ouvriére (FO), 668–669
- Germany, policy toward, 109, 253, 266,
339, 345, 487, 490, 659–660, 664–665
- Italy, customs union with, 253, 349, 458,
548
- National Assembly, 107. 147, 320,
479, 626, 628, 636, 646, 651, 667
- Northwest Atlantic fisheries convention, 614
- Political parties: Communists, 303,
479–480,
627, 633–634, 636–637, 665, 668–669, 689–691, 722,
814; Gaullists, 665; Independents, 646; Mouvement Republicain
Populaire (MRP), 632; Radical
Socialists, 632; Rassemblement du Peuple Francais (RPF), 632; Socialists, 632,
634
- Political situation, 415, 630–637, 646, 661–662, 665,
668–669,
671n
, 672, 689–691
- Soviet policy, 627, 636–637
- Swiss loan, 678
- Trade policies, 655
- United Kingdom, policy toward, 475
- United States: Export control program, 350, 476, 480, 482;
loan, 632, 638–639, policy toward, 338–339, 345, 663–666; stockpiling program, French interest
in, 655
- Franco, Francisco, 721–770
passim Franco, Nicolas, 254–255, 747
- François-Poncet, André, 488, 662
- Franks, Sir Oliver S., 29–33, 77–79,
84, 87, 114–115, 127, 130–132, 151–178
passim, 185–187, 189–191, 210, 215–218, 220–222, 271, 285, 325, 346, 360–362, 365, 435, 441, 447, 528–531, 538, 593n
, 596–602,
604, 758, 797, 832
- French Guinea, 676
- French Indochina, 296, 480, 494–496, 571, 626, 644–645, 660, 669, 683, 689–690
- French Morocco, 541, 676, 691
- French Niger, 676
- French North Africa, 560–571, 574, 581, 584, 676
- French Sudan, 676
- French Union, 495–496
- French West Africa, 672–673, 675–677, 686–688
- Gaither, Brig. Ridgely, 502
- Galloway, William J., 271, 315, 451, 681–682
- Garrett, George A., 15n
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), conference at Annecy, 391n
, 623
- George, Walter F., 128, 141, 162
- German Democratic Repulic (East Germany), 343, 475, 477, 486, 488–489, 690
- Germany (see also
Berlin, Berlin blockade,
etc., Federal Republic of Germany, and
German Democratic Republic): Anglo-American zones
of occupation (Bizonia), 659; British policy,
290, 345;
division of, 473; French policy, 109, 253, 266, 339, 345, 487, 490, 659–660; French zone of occupation, 624; Soviet policy, 262, 489, 690, 773; Soviet zone of occupation,
199, 778; U.S.
policy, 109, 202,
345, 473, 507; unity of, 486–487, 489
- Gibraltar, 32
- Glendinning, C. Dillon, 781
- Gomez, Trifon; 740–742, 767
- Gordon, Lincoln, 408, 426, 428–429
- Gorizia, Yugoslav claim to, 508, 522–523
- Grant, Col. Walter, 294
- Greece (see also under
NATO
,
OEEC
, and
Western European Union): British military forces
in, 162; British policy, 557; civil war, 473, 476; Italian colonies, disposition of former,
560; security of, U.S. policy regarding,
13, 24, 27, 46, 103, 175–178, 209–210, 233, 235–236, 244, 270–271, 529; Soviet
pressure on, 94, 235,
270, 477, 499; United Nations Special Committee on the
Balkans (UNSOOB), 477; U.S. economic and
military assistance, 117n
, 207, 234,
297–299, 478, 831; U.S.
military forces in, 162; Yugoslav policy, 512n
- Greene, Joseph N., 504, 507–508, 519–522, 568
- Greenland: Danish sovereignty over, 621–622; defense and security of;
21, 25–26, 69, 77, 82, 84, 88, 97–100, 109, 128, 194, 200–201, 205, 211, 621–622; purchase by the United States, question of,
621; strategic importance of, 313, 618, 621; U.S. military base rights land facilities,
98, 101, 200–201, 211–212, 621
- Gronchi, Giovanni, 705
- Gros, André, 681
- Gross, Ernest A., 16, 48–50, 58–59, 71,
102n
, 105, 174,
194, 198–199, 206–210, 212–213, 236–237, 245n
, 271, 626,
725, 820n
- Grotewohl, Otto, 690
- Gruber, Karl, 464
- Gruenther, Maj. Gen. Alfred M., 121, 255, 301, 319, 670
- Guatemala, 560, 608
- Guidotti, Gastone, 271, 337, 518, 546
- Guindey, Guillaume, 654
- Gunneng, Arne, 69
- Gutt, Camille, 382, 397–398, 424, 656–657
- Haile Selassie I., 575, 587–588, 594, 596, 603
- Haiti, 559–560
- Halaby, N. E., 356–358
- Hall, Robert, 781
- Hall, William O., 121
- Hall-Patch, Sir Edmund L., 410, 431–432, 453
- Hare, Raymond A., 554
- Harmony, Col. John W., 319
- Harriman, W. Averell: British financial crisis, 786n
, 791–793,
795, 797n
, 799, 802,
805, 843;
European Recovery Program, 367–408
passim, 415–467
passim, 641–642, 645, 654, 658–659, 673, 677–678, 680, 714–719; meeting of U.S. ambasadors, 472, 474, 478–479, 481–483, 489–491, 493–494; North
Atlantic Treaty Organization, 350; U.S. military
assistance program, 14–16, 56, 59,
106, 113, 136–139, 146, 148–150, 163, 165–166, 184, 225, 233, 244–249, 258, 266–267, 296, 301–304, 310, 342, 634
- Harvey, Sir Oliver Charles, 442, 842
- Hebard, William B., 781
- Hedtoft, Hans Christian, 63, 140–141
- Henderson, Alexander I., 16
- Henderson, J. N., 271
- Hensel, H. Struve, 506
- Hickerson, John D., 1–3, 23–25,
39n
, 40n
, 48n
, 66, 68–69, 72, 79, 84, 90–£l, 102n
, 113, 120–121, 134–135, 154, 157–158, 167, 173–174, 176–177, 188, 193, 198–205, 210, 221–222, 225–229, 236, 253–255, 271, 291, 504–507, 630, 721, 725, 730–735
- Hiiss, Abdulla, 583
- Hirschfeld, H. M., 410–411
- Ho Chi Minh, 495
- Hoffman, Paul G., 14, 16, 257, 301, 304, 342, 350, 367–369, 373–374, 377–380, 383–385, 395–397, 400–401, 407–409, 412–418, 421, 425–429, 436–469
passim, 637–643, 647–650, 654–660, 671–673, 675–678, 686, 688, 791, 795–796, 803, 826n
, 832
- Hoge, Maj. Gen. William M., 507n
, 513–514
- Holmes, Julius C., 9, 44–45, 56,
244, 304–306, 339–342, 360, 364–365, 429, 463–464, 526–528, 610–611, 663, 665, 705n
, 839–843
- Honduras, 560
- Hong Kong, 806, 831
- Hoyer-Millar, Sir Frederic. see
Millar, Sir Frederic Hoyer.
- Huebner, Lt. Gen. C. R., 244, 247–248, 301–304
- Hulley, Benjamin M., 1, 24, 27n
, 69, 88–89, 102n
, 135n
, 193, 198,
202–203, 210, 225
236
- Humelsine, Carlisle H., 177–178, 820n
- Huse, Robert, 639, 647, 688
- Hvass, Frants, 193, 198, 206, 210, 271
- Iceland (see also under
NATO
,
OEEC
, and
Spain):
- Communist coup d’état, threat of, 313–315
- Communist party, 695–696, 698,
700–701
-
ECA and ERP assistance, question of, 693, 696–699, 701
- Economic situtation, 696–697
- Foreign troops or military bases during peacetime, opposition to,
314, 695
-
ICAO assistance, 700
- Italian colonies, disposition of former, 560
- Northwest Atlantic fisheries convention, 614
- Strategic position of, 228, 813, 693–694, 697
- Trade relations with: Czechoslovakia, Germany, and the United
Kingdom, 697; Italy, 699; Soviet Union, 698; Spain, 697–699
- U.S. air base facilities at Keflavik airfield, 228, 693–696, 700–701
- U.S. policy, 693–702
- India, 290, 417,
495, 528, 560, 586, 589–591, 597, 606, 717, 726, 784, 806, 809, 811, 814, 850
- Indonesian question, 163, 165–166, 178–179, 224, 230, 238, 246, 251–252, 259–261, 267–269, 296, 549–550
- Inönü, Ismet, 118–119
- Inter-American Defence Board, 219
- Inter-American system, 169
- International Authority for the Ruhr, 488
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, 802–803, 828
- International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), 700, 776
- International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 770
- International Monetary Fund, 344, 379, 382–383, 387, 397–398, 469, 490, 623, 656–657, 777, 782–784, 792, 802–803, 823, 827–829, 844
- International Refugee Organization, 776
- International Trade Organization, 381, 387, 469, 777; Charter, 375,
445, 454, 460–461, 623, 778, 834
- Inverchapel, Lord Archibald Clarkr Kerr, 433
- Iran: Italian colonies, disposition of former, 560, 606; security of, U.S.
declaration regarding, 175–178, 209–210, 233, 235–236, 244, 270–271; Soviet pressure on, 65, 94, 210, 233, 235–236, 270
- Iraq, 529, 560,
586, 589–591, 613, 831
- Ireland (see also under
ERP
,
NATO
,
OEEC
, and
Western European Union): Double taxation convention
with the United States, Sept. 13, 703; partition question, 15, 90–91,
292–293
- Israel (see also Palestine question),
560
- Italian colonies, disposition of former:
- Argentine policy, 589
- Asiatic bloc, policy of, 558–559, 561,
573, 584, 587, 606
- Bevin-Sforza agreement, 552–554, 559–560, 567n
- British policy, 476, 489, 526,
528, 539, 542–543, 551–552, 554–556, 559–560, 565,
569, 580–593, 596, 604–607, 613,
806
- Cyrenaica: Arab position, 541, 558, 587;
British military bases in, 529, 547, 564,
573, 598, 602, 609; British policy, 526,
554, 556–557, 562, 564–565, 581–582, 584,
605–607,
610; British trusteeship, proposed,
529–537,
540, 542–543, 547, 550–552, 558–559, 563,
573, 580; French policy, 526;
independence, proposed, 541, 554, 556n
557, 565,
580, 584, 605–607, 610; Italian policy,
540, 547, 562, 569, 580, 584, 610;
U.S. policy, 531–532, 534, 536, 540,
551–552,
556–557,
559, 562–563, 579, 585,
593
- Eritrea: British policy, 527–528, 565,
575, 582, 587, 596–597, 599–604, 610–611;
cession of Western province to Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, proposed, 542–543, 553, 563,
568, 575, 577, 582, 585, 596–597, 602; Egyptian policy, 575; Ethiopia, proposed cession to, 527–528, 534, 539–540, 542–543, 547–548, 551–553, 560,
563–565,
568, 574–612
passim; French policy, 527; independence, proposed, 580, 582, 584–587, 590–591, 594–595, 602–603;
Italian policy, 527–528, 539,
547–548,
558, 579–580, 584, 587,
591, 595, 610–611; multiple trusteeship, proposed, 539, 547;
Soviet policy, 586, 591; United Nations Commission of
Inquiry, 597, 599–601, 603, 606,
608, 613; United Nations trusteeship, proposed, 586, 590–591; U.S. military facilities in, 574–575, 578; U.S. policy, 532, 540, 553, 558,
563, 568, 574–575, 577, 584–587, 594, 596,
600–603,
606, 608
- Fezzan, proposed French trusteeship for, 526, 530–531, 533–534, 536,
540, 543, 547, 550–551, 553, 563–564, 567,
569, 573–574, 580–581, 585, 605
- Four Power Commission (1948), 583
- French position, 526, 533, 539,
558–560,
565, 580–581, 613
- Indian interest, 542, 586, 589–591, 597,
606
- Iraqi interest, 542, 560, 586,
589–591,
598
- Italian position, 539–542, 546–551, 558,
560, 564–565, 568–569, 579–581, 593–595
- Italian Somaliland: Advisory Council, 608; British policy, 526, 556,
575–578,
582, 604, 611–612; British trusteeship, proposed, 578–579, 582; Colombian role, 608; Egyptian policy, 606, 608;
Ethiopia, proposed cession to, 548, [Page 865]
588, 612;
French policy, 526, 545; Greater Somaliland, proposed, 556, 575–576, 578,
584; independence, proposed, 564, 585–586, 591,
608; Italian trusteeship, proposed,
527, 534, 539–540, 542–543, 545,
551–553,
558, 560n
, 563–564, 568, 575–579, 582–585, 587–589, 591–592, 594, 603,
606, 608, 611–612; Philippine policy, 608;
political situation, 582–583; Soviet policy, 586; trusteeship agreement, 613; United Nations General Assembly resolution
concerning, 608, 611–613; United Nations
trusteeship, proposed, 534, 542, 578–579, 586;
U.S. policy, 532, 534, 540, 553, 558,
563, 568, 575–579, 584–586, 592,
594, 602, 612–613
- Latin American position, 542, 558–560, 565, 570,
581, 588, 591–592, 594–595, 600,
603, 606
- Liberian position, 589, 591
- Libya (see also Italian colonies: Cyrenaica, Fezzan, etc., and
Tripolitania): Advisory Council, proposed,
568, 574, 577, 579, 585, 590, 593,
607, 610; Arab position, 545, 563, 573,
591–592,
606; British position, 474, 485,
531, 533–534, 536–537, 544–546, 558, 563,
566–573,
576–577,
581, 593, 598–599, 602, 604–607;
Egyptian position, 533, 535–536, 558, 563,
568, 573–574, 576–577, 607; foreign troops and bases, Soviet
proposal for withdrawal of, 590; French
policy, 533–534, 536, 558, 563,
568–571,
573–574,
576–577,
607, 609–610; independence,
proposed, 474, 529, 534, 537, 540–543, 545,
551–553,
559–593
passim, 607–608; Italian policy, 533–534, 541–542, 550, 568,
577, 580n
, 584, 607, 609–610; multiple trusteeship, proposed, 531, 533–534, 536–537, 546,
558–559;
Pakistani policy, 607; Soviet policy,
570, 573, 586, 589–590; strategic importance
of, 570, 572–574, 577; United Nations Commission, proposed,
599–600;
United Nations Commissioner for, 607–608, 610; United Nations General Assembly
considerations, 474, 485, 526,
533–534,
542, 551, 564, 567, 569–570, 572–574, 577,
585, 589, 593, 605–609; United Nations
trusteeship, proposed, 593; U.S. policy,
532–534,
536–538,
540–541,
551–553,
558, 561, 563–564, 568, 572–574, 576–577, 579, 585–586, 592–595, 598–603, 605,
607, 609–610; U.S. trusteeship,
proposed, 534
- Pakistani proposals, 586
- Soviet position, 542, 559–561, 589, 605,
734
- Tripolitania: Advisory Council, proposed, 553, 563, 581, 584;
Arab position, 541, 553; British administration, 534, 536;
553, 563, 582, 605; British policy, 526–530, 533,
537, 550, 556, 567, 584, 605; Egyptian interest, 529–531, 553, 563;
French policy, 526–527, 529–531, 545,
553, 563; independence, proposed, 533,
541, 580, 584, 609; Iraqi interest, 529;
Italian trusteeship, proposed, 526–585
passim, 606, 610; Lebanese interest, 529; multiple trusteeship, proposed, 530–531, 533, 536,
553; Pakistani, interest, 529; Soviet policy, 530, 533; United Nations
General Assembly considerations, 527,
529, 540, 584–585; United Nations trusteeship, proposed, 530; U.S. air base facilities at Wheelus
Field, 529, 564, 573, 609; U.S. policy, 527, 534, 541, 549–551, 553–554, 558,
563, 565, 579, 584–585, 593; U.S. trusteeship, proposed, 529–530, 532–533, 537, 541,
556; Uruguayan proposal, 553–554
- United Nations General Assembly considerations, 539–613
passim, 806
- U.S. policy, 474, 528, 534–585
passim, 591–608
- Italy (see also Italian colonies,
etc., and Italian subheadings under individual countries
and subjects):
-
Confederazione Generate Italiana del Lavoro
(CGIL), 704n
, 705n
, 708–710
- Council of Ministers, 593
- Customs Union with France, 253, 349, 458,
548
- Devaluation of the Italian lira, 476
- Economic and commercial negotiations with Belgium, France, and the
Netherlands, 656–658, 666, 680
- Exchange convertibility with France and Benelux, 349, 419, 423, 490–491
-
Federazione Italiana del Lavoro (FIL), 708–711
- Government, 8–9, 18, 23, 29–30, 32, 39, 41, 43, 48, 125–126, 144–145, 155–156, 173, 253,
323, 346, 349, 475–476, 488, 497,
501, 503, 511, 514–516, 519–522, 524, 526–529, 540,
542, 546–547, 549–550, 558, 565–566, 569,
575–576,
578–580,
594, 600, 610
- Greece, relations with, 476
- Labor movement in, U.S. interest in the formation of a unified
non-Communist, 704–711
-
Libera Confederazione Generate Italiana dei
Lavoratori (LCGIL), 704n
, 708–711
- Northwest Atlantic fisheries convention, 614
- Peace treaty, implementation or revision of, 18, 24, 30–31, 41, 43, 183, 142–143, 156,
222, 319, 497, 504–507, 510, 512n
, 514–516, 520, 523, 548,
555–556,
562–563,
567, 581, 607
- Political parties: Christian Democrats, 708–710; Communists, 254, 303,
476, 637, 704n
, 707, 709, 814; Nenni Socialists
(see
PSI ); Partito
Socialista dei Lavoratori (PSLI) (Saragat Socialists), 704–705, 708–710; Partito Socialista Italiano (PSI) (Nenni Socialists), 167, 704,
708–709;
Republicans, 704n
, 708, 710–711; Saragat Socialists
(see
PSLI); Socialists (see
PSI
and
PSLI)
- Soviet atom bomb explosion, reaction to, 475
- Strategic importance of, 13, 143–144
- Supreme Council of Defense, 323n
- U.S. export control program, 350, 476, 480n
, 482
- U.S. policy, 144–145
- Yugoslavia: Fisheries convention with, Apr.
13, 503–504, 517; naval agreement
with, 504; policy toward Italy, 253, 475–476; relations with, 503–504;
trade agreement with, 476, 504, 516–518
- Ivory Coast, 676
- Jacquin de Margerie, Roland, 566
- Japan, 455, 477
- Japanese peace treaty, 477
- Jebb, Sir Hubert Miles Gladwyn, 44–45, 48, 183, 271, 289–291, 325, 326n
, 365, 758
- Jellicoe, Earl George Patrick John Rushworth, 504, 507, 508n
, 521n
- Jernegan, John D., 117–118, 120, 209–210, 234n
, 359
- Jessup, Philip C., 265, 267, 269, 325, 423n
, 425–426,
588–589, 594–602, 605, 738, 758, 820n
- Jester, Perry N., 672
- Johnson, Louis A., 301, 304, 308, 322–323, 357–358, 362–364, 640n
- Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS): French desire
to be included on the Combined Chiefs of Staff, 294; North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 10–13, 40,
120–121, 315–317, 319, 322–323, 325–328; Scandinavian defense pact, military and
security implications of, 95–101; Tripolitania, strategic importance of, 529; U.S. military assistance program, 37, 39n
, 668; U.S. military base rights, 37–38, 39n
; U.S. representative on the Military Committee on the Western
European Union, 110
- Jones, Edgar, 781
- Jones, George L., 554
- Jonsson, Emil, 202–203, 205–206, 225, 236
- Jonsson, Eysteinn, 202–203, 225, 227–229, 236
- Joyce, Robert P., 472, 494, 504, 506
- Judd, Walter H., 500n
- Juin, Gen. Alphonse, 108, 121
- Kardelj, Edvard, 521n
- Katz, Milton, 257–258, 375, 395n
, 408–412,
464–467, 468n
, 677
- Kauffmann, Henrik de, 1n
, 17, 88, 134, 140, 157, 193, 198, 200–201, 206, 208, 210, 271, 285, 625
- Kennan, George F., 289, 301, 725–726, 820, 830, 847n
- Kenney, W. John, 443, 450, 454, 460–462, 464, 843–844
- Kenya, 578
- Kibler, Maj. Gen. A. Franklin, 57, 322
- Kirk, Adm. Alan G., 13–14, 40–41,
43–44, 60, 64, 124, 165–166, 225, 233, 238, 258, 343–344, 369n
, 423, 437,
472, 476–478, 481–482, 489, 635
- Kjoelsen, Commodore Frits Aage Hammer, 206,
209
- Kohler, Foy D., 26n
, 51–53, 65–66, 235–236, 499–500
- Kopper, Samuel K. G., 554
- Korea: Defense of South Korea, U.S. responsibility for, 24, 27, 46; Soviet policy, 235
- Kurds, 235
- Labor, (U.S.) Department of, 832
- Labouisse, Henry R., Jr., 48n
, 380–381,
397n
, 439, 845–847
- Lacoste, Robert, 650
- Landon, Maj. Gen. Truman H., 301
- Lane, Thomas A., 704–705
- Lange, Halvard Manthey, 7, 35–36, 51,
60–62, 65–73, 76–77, 79, 83, 91, 94, 102, 104–105, 109, 121–146
passim, 157, 271, 275–276, 280, 285, 464, 467, 723
- Latin America. see
American Republics; and
under Italian colonies, etc., and
Spain.
- League of Nations, 620
- Leahy, Fleet Admiral William D., 38
- Lebanon, 529, 560
- Le Gallais, Hugues, 30, 34, 80–81,
127, 151, 155, 158–160, 186, 190, 217, 221, 271, 285
- Lemnitzer, Maj. Gen. Lyman L., 16, 105, 206, 212
- Lend-Lease, 361
- Lenin, Vladimir Ilyich, 690
- Leopold III, King of the Belgians. 412, 431–432, 436
- Le Rougetel, Sir John H., 210, 233
- Liberia, 560, 589,
591
- Libya. see under Italian colonies,
etc.
- Lie, Trygve, 511n
, 514, 592
- Lippmann, Walter, 104
- Lodge, Henry Cabot, 142
- Lombardo, Ivan Matteo, 704n
, 705, 709
- Longman, Tremper, 460
- Loridan, Walter, 40–41, 43, 60,
271
- Lovett, Robert A., 4–40
passim, 48, 141, 369, 526, 704
- Luciolli, Mario, 271, 319, 579–581
- Luxembourg (see also
Benelux
and under
NATO
,
OEEC
, Spain, and
Western European Union), 560
- Macao, 720
- MacArthur, Douglas, 2d, 356–358, 423, 426n
, 473, 494,
681, 758n
- MacBride, Seán, 15n
, 292–293,
441, 464
- MacVeagh, Lincoln, 10–20, 179–182, 237–239, 242–243, 254–255, 714–715, 754
- Maddox, Maj. Gen. Ray T., 255
- Makiedo, Sergiye, 514, 515n
- Makins, Sir Roger M., 57, 138, 325, 369
- Malaya, 246, 811,
831
- Mallaby, Howard G. C., 307
- Mallet, Sir Victor Alexander Louis, 507n
, 508, 562,
565
- Malta, 32, 853
- Mangano, Philip A., 504
- Manzini, Raimondo, 532
- Marjolin, Robert E., 422–423, 432, 453, 456, 463, 658
- Marras, Gen. Efisio Luigi, 319, 346
- Marsal, Conde de, 763–765
- Manshall George C., 9, 15n
, 70, 72, 108, 117, 139, 141, 294, 306, 372, 433, 435, 727, 730, 732, 734
- Martin, Edwin M., 351, 849n
- Martin, William McC., 781, 783, 796, 806n
- Martino, Enrico, 517
- Marvel, Josiah, 6, 17, 20–22, 46–47, 139–140, 200
- Massigli, René, 340, 474, 842–843
- Mates, Leo, 508–509, 521
- Matthews, H. Freeman, 5, 25–27, 36–37, 63,
463
- Mauretania, 676
- Mayer, René, 672
- McCarran, Patrick A., 761
- McCloy, John J., 343–344, 350, 434n
, 437, 447–448, 454, 459n
, 473–475,
485–488, 494, 659, 663, 665
- McCormack, John W., 298
- McCullough, James A., 383, 781, 784
- McGhee, George C., 325, 596–600, 604, 609n
- McNeil, Hector, 447, 544, 546, 556, 596–608
- Meade, C. A. Gerald, 531–534, 536, 538
- Mediterranean (see also under
NATO
): Fact, proposed, 117, 119–120, 125, 142, 234, 517; security
of, question of, 13–14, 30, 43,
142
- Meeting of U.S. ambassadors in Europe at Paris, Oct.
21–22, 469–496
- Meisdalshagen, Olav, 401n
- Merrell, George R., 582–583
- Mesta, Perle, 463
- Mexico, 560
- Military assistance program (U.S.) for countries
participating in NATO and Western European
Union: Belgian role, 148, 251–252, 267–268; bilateral, agreements, 351–352, 360–362, 364–365, 668, 671; British
role, 136–139, 146–147, 163, 165–166, 224–225, 220–232, 247, 251–252, 268, 295–296, 360–362, 364–365; Brussels Pact Foreign Ministers meeting at
London and request for U.S. miliary assistance, 183, 195, 224–225, 229–233, 245–248, 285–288; Canadian role, 138, 311–313; Danish role, 206–208, 212–213, 288, 362; development of, 1, 16–17, 37–39, 48–50, 54–59, 71, 100
103–104, 106, 110–113, 136–139, 148, 194, 206–209, 231–232, 240–241, 245–253, 257–261, 267–269, 287–288, 294–307, 300–310, 323, 339, 341–342, 351–352, 389, 427, 473, 478, 490, 494, 634, 660–661, 748–749, 816, 820n
, 831; equality of treatment principle,
246, 251–253; European Correlation Committee, 244–250, 301–306, 310–311, 341–342; French role,
146–150, 230, 232, 251–252, 266, 288–289, 294–296, 318n
, 320–321,
362, 626–629, 634–635, 630–642, 660–661, 667–668, 748; Italy,
negotiations with, 240, 288, 341, 362; Luxembourg role, 148, 251–252; mutual aid
principle, 231–232,
241, 249, 286–287, 300, 360, 362, 626, 667, 671; Netherlands
role, 148, 163, 165–166, 178–179, 194–195, 224, 230, 246, 251–253, 258–261, 267–269; Norwegian role, 208, 240, 288, 362, 774; OEEC relationship, 248, 380; Portuguese
role, 249n
; reciprocal aid principle, 138–139, 147, 149, 230–232, 249, 251; Spain, noninclusion of, 734, 748–749, 762
- Millar, Sir Frederic Hoyer, 32,
70–80, 187, 214n
, 245n
, 271, 200,
346–348, 504, 790n
- Millard, Hugh, 303–304, 399–400, 411–412, 415–416, 423, 431–433, 437–438, 454, 842n
- Mitterand, François, 633
- Moch, Jules, 672
- Moens de Fernig, 409
- Molotov, Vyacheslov Mikhailovich, 435
- Mondello, Mario, 271
- Monnet, Jean, 444n
, 463, 643–644, 648
- Montana, Vanni, 706
- Montgomery, Field’ Marshal the Viscount Bernard Law, 64, 165
- Moose, James S., 531–532, 596–602
- Moreland, William Dawson, 673
- Moreno, Andreas, 744
- Morgenstierne, Wilhelm Munthe de, 24–25, 61–62, 66, 69, 123, 135, 151, 158, 160–163, 167, 174, 217, 220–222, 271, 285
- Morocco. see
French Morocco.
- Morrison, Herbert S., 138, 400, 852
- Mozambique, 717
- Munitions Board, 113
- Murphy, Robert D.; 265, 453–456, 462–464, 467n
, 468n
- Mutual Defense Assistance Act of 1949 (MDAF), 341, 351, 360–362, 366
- Myrdal, Gunnar, 848
- National Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial
Problems, 195, 379,
382, 398, 419–421, 637–638, 649–650, 682, 684–685, 718, 744, 797
- National Military Establishment. see
Defense, (U.S.) Department of.
- National Security Council: Italian colonies, disposition of former, 529, 563–564, 571–579; Italy, U.S. policy toward, 143; North Atlantic Treaty Organization, 10, 95, 98, 324; Southeast
Asia, U.S. policy toward, 496; Spain, U.S.
policy toward, 731; strategic importance of
Greenland, Iceland, and the Azores, 313; U.S.
and North Atlantic security interests in Iceland, 313–315; U.S. base negotiations with
Denmark and Norway, 98–99; U.S. representation on the Military Committee of Western
European Union, 110
- Near and Middle East, 244, 256, 270, 290, 340, 831–832
- Nenni, Pietro, 523, 708
- Nerva, Marques de, 763, 766
- Netherlands (see also
Indonesian question
and under
ECA
,
NATO
,
OEEC
, Spain, and
Western European Union):
- Agreements with the United States: Relief supplies and packages
for the Netherlands, Jan. 17, 712; U.S. Educational Foundation in the
Netherlands, May 17, 712
- Economic and commercial negotiations with Belgium, France, and
Italy, 656–658, 680
- Economic Cooperation Administration aid, 238, 259
- Italian colonies, disposition of former, 561
- U.S. export control program, 476n
, 480n
- U.S. policy, 549–550
- Netherlands East Indies. see
Indonesian question.
- New Zealand, 560, 724
- Newfoundland, 614
- Nicaragua, 219, 560
- Nicholson, Kenneth J., 653
- Nielsen, Sivert A., 69, 271
- Nitze, Paul H., 15–17, 48n
, 54–59, 626, 806n
, 820n
- Nolting, Frederick E., 258
- Norstad, Gen. Lauris, 255–256
- North Africa (see also
NATO
: Algeria, etc.), 565–566, 576
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) (see also
Military Assistance Program, etc.):
- Algeria, question regarding inclusion of, 5, 14, 27–28, 32–33, 77, 86–87, 107, 114, 129,
131, 151, 283
- Belgian role, 1n
, 4, 13–14, 30–32, 34, 41n
, 43–44,
55, 81,
83–84,
87, 124,
127–129,
133–134,
141, 151, 155, 158–159, 167, 186,
190–192,
217, 220–221, 233, 242,
261, 271, 275–276, 279–280, 284,
329, 335–336, 350, 357,
412
-
Benelux role, 4, 238, 268, 291
- British role, 1n
, 4–5,
29–33,
39, 42,
44, 52,
77–80,
84, 87,
120, 122, 127, 130, 132–133, 141,
151, 153–154, 157–159, 162, 167,
170–173,
175, 185–187, 189, 191,
198, 202, 209–210, 215–218, 221–222, 233,
242, 256–257, 261–264, 271, 273–275, 278,
280, 284–285, 290–291, 315, 319,
322, 324–326, 328–330, 334–336, 345, 347,
357, 359–362, 537, 791
- Brussels Pact countries, participation by the, 1, 29, 40–41, 81, 100, 145, 324
358
- Canadian role, 1, 4, 14, 30, 32–34, 77, 80–81, 84–87, 126–127, 133, 141,
145, 151, 153–155, 157–162, 167,
169–174,
186–187,
190, 192, 216–217, 220–224, 233,
257, 261, 266, 268, 271, 278, 284,
291, 302, 311–312, 315–317, 329,
335–336,
350
- Communist opposition to, 669
- Council, 256, 266, 268, 272–273, 283, 291,
317, 321, 324, 326, 330–332, 337,
351–352,
363–366
- Danish participation, question of, 1–3, 5–7, 13, 15n
, 17, 21–22, 25–27, 30–31, 34–36, 46–47, 51, 61, 63, 66, 71–72, 74–78, 80–84, 96–98, 100–101, 109, 122,
127–128,
134, 139–140, 144, 152–153, 157,
164, 173–174, 176–177, 186, 193–194, 198–201, 207–214, 223,
233n
, 234, 271–273, 278–279, 285, 329,
335–336,
357, 363, 620, 624, 773–775
- Defense Committee, 4, 12–13, 31, 49, 108, 120,
161–162,
199–200,
204–205,
223, 257, 263, 266, 268, 272–274, 291, 318n
, 319, 322, 324, 329, 332–333, 336–338, 345,
351–352,
357, 362n
, 365
- Military Committee, 330, 333–334, 336, 352–353, 357–358, 362n
, 363; Executive
Committee, 315–316, 319, 323n
; regional planning [Page 869] groups, 319–346
passim, 353–354, 358; Standing Committee, 325–326, 328, 330, 333–336, 358; Steering Committee, 257, 315, 319, 322, 323n
- Military Production and Supply Board, 352, 362n
- Report on strategic concept for the defense of the North
Atlantic area, 352–358, 362, 366
- Defense Financial and Economic Committee (DFEC), 326, 352
- Defense Ministers, meeting of, 356–358, 362–364
- Draft treaty, Dec. 24, 1948, 4
- Duration of treaty, 27, 33–34, 104, 180–181, 237–239, 242
- Foreign Ministers, conference at Washington of, Apr. 2, 271–281
- French role, 1n
, 3–5,
14, 29,
31–34,
41n
, 44, 52, 56, 76–77, 83–84, 86–87, 114, 120–145
passim, 151–152, 155–156, 159–161, 167,
169, 171–173, 185–188, 192, 214–215, 219–224, 233–234, 242,
247, 256–257, 261–264, 271, 273,
277–278,
280–281,
284–285,
288–289,
291, 306–307, 315, 318–322, 325–326, 328–330, 334–336, 345,
358, 546, 634, 667–668
- Greece, question regarding inclusion of, 14, 29–30, 32, 43, 142, 144
- Icelandic participation, question of, 1,
13, 15n
, 22, 50, 68, 84, 97, 109, 122, 136, 144,
164, 173–174, 176–177, 186, 202–206, 214,
223, 225–229, 233n
, 234, 236–237, 248, 271,
285, 313–315, 329, 336,
693, 695–696, 701
- Iranian participation, question of, 29,
62
- Irish participation, question of, 1,
13, 15,
90–91,
122, 136, 144, 154, 192, 292–293
- Italian participation, question of, 2–44
passim, 53, 62, 87, 104, 122–126, 128–130, 132–137, 141–145, 151–156, 164,
166–167,
173–174,
176–177,
186, 188, 216, 222–223, 233–234, 253–254, 264, 271,
273, 277, 280, 285, 319–320, 322–326, 328–329, 336–338, 345–346, 357,
545–546,
548, 550, 562
- Luxembourg role, 1n
, 30, 34, 80–81, 118, 127, 141,
151, 155, 158–160, 186, 190, 217,
221, 233, 242, 261, 271, 284–285, 329, 335
- Mediterranean area, question regarding inclusion of, 12, 14, 43
- Netherlands role, 1n
, 28–30,
32–34,
75–76,
82–84,
87, 118,
120–127,
132, 134–135, 141, 151–153, 158,
160–163,
167, 169–170, 185, 188,
214–215,
220–222,
233, 242, 259, 261, 268, 271, 284–285, 322,
329, 335–336, 350, 357
- Norwegian participation, question of, 1,
5–7, 13, 15n
, 17, 21–22, 24–27, 30–31, 34–36, 46–47, 51, 53, 60–109
passim, 121–167
passim, 173–174, 186–191, 206–209, 220–222, 233,
271, 275–276, 280, 285,
329, 335–336, 357–358, 620, 773–775
- Portuguese participation, question of, 1, 13, 15n
, 19–20,
122, 126, 136, 144, 152, 164, 173–174, 176–177, 179–182, 186,
188, 201–202, 223, 233n
, 234, 237–239, 242, 254–255, 264,
271, 274–277, 285, 329,
336, 715
- Production and Supply Board, 322, 324
- Scandinavian countries, question regarding participation of, 620
- Soviet attitude, 51–53, 60–61, 63, 65–66, 69–70, 72, 74–75, 91–94, 98, 123, 145–146, 153,
164, 171, 217, 224, 235, 238, 261–265, 277–280, 281n
, 734
- Spanish participation, question of, 13,
19–20,
29, 181–182, 243, 255,
732, 734, 739, 748, 762
- Swedish participation, question of, 2,
5–7, 13, 17, 21, 36, 61–62, 66, 69–71, 76–78, 80, 84, 100, 350, 775,
779
- Swiss attitude, 350
- Territorial scope, 11–12, 14, 25, 28–30, 75, 86–87
- Treaty signed at Washington, Apr. 4, 281–285, 331, 338–340, 353–354, 364,
478, 482, 490–491, 808
- Turkey, question regarding inclusion of, 14, 29–30, 32, 43, 117–120, 142, 144, 234–235
- United Nations, relationship to the, 29, 33–34, 74, 83, 85, 92, 114–116, 119, 167–172, 185, 188–191, 193,
202, 214–221, 223, 230,
261–265,
279, 281–284, 353
- U.S. military base rights, question of, 37–39, 49, 139, 104, 201,
204, 231, 295, 622, 670–671, 681–682
- U.S. policy, 1–2, 8–15, 19, 27–28, 31–34, 40–42, 48, 50, 62, 70–71, 73–74, 77, 81–82, 84–88, 102–106, 113–116, 122–124, 128–136, 141–145, 151–152, 156–159, 161–164, 166–174, 185–192, 198–205, 211–214, 217–219, 221–222, 224, 233–235, 240–243, 248,
255–285
passim, 291, 302–346
passim, 362–364, 434,
469, 471
[Page 870]
473, 478,
482–483,
494, 533, 666–668, 733, 738, 819
- Vandenberg Resolution (Senate Resolution 239, 80th Congress), June 11, 1948, 24–25, 27, 35, 46, 73, 81, 113, 147, 286,
297, 774
- Washington exploratory talks on security: Ambassadorial meetings,
3–4, 27–34, 73–88, 123, 125–135, 141,
151–163,
166–174,
185–192,
213–224;
International Working Group (Party), 4n
, 160–162, 191, 223–224;
report on, 10–11; Washington paper, Sept. 9,
1948, 4n
, 133; Working Group (Party), 320–321, 323n
, 325, 327, 330–337, 350,
352
- Norway (see also under
ERP
,
NATO
,
OEEC
, Spain, and
Western European Union):
- Agreements with the United States respecting: Double taxation, June 13, 713;
relief supplies and packages for Norway, Oct
31, 713; U.S. Education
Foundation in Norway, May 25, 713
- Foreign military bases in peacetime, question of, 83, 92–93, 105, 146
- Italian colonies, disposition of former, 560, 606, 608
- Northwest Atlantic fisheries convention, 614
- Soviet pressure on, 123–124, 139,
145–146
- Soviet proposal for nonaggression pact, 72–73, 91, 93–94, 122, 124, 128,
146, 187–190
- Sweden: Arms for Norway, 3, 26, 79; defense
of Norway, 25–26; policy toward Norway, 21
- U.S. export control program, 350, 476n
- Nunan, Sean, 15, 90–91
- Nuveen, John, 454–455, 464
- Nygaard, Eigil, 186–189, 191, 271
- Ockrent, Roger, 455
- Ohly, John H., 9–10
- Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) (see also
ERP
):
- Anglo-American zones of occupation in Germany (Bizonia),
participation of, 386, 397
- Austrian role, 241, 386, 397
- Belgian role, 241, 269, 369–370; 375,
384–387,
397–424
passim, 431–432, 438,
453, 455–456, 459, 462,
464–465,
796
-
Benelux role, 437
- British role, 241, 340, 347,
369–453
passim, 460–466, 468n
, 470–471, 473, 489–491, 494, 496,
652, 655, 659, 661, 717, 793, 799,
808
- Committee of Nine, 369–370, 373
- Commodity, import requirements, 429
- Conditional aid, 403–407
- Consultative Group, 346, 374–375, 380–381, 394, 401–403, 406,
427, 441, 449–450, 452, 455, 459,
464, 467–468
- Convertibility of currencies, problems regarding, 383–384, 387, 395–398, 403–404, 406,
419n
, 490–491, 798–799
- Council of Ministers, 241, 346–347, 369–370, 373, 375,
380–381,
397, 400, 402–403, 405–407, 411,
427, 429–432, 438, 440–442, 445,
449–450,
456–457,
459, 461, 464, 467
- Counterpart funds, utilization of, 427, 446, 461
- Customs union, proposed, 778
- Danish role, 241, 386, 622,
624
- Director General, proposed appointment of, 412n
, 415–416, 422–423, 425,
430–432,
434–436,
441–443,
447–450,
452–456,
459, 464–468
- Dollar deficit problem, 421, 448, 454,
470, 798
- Drawing rights, questions regarding transferability of, 383–384, 386–387, 395–397, 399, 403–407, 440,
447, 457–458, 461, 799
- Dual price problem, 460–462, 490,
659, 717
-
ECA role, 184, 241, 257, 378–430
passim, 438–439, 443–451, 456–458, 461–462, 472–473, 490,
622, 645, 657–659, 777, 799
- European exchange rates, 377–379, 382–383, 391–394, 397–400, 404,
413–414,
420–421,
423, 427, 439, 449
-
ERP program, 184, 449, 661
- Executive Committee, 375, 377, 380–381, 401,
446, 457, 459
- Foreign exchange liberalization pool ($150 million), utilization
of, 657–658
- French role, 241, 370n
, 371, 375, 379–380, 386,
397, 400–401, 404–405, 407, 410,
419, 421–422, 425, 437,
441, 443, 461, 463–467, 470, 652,
657, 659, 661, 664, 680, 686, 796
- Greek role, 241, 386, 397
- Icelandic role, 241
- International cartels, questions regarding possible
reestablishment, 443–446, 454
- Intra-European trade and payments programs, 112, 149, 196–197, 249, 258,
287, 344, 347, 372–374, 377n
, 382–387, 394–423
passim
439–440,
445–446,
449, 457–458, 461, 470,
657–658,
662, 778, 782, 784, 796–798, 835
- Irish role, 241, 292, 441
- Italian role 241, 371, 380,
386, 410, 410, 437, 465, 407, 548,
842n
- Luxembourg role, 241, 397
- Military expenditures, nonuse of ECA funds for, 389
- Multilateral trade policies, proposals regarding, 376–377, 381, 383,
386–387,
392, 398, 400–402, 406, 419n
, 449, 461
- Netherlands role, 241, 380, 386,
397, 405, 407, 410–411, 427, 441,
446
- Norwegian role, 241, 386, 397,
427, 465, 467
- Overseas territories, development of, 450–451
- Participating countries, 343, 381, 385,
387–391,
396–397,
400–405,
407n
, 413–415, 419–420, 427–428, 436–467
passim, 492, 794, 797–798, 808,
814–815,
817–819,
826–827,
829
- Payments Committee, 385–387, 396–397
401–403
- Portuguese role, 241, 386, 408,
411, 465, 467, 716
- Restrictive business and trade policies, question of, 375–376, 378, 381,
388, 391–394, 401, 404,
406, 413, 419–420, 423, 439–440, 443, 445–446, 448,
454–455,
457–458,
490–491,
657, 659, 662, 686, 798, 814–815, 818
- Scandinavian role, 371, 441, 462
- Secretariat, 408, 418, 465
- Secretary-General, 376, 407, 450,
465, 467
- Swedish role, 241, 377, 380,
386, 407, 777
- Swiss role, 241, 380, 386, 307, 410–411
- Turkish rote, 241, 380, 386,
408
- U.S. economic assistance, allocation of, 408–411, 416–418, 449, 461–462, 490,
658, 661, 718
- U.S. policy, 206–208, 241, 338, 343,
373–374,
380–405
passim, 412–473
passim, 485, 489–491, 654–655, 659, 664,
666–667,
798–799,
808, 839
- West German participation, 241, 394, 427,
461, 488, 659
- Pacciardi, Randolfo, 337
- Pakistan, 529, 56,
586, 607–608, 717
- Palestine question (see also
Israel), 44, 206, 392, 541, 540, 557, 560, 603
- Palmer, Joseph, 558–561, 583
- Palutan, Dr. Gioacchino, 502
- Pan American Union, 45
- Panama, 560
- Panyushkin, A., 261
- Paraguay, 560
- Parodi, Alexandre, 721
- Parri, Enrico, 708, 711
- Parsons, Col: F. G. A., 502–504
- Pasqualini, Giovanni, 708
- Pastore, Giulio, 704, 708, 710–711
- Patten, David L., 714–715, 718
- Peake, Sir Charles, 508–510, 510
- Pearson, Lester B., 154, 150–160, 223; 271, 278, 284, 312, 832
- Pella, Giuseppe, 464, 467
- Pelt, Adrian, 608
- Penney, José Campbell, 528
- Pereira, Pedro Theotónio, 237n
238, 242, 271, 285
- Perkins, George W., 315–317, 324, 342–344, 356, 421–423, 433–434, 453, 469–496
passim, 522–525, 579, 604, 756–758, 805
- Peru, 560, 742,
749
- Petsche, Maurice, 147, 400–402, 407, 424, 642–645, 648n
, 649–650,
654–660, 662, 665, 671n
, 672, 678–680, 682–684, 686, 842
- Peurifoy, John E., 48n
, 725
- Pflimlin, Pierre, 651, 653
- Philippines, 208, 560–561, 570, 608, 613
- Pieck, Wilhelm, 488, 690
- Pierce, Sydney, 845
- Pleven, René, 358
- Point Four Program, 544, 573, 584, 810
- Poland, 483, 560,
623, 733, 737n
, 742–743,
778
- Policy Planning Staff of the Department of State, 478, 822–830
- Portugal (see also
Azores
and under
ERP
,
NATO
,
OEEC
, and
Western European Union): Agreement with the United
States respecting settlement of certain war claims against the United
States, Oct. 3, 1947, Feb. 21, May 3 and 20, and Aug. 4, 1949, 720; ECA
assistance, 238n
, 714–715,
717; Northwest Atlantic fisheries
convention, 614; overseas colonies, development
of, 716–717, 710; Soviet Union, attitude toward, 716
- Potsdam Conference (1945), 265
- Prebensen, Per Preben, 61
- President’s committee for financing foreign trade, 836
- Prieto, Indalecio, 767
- Queuille, Henri, 147, 628–652
passim, 661–665, 668n
, 669, 671n
, 672
- Radford, Vice Adm. Arthur W., 118, 234
- Ramadier, Paul, 147, 643
- Randall, Sir Alec Walter George, 6, 36
- Randall, Harold M., 763
- Rasmussen, Gustav, 5, 17, 21, 36,
46, 140, 157, 164, 103–104, 108–201, 206–214, 271–273, 278–280, 285
- Rau, Sir Benegal, 597
- Raynor, G. Hayden, 425, 721–724, 735n
- Reams, Robert B., 508–509, 521, 524n
- Reciprocal trade agreements act, 837
- Reconstruction Finance Corporation, 668
- Reed, Charles S., 258
- Reed, Horace G., 400–401, 641–645
- Reina, Antonio, 740
- Renaud, Pierre J. M., 681
- Rendel, Sir George William, 369n
- Reston, James B., 107, 145
- Reuchlin, O., 271
- Reynaud, Paul, 641–643, 646
- Robertson, Sir Brian Hubert, 487
- Robertson, Norman A., 789–790
- Robinson, Virginia Mae, 673
- Rocchi, Appio Claudio, 705, 710–711
- Rocheta, Manuel, 271
- Rogers, R. L., 271
- Romita, Giuseppe, 705, 709–710
- Ronald, Sir Nigel, 19–20, 179–180, 201–202, 237, 239
- Roosevelt, Franklin D., 716
- Roosevelt, Mrs. Franklin D., 737–738
- Roseman, Alvin J., 121
- Ross, John C., 602, 604–605
- Rostow, Gene, 847–849
- Routledge, R. J., 513–514
- Rowan, Sir Leslie, 845, 847n
- Ruhr, 488–489
- Rumbold, Sir Anthony, 508n
509n
- Rusk, Dean, 113, 209, 324, 338, 359–360, 530, 532–534, 536–537, 539–542, 552–553, 568–569, 580, 604, 725, 730, 735n
, 750n
, 754, 820n
, 847n
- Saadawi, Beshir, 535
- Saint Laurent, Louis Stephen, 789
- Salazar, Antonio de Oliveira, 239, 242–243, 714–719
- Sale, William B., 539, 546
- Saltzman, Charles E., 725
- Santa Cruz, Hernán, 738
- Saragat, Giuseppe, 7–8, 23, 704,
708–709
- Satterthwaite, Joseph C., 118, 175–176, 209n
, 210n
, 234n
, 328, 528–532, 536–538, 725
- Satterthwaite, Livingston L., 90, 325, 371, 423n
, 583, 758,
805–806, 849–850
- Saudi Arabia, 560
- Sayed Idriss, 535, 554–557, 562, 564, 567, 572, 579, 581, 598, 605–607, 609–610
- Scandinavia (see also under
NATO
,
OEEC
, Spain, and
Western European Union): Customs union, proposed,
622–623, 778; economic cooperation committee, 778; Italian colonies, disposition of former,
587; meeting of prime, foreign, and defense
ministers at Karlsbad, Sweden, Jan. 5–6, 6–7, 17, 20–22,
25–26, 35; neutrality, 25,
35–36, 61, 67, 78–80, 83, 88–89, 96, 98–101, 104, 620;
Scandinavian (Nordic) defense pact, negotiations concerning, 6–7, 17, 20–22,
24, 27, 34–36, 46–47, 51–52, 61–105
passim, 124, 128, 139, 193, 620, 774–775; solidarity
of, 21, 67, 71, 74–75, 88; Soviet
attitude, 51–52, 69–70, 98; Soviet domination over, U.S. policy regarding
possibility of, 98–99,
101
- Schuman, Robert: Customs union between France and Italy, 253; devaluation of British pound, 842; economic and political situation in France,
631, 652, 679; European Recovery Program, 370, 409, 422–425, 440–443, 464–467, 680; French Foreign Minister, 678n
; German question, 447n
, 659–660;
Italian colonies, disposition of former, 526–528, 544–546, 548, 557; North Atlantic Treaty
Organization, 123, 185, 214, 265–266, 271, 273, 277–278, 280–281, 285, 291, 306–307, 309, 318, 321, 338–339; Spanish question, 721, 730, 734; U.S.
Military Assistance Program, 146–148, 165–166, 230, 232, 245, 247n
, 266, 306,
634–635; U.S.
policy toward France, 654–655, 660, 665–666; Western European Union, 45, 53, 59, 306
- Schweitzer, Pierre Paul, 672
- Senegal, 676
- Seyfert, Conrad, 271
- Sforza, Count Carlo, 7–8, 18, 233–234, 253–254, 271, 273–274, 277, 280, 285, 319, 323n
, 324–326,
328–329, 337, 349, 442, 508, 510, 512n
, 518–519,
521, 524, 526–527, 545–554, 559–560, 562, 564–568, 583–585, 588, 593–595
- Sheppard, William J., 356
- Shuckburgh, Charles A. E., 339–340, 841–842
- Shukry, Fuad, 535
- Siam, 560
- Silone, Ignazio, 709
- Silvercruys, Baron Robert, 13, 30–32, 34, 81, 83, 87, 124, 127–129, 133–134, 151, 155, 158–159, 186, 190–191, 217, 220–221, 271, 284, 423
- Simonini, Alberto, 704–705
- Singapore, 831
- Skylstad, Rasmus I. B., 51, 60, 121–122
- Smith, Kingsbury, 65n
, 189
- Snow, William P., 311–313
- Snoy et d’Oppuers, Jean-Charles, 411, 658
- Snyder, John W., 382, 394–395, 642, 654–657, 718, 790–793, 795–797, 799–802, 806n
, 820, 826n
, 832–833
- Somaliland, British, 575, 578, 584
- Somaliland, French, 584
- Somaliland, Italian. see under Italian colonies,
etc.
- Souers, Sidney W., 10, 563, 571
- South Schleswig, 624–625
- Southard, Frank A., 382, 783n
- Southeast Asia, 246, 290, 495–496, 605, 811
- Soviet Union (see also Soviet subheadings
under individual countries and subjects): Atomic bomb, production
of, 429, 473–475, 477, 480, 761; peace
offensive, 635–636
- Spaak, Paul-Henri, 40, 43–44, 64,
124, 165–166, 230–232, 238, 245, 267–269, 271, 275–277, 279, 284, 291, 307, 317–318, 344, 369–371, 380, 395–447
passim, 456, 459, 462–464, 467–468, 490, 738, 842n
- Spain (see also under
ERP
,
NATO
, and
Western European Union):
- Aircraft engines, proposed sale by the United States of, 725–726
- Anarchists, 769
- Argentine policy, 723–724, 729
- Army role, 729, 741, 752, 756, 760,
770–771
- Australian policy, 724
- Barcelona Traction Company, protests regarding bankruptcy of, 764
- Belgian policy, 722, 724, 738,
764n
- Bolivian policy, 742, 749
- Brazilian policy, 733, 742, 747,
749, 757
- British oil companies, activities of, 846
- British policy, 723–724, 730–731, 742–743, 745,
747, 752–753, 757–759, 761–762
- Byelorussian policy, 742
- Canadian policy, 724, 764n
- Catholic Church role, 729, 750n
, 752, 755
- Chase National Bank loan, 729
- Chiefs of diplomatic missions, proposed return of, 721–750
passim, 756–759
- Chilean policy, 738
- Colombian policy, 742, 749
-
Comité Interior de Coordinación (CTC), 759–760, 767, 769–771
-
Confederación Nacional del Trabajo (CNT), 767
- Danish policy, 723
- Economic and financial situation, 729–730, 736, 741,
751–752,
755–756,
760, 764, 770
- Exile groups, activities of, 740–742, 756,
766–768
- Export-Import Bank loan, proposed, 730, 735–736, 744–746, 750,
762–766
- Falange party, 729, 755–756
- French policy, 721–722, 724,
730–731,
743, 745, 747, 752–753, 757, 761–762
- Government, 728–733, 736–737, 744,
747, 749, 754, 758, 762, 764–766
- Iceland, relations with, 697–698, 723
- International convention on economic statistics (1928), accession to, 723
- Latin American resolution, 742–743, 747,
749
- Luxembourg policy, 723
- Monarchists, 740–741, 755, 760, 767,
769, 771
- Netherlands policy, 722–723
- New Zealand policy, 724
- Northwest Atlantic fisheries convention, 614
- Norwegian policy, 723
- Peruvian policy, 742, 749
- Polish resolution, 733, 737n
, 742–743, 747
- Political situation, 727–730, 740–742, 751–757, 759–761
- Religious minorities, treatment of, 750
- Scandinavian policy, 723
- Socialists, 767, 769
- Soviet policy, 732–734, 742
- Strategic importance of, 725–726, 761
- Swedish policy, 723
- Treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation with the United
States, proposed, 736–737
- Union of South African policy, 724
- United Nations: General Assembly considerations, 721–759
passim; membership, question of, 728, 734;
resolution on Spain (1946), 721, 728,
731–734,
737n
, 738, 740–743, 749, 757–759, 761,
769; specialized agencies, question
of Spanish admission to, 721–724, 728,
731–734,
737n
, 739–741, 758
- United States: Economic assistance, question of, 728, 735–737, 741,
760, 762, 764–766; military assistance, question of, 734, 748–749; military bases, question of, 665; naval squadron, visit by, 760; policy toward Spain, 725–769
passim
- Yugoslav policy, 742
- Sparks, Edward J., 164n
, 303–304,
624
- Spiegel, Harold, 781
- Spitzbergen: Defense and security of, 5, 69, 88, 103, 229; strategic
importance of, 98–101
- Stafford, Frank E., 582–583, 604
- Stalin, Iosif Vissaroniovich, 65, 189, 229, 477, 479, 500, 635–637, 689–690
- Stefánsson, Stefan J., 68n
- Sterling area, 347, 373, 382, 392, 396, 404, 410, 413–415, 418n
, 419–420,
484, 652, 785–788, 793–838
passim, 846–847
- Stewart, Michael N. F., 581–582
- Stikker, Dirk U., 163, 165–166, 178–179, 195, 230, 232, 245, 258–261, 269, 271, 285, 291, 307, 401, 441–442
- Stone T. A., 271
- Strang, Sir William, 339–340, 842
- Strategic materials, U.S. program for stockpiling of, 361, 655–656, 788, 809, 818, 821, 835–836
- Struble, Rear Adm. Arthur D., 255
- Suances Fernández, Juan Antonio, 729n
, 751n
- Suez Canal, 831
- Surrey, Walter S., 69, 206, 365n
, 661
- Sweden (see also
Scandinavia
and under
ERP
,
NATO
,
OEEC
, Spain, and
Western European Union):
- Agreement with the United States respecting quantitative import
restrictions and deferment of payments extending the agreement of
June 24, 1947, June 27, 779
- Arms purchases from the United States, question of, 37, 726, 774–775
- Denmark: Swedish arms for, 3, 26; Swedish defense of, 25–26; Swedish
policy, 21, 212
- Italian colonies, disposition of former, 560
- Neutrality, 17, 25, 47, 62, 67, 96–97, 99, 620, 772–775
- Norway: Swedish arms for, 3, 26, 79; Swedish
defense of, 25–26; Swedish policy, 21
- Soviet Union: Loan to (1946), 778–779;
policy toward, 98, 773, 779
- Strategic location, 773, 779
- Trade with Eastern Europe, 778
- United Nations, policy toward, 773,
775–776
- U.S. export control program, negotiations concerning, 778
- U.S. policy, 772–779
- Switzerland (see also under
NATO
and
OEEC
): Agreement with the United States respecting settlement of certain
war claims, Oct. 21, 780;
dollar transfers from the United Kingdom to, 809; France, loan to, 678
- Syria, 529, 560
- Taft, Orray, 535–536, 567n
- Taft, Robert, 642, 761
- Taggart, Joseph H., 301–305
- Tan Malakka, 260
- Tarchiani, Alberto, 8, 18, 23–24,
28–29, 31, 39, 125–126, 253, 271, 285, 328, 524, 539–542, 546, 551, 566n
, 568–569,
580, 583–584, 593–594
- Tariff Commission (U. S.), 832
- Taylor, Wayne C., 421, 446
- Taymans, Roger, 167, 271
- Tebbit, D. C., 532, 580n
- Thomas, Norman, 706–707
- Thompson, Llewellyn E., Jr., 315, 325, 356, 434n
, 514n
, 753–754,
758, 845, 849n
- Thorez, Maurice, 633, 636–637, 689–690
- Thorp, Willard L., 397n
, 725–726,
735n
, 781, 783–784, 793–796, 847n
- Thors, Olafur, 68
- Thors, Thor, 202–203, 225, 228, 236, 271, 285
- Tito, Marshal (Josip Broz), 473–480, 494–523
passim, 690n
, 726
- Tizard, Sir Henry, 450
- Tobin, Irwin M., 706–707
- Togliatti, Palmiro, 523
- Togo, 676
- Tomlinson, William M., 642, 653–654
- Torp, Oscar, 66, 69,
102
- Trans Jordan, 545, 831
- Treasury, (U.S.) Department of the, 373n
, 382–383,
391, 397n
, 412, 444n
, 638, 643,
645, 658, 783–784, 790, 795, 820, 822n
, 830–831,
846–847, 852
- Treaties, conventions, agreements, etc. (see also under
NATO
and individual countries):
- Agreement between the United States and Iceland respecting U.S.
utilization of Keflavik airport (1946), 204–205, 693–695, 701–702
- Agreement between the United States and Sweden respecting
quantitative import restrictions and deferment of payments (1947), 779
- Agreement between the United States and Switzerland respecting air
transport services (1945) and amendment, May 18, 1949, 780
- Agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom
respecting ferrous scrap (1948) and
amendment, July 1, 1949, 853
- Agreement between the United States and the United Kingdom
respecting U.S. Educational Commission in the United Kingdom (1948) and amendment, Feb.
25 and Mar. 5, 1949, 853
- Agreement between the United States-and the United Kingdom
respecting leased naval and air bases (1941)
and amendment, Sept. 19, 1949, 853
- Agreements between the United States and the United Kingdom
respecting fusion of American and British zones of occupation in
Germany (1946) and amendment, Mar. 81, 1949, 853
- Air transport agreement between the United States and Iceland (1945), 700
- Anglo-Argentine Trade agreement (1948),
784
- Anglo-French-Turkish alliance (1939). 118, 350–360
- Anglo-German naval treaty (1985), 848n
- Bretton Woods agreements, 834
- Brussels treaty (1948), 1, 33, 104, 139, 181, 267,
285–287,
340, 347, 349, 358, 372, 435, 666,
808
- Defense agreement between the United States and Iceland (1941), 693–694, 696;
agreement terminating (1946), 693
- Defense of Greenland agreement between the United States and
Denmark (1941), 21–22, 200, 211, 618, 621
- Economic cooperation agreements With: France (1948), 647, 679, 686;
Iceland, 699; Sweden (1948), 778; United Kingdom
(1948), 347
- Financial agreement between Canada and the United Kingdom, 655
- Financial agreement between the United States and the United
Kingdom (1945), 401n
, 421, 655, 783, 794
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) (1947), 387, 420,
460, 469, 483, 623, 666, 777, 844
- Inter-American Treaty (Rio) (1947), 52, 76, 85, 109, 158, 172,
219–220,
314, 359
- International convention on economic statistics (1928), 723,
- Italian peace treaty. see under
Italy
and
Trieste.
- Multilateral agreement on telecommunications between the United
States and British Commonwealth governments (1945) and agreement replacing, Aug. 12,
1949, 854
- North Atlantic weather stations, multilateral agreement regarding,
615
- Northwest Atlantic fisheries convention, Feb. 8, 614
- Organization for European Economic Cooperation convention (1948), 345, 347, 405,
434, 441, 448–450, 452, 456, 465–467, 470,
489
- Potsdam agreements (1945), 52, 265
- Reciprocal trade agreement between the United States and Sweden
(1935), 777–778
- Treaty between the Soviet Union and Finland (1948), 774
- Treaty of alliance between France and the Soviet Union (1944), 265, 278
- Treaty of alliance between France i and the United Kingdom (1947), 139
- Treaty of alliance between Portugal and the United Kingdom, 182, 202,
274–275
- Treaty of alliance between the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union
(1942), 265
- Treaty of friendship and nonaggression between Spain and Portugal
(1939), 181,
202, 239, 243, 254–255, 274–276;
additional protocol (1940), 181, 254,
274, 276
- Treaty of friendship, commerce, and navigation between the United
States and Italy (1948), 737
- Treaty of Rapallo between Germany and the Soviet Union (1922), 307n
- United Nations Charter (1945), 2, 17, 29, 34, 52, 74, 83, 92, 105, 114–116, 122,
145–146,
163, 167–172, 178, 187–190, 193–195, 202,
214–221,
223, 252, 263–265, 279, 281–282, 284, 286,
353, 552, 555, 774, 834
- Yalta agreement (1945), 52, 265
- Tremelloni, Roberto, 709
- Trieste (see also under
United Nations: Security Council):
- Allied Military Government, 501–503, 505,
507, 514–515, 522–523
- Anglo-American military forces in, 162, 223, 499–500, 506, 509–510, 524n
- Anglo-American zone of occupation (Zone A), 498, 508, 510, 512–515, 522
- Border incidents, 513–514
- British position, 497, 509n
, 510, 514, 519–520, 521n
- Communist party, 500, 505
-
ECA assistance, 505
- Elections, 500–503, 505–506
- French position, 497, 510, 512,
520
- Governor, proposed appointment of a, 497–499, 505, 518n
- Italian peace treaty clauses pertaining to, 41, 43, 497–498, 505, 507,
510, 512n
, 514–516, 520, 523
- Italian position, 497–524
passim
- Permanent statute, 502
- Problem of, 154, 254
- Return to Italy, proposed, 497–498, 499n
, 502n
, 506, 508–510, 512, 520,
523, 524n
- Soviet position, 497–499, 505–506, 509–510, 518,
520, 523
- U.S. policy, 497–525
- Yugoslav military forces in, 500, 510
- Yugoslav policy, 499n
, 506–512, 514–516, 510–520, 522–524
- Yugoslav zone of occupation (Zone B), 497–498, 506–509, 511–512, 514–521
- Trieste Boundary Commission, 587
- Trinidad, 853
- Tripolitania. see under Italian
colonies, etc.
- Truman, Harry S.: Address to Congress, Mar. 17,
1948, 139, 240, 286; atomic bombs, control over
use of, 364; British financial crisis, 790, 795; budget
message, Jan. 11, 24;
double taxation convention with Norway, 713;
European Recovery Program, 395, 439, 826; Iceland,
U.S. and North Atlantic security interests in, 314n
; inaugural address, Jan. 20, 292, 727; Ireland,
double taxation convention with, 703; Italian
colonies, [Page 876] disposition of former,
552–554, 571; Italy, U.S. policy toward, 143; meeting of U.S. ambassadors in Europe at
Paris, 496; message to Congress regarding
economic and military assistance to Greece and Turkey, Mar. 12, 1947, 117–118; message of Oct. 29,
1948, 234; North Atlantic Treaty
Organization, 114–115, 117, 125, 128, 140–142, 151–152, 159, 172n
, 174, 177–178, 270–271, 284n
, 285–289,
313; Northwest Atlantic fisheries
convention, proclamation of, 614; Point Four
Program, 819; Soviet atomic bomb explosion, 473n
; Soviet Union, U.S. policy toward, 716;
Spain, U.S. policy toward, 731, 735n
, 740, 750,
753–754; U.S.
military assistance program, 16, 61n
, 110, 112,
296–299, 303n
, 309, 313,
341, 365n
, 366, 635,
641–642; Western
European Union, 286
- Truman Doctrine. see U.S. economic and military
assistance to Greece and Turkey.
- Tunisia, 526, 541
- Turkey (see also under
NATO
,
OEEC
, and
Western European Union): Italian colonies,
disposition of former, 560, 563, 574, 606; security of, U.S. declaration regarding,
13, 24, 27, 46, 103, 118–120, 175–178, 209–210, 233, 235–236, 244, 270–271, 359–360, 529; Soviet
pressure, 234, 270,
359; U.S. economic and military assistance,
117n
, 207, 234,
297–299, 831; U.S. policy, 218, 359–360,
726
- Turner, Robert K., 421
- Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, 499, 560
- Undén, Bo Östen, 37
- Unger, Leonard, 328, 504, 506, 583, 758
- Union of South Africa, 560, 608, 724, 809, 814
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. see
Soviet Union.
- United Kingdom (see also British
sub-headings under individual subjects and countries):
- Agreement with United States respecting passport visa fees as
applied to Malta, Oct, 81 and Dec. 12, 853–854
- Anglo-American-Canadian financial talks at London, July 8–10, 408,
410, 789–797, 799–803, 834
- Anglo-American-Canadian financial talks at Washington, Sept. 7–12, 340,
348–349,
408, 410, 416, 422, 425, 654–656, 662, 664–666, 800–832
passim; joint communiqué, Sept. 12, 833–839
- Anglo-Argentine trade agreement (1948),
784
- Canadian loan, 485, 784, 794,
837
- Continuing consultations regarding financial situation, 838, 845–847
- Convertibility question, 781–782, 799
- Devaluation of the British pound, 438,
484–485,
781, 785, 794, 800–802, 808–810, 812–814, 822–823, 825, 839–841, 843–844, 850;
Belgian reaction, 842n
; French reaction, 475, 646, 652,
662, 668–669, 841–843, 848–849;
Italian reaction, 476, 489, 842n
; U.S. position, 783, 786, 788,
791–792,
795–796,
799, 823–825, 827–828, 847–848
- Dollar drain, 782, 784, 790–824
passim, 834, 836–838, 846, 847n
- Exchange rate question, 781–782, 784,
810–811,
813
- Financial agreement with the United States (1945), questions regarding implementation of, 783, 794–795, 798–799, 828,
837
- Financial crisis, 483–485, 491–492; U.S. concern regarding, 781–852
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), member of, 420
- Imperial preferences, 815
- Import restrictions for dollar area, 794–795, 797–799, 801–802, 810–811, 813, 815,
820, 828, 834, 837
- Military commitments, possible curtailment of, 806, 830–832, 849–850
- Nondiscrimination question, 781–782
- Northwest Atlantic fisheries convention, 614
- Trade with the United States, 417–418
- U.S. export control program, 350, 476, 480n
, 482
- U.S. military bases in the, 665
- United Nations:
- Atomic energy question, 776
- British policy, 246
- Danish policy, 620
- Disarmament question, 776
- Dispute between Costa Rica and Nicaragua, 219
- General Assembly: Agenda, 806; interim
committee, 608, 613; meetings, 223–224, 331,
537–539,
620, 665n
, 806, 841n
; Spanish question (see under
Spain: United Nations); Yugoslav candidacy
for Security Council seat, 748n
- Iceland, security of, 314
- Italian membership, question of. 254
-
NATO relationship. see under
NATO
.
- Norwegian policy toward, 92
- Portuguese attitude toward, 181
- Security Council: Authority of, 29;
Indian membership on, question of, 806;
Indonesian question, 163, 166, 178–179, 194–195, 246,
251–252,
267; Italian colonies, question
regarding disposition of former, [Page 877]
591; Italian membership in the United
Nations, question of, 254; NATO relationship, 85, 115–116, 168–172, 185,
191, 193, 214–220, 264, 282–283;
Trieste question, 254, 497–501, 505–507, 510–511, 515, 518–519; veto question, 170–171, 216; Yugoslav membership on, question of,
477–478
- Soviet policy, 52, 773
- Special Committee on the Balkans, (UNSCOB), 477
- Swedish attitude, 773
- Trusteeship Council, 533–534, 542,
551–552,
579, 591–592, 606, 608,
611–612
- U.S. policy, 666, 727, 749
- U.S.-Canadian Joint Defense Board, 316–317
- U.S. economic and military assistance to Greece and Turkey (Truman
Doctrine), 117–118,
207, 234, 297–299, 478, 831
- U.S. export controls for trade with Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union,
350–351, 473, 476–477, 480–483, 494, 623, 778
- Upper Volta, 676
- Uranium, U.S. procurement from Belgian Congo of, 617
- Uruguay, 553–554,
560, 846
- Vaes, Robert, 271
- Valentine, Alan, 258
- Van Kleffens, E. N., 28–34, 75–76,
82–84, 87, 126–127, 132–135, 151–153, 158, 160–163, 167, 169–170, 185, 188, 190, 192, 214–215, 220–222, 258, 260, 271
285
- Van Royen, J. Herman. 260, 268–269
- Van Zeeland, Paul, 423–425, 431–432, 436, 440, 442, 452–456, 459, 462, 464–465, 467–468
- Vandenberg, Arthur H., 64, 73–74, 84–86, 108–110, 114, 128n
, 141, 298,
530, 746
- Vandenberg Resolution. see under
NATO
.
- Vanoni, Ezio, 401n
- Venezia Giulia, 518
- Venezuela, 560
- Vernon, Raymond, 803
- Viet-Nam, 495
- Viglianesi, Italo, 708
- Vilfan, Joza, 511n
- Vreede, C., 271
- Vyshinsky, Andrey Yanuaryevich, 477–478
- Wadsworth, George, 118n
- Wainhouse, David W., 589–591
- Wallner, Woodruff, 473
- Wapler, Arnauld, 338, 663–664
- War: Danger of, 36, 53, 71, 228, 238, 252, 292, 302, 635–636, 669, 773, 775; declaration of, 2, 17, 69, 103; state of,
12, 21, 25, 70, 80, 82, 96, 98–100, 104, 198, 253, 357
- Washington, S. Walter, 727–729, 756, 766–767
- Webb, James E.: British financial crisis, 784,
806n
, 820–821,
841, 845, 847; European Recovery Program, 397–399, 434, 439; France,
economic and political situation in, 661;
France, U.S. policy toward, 663, 665–666; Italian
colonies, disposition of former, 556–557, 562–564, 593n
, 596–602,
606, 609–610; Italian labor movement, U.S. interest in
formation of non-Communist, 706; meeting of U.S.
ambassadors in Europe at Paris, 474n
, 496; North Atlantic Treaty Organization,
48n
, 113–115,
301, 324, 337–338; Spanish
question, 725–726,
735n
, 745, 749–750; U.S. military assistance
program, 301, 303n
, 304, 351,
639–640, 667–668; Western
European Union, 342
- Wedemeyer, Lt. Gen. Albert C., 294–295
- West, George L., 306–307
- West Germany. see
Federal Republic of Germany
and West German sub-headings under
Council of Europe,
OEEC
, and
Western European Union.
- Western European Union (see also
military assistance program, etc.):
- Algeria, question regarding inclusion of, 33
- Belgian position, 40–41, 43, 58, 60, 64, 102, 197, 285,
307, 343–344, 412, 433
- British position, 41, 44–46, 48, 58–60, 102, 197, 285,
289–291,
306–307,
339–340,
343, 345–350, 361, 371–372, 414–415, 433,
435, 470, 473, 483–485, 487–489, 491–493, 791
- Brussels Pact, 101–102
- Chiefs of Staff Committee, U.S. representation on, 9, 107n
, 111–113, 247
- Communist threat, 473, 475
- Consultative Council of Foreign Ministers. 183, 195, 224–225, 229–233, 245–248, 306–307, 310–311, 346–347, 424, 635n
- Danish role, 102
- Defense Ministers, 111, 150, 230
- Equality of sacrifice problem, 196–197
- European assembly, proposed, 41, 45–46, 48, 53
- European conference, proposed, 41, 45
- Financial and Economic Committee (WUFEC), 54, 58–59, 183–184, 667; U.S. representation, 106–107, 112
- Finance Ministers, 667
- Five-power study group on European federation, 40, 42
- French position, 41–43, 45–46, 48, 53, 58–59, 102, 197, 285,
306–307,
343–345,
433, 483, 492, 526, 664, 667–668
- Greek participation, question of, 53,
433
- Irish participation, question of, 102
- Italian participation, question of, 5,
7–9, 13, 18, 23, 28, 40, 42, 45, 48, 60, 102, 343–344, 349–350, 433, 488–489, 545
- Luxembourg position, 102, 285, 433
- Military Committee, 4, 45, 53–54, 64, 87, 120, 147, 230,
263, 322; U.S. representation, 9, 107n
, 110
- Military Committee on Equipment and Armaments, 9
- Military Supply Board (WUMSB),
15–17,
53–54,
305, 322; U.S. representation, 110–113
- Netherlands position, 58, 102, 285,
344, 433
- Norwegian position, 102
- Participating countries, 41, 45, 112, 230
- Permanent Commission of the Consultative Council, 9, 41–42, 44–45, 48, 53, 60, 64, 101–102, 132,
139, 152, 154, 156–158, 161–162, 183, 245–246; U.S. representation on, 310–311
- Portuguese participation, question of, 433
- Rearmament program, 14–17, 55–58, 106, 111–112, 138, 224,
368–369,
490
- Scandinavian participation, question of, 42, 45, 48, 60, 433
- Soviet attitude, 51–52
- Spanish participation, question of, 350, 433, 748
- Status of military personnel of participating countries, 681–682
- Subversive Activities Committee, 53
- Swedish participation, question of, 60,
102
- Turkish participation, question of, 53
- U.S. policy, 9, 20, 48, 250–253, 304, 307,
310–311,
339–340,
343–345,
348–349,
414–415,
429, 434, 469, 473, 478, 496, 664
- West German participation, question of, 41, 102, 290, 307,
343, 345, 350, 433, 470–471, 473,
483, 486–488, 491–493
- Westphalinger, Col. Henry R., 57–58
- Wiley, John C., 210, 233
- Willoughby, Woodbury, 391n
- Wilson-Smith, Sir Henry, 781–783
- Winspeare, G. V., 509n
- Wood, C. Tyler, 439, 673n
, 688n
- Wooldridge, Adm., 225–226, 228
- World Federation of Trade Unions, 669
- Wright, A. L. 271
- Wright, Michael, 554–556, 569n
- Wrong, H. Hume, 30, 32–34, 80,
84–87, 126–127, 133–134, 151, 153–155, 157–162, 167, 169–174, 186–187, 190, 192, 216–217, 220–223, 271, 284, 311–313, 315–317, 832
- Xanthaky, Theodore A., 714–719, 754–756
- Yalta Conference (1945), 265
- Yemen, 560
- Yugoslavia (see also under
Trieste):
- Carinthia, Yugoslav claim to, 508,
512n
.
- Gorizia, Yugoslav claim to, 508, 522–523
- Greece, policy toward, 512n
- Italian colonies, disposition of former, 560
- Italy: Commercial agreement with, 476,
504, 516–518; fisheries convention
with, Apr. 13, 503–504, 517; naval agreement with, 504; relations with, 504
- Soviet Union, break with, 473, 477–479, 494, 499–500, 512n
, 522; British attitude, 474; French reaction, 475, 480,
690n
; Italian attitude, 475–476; U.S. policy, 478–479
- Spain, policy toward, 742
- United Nations Security Council, candidacy for seat on, 477–478
- U.S. policy, 498, 509