Chapter IV: August 13–31, 1937

Commencement of hostilities at Shanghai between Chinese and Japanese forces, August 13; American protest to China concerning bombing of International Settlement; representations to China and Japan concerning fighting at Shanghai, August 14; U. S. Marine reinforcements from San Diego for Shanghai, August 17; mutual recriminations over situation at Shanghai by China and Japan; failure to reach compromise to stop hostilities there; American representations to Tokyo regarding safety of Tsingtao as undefended city, August 23; announcement of nonaggression pact between China and Soviet Union, August 28–29

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