Papers relating to the foreign relations of the United States, 1930, Volume III

Treaty Series No. 818

Arbitration Treaty Between the United States of America and Latvia, Signed at Riga, January 14, 1930²

The President of the United States of America and the President of the Republic of Latvia

Determined to prevent so far as in their power lies any interruption in the peaceful relations that have always existed between the two nations;

Desirous of reaffirming their adherence to the policy of submitting to impartial decision all justiciable controversies that may arise between them; and

Eager by their example not only to demonstrate their condemnation of war as an instrument of national policy in their mutual relations, but also to hasten the time when the perfection of international arrangements for the pacific settlement of international disputes shall have eliminated for ever the possibility of war among any of the Powers of the world;

Have decided to conclude a treaty of arbitration and for that purpose they have appointed as their respective plenipotentiaries

• The President of the United States of America
  • His Excellency Mr. F. W. B. Coleman, Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States of America to the Republic of Latvia
• The President of the Republic of Latvia
  • His Excellency Mr. Antons Balodis, Minister for Foreign Affairs

who having communicated to one another their full powers found in good and due form, have agreed upon the following articles:

Article I

All differences relating to international matters in which the High Contracting Parties are concerned by virtue of a claim of right made by one against the other under treaty or otherwise, which it has not been possible to adjust by diplomacy, which have not been adjusted as a result of reference to an appropriate commission of conciliation, and which are justiciable in their nature by reason of being susceptible of decision by the application of the principles of law or equity, shall be submitted to the Permanent Court of Arbitration established at The Hague by the Convention of October 18, 1907,³ or to some other competent tribunal, as shall be decided in each case by special agreement, which special agreement shall provide for the organization of such tribunal if necessary, define its powers, state the question or questions at issue, and settle the terms of reference.

The special agreement in each case shall be made on the part of the United States of America by the President of the United States of America by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and on the part of Latvia in accordance with its constitutional laws.

Article II

The provisions of this treaty shall not be invoked in respect of any dispute the subject matter of which

(a) is within the domestic jurisdiction of either of the High Contracting Parties,

(b) involves the interests of third Parties,

(c) depends upon or involves the maintenance of the traditional attitude of the United States concerning American questions, commonly described as the Monroe Doctrine,

(d) depends upon or involves the observance of the obligations of Latvia in accordance with the Covenant of the League of Nations.

Article III

The present treaty shall be ratified by the President of the United States of America by and with the advice and consent of the Senate thereof, and by Latvia in accordance with its constitutional laws.

The ratifications shall be exchanged at Washington as soon as possible, and the treaty shall take effect on the date of the exchange of the ratifications. It shall thereafter remain in force continuously unless and until terminated by one year’s written notice given by either High Contracting Party to the other.

In faith thereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed this treaty in duplicate in the English language, and hereunto affixed their seals.

Done at Riga, the 14th day of January in the year of Our Lord one thousand nine hundred and thirty.

[seal]

F. W. B. Coleman

[seal]

A. Balodis

2. Ratification advised by the Senate, March 22 (legislative day of January 6), 1930; ratified by the President, March 29, 1930; ratifications exchanged at Washington, July 10, 1930; proclaimed by the President, July 14, 1930.
3. Foreign Relations, 1907, pt, 2, p. 1181.