Index

• Advisory Commission of Railway Experts to Russia:
  • Far East, activities, 387, 571.
  • Provisional Government, relations, 116, 125, 156–157, 171.
  • Soviet régime: conference planned, 488, 498, 519, 524, 526, 543; relations, 264, 296, 394–395, 483.
• Afghanistan, provisions of Brest Litovsk treaty, 444.
• Agents-provocateurs 32, 47, 71–72.
• Åland Islands, provisions of Brest Litovsk treaty, 428, 443, 444.
• Alexeev, Gen. M. V., 91, 189, 193, 284, 311, 381, 496.
• Allied and American Diplomatic Missions. See Diplomatic Missions.
• Allied and American Governments (see also under individual countries; Armistice; Communications; Couriers; Diplomatic Missions; Inter-Allied Conference; Intervention; Military Missions; Recognition; Treaty of Brest Litovsk; World War):
  • attitude toward Russian people, 330–331, 390–391, 393, 633, 635, 656.
  • military aid against Germany: official Soviet request, 392, 396, 398, 418, 483; other Russians, request, 496, 507; response, 383, 386, 402, 484, 485, 487–488, 491, 494, 495, 498, 499–501, 517–518, 519.
  • noninterference in Russian affairs, 330, 500, 509, 632, 633, 635–636.
  • representatives and nationals: detention, 585, 642–643, 644–655, 661–663, 665–668, 671–672, 673–679, 687, 691; protest by neutral Ministers against detention, 664–665, 675, 678; Vologda, ejection from, 644, 653, 654, 669–670; withdrawal from Russia, 645, 668, 670–671, 679.
  • war with Soviet Russia, state of, discussion, 620, 641–642, 643, 648–649, 650, 651, 659.
• Allied Governments. See under individual countries.
• Allied Representatives, Joint Committee of, 138.
• American Federation of Labor (see also Samuel Gompers), 115.
  • international socialist conference, attitude, 217.
  • message to Russian labor, 41.
• American Red Cross, 503, 571.
• American Red Cross Commission to Rumania, 321, 326–328.
• American Red Cross Commission to Russia (see also Raymond Robins):
  • activities, 499, 523–524, 531, 687.
  • departure from Petrograd, 389; from Russia, 663, 673.
  • funds, disbursement, 291–292, 294.
  • protest against terror, 685–686; reply of Chicherin, 714–715.
  • relations with Soviet régime withheld, 301, 319.
• Americans, unofficial (see also Exiles):
  • arrests, 671, 672, 673, 674.
  • views, 284, 289, 291, 499, 530, 531.
• Anarchists, 363, 368, 489, 495, 497, 504.
  • arrest by Provisional Government, 99, 104.
  • overthrow by Soviet forces, 497, 499.
  • threat against U. S. Ambassador, 353–354.
• Anarchy, conditions of, 198, 204–205.
• Anderson, Lieut. Col. Henry W., 321, 327, 328, 329.
• Anderson, Paul, arrest, 671, 673, 674.
• Anglo-French conspiracy, charge by Soviet, 585, 666, 667–668, 675, 677–678.
• Annexations. See Peace without annexations or indemnities; Self-determination of peoples.
• Appeal to peoples, Soviet tactics, 45–46, 105, 250, 251, 294, 585.
  • texts, 19, 405–408, 418–419, 420–421.
• Archangel (see also Intervention; North Russia):
  • Allied and American interests, 28, 384, 387, 392, 511, 528.
  • Diplomatic Missions at, 511, 627, 634, 637, 639.
  • munitions, 282, 528, 566.
  • political conditions, 568, 629, 635.
• Ardakhan, provisions of Brest Litovsk treaty, 434, 443, 473.
• Argentina, protest against Soviet terror, 711.
• Armenia, 331, 365, 472, 496, 588.
• Armistice with the Central powers:
  • Allied and American protests, 245, 248–249, 252, 256–257, 272, 276, 283, 289.
  • conditions, U. S. attitude, 252, 253, 279.
  • Dukhonin, General, attitude, 243, 245, 246–247, 251.
  • general, Soviet claim, 249, 250, 294.
  • hostilities, cessation and resumption, 251, 252, 253, 383, 428, 429, 430.
  • soldiers, order to negotiate, 247, 264.
  • Soviet proposals: Nov. 20, 1917, 244; Nov. 29, 1917, 253; Dec. 6, 1917, 258.
  • terms, Dec. 5, 1917, 307; Dec. 15, 1917, 260–263, 318.
  • U. S. Military Attaché interview with Trotsky, 279, 282–283, 288–289, 294–295.
• Armour, Norman, 644, 653, 654, 669–670.
• Arms:
  • manufacture, 163.
  • possession by demobilized soldiers, 280, 285; by workmen, 163, 166, 190, 200, 231, 233, 234, 235.
• Army (see also Death Battalion; Red Army; Volunteer Army; World War):
  • authority after Kerensky’s fall, 241.
  • Brest Litovsk treaty, attitude, 419–420, 423.
  • death penalty, 164, 170, 179, 227.
  • demobilization, 423, 428.
  • demoralization: desertions, 141, 221, 268; discipline lacking, 16, 17, 25, 27, 189, 198, 220–221; murder of officers, 36, 190, 191; propaganda, Bolshevik, 200, 205, 268, 374, 375; propaganda, German, 121, 128, 140, 143, 147, 205, 235, 240, 243, 264, 268, 284, 288, 314, 377, 487.
  • disciplinary measures by Kornilov, 171–172; by Provisional Government, 94, 96, 143, 160, 163, 193, 212.
  • food and clothing, shortage, 245, 264–265, 268, 269, 284, 334.
  • General Staff, last acts, 241, 308.
  • July uprising, part in, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 165–169.
  • March revolution, part in, 2, 4, 8, 17, 139.
  • Moscow district, 226, 227, 344–345.
  • November revolution, part in, 219, 225, 226, 227.
  • officers: brigades of, 221; dispersal of, 36, 190, 191, 308–309, 684, 687.
  • Petrograd garrison, 2, 139, 141, 143, 219, 225, 226, 384.
  • Petrograd Soviet, relations, 42, 46–47, 51, 55, 63, 83–85, 141–142, 194, 219.
  • Provisional Government, relations, 6, 166.
  • Soviet régime, relations, 34, 141, 219, 237.
  • statistics, 150.
  • Zemstvos, relations, 273, 285.
• Associated Governments. See Allied and American Governments.
• Asylum, British and French representatives in U. S. Consulate General (Norwegian Legation), 667, 671, 672, 679.
• Atrocities. See Czecho-Slovaks; Terror.
• Austria-Hungary. See Central powers.
• Bakhmeteff, Boris, 153, 157, 158n, 579.
• Bakhmeteff mission. See Russian Extraordinary Embassy.
• Baku, 434, 574, 584, 603.
• Balkans, Russian diplomacy in, 69–71.
• Baltic provinces, 381, 492.
  • provisions of Brest Litovsk treaty, 442, 443.
• Baltic provinces and Poland, self-determination of, German attitude, 411, 413, 420–421, 423, 432, 437, 599.
• Bank, State, Bolshevik control, 237.
• Banks:
  • closure, 240.
  • nationalization, 365, 408, 588; German attitude, 527; reversal contemplated, 526.
  • people’s, 143.
  • withdrawals limited by Soviet, 269, 362, 368.
• Batum, provisions of Brest Litovsk treaty, 434, 443, 473.
• Belgium:
  • Brest Litovsk treaty, attitude, 356.
  • protest against Soviet terror, 710.
  • Soviet régime, attitude toward recognition, 332.
  • withdrawal of representatives, 661, 663.
• Berkman, Alexander, 200, 201, 203, 322, 353.
• Bessarabia:
  • independence, 360.
  • Russo-Rumanian agreement, 492.
• Bolsheviks (see also Communist Party; Revolution, November; Soviet régime), 165, 201, 203, 232, 312, 313, 380, 678–679.
  • anarchists, relations, 104.
  • Brest Litovsk treaty, attitude, 433–434, 484.
  • Congress of Peasants’ Deputies, relations, 165, 215.
  • Congress of Soviets, relations, 142, 165, 166, 215, 232, 293.
  • Cossacks, relations, 308–311, 320.
  • coup d’état, 224–241, 333.
  • divergencies among, 237, 489, 492.
  • German pay, 98, 162, 167, 168, 169, 333.
  • July, 1917, uprising, 159–161, 162–163, 165–169.
  • Kronstadt revolt, attitude, 95.
  • Petrograd Soviet, relations, 30, 34, 165, 166, 196, 205, 209, 215.
  • policies, 30, 205, 294, 400.
  • popular attitude, 302, 400, 559, 619.
  • Provisional Government, demonstrations against, 40, 45, 98, 99, 103–104, 167–168, 193, 200, 202, 210.
  • World War, attitude, 102, 166.
• Bosphorus. See Constantinople and the Straits.
• Bourgeoisie, Soviet attitude, 495–496, 504–505, 512, 521, 554, 684.
• Breshkovskaya, EkaterinaK., 210, 291–292, 294.
• Brest Litovsk. See Treaty of; Armistice.
• Brusilov, Gen. A. A., 50, 91, 171.
• Bukowski, Lieut. P. I., 517, 658.
• Bulgaria:
  • protest against Soviet terror, 694, 716–717.
  • representative in Soviet Russia, 554.
• Burri, Alfred T., arrest, 673, 674.
• Cablegrams. See Communications.
• Cadet Party. See Constitutional Democratic Party.
• Calendar, changed to accord with western, 369.
• Cantacuzene, Major General Prince, on conditions under Soviet, 332–335.
• Capital, removal to Moscow, discussion, 26, 192, 195, 210.
• Caucasus (see also North Caucasus; Southeastern federation; Trans-Caucasus), 302, 539, 602–603.
• Central Executive Committee, All-Russian (see also Congress of Soviets; Soviet régime):
  • authority, 142, 283, 581, 589, 590–591, 592–593.
  • Brest Litovsk treaty, attitude, 419–421, 433–434, 434–435.
  • composition, 142, 237, 366.
  • German advance, attitude, 386.
  • Lenin and Trotsky, criticism, 384.
• Central powers (see also Germany):
  • advance into Russia, 509.
  • protest of consuls against treatment of foreigners, 676, 678, 697–698.
  • self-determination of peoples, attitude, 406.
  • supplies obtainable in south Russia, 496, 515.
• Chamber of Commerce of the United States, message to Provisional Government, 205–206.
• Cheidze, N. S., 16, 18, 21, 32, 63, 162, 206.
• Cheka. See Extraordinary Commission against Counter-Revolution.
• Chernov, V. M., 160, 171, 231, 237, 246, 265, 305.
• Chicherin, George V.:
  • appointment as Assistant Commissar for Foreign Affairs, 363.
  • foreign relations, report, 581–586.
  • French Ambassador, request for recall, 509–510.
  • internment in England, 268, 274, 319.
  • intervention, statements regarding, 516, 659–660.
  • terror, replies to protests: American Red Cross Commission to Russia, 714–715; Diplomatic Missions, neutral, 705–708.
  • treatment of foreigners, response to protests, 678.
  • war, state of, between Soviet régime and Associated Governments, views, 641, 642, 643, 648–649, 650, 651, 659–660.
  • withdrawal of Allied and American Diplomatic Missions, views, 623, 627, 637, 640, 647, 656, 657.
• China (see also Diplomatic Missions, Allied and American):
  • embargo on tea to Russia, 520, 537, 543.
  • protest against Soviet terror, 701.
  • Root mission, contact, 120, 132.
• Church and state, 589, 595.
• Church, Russian Orthodox, 15, 369, 485, 540.
• Clothing, shortage, 265, 269, 284, 334, 335.
• Code messages (see also Communications):
  • British suppression between Russian Embassies, 493, 494, 495, 496–497, 502–503.
  • Soviet prohibition to Allied and American representatives, 520, 522, 523, 524, 544–545.
  • U. S. suppression of Russian Embassy’s, discussion, 559, 561.
• Colombia, protest against Soviet terror, 717–718.
• Colonies, Soviet views, 365, 404, 588.
• Commissars, Council of People’s, 591–592.
• Committee of Safety. See National Committee of Defense.
• Communications of Allied and American representatives with home governments, suppression (see also Code messages), 621, 624, 627, 634, 638, 645, 646, 651, 655, 659.
• Communist Party, origin, 398.
• Compensation for losses to subjects of Central powers, 515, 539.
• Conference. See Democratic Conference; Inter-Allied Conference at Paris; Moscow Conference.
• Conference of Soviets of Workmen’s and Soldiers’ Deputies, All-Russian, 28–31.
• Confiscation (see also Industrial interests; Nationalization), 30, 31, 59; constitutional provision, 596.
• Congress of Cossacks, All-Russian, war-peace program, 101.
• Congress of Delegates from the Front, 23.
• Congress of Peasants’ Deputies, All-Russian:
  • Bolsheviks, relations, 165, 215.
  • Congress of Soviets of Workmen’s and Soldiers’ Deputies, union in executive committee, 162, 165.
  • Inter-Allied Conference, delegate, 211.
  • Provisional Government, relations, 97.
  • Soviet régime, relations, 237–238.
• Congress of Soviets of Workmen’s and Soldiers’ Deputies, All-Russian:
  • executive committee unites with Congress of Peasants’ Deputies, 162, 165.
  • I Congress (June 16 to July 7, 1917):
    • Bolsheviks, relations, 165, 166, 215.
    • Central Executive Committee, 142.
    • Petrograd Soviet, relations, 142.
    • Provisional Government, relations, 98, 99–101, 142, 162, 170.
    • war, attitude, 99–102, 105–106.
  • II Congress (Nov. 7–9, 1917):
    • Bolshevik ministry named, 232, 293.
    • Central Executive Committee, 237.
    • land, nationalization, 232.
    • peace program, 242.
    • Soviet power proclaimed, 227.
  • III Congress (Jan. 23–31, 1918):
    • Brest Litovsk treaty negotiations, attitude, 356, 428.
    • Central Executive Committee, 366.
    • domination over Constituent Assembly, 331–332, 360.
    • loans, state, repudiation, 359, 360.
    • program, 365–366.
    • statistics, 360, 364–365.
  • IV Congress (Mar. 14–17, 1918):
    • Brest Litovsk treaty, ratification, 390, 401, 434–435, 436, 440, 441.
    • message from President Wilson, 395, 399–400.
    • nonrepresentative character, 400.
  • V Congress (July 4–10, 1918):
    • anti-German feeling, 573.
    • constitution adopted, 587n .
• Congress of Soviets of Workmen’s, Peasants’, Cossack and Red Army Deputies, All-Russian (see also Congress of Soviets above), 589, 590, 592–593.
• Congress of Soviets of Workmen’s, Soldiers’ and Peasants’ Deputies. See Congress of Soviets of Workmen’s and Soldiers’ Deputies.
• Constantinople and the Straits, 23, 44, 48, 70.
• Constituent Assembly:
  • authority, 6, 253, 267, 298, 325.
  • Bolsheviks, relations, 275, 301, 315, 325.
  • Brest Litovsk treaty negotiations, attitude, 323, 332, 352, 388.
  • dissolution by Soviet régime, 271, 298, 302, 305–306, 317–318, 350, 354, 355, 357.
  • elections, 250, 267, 270, 272, 300, 304–305, 344.
  • loans, repudiation, attitude, 352, 359.
  • popular attitude, 222, 302, 351, 355, 560.
  • Provisional Government, relations, 5, 7, 26, 80, 107, 212–214, 274–275, 291.
  • sessions, 260, 272, 295, 331, 351, 352.
  • Soviets, relations, 30, 242, 331–332, 360.
• Constitution of the Russian Socialist Federated Soviet Republic, 587–597.
• Constitutional Convention. See Constituent Assembly.
• Constitutional Democratic Party (see also Guchkov; Milyukov).
  • Constituent Assembly, arrest of delegates, 302, 305, 306, 354.
  • Germans, rapprochement, 535, 545, 565, 574–575, 619.
  • resignation of ministers, 159, 160, 161–162, 163–164, 165.
• Consuls. See under Allied and American Governments, representatives; Diplomatic immunity.
• Contributions. See Industrial interests; Peace without annexations or indemnities.
• Cooperative Societies, 143, 213, 537, 571.
• Cossacks (see also Congress of Cossacks; Kaledin; Semenov):
  • Brest Litovsk treaty, attitude, 309.
  • food and fuel supply of Russia, control, 302, 309.
  • forces, 245–246, 280, 310, 404, 566.
  • Soviet régime, relations, 300, 301, 302, 308–311, 320, 492.
  • Ukraine, relations, 311–312, 320, 584.
• Council. See Soviet.
• Council of the Republic. See Pre-Parliament.
• Counter-revolution (see also Extraordinary Commission against), charges:
  • Diplomatic Missions, neutral, 694, 708.
  • France and Great Britain, 585, 666, 667–668, 675, 677–678.
  • Russians, 560, 563, 707, 715.
• Couriers, discussion of, 233, 303–304, 318, 320, 409.
• Courland (see also Baltic provinces):
  • provisions of Brest Litovsk treaty, 600–602.
  • self-determination of, German attitude, 413, 420, 421, 423, 437.
• Crimea, 533, 539, 555.
• Cromie, Capt. Francis N. A., murder, 665–666, 668, 675–676, 688.
• Cuba, protest against Soviet terror, 708.
• Czecho-Slovak forces:
  • activities, 566, 662.
  • atrocities, charges, 701–702, 706.
  • detention, 645, 648, 687.
  • disarmament, 561, 565.
  • German aid offered against, 564–565.
  • reprisal threat by Soviet, 645, 701–702.
  • support by Allied and American powers, Soviet protest, 623.
• D’Arcy, M., arrest, 677.
• Dardanelles. See Constantinople and the Straits.
• Davis, Jerome, 284, 289.
• Death battalion (see also Women’s battalion), 280, 284.
• Death penalty. See Army.
• “Declaration of the rights of the laboring and exploited people,” 587–589.
• Decrees, Soviet (see also Banks):
  • army officers, rank, 300, 304, 307.
  • arrest of Allied and American nationals of military age, 661–662, 665–666, 668.
  • banks, withdrawals, 269, 362.
  • courts, 300.
  • industries nationalized, 297, 300.
  • intervention, views of Minister, 731–732.
  • land nationalized, 232, 242, 299, 304, 365.
  • loans, state, repudiation, 300, 307.
  • peace, 293.
  • recall of delegates, 305.
  • rent, 306–307, 314.
• Democratic Conference:
  • Bolsheviks, relations, 201, 202.
  • plans and policies, 191–192, 195, 196, 197.
  • Provisional Government, relations, 206, 209.
  • sessions, 199, 200, 202, 204.
• Democratic Council. See Pre-Parliament.
• Denikin, Gen. A. I., 306, 308, 311.
• Denmark (see also Diplomatic Missions, neutral; Neutral powers):
  • Bolshevik propaganda, Scandinavian conference to prevent, 728.
  • protest against Soviet terror, 695, 703.
  • recognition of Soviet régime, attitude, 300, 731.
  • violation of legation, 369, 370.
  • withdrawal of representatives, 718–719, 730.
• Dictatorship of:
  • Lenin, 237, 552.
  • proletariat, 30, 59, 505, 512, 521, 532, 589.
  • Soviet régime, 270–271, 294.
• Dietrichs, General, 245.
• Diplomacy, secret, to be abolished, 243, 249, 288, 638, 646, 649, 655, 656.
• Diplomatic and consular service, previous régimes, relations with Soviet régime, 230, 257, 283.
  • France, 287–288.
  • Japan, 290.
  • Norway, 286–287.
  • Switzerland, 548–549.
• Diplomatic and consular service, Soviet régime, 363, 401, 551, 554.
• Diplomatic Commission. See Special Diplomatic Mission to Russia.
• Diplomatic immunity, violations by Soviet régime (see also Retaliatory measures):
  • arrests: Allied Consuls General, 643, 652, 675; British representative, 667, 668, 671, 677, 691; Rumanian Minister, 353, 357, 377, 378, 477–482.
  • communications, suppression, 621, 624, 627, 634, 638, 645, 646, 651, 655, 659.
  • ejection of Allied representatives from Vologda, 644, 653, 654, 669–670.
  • invasions of missions and consulates, 353, 362, 369, 370, 477, 479, 652, 658.
  • murder of British attaché, 665–666, 668, 675–676, 688.
  • promises of, made and broken, 642, 643, 647–648, 651–652, 658–659.
• Diplomatic Missions, Allied, American, and neutral:
  • funds, withdrawal limited by Soviet, 368.
  • Rumanian Minister, demand for release, 477–478, 480–481.
• Diplomatic Missions, Allied and American (see also Allied and American Governments; Diplomatic immunity; Retaliatory measures; Russian Extraordinary Embassy; Special Diplomatic Mission):
  • address to the Russian people, 302, 319, 633–636.
  • conferences, 245, 250, 287, 294, 320–321, 350–351.
  • Constituent Assembly, attitude, 268, 274.
  • good offices and mediation in Kornilov revolt, offer, 187–189.
  • guard by Soviet, protest, 621, 626, 654.
  • recognition of Soviet régime, attitude, 245, 248, 250, 279, 287.
  • removal: to Vologda, 384–389, 401, 484, 488, 511, 557, 633; to Moscow, Soviet request, 521, 581, 585, 618–622, 625, 626, 633, 636, 637, 646–647, 656–657; to Archangel, 622–624, 627–640, 646–647, 655–656; remaining representatives from Vologda, 644, 653, 654, 669–670.
  • withdrawal from Russia, discussion of significance, 627, 637, 639, 647, 656.
• Diplomatic Missions, neutral (see also Neutral powers):
  • charges by Soviet: counter-revolution, 694, 708; interference in Russian affairs, 705.
  • detention of Allied and American representatives and nationals, protest, 664–665.
  • German and Austrian Consuls General join protests, 676, 678, 697–698.
  • terror, protest, 694, 697–698; reply of Chicherin, 705–708.
  • violation of British Embassy and arrests, protest, 675, 678.
  • withdrawal of certain, 730, 731.
• Diplomatic privileges, abuse by Soviet régime, 722–723, 730–731.
• Diplomatic service, Russian, code telegrams suppressed by Great Britain, 493, 494, 495, 496–497, 502–503.
• Dominican Republic, protest against Soviet terror, 700–701.
• Dukhonin, Gen. N. N.:
  • Allied and American Missions, relations, 241, 248.
  • armistice, refusal to negotiate, 243, 245, 246–247, 251, 280.
  • murder, 291, 308.
• Duma. See Duma, Fourth; Petrograd City Duma.
• Duma, Fourth:
  • dissolution, 2, 141.
  • Executive Committee, powers, 2, 7, 9.
  • Petrograd Soviet, relations, 10, 11, 26, 43.
  • Provisional Government, relations, 4, 6, 22, 175.
• Dumas, Conference of the Four, 55–63.
• Ecuador, protest against Soviet terror, 709.
• Educational campaign in Russia, U. S. See Publicity.
• Embargo:
  • munitions and provisions, United States to Russia, 266–267.
  • tea, China to Russia, 520, 537, 543.
• Emerson, Col. George H., 498, 519, 524, 526, 552.
• Esthonia (see also Baltic provinces):
  • provisions of Brest Litovsk treaty, 443, 599, 600–602.
  • self-determination of, German attitude, 413, 420, 437.
• Estland. See Esthonia.
• Exiles returned from America, violence of, 201, 203, 380.
• Extradition of political refugees, Elihu Root on, 114–115.
• Extraordinary Commission against Counter-Revolution, 581, 681, 682, 684, 685, 691.
• Factories:
  • nationalization, 297, 300, 365, 514, 588.
  • technical aid, 495.
• Federal government of Russia, plans, 346, 415, 417, 555, 630.
• Fedor Chilov, sinking by German submarine, 534.
• Finland:
  • Bolshevism, attitude, 229, 302.
  • boundaries with Soviet Russia, disputes, 539, 584–585.
  • Brest Litovsk treaty, provisions, 443, 600.
  • constitution of Soviet Russia, provisions, 588.
  • Fort Ino, German-Finnish occupation, 508, 527, 529, 532, 533, 538.
  • independence, struggle for, 35–36, 169, 196, 199, 201, 204, 283.
  • Murman, activities, 527, 539, 542, 546.
  • recognition by France, 367; by Soviet Russia, 336, 365; by United States, discussion, 336.
  • Red Guards, assisted by Soviet Russia, 492, 533.
  • safe passage for Allied and American representatives and nationals, 661, 662.
  • war, state of, with Soviet Russia, discussion, 584–585.
  • White Guards, assisted by Germany, 381, 435, 504, 513, 519.
• Food supply:
  • distribution, defects, 2, 136–137, 264, 266, 333–334.
  • German occupation of Ukraine, effects, 515, 525.
  • hoarding and requisition, 185, 333, 334, 343, 515, 528, 554, 559, 574.
  • shortage: causes, 164, 302; in army, 245, 264, 265, 268, 269, 284, 334; in cities, 343–344, 515, 528, 619; under Imperial régime, 2, 3, 8, 11, 12; under Provisional Government, 21, 31, 159, 162, 172, 184–185; under Soviet régime, 237, 265, 278, 333, 343–344, 358, 362, 386, 501, 512, 515, 518, 528, 554, 559, 575, 619, 730, 732.
  • Siberian grain, importance, 575–576.
• France (see also Allied and American Governments; Communications; Couriers; Diplomatic Missions; Inter-Allied Conference; Intervention; Military Missions; Propaganda, Bolshevik; Recognition; World War):
  • aid to Soviet régime against Germany, 383, 386, 398, 485.
  • Ambassador: recall demanded by Soviet, 509–510, 511, 513–514, 522; removal from Petrograd, 387, 388, 392, 488, 618–640.
  • armistice, Russo-German, attitude, 272.
  • arrest of Consul General at Moscow and nationals, 642, 643, 646, 648, 651, 652, 658, 661–662, 665–666, 668, 677, 687, 691.
  • asylum of representatives in U. S. Consulate General (Norwegian Legation), 667, 671, 672, 679.
  • Bolsheviks: arrest charged by Soviet, 659; execution charged by Soviet, 642, 643, 659.
  • Brest Litovsk treaty: protest suggested, 435; statement, 438–439.
  • conspiracy against Soviet régime, charges, 585, 666, 667–668, 675, 677–678.
  • Consulate General at Moscow, violation, 652, 658.
  • hostages, women, protest, 681, 719.
  • interference in Russian affairs, charges, 272–273, 317.
  • internment of nationals, 585.
  • Lenin, charged with murderous attack on, 678.
  • military situation, joint note to Russia, 196–197, 203, 207–208, 219.
  • policy in Russia, 330–331, 528.
  • Russian troops in France, 585, 651, 654.
  • socialist delegation to Russia, 27.
  • Southeastern Russia and the Caucasus, relations, 357, 358.
  • terror, protest, 693.
  • Ukraine, relations, 317, 331.
  • ultimatum to Rumania, attitude, 481.
  • visa of Soviet passports, 318, 371.
  • war aims, note to Russia, 86–89, 92, 95.
• Fraternization at the front, 50–51, 66, 84, 121, 140, 365, 588.
• Galicia, Russian offensive, 91, 99, 134, 143.
• Georgia, provisions of Brest Litovsk treaty, 602.
• Germany (see also Armistice; Central powers; Finland; Intervention, German; Prisoners; Propaganda; Recognition; Submarine warfare; Treaty of Brest Litovsk; Ukraine; World War):
  • advance into Russia before Brest Litovsk peace, 383, 385, 386, 393, 394; discussion by Great Britain, 391.
  • agents in Russia, 243, 325, 405.
  • Ambassador in Soviet Russia: Mirbach, activities, 505, 505–506, 513, 515, 520, 533–534, 540, 545, 555; Mirbach, assassination, 572–573, 577, 582–583; Helfferich, arrival, 583; Helfferich, withdrawal, 583, 654.
  • anti-Bolshevik elements, relations, 361, 389, 517, 528, 535, 536, 538, 540, 545, 546, 552, 555, 558, 563–564, 565, 574–575, 619.
  • Bolsheviks, relations, 98, 162, 163, 167, 168, 169, 239, 245, 295, 296, 300, 314, 370, 385, 393–394, 419, 425, 486–488, 490, 517, 527, 538, 545, 563, 564, 567, 569, 580; Sisson documents, 371–378, 380.
  • Chargé in Russia, recall demanded, report, 577–578.
  • commissions in Russia, 318, 354, 409–410, 415, 527, 539, 583.
  • destruction in Allied and American countries, plans, 371–378.
  • financial interests in Russia, 368, 496, 507, 514–515.
  • guard of German troops for Embassy, 577, 581, 582–583, 618, 626–627.
  • interests in Russia assumed by Sweden, 619.
  • peace, plans, 216, 243, 248, 369, 414.
  • safe-conduct for departure of Allied and American representatives from Moscow, 643, 645, 653, 655.
  • self-determination of peoples, attitude, 406, 410–411, 413, 420–421, 423, 432, 437, 599.
  • Soviet Ambassador in Germany, 401.
  • supplies obtainable in Russia, 334, 413, 415, 431, 484, 489, 490, 496, 514, 566, 575–576, 583, 603; confiscations, 515, 583.
  • trade with Russia, 262–263, 415, 515, 539–540, 584.
• Goldman, Emma, 201, 320, 322, 353.
• Gompers, Samuel (see also American Federation of Labor), 16, 18, 21, 32, 55, 194.
• Good offices and mediation in Kornilov revolt, offer of Diplomatic Missions, 187–189.
• Gorky, Maxim, 74, 220, 237.
• Grain. See Food supply.
• Great Britain (see also Allied and American Governments; Communications; Couriers; Diplomatic Missions; Inter-Allied Conference; Intervention; Military Missions; Propaganda, Bolshevik; Recognition; World War):
  • aid to Soviet régime against Germany, 386, 390–391, 398, 498, 499–501.
  • Ambassador, retirement, 219, 330.
  • armistice, Russo-German, attitude, 256–257.
  • arrest of Consul General at Moscow and nationals, 642, 643, 646, 651, 652, 658, 675–676, 677, 678, 687, 691.
  • asylum of representatives in U. S. Consulate General (Norwegian Legation), 667, 671, 672, 679.
  • attaché, murder, 665–666, 668, 675–676, 688, 690, 692.
  • Bolsheviks: arrest charged by Soviet, 659; execution charged by Soviet, 642, 643, 659.
  • Brest Litovsk treaty, statement, 438–439.
  • code privileges between Russian Embassies withheld, 493, 494, 495, 496–497, 502–503.
  • commissioner, 330, 390, 624, 629.
  • conspiracy against Soviet régime, charges, 585, 666, 667–668, 675, 677–678.
  • Consulate General at Moscow, violation, 652, 658.
  • detention of nationals of military age, 661–662, 665–666, 668.
  • Embassy: departure via Finland, 387, 388, 392, 488; violation, 665–666, 668, 675–676, 678.
  • hostages, women, protest, 681, 719.
  • internment of nationals in Russia, 585; of Russian socialists in England, 268, 274, 276, 282, 285, 319.
  • military situation, joint note to Russia, 196–197, 203, 207–208, 219.
  • policy in Russia, 330–331, 393, 499–500.
  • relations, informal: with de facto governments in Russian provinces, 357, 358, 379; with Soviet régime, 337, 379.
  • representative, special: activities, 337, 379, 493–494, 499, 525–526; arrest, 667, 668, 671, 677, 691; withdrawal, 679.
  • retaliatory measures proposed for murder of attaché, 666, 690, 692.
  • terror, protest against, 699, 712.
  • visa of Soviet passports, 318, 370.
  • war aims, note to Russia, 86–90, 91, 92, 95.
• Greece:
  • nationalization by Soviet of Greek property, 514.
  • protest against Soviet terror, 709.
• Guatemala, protest against Soviet terror, 704.
• Guchkov, Alexander I, 61, 64–66, 311.
  • resignation, 52, 77–78.
• Haiti, protest against Soviet terror, 695.
• Halsey, Rev. Jesse, 537, 542, 546.
• Hartwig, N. de, 69–70.
• Henderson, Arthur, 92, 98–99, 106, 135, 138.
• Hicks, Capt. W. L., 483, 503.
• Honduras, protest against Soviet terror, 709–710.
• Horn, Henry J., 264, 296.
• Horvat, Gen. Dmitri L., 132, 571.
• Hostages, 631, 642, 645, 651, 652, 662, 664–665, 676, 677, 684, 687.
  • Diplomatic Missions, discussion by Soviet of detention, 630, 634, 650, 651.
  • efforts of Allied and American representatives to limit practice of taking, 680–681, 712–713, 719–721.
  • United States, attitude, 720.
  • women and children, 680–681, 701, 702, 712–713, 719–721.
• House, Col. Edward M., 243, 255–256, 271, 510.
• Imperial Russian Government (see also Duma, Fourth):
  • disorganization, 2, 139.
  • Ministers, arrest and trial, 2, 4.
  • war, attitude, 26, 139.
• Indemnities. See Peace without annexations or indemnities; Treaty of Brest Litovsk.
• Industrial interests:
  • foreign: forced contributions and arrests, 489, 495, 502, 503.
  • nationalization, 242, 297, 300, 365, 514, 588, 596.
  • Russian: anti-Soviet combination, 558, 560–561, 563–564; Brest Litovsk treaty, attitude, 490; conditions after revolution, 94, 140–141, 143, 213; Constituent Assembly, attitude, 560; forced contributions, 489, 495, 515; German alliance offered, 558, 563–564, 565; Provisional Government, attitude, 178, 180–181, 190, 193.
• Inter-Allied Conference at Paris, 211, 212, 215, 217, 219, 241, 255, 280, 293.
• Inter-Ally Priority Board (Michelsen commission). See Joint Committee of Allied Representatives. See also Milner commission.
• International Red Cross, 687, 712, 721n.
• International socialist conference, 105, 170, 217.
• Intervention, Allied and American (see also Archangel; Murman; Vladivostok):
  • Archangel: British and French forces 624, 629, 631, 634–635; German attitude, 520, 600; protest by Soviet, 623, 642, 650, 651, 653, 659, 664, 669; U. S. cooperation, 580, 624, 669n, 672.
  • discussion by: Allied Premiers, 561; British representative, 525–526; Danish Minister, 732; Diplomatic Missions, 516; French Ambassador, 509n; General Niessel, 528–529; Japanese Chargé, 523; Soviet Foreign Commissar, 659–660; U. S. Ambassador, 491, 519–521, 527, 538, 561; U. S. Consul at Harbin, 485; U. S. Consul at Moscow, 574–576, 682; U. S. Military Attaché, 517; U. S. Secretary of Embassy, 691.
  • France, attitude, 528–529.
  • Great Britain, attitude, 499–501.
  • Murman: British and French forces, 390, 396, 486, 504, 528, 531, 532, 537, 538, 541–542, 561, 574, 585, 629; evacuation desired by Germany, 504, 520, 526, 527, 536, 539, 541, 553, 556, 564, 600; Soviet attitude, 541–542, 561, 563, 564, 585, 623; U. S. cooperation, 390, 396, 538, 546, 629.
  • objects: German domination, prevention, 500, 509n, 528, 546, 552, 555, 565, 574, 580; munitions, guarding, 282, 384, 387, 391, 392, 500, 517, 528.
  • Russian attitude: popular opinion, 496, 507, 521, 538, 565, 669; Socialist-Revolutionist Party, 540–541; Soviet request for aid awaited, 516, 517, 520, 521, 526, 536–537, 541; Soviet views, 396, 520, 586.
  • Siberia: 483, 498, 509, 520, 523, 576.
  • U. S. approval awaited, 396, 516, 526.
• Intervention, German:
  • advance into Russia after Brest Litovsk peace, 393, 394, 484, 496, 501, 508, 512, 513, 533, 553, 557, 580, 583; attitude of German parties, 529, 532, 545; reasons, 516–517, 520, 533.
  • Russian factions, attitude, 361, 389, 490, 517, 528, 535, 538, 545, 546, 552, 565, 566, 575, 619.
  • Soviet régime, attitude, 506, 507, 512–513, 516, 520, 539, 553–554, 577.
• Intervention, Japanese, separate, 483, 498.
  • Allied and American opposition sought by Soviet, 398, 402.
  • British representative, views, 493–494.
  • Diplomatic Missions, views, 493.
  • France, attitude, 528–529.
  • Great Britain, attitude, 391, 393, 500.
  • Japanese Ambassador, views, 285, 390.
  • Russian attitude, 367, 394–395, 396, 496, 504, 516, 538.
  • U. S. Ambassador, views, 402, 519, 520.
  • Vladivostok, landing, 509n.
• Italy (see also Allied and American Governments; Communications; Couriers; Diplomatic Missions; Inter-Allied Conference; Military Missions; Recognition; World War):
  • Albanian policy, 93.
  • arrest of nationals, 668.
  • Bolshevik propaganda, plan to control, 728–729.
  • Brest Litovsk treaty, attitude, 438–439.
  • interests in Moscow assumed by Swedish Consul General, 644.
  • military situation, joint note to Russia, 196–197, 203, 207–208, 219.
  • terror: attitude, 696; Consul General’s description, 691.
  • violation of Embassy, 353, 362, 479.
  • war aims, note to Russia, 92, 95.
  • withdrawal of representatives and nationals, 661, 663, 668.
• Japan (see also Allied and American Governments; Communications; Diplomatic Missions; Inter-Allied Conference; Intervention; Military Missions; Recognition):
  • Ambassador, arrest ordered, 564.
  • Consul General at Moscow: accord with Allies, 642, 649–650; arrest of Allied nationals at Moscow, protest, 642, 643, 651, 652; withdrawal from Russia, 645, 653.
  • diplomatic relations with Soviet régime, discussion, 355–356, 361–362, 397.
  • estrangement sought by Soviet: from Allies, 532; from United States, 403, 502, 504, 510, 529, 538, 545, 582, 585, 672.
  • Manchuria, troops in, 388.
  • retaliatory measures toward Soviet proposed by Great Britain, attitude, 692.
  • Root mission, contacts, 121, 129, 130.
  • terror, protest against, 700.
• Jews, 7, 25, 26, 27.
• Joffe, A., 371, 372, 378, 486.
• Joint Committee of Allied Representatives, 138.
• Judson, Brig. Gen. William V., 109, 130.
  • interview with Trotsky, 279, 282–283, 288–289, 294–295.
  • protest against armistice, 252, 276.
  • views, 266–267, 269–270, 272–273, 282–283, 360–361.
• July 1917 uprising, 159–161, 162–163, 165–169.
• Kaledin, Gen. Alexis M., 280, 284, 306, 308, 309, 311, 320.
  • Allied support, discussion, 317, 322.
  • U. S. support, discussion, 321, 326.
• Kalpashnikov incident, 321–322, 326–330.
• Kamenev (Rosenfeld), L. B., 237, 369–370, 413, 724.
• Karakhan, L. M., 259, 651.
• Kars, provisions of Brest Litovsk treaty, 434, 443, 473.
• Kerensky, Alexander F.:
  • Commander in Chief of the Army, 194.
  • family, measures of terror against, 684.
  • Minister of Justice, 16, 22–23.
  • Minister of War, 66, 91, 96, 97–98, 159, 160, 163, 166.
  • Premier, 163, 164, 168, 170, 174, 175, 225; Associated Press interview, 217–218, 220, 221–223; Bolsheviks, armed conflict with, 228, 229–230, 231–233, 234, 236, 239; flight, 224, 228, 229, 291, 292–293; Kornilov revolt, 178, 179, 186–190.
  • proposed visit to United States, 536, 563, 567, 568, 578–579.
• Kerth, Lieut. Col. Monroe C., 245, 252, 272, 276, 289.
• Kokoshkin, F. F., 302, 354n.
• Kolchak, Admiral Alexander V., 125, 571.
• Kolontai, Mme A.M., 314, 380.
• Kornilov, Gen. Lavr G.:
  • Bolsheviks, armed conflict with, 404.
  • Commander in Chief of the Army, 171–172, 174, 182.
  • death, 505.
  • Kerensky, revolt against, 178, 179, 186–190; motives and results, 187, 192, 193, 278; offer of good offices, Diplomatic Missions, 187–189.
  • refuge in Don Territory, 284, 291, 296, 306, 308.
  • Volunteer Army, 381, 496.
• Kronstadt revolt, 36, 95, 96, 125.
• Krylenko, N. V., 245, 251.
• Kühlmann, Richard von, 428, 430.
• Labor (see also Railway employees; Telegraph employees):
  • compulsory: Congress of Soviets, attitude, 365; constitutional provisions, 588, 589; Germany, attitude, 518, 574.
  • control of industry, 242, 297, 346, 365, 588.
  • demands, 20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 86, 140, 143, 185–186.
  • Provisional Government, attitude, 112, 213.
  • right to organize, 213, 589.
  • Soviets, attitude, 358, 570–571; program, 31, 365.
  • strikes: under Imperial Government, 1, 3, 11; under Provisional Government, 12, 16, 21, 104, 159, 204, 209; under Soviet régime, 231, 277–278.
  • unemployment, 512, 515.
• Labor, American, messages to Russia. See American Federation of Labor; Samuel Gompers.
• “Laboring and exploited people, declaration of the rights of the,” 587–589.
• Land:
  • confiscation advocated, 30–31, 59.
  • Congress of Soviets, attitude, 232.
  • industrial interests, attitude, 560.
  • nationalization, 30, 232, 242, 299, 304, 365, 587–588.
  • peasants, attitude, 521, 575.
  • Provisional Government, attitude, 80, 112, 213.
• Land and buildings, rent of, Soviet decree, 306–307, 314.
• Latvia. See Courland; Livonia.
• Lenin, N. (Vladimir Ulyanov):
  • activities before revolution, 375–378.
  • attempted assassination, 480, 668, 677–678.
  • Brest Litovsk treaty, attitude, 360, 401.
  • dictator, 237, 552.
  • doctrines, 30, 59, 224, 504–505, 512, 521, 529, 559.
  • guard for German Embassy, refusal, 577.
  • influenced by Germany, 40, 98, 245, 248, 370, 380, 384, 490, 538.
  • Petrograd Soviet, relations, 34.
  • president of People’s Commissars, 227, 244, 293.
  • Provisional Government, relations, 27, 40, 97–98, 196.
  • Rumanian Minister, attitude toward arrest, 478.
  • tactics, 336–337, 510.
  • U. S. Embassy, attitude, 363, 389.
  • war, state of, between Soviet régime and Associated Governments, views, 641–642, 648, 649, 650.
  • world-wide dictatorship of proletariat, views, 505, 512, 521, 532.
• Leonard, Robert F., arrest, 673, 674.
• Lindley, Francis O., 390, 624, 629.
• Lithuania (see also Baltic provinces):
  • arrests by Germans, 539.
  • provisions of Brest Litovsk treaty, 600–602.
  • self-determination of, German attitude, 413, 420, 421, 423, 437.
• Litvinov, M. M., 337, 665.
  • arrest in Great Britain, 653, 654, 664, 666, 667, 671, 678.
  • nomination as Soviet representative in United States, 551.
• Livland. See Livonia.
• Livonia:
  • provisions of Brest Litovsk treaty, 443, 599, 600–602.
  • self-determination of, German attitude, 413, 420, 437.
• Loans:
  • foreign, repudiation: Congress of Soviets, approval, 359, 360; Constituent Assembly, attitude, 352, 359; constitutional provisions, 588; decree, 300, 307; revision discussed, 359, 526; United States, attitude, 488, 492, 494–495.
  • interior, attitude of workmen and soldiers, 36, 50, 169.
  • U. S., to Provisional Government: discussion, 7, 27, 145–146, 178, 209; stipulations, 28, 40, 43, 161, 218, 252.
• Lockhart, Robert H. B., 337, 493–494, 525–526.
  • arrest, 667, 668, 671, 677, 691.
• London agreement, violation, protest by Allied representatives, 245, 248–249.
• Lvov, Prince George E., 15, 57, 63, 74, 160, 162, 163–164.
• Lunarcharski, A. V., 374, 495–496.
• Maklakov, V. A., on conditions in Russia, 287–288, 366–367.
• Martin, Lieut, (later Capt.) Hugh S., 390, 396, 537, 542.
• Masaryk, Thomas G., 571.
• Maximalists. See Bolsheviks.
• Mediation. See Good offices.
• Mensheviks (see also Social Democratic Party), 231, 232, 366n.
• Merchant navigation, provisions of Brest Litovsk treaty, 443, 600.
• Merchant shipping (see also Transportation):
  • nationalized, 631.
  • offered for sale to Germany, report, 516.
• Mexico, withholds protest against Soviet terror, 699–700.
• Michael Alexandrovich, Grand Duke, 3, 4, 5, 6–7, 11, 572.
• Michelsen commission. See Joint Committee of Allied Representatives.
• Military Industrial Committee, 314, 415.
• Military Missions, Allied and American:
  • armistice, protest, 245, 248–249, 250, 252, 256–257, 272–273.
  • detention, 642, 646–655, 664–665.
  • guarantee of neutrality asked, 644, 653.
  • interference in Russian affairs, charges, 248–249, 272–273, 317.
  • Red Army, aid in organizing, 484, 485, 487, 493, 498.
  • withdrawal, 663, 667–668, 679.
• Military Revolutionary Committee (Bolshevik), 240, 302.
  • November revolution, part in, 226, 227, 233, 242.
• Milner commission, 135, 138.
• Milyukov, Paul N., 159, 216–217, 311.
  • Minister of Foreign Affairs, 3, 4, 21, 35, 44, 66, 78–79.
  • Germans, negotiations, 574–575, 619.
• Minimalists. See Mensheviks; Social Democratic Party.
• Mirbach, Wilhelm, Count von:
  • Ambassador to Soviet Russia, 498, 505–506, 513, 555.
  • assassination, 572–573, 577–578, 582–583.
  • Brest Litovsk treaty, views, 414, 533–534.
  • commissioner in Russia, 409, 414.
  • relations with Russians, 504, 515, 520, 540, 545.
• Moldavian republic. See Bessarabia.
• Monarchist elements, cooperation with Bolsheviks, 278, 296, 313, 485.
• Monarchy, restoration discussed, 333, 558, 561, 574.
• Moscow:
  • conditions under Soviet, 227, 233, 234–235, 237, 268, 340–345, 682.
  • removal of capital to, discussion, 26, 192, 195, 210.
  • Socialist-Revolutionists, seizure by, 573–574.
• Moscow Conference, 170, 177.
  • President Wilson, message, 177.
  • sessions, 178–179, 180–181, 183.
• Moscow Soviet, organization, 340–341.
• Mott, John R., 109, 122, 215, 289.
• Munitions (see also Joint Committee of Allied Representatives; Milner commission):
  • manufacture, 23, 98–99, 106, 137–138, 163, 415.
  • stores, Allied and American, 282, 384, 387, 391, 392, 500, 516, 517, 528, 566; German attitude, 334, 413, 415, 489, 539, 603; Soviet attitude, 539, 566.
• Murman (see also Intervention; North Russia):
  • Allied and American forces: cooperation with local Soviet, 486, 500, 537, 542, 546, 569; recognition of Soviet régime, attitude of officers, 552–553, 562; warships to leave Russian ports, Soviet demand, 563, 564, 585.
  • Allied and American interests, 384, 387, 390, 392, 396, 528, 537.
  • diplomatic representatives at, 624, 625.
  • Finnish activities, 527, 537, 539, 542, 546.
  • German submarine activities, 534, 539, 541, 553.
  • railway, 136.
• National City Bank of New York, 368, 669, 670.
• National Committee of Defense, 228, 229, 238, 274.
• National Council Assembly. See Moscow Conference.
• Nationalities of Russia, rights of, 366, 404, 587, 588–589.
• Nationalization (see also Confiscation):
  • banks, 365, 408, 588.
  • industries, 242, 297, 300, 365, 514, 588.
  • land, 30, 232, 242, 299, 304, 365, 587–588.
  • merchant shipping, 631.
  • railways, 365.
• Navy, 73, 103, 112, 125, 533, 566–567, 603.
• Netherlands (see also Diplomatic Missions, neutral; Neutral powers): [Page 746]
  • Minister in Russia: detained Allied representatives and nationals, efforts in behalf of, 662; report on conditions in Petrograd, 674–679.
  • protest against Soviet terror, 703–704.
  • recognition of Soviet régime, attitude, 286, 298.
• Neutral powers (see also Diplomatic Missions, neutral):
  • recognition of Soviet régime, discussion, 277, 286, 290, 297–298.
• Nicaragua, protest against Soviet terror, 698.
• Nicholas II (see also Imperial Russian Government):
  • abdication, 3, 4, 5, 11.
  • imprisonment, 23.
  • assassination, 621.
• Niessel, Gen. Henri Albert, on conditions under Soviet, 528–529.
• North Caucasus:
  • German influence, 555.
  • independence planned, 535.
• North Russia, provision of Brest Litovsk treaty, 600.
• Norway (see also Diplomatic Missions, neutral; Neutral powers):
  • assumes U. S. interests in Russia, 661, 664, 667.
  • asylum in U. S. Consulate General at Moscow to Allied representatives, 667, 671, 672, 679.
  • Bolshevik propaganda, 722; funds, control suggested, 728–729; Scandinavian conference to prevent, 728
  • Bolshevism, 729, 731.
  • efforts of Minister on behalf of Allied and American representatives, 673, 674, 679.
  • protest against Soviet terror, 696–697.
  • recognition of Soviet régime, attitude, 287, 298.
  • withdrawal of legation, discussion, 731.
• Odessa, political conditions, 66–67, 192, 312, 491, 492.
• Oil, Baku district, 434, 603.
• Panama, protest against Soviet terror, 711.
• Paraguay, protest against Soviet terror, 702.
• Passports (see also Visas):
  • false, 729.
  • Provisional Government, 11.
  • Soviet régime, retaliation threat, 303–304.
• Peace (see also Treaty of Brest Litovsk):
  • Bakhmeteff, Boris A., views, 254–255.
  • Congress of Soviets, program, 242, 365.
  • decree, 293.
  • general: Soviet claim, 252, 258, 294; U. S. Attaché, views, 270, 283.
  • House, Col. Edward M., views, 243.
  • Petrograd Soviet, appeal to peoples, 19.
  • proposals: Soviet, 244–245, 253, 258, 405–408; German, 432–433.
  • Provisional Government, attitude, 39, 75–77, 80, 101, 112, 212.
  • restatement of Allied aims desired by Russians, 238, 254–255, 280; President Wilson, message, 426, 427; U. S. Ambassador, views, 405, 423–424.
  • Russian soldiers, attitude, 235, 237, 414, 423, 546.
  • separate: British view, 256–257; discussion of possibility, 24–25, 27, 83–85, 103, 112, 139, 172–173, 219, 237; German attitude, 216, 243, 248, 369, 414; U. S. Ambassador’s efforts against, 390, 418, 422, 427, 440–441, 478, 481, 484, 508.
  • Ukrainian program, 416–417.
  • “without annexations or indemnities”: Allied policy, 331; American Federation of Labor, views, 41; Congress of Soviets, attitude, 105–106; constitutional provision, Soviet Russia, 588; German attitude, 411, 413, 420–421, 423; Kerensky and others, views, 243; Provisional Government, policy, 39, 74, 112; Soviet régime, program, 253, 404; Ukrainian view, 416; various Russian views, 23, 49, 52, 61, 66, 100–101, 211, 243.
• Peasants (see also Congress of Peasants’ Deputies):
  • Bolshevism, attitude, 237–238, 505, 521, 554, 575, 580, 589, 707.
  • Soviets unite with Petrograd Soviet, 283
• Persia, 262, 365, 444, 474, 588.
  • protest against Soviet terror, 700.
• Peru, protest against Soviet terror, 698–699.
• Petrograd, conditions under Soviet régime, 552, 557, 558, 559, 573n.
• Petrograd City Duma:
  • Constituent Assembly, attitude, 302.
  • November revolution, attitude, 228, 229, 237.
• Petrograd garrison. See under Army.
• Petrograd People’s Revolutionary Commune, 398.
• Petrograd Soviet of Workmen’s and Soldiers’ Deputies (see also Soviet régime):
  • authority: over army and garrison, 42, 46–47, 51, 55, 63, 82, 83–85, 141–142, 194, 219; police power, 45–48, 63, 166; workmen, 22.
  • Bolsheviks, relations, 30, 34, 165, 166, 196, 205, 209, 215.
  • composition, 10, 22, 96, 141–142.
  • Duma, relations, 10, 11, 26, 43.
  • July uprising, attitude, 161, 162, 164.
  • November revolution, part in, 225, 226, 227, 293.
  • peasants’ Soviets, union with, 283.
  • peoples, appeals to, 19, 45–46, 49.
  • Provisional Government, relations: support, 26, 34–35, 58, 59, 95, 98, 108; joint meeting, 43, 174–175; opposition, 40, 41, 42–51, 72, 74, 76, 190, 191, 192, 194, 195–196, 199; coalition, 63–64, 79, 81, 142, 160; domination, 28–29, 59, 141, 171, 174, 225, 226.
  • Root mission, relations, 137.
  • treaties, publication, attitude, 35, 76.
  • war, attitude, 26, 40, 41, 42–51, 74, 83–85.
• Platinum, 694.
• Plekhanov, George V., 181.
• Poland:
  • armed forces, 502.
  • detention of soldiers in Moscow, 648.
  • self-determination: German attitude, 411, 413, 420–421, 437, 439; Petrograd Soviet, attitude, 419–421.
• Polish military committee, protection of embassies, 234, 265.
• Police power, 11, 45–48, 63, 166, 341, 342.
• Pouren case, 114–115.
• Portugal, protest against Soviet terror, 716.
• Pravda (Truth), 60, 74, 413.
  • suppression, 163, 167.
• Pre-Parliament (Democratic Council; Council of the Republic):
  • authority, 202, 206, 214.
  • Bolsheviks, withdrawal, 210.
  • Kerensky, relations, 208–209, 225.
  • sessions, 204, 206, 210, 215, 217, 220, 225.
• Press:
  • censorship, 655–656.
  • freedom, constitutional provision, 589.
  • suppression, 163, 167, 220, 225, 271, 300, 302, 355, 400, 490, 496, 507, 527, 681.
• Prisoners, exchange of, 262, 516, 546.
• Prisoners of war, reports of arming, 388, 483, 485, 489, 496, 499, 502, 563, 565.
• Propaganda, hostile (see also Appeals to peoples; Publicity, U. S.; Revolution, world-wide):
  • Bolshevik: Allied and American countries, 268, 375–378, 380, 391, 485, 722–730, 732; diplomatic privileges, abuse of, 722–723, 730–731; funds, 722, 724, 726, 727, 728, 729; Germany and army, 259, 307, 359, 556, 583, 732; international, 380; Russia and army, 200, 205, 268, 374, 375; through Scandinavian countries, 722–732.
  • German: Allied and American countries, 73, 371–378, 391; Russia and army, 121, 128, 140, 143, 147, 205, 235, 240, 243, 264, 268, 284, 288, 314, 377, 487.
• Protection of Allied and American missions and consulates by:
  • Provisional Government, 9, 201, 219, 233
  • Soviet régime, 265, 266, 354.
  • volunteer Polish committee, 234, 265.
• Protection of foreigners (see also Industrial interests, foreign), 240, 281–282, 313.
• Protection of German Embassy, 577, 578, 581, 582–583, 618, 626–627.
• Provisional Council of the Republic. See Pre-Parliament.
• Provisional Government (see also Army; Constituent Assembly; Loans; Peace; World War):
  • conditions under, 74, 132, 198.
  • expenses, 178.
  • industrial interests, attitude, 178, 180–181, 190, 193.
  • Ministry of Lvov, First (Mar. 15, 1917).
    • authority, 11, 45, 48, 51, 55.
    • coalition proposed, 63–64.
    • composition, 2, 4, 116.
    • Conference of Soviets, relations, 28–29.
    • Duma, relations, 4, 6, 22.
    • Milyukov and Guchkov, resignation, 52, 66, 77–79.
    • Petrograd Soviet, relations, 26, 28–29, 34–35, 40, 41, 42–51, 58, 59, 72, 141.
    • policies, 5, 10–11, 24, 38–39, 54–55.
  • Ministry of Lvov, Coalition (May 18, 1917).
    • anarchists, arrest, 99, 104.
    • authority, 94, 104, 131–132, 141–142, 162, 166.
    • Bolsheviks, demonstration, 98, 99, 103–104.
    • composition, 66, 75, 79, 142.
    • Congress of Peasants’ Deputies, relations, 97.
    • Congress of Soviets, relations, 98, 99–100, 105–106, 142, 162.
    • July uprising, 159–161, 162–163, 164–169.
    • Petrograd garrison, relations, 143.
    • Petrograd Soviet, relations, 74, 76, 79, 81, 95, 98, 108, 142, 160, 171, 174.
    • policies, 75–77, 79–81, 112.
    • railways, U. S. aid, 116, 125, 156–157.
    • resignation of Ministers, 159, 160, 161–162, 163–164, 165.
  • Ministry of Kerensky, First (July 20, 1917).
    • authority, 167–168, 179–180.
    • composition, 163, 170, 171, 175–176.
    • Congress of Soviets, relations, 170.
    • Duma, relations, 175.
    • food shortage and riots, 172, 184–185.
    • Kornilov episode, 171–172, 178, 179, 186–190.
    • Moscow Conference, 170, 177, 178–179, 180–181, 183.
    • Petrograd Soviet, relations, 171, 174, 175, 176, 190.
    • policies, 172–173, 176–177.
    • railways, U. S. aid, 171.
  • Ministry of Kerensky, Second (Sept. 13, 1917).
    • anarchy, conditions of, 198, 204–205.
    • Bolsheviks, relations, 193, 200, 202, 210; armed conflict with, 228, 229–230, 231–233, 234, 236, 239.
    • Committee of Five, 191, 194.
    • composition, 190, 191, 193, 195, 199, 200–201, 206.
    • Democratic Conference, 191–192, 195, 196, 197, 199, 200, 202, 204, 206, 209.
    • fall, 240–241.
    • Kerensky, flight, 224, 228, 229, 291, 292–293.
    • Minister of War, removal, 219–220.
    • Ministers, dispersion, 224, 225, 226, 227, 229, 293.
    • Petrograd Soviet, relations, 191, 192, 194, 195–196, 199, 225, 226.
    • policies, 212–214.
    • Pre-Parliament, 202, 204, 206, 208–209, 210, 214, 215, 217, 220, 225.
    • republic proclaimed, 191, 192.
  • problems, 37, 51, 54.
  • recognition, 6, 12–14.
  • reform measures, 43, 88, 168, 213.
  • War Office, authority after November revolution, 240–241.
  • Ways of Communication department, activities after November revolution, 264, 296.
• Publicity, U. S.:
  • Moscow activities, 269.
  • official speeches, distribution, 128, 129, 133, 426.
  • purpose: counteract German propaganda, 128–129, 235, 270–271; improve Russian Army morale, 147–153, 214–215.
  • railway employees, aid to, 296.
  • war preparations, 121–122, 127.
• Railway employees, 346.
  • civil war, part in, 404, 415.
  • November revolution, part in, 228, 231, 239.
  • shipments of shoes from United States, 296, 329, 537, 543, 571.
  • strikes, 204, 231, 583.
• Railways (see also Advisory Commission of Railway Experts; Transportation; Trans-Siberian Railway):
  • control: German, 496, 501; military, 171; workers, 365.
  • defects, 135–138, 141, 264, 343, 489, 515, 532, 558.
• Recognition of Provisional Government:
  • France, 13.
  • Great Britain, 6, 13.
  • United States, 6, 12–14.
• Recognition of Soviet régime (see also Relations, informal):
  • all governments withhold, 316.
  • Allied officers at Murman, views, 552–553, 562.
  • Belgium, attitude, 332.
  • Bulgaria, 554.
  • Diplomatic Missions, Allied and American: agreement purposed, 248, 250; attitude, 245, 279, 287.
  • France, attitude, 272, 322.
  • Germany, 401, 428, 431, 434, 505–506, 548.
  • Great Britain, attitude, 272, 273, 274, 276, 285, 299, 316, 319.
  • Inter-Allied Conference, attitude, 255.
  • Italy, attitude, 332.
  • neutrals, attitude, importance of, 277, 286, 290, 297–298; Denmark, 300, 731; Netherlands, 286, 298; Norway, 287, 298; Sweden, 297–298; Switzerland, 548–549.
  • Soviet attitude, 250, 303, 498, 535, 538–539, 548.
  • United States: Ambassador, views, 336, 357, 369, 423; Chargé in Denmark, views, 337–338; false press statements, 488, 492, 504, 505, 511; Government, attitude, 253, 254, 257, 271, 289, 294, 487, 547, 550–551, 562; unofficial Americans, views, 271, 291, 530, 531.
• Red Army:
  • activities, 205, 365, 401, 490, 491, 518, 588.
  • Allied and American aid sought, 392, 396, 398, 418, 483, 484, 485, 487, 498, 499–501.
  • American aid: reasons for giving, 392, 487–488, 493, 494, 519; withheld, 402, 495, 498, 517–518.
  • German attitude, 486, 517.
  • purpose, 486, 487, 488, 519.
• Red Cross. See American Red Cross Commission to Russia.
• Red Guard:
  • activities, 60, 260, 266, 291, 302, 305, 358, 362, 483.
  • July uprising, part in, 166.
  • November revolution, part in, 234, 236.
  • staff headquarters, occupation, 308.
• Reed, John, appointment as Soviet consul, 363.
• Relations, informal, United States with Soviet régime:
  • Ambassador views, 325–326, 357, 422, 423–424, 519.
  • commercial attaché as channel, 429, 536.
  • communications, 523, 659.
  • Consul at Moscow as channel, 536, 541, 646–647, 655–658.
  • couriers, 303–304, 320.
  • economic aid, Soviet request, 485.
  • instructions, 381.
  • Lenin, attitude, 363, 389.
  • Marines, consent for entrance, 368.
  • military aid, 386, 392, 396, 398, 402, 418, 483, 484, 485, 487, 488, 493, 494, 495, 498, 517–518, 519.
  • military attaché as channel, 235, 245, 250, 253, 279, 282–283, 288–289, 294–295, 392, 396.
  • Murman, cooperation with local officials, 486, 537, 542, 546, 569.
  • railway matters, 264, 296, 394–395, 483, 488, 498, 519, 526, 543.
  • Robins, Raymond, as channel, 356–357, 358–359, 370, 422.
  • Rumanian-Russian commissions, Soviet request, 488.
  • Soviet attitude, 303–304.
  • war prisoners, 483.
• Rent. See Decrees, Soviet.
• Reprisals. See Hostages; Retaliatory measures.
• Republic, proclaimed by:
  • Provisional Government, 191, 192.
  • Congress of Soviets, 365.
  • Constitution, 587–597.
• Retaliatory measures by Soviet régime:
  • Allied nationals, arrest, 585, 642, 643, 644–655, 658, 663, 687.
  • Ambassadors, Allied and American: “gentle reprisals,” plan, 622; hostages, detention as, plan, 630, 634, 650, 651.
  • American Ambassador, threats against, 320, 321, 323, 362.
  • Czecho-Slovaks, arrest and threats, 585, 645, 701–702.
  • funds of Diplomatic Missions, withdrawal limited, 368.
  • internment of British nationals, threat, 268, 276, 282, 285.
  • Military Missions, detention, 642, 646–655, 664–665.
  • Rumanians, threat, 481, 482.
  • visas, refusal, 303–304, 409.
• Revolution, March (see also Army), 1–14.
  • causes, 67–72.
  • problems, 37, 51.
• Revolution, November (see also Army; Military Revolutionary Committee; Petrograd Soviet; Railway employees), 224–241.
  • cause, immediate, 220, 293.
  • German influence, 333.
  • plans for, 191, 194, 200, 202, 209, 211, 214, 216, 220, 294.
• Revolution, world-wide (see also Propaganda, Bolshevik):
  • Congress of Soviets, plan, 101–102.
  • effect on existing governments, 486, 678–679.
  • Foreign Commissars, statements, 407–408, 419, 707–708.
  • funds, 409, 724, 729.
  • Red Army, purpose of, 486, 487, 488, 519.
  • Soviet tactics, 326, 336, 359, 380, 421, 505, 521, 532, 544, 559, 588.
• Revolutionary Committee. See Military Revolutionary Committee.
• Revolutionists, protests against U. S. arrests of, 200, 201–202, 203, 322–323.
• Robins, Raymond, 327, 328, 329, 501.
  • American Red Cross, messages, 301, 319, 356, 499, 503.
  • communications with Soviet to be withheld, 301, 319.
  • contacts with Soviet régime and U. S. Embassy, 321, 356, 358–359, 363, 369, 370; 389, 394, 398, 418, 422, 426, 484, 485, 487, 488, 508, 519, 526.
  • recall, 523–524, 525, 530–531, 543, 549.
  • recognition of Soviet régime, views, 497, 499, 531.
  • war prisoners, arming, views, 483, 499.
• Rodzyanko, M. V., 2, 33, 55, 284, 311, 565.
• Root, Elihu, on extradition, 114–115.
• Root mission. See Special Diplomatic Mission to Russia.
• Rosen, Baron, 32, 94, 95.
• Ruggles, Lieut. Col. James A., 485, 516–517, 544.
• Rumania:
  • arrest of Minister, 353, 357, 377, 378, 477–482; efforts of Diplomatic Missions for release, 477–478, 480–481; Soviet reasons for arrest, 478, 480, 481.
  • Bessarabia, agreement with Soviet Russia concerning, 492; independence, 360.
  • Bolsheviks, relations, 377–378, 479.
  • interests protected by Great Britain, 378–379.
  • retaliatorv measures by Soviet Russia, 481, 482.
  • Root mission, 120, 128, 146.
  • Russian-Rumanian commissions, 488.
  • war with Soviet Russia, state of, 359.
• Russian Extraordinary Embassy to the United States, 153–158.
  • conversion into ordinary Embassy, 158n.
• Russian Railway Service Corps (see also Advisory Commission of Railway Experts), 524.
• Russian Red Cross, 321, 508, 678.
• Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic, 365, 506.
  • constitution, 587–597.
• Russians:
  • characteristics, 67–69, 71–72, 81, 82, 182–184, 550.
  • political theories, 139–140, 166–167, 398, 532.
• Russkiya Vedomosti, 183, 184, 185, 314, 340–341.
  • suppressed by Soviet, 490.
• Russkoe Slovo, 53, 183, 184, 403.
  • suppressed by Soviet, 300, 496, 507.
• Russo-German peace. See Treaty of Brest Litovsk.
• Salvador, protest against Soviet terror 702.
• Samara, hostages, 701, 702, 713, 719, 721.
• Sands, W. F., on Russian conditions, 277–278.
• Savinkov, Boris V., 176, 178.
• Scavenius, Erik, 718.
• Scavenius, Harald, 676, 731–732.
• Self-determination of peoples, 39, 112, 124, 211, 253, 317.
  • Allied Governments, attitude, 330–331.
  • application to sections of Allied states, 406–407, 419; of Russia, 411.
  • Baltic provinces and Poland, German attitude, 411, 413, 420–421, 423, 432, 437, 599.
  • Central powers, attitude, 406.
  • Congress of Soviets, attitude, 365.
  • Soviet régime, policy, 410–411, 419–421.
  • Ukraine, position, 416.
  • United States, attitude, 427, 542.
• Semenov, Gregory, 489, 507, 524, 571.
• Serbia:
  • interview of Minister with Trotsky, 504.
  • protest against Soviet terror, 710–711.
  • troops in Russia, 281, 491, 631.
• Shingarev, A. I., 302, 305, 354n.
• Shipping. See Merchant shipping; Transportation.
• Shoes, shipments to railway employees, 329, 537, 543, 571.
• Siam:
  • protest against Soviet terror, 693.
  • violation of Legation, 369.
• Siberia (see also Intervention; Kolchak; Semenov; Vladivostok):
  • Bolshevism, growth, 302, 349, 489, 502, 507.
  • governments organized: by Soviet, 535; by various groups, 349, 367, 524.
  • grain, 576.
  • war prisoners, 489.
• Singer Co., forced contributions, 502, 503.
• Sisson, Edgar G., 215, 295, 487.
• Sisson documents, 371–378, 380, 381–382.
• Skobelev, M. I., 211, 215, 217, 219, 293.
• Social Democratic Party, 165, 237.
• Socialist-Revolutionist Party, 350, 425, 679, 684.
  • Constituent Assembly, part in, 300, 354.
  • foreign policy of Soviet, protest, 401, 507, 514, 540–541.
  • Mirbach, responsibility for assassination, 573, 578, 583.
  • revolt, 573–574, 578.
• Socialists, 60, 63, 139–140, 166–167, 264, 265, 304.
  • World War, attitude, 50, 59, 61, 62, 63.
• Socialists, American, 55.
• Society for Promoting Friendly Relations between Russia and the United States, 32–33.
• Southeastern federation, 342, 347–348, 555.
• Soviet. See Congress of Soviets; Petrograd Soviet; Soviet régime.
• Soviet of People’s Commissars, 249, 293, 591–592.
• Soviet of Soldiers’ Deputies, 10.
• Soviet of Workmen’s Deputies, 10, 17.
• Soviet of Workmen’s and Soldiers’ Deputies. See Petrograd Soviet.
• Soviet régime (see also Armistice; Army; Bolsheviks; Central Executive Committee; Decrees; Diplomatic and consular service; Diplomatic immunity; Diplomatic privileges; Finland; Industrial interests; Intervention; Peace; Propaganda; Recognition; Red Army; Red Guard; Relations, informal; Retaliatory measures; Revolution, November; Terror; Treaty of Brest Litovsk; Ukraine; World War):
  • alliance with United States, discussion, 403.
  • Ambassador in Germany, 401.
  • anarchists, relations, 497, 499.
  • appeals to peoples, 105, 250, 251, 294, 585.
  • bad faith, 581–582, 643, 649, 652, 659, 667.
  • Bessarabia, agreement with Rumania concerning, 492.
  • British representative, 337, 379.
  • compromise ministry suggested, 231–232, 233, 234.
  • Congress of Peasants’ Deputies, relations, 237–238.
  • Constituent Assembly, attitude, 271, 298, 302, 305–306, 317–318, 350, 354, 355, 357.
  • Cossacks, relations, 300, 301, 302, 308–311, 320, 492.
  • couriers, 303–304, 318, 409.
  • Czecho-Slovaks, relations, 561, 564, 565, 623, 645, 648, 687, 701–702, 706.
  • dictatorship, 270–271, 294.
  • Diplomatic Missions, Allied and American: removal from Vologda, attitude, 585, 619, 620, 622, 626, 634, 646, 647, 656, 657; withdrawal from Russia, effect on relations, views, 355, 627, 637, 639, 640, 647–648, 656, 657.
  • divergencies among members, 237, 434–435, 489, 492.
  • duration, estimates of probable, 291, 294, 361, 400, 531, 550, 553, 554–555, 558, 559, 566.
  • foreign relations, Commissar’s report, 581–586.
  • formation, 225, 230–231, 244.
  • German Ambassador, 505–506, 583.
  • Germany, influenced by, 295, 296, 300, 314, 333, 370, 380, 385, 393–394, 419, 425, 486, 487, 488, 490, 504, 517, 527, 538, 545, 563, 564, 567, 569, 580; Sisson documents, 371–378.
  • guard for German Embassy, attitude, 577, 578, 581, 582–583; 618, 626–627.
  • hostages; taking of, 642, 645, 651, 652, 676, 677, 680–681, 684, 687; threat, 630, 634, 650, 651.
  • internment of Russians in England, protest, 268, 274, 276, 319.
  • land and peace, promises of, 225, 242, 294, 315.
  • leaders, responsibility for crimes, 642–643, 665, 666, 676, 678, 682, 693, 698.
  • mercenaries, use of, 691.
  • munitions, 415, 566.
  • Murman, cooperation of Allied and American forces with local Soviet, attitude, 486.
  • opposition: industrial interests, 558–560, 561; parties, 231, 237, 302, 306, 350, 401, 507, 514, 540–541, 573–574, 578; peasants, soldiers, and workmen, 216, 225, 226, 237–238, 333, 358, 505, 521, 552, 554, 559, 570–571, 580, 589; treatment of opposing parties, 302, 305, 306, 315, 325, 350, 354, 355, 357, 684.
  • program, 225, 242.
  • railway matters, U. S. aid accepted, 264, 296, 394–395, 483, 488, 498, 519, 524, 526, 543.
  • recall demanded: Consuls at Vladivostok, 516, 520; French Ambassador, 509–510, 511, 513–514, 522; German Chargé, report, 577–578.
  • representatives in United States appointed, 363, 551.
  • Rumanian-Russian commissions, U.S. aid sought, 488.
  • self-determination of peoples, attitude, 410–411, 419–421.
  • submarine warfare, German, protest, 534, 541, 553.
  • war, state of: with Associated Governments, discussion, 620, 641–642, 643, 648–649, 650, 651, 659–660; with Rumania, 359.
  • world-wide revolution, policy, 326, 336, 359, 380, 407–408, 409, 419, 421, 486, 487–488, 505, 519, 521, 532, 544, 558, 678–679, 707–708.
• Soviets, local, 132, 340–341, 434–435, 495, 593–594.
• Spain, protest against Soviet terror, 715–716.
• Special Diplomatic Mission to Russia (Elihu Root, chairman), 92, 110, 112, 113, 125–127, 133–135, 144, 146.
  • members, 109–110.
  • plans and purpose, 107, 108, 110–111, 113–114.
  • presentation, 116–117, 118, 120, 122–124.
  • publicity, discussion, 121–122, 127, 128, 129, 133, 214–215.
  • reports and recommendations, 120–122, 128–129, 131–146, 147–153.
  • transportation, discussion, 135, 138.
• Spitsbergen Archipelago, provisions of Brest Litovsk treaty, 455.
• Stevens, John F., 296.
• Straits. See Constantinople and the.
• Submarine warfare, German, 534, 539, 541, 553, 600.
• Supplies, Allied and American. See Munitions.
• Supreme government of the northern region, 630, 632, 633, 635, 713.
• Supreme War Council, attitude toward Brest Litovsk treaty, 438–439.
• Sweden (see also Diplomatic Missions, neutral; Neutral powers):
  • Bolshevik propaganda, 730–731; funds, 722, 724; Scandinavian conference to prevent, 728.
  • Consul General at Moscow: British, Italian, and Japanese interests assumed by, 641, 644; efforts on behalf of Allied and American nationals, 645, 650, 651, 653, 661, 666–667; U. S. interests in Moscow assumed by, 641, 643, 652, 653, 658, 667.
  • diplomatic relations with Soviet Russia, 730–731.
  • nationalization of factories, attitude, 300.
  • protest against Soviet terror, 694, 705.
  • recognition of Soviet régime withheld, 297–298.
• Switzerland (see also Diplomatic Missions, neutral; Neutral powers):
  • protest against Soviet terror, 697–698.
  • recognition of Soviet régime, attitude, 548–549.
  • sequestration of Russian archives, 548–549.
• Telegraph employees, strike, 231.
• Temporary Government. See Provisional Government.
• Tereshchenko, Michael I., 66, 75, 567, 568.
• Terror:
  • campaign, 300–301, 581, 668, 677, 681–682, 685, 686–687, 691, 732.
  • order to use, 684; cessation discussed, 696.
  • policy, 270–271, 335, 684, 707–708.
  • protests: American Red Cross Commission, chief of, 685–686, 714, 715; Diplomatic Missions, neutral, and German Consul General, 694, 697–698, 705–708; U. S. Consul at Moscow, 683; world-wide, by Allied and neutral powers, 693–704, 707–712, 715–718; world-wide, initiated by United States, 682, 687–690.
• Thomas, Albert, 52, 53, 120, 135.
• Thompson, Lieut. Col. William B., 292, 294, 530.
• Thomson, Alfred R., 386, 496.
• Trade-unions. See Labor.
• Trans-Caucasus:
  • independence, 555.
  • military situation, 500, 508.
• Transportation (see also Advisory Commission of Railway Experts; Trans-Siberian Railway):
  • control, 171, 365, 496, 501.
  • food and munitions, relation, 2, 106, 137, 138, 264, 266, 333.
  • ocean tonnage, 135, 138, 537.
  • railways, defects, 135–138, 141, 264, 343, 489, 515, 552, 559.
  • vehicles drafted, 31.
• Trans-Siberian Railway, 136.
  • U. S. management suggested, 28, 394–395.
• Treaties, secret:
  • attitude of Russians, 39, 52, 66, 76–77, 228, 365, 421.
  • publication or revision proposed, 35, 49, 76, 106.
  • repudiation by Soviet régime, 243, 249, 588.
• Treaty. See London agreement.
• Treaty of Brest Litovsk, Russia-Central powers (see also Peace), 442–471, 598–617.
  • Allied and American attitude, 438–439, 635.
  • Central Executive Committee, attitude, 419–421, 433–434, 434–435.
  • commissions, 527, 539–540.
  • Congress of Soviets, attitude, 436.
  • Constituent Assembly, attitude, 323, 332, 388.
  • German proposals, 410–413, 432–433.
  • indemnities, 404, 412, 444, 604.
  • losses of Russia under, 476, 490.
  • negotiations, 317, 320, 349, 355, 359, 360, 362, 378, 405, 410, 413, 421, 427; removal to neutral ground proposed, 414, 420, 424, 426; severance, 418, 428, 431, 486.
  • ratification, 388, 401, 436, 440, 441, 492, 534.
  • Russian protests, 309, 423, 490, 492, 493.
  • signature: Mar. 3, 1918, 428, 431, 434; Aug. 27, 1918, 583, 586.
  • Socialist-Revolutionist Party, attitude, 401, 514.
  • Soviet delegation: divergencies, 413–414, 435, 440; proposal, 404; terms, refusal, 428, 431; terms, acceptance, 429, 430, 431, 434.
  • Supreme War Council, statement, 438–439.
  • Ukraine, attitude, 336, 364, 413, 415–417, 428, 443, 602.
  • United States: aid sought from, 392, 396, 398, 418, 422; attitude, 397, 402, 484, 547, 557, 570.
  • U. S. Ambassador’s statements against separate peace, 427, 440–441; German protest, 439, 440; Soviet reply, 439, 440, 441–442.
  • violations, German: Soviet protests, 506, 507, 512–513, 516, 520, 539, 553–554; German reply, 533–534, 556.
• Treaty of Brest Litovsk, Ukraine–Central powers, 381, 430–432, 724.
• Trotsky, L. D. (Bronstein), 209, 225, 360, 620.
  • activities before November revolution, 203, 288, 375–378.
  • Commissar for Foreign Affairs, 227, 228, 238, 244, 293.
  • Commissar for War, 396, 483, 486, 487–488, 519.
  • demands, 160, 195, 215, 224.
  • Germany: appeal to soldiers, 259; influenced by, 370, 380, 384, 538.
  • tactics, 284–285, 315, 326, 336–337, 398.
  • United States: aid sought, 392, 396, 398, 418, 483; criticism, 246, 264–265, 275, 303.
• Tseretelli, I. G., 59, 264, 265.
• Turkey:
  • advance into Russia, 508, 584.
  • Ambassador to Soviet Russia, 505–506.
  • Brest Litovsk treaty, gains by, 434.
• Ufa, taking of hostages at, 680–681, 701, 702, 712–713, 719.
• Ukraine:
  • armistice, Russo-German, attitude, 243, 416.
  • army, 245, 317.
  • Bolshevism, 302, 339, 346, 347, 358, 364, 381.
  • Cossacks, relations, 311–312, 320, 584.
  • federal Russia, plans, 346, 415, 417.
  • France, relations, 317, 331.
  • Germany: arrests by, 539; influence, 366, 496, 501, 668; joint military action, 512–513, 518; military advance, 393, 484, 501, 508, 529, 532, 553, 583; monarchy, plans, 574; supplies obtainable, 431, 496, 515, 566, 583.
  • Great Britain, relations, 337, 379.
  • political conditions, 339, 345–347, 381.
  • Provisional Government, relations, 159.
  • recognition, U. S., discussion, 336, 357.
  • republic proclaimed, 415.
  • Soviet Russia: boundaries, discussion, 490, 492, 513, 533, 539; control by, 381, 724; military advance into, 512–513, 518; peace negotiations, 490, 501, 527, 533, 566, 584.
  • treaties of Brest Litovsk: Russian, 336, 364, 413, 415–417, 428, 443, 602; Ukrainian, 381, 430–432, 724.
• United States (see also Advisory Commission of Railway Experts; Allied and American Governments; Armistice; Asylum; Communications; Diplomatic immunity; Diplomatic Missions; Inter-Allied Conference; Intervention; Military Missions; Publicity; Recognition; Relations, informal; Retaliatory measures; Special Diplomatic Mission; Wilson, Woodrow; World War):
  • Ambassador: press statements, 427, 439, 440–441, 508–509, 542–543; 569–571, 631, 633–636; threats against, 320, 321, 323, 353–354, 362.
  • arrest of Allied representatives and nationals: attitude, 688–689; efforts of Consul at Moscow for release, 645, 652, 653, 656, 661, 672, 691.
  • arrest of Rumanian Minister, efforts of Ambassador for release, 477, 478–479, 480–481.
  • Brest Litovsk treaty: aid against Germany sought by Soviet, 392, 396, 418, 422; efforts of Ambassador to prevent separate peace, 390, 418, 422, 427, 440–441, 478, 481, 484, 508; validity, attitude, 397, 402, 484, 547, 557, 570.
  • Consul at Moscow, withdrawal, 647, 656, 657, 660–661, 671, 673.
  • Consul at Vladivostok, demand for recall, 516, 520.
  • Consul General at London, relations with Soviet representatives, 576.
  • couriers, 233, 303–304, 318, 320, 409.
  • diplomatic and consular service, Soviet, attitude, 317, 361–362, 363, 397, 551.
  • embargo on shipments to Russia, 266–267.
  • estrangement sought by Soviet from Allies, 538–539, 582, 585; from Japan, 403, 502, 504, 510, 529, 538, 545, 582, 585, 672.
  • hostages, attitude, 720.
  • immigration from Russia, surveillance, 723–724, 725.
  • industrial interests, forced contributions and arrests, 489, 495, 502, 503.
  • interests, national, assumed by Norway, 383, 661, 664, 667; by Sweden for Moscow Consulate General, 641, 643, 652, 653, 658, 667.
  • interference in Russian affairs, charges: Ambassador, 321–322, 326–330; Military Mission, 272–273.
  • loans: conditions of granting, 7, 27, 28, 40, 43, 145–146, 161, 178, 209, 218, 252; repudiation, attitude, 488, 492, 494–495.
  • military aid to Soviet régime: Soviet request, 392, 396, 398, 483; U. S. response, 386, 402, 484, 485, 495, 498, 517–518; reasons, 392, 487–488, 493, 494, 519.
  • Military Mission and Attachés: views, 266–267, 269–270, 272–273, 279, 361, 516–517; withdrawal, 646–655, 657–658, 663, 679.
  • noninterference in Russian affairs, 269, 302, 319, 322, 326–327, 542–543, 547, 557, 638.
  • questionnaire to consuls, 324.
  • retaliatory measures toward Soviet proposed by Great Britain, attitude, 692, 693.
  • revolutionists, protests against U. S. arrest of, 200, 201–202, 203, 322–323.
  • Russian people, attitude toward, 221, 361, 362, 397, 440–441, 484, 494, 495, 508, 524–525, 542–543, 547, 562, 570, 624, 638.
  • terror: Consul at Moscow, protest, 668, 683; world-wide protest initiated, 682, 687–690.
  • war, state of: with Germany, 20; with Soviet Russia, discussion, 620, 641–642, 643, 648–649, 650, 651, 659.
• Uritski, 675, 686.
• Venezuela, protest against Soviet terror, 708.
• Visas, refusal (see also under France and Great Britain):
  • Soviet régime, 303–304.
  • United States, 723–724, 725.
• Vladivostok (see also Intervention):
  • Allied and American interests, 28, 384, 387, 392.
  • consuls, recall demanded, 516, 520.
  • freight congestion, 28, 136.
  • munitions, 391.
  • political conditions, 131–132, 287.
• Vologda. See Diplomatic Missions, removal.
• Volunteer Army, 284, 296, 308, 381, 429, 496.
• War, state of, between Associated Governments and Soviet Russia, discussion, 620, 641–642, 643, 648–649, 650, 651, 659.
• Wardwell, Maj. Allen, 679; protest against terror, 685–686.
• War-Revolutionary Committee. See Military Revolutionary Committee.
• Warships:
  • Allied and American, asked to leave Russian ports, 563, 564, 585.
  • Russian, disposition, 566–567, 603.
• Webster, Capt. William B., 483.
• White Guard, 580, 585, 670, 715.
  • measures of terror against, 684.
  • uprising, 647, 657.
• White Russia, independence rumored, 555.
• Women’s battalion, 226.
• Wilson, Woodrow:
  • Congress of Soviets, message, 395–396, 397, 399–400.
  • Death Battalion and war aims, 280.
  • Moscow conference, message, 177.
  • Root mission and peace terms, 127.
  • Socialist-Revolutionist Party and peace terms, 350.
  • U. S. Congress, messages, 17, 117, 119–120, 423, 426, 427.
  • war aims, reception of message, 52, 86–97.
• World War (see also Allied and American Governments; Armistice; Central powers; Germany; Peace; Treaty of Brest Litovsk).
  • aims: Allied statements, 330–331, 439; reception of Allied and American messages, 52, 86–97; restatement asked by Russians, 238, 254–255, 280; U. S. statements, 405, 423–424, 426–427.
  • army, Russian, attitude, 34–35, 237, 253, 345, 384, 414, 423, 546.
  • Bolsheviks, attitude, 102, 166.
  • Congress of Cossacks, attitude, 101.
  • Congress of Soviets, attitude, 99–102, 105–106.
  • Duma, president of, views, 56–57.
  • eastern front, German forces reduced, 205, 263, 501.
  • entrance of Russia into war, 69–71.
  • fleet, Russian, attitude, 73, 103, 112, 125, 533, 566–567.
  • Galician offensive, 91, 99, 134, 143.
  • Guchkov, A. I., speech, 64–66.
  • London agreement, Russian violation protested, 245, 248–249.
  • Petrograd Soviet, attitude, 26, 34–35, 40, 41, 42–51, 74, 83–85.
  • prosecution of war, Russian: ability, discussion, 138–139, 145, 218, 221–223, 235, 240, 335; Allied and American effort to induce, 635–636, 638, 639; Allied joint note, 196–197, 203, 207–208.
  • Provisional Government, attitude, 24, 38–39, 75–77, 80, 172–173, 178, 193, 212.
  • Riga, fall, 182–184, 186.
  • Russian forces in Prance, 585, 651, 653, 654, 664.
  • socialists, attitude, 50, 55, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63.
  • Soviet régime: cessation of hostilities, 225, 253, 383, 428, 429, 430; renewal of war, discussion, 392, 396, 398, 418, 422, 483, 494, 498.
• Wright, J. Butler, 392, 484.
• Yaroslavl, revolt, 578, 585, 670.
• Y. M. C. A.:
  • activities, 122, 151–153, 215, 240, 537, 546, 669, 670.
  • arrest of representatives, 671, 673, 674.
  • departure, 663.
  • unofficial views, 284, 289, 531.
• Zalkind, Ivan A., 363, 368, 370, 724.
• Zemstvos, 71, 143, 151, 273, 284, 285, 314, 415, 537.
  • dissolution, 313–314, 340.
• Zinoviev, Gregory E., 351, 486, 676, 677, 697.