Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963, Volume IV,
Vietnam, August–December 1963
Index
- Agricultural situation in Vietnam, 616, 622
- Aiken, Conrad, 391
- Air Force, Vietnamese, 46
- Coup against Diem and,
509–510
- Government of Diem and
Nhu, attitude toward ,
159
- Algeria, 211, 417
- Alphand, Herve, 100, 388, 389, 601
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 59–61
- Alsop, Joseph, 217, 281, 294, 295, 296, 692–693
- Amnesty (Chieu Hoi) Program, 585,
670–671, 705
- An Truong Thanh, 567
- Anschuetz, Norbert L., 628, 650, 665
- Armed Forces Radio, 300
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN):
- Corps commanders, changing of, 712
- Coup against Diem and,
508–509
- Reorganization, government plan for, 604–605
- Asbjornson, Mildred, 68n, 84n
- Asher, 143
- Assassination of Diem and
Nhu.See
under
Coup against Diem.
- Ball, George W., 64n, 89n, 90n, 92n, 124n, 194n, 21n, 266n, 269n,
334, 335n, 354n, 456n, 457n, 549n, 564n, 663n
- Buddhist crisis, U.N. investigation of, 438
- Countercoup operations, 36n, 39n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 438,
607n
- Coup against Diem, 507n, 522n, 552n
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 40n, 431n, 433n, 449n, 450n, 453n, 456n, 457n, 477n, 488n, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 14n
- “Diem as best
leader” issue, 8
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473n, 475n, 484n, 500n
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 459n
- Pros and cons of supporting coup, 2, 3, 4
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Kennedy’s letter to
Diem re, 287, 290
- Structure and composition of government, 308–310
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 290–291
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 356, 437–439
- Johnson-Lodge meeting, 635
- McNamara-Taylor mission, 281
- Minh, Harkins assessment of, 274n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 389,
695n, 710
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, 571n
- Richardson’s transfer from
Vietnam, 364–365
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, 350
- Barnett, Robert W., 116, 290n
- Belair, Felix, 692–693
- Bell, David E., 161, 170, 217, 351, 357, 359, 540n, 541n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 621–622
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 368,
369
- Honolulu meeting, 616, 620, 621–622
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, 684
- Bemau, Phyllis D., 12n,
61n, 176n, 240n, 264n, 520n
- Berry, Lt. Col. Sidney, Jr., 284
- Blake, Lt. Gen. Gordon A., 505, 506, 511, 512, 545
- Bohlen, Charles E., 388, 389, 565, 568–569
- Bowles, Chester A., 114
- Breckon, M. Lyall, 651–652
- Brent, Joseph L., 206, 305, 379n, 540, 541
- Economic situation in Vietnam, 613–616
- Broomfield, William S., 378n
- Bruce, David K. E., 693–694
- Buddhist crisis:
- Buu Hoi’s assessment of, 333, 348, 349
- CIA assessment of, 147
- Communist influences, 194–195, 199
- Communist insurgency and, 320
- Concessions by government, 412
- Counterinsurgency operations, impact on, 247–248
- Diem’s assessment of; 18–19, 112, 319–320
- Government propaganda re, 142
- Military’s attitude toward, 154–158
- Minh’s assessment of, 327
- Negotiations to resolve, 75, 77
- Nhu’s assessment of, 126–127, 258
- Pagodas, raids on, 19, 147
- Political aspects, 186–187, 294
- Popular attitude toward government response, 293–294
- Provisional govemment and, 615, 681
- Reduction of tensions, 58
- Religious war, possible, 245
- Sanctuary for bonzes at U.S. Embassy, 125, 136–137, 519n, 548
- Suicides, 400
- Thuc’s role in, 348
- U.N. consideration of. See
Buddhist crisis
under
United Nations.
- U.S. demands for ending, 376
- U.S. involvement, alleged, 416, 516
- Buffum, William B., 331n
- Bui Diem, 453, 456–457, 463, 503
- Bui Dinh Dam, Col., 509
- Bui Van Luong, 124, 140, 507, 598
- Bui Van Tinh, 238
- Bunce, William K., 269n
- Bundy, McGeorge, 12, 53, 64n, 68, 86n, 89n, 90n, 92n, 124n, 149n, 194n, 241n, 266n, 354n, 356, 358n, 368, 398n, 456n, 457n,
549n, 550n, 557n, 579n
- Buddhist crisis:
- Communist influences, 199
- U.N. investigation of, 415
- Countercoup operations, 36n, 39n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 500,
607n
- Coup against Diem, 507n, 518, 519n, 522n, 523n, 552n
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 537, 556
- Popular response, 556
- Propaganda efforts by Generals, 521n
- Thai’s endorsement of, 114
- Coup against Diem,
Generals’ plan for, 40n, 431n, 433n, 449n, 450n, 453n, 456n, 457n, 477n, 488n, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 14n
- Assurances of support for Generals, 28
- Contacts with alternative leaders, 379
- Contacts with Generals, 429,
430, 437
- Deniability concerns, 379,
429
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473–475, 484n, 499n, 500–502
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 465n, 468, 471
- “Not thwart Generals’ plan” policy, 367n
- Pros and cons of supporting coup, 3, 5
- Suspension of aid to encourage acoup, 29, 176, 556
- Suspension of coup, option for, 35n, 437
- U.S. forces, possible use of, 249n
- White House control of all communications, 467
- Government of Diem and
Nhu:
- Military’s attitude toward, 118
- Popular attitude toward, 74
- Govemmental reform in Vietnam:
- Congressional demands for, 192
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 187, 192, 193
- Kennedy’s letter to
Diem re, 287n
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 187, 188, 189, 191, 199, 200, 201, 235, 252n
- Structure and composition of government, 308n
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 118, 174, 189, 290n
- U.S. disassociation from Nhu, 189
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 75–76, 95–96, 108n, 110n, 120, 128n
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 371n, 437n, 496n
- Harkins, media attacks on,
593, 594
- Honolulu meeting, 608n, 623, 624
- Kennedy’s television
interview, 81–83
- Krulak-Mendenhall mission, 146, 163
- Lodge, assessment of, 625
- Lodge-Harkins relationship, 479n
- Lodge’s resignation, 692–693
- Lodge’s U.S. visit at end
of October, proposed, 397n
- Madame Nhu, silencing of,
191, 192
- McNamara-Taylor mission:
- Diem’s perception
of mission as sign of U.S. support, 255n, 256
- Meetings re, 280
- Military appraisal as purpose of, 278n
- State Department representative, 266
- McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 702n
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 216–217, 593,
594
- Minh, Harkins, assessment of, 274n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam:
- French position, 61–62, 81,
83
- U.S.-French discussions re, 601
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 28, 30, 31
- Provisional government of Vietnam, U.S. recognition of, 525n, 536n, 555–556, 565n
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, 571n
- Strategic hamlet program, 623
- U.S. Deputy Chief of Mission, selection of, 665–666, 693–694
- U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 175
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 387
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
- Bundy, William P., 356, 358n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n
- Coup against Diem, 507n, 523n
- Coup against Diem,
Generals’ plan for, 449n, 450n, 453n, 456n, 457n, 477n, 488n, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 275n
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 360n
- Honolulu meeting, 615, 620
- McNamara-Taylor mission, 265–266, 284, 285,
286, 293n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 695n
- Provisional government of Vietnam, U.S. recognition of, 525n
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, Lodge’s plan for neutralization
of, 656n
- Burchett, Wilfred, 85n,
296
- Burma, 210
- Buu Hoi, 18–19
- Buddhist crisis, 333, 348, 349
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 333–334, 348–349
- Hilsman, meeting with, 332–334
- Madame Nhu’s U.S. visit,
335–336
- Rusk, meeting with, 347–349
- Cambodia, 91, 210
- Communist sanctuaries, U.S.-RVN
actions against. See
Cambodian sanctuaries
under
Counterinsurgency operations.
- Neutrality issue, 641n
- Lodge’s position, 654–655, 661–663
- U.S. position, 641, 669, 695–696, 706–707n, 731
- Vietnamese concerns re, 697–698, 713, 718
- Thailand, relations with, 539
- Truce proposal for Vietnam and, 692
- U.S. policy toward, 639, 669
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 538–539, 588, 630,
641, 646, 674
- Cameron, Ronald Brooks, 378n
- Can. See
Ngo Dinh
Can.
- Can Lao party, 223, 253, 264, 482–484
- Cao. See
Huynh Van Cao,
Brig. Gen.
- Cao Dai sect, 597, 612, 680, 717, 733, 736–737
- Cao Van Vien, Col., 45, 506
- Cao Xuan Vy, 545
- Carlson, Frank, 391
- Carroll, Lt. Gen. Joseph E, 707
- Carter, Lt. Gen. Marshall S.,
1, 12, 26, 55, 70, 84n, 95, 100, 449n,
450n, 453n, 456n, 457n, 477n, 484n, 488n, 500n, 503n, 507n
- Central Intelligence Agency, U.S. (CIA),
239
- Buddhist crisis, 400
- Assessment of, 147
- Involvement in, alleged, 416
- Communist insurgency:
- Countercoup operations, arrests of Generals, possible, 36–37, 39
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Assessment of, 682–683
- Border security and surveillance, 607–608
- Cambodian sanctuaries, actions against, 701
- Laos, operations in, 667–668, 724
- Mekong Delta situation, 401
- Coup against Diem:
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for:
- Inertia of Generals, 400–401
- Interim planning, 291–292
- Loyalties of units and commanders, 468
- Postponement of (Aug. 31), 64, 86–88, 92–93,
147–148
- Strategy meetings of Generals, 40–41 Success, chances
of, 475–476
- U.S. updated on planning progress, 39, 42, 354–355, 365–367
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Assurances of support for Generals, 42
- Deniability concerns, 393
- “Not thwart Generals plan” policy, 393
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 206–207
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Harkins, replacement of,
602–603
- Lodge assassination
threats, 399
- Media coverage of Vietnam, assessment of, 278
- Nhu interview, report on,
124–127
- Nhu’s attempts to deal with
DRV, 89–90
- Nhu’s meetings with
Generals, 90–92
- Provisional government of Vietnam, assessment of, 648–649, 680–681, 711–713
- Richardson’s transfer from
Vietnam, 205, 364–365, 384
- Station Chief in Vietnam, selection of, 651n
- U.S. policy in Vietnam and, 390–391
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, U.S. covert operations against,
699
- Chase, Gordon, 555
- Chiang Kai-shek, 186
- Chieu. See
Pham Xuan Chieu.
- Chieu Hoi. See
Amnesty (Chieu Hoi) programs.
- China, People’s Republic of, 85, 186
- Media reports on Vietnam, 210
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 184,
326
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, relations with, 388–390
- Chuong. See
Tran Van
Chuong.
- Church, Frank, 129, 141n, 166–169, 258, 391
- CINCPAC (see
also
Felt, Adm. Harry
D.), candidates for, 633
- Civil Guard, Vietnamese, 138–139, 621
- Civilian Irregular Defense Group (CIDG) program, 683
- Cleveland, Harlan, 333, 335–336
- Clifton, Maj. Gen. Chester V.,
1, 9n, 26, 35n, 81n, 95n, 100, 161, 356, 387
- Cline, Ray S., 295n
- Colby, William, 70, 100, 117, 169, 188, 189, 199, 217, 516n
[Page 763]
- Cambodian sanctuaries, actions against, 701
- Countercoup operations, 55
- Coup against Diem, 1, 6–7, 431n, 433n, 468,
519
- Honolulu meeting, 624
- Madame Nhu, U.S. campaign
against, 591
- McNamara-Taylor mission, 284, 285,
286, 339n
- McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 703
- Nhu and, 517
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 54
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, 684
- Commodity Import Program:
- Reserve funds, 307
- Political abuses, elimination of, 482–484
- Resumption of, 477–479, 540–541
- Suspension of, 271, 340–341, 360–361, 368–369, 373, 414,
614–615
- U.S. management of, 308
- Communist insurgency:
- Anti-aircraft capability, 648, 686, 709
- Buddhist crisis and, 320
- Cambodian sanctuaries, 439–440
- Casualties, 708
- CIA assessment of, 647–648, 681–682, 683–684
- Combat hamlets, 644–645
- Coup against Diem and,
523, 530, 544, 554
- Defections from, 100–101, 316
- Defections of South Vietnamese to, 245, 247, 248
- Demoralization within, 85
- Felt’s assessment of, 664
- Food supplies, 709
- Improved combat-effectiveness, 707–710
- Increased activity, 99, 419, 635–636, 648,
653, 659, 681–682, 683–684, 712
- Infiltration into Vietnam, 246, 324
- Evidence of, 639–640, 669, 725, 741–743
- Materiel, 653, 659–660, 664
- U.S. exposure of, 743
- Waterways used for, 725, 730, 751–752
- Intelligence system, 709
- Larger units, use of, 314–315
- Manpower, sources of, 708, 741–742
- Popular attitude toward, 271, 322–323
- Quasi-governmental activities, 642–645, 749–752
- Successes of, 291, 647–648, 722, 733
- Troop strength, 682, 741
- Weaponry, 682, 737, 742
- Communist surrender program. See
Amnesty (Chieu Hoi) Program.
- Conein, Col. Lucien, 42, 79, 87, 240, 560
- Countercoup operations, 507n
- Coup against Diem, 506, 509,
511–512
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 423n, 427
- Provisional government of Vietnam, U.S. “braintrust” for, 758
- Congress, U.S.:
- Congressional visit to Vietnam, 378n, 446–447
- Coup against Diem, 520–521, 573
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, demands for. See
Congressional demands for
under
Governmental reform in Vietnam.
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, hearings on, 113, 390–392
- U.S. sanctions against Diem regime, hearings on, 378, 430, 446
- Conlon, Thomas F, 588n, 710n, 719n
- Cooper, Chester L., 217, 555, 680–684
- Cottrell, Sterling J., 704
- Countercoup operations:
- Arrests of Generals, possible, 36–37, 39
- Fake Communist uprising, Nhu’s plan for, 507n
- Generals concerns re, 552
- Nhu’s capabilities, 139
- North Vietnamese assistance for Diem, 34, 50, 55, 68
- U.S. responses to various scenarios, 5,
49–52,
56–57
- Counterinsurgency operations (see also
Strategic hamlet program; U.S. military assistance to Vietnam; U.S.
military involvement in Vietnam):
- Border security and surveillance, 606–607, 653, 661,
664–665,
702, 729–730
- Buddhist crisis, impact of, 247–248
- Cambodian sanctuaries, actions against, 439–440, 674–675, 701
- Chuong’s assessment of,
268–269
- CIA assessment of, 682–683
- “Clear and hold” operations, 677
- Command systems, 535, 549
- Coup against Diem and,
544, 554, 566–567, 575, 684
- Covert operations against DRV,
699, 702, 724–725, 729, 734
- Crop destruction and defoliation, 314,
448–449
- Deterioration of military effort, 422,
737
- Financial concerns, 621–622
- 500-pound bombs
for, 316–317
- Government instability, impact of, 117–118
- Government of Diem and
Nhu and, 145
- Governmental reform in Vietnam and, 179
- Harkins’ assessment of,
266–268,
612–613
- Helicopter attacks, 156
- Improvements demanded by U.S., 369–370, 375–376, 438
- Improvements in military posture, U.S. plan for, 677–678
- Intelligence operations, 676
- Intensification in critical provinces, 702, 703
- Kill ratios, 720
- Krulak’s assessment of,
154, 156, 158
- Laos, operations in, 639, 667–668, 699–700, 702, 724–725, 729,
734
- “Leadership by military leaders” issue, 722–723
- Lodge’s assessment of,
421–423
- Long An Province situation, 687–689, 714–715, 723
- “Losing military war” issue, 162–163, 164–166, 248–249, 260–261
- Martial law and, 9
- McCone’s assessment of,
738
- McNamara-Taylor mission recommendations,
337–339
- Media coverage of, 216–217
- Mekong Delta situation, 138–139, 165,
245–246,
422, 431, 667, 683, 722
- Minh’s assessment of, 272–273
- “Oil spot” type operations, 646
- Operational intensity level, 653, 660
- Sects, recruitment of, 597, 606, 646,
680, 717, 733, 736–737
- Summary reports, 98–99, 629–630
- Taylor’s assessment of,
328–330
- Training for Vietnamese, 338
- Waterways control, 725, 730, 734
- Coup against Diem
(see also Countercoup
operations; Coup against Diem, Generals plan for; Coup against Diem, U.S. policy toward):
- Assassination of Diem and
Nhu, 556
- Clarification of events, U.S. demand for, 537, 550–551
- Conflicting reports on, 531–533, 559
- Dan’s version, 569
- Generals position, 546, 560, 574
- Kennedy’s reaction,
533
- Photographs of bodies, 545,
652
- Suicide story, 527
- Communist insurgency and, 523, 530, 544,
554
- Comparative forces lineup, 475–476, 508–510, 522
- Congress informed of, 520–521, 573
- Counterinsurgency operations and, 544,
554, 566–567, 575, 684
- Diem-Lodge conversation, 513–514
- Diem’s surrender, 525n
- Discussions in Washington re, 518,
519n
- Initiation of, 505
- Johnson’s assessment of,
636
- Lodge’s assessment of,
561–562
- McNamara-Taylor mission assessment of coup
possibility, 343–344
- Media speculation about, 25–26
- Middle-grade officers’ plan, 282, 367
- Military commanders support of coup, 529–530
- Minh’s assessment of, 564
- Negotiations between Diem
and Generals, 506, 507, 511, 512–513
- Oct. 26 attempt, cancellation of, 423–424n, 427
- Palace, attacks on, 511, 514, 522,
523, 534
- Performance of military personnel, 534–535
- Popular response, 526, 528–529, 543, 552–553, 556
- Prisoners taken, 506, 507
- Proclamation by Generals, 512
- Prof. “Smith’s” predictions,
293–295
- Propaganda efforts by Generals, 521
- Spontaneous coup, possible, 343–344
- Telegram for Lodge from
unknown person, 1, 7
- Thai’s endorsement of, 114–115
- Thao’s attempt, possible, 428–429, 451,
453
- Times of Vietnam reports on, 123, 124
- U.S. foreign policy, implication for, 577–578
- U.S. guidance for Generals, 524
- U.S. nationals, threat to, 530, 544, 553–554
- U.S. role:
- Lodge’s assessment
of, 577
- Rumors about, 588
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 219
- Civilian involvement, 453, 457, 458–459, 462–463, 488–489, 492
- Dinh’s participation, 451, 453
- Dissident elements’ support for, 477,
503–504
- Government, plans for, 250–251, 489–490, 493
- Harkins’ assessment of,
23, 481–482
- Implementation of. See
Coup against Diem.
- Inertia of Generals, 38, 400–401
- Interim planning, 273, 291–292
- Leadership group, 240, 420, 460–461, 492
- Lodge-Don meeting, 449
- Loyalties of units and commanders, 43-48
- McNamara-Taylor mission assessment of, 343
- Oct. 26 attempt, cancellation of, 423–424n, 427
- Positioning of military units, 461–462
- Postponement of coup (Aug. 31), 64–67, 86–88
- Security concerns, 456
- Stalemate, possible, 488
- Strategy meetings of Generals, 40–41
- Success, chances of:
- Thuan and, 138
- Troops’ support for, 273
- Units participating in coup, 2, 451–452
- U.S. involvement, avoidance of, 449,
450
- U.S. knowledge of various aspects, 491–493
- U.S. military, Generals contacts with, 419–420, 427, 431–432, 433
- U.S. policy toward. See
Coup against Diem, U.S. policy
toward.
- U.S. to be provided with final plans before commencement of coup,
28, 29,
424n, 434, 435,
450–451,
455
- U.S. updated on planning progress, 39,
42, 291–292, 354–355, 365–367, 420, 450–452, 456–459
- Coup against Diem,
U.S. policy toward:
- Active encouragement of coup, 56, 261
- Assistance for Generals, 4–5, 8, 16, 22, 487
- Assurances of support for Generals, 21–22, 24, 26, 28, 29, 32, 42, 56, 65–66, 70–71, 79–80
- Contacts with alternative leaders, 379
- Contacts with Generals, 102–103, 106,
429, 430–431, 437
- Contingency planning, 49–52, 55–56
- Coordination between Saigon and Washington, 12–14, 17
- Covert operations, 30, 150–153
- Deniability concerns, 379, 393, 429,
435
- “Diem as best leader”
issue, 6, 8–9
- Evacuation planning, 1–2, 7–8, 29, 32, 464
- Harkins’ meetings with
Generals, 64–67
- Harkins’ position, 3, 11–15, 17, 22, 23–25
- Inertia of Generals, concerns re, 38,
53, 55–56, 63
- Instructions to Lodge
(Oct. 29), 473–476
- Lansdale’s involvement, 205–206, 240–241
- Lodge’s authority over
U.S. operations, 30, 460
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 468–473
- Military movements, 460, 464, 475
- “Not thwart Generals plan” policy, 393, 427, 464
- Propertied class, common cause with, 357–358
- Pros and cons of supporting coup, meetings on, 1–9, 468–473
- Public posture once coup is in progress, 465, 475, 502
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 21, 28–30, 32–33, 176, 282–283, 556
- Suspension of coup, option for, 15–16, 22, 35–36, 437
- U.S. forces, possible use of, 29, 62, 165–166, 249–251
- U.S. military, Generals contacts with, 433n
- White House control of all communications, 467
- Couve de Murville, Maurice, 388–390 Cronkite,
Walter, 82, 93–95
- Crop destruction program:
- Authority over, 448–449
- Diem’s assessment of, 314
- Cuu, 258, 263
- Dam Sy Hien, 399
- Dang Due Khoi, Lt. Col., 44
- Dang Van Sung, 453, 462–463, 488–490, 503
- Dao, Maj., 606
- Davis, Richard H., 59
- De Buzon, Gen., 601n
- De Gaulle, Charles:
- De la Boissiere, 409
- Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), 582
- Defoliant operations:
- Authority over, 448–449
- Diem’s assessment of, 314
- Diem. See
Ngo Dinh
Diem.
- Dillon, C. Douglas, 4, 13, 26, 53, 100, 191, 217, 358n
- Dingeman, Maj. James W., 705
- Dinh. See
Ton That Dinh,
Maj. Gen.
- Dinh Thanh Bieh, Capt., 399
- Dinh Van Phat, Lt. Col., 315, 544
- Dirksen, Everett M., 167
- Do Cao Tri, Maj. Gen., 126, 147, 158, 247, 451, 461, 512, 562, 712
- Do Hai, Capt., 533
- Do Khac Mai, Lt. Col., 509–510, 543
- Do Mau, Col., 558
- Do Vang Ly, 18, 55n, 731
- Don. See
Tran Van Don,
Maj. Gen.
- D’Orlandi, Giovanni, 125, 140, 261n, 590, 656
- Du Phuoc Long, 503–504
- Dungan, Ralph, 175, 518, 593
- Duong Ngoc Lam, Col., 512, 529
- Duong Van Hieu, 399
- Duong Van Minh, Maj. Gen., 11,
91, 532
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam, reorganization of, 604–605
- Arrest of, possible, 36, 37
- Buddhist crisis, 327
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 697, 718
- Chief of State position, attitude toward, 717
- Counterinsurgency operations, 272–273
- Border security and surveillance, 607
- “Losing military war” issue, 260–261
- “Oil spot” type operations, 646
- Sects, recruitment of, 597,
606, 717
- Coup against Diem, 420, 451,
460, 492
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 560
- Assessment of, 564
- Diem’s surrender,
525n
- Interim planning, 273, 290
- Leadership group, 240
- Negotiations with Diem, 512–513
- Palace, attacks on, 514
- Postponement of (Aug. 31), 65,
86–88
- Strategy meetings of Generals, 40
- U.S. updated on planning progress, 365–367
- Don and, 65
- Government post under Diem, U.S. proposal for, 309
- Harkins’ assessment of,
274–275
- Inaugural address, 748
- Johnson’s letter to, 745–747
- Leadership qualities, 606–607
- Lodge, meeting with, 645–647
- Martial law, 273
- McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 716–719
- Ngo Dinh family,
disposition following coup, 560
- Nhu’s attempts to deal with
DRV, 239
- Popularity of, 545
- Province chiefs, reorientation of, 605–606
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 543
- Arrests, 558, 651
- Cabinet position, 567
- Discord among the Generals, 557–558
- Press relations, 712
- Public relations efforts, 590,
718
- U.S. “braintrust” for, 646
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Command organization, 612,
716–717
- Communist infiltration, 645
- Security for, 23
- Self Defense Corps, 718–719
- Strategic hamlet program, overhaul of, 597, 598, 604, 645–646
- Student protest movement, 273, 327
- Taylor, meeting with, 326–327
- Dutton, Frederick G., 167, 390–392
- Economic situation in Vietnam (see
also Commodity Import Program):
- Budget deficit, 541, 618–619, 620, 630
- Foreign exchange earnings, 619
- Tax collections, 616
- U.S. assessment of, 613–616
- U.S. program for economic improvement, 618–622, 628, 630,
667, 678–679
- Eisenhower, Dwight D., 692–693
- Elections in Vietnam, 253, 263, 303–305
- Diem’s assessment of, 314
- Evacuation of u.s. dependents. See under
Coup against Diem, U.S. policy toward;
Governmental reform in Vietnam.
- Felt, Adm. Harry D.,
63n, 64n, 66, 76n, 78n, 80, 84, 104n, 107, 108n, 109, 128n, 131, 137, 140, 194n, 195n, 203, 208, 222n, 225, 258, 274, 379n, 403, 409, 414, 424, 431n, 437n, 442, 449n, 450n, 453n, 456n, 457n, 473n, 475n, 477n, 479n, 481, 484n, 488n, 496, 500n, 503n, 507n,
514–515, 535n, 549n, 564, 689n
- Communist insurgency, 664
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Border security and surveillance, 653, 664–665
- Harkins’
assessment of, 266
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 2, 14n, 20, 23n
- Honolulu meeting, 608n, 616, 624
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 10, 11n
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, revamping of, 571–572
- Ferguson, John, 693
- Flott, Frederick W., 311
- Forrestal, Michael V., 1, 12, 26, 53, 63n, 70, 76n, 161, 171, 185, 190, 199, 217, 269n, 356, 358n, 370, 398n
- Buddhist crisis, U.N. investigation of, 415
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Cambodian sanctuaries, actions against, 701
- Laos, operations in, 699–700
- Coup against Diem, 518, 519n
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 527n, 533
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Contacts with Generals, 106n
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29),
468, 472
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 282, 556
- U.S. forces, possible use of, 249n
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 235–236, 251
- Reconciliation policy of U.S., 181–183
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 174, 275n
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 95, 104n
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 430
- Harkins, media attacks on,
593, 594, 600n
- Honolulu meeting, 593–594, 608n
- International conference issue, 595
- Johnson’s letter to
Minh, 745n
- Kennedy’s television
interview, 81
- Lodge’s resignation, 693
- Madame Nhu:
- U.S. campaign against, 591
- U.S. visit by, 283, 387
- McNamara-Taylor mission, 284, 285,
286
- Diem’s perception
of as sign of U.S. support, 256
- McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 700
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 216–217, 593,
594, 600n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 100,
601, 695n
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704, 705
- Strategic hamlet program, 698–699
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam:
- Joint U.S.-Vietnamese policies, management of, 541n
- Resumption of aid following coup, 540n
- U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 175
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, U.S. covert operations against,
699
- Vietnam visit, 698n
- Fraleigh, Albert S., 617, 622
- France (See also
Neutral solution for Vietnam):
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 662, 696
- Economic assistance to Vietnam, 615–616
- Laos and, 81, 83
- Provisional government of Vietnam:
- Truce proposal for Vietnam, 692
- Frelinghuysen, Peter H. B., 379n
- Friendly, Al, 283
- Fulbright, J. William, 351, 391, 520–521
- Galbraith, John Kenneth, 176
- Giang, 578–579
- Gilpatric, Roswell L., 1, 12, 69, 86n, 89n, 90n, 92n, 100, 117, 12n, 161, 169, 199, 217, 220n, 354n, 356, 358n, 456n, 457n, 557n
- Countercoup operations, 36n, 39n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n
- Coup against Diem, 507n
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 40n, 449n, 450n, 453n, 456n, 457n, 477n, 488, 503
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 14
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473, 475, 484, 500
- Contingency planning, 56
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 187
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 188, 191
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 186
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 27
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704
- Goburdhun, 125, 258
- Gore, Albert, 391
- Government of Diem
and Nhu:
- Bureaucracy’s attitude toward, 144–145
- Counterinsurgency operations and, 145
- Military’s attitude toward, 117, 118, 119,
130
- Popular attitude toward, 71–72, 73–74, 130
- Prof. “Smith,s” comments on,
293–295
- Thuan’s assessment of,
137–140
- Totalitarian measures, 294, 301, 302,
357–358,
392, 399–400, 402, 412,
494
- U.S. fact-finding mission re See
Krulak-Mendenhall mission.
- World opinion on, 210–211
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Bureaucrats support for, 301–303
- Buu Hoi’s recommendations,
333–334,
348–349
- Chuong’s position, 268–269
- CIA proposal for, 201–202
- Congressional demands for, 113, 129n, 141n, 258
- Administration concerns, 188
- Hearings on, 192
- Senate resolution, development of, 166–169
- Counterinsurgency operations and, 179
- Diem’s acquiescence to,
517
- Diem’s resistance to, 317–321, 398–399, 559–560
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 173, 187, 192–193, 194, 200,
227
- Failure, consequences of, 117
- Generals in cabinet positions, 64, 66, 127, 239, 291–292, 355,
400
- Generals support for, 92
- Kennedy’s endorsement of,
93–94
- Kennedy’s letter to
Diem, 192, 200,
231–234,
287–290
- Lodge-Diem meetings re, 140–143, 437–439, 441–446
- Lodge-Nhu meeting re, 84–85
- McNamara-Taylor mission meeting with
Diem re, 317–321
- McNamara-Taylor mission recommendation,
338–339,
340–343
- Mecklin’s position, 149–150
- Political Consultative Council, proposed, 309, 310
- Political pressure weapons of U.S., 180–181
- Pressure on Diem, U.S.
policy for (see also U.S.
package of sanctions and demands
below):
- Discussions in Washington re, 185–193, 199–201
- Hilsman’s proposal
for, 221–222, 225–230
- Instructions for Lodge, 195–198, 202, 251, 252–254
- Krulak’s
assessment of, 242–243
- Lodge’s assessment
of, 203, 260–264, 265
- McNamara-Taylor mission assessment
of, 345–346
- Presidential decision on, 235–236, 252–254
- Publicity re, 254
- Prime Ministership, creation of, 84
- Propaganda efforts by U.S., 300–301, 342,
359
- Psychological efforts by U.S., 340
- Reconciliation policy of U.S., 181–183, 219–220, 235–236
- Hilsman’s proposal
for, 221–225
- Krulak’s
assessment of, 242–243
- McNamara-Taylor mission assessment
of, 345
- Structure and composition of government, U.S. proposals for, 308–310
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime (see also
Congressional demands for
above), 104, 116, 118,
141, 152, 163, 164, 196, 357
- Backup distribution system, 189
- Cash resources for direct aid to provinces, 276, 307
- Control of suspensions given to Lodge, 215–216, 252–253
- Diem’s concerns
re, 414, 515
- Diem’s response,
U.S. speculation re, 356–357
- Hilsman’s proposal,
228, 229–230
- Impacts of suspensions, 306,
307, 368–369, 400, 403
- Lodge’s proposal,
108, 171–174, 176
- McNamara-Taylor mission
recommendations, 338, 340–341
- Negative consequences, possible, 186, 363–364
- Programs to be affected, 261–262, 271–272, 275–277, 290–291, 299, 306–308, 340–341, 360–363, 373
- Resumption of aid, conditions for, 477–479, 482–484
- Supporting analysis re, 360–364
- Time needed for effectiveness, 305–306
- U.S. public statements on, 306, 351
- Suspension of paramilitary assistance, 341–342
- Tho’s position, 321–322
- Thuan’s position, 301–303
- U.S. disassociation from Nhu, 189
- U.S. negotiations with Diem:
- Discussions in Washington re, 70, 71–74
- Instructions for Lodge, 75–79, 95–98, 104–106, 108–109, 117, 119–120, 121, 128–129
- Lodge-Diem meeting, 140–143
- Lodge’s position,
67, 80–81, 107–108, 109–110
- U.S. objectives, 177–180
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands (see also
Suspension of aid to Diem regime
above):
- Congressional inquiries re, 378, 430, 446
- Development of, 345–346, 350–354, 356–357, 358–359
- Effects of, 576–578
- “Explosion” resulting from, McCone’s warning, 406–407
- Harkins’s
assessment of, 481
- Instructions for Lodge, 371–379
- Lodge’s assessment
of, 383, 385–386
- Lodge’s progress
reports, 396–397, 401–403, 409–413, 423–424, 493–495, 575–578
- Lodge’s reports,
Harkins’
contributions to, 496–498
- Military actions. See
Improvements demanded by U.S.
under
Counterinsurgency
operations.
- Political actions, 376–377, 385–386
- Presentation to Diem, 369–370, 374–375, 437–439, 441–446
- Public statements on, 370,
371, 378, 384
- Supporting analysis re, 360–364
- U.S. Vietnamese relations, 377
- Green, Marshall, 266
- Greene, Graham, 402
- Gregory, Ann, 123n,
124, 548
- Ha Van Vuong, 557
- Halberstam, David, 102, 112, 216, 218, 237, 277–278, 364, 444n, 593, 600n
- Hannah, Norman B., 538n, 704–705
- Harbin, William A., 749n
- Harkins, Betty, 523
- Harkins, Gen. Paul
D.:
- Buddhist crisis, 194–195
- Communist insurgency:
- Increased activity, 659
- Infiltration of materiel, 659–660
- Congressional attitude toward, 447
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Assessment of, 266–268, 612–613
- Border security and surveillance, 661
- Cambodian sanctuaries, actions against, 439–440
- Command systems, 535, 549
- Coup against Diem
and, 566–567, 575
- 500-pound bombs for, 317
- Government instability, impact of, 117–118
- Improvements demanded by U.S., 496–498, 500
- Mekong Delta situation, 431
- Operational intensity level, 660
- Summary reports, 99
- Country Team role, 381–382
- Coup against Diem, 505
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 24
- Assessment of, 23, 481–482
- Oct. 26 attempt, cancellation of,
424n,
427
- Postponement of coup (Aug. 31), 64–66
- U.S. military, Generals contacts with, 427, 431–432, 433
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Assurances of support for Generals, 28, 29, 32, 42
- Deniability concerns, 429
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 499
- “Not thwart Generals plan” policy, 427
- Position on, 3, 11, 12,
17, 22, 23–25
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 32–33
- Suspension of coup, option for, 437n
- Diem-Harkins contact on military
matters, 86
- Generals attitude toward, 593, 594, 600,
602
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 194
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 379, 481
- Honolulu meeting, 612–613, 616–617, 618,
624
- Krulak-Mendenhall mission:
- Interview with Krulak, 160
- Krulak’s meetings
with military, 146
- Lodge, communication with,
455–456,
479–481,
732–733
- McNamara-Taylor mission, Diem’s meeting with, 311, 315,
317
- Media attacks on, 593, 594, 600
- Minh, assessment of, 274–275
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 10–11, 23–24, 25, 214
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 531
- Public works program, Vietnamese, 315
- Replacement, CIA assessment of,
602–603
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Command organization, 612
- Paramilitary forces, training for, 660
- Revamping of, 570–571
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Identification of Communists in hamlets, 617
- Medical services, 623
- Overhaul of, 618
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 652–653
- Harriman, W. Averell, 26, 64n, 69, 89n, 90n, 92n, 124n, 161, 190, 194n,
209, 266n, 269n, 335n, 356, 358n, 368, 456n, 457n, 549n,
564n, 663n
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 661
- Communist insurgency, 741
- Countercoup operations, 36n, 39n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n
- Cambodian sanctuaries, actions against, 701
- Improvements demanded by U.S., 500
- Mekong Delta situation, 749
- Coup against Diem, 507n, 519n, 522n, 523n, 552n
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 527n
- Thai’s endorsement of, 114–115
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 40n, 431n, 433n, 449n, 450n, 453n, 456n, 457n, 477n, 488n, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 14n, 212n
- Coordination between Saigon and Washington, 13–14
- “Diem as best
leader” issue, 6, 9
- Harkins’ position,
13
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473n, 475n, 484n, 500n
- Lansdale’s
involvement, 241
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 459n, 463n, 471, 472
- Pros and cons of supporting coup, 4, 5, 6
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Kennedy’s letter to
Diem re, 287n
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 200, 251, 252n
- Structure and composition of government, 308n
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 97–98, 108n, 128n
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 371n, 430
- International conference on Vietnam, proposed, 706n
- Krulak-Mendenhall mission, 146
- Lodge, meetings with, 633, 634,
665n
- Lodge assassination
threats, 394, 395n
- Madame Nhu’s U.S. visit,
283
- McNamara-Taylor mission, 251, 256
- Minh, Harkins’ assessment of, 274n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam:
- Provisional government of Vietnam:
- U.S. recognition of, 565n
- Yearend assessment of, 753
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, 571n
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704
- United Nations, political proposals re Vietnam, 331, 332n
- U.S. Deputy Chief of Mission, selection of, 665–666
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
- Conflicting viewpoints within administration, 235
- NSC-endorsed policy, 350
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, Lodge’s plan for neutralization of, 634, 656
- Helble, John J., 130, 562–563
- Helms, Richard, 1, 7, 12,
64n, 70, 117, 266n, 449n, 450n, 453n, 456n, 457n, 477n, 484n, 488n, 500n, 503n, 507n, 549n, 564n, 663n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 14n, 30, 468
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 54
- Henderson, Greg, 236
- Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 390–391, 586
- Hien. See
Nguyen Huu Hien, Col.
- Higgins, Marguerite, 119, 168, 551, 560n
- Hightower, 103–104
- Hilsman, Roger, Jr., 2, 6–7, 12, 15n, 18, 26n, 32n, 33n, 63n, 64n, 78n, 85n, 86n, 89n, 90n, 92n, 117, 124n, 144, 194n, 266n, 335, 356, 358n, 406, 456n, 549n, 550n,
564n, 663n, 666
- Buu Hoi, meeting with, 332–334
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 641
- Congressional hearings on Vietnam, 113
- Countercoup operations, 36n, 39n, 49–52
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n
- Crop destruction and defoliation, 448
- Kill ratios, 720
- Coup against Diem, 507n, 519n, 522n, 523n, 552n
- Congressional testimony re, 573
- Media speculation about, 25–26
- Propaganda efforts by Generals, 521n
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 40n, 419n, 431n, 433n, 449n, 450n, 453n, 456n, 457n, 477n, 488n, 503n
- U.S. knowledge of various aspects, 491
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 14n, 212n
- Active encouragement of coup, 56
- Assistance for Generals, 4, 8
- Assurances of support for Generals,
- 28, 56, 71, 79
- Contacts with Generals, 103,
106n
- Coordination between Saigon and Washington, 17n
- Covert operations, 30
- “Diem as best
leader” issue, 9
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473n, 475n, 484n, 500n
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 459, 472
- “Not thwart Generals plan” policy, 367n
- Propertied class, common cause with, 357
- Pros and cons of supporting coup, 4, 5, 6
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 282–283
- U.S. forces, possible use of, 29
- Economic situation in Vietnam, 720
- Government of Diem and
Nhu, popular attitude
toward, 71–72,
269–271
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Congressional demands for, 166–169
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 200
- Kennedy’s letter to
Diem, 231n, 287n
- Political pressure weapons of U.S., 180–181
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 188–189, 190, 195n, 196n, 221–222, 225–230, 236, 251, 265
- Reconciliation policy of U.S., 219–220, 221–225
- Structure and composition of government , 308n
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 116, 118, 275n, 290n
- U.S. disassociation from Nhu, 189
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 71–72, 75–76, 95, 97–98, 104n, 108n, 110n, 128n
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 371n
- International conference on Vietnam, proposed, 706n
- Johnson’s letter to
Minh, 745n
- Kennedy’s television
interview, 81
- Krulak-Mendenhall mission:
- Krulak’s meetings
with military, 146
- Mendenhall’s
report, 243
- Plan and objectives, 130n
- Lodge, meeting with, 632–634
- Madame Nhu’s U.S. visit,
387
- McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 702n
- Minh, Harkins’ assessment of, 274n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam:
- French position, 100
- Nhu’s attempts to
deal with DRV, 111
- Partition issue, 264
- U.S. position, 695n, 710n
- Ngo Dinh family,
disposition following coup, 560n
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 31, 54, 135, 334
- Provisional government of Vietnam:
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, 571n
- Richardson’s transfer from
Vietnam, 364n
- Strategic hamlet program, 642
- Tri Quang, exile for, 218
- United Nations, political proposals re Vietnam, 331–332
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam:
- Joint U.S. Vietnamese policies, management of, 541n
- Resumption of aid following coup, 540n
- U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 193
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 407, 640–641
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
- Ho Chi Minh, 60, 85, 296, 388, 642
- Ho Tan Quyen, Capt., 46, 506, 522
- Ho Tieu, Maj., 507
- Hoa Hao sect, 597, 606, 612, 646, 680, 717, 733, 736–737
- Hoang Van Lac, Col.,
138, 163, 214, 246
- Hodges, 515
- Honolulu meeting:
- Hughes, Thomas L., 456n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n
- Coup against Diem, 507n
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 449n, 450n, 453n, 456n, 457n, 477n, 488n, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 184
- Nhu, problems caused by,
212–215
- Nhu’s anti-American
campaign, 122–123
- Huynh Van Cao, Brig.
Gen., 48, 91, 138–139, 155, 550
- Huynh Van Lang, 40, 428, 558, 713
- Imhof, Johannes V., 59, 388, 565n
- India, 211
- International conference on Cambodia. See
Neutrality issue
under
Cambodia.
- International conference on Vietnam.. proposed, 592–593, 595, 599–600, 706
- International Control Commission (ICC),
408–409, 655
- Janow, Seymour J., 116, 169, 189, 190, 217, 275n, 290n, 356, 358n, 540n, 541n, 620
- Japan, 622
- John XXIII, Pope, 348
- Johnson, Lyndon B., 1, 13, 53, 68, 368, 698
- CIA Station Chief, selection of,
651n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 419
- Coup against Diem,
assessment of, 636
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 74,
95
- Lodge, letter of support
to, 744
- Lodge, meeting with, 627–631, 635–637
- Lodge’s resignation, 692
- McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 690
- McCone’s report,
735
- McNamara’s report,
732
- Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, officers assigned to, 651, 679
- Minh, letter to, 745–747
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 746
- Presidency, 627
- Provisional government of Vietnam, U.S. “braintrust” for, 650
- Social reforms in Vietnam, attitude toward, 636–637
- Truce in Vietnam, proposal for, 691
- U.S. Deputy Chief of Mission, selection of, 650, 693
- U.S. Mission in Vietnam, military man as Ambassador and military
commander, 739
- Johnson, U. Alexis, 269n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 459n, 463n, 468, 472
- McNamara-Taylor mission, 255n, 256
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, 684
- Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) (see also
Taylor, Gen. Maxwell
D.), 119, 379n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 566,
653, 663
- Deterioration of military effort, 582, 583, 585
- Coup against Diem, 14n, 528, 542,
552
- Joint Committee on Economic Policy, 667
- Jones, Col. Raymond, 326, 327n, 419–420
- Jorden, William, 687, 741–743, 753–758
- Karydakis, Mabel, 116n
- Kattenburg, Paul M., 18, 133n, 269n, 332n,
437n
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 462–463
- Postponement of coup (Aug. 31), 70–71
- U.S. knowledge of various aspects, 491–493
- Crop destruction and defoliation, 448–449
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 71,
73–74
- Madame Chuang, meeting with, 237–238
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 407–409
- Vietnam visit, 698n
- Kaysen, Carl, 175, 720
- Kennedy, John F, 32n, 33n, 66n, 398n
- Assassination, 627, 648
- Countercoup operations, 39n
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Improvements demanded by U.S., 369
- Lodge’s assessment
of, 421
- “Losing military war” issue, 165
- Summary reports, 98
- Coup against Diem, 519n
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 533
- Media speculation about, 25–26
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 43
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Assistance for Generals, 4, 8
- Assurances of support for Generals, 28
- Contacts with alternative leaders, 379
- Contacts with Generals, 103
- Coordination between Saigon and Washington, 12–14,
17
- Covert operations, 30
- “Diem as best
leader” issue, 8
- Evacuation planning, 8, 29
- Harkins’ position,
13, 17
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 468, 469, 470, 471, 472–473
- Pros and cons of supporting coup, 2, 3, 4, 5
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 28, 30
- Suspension of coup, option for, 35–36, 437
- U.S. forces, possible use of, 29, 62
- White House control of all communi-cations, 467
- Diem, letter to, 192, 200,
231–234,
287–290
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Congressional demands re, 166,
167, 192
- Endorsement of, 93–94
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 191, 192, 193, 252, 254, 260, 262
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 104, 116, 271, 351, 368–369
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 78, 95, 97,
120, 121, 128n
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 369, 371, 396, 423, 493, 575
- Krulak-Mendenhall mission:
- Briefing on, 162
- Krulak’s meetings
with military, 146
- Lodge, congratulations
for, 579–580
- Lodge’s appointment as
Ambassador, 94–95
- Lodge’s U.S. visit at end
of October, proposed, 397n
- Madame Nhu:
- Silencing of, 191, 192
- U.S. campaign against, 591n
- U.S. visit by, 167
- McNamara-Taylor mission, 254
- Meetings in Washington re, 280–282
- Diem’s perception
of mission as sign of U.S. support, 255n, 256–257
- Military appraisal as purpose of, 278–279
- Report of, 336
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
- Minh, Harkins’ assessment of, 274n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 81, 83, 94, 100,
389
- Nhu’s attempts to deal with
DRV, 111
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 38n,
135
- Administration discussions re, 28, 30, 31
- Media reports on, 103–104
- U.S. campaign against Nhu, 163, 164
- Richardson’s transfer from
Vietnam, 364n
- Strategic hamlet program, 237, 277
- Television interview, 78, 93–95
- Preparation for, 81–83
- Vietnamese response, 102
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 351
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
- Kennedy, Robert E, 13, 100, 118, 119, 161, 190, 199
- Countercoup operations, 5
- Coup against Diem, 5, 470, 519
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 188, 252”
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 359
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704
- Kent, Col. J.R., 758
- Khang. See
Le Nguyen Khang, Lt. Col.
- Khanh. See
Nguyen Khanh,
Maj. Gen.
- Khiem. See
Tran Thien
Khiem, Gen.
- Khuong. See
Nguyen Khuong,
Col.
- Kim. See
Le Van Kim, Brig.
Gen.
- Kleiman, Bob, 594–595
- Komer, Robert W., 146
- Korea, Republic of, 236
- Koren, Henry L. 1:, 130n, 358n, 523n, 527n, 565n, 593, 684, 695n, 719n
- Krulak, Maj. Gen. Victor H. (see also
Krulak-Mendenhall
mission), 1, 7–8, 14n, 26n, 53, 63n, 64n, 69, 89n, 90n, 92n, 100, 124n
169, 185, 190, 201, 220, 269n, 356, 456n, 457n, 583
- Buddhist crisis, 194
- Congressional visit to Vietnam, 446–447
- Countercoup operations, 36n, 39n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n, 653n
- Government instability, impact of, 117–118
- Harkins’
assessment of, 266
- “Losing military war” issue, 164, 165
- Coup against Diem, 507n, 519
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 40n, 449n, 450n, 453n, 456n, 457n, 477n, 488n, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 235–236
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 242–243
- Reconciliation policy of U.S., 242–243
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 357–358, 496n
- Lodge-Harkins relationship, 479n
- McNamara-Taylor mission, 284, 285
- McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 703, 721–727
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 216
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 214
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, 684, 685n
- Krulak-Mendenhall mission:
- Briefing for administration officials, 161–167
- Groups to be interviewed, 133
- Krulak’s meetings with
military, 146
- Krulak’s report, 153–160
- Mendenhall’s report, 144–145, 243–249
- Plan and objectives, 130, 134–135
- Proposal for, 119
- Ky. See
Nguyen Cao Ky,
Lt. Col.
- La. See
Nguyen Van La,
Gen.
- Lac. See
Hoang Van Lac,
Col.
- Lalouette, Roger, 58–59, 67, 89, 111n, 240, 326
- Lam. See
Pham Dang
Lam.
- Lansdale, Maj. Gen. Edward G.,
163, 205, 241, 757
- Laos, 60
- Borders, cooperation with Vietnam re, 606–607
- Counterinsurgency operations in, 639,
667–668,
699–700,
702, 724–725, 729, 734
- French presence in, 81, 83
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 539–540, 630, 675
- Lausche, Frank, 111, 129, 141n, 391
- Le Nguyen Khang, Lt. Col., 45,
159, 428, 506, 508, 512
- Le Quang Trieu, Maj., 424–425
- Le Quang Tung, Col.,
7, 19, 41, 45, 164, 188, 230, 292, 341, 570
- Capture of, 506, 507, 513
- Special Forces, subordination to Joint General Staff, 424–426
- Le Thanh Nhut, Maj., 315
- Le Van Dong, 557
- Le Van Kim, Brig.
Gen., 42, 90, 355
- Arrest of, possible, 36–37
- Cambodia, 646
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607
- Coup against Diem, 420, 451,
461, 492, 512
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 546
- Postponement of (Aug. 31), 86–88
- U.S. assurances of support, 80
- Diem-Nhu relationship, 213
- Government post under Diem, U.S. proposal for, 309
- McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 716
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 553
- Arrests, 547
- Civilian administrators, 457,
546–547
- Press relations, 548
- Purges of Diem
personnel, 548
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, unity of commanders, 547
- Tri Quang, release from U.S.
Embassy, 548
- Le Van Nghiem, Brig.
Gen., 90, 144, 239, 247, 420, 544, 553, 570
- Leatherman, Mildred, 204n, 251n,
256n, 430n
- LeMay, Gen. Curtis, 194n, 535n
- Lippmann, Walter, 100, 695, 731
- Lockhart, Frank P., 706n
- Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 206, 209
- Agricultural situation in Vietnam, 622
- Ambassadorship, desire for, 94–95
- Assassination threats against, 394–395, 399, 443,
517
- Buddhist crisis:
- Concessions by government, 412
- Sanctuary for bonzes at U.S. Embassy, 136–137, 548
- United Nations investigation of, 442–443, 495
- U.S. involvement, alleged, 516
- Bundy’s assessment of, 625
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 654–655, 661–663, 697–698
- Commodity Import Program:
- Political abuses, elimination of, 482–484
- Resumption of U.S. payment, 477–479
- Communist insurgency, 323
- Congressional attitude toward, 447
- Congressional hearings on Vietnam, 113
- Countercoup operations, 68
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Cambodian sanctuaries, actions against, 439
- Improvements demanded by U.S., 438
- Intensification in critical provinces, 703
- Long An Province situation, 714n
- “Losing military war” issue, 260–261
- Minh’s assessment
of, 272–273
- Progress report, 421–423
- Country Team role, 382
- Coup against Diem, 505
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 527, 531–533, 537, 546, 559, 560
- Assessment of, 561–562
- Diem, conversation
with, 513–514
- Reports on, 506–507, 511, 513–514, 526
- Telegram from unknown person, 1,
7
- U.S. foreign policy, implication for, 577–578
- U.S. role, assessment of, 577
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 273
- Bui Diem, meeting
with, 456–457
- Civilian involvement, 488–489
- Dissident elements support for, 477, 503–504
- Don, meeting with,
449
- Dung, meeting with, 457–459
- Postponement of coup (Aug. 31), 66–67
- Stalemate, possible, 488
- Success, chances of, 453–455
- U.S. to be provided with final plans before commencement
of coup, 435
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 14n, 212
- Active encouragement of coup, 261
- Assistance for Generals, 16,
22, 487
- Assurances of support for Generals, 32
- Authority over operations, 30,
460
- Contacts with alternative leaders, 379
- Contacts with Generals, 106,
429, 430–431, 437
- Coordination between Saigon and Washington, 17
- Deniability concerns, 379,
393, 429, 435
- Evacuation planning, 2
- Inertia of Generals, concerns re, 38, 63
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473, 484–488, 500, 502n
- Lansdale’s
involvement, request for, 205–206
- “Not thwart Generals plan” policy, 367–368, 393, 427, 435–436
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 21, 32–33, 282–283
- Suspension of coup, option for, 15–16, 22, 35,
36n,
437
- Diem, assessment of, 442
- Diem, meetings with, 18–20, 140–143, 515–517
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, discussion of, 437–439, 441–446
- Elections in Vietnam, 263
- Government of Diem and
Nhu:
- Bureaucracy’s attitude toward, 144
- Military’s attitude toward, 144, 171–172
- Popular attitude toward, 144,
145, 172
- Totalitarian measures, 392,
494
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Diem, meetings
with, 140–143, 437–439, 441–446
- Diem’s
acquiescence to, 517
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 173
- Kennedy’s letter to
Diem re, 287n
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 195, 198, 202, 203, 225, 252, 260–264, 265
- Propaganda efforts by U.S., 300–301, 342
- Reconciliation policy of U.S., 222
- Structure and composition of government, 308
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 108, 141, 171–174, 176, 196, 215–216, 252, 261–262, 271–272, 275, 290, 299, 305–308, 414, 477–479, 482–484, 515
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 67, 76, 78,
80–81, 95, 104, 107–108, 109–110, 128
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 371, 383, 384, 385–386, 396–397, 401–403, 409–413, 423–424, 437, 441–446, 493–495, 575–578
- Harkins, Gen. Paul D.:
- Harriman, meetings with,
633, 634, 665n
- Hilsman, meeting with, 632–634
- Honolulu meeting, 608–611, 617,
622
- Johnson, meeting with, 635–637
- Johnson’s letter of
support, 744
- Johnson’s letter to
Minh, 745–747
- Kennedy’s congratulations
for, 579–580
- Krulak, interview with,
160
- Lalouette, meeting with,
58–59
- Lam, meeting with, 586–588
- Madame Nhu:
- Silencing of, 208
- U.S. visit by, 414
- McNamara-Taylor mission:
- Diem’s meeting
with, 311, 319, 321
- Diem’s perception
of mission as sign of U.S. support, 255, 256, 257n
- McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 702, 703, 716
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
- Assaults on reporters, 444
- Country Team relations with press, 384–385
- Minh, meeting with, 645–647
- Minh’s inaugural address,
748
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 67, 111n
- Ngo Dinh family,
disposition following coup, 547, 560
- Nhu, assessment of, 259
- Nhu’sresignation offer,
84, 131–132
- Nhu’sremoval from power,
possible, 16, 28, 33, 38–39, 141, 258–259, 386
- Provisional govenment of Vietnam, 575–576, 588–591
- Arrests, 547
- Assessment of, 436, 609–610
- Civilian administrators, 547,
578–579
- Discord among Generals, 557–558, 611
- Generals plan for, 489–490
- Meetings with Generals re, 546–549, 560–561, 587
- Military personnel, positions for, 579
- Political reform, plans for, 609, 611
- Public relations efforts, 587,
590
- Purges of Diem
personnel, 548
- U.S. recognition of, 487–488, 519n, 526, 573–574
- Resignation, 692–693
- Richardson’s transfer from
Vietnam, 205, 364
- Special Forces, Vietnamese, subordination to Joint General Staff,
403–405,
411, 424–426
- Strategic hamlet program, deterioration of, 687–689
- Tho’s meeting with
McNamara-Taylor mission, 321–323
- Thuan’s meetings with
U.S. officials, 137–140
- Tri Quang, release from U.S.
Embassy, 136–137, 548
- U.S. commitment to Vietnam, 91
- U.S. Deputy Chief of Mission, selection of, 633
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam:
- Joint U.S.-Vietnamese policies, management of, 541
- Resumption of aid following coup, 540, 546
- U.S. Embassy building in Saigon, 632–633
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
- All-agency review, 689–690
- NSC-endorsed policy, 353n
- Phase-out of programs, dates for, 610
- U.S. visit at end of October, proposed, 397n
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, plan for neutralization of, 633–634, 656–659
- Long, Russell B., 391
- Los Angeles Times, 117n
- Lucet, Charles, 388, 389
- Luong. See
Bui Van
Luong.
- Luu Van Tinh, 558, 567, 578
- Ma Viet Bang, Capt., 508
- MacDonald, Adm., 64n,
194n, 555n
- Maechling, Charles, Jr., 704
- Mai Huu Xuan, Maj.
Gen., 46, 91, 532, 533, 543, 589, 649
- Malaysia, 574, 675
- Maneli, Mieczyslaw, 89, 125, 126, 239–240, 264
- Manell, Abram E., 593
- Manning, Robert J., 185, 190, 218, 269n, 600n
- Coup against Diem, 519
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 104
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 103–104
- Mansfield, Mike, 167, 192, 391
- Truce in Vietnam, proposal for, 691–692
- Mao Tsetung, 60, 642
- Marines, Vietnamese, 45, 159, 508
- Martial law, 273
- Counterinsurgency operations and, 9
- Nhu’s assessment of, 126–127
- Martin, Edwin M., 514–515, 518
- Mau. See
Vu Van
Mau.
- McCloskey, Robert J., 430n, 706n
- McCone, John A., 166, 194n, 356, 358n, 368, 456n, 457n, 663n,
680
- Buddhist crisis, 199
- CIA Station Chief, selection of,
651n
- Communist insurgency:
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Border security and surveillance, 729–730
- Deterioration of military effort, 737
- Future developments, 738
- Laos, operations in, 729
- Sects, recruitment of, 736–737
- Coup against Diem, 507n, 519n, 552n
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 537n
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 431n, 433n, 449n, 450n, 453n, 456n, 457n, 477n, 488n, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 484n, 500n
- Lansdale’s
involvement, 205, 240–241
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 470
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 206–207
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- CIA proposal for, 201
- “Explosion” in Vietnam, warning re, 406–407
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 188, 189, 191, 200, 252n
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 368
- Johnson-Lodge meeting, 635–637
- Lodge assassination
threats, 395n
- Lodge-Harkins relationship, 733
- Madame Nhu:
- U.S. campaign against, 591n
- U.S. visit by, 101
- McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 718, 735–738
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 278
- Neutral solution for Vietnam:
- Nhu’s attempts to
deal with DRV, 204
- Rapprochement between North and South Vietnam, 295–298
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 31
- Provisional government of Vietnam:
- Civilian administrators, 636
- U.S. covert information on, 736
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, 571n
- Special Forces, Vietnamese, 424
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704, 705
- Student protest movement, 218
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, 684
- McDowell, Harris B., Jr., 378n
- McNamara, Robert S. (see also
McNamara-Taylor
mission), 12, 86n, 89n, 90n, 92n, 98, 114n, 117, 119, 124n, 161, 456n, 457n
- Agricultural situation in Vietnam, 616, 622
- Buddhist crisis, 199
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 718
- Communist insurgency:
- Improved combat-effectiveness, 707
- Successes of, 733
- Countercoup operations, 36n, 39n
- U.S. responses to various scenarios, 56–57
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n
- Border security and surveillance, 702, 729–730
- Deterioration of military effort, 582n
- Financial concerns, 621
- Improvements demanded by U.S., 500
- Intensification in critical provinces, 702
- Laos, operations in, 702, 729, 734, 739
- Long An Province situation, 714n
- Mekong Delta situation, 717
- Sects, recruitment of, 733
- Coup against Diem, 507n, 519n
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 537n
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 40n, 449n, 450n, 453n, 456n, 457n, 477n, 488n, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 14n
- Assurances of support for Generals, 56, 71
- Contacts with Generals, 103
- Contingency planning, 55–56
- Coup plan, advance notice of, 29
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents, 8, 29
- Inertia of Generals, concerns re, 55
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473n, 475n
484n,
499n,
500n
- Lansdale’s
involvement, 241
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 469–470, 471, 472
- Pros and cons of supporting coup, 2, 4–5
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 29, 176
- Suspension of coup, option for, 35n
- Diem-Harkins contact on military
matters, 86
- Economic situation in Vietnam, 620,
628
- Government of Diem and
Nhu:
- Military’s attitude toward, 117, 119
- Popular attitude toward, 71,
72
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 192
- Kennedy’s letter to
Diem re, 287n
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 191, 199, 200, 201, 252n
- Propaganda efforts by U.S., 359
- Reconciliation policy of U.S., 220
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 369
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 70, 73, 95,
104n
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 356–357, 359, 371n, 496n
- Honolulu meeting, 608n, 616, 617, 618,
620, 621, 622
- Johnson-Lodge meeting, 636
- Krulak-Mendenhall mission, 119
- Lodge-Harkins relationship, 479n, 732–733
- Lodge’s resignation, 693
- Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, officers assigned to, 735
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 734
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 27
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 732
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, command organization, 716–717
- Special Forces, Vietnamese, 424
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Identification of Communists in ham-lets, 617
- Overhaul of, 618
- U.S.-Vietnamese disagreements re, 237, 277
- U.S. Deputy Chief of Mission, selection of, 628
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 351
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
- All-agency review, 684
- Conflicting viewpoints within administration, 235
- Congressional testimony, 390–391
- NSC-endorsed policy, 351, 352
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, U.S.
- covert operations against, 702, 734
- Vietnam visit (Dec.):
- Agenda for, 702–703
- Generals, meeting with, 716–719, 725–726, 730–731
- Instructions for, 700
- Johnson’s decision
re, 690
- Krulak’s report,
721–727
- McCone’s report,
735–738
- McNamara’s report,
732–735
- Sullivan’s report,
728–731
- McNamara-Taylor mission, 251
- Diem, meeting with, 310–321
- Diem’s perception of
mission as sign of
- Instructions for McNamara,
265–266,
278–279
- Instructions presented to mission party, 284–287
- Kennedy’s decision re, 254, 257
- Kennedy’s letter to
Diem, 287–290
- McNamara’s interviews:
- Meetings in Washington re, 280–282
- Military appraisal as purpose of, 257,
278–279
- Report of, 336–346, 350–354
- State Department representative, 256,
266
- Sullivan’s interview with
third country representatives, 325–326
- Taylor’s interview with
Minh, 326–327
- Taylor’s letter to
Diem, 328–330
- Tho, meeting with, 321–323
- Meagher, Ed, 117n
- Meany, George, 561
- Mecklin, John, 130, 199, 443
- Closing of USIS field offices,
possible, 405
- Congressional attitude toward, 447
- Counterinsurgency operations, 165–166
- Coup against Diem, U.S. policy re, 150–153
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 149–150
- Propaganda efforts by U.S., 300–301
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 165–166
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 150
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
- Assaults on reporters, 444
- Censorship by Diem
government, 142
- CIA assessment of, 278
- Congressional assessment of, 446
- Counterinsurgency operations, 216–217
- Country Team relations with press, 384–385
- Coup against Diem,
speculation about, 25–26
- Diem’s assessment of, 19, 444–445
- Discussion in Washington re, 175
- Harkins, attacks on, 593, 594,
600
- International conference issue, 592–593, 595
- Kennedy-Diem communications re, 232, 233
- Kennedy’s displeasure with,
111–112,
116, 281
- Local press, 754
- Madame Nhu’s U.S. visit,
335–336
- Neutrality issue, 296, 695, 731,
754
- Nhu’s attempts to deal with
DRV, 111
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 103–104
- Provisional government’s press relations, 548, 649, 712–713, 718, 754
- Richardson’s transfer from
Vietnam, 364–365
- Strategic hamlet program, 237, 277–278
- Suspension of aid to Diem
regime, 351
- Mekong Delta. See under Counterinsurgency operations.
- Mendenhall, Joseph A. (see also
Krulak-Mendenhall
mission), 199, 437n, 550n, 640n
- Countercoup operations, 49n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 460n, 461n, 463n, 468n, 470n, 472
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 290n, 308n
- Harkins, media attacks on,
600n
- International conference on Vietnam, proposed, 706n
- Johnson’s letter to
Minh, 745n
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 248–249
- Provisional government of Vietnam,
- U.S. “braintrust” for, 758
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704
- United Nations, political proposals re Vietnam, 331n
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, reiteration of, 592–593, 599n
- Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) (see also
Harkins, Gen. Paul
D.):
- Miller, Bob, 651
- Minh, “Big.” See
Duong Van Minh, Maj. Gen.
- Minh, “Little.” See
Tran Van Minh, Maj.
Gen.
- Montagnards, 246, 612, 673, 683
- Montgomery, James M., 719n, 745
- Morse, Wayne, 391, 392
- Morton, Col., 147
- Murphy, William T., 378n
- Murrow, Edward R., I, 13, 53, 119, 149, 161, 199, 405
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 192–193
- Pressure on Diem, U.S.
policy for, 188
- Propaganda efforts by U.S., 300
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 73
- Nhu’s removal from power, possible,
28, 103–104
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704
- U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 193–194
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, world opinion re, 210–211
- National Revolutionary Movement, 304
- National Security Action Memoranda: 263 (Oct. 11,
1963), 395–396, 273 (Nov. 26,
1963), 637–640
- National Security Council meeting (Oct. 2), 350–352
- National Union of Students, 399
- National unity government for Vietnam, proposed, 237–238
- Navy, Vietnamese, 46, 59
- Nes, David G., 733
- Neubert, Joseph W., 406–407, 719n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam:
- French position, 60, 67, 388, 389
- De Gaulle’s
statement on, 55n
- Kennedy’s statement
on, 94
- U.S. attitude toward, 61–62, 81,
83, 100, 297–298
- U.S.-French meeting re, 59–61
- Media coverage, 296, 695, 731,
754
- Nhu’s attempts to deal with
DRV, 55, 72, 89–90, 125–126, 184, 204,
214, 219, 297, 324, 326, 521
- Generals attitude toward, 239–240
- Media reports on, 111n
- Military’s attitude toward, 294
- Third country opinions on, 325–326
- Nhu’s “official” position,
85
- Partition issue, 264
- Rapprochement between North and South Vietnam, 295–298
- United Nations and, 332
- U.S. position, 695, 710, 734,
746
- U.S.-French discussions re, 59–61, 601
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, position, 297
- Vietnamese popular attitude toward, 270, 298, 754
- Vietnamese support, U.S. contingency planning for, 51
- World opinion on, 183, 210–211
- Neutrality for Cambodia. See under
Cambodia.
- New York Times, 25, 75, 111–112, 175n, 216, 237, 277, 387, 581, 592, 593, 594, 637n, 652, 695, 697, 731
- Newman, Col. Ralph E., 36–37, 42
- Nghiem. See
Le Van Nghiem, Brig.
Gen.
- Nghiep, 19
- Ngo Dinh Can, 635
- Ngo Dinh Diem (see also
Government of Diem and Nhu):
- Assassination, 527, 531–533, 545, 559
- Buddhist crisis, 18–19, 319–320, 348,
349
- Government propaganda re, 142
- U Thant’s letter re, 112
- U.N. investigation of, 442–443
- U.S. involvement, alleged, 516
- Cadres, political, 313
- Communist defectors, 316
- Communist insurgency, 314–315
- Countercoup operations. See
Countercoup operations.
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Crop destruction and defoliation, 314
- 500-pound bombs for, 316–317
- Taylor’s
assessment of, 328–330
- Coup, 513–514, 534
- Knowledge of coup plotting, 2,
92, 515
- Surrender, 525n
- Elections in Vietnam, 314
- Family, defense of, 18
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Acquiescence to, 517
- Generals in cabinet positions, 292
- Lodge, meetings
with, 140–143, 441–446
- Resistanceto, 317–321, 398–399, 559–560
- Suspension of U.S. aid and, 141, 414, 441–446, 515
- Harkins-Diem contact on military matters,
86
- Hoa Hao sect and, 597
- Kennedy’s criticism of,
93–94
- Kennedy’s letter to, 192, 200,
231–234,
287–290
- Lodge, meetings with, 18–20, 140–143, 441–446, 515–517
- Lodge assassination
threa15, 443
- Lodge’s assessment of,
442
- Madame Nhu:
- McNamara-Taylor mission, meeting with, 310–321
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
- Assaults on reporters, 444
- Censorship of press, 142
- Complaints re, 19, 444–445
- Kennedy’s
communications re, 232, 233
- Mekong Delta region, attitude toward, 750
- Mental state, 18, 298
- Nhu:
- Provinces, creation of, 313
- Public works program, 315
- Strategic hamlet program, 311–313, 597
- Student protest movement, 318
- Taylor’s letter to, 328–330
- U.S. Information Service, criticism of, 142–143
- U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam, support for, 386
- Ngo Dinh family,
disposition following coup (see also
Ngo Dinh
Can), 547, 551, 560, 570
- Ngo Dinh Luyen, 18
- Ngo Dinh Nhu (see also
Government of Diem and Nhu; Ngo Dinh family):
- Anti-American campaign, 122–123, 124,
213–214
- Assassination, 527, 531–533, 545, 559
- Buddhist crisis:
- Assessment of, 126–127, 258
- Sanctuary for bonzes in U.S. Embassy, 125
- U.N. investigation of, 415,
418
- U.S. involvement, alleged, 416
- CIA, attitude toward, 91
- CIA interview, 124–127
- Communist insurgency, contacts with, 85, 126
- Control of government, 138
- Countercoup operations. See
Countercoup operations.
- Counterinsurgency operations, 139
- Coup, 512–513
- Diem, relationship with,
213, 293
- Diem’s defense of, 18, 141, 517
- Dinh and, 207
- Generals, meetings with, 90–92
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, edh:
- Diem’s resistance
to, 560
- Generals in cabinet positions, 127
- Prime Ministership, creation of, 84
- Hoa Hao sect and, 597
- Lodge assassination
threats, 394
- Lodge’s assessment of,
259
- Martial law, 126–127
- Mekong Delta region, attitude toward, 750
- Mental state, 214, 219, 298,
394
- Military’s attitude toward, 156, 157, 158,
161
- Neutral solution for Vietnam (see also Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, attempts to deal
with
below), 85
- Power grab, possible, 9
- Rapprochement with U.S., 55
- Removal from power, possible:
- Diem’s rejection
of, 141
- Discussions in Washington re, 27–28, 30–31,
54–55, 163–166
- Harkins’ position,
10–11, 23–24, 25
- Lalouette’s
position, 58
- Lodge’s position,
38–39, 386
- Media reports on, 103–104
- Mendenhall’s
position, 248–249
- Nhu’s rejection of,
258–259
- Nolting’s
position, 120, 121
- Popular support for, 214–215
- Rusk’s position,
33–34
- U.S. campaign re, 163–164, 165–166
- U.S. position, 16, 135, 177, 254, 334
- Resignation offer, 84, 101, 127,
131–132
- Richardson and, 65
- Secret police force, 124, 213
- Special Forces, control of, 213
- Thuan threatened by, 140
- U.S. civilians in Saigon, criticism of, 125
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 84–85, 417
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, opposition to, 385–386
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, criticism of, 91–92, 416–418
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, attempts to deal
with, 55, 72,
89–90,
125–126,
184, 204, 214, 219, 297, 324, 326,
521
- Ngo Dinh Nhu, Madame,
58, 131
- Anti-American campaign, 122–123, 124
- Assassination of Diem and
Nhu, reaction to, 551
- Chuong’s attitude toward,
238
- Diem’s defense of, 18, 319
- Kennedy, comments on, 191n
- Lodge, criticism of, 283n
- Ngo Dinh family,
disposition following coup, 551, 560n, 570
- Secret police force, 122–123, 124
- Silencing of, U.S. demand for, 191,
192, 208, 319, 335
- U.S. campaign against, 591
- U.S. military, criticism of, 281, 318–319
- U.S. visit, 84, 101, 104–105, 140–141, 167,
175, 198, 238, 283, 335–336, 387,
414
- Ngo Dinh Thuc
(Archbishop of Hue), 143, 175, 273, 324, 635
- Buddhist crisis, 348
- Diem’s defense of, 18
- Ngo Trong Hieu, 366, 386
- Ngoc, Gen., 512
- Ngu Quang Truong, 428
- Nguyen Cao Ky, Lt.
Col., 428, 509
- Nguyen Dinh Thuan,
27, 81, 117, 118, 122, 214, 268, 431, 615
- Assassination, fear of, 138, 140
- Countercoup operations, 139
- Counterinsurgency operations, 261
- Coup against Diem, 138, 507
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 559
- Diem-Nhu relationship, 213
- Government of Diem and
Nhu, assessment of, 137–140
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 309
- Diem’s resistance
to, 559–560
- Support for, 301–303
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 414
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 441–442
- Madame Nhu’s U.S. visit,
414
- McNamara-Taylor mission, Diem’s meeting with, 310, 321
- Nhu, opposition to, 163
- Resignation rumors, 274
- Special Forces, Vietnamese, 403–405
- Nguyen Duy Bach, 713
- Nguyen Giac Ngo, Gen., 91
- Nguyen Huu Co, Col., 534, 544
- Nguyen Huu Duong, 428, 504
- Nguyen Huu Hien, Col., 46, 506, 529
- Nguyen Khanh, Maj.
Gen., 91, 712
- Buddhist crisis, 147
- Counterinsurgency operations, 157
- Coup against Diem, 366, 451,
461, 492, 512
- Leadership group, 240
- Strategy meetings of Generals, 40, 41
- U.S. assurances of support, 79
- Nguyen Khuong, Col.,
419–420, 424, 432, 433, 454, 512
- Nguyen Ngoc Le, Maj. Gen., 512, 529
- Nguyen Ngoc Linh, Lt., 532
- Nguyen Ngoc Tho,
27, 117
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 697, 731
- Communist insurgency, 322–323
- Counterinsurgency operations, 596–599
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan re, 463
- Generals attitude toward, 40
- Governmental refonn in Vietnam, 309,
321–322
- McNamara-Taylor mission, meeting with, 321–323
- McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 718
- Popular attitude toward, 270, 681
- Presidency for, possible, 180, 458
- Press relations, 712–713, 718
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 524n, 589
- Cabinet position, 558, 567
- Council of Sages, 648–649
- Promotions of Generals, 557
- Strategic hamlet program, 322, 596–599
- U.S. suspension of aid to Diem regime, 495
- Nguyen Phuong Thiep, 547, 551
- Nguyen Than Cung, 558, 567, 578
- Nguyen Ton Hoan, 237
- Nguyen Tran, 303
- Nguyen Van Bieh, Maj., 503
- Nguyen Van La, Maj.
Gen., 91, 512
- Nguyen Van Luc, 503
- Nguyen Van Mau, 567
- Nguyen Van Thien, Col., 44, 529
- Nguyen Van Thieu,
Col., 48, 420, 428, 509, 534, 544
- Nguyen Van Tu, Lt. Col., 508
- Nguyen Van Tu, Maj., 428, 509
- Nhieu, Maj., 36
- Nhon, Col., 550, 553
- Nhon, Gen., 155
- Nhon, Maj., 42, 239
- Nhu. See
Ngo Dinh
Nhu; Ngo
Dinh Nhu, Madame.
- Nhu, Madame. See
Ngo Dinh Nhu,
Madame.
- Nolting, Frederick E., Jr., 12, 26, 98, 117, 168, 199
- Buddhist crisis, 199
- Communist defections, 100
- Country Team role, 382
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Assurances of support for Generals, 56
- “Diem as best
leader” issue, 6, 8
- Evacuation planning, 8 Pros and cons of supporting coup,
3, 6
- U.S. support for coup, Diem’s knowledge of, 2
- Government of Diem and
Nhu, popular attitude
toward, 74
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 188
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 73, 102, 120, 121
- Krulak-Mendenhall mission, briefing on,
162
- Nhu and, 517
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 27, 28, 30, 54, 120, 121, 164
- Oai. See
Tran Tu Oai, Brig. Gen.
- Operation Hardnose, 728, 729, 734
- Peace Corps, Vietnamese, 672, 755
- Pelen, Pierre, 59, 388
- Perruso, Dolores P., 97n, 283n, 500n, 665n, 701n
- Peyrefitte, Alain, 551n
- Pham Dang Lam, 506, 578
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 697, 731
- Coup against Diem, 588
- Lodge, meeting with, 586–588
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 558, 567, 589
- Pham Huy Co, 237, 504
- Pham Ngoc Thao, Col., 53, 54n, 65, 310, 400–401
- Coup against Diem, 503, 504
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 532
- Strategy meetings of Generals, 40–41
- Coup led by, possible, 428, 451, 453
- U.S. post, assignment to, 713
- Pham Van Dong, 85, 89, 125, 239, 409, 601n,
658
- Pham Van Dong, Col., 420
- Pham Van Tung, 304
- Pham Xuan Chieu, 46, 90, 355, 461, 492, 512
- Phan Huy Quat, 453, 457, 458, 462–463, 524n
- Philippines, 675
- Phillips, Rufus C., 26, 130, 169, 199, 206, 241, 246
- Counterinsurgency operations, 165
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 249–251
- Departure from Vietnam, 445
- Generals, meetings with, 80, 86–88
- Minh, assessment of, 606–607
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 163–164
- Province chiefs, reorientation of, 605–606
- Provisional government of Vietnam, U.S. “braintrust” for, 758
- Strategic hamlet program, overhaul of, 596–599, 604
- Thuan, meeting with, 137–139
- Phoumi Nosovan, 69, 540, 607
- Phuoc, Col., 140, 291
- Poats, R., 704
- Province chiefs:
- Provisional government of Vietnam:
- Ambassador in Washington, 589, 590
- Arrests, 547, 551, 552, 558, 651,
673, 713
- Cabinet positions, 557–558, 567–568
- Chief of State, 717
- Chinese racketeers, policy on, 590–591
- CIA assessment of, 648–649, 680–681, 711–713
- Civilian administrators, 457, 512, 523–524n, 542, 546–547, 578–579, 636
- Complaints re, 579
- Confusion and paralysis in, 711–713, 732
- Council of Sages, 489–490, 609,
648–649,
681, 720
- De Gaulle’s assessment of,
568–569
- Decree on, 554
- Discord among Generals, 557–558, 611,
681, 718, 754–755
- Dissident groups and, 615, 681
- Dung’s recommendations for, 458
- Economic policies, 542, 613–614
- Executive’s role, 589
- Foreign relations, 538–540, 588,
630
- French recognition of, 601
- Generals plan for, 250–251, 489–490, 493
- Harkins, Generals attitude
toward, 593, 594, 600, 602
- Inauguration of Minh, 748
- Jorden’s assessment of, 753–758
- Lodge’s assessment of,
436, 609–610
- Military personnel, positions for, 543–544, 553, 579
- Military-civilian relationship within, 588
- National Assembly, 489–490
- Police forces, 553, 587, 589,
613, 615
- Policy implementation, lines of, 649
- Political reform, plans for, 609, 611
- Popular support for, 575–576, 671–672
- Press relations, 548, 649, 712–713, 718,
754
- Promotions of Generals, 557
- Province chiefs and, 535, 550, 554,
564–565,
612, 613, 699, 711
- Public relations efforts, 587, 590, 718,
755
- Purges of Diem personnel,
548
- Tri Quang, position offered
to, 514, 519–520
- U.S. assessment of, 629
- U.S. “braintrust” for, 646, 650, 669–670, 687,
690, 747, 757–758
- U.S. covert information on, 736
- U.S. recognition of, 519, 526
- Year-end assessment of, 753–758
- Quyen. See
Ho Tan Quyen, Capt.
- Ranger Companies, Vietnamese, 425
- Rau, 640–641
- Rawlings, Francis H., 690n
- Raymond, Jack, 594n
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces (RVNAF)
(see also
Special Forces, Vietnamese):
- Air Force, 46, 159, 509–510
- Army, 604–605, 712
- Budget, 621
- Command organization, 612, 716–717
- Communist infiltration, 645
- Coup against Diem and,
475–476,
508–510,
522, 530–531
- Government of Diem and
Nhu, attitudes toward,
154–160,
171–172,
247
- Loyalties of units and commanders, 43–48
- Marines, 45, 159, 508
- Navy, 46, 159
- Paramilitary forces (see also
Civil Guard; Civilian
Irregular Defense Group; Self Defense
Corps):
- Ranger Companies, 425
- Reorganization of, 570–572
- Troop strength, 682
- Unity of commanders, 547
- Weapons losses, 708
- Republican Youth, 259, 570
- Reston, James, 175, 581, 592
- Reunification issue, 332
- Rice, Edward E., 437n, 462, 600n
- Rice production, 616, 622
- Richardson, John H., 65, 228, 230, 276n
- Riley, Vice Adm. Herbert D., 62
- Rostow, Walt W., 266, 269n
- Rusk, Dean, 12, 26, 30,
64n, 68, 69, 86n, 89n, 90n, 92n, 118, 124n, 131, 194n, 218, 266n, 269n, 335n, 456n, 457n, 549n, 564n, 663n, 666, 719
- Buddhist crisis:
- Communist influences, 199
- Negotiations to resolve, 77
- Political aspects, 186–187
- U.N. investigation of, 349n
- Buu Hoi, meeting with, 347–349
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 695–696
- Congressional hearings on Vietnam, 113
- Countercoup operations, 36n, 39n
- DRV assistance for
Diem, 34, 55
- U.S. responses to various scenarios, 49, 56
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n
- Deterioration of military effort, 418, 582
- Improvements demanded by U.S., 370
- “Losing military war” issue, 165
- Coup against Diem, 507n, 519n, 522n, 552n
- “Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 527, 537n, 550–551
- Congress informed of, 520–521, 573
- Propaganda efforts by Generals, 521
- U.S. guidance for Generals, 524
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 40n, 431n, 433n, 449n, 450n, 453n, 456n, 457n, 477n, 488n, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 212
- Assistance for Generals, 16
- Assurances of support for Generals, 26, 32, 71
- Contacts with Generals, 103,
106
- Contingency planning, 55, 56
- Coordination between Saigon and Washington, 17
- Coup plan, advance notice of, 28, 29
- Evacuation planning, 32
- Inertia of Generals, concerns re, 55–56, 63
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473n, 475n, 484n, 500n
- Lansdale’s
involvement, 205, 240–241
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 463n, 469, 470, 471, 472
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 32–33,
176, 206n
- Suspension of coup, option for, 15–16, 35
- Diem-Harkins contact on military
matters, 86
- Government of Diem and
Nhu:
- Military’s attitude toward, 130
- Popular attitude toward, 130,
269
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Congressional demands re, 188,
192
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 187, 200
- Failure, consequences of, 117
- Kennedy’s letter to
Diem re, 287n
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 183–188, 189, 190, 191, 195–198, 199–200, 202, 203, 221, 236, 252n, 265
- Reconciliation policy of U.S., 220, 221
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 118, 186, 196, 215, 275–277, 299n, 305n
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 70, 72–73,
74, 76–79, 80, 97,
101–102, 104–106, 107, 108–109, 110n, 117, 119–120, 121, 128–129, 140
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 370, 371, 379, 396–397, 409, 441, 442
- Harkins, media attacks on,
600
- Honolulu meeting, 608n, 611, 613, 615,
619, 621
- International conference issue, 599–600, 706
- Johnson-Lodge meeting, 635
- Johnson’s letter to
Minh, 745–747
- Krulak-Mendenhall mission, 130, 133–135
- Lodge, congratulations
for, 579–580
- Lodge assassination
threats, 394
- Lodge’s U.S. visit at end
of October, proposed, 397n
- Madame Nhu:
- Silencing of, 208
- U.S. visit by, 198
- McNamara-Taylor mission:
- Diem’s perception
of mission as sign of U.S. support, 255n, 256–257
- Military appraisal as purpose of, 278n
- State Department representative, 266
- McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 690
- Minh, Harkins’ assessment of, 274n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam:
- French position, 59–62, 388
- Nhu’s attempts to
deal with DRV, 184, 219
- Partition issue, 264
- U.S. position, 695, 710n
- Ngo Dinh Nhu family,
disposition following coup, 551, 560n
- Nhu, problems caused by,
212
- Nhu’s anti-American
campaign, 122
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 16, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33–34, 38, 54, 135
- Provisional government of Vietnam:
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, 571n
- Special Forces, Vietnamese, 424
- Strategic hamlet program, 623
- Student protest movement, 218
- Tri Quang, exile for, 218
- U.S. Deputy Chief of Mission, selection of, 650
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam:
- Joint U.S.-Vietnamese policies, management of, 541–542
- Resumption of aid following coup, 540–541, 551
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
- Saigon-Cholon Waterworks, 341, 370, 373
- Saigon Electric Power Project, 341, 370, 373
- Salinger, Pierre, 81n, 96, 351
- Sarit Thanarat, 696n
- Sarris, Leo G., 122n,
133n
- Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 175, 533, 555
- Self Defense Corps:
- Sheehan, Neil, 218–384
- Sheldon, 206, 218–219
- Shoup, Gen. David M., 64n, 194n,
535n
- Sihanouk, Prince Norodom, 538, 539, 588, 641, 654, 655, 674, 696n, 731
- Silver, Solomon, 541, 618–620
- Smith, Bromley, 6, 13n, 31, 53n, 69n, 74n, 103, 120, 161, 171, 175, 190, 193, 195n, 357, 358n, 368n, 471, 473, 685n
- Smith, David O., 218–219
- “Smith,” Prof., 293–295
- Smith, Maj. William Y, 174n, 216n,
518n, 555n, 593n, 625n
- Solbert, 704
- Son, Col., 47
- Sorensen, Theodore C., 169
- Souvanna Phouma, 540, 607, 675
- Counterinsurgency operations in Laos, 739–740
- Soviet Union, 60, 184
- Special Forces, Vietnamese:
- Loyalty to Diem, 45, 509
- Nhu’s control of, 213
- Revamping of, 570, 572
- Subordination to Joint General Staff, 403–405, 411
- U.S. assistance, suspension of, 341–342, 362–363, 369, 373–374
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704–705
- Staley, Eugene, 678
- Starkey, John, 444n
- Starnes, Richard, 390n
- Stevenson, Adlai, 335, 336, 348
- Stilwell, Maj. Gen. Richard G.:
- Stoneman, Walter G., 540n, 541n
- Strategic hamlet program, 5, 91, 322
- British operational plan, 311–312
- CIA assessment of, 683
- Communist attacks on, 165
- “Completed hamlets” issue, 698, 714
- Consolidation of, 376, 586, 590
- Deterioration of, 246, 687–689, 698–699, 712
- First-hand reports re, 714–715
- Diem’s assessment of, 311–313
- Elections and, 314
- Identification of Communists in ham-lets, 617
- Lodge’s assessment of,
422
- Media coverage of, 237, 277–278
- Medical services, 623
- Overextension of, 312, 751
- Overhaul of, 642
- Political aspects, 376
- Popular discontent with, 596–597
- Progress of, 99
- U.S.-Vietnamese disagreements re, 237,
277–278
- Strickler, Col., 42
- Student protest movement, 172, 174, 271, 273
- Communist influences, 194–195, 218
- Coup against Diem and,
543
- Coup by students, possible, 343
- Diem’s assessment of, 318
- Government efforts to neutralize, 399–400
- Minh’s assessment of, 327
- Provisional government and, 615
- Sullivan, William H., 628, 650
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 459n
- Government of Diem and
Nhu, 357–358
- McNamara-Taylor mission, 284, 285,
286, 325–326, 344n
- McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), re-port on, 728–731
- Provisional government of Vietnam,
- U.S. recognition of, 519n
- U.S. Mission in Vietnam, differing atti-tudes within, 380–383
- Year-end observations, 749–752
- Sylvester, Arthur, 286
- Szulc, Tad, 25–26,
111, 175
- Tam Chau, bonze, 333
- Taylor, Gen. Maxwell
D. (see also
McNamara-Taylor
mission), 53, 69, 86n, 89n, 90n, 92n, 119, 124n, 161, 218, 368, 456n, 457n
- Buddhist crisis, 186, 187
- Chuong, meeting with, 268–269
- Communist insurgency:
- Improved combat-effectiveness, 707
- Increased activity, 99
- Popular attitude toward, 322–323
- Countercoup operations, 36n, 39n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n, 659
- Assessment for Diem, 328–330
- Command systems, 535, 549
- Harkins’
assessment of, 266
- Improvements demanded by U.S., 496
- Summary report, 98–99
- Coup against Diem, 507n, 519n, 522, 534
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 533, 569
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 40n
449n
450n
453n
456n
457n
477n, 488n, 503n
- Loyalties of units and commanders, 43
- Postponement of coup (Aug. 31), 64
- Units participating in coup, 2
- U.S. military, Generals contacts with, 431, 433
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Coup plan, advance notice of, 28, 29
- Evacuation planning, 1–2, 7–8, 29
- Harkins’s
position, 13, 14–15,
23
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473n, 475n, 484n, 499n, 500n
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 469, 470
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 193
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 188, 189, 242
- Reconciliation policy of U.S., 220, 242
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 104n
- Honolulu meeting, 611, 618, 624
- Krulak-Mendenhall mission, 119
- Lodge-Harkins relationship, 455–456, 479
- Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, officers assigned to, 651, 679
- Minh, Harkins’ assessment of, 274n
- Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 10, 28
- Provisional government of Vietnam,
- province chiefs and, 535, 564
- Richardson’s transfer from
Vietnam, 364n
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704
- Strategic hamlet program, 99, 618
- U.S. Mission in Vietnam, military man as Ambassador and military
commander, 739
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, 684
- Tenant Farmers Union, 672
- Thacher, Peter S., 347
- Thailand, 210, 574
- Cambodia, relations with, 539
- Internal security, 704–705
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 539, 675
- Thanh, 507
- Thao. See
Pham Ngoc Thao, Col.
- Thien. See
Nguyen Van Thien, Col.
- Thieu. See
Nguyen Van
Thieu, Col.
- Tho. See
Nguyen Ngoc
Tho.
- Thompson, Robert G. K., 119, 204n, 294, 575
- Thomson, Vernon w., 379n
- Thuan. See
Nguyen Dinh
Thuan.
- Thuc. See
Ngo Dinh
Thuc.
- Tien Khiet, bonze, 333
- Times a/Vietnam, 123,
124, 398, 405, 410, 415, 445
- Timmes, Maj. Gen. Charles J., 206, 564, 621
- Ton That Dinh, Maj.
Gen., 2, 48, 148, 240, 366, 571
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 697
- Countercoup operations, 507n
- Coup against Diem, 355, 451,
453, 461, 534
- Krulak’s interview with,
156
- Multiple military responsibilities, 716, 718
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 710
- Neutralization of, U.S. plan for, 673–674
- Nhu and, 207
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 524n, 544,
553, 557–558, 567, 587,
653, 661, 755
- Tran Chanh Thanh, 640–642
- Tran Cuu Thien, Maj., 147
- Tran Kim Tuyen, 40, 292, 503, 507, 509, 558, 561
- Tran Le Quang
524n, 558, 578
- Tran Ngoc Oanh, 558
- Tran Ngoc Tam, Gen., 91, 512
- Tran Quoc Buu, 214, 399, 477, 551, 561, 590
- Tran Sanh Buu, 304
- Tran Thien Khiem,
Gen., 7, 32n, 48, 90
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607
- Coup against Diem, 366, 400–401, 452,
461, 492, 508, 512
- Double agent role, 366–367
- Interim planning, 290–291
- Leadership group, 240
- Postponement of coup (Aug. 31), 64–66
- U.S. assurances of support, 42,
79
- Generals suspicions of, 87, 88
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 239,
291–292
- Nhu’s attempts to deal with
DRV, 239–240
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 553, 557
- Thuan’s assessment of,
139
- Tran Trong Dung, 453, 457–459, 463, 503
- Tran Tu Oai, Brig. Gen., 91, 512, 524n, 553, 558, 567, 574n, 649
- Tran Van Chuong, 122, 237–238, 268–269, 318, 386, 524n
- Tran Van Chuong, Madame, 237–238
- Tran Van Don, Maj.
Gen., 91, 404
- Buddhist crisis, 147
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 697, 718
- Counterinsurgency operations, 554
- Border security and surveillance, 607
- Mekong Delta situation, 717
- Coup against Diem, 366, 461,
492, 509
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 531n, 546, 559, 560
- Conein, meeting with, 450–452
- Contacts with U.S. military, 433
- Initiation of, 505
- Lodge, meeting
with, 449
- Oct. 26 attempt, cancellation of, 423–424n, 427
- U.S. to be provided with final plans before commencement
of coup, 424n, 434
- U.S. updated on planning progress, 354, 450–452
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 66,
309
- McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 717, 718–719
- Minh and, 65
- Nhu family, disposition
following coup, 547, 560, 570
- Popularity of, 545
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 524n, 543,
553
- Arrests, 651
- Cabinet positions, 545, 567
- Chinese racketeers, policy on, 590–591
- Police forces, 553
- Promotions of Generals, 557
- Public relations efforts, 590
- Purges of Diem
personnel, 548
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Revamping of, 570–572
- Unity of commanders, 547
- Self Defense Corps, 718–719
- Special Forces, Vietnamese, 426
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Consolidation of, 590
- Deterioration of, 689
- Tri Quang, release from U.S.
Embassy, 548
- U.S. suspension of aid to Diem regime, 495
- Tran Van Huu, 298
- Tran Van Khiem, 122–123, 124, 140, 303
- Tran Van Ly, 524n, 589
- Tran Van Minh, Maj. Gen., 90,
512, 524n, 532, 557
- Tran Van Nhan, 142
- Tran Van Nhut, 508
- Tri. See
Do Cao Tri, Maj. Gen.
- Tri Quang, bonze, 142, 180, 400
- Buddhist crisis:
- Exile, proposed, 218
- Popular attitude toward, 270
- Provisional government position offered to, 514, 519–520
- Release from U.S. Embassy, 136–137, 519n, 548
- Truce in Vietnam, Mansfield’s
proposal for, 691–692
- Trueheart, William C., 42, 90, 162n, 206, 354, 666
- Congressional attitude toward, 447
- Departure from Vietnam, 628
- Honolulu meeting, 616, 618, 623–624
- Strategic hamlet program, 623–624
- Thuan, meeting with, 139–140
- Tu, 506
- Tung. See
Le Quang Tung,
Col.
- Tunisia, 211
- Tuyen. See
Tran Kim
Tuyen.
- Tyler, William R., 388, 389
- U Thant, 112, 333n, 349n
- Unger, Leonard, 700, 728, 739–740
- United Front Party, 503
- United Kingdom, 696
- United Nations:
- Buddhist crisis:
- General Assembly debate re, 132n, 227, 228–229, 331n
- Investigation of, 320, 333n, 349n, 415, 418, 423, 438, 442–443, 494, 495, 516
- U Thant’s letter to Diem, 112
- Political proposals on Vietnam, 331–332
- Unna, Warren, 241n
- U.S. Deputy Chief of Mission, selection of, 628, 633, 650, 665–666
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam (see also
Commodity Import Program):
- Fertilizer credits, 616, 622
- Joint U.S.-Vietnamese policies, management of, 541–542
- Lend-lease program, proposed, 417
- Loans, 84–85
- P.L. 480 program, 340, 361–362, 370, 373,
540–541,
614
- Reductions, possible impact of, 417
- Resumption of aid following coup, 540–541, 546, 551
- Suspension of. See under
Coup against Diem, U.S. policy re; Governmental reform in Vietnam.
- U.S. policy toward, 638–639
- Vietnamese requirements, 614
- U.S. Embassy building in Saigon, 632–633
- U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 175, 193–194, 300–301
- U.S. Information Service (USIS):
- Closing of field offices, possible, 405
- Diem’s criticism of, 142–143
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam:
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
- Advisers, Krulak’s
interviews with, 153–160
- Disengagement by 1965, proposed, 338, 387
- Force reductions:
- Announcement of reductions, 652–653
- Defense Department plan for, 407–409
- McNamara-Taylor mission
recommendations, 338, 351
- Vietnamese concerns re, 640–641
- Nhu’s opposition, 385–386
- Unlimited commitment, justification for, 150
- Violations of Geneva accords, 408–409
- Withdrawal of forces, U.N. proposal for, 331–332
- U.S. Mission in Vietnam:
- Differing attitudes within, 380–383
- Military man as Ambassador and military commander, proposed, 739
- Press relations, 384–385
- U.S. policy in Vietnam (see also
Coup against Diem, U.S. policy toward;
Honolulu meeting):
- All-agency review (Dec. 6), 684–685
- Conflicting viewpoints within administtation, 235, 390–391
- Congressional hearings on, 113, 390–392
- McNamara-Taylor mission recommendations,
339
- Nhu’s criticism of, 91–92, 416–418
- NSAM
263, 395–396
- NSAM
273, 637–640
- NSC-endorsed policy, 350–354
- Objectives (Sept. 1963), 177–180
- Phase-out of programs, dates for, 610
- Reiteration of, 581–582, 592–593, 599–600
- Vietnamese popular attitude toward, 270
- World opinion on, 210–211
- Van Thanh Cao, Gen., 91
- Vann, Col. John Paul, 516
- Vien. See
Cao Van Vien, Col.
- Viet Congo See
Communist insurgency.
- Vietnam. See:
- Agricultural situation in Vietnam
- Amnesty (Chieu Hoi) Program
- Buddhist crisis
- Commodity Import Program
- Communist insurgency
- Countercoup operations
- Counterinsurgency operations
- Coup against Diem
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward
- Crop destruction program
- Defoliant operations
- Economic situation in Vietnam
- Government of Diem and
Nhu
- Governmental reform in Vietnam
- Martial law
- Media coverage of Vietnam
- Montagnards Neutral solution for Vietnam
- Province chiefs
- Provisional government of Vietnam
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces
- Self Defense Corps
- Strategic hamlet program
- Student protest movement
- Truce in Vietnam
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam
- U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam
- U.S. Mission in Vietnam
- U.S. policy in Vietnam
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of
- Vietnam, Republic of
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of (DRV) (see also
Neutral solution for Vietnam):
- Assistance for Diem in
response to coup, possible, 34, 50, 55, 68
- Chinese People’s Republic, relations with, 388–390
- Media reports from Hanoi, 210
- Neutralization of, Lodge’s
plan for, 633–634, 656–659
- Reunification issue, 332
- U.S. covert operations against, 699,
702, 724–725, 729, 734
- Vietnam, Republic of (see also
Coup against Diem headings; Government of
Diem and Nhu; Governmental reform in Vietnam; Neutral
solution for Vietnam; Provisional government
of Vietnam):
- Agricultural situation, 616, 622
- Cadres, political, 313
- Cambodia, relations with, 538–539, 588,
630, 641, 646, 674
- Can Lao Party, 223, 253, 264,
482–484
- Cao Dai sect, 597, 612, 680,
717, 733, 736–737
- Censorship of press, 142
- Chinese racketeers, 590–591
- Council on Religious Affairs, 264
- Economic situation. See
Economic situation in Vietnam.
- Elections, 253, 263, 303–305, 314
- Emergency Planning Ministry, proposed, 484
- Foreign relations, 675–676
- French economic assistance, 615–616
- Hoa Hao sect, 597, 606, 612,
646, 680, 717, 733, 736–737
- Land reforms, 376, 671, 748
- Laos, relations with, 539–540, 630,
675
- Martial law, 9, 126–127, 273
- National Revolutionary Movement, 304
- National unity government, proposed, 237–238
- Political action campaign, 672–673
- Province-level situation, 616–617
- Provinces, creation of, 313
- Public works program, 315
- Reunification issue, 332
- Secret police force, 122–123, 124,
213
- United Front Party, 503
- Women’s Solidarity Movement, 304
- Vo Van Hai, 213, 214
- Voice of America (VOA), 300–301
- Vu Quoe Thue, 144, 244, 245
- Vu Van Mau, 114, 181, 213, 317–318, 322, 524n, 558, 710n
- Vu Van Thai, 114–115
- Wallner, Woodruff, 331n,
- Walther, Herbert K., 495
- Warner, Denis, 122
- Washington Daily News, 352, 390–391
- Washington Post, 217,
241n, 295
- Whalley, J. Irving, 379n
- Wheeler, Gen. Earle G., 64n, 194n, 535n, 583
- White, W Y, 387n
- Whiting, Albert L., 269n
- Whiting, Allen S., 49n,
122n
- Wilson, Donald M., 356, 358n, 684,
704
- Wolfhill, Grant, 444n
- Women’s Solidarity Movement, 304
- Xuan. See
Mai Huu Xuan, Maj.
Gen.
- Yost, Charles W, 347,
665
- Young, Earl J., 687–689
- Zablocki, Clement J., 378, 430
- Congressional visit to Vietnam, 446–447