Foreign Relations of the United States, 1961–1963, Volume IV,
Vietnam, August–December 1963
Index
- Agricultural situation in Vietnam, 616, 622
- Aiken, Conrad, 391
- Air Force, Vietnamese, 46
- Coup against Diem and,
509–510
- Government of Diem and
Nhu, attitude toward ,
159
- Algeria, 211, 417
-
Alphand, Herve, 100, 388, 389, 601
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 59–61
-
Alsop, Joseph, 217, 281, 294, 295, 296, 692–693
- Amnesty (Chieu Hoi) Program, 585,
670–671, 705
- An Truong Thanh, 567
- Anschuetz, Norbert L., 628, 650, 665
- Armed Forces Radio, 300
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN):
- Corps commanders, changing of, 712
- Coup against Diem and,
508–509
- Reorganization, government plan for, 604–605
- Asbjornson, Mildred, 68n
, 84n
- Asher, 143
- Assassination of Diem and
Nhu.See
under
Coup against Diem
.
-
Ball, George W., 64n, 89n
, 90n
, 92n
, 124n
, 194n
, 21n
, 266n
, 269n
,
334, 335n
, 354n
, 456n
, 457n
, 549n
, 564n
, 663n
- Buddhist crisis, U.N. investigation of, 438
- Countercoup operations, 36n
, 39n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 438,
607n
- Coup against Diem, 507n
, 522n
, 552n
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 40n
, 431n
, 433n
, 449n
, 450n
, 453n
, 456n, 457n
, 477n
, 488n
, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 14n
- “Diem as best
leader” issue, 8
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473n
, 475n
, 484n
, 500n
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 459n
- Pros and cons of supporting coup, 2, 3, 4
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
-
Kennedy’s letter to
Diem re, 287, 290
- Structure and composition of government, 308–310
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 290–291
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 356, 437–439
-
Johnson-Lodge meeting, 635
-
McNamara-Taylor mission, 281
-
Minh, Harkins assessment of, 274n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 389,
695n
, 710
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, 571n
-
Richardson’s transfer from
Vietnam, 364–365
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, 350
-
Barnett, Robert W., 116, 290n
- Belair, Felix, 692–693
-
Bell, David E., 161, 170, 217, 351, 357, 359, 540n
, 541n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 621–622
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 368,
369
- Honolulu meeting, 616, 620, 621–622
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, 684
- Bemau, Phyllis D., 12n
,
61n
, 176n
, 240n
, 264n
, 520n
- Berry, Lt. Col. Sidney, Jr., 284
-
Blake, Lt. Gen. Gordon A., 505, 506, 511, 512, 545
-
Bohlen, Charles E., 388, 389, 565, 568–569
-
Bowles, Chester A., 114
- Breckon, M. Lyall, 651–652
-
Brent, Joseph L., 206, 305, 379n
, 540, 541
- Economic situation in Vietnam, 613–616
- Broomfield, William S., 378n
- Bruce, David K. E., 693–694
- Buddhist crisis:
- Buu Hoi’s assessment of, 333, 348, 349
-
CIA assessment of, 147
- Communist influences, 194–195, 199
- Communist insurgency and, 320
- Concessions by government, 412
- Counterinsurgency operations, impact on, 247–248
-
Diem’s assessment of; 18–19, 112, 319–320
- Government propaganda re, 142
- Military’s attitude toward, 154–158
-
Minh’s assessment of, 327
- Negotiations to resolve, 75, 77
-
Nhu’s assessment of, 126–127, 258
- Pagodas, raids on, 19, 147
- Political aspects, 186–187, 294
- Popular attitude toward government response, 293–294
- Provisional govemment and, 615, 681
- Reduction of tensions, 58
- Religious war, possible, 245
- Sanctuary for bonzes at U.S. Embassy, 125, 136–137, 519n
, 548
- Suicides, 400
-
Thuc’s role in, 348
- U.N. consideration of. See
Buddhist crisis
under
United Nations.
- U.S. demands for ending, 376
- U.S. involvement, alleged, 416, 516
-
Buffum, William B., 331n
-
Bui Diem, 453, 456–457, 463, 503
- Bui Dinh Dam, Col., 509
-
Bui Van Luong, 124, 140, 507, 598
- Bui Van Tinh, 238
- Bunce, William K., 269n
-
Bundy, McGeorge, 12, 53, 64n
, 68, 86n
, 89n
, 90n
, 92n
, 124n
, 149n
, 194n
, 241n
, 266n
, 354n
, 356, 358n
, 368, 398n
, 456n
, 457n
,
549n
, 550n
, 557n
, 579n
- Buddhist crisis:
- Communist influences, 199
- U.N. investigation of, 415
- Countercoup operations, 36n
, 39n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 500,
607n
- Coup against Diem, 507n
, 518, 519n
, 522n
, 523n
, 552n
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 537, 556
- Popular response, 556
- Propaganda efforts by Generals, 521n
- Thai’s endorsement of, 114
- Coup against Diem,
Generals’ plan for, 40n
, 431n
, 433n
, 449n
, 450n
, 453n
, 456n
, 457n
, 477n
, 488n
, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 14n
- Assurances of support for Generals, 28
- Contacts with alternative leaders, 379
- Contacts with Generals, 429,
430, 437
- Deniability concerns, 379,
429
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473–475, 484n
, 499n
, 500–502
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 465n
, 468, 471
- “Not thwart Generals’ plan” policy, 367n
- Pros and cons of supporting coup, 3, 5
- Suspension of aid to encourage acoup, 29, 176, 556
- Suspension of coup, option for, 35n
, 437
- U.S. forces, possible use of, 249n
- White House control of all communications, 467
- Government of Diem and
Nhu:
- Military’s attitude toward, 118
- Popular attitude toward, 74
- Govemmental reform in Vietnam:
- Congressional demands for, 192
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 187, 192, 193
-
Kennedy’s letter to
Diem re, 287n
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 187, 188, 189, 191, 199, 200, 201, 235, 252n
- Structure and composition of government, 308n
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 118, 174, 189, 290n
- U.S. disassociation from Nhu, 189
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 75–76, 95–96, 108n
, 110n
, 120, 128n
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 371n
, 437n
, 496n
-
Harkins, media attacks on,
593, 594
- Honolulu meeting, 608n
, 623, 624
-
Kennedy’s television
interview, 81–83
-
Krulak-Mendenhall mission, 146, 163
-
Lodge, assessment of, 625
-
Lodge-Harkins relationship, 479n
-
Lodge’s resignation, 692–693
-
Lodge’s U.S. visit at end
of October, proposed, 397n
-
Madame Nhu, silencing of,
191, 192
-
McNamara-Taylor mission:
-
Diem’s perception
of mission as sign of U.S. support, 255n
, 256
- Meetings re, 280
- Military appraisal as purpose of, 278n
- State Department representative, 266
-
McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 702n
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 216–217, 593,
594
- Minh, Harkins, assessment of, 274n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam:
- French position, 61–62, 81,
83
- U.S.-French discussions re, 601
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 28, 30, 31
- Provisional government of Vietnam, U.S. recognition of, 525n
, 536n
, 555–556, 565n
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, 571n
- Strategic hamlet program, 623
- U.S. Deputy Chief of Mission, selection of, 665–666, 693–694
- U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 175
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 387
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
-
Bundy, William P., 356, 358n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n
- Coup against Diem, 507n
, 523n
- Coup against Diem,
Generals’ plan for, 449n
, 450n
, 453n
, 456n
, 457n
, 477n
, 488n
, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 275n
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 360n
- Honolulu meeting, 615, 620
-
McNamara-Taylor mission, 265–266, 284, 285,
286, 293n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 695n
- Provisional government of Vietnam, U.S. recognition of, 525n
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, Lodge’s plan for neutralization
of, 656n
- Burchett, Wilfred, 85n
,
296
- Burma, 210
-
Buu Hoi, 18–19
- Buddhist crisis, 333, 348, 349
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 333–334, 348–349
-
Hilsman, meeting with, 332–334
-
Madame Nhu’s U.S. visit,
335–336
-
Rusk, meeting with, 347–349
- Cambodia, 91, 210
- Communist sanctuaries, U.S.-RVN
actions against. See
Cambodian sanctuaries
under
Counterinsurgency operations.
- Neutrality issue, 641n
- Lodge’s position, 654–655, 661–663
- U.S. position, 641, 669, 695–696, 706–707n
, 731
- Vietnamese concerns re, 697–698, 713, 718
- Thailand, relations with, 539
- Truce proposal for Vietnam and, 692
- U.S. policy toward, 639, 669
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 538–539, 588, 630,
641, 646, 674
- Cameron, Ronald Brooks, 378n
- Can. See
Ngo Dinh
Can
.
- Can Lao party, 223, 253, 264, 482–484
- Cao. See
Huynh Van Cao,
Brig. Gen.
- Cao Dai sect, 597, 612, 680, 717, 733, 736–737
- Cao Van Vien, Col., 45, 506
- Cao Xuan Vy, 545
- Carlson, Frank, 391
- Carroll, Lt. Gen. Joseph E, 707
- Carter, Lt. Gen. Marshall S.,
1, 12, 26, 55, 70, 84n
, 95, 100, 449n
,
450n
, 453n
, 456n
, 457n
, 477n
, 484n
, 488n
, 500n
, 503n
, 507n
- Central Intelligence Agency, U.S. (CIA),
239
- Buddhist crisis, 400
- Assessment of, 147
- Involvement in, alleged, 416
- Communist insurgency:
- Countercoup operations, arrests of Generals, possible, 36–37, 39
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Assessment of, 682–683
- Border security and surveillance, 607–608
- Cambodian sanctuaries, actions against, 701
- Laos, operations in, 667–668, 724
- Mekong Delta situation, 401
- Coup against Diem:
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for:
- Inertia of Generals, 400–401
- Interim planning, 291–292
- Loyalties of units and commanders, 468
- Postponement of (Aug. 31), 64, 86–88, 92–93,
147–148
- Strategy meetings of Generals, 40–41 Success, chances
of, 475–476
- U.S. updated on planning progress, 39, 42, 354–355, 365–367
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Assurances of support for Generals, 42
- Deniability concerns, 393
- “Not thwart Generals plan” policy, 393
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 206–207
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
-
Harkins, replacement of,
602–603
-
Lodge assassination
threats, 399
- Media coverage of Vietnam, assessment of, 278
-
Nhu interview, report on,
124–127
-
Nhu’s attempts to deal with
DRV, 89–90
-
Nhu’s meetings with
Generals, 90–92
- Provisional government of Vietnam, assessment of, 648–649, 680–681, 711–713
-
Richardson’s transfer from
Vietnam, 205, 364–365, 384
- Station Chief in Vietnam, selection of, 651n
- U.S. policy in Vietnam and, 390–391
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, U.S. covert operations against,
699
- Chase, Gordon, 555
- Chiang Kai-shek, 186
- Chieu. See
Pham Xuan Chieu.
- Chieu Hoi. See
Amnesty (Chieu Hoi) programs.
- China, People’s Republic of, 85, 186
- Media reports on Vietnam, 210
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 184,
326
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, relations with, 388–390
- Chuong. See
Tran Van
Chuong
.
- Church, Frank, 129, 141n
, 166–169, 258, 391
-
CINCPAC (see
also
Felt, Adm. Harry
D
.), candidates for, 633
- Civil Guard, Vietnamese, 138–139, 621
- Civilian Irregular Defense Group (CIDG) program, 683
-
Cleveland, Harlan, 333, 335–336
-
Clifton, Maj. Gen. Chester V.,
1, 9n
, 26, 35n
, 81n
, 95n
, 100, 161, 356, 387
- Cline, Ray S., 295n
-
Colby, William, 70, 100, 117, 169, 188, 189, 199, 217, 516n
[Page 763]
- Cambodian sanctuaries, actions against, 701
- Countercoup operations, 55
- Coup against Diem, 1, 6–7, 431n
, 433n
, 468,
519
- Honolulu meeting, 624
-
Madame Nhu, U.S. campaign
against, 591
-
McNamara-Taylor mission, 284, 285,
286, 339n
-
McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 703
-
Nhu and, 517
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 54
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, 684
- Commodity Import Program:
- Reserve funds, 307
- Political abuses, elimination of, 482–484
- Resumption of, 477–479, 540–541
- Suspension of, 271, 340–341, 360–361, 368–369, 373, 414,
614–615
- U.S. management of, 308
- Communist insurgency:
- Anti-aircraft capability, 648, 686, 709
- Buddhist crisis and, 320
- Cambodian sanctuaries, 439–440
- Casualties, 708
-
CIA assessment of, 647–648, 681–682, 683–684
- Combat hamlets, 644–645
- Coup against Diem and,
523, 530, 544, 554
- Defections from, 100–101, 316
- Defections of South Vietnamese to, 245, 247, 248
- Demoralization within, 85
- Felt’s assessment of, 664
- Food supplies, 709
- Improved combat-effectiveness, 707–710
- Increased activity, 99, 419, 635–636, 648,
653, 659, 681–682, 683–684, 712
- Infiltration into Vietnam, 246, 324
- Evidence of, 639–640, 669, 725, 741–743
- Materiel, 653, 659–660, 664
- U.S. exposure of, 743
- Waterways used for, 725, 730, 751–752
- Intelligence system, 709
- Larger units, use of, 314–315
- Manpower, sources of, 708, 741–742
- Popular attitude toward, 271, 322–323
- Quasi-governmental activities, 642–645, 749–752
- Successes of, 291, 647–648, 722, 733
- Troop strength, 682, 741
- Weaponry, 682, 737, 742
- Communist surrender program. See
Amnesty (Chieu Hoi) Program.
- Conein, Col. Lucien, 42, 79, 87, 240, 560
- Countercoup operations, 507n
- Coup against Diem, 506, 509,
511–512
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 423n
, 427
- Provisional government of Vietnam, U.S. “braintrust” for, 758
- Congress, U.S.:
- Congressional visit to Vietnam, 378n
, 446–447
- Coup against Diem, 520–521, 573
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, demands for. See
Congressional demands for
under
Governmental reform in Vietnam.
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, hearings on, 113, 390–392
- U.S. sanctions against Diem regime, hearings on, 378, 430, 446
-
Conlon, Thomas F, 588n
, 710n
, 719n
-
Cooper, Chester L., 217, 555, 680–684
- Cottrell, Sterling J., 704
- Countercoup operations:
- Arrests of Generals, possible, 36–37, 39
- Fake Communist uprising, Nhu’s plan for, 507n
- Generals concerns re, 552
-
Nhu’s capabilities, 139
- North Vietnamese assistance for Diem, 34, 50, 55, 68
- U.S. responses to various scenarios, 5,
49–52,
56–57
- Counterinsurgency operations (see also
Strategic hamlet program; U.S. military assistance to Vietnam; U.S.
military involvement in Vietnam):
- Border security and surveillance, 606–607, 653, 661,
664–665,
702, 729–730
- Buddhist crisis, impact of, 247–248
- Cambodian sanctuaries, actions against, 439–440, 674–675, 701
-
Chuong’s assessment of,
268–269
-
CIA assessment of, 682–683
- “Clear and hold” operations, 677
- Command systems, 535, 549
- Coup against Diem and,
544, 554, 566–567, 575, 684
- Covert operations against DRV,
699, 702, 724–725, 729, 734
- Crop destruction and defoliation, 314,
448–449
- Deterioration of military effort, 422,
737
- Financial concerns, 621–622
-
500
-pound bombs
for, 316–317
- Government instability, impact of, 117–118
- Government of Diem and
Nhu and, 145
- Governmental reform in Vietnam and, 179
-
Harkins’ assessment of,
266–268,
612–613
- Helicopter attacks, 156
- Improvements demanded by U.S., 369–370, 375–376, 438
- Improvements in military posture, U.S. plan for, 677–678
- Intelligence operations, 676
- Intensification in critical provinces, 702, 703
- Kill ratios, 720
-
Krulak’s assessment of,
154, 156, 158
- Laos, operations in, 639, 667–668, 699–700, 702, 724–725, 729,
734
- “Leadership by military leaders” issue, 722–723
-
Lodge’s assessment of,
421–423
- Long An Province situation, 687–689, 714–715, 723
- “Losing military war” issue, 162–163, 164–166, 248–249, 260–261
- Martial law and, 9
-
McCone’s assessment of,
738
-
McNamara-Taylor mission recommendations,
337–339
- Media coverage of, 216–217
- Mekong Delta situation, 138–139, 165,
245–246,
422, 431, 667, 683, 722
-
Minh’s assessment of, 272–273
- “Oil spot” type operations, 646
- Operational intensity level, 653, 660
- Sects, recruitment of, 597, 606, 646,
680, 717, 733, 736–737
- Summary reports, 98–99, 629–630
-
Taylor’s assessment of,
328–330
- Training for Vietnamese, 338
- Waterways control, 725, 730, 734
- Coup against Diem
(see also Countercoup
operations; Coup against Diem, Generals plan for; Coup against Diem
, U.S. policy toward):
- Assassination of Diem and
Nhu, 556
- Clarification of events, U.S. demand for, 537, 550–551
- Conflicting reports on, 531–533, 559
- Dan’s version, 569
- Generals position, 546, 560, 574
-
Kennedy’s reaction,
533
- Photographs of bodies, 545,
652
- Suicide story, 527
- Communist insurgency and, 523, 530, 544,
554
- Comparative forces lineup, 475–476, 508–510, 522
- Congress informed of, 520–521, 573
- Counterinsurgency operations and, 544,
554, 566–567, 575, 684
-
Diem-Lodge conversation, 513–514
-
Diem’s surrender, 525n
- Discussions in Washington re, 518,
519n
- Initiation of, 505
-
Johnson’s assessment of,
636
-
Lodge’s assessment of,
561–562
-
McNamara-Taylor mission assessment of coup
possibility, 343–344
- Media speculation about, 25–26
- Middle-grade officers’ plan, 282, 367
- Military commanders support of coup, 529–530
-
Minh’s assessment of, 564
- Negotiations between Diem
and Generals, 506, 507, 511, 512–513
- Oct. 26 attempt, cancellation of, 423–424n
, 427
- Palace, attacks on, 511, 514, 522,
523, 534
- Performance of military personnel, 534–535
- Popular response, 526, 528–529, 543, 552–553, 556
- Prisoners taken, 506, 507
- Proclamation by Generals, 512
- Prof. “Smith’s” predictions,
293–295
- Propaganda efforts by Generals, 521
- Spontaneous coup, possible, 343–344
- Telegram for Lodge from
unknown person, 1, 7
- Thai’s endorsement of, 114–115
- Thao’s attempt, possible, 428–429, 451,
453
-
Times of Vietnam reports on, 123, 124
- U.S. foreign policy, implication for, 577–578
- U.S. guidance for Generals, 524
- U.S. nationals, threat to, 530, 544, 553–554
- U.S. role:
-
Lodge’s assessment
of, 577
- Rumors about, 588
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 219
- Civilian involvement, 453, 457, 458–459, 462–463, 488–489, 492
-
Dinh’s participation, 451, 453
- Dissident elements’ support for, 477,
503–504
- Government, plans for, 250–251, 489–490, 493
-
Harkins’ assessment of,
23, 481–482
- Implementation of. See
Coup against Diem
.
- Inertia of Generals, 38, 400–401
- Interim planning, 273, 291–292
- Leadership group, 240, 420, 460–461, 492
-
Lodge-Don meeting, 449
- Loyalties of units and commanders, 43-48
-
McNamara-Taylor mission assessment of, 343
- Oct. 26 attempt, cancellation of, 423–424n
, 427
- Positioning of military units, 461–462
- Postponement of coup (Aug. 31), 64–67, 86–88
- Security concerns, 456
- Stalemate, possible, 488
- Strategy meetings of Generals, 40–41
- Success, chances of:
-
Thuan and, 138
- Troops’ support for, 273
- Units participating in coup, 2, 451–452
- U.S. involvement, avoidance of, 449,
450
- U.S. knowledge of various aspects, 491–493
- U.S. military, Generals contacts with, 419–420, 427, 431–432, 433
- U.S. policy toward. See
Coup against Diem
, U.S. policy
toward.
- U.S. to be provided with final plans before commencement of coup,
28, 29,
424n
, 434, 435,
450–451,
455
- U.S. updated on planning progress, 39,
42, 291–292, 354–355, 365–367, 420, 450–452, 456–459
- Coup against Diem,
U.S. policy toward:
- Active encouragement of coup, 56, 261
- Assistance for Generals, 4–5, 8, 16, 22, 487
- Assurances of support for Generals, 21–22, 24, 26, 28, 29, 32, 42, 56, 65–66, 70–71, 79–80
- Contacts with alternative leaders, 379
- Contacts with Generals, 102–103, 106,
429, 430–431, 437
- Contingency planning, 49–52, 55–56
- Coordination between Saigon and Washington, 12–14, 17
- Covert operations, 30, 150–153
- Deniability concerns, 379, 393, 429,
435
- “Diem as best leader”
issue, 6, 8–9
- Evacuation planning, 1–2, 7–8, 29, 32, 464
-
Harkins’ meetings with
Generals, 64–67
-
Harkins’ position, 3, 11–15, 17, 22, 23–25
- Inertia of Generals, concerns re, 38,
53, 55–56, 63
- Instructions to Lodge
(Oct. 29), 473–476
- Lansdale’s involvement, 205–206, 240–241
-
Lodge’s authority over
U.S. operations, 30, 460
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 468–473
- Military movements, 460, 464, 475
- “Not thwart Generals plan” policy, 393, 427, 464
- Propertied class, common cause with, 357–358
- Pros and cons of supporting coup, meetings on, 1–9, 468–473
- Public posture once coup is in progress, 465, 475, 502
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 21, 28–30, 32–33, 176, 282–283, 556
- Suspension of coup, option for, 15–16, 22, 35–36, 437
- U.S. forces, possible use of, 29, 62, 165–166, 249–251
- U.S. military, Generals contacts with, 433n
- White House control of all communications, 467
-
Couve de Murville, Maurice, 388–390 Cronkite,
Walter, 82, 93–95
- Crop destruction program:
- Authority over, 448–449
-
Diem’s assessment of, 314
- Cuu, 258, 263
- Dam Sy Hien, 399
- Dang Due Khoi, Lt. Col., 44
- Dang Van Sung, 453, 462–463, 488–490, 503
- Dao, Maj., 606
-
Davis, Richard H., 59
- De Buzon, Gen., 601n
-
De Gaulle, Charles:
- De la Boissiere, 409
- Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), 582
- Defoliant operations:
- Authority over, 448–449
-
Diem’s assessment of, 314
-
Diem. See
Ngo Dinh
Diem
.
-
Dillon, C. Douglas, 4, 13, 26, 53, 100, 191, 217, 358n
-
Dingeman, Maj. James W., 705
-
Dinh. See
Ton That Dinh,
Maj. Gen.
- Dinh Thanh Bieh, Capt., 399
- Dinh Van Phat, Lt. Col., 315, 544
- Dirksen, Everett M., 167
- Do Cao Tri, Maj. Gen., 126, 147, 158, 247, 451, 461, 512, 562, 712
- Do Hai, Capt., 533
- Do Khac Mai, Lt. Col., 509–510, 543
-
Do Mau, Col., 558
- Do Vang Ly, 18, 55n
, 731
- Don. See
Tran Van Don,
Maj. Gen.
-
D’Orlandi, Giovanni, 125, 140, 261n
, 590, 656
- Du Phuoc Long, 503–504
-
Dungan, Ralph, 175, 518, 593
-
Duong Ngoc Lam, Col., 512, 529
-
Duong Van Hieu, 399
- Duong Van Minh, Maj. Gen., 11,
91, 532
- Army of the Republic of Vietnam, reorganization of, 604–605
- Arrest of, possible, 36, 37
- Buddhist crisis, 327
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 697, 718
- Chief of State position, attitude toward, 717
- Counterinsurgency operations, 272–273
- Border security and surveillance, 607
- “Losing military war” issue, 260–261
- “Oil spot” type operations, 646
- Sects, recruitment of, 597,
606, 717
- Coup against Diem, 420, 451,
460, 492
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 560
- Assessment of, 564
-
Diem’s surrender,
525n
- Interim planning, 273, 290
- Leadership group, 240
- Negotiations with Diem, 512–513
- Palace, attacks on, 514
- Postponement of (Aug. 31), 65,
86–88
- Strategy meetings of Generals, 40
- U.S. updated on planning progress, 365–367
-
Don and, 65
- Government post under Diem, U.S. proposal for, 309
-
Harkins’ assessment of,
274–275
- Inaugural address, 748
-
Johnson’s letter to, 745–747
- Leadership qualities, 606–607
-
Lodge, meeting with, 645–647
- Martial law, 273
-
McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 716–719
-
Ngo Dinh family,
disposition following coup, 560
-
Nhu’s attempts to deal with
DRV, 239
- Popularity of, 545
- Province chiefs, reorientation of, 605–606
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 543
- Arrests, 558, 651
- Cabinet position, 567
- Discord among the Generals, 557–558
- Press relations, 712
- Public relations efforts, 590,
718
- U.S. “braintrust” for, 646
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Command organization, 612,
716–717
- Communist infiltration, 645
- Security for, 23
- Self Defense Corps, 718–719
- Strategic hamlet program, overhaul of, 597, 598, 604, 645–646
- Student protest movement, 273, 327
-
Taylor, meeting with, 326–327
-
Dutton, Frederick G., 167, 390–392
- Economic situation in Vietnam (see
also Commodity Import Program):
- Budget deficit, 541, 618–619, 620, 630
- Foreign exchange earnings, 619
- Tax collections, 616
- U.S. assessment of, 613–616
- U.S. program for economic improvement, 618–622, 628, 630,
667, 678–679
- Eisenhower, Dwight D., 692–693
- Elections in Vietnam, 253, 263, 303–305
-
Diem’s assessment of, 314
- Evacuation of u.s. dependents. See under
Coup against Diem
, U.S. policy toward;
Governmental reform in Vietnam.
- Felt, Adm. Harry D.,
63n
, 64n
, 66, 76n
, 78n
, 80, 84, 104n
, 107, 108n
, 109, 128n
, 131, 137, 140, 194n
, 195n
, 203, 208, 222n
, 225, 258, 274, 379n
, 403, 409, 414, 424, 431n
, 437n
, 442, 449n
, 450n
, 453n
, 456n
, 457n
, 473n
, 475n
, 477n
, 479n
, 481, 484n
, 488n
, 496, 500n
, 503n
, 507n
,
514–515, 535n
, 549n
, 564, 689n
- Communist insurgency, 664
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Border security and surveillance, 653, 664–665
-
Harkins’
assessment of, 266
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 2, 14n
, 20, 23n
- Honolulu meeting, 608n
, 616, 624
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 10, 11n
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, revamping of, 571–572
- Ferguson, John, 693
- Flott, Frederick W., 311
-
Forrestal, Michael V., 1, 12, 26, 53, 63n
, 70, 76n
, 161, 171, 185, 190, 199, 217, 269n
, 356, 358n
, 370, 398n
- Buddhist crisis, U.N. investigation of, 415
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Cambodian sanctuaries, actions against, 701
- Laos, operations in, 699–700
- Coup against Diem, 518, 519n
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 527n
, 533
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Contacts with Generals, 106n
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29),
468, 472
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 282, 556
- U.S. forces, possible use of, 249n
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 235–236, 251
- Reconciliation policy of U.S., 181–183
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 174, 275n
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 95, 104n
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 430
-
Harkins, media attacks on,
593, 594, 600n
- Honolulu meeting, 593–594, 608n
- International conference issue, 595
-
Johnson’s letter to
Minh, 745n
-
Kennedy’s television
interview, 81
-
Lodge’s resignation, 693
-
Madame Nhu:
- U.S. campaign against, 591
- U.S. visit by, 283, 387
-
McNamara-Taylor mission, 284, 285,
286
-
Diem’s perception
of as sign of U.S. support, 256
-
McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 700
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 216–217, 593,
594, 600n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 100,
601, 695n
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704, 705
- Strategic hamlet program, 698–699
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam:
- Joint U.S.-Vietnamese policies, management of, 541n
- Resumption of aid following coup, 540n
- U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 175
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
- Conflicting viewpoints within administration, 235
- Reiteration of 581–582, 592n
, 599n
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, U.S. covert operations against,
699
- Vietnam visit, 698n
-
Fraleigh, Albert S., 617, 622
- France (See also
Neutral solution for Vietnam):
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 662, 696
- Economic assistance to Vietnam, 615–616
- Laos and, 81, 83
- Provisional government of Vietnam:
- Truce proposal for Vietnam, 692
- Frelinghuysen, Peter H. B., 379n
- Friendly, Al, 283
-
Fulbright, J. William, 351, 391, 520–521
- Galbraith, John Kenneth, 176
- Giang, 578–579
-
Gilpatric, Roswell L., 1, 12, 69, 86n
, 89n
, 90n
, 92n
, 100, 117, 12n
, 161, 169, 199, 217, 220n
, 354n
, 356, 358n
, 456n
, 457n
, 557n
- Countercoup operations, 36n
, 39n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n
- Coup against Diem, 507n
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 40n
, 449n
, 450n
, 453n
, 456n
, 457n
, 477n
, 488, 503
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 14
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473, 475, 484, 500
- Contingency planning, 56
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 187
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 188, 191
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 186
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 27
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704
- Goburdhun, 125, 258
- Gore, Albert, 391
- Government of Diem
and Nhu:
- Bureaucracy’s attitude toward, 144–145
- Counterinsurgency operations and, 145
- Military’s attitude toward, 117, 118, 119,
130
- Popular attitude toward, 71–72, 73–74, 130
- Prof. “Smith,s” comments on,
293–295
-
Thuan’s assessment of,
137–140
- Totalitarian measures, 294, 301, 302,
357–358,
392, 399–400, 402, 412,
494
- U.S. fact-finding mission re See
Krulak-Mendenhall mission.
- World opinion on, 210–211
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Bureaucrats support for, 301–303
-
Buu Hoi’s recommendations,
333–334,
348–349
-
Chuong’s position, 268–269
-
CIA proposal for, 201–202
- Congressional demands for, 113, 129n
, 141n
, 258
- Administration concerns, 188
- Hearings on, 192
- Senate resolution, development of, 166–169
- Counterinsurgency operations and, 179
-
Diem’s acquiescence to,
517
-
Diem’s resistance to, 317–321, 398–399, 559–560
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 173, 187, 192–193, 194, 200,
227
- Failure, consequences of, 117
- Generals in cabinet positions, 64, 66, 127, 239, 291–292, 355,
400
- Generals support for, 92
-
Kennedy’s endorsement of,
93–94
-
Kennedy’s letter to
Diem, 192, 200,
231–234,
287–290
-
Lodge-Diem meetings re, 140–143, 437–439, 441–446
-
Lodge-Nhu meeting re, 84–85
-
McNamara-Taylor mission meeting with
Diem re, 317–321
-
McNamara-Taylor mission recommendation,
338–339,
340–343
-
Mecklin’s position, 149–150
- Political Consultative Council, proposed, 309, 310
- Political pressure weapons of U.S., 180–181
- Pressure on Diem, U.S.
policy for (see also U.S.
package of sanctions and demands
below):
- Discussions in Washington re, 185–193, 199–201
-
Hilsman’s proposal
for, 221–222, 225–230
- Instructions for Lodge, 195–198, 202, 251, 252–254
-
Krulak’s
assessment of, 242–243
-
Lodge’s assessment
of, 203, 260–264, 265
-
McNamara-Taylor mission assessment
of, 345–346
- Presidential decision on, 235–236, 252–254
- Publicity re, 254
- Prime Ministership, creation of, 84
- Propaganda efforts by U.S., 300–301, 342,
359
- Psychological efforts by U.S., 340
- Reconciliation policy of U.S., 181–183, 219–220, 235–236
-
Hilsman’s proposal
for, 221–225
-
Krulak’s
assessment of, 242–243
-
McNamara-Taylor mission assessment
of, 345
- Structure and composition of government, U.S. proposals for, 308–310
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime (see also
Congressional demands for
above), 104, 116, 118,
141, 152, 163, 164, 196, 357
- Backup distribution system, 189
- Cash resources for direct aid to provinces, 276, 307
- Control of suspensions given to Lodge, 215–216, 252–253
-
Diem’s concerns
re, 414, 515
-
Diem’s response,
U.S. speculation re, 356–357
-
Hilsman’s proposal,
228, 229–230
- Impacts of suspensions, 306,
307, 368–369, 400, 403
-
Lodge’s proposal,
108, 171–174, 176
-
McNamara-Taylor mission
recommendations, 338, 340–341
- Negative consequences, possible, 186, 363–364
- Programs to be affected, 261–262, 271–272, 275–277, 290–291, 299, 306–308, 340–341, 360–363, 373
- Resumption of aid, conditions for, 477–479, 482–484
- Supporting analysis re, 360–364
- Time needed for effectiveness, 305–306
- U.S. public statements on, 306, 351
- Suspension of paramilitary assistance, 341–342
-
Tho’s position, 321–322
-
Thuan’s position, 301–303
- U.S. disassociation from Nhu, 189
- U.S. negotiations with Diem:
- Discussions in Washington re, 70, 71–74
- Instructions for Lodge, 75–79, 95–98, 104–106, 108–109, 117, 119–120, 121, 128–129
-
Lodge-Diem meeting, 140–143
-
Lodge’s position,
67, 80–81, 107–108, 109–110
- U.S. objectives, 177–180
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands (see also
Suspension of aid to Diem regime
above):
- Congressional inquiries re, 378, 430, 446
- Development of, 345–346, 350–354, 356–357, 358–359
- Effects of, 576–578
- “Explosion” resulting from, McCone’s warning, 406–407
-
Harkins’s
assessment of, 481
- Instructions for Lodge, 371–379
-
Lodge’s assessment
of, 383, 385–386
-
Lodge’s progress
reports, 396–397, 401–403, 409–413, 423–424, 493–495, 575–578
-
Lodge’s reports,
Harkins’
contributions to, 496–498
- Military actions. See
Improvements demanded by U.S.
under
Counterinsurgency
operations.
- Political actions, 376–377, 385–386
- Presentation to Diem, 369–370, 374–375, 437–439, 441–446
- Public statements on, 370,
371, 378, 384
- Supporting analysis re, 360–364
- U.S. Vietnamese relations, 377
- Green, Marshall, 266
- Greene, Graham, 402
- Gregory, Ann, 123n
,
124, 548
- Ha Van Vuong, 557
-
Halberstam, David, 102, 112, 216, 218, 237, 277–278, 364, 444n
, 593, 600n
- Hannah, Norman B., 538n
, 704–705
- Harbin, William A., 749n
- Harkins, Betty, 523
-
Harkins, Gen. Paul
D.:
- Buddhist crisis, 194–195
- Communist insurgency:
- Increased activity, 659
- Infiltration of materiel, 659–660
- Congressional attitude toward, 447
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Assessment of, 266–268, 612–613
- Border security and surveillance, 661
- Cambodian sanctuaries, actions against, 439–440
- Command systems, 535, 549
- Coup against Diem
and, 566–567, 575
-
500-pound bombs for, 317
- Government instability, impact of, 117–118
- Improvements demanded by U.S., 496–498, 500
- Mekong Delta situation, 431
- Operational intensity level, 660
- Summary reports, 99
- Country Team role, 381–382
- Coup against Diem, 505
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 24
- Assessment of, 23, 481–482
- Oct. 26 attempt, cancellation of,
424n
,
427
- Postponement of coup (Aug. 31), 64–66
- U.S. military, Generals contacts with, 427, 431–432, 433
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Assurances of support for Generals, 28, 29, 32, 42
- Deniability concerns, 429
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 499
- “Not thwart Generals plan” policy, 427
- Position on, 3, 11, 12,
17, 22, 23–25
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 32–33
- Suspension of coup, option for, 437n
-
Diem-Harkins contact on military
matters, 86
- Generals attitude toward, 593, 594, 600,
602
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 194
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 379, 481
- Honolulu meeting, 612–613, 616–617, 618,
624
-
Krulak-Mendenhall mission:
- Interview with Krulak, 160
-
Krulak’s meetings
with military, 146
-
Lodge, communication with,
455–456,
479–481,
732–733
-
McNamara-Taylor mission, Diem’s meeting with, 311, 315,
317
- Media attacks on, 593, 594, 600
-
Minh, assessment of, 274–275
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 10–11, 23–24, 25, 214
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 531
- Public works program, Vietnamese, 315
- Replacement, CIA assessment of,
602–603
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Command organization, 612
- Paramilitary forces, training for, 660
- Revamping of, 570–571
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Identification of Communists in hamlets, 617
- Medical services, 623
- Overhaul of, 618
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 652–653
-
Harriman, W. Averell, 26, 64n
, 69, 89n
, 90n
, 92n
, 124n
, 161, 190, 194n
,
209, 266n
, 269n
, 335n
, 356, 358n
, 368, 456n
, 457n
, 549n
,
564n
, 663n
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 661
- Communist insurgency, 741
- Countercoup operations, 36n
, 39n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n
- Cambodian sanctuaries, actions against, 701
- Improvements demanded by U.S., 500
- Mekong Delta situation, 749
- Coup against Diem, 507n
, 519n
, 522n
, 523n
, 552n
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 527n
- Thai’s endorsement of, 114–115
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 40n
, 431n
, 433n
, 449n
, 450n
, 453n
, 456n
, 457n
, 477n
, 488n
, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 14n
, 212n
- Coordination between Saigon and Washington, 13–14
- “Diem as best
leader” issue, 6, 9
-
Harkins’ position,
13
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473n
, 475n
, 484n
, 500n
-
Lansdale’s
involvement, 241
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 459n
, 463n
, 471, 472
- Pros and cons of supporting coup, 4, 5, 6
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
-
Kennedy’s letter to
Diem re, 287n
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 200, 251, 252n
- Structure and composition of government, 308n
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 97–98, 108n
, 128n
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 371n
, 430
- International conference on Vietnam, proposed, 706n
-
Krulak-Mendenhall mission, 146
-
Lodge, meetings with, 633, 634,
665n
-
Lodge assassination
threats, 394, 395n
-
Madame Nhu’s U.S. visit,
283
-
McNamara-Taylor mission, 251, 256
-
Minh, Harkins’ assessment of, 274n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam:
- Provisional government of Vietnam:
- U.S. recognition of, 565n
- Yearend assessment of, 753
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, 571n
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704
- United Nations, political proposals re Vietnam, 331, 332n
- U.S. Deputy Chief of Mission, selection of, 665–666
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
- Conflicting viewpoints within administration, 235
-
NSC-endorsed policy, 350
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, Lodge’s plan for neutralization of, 634, 656
-
Helble, John J., 130, 562–563
-
Helms, Richard, 1, 7, 12,
64n
, 70, 117, 266n
, 449n
, 450n
, 453n
, 456n
, 457n
, 477n
, 484n
, 488n
, 500n
, 503n
, 507n
, 549n
, 564n
, 663n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 14n
, 30, 468
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 54
- Henderson, Greg, 236
- Hickenlooper, Bourke B., 390–391, 586
- Hien. See
Nguyen Huu Hien, Col.
-
Higgins, Marguerite, 119, 168, 551, 560n
- Hightower, 103–104
-
Hilsman, Roger, Jr., 2, 6–7, 12, 15n
, 18, 26n
, 32n
, 33n
, 63n
, 64n
, 78n
, 85n
, 86n
, 89n
, 90n
, 92n
, 117, 124n
, 144, 194n
, 266n
, 335, 356, 358n
, 406, 456n
, 549n
, 550n
,
564n
, 663n
, 666
-
Buu Hoi, meeting with, 332–334
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 641
- Congressional hearings on Vietnam, 113
- Countercoup operations, 36n
, 39n
, 49–52
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n
- Crop destruction and defoliation, 448
- Kill ratios, 720
- Coup against Diem, 507n
, 519n
, 522n
, 523n
, 552n
- Congressional testimony re, 573
- Media speculation about, 25–26
- Propaganda efforts by Generals, 521n
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 40n
, 419n
, 431n
, 433n
, 449n
, 450n
, 453n
, 456n
, 457n
, 477n
, 488n
, 503n
- U.S. knowledge of various aspects, 491
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 14n
, 212n
- Active encouragement of coup, 56
- Assistance for Generals, 4, 8
- Assurances of support for Generals,
- 28, 56, 71, 79
- Contacts with Generals, 103,
106n
- Coordination between Saigon and Washington, 17n
- Covert operations, 30
- “Diem as best
leader” issue, 9
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473n
, 475n
, 484n
, 500n
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 459, 472
- “Not thwart Generals plan” policy, 367n
- Propertied class, common cause with, 357
- Pros and cons of supporting coup, 4, 5, 6
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 282–283
- U.S. forces, possible use of, 29
- Economic situation in Vietnam, 720
- Government of Diem and
Nhu, popular attitude
toward, 71–72,
269–271
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Congressional demands for, 166–169
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 200
-
Kennedy’s letter to
Diem, 231n
, 287n
- Political pressure weapons of U.S., 180–181
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 188–189, 190, 195n
, 196n
, 221–222, 225–230, 236, 251, 265
- Reconciliation policy of U.S., 219–220, 221–225
- Structure and composition of government , 308n
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 116, 118, 275n
, 290n
- U.S. disassociation from Nhu, 189
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 71–72, 75–76, 95, 97–98, 104n
, 108n
, 110n
, 128n
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 371n
- International conference on Vietnam, proposed, 706n
-
Johnson’s letter to
Minh, 745n
-
Kennedy’s television
interview, 81
-
Krulak-Mendenhall mission:
-
Krulak’s meetings
with military, 146
-
Mendenhall’s
report, 243
- Plan and objectives, 130n
-
Lodge, meeting with, 632–634
-
Madame Nhu’s U.S. visit,
387
-
McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 702n
- Minh, Harkins’ assessment of, 274n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam:
- French position, 100
-
Nhu’s attempts to
deal with DRV, 111
- Partition issue, 264
- U.S. position, 695n
, 710n
-
Ngo Dinh family,
disposition following coup, 560n
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 31, 54, 135, 334
- Provisional government of Vietnam:
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, 571n
-
Richardson’s transfer from
Vietnam, 364n
- Strategic hamlet program, 642
-
Tri Quang, exile for, 218
- United Nations, political proposals re Vietnam, 331–332
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam:
- Joint U.S. Vietnamese policies, management of, 541n
- Resumption of aid following coup, 540n
- U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 193
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 407, 640–641
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
-
Ho Chi Minh, 60, 85, 296, 388, 642
- Ho Tan Quyen, Capt., 46, 506, 522
- Ho Tieu, Maj., 507
- Hoa Hao sect, 597, 606, 612, 646, 680, 717, 733, 736–737
-
Hoang Van Lac, Col.,
138, 163, 214, 246
- Hodges, 515
- Honolulu meeting:
-
Hughes, Thomas L., 456n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n
- Coup against Diem, 507n
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 449n
, 450n
, 453n
, 456n
, 457n
, 477n
, 488n
, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Assurances of support for Generals, 79–80
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473n
, 475n
, 484n
, 500n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 184
-
Nhu, problems caused by,
212–215
-
Nhu’s anti-American
campaign, 122–123
-
Huynh Van Cao, Brig.
Gen., 48, 91, 138–139, 155, 550
- Huynh Van Lang, 40, 428, 558, 713
-
Imhof, Johannes V., 59, 388, 565n
- India, 211
- International conference on Cambodia. See
Neutrality issue
under
Cambodia.
- International conference on Vietnam.. proposed, 592–593, 595, 599–600, 706
- International Control Commission (ICC),
408–409, 655
-
Janow, Seymour J., 116, 169, 189, 190, 217, 275n
, 290n
, 356, 358n
, 540n
, 541n
, 620
- Japan, 622
- John XXIII, Pope, 348
-
Johnson, Lyndon B., 1, 13, 53, 68, 368, 698
-
CIA Station Chief, selection of,
651n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 419
- Coup against Diem,
assessment of, 636
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 74,
95
-
Lodge, letter of support
to, 744
-
Lodge, meeting with, 627–631, 635–637
-
Lodge’s resignation, 692
-
McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 690
-
McCone’s report,
735
-
McNamara’s report,
732
- Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, officers assigned to, 651, 679
-
Minh, letter to, 745–747
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 746
- Presidency, 627
- Provisional government of Vietnam, U.S. “braintrust” for, 650
- Social reforms in Vietnam, attitude toward, 636–637
- Truce in Vietnam, proposal for, 691
- U.S. Deputy Chief of Mission, selection of, 650, 693
- U.S. Mission in Vietnam, military man as Ambassador and military
commander, 739
-
Johnson, U. Alexis, 269n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 459n
, 463n
, 468, 472
-
McNamara-Taylor mission, 255n
, 256
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, 684
- Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) (see also
Taylor, Gen. Maxwell
D
.), 119, 379n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 566,
653, 663
- Deterioration of military effort, 582, 583, 585
- Coup against Diem, 14n
, 528, 542,
552
- Joint Committee on Economic Policy, 667
- Jones, Col. Raymond, 326, 327n
, 419–420
-
Jorden, William, 687, 741–743, 753–758
- Karydakis, Mabel, 116n
-
Kattenburg, Paul M., 18, 133n
, 269n
, 332n
,
437n
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 462–463
- Postponement of coup (Aug. 31), 70–71
- U.S. knowledge of various aspects, 491–493
- Crop destruction and defoliation, 448–449
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 71,
73–74
- Madame Chuang, meeting with, 237–238
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 407–409
- Vietnam visit, 698n
-
Kaysen, Carl, 175, 720
-
Kennedy, John F, 32n
, 33n
, 66n
, 398n
- Assassination, 627, 648
- Countercoup operations, 39n
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Improvements demanded by U.S., 369
-
Lodge’s assessment
of, 421
- “Losing military war” issue, 165
- Summary reports, 98
- Coup against Diem, 519n
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 533
- Media speculation about, 25–26
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 43
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Assistance for Generals, 4, 8
- Assurances of support for Generals, 28
- Contacts with alternative leaders, 379
- Contacts with Generals, 103
- Coordination between Saigon and Washington, 12–14,
17
- Covert operations, 30
- “Diem as best
leader” issue, 8
- Evacuation planning, 8, 29
-
Harkins’ position,
13, 17
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 468, 469, 470, 471, 472–473
- Pros and cons of supporting coup, 2, 3, 4, 5
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 28, 30
- Suspension of coup, option for, 35–36, 437
- U.S. forces, possible use of, 29, 62
- White House control of all communi-cations, 467
-
Diem, letter to, 192, 200,
231–234,
287–290
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Congressional demands re, 166,
167, 192
- Endorsement of, 93–94
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 191, 192, 193, 252, 254, 260, 262
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 104, 116, 271, 351, 368–369
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 78, 95, 97,
120, 121, 128n
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 369, 371, 396, 423, 493, 575
-
Krulak-Mendenhall mission:
- Briefing on, 162
-
Krulak’s meetings
with military, 146
-
Lodge, congratulations
for, 579–580
-
Lodge’s appointment as
Ambassador, 94–95
-
Lodge’s U.S. visit at end
of October, proposed, 397n
-
Madame Nhu:
- Silencing of, 191, 192
- U.S. campaign against, 591n
- U.S. visit by, 167
-
McNamara-Taylor mission, 254
- Meetings in Washington re, 280–282
-
Diem’s perception
of mission as sign of U.S. support, 255n
, 256–257
- Military appraisal as purpose of, 278–279
- Report of, 336
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
-
Minh, Harkins’ assessment of, 274n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 81, 83, 94, 100,
389
-
Nhu’s attempts to deal with
DRV, 111
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 38n
,
135
- Administration discussions re, 28, 30, 31
- Media reports on, 103–104
- U.S. campaign against Nhu, 163, 164
-
Richardson’s transfer from
Vietnam, 364n
- Strategic hamlet program, 237, 277
- Television interview, 78, 93–95
- Preparation for, 81–83
- Vietnamese response, 102
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 351
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
-
Kennedy, Robert E, 13, 100, 118, 119, 161, 190, 199
- Countercoup operations, 5
- Coup against Diem, 5, 470, 519
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 188, 252”
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 359
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704
-
Kent, Col. J.R., 758
- Khang. See
Le Nguyen Khang, Lt. Col.
-
Khanh. See
Nguyen Khanh,
Maj. Gen.
-
Khiem. See
Tran Thien
Khiem, Gen.
-
Khuong. See
Nguyen Khuong,
Col.
-
Kim. See
Le Van Kim, Brig.
Gen.
- Kleiman, Bob, 594–595
- Komer, Robert W., 146
- Korea, Republic of, 236
-
Koren, Henry L. 1:, 130n
, 358n
, 523n
, 527n
, 565n
, 593, 684, 695n
, 719n
-
Krulak, Maj. Gen. Victor H. (see also
Krulak-Mendenhall
mission), 1, 7–8, 14n
, 26n
, 53, 63n
, 64n
, 69, 89n
, 90n
, 92n
, 100, 124n
169, 185, 190, 201, 220, 269n
, 356, 456n
, 457n
, 583
- Buddhist crisis, 194
- Congressional visit to Vietnam, 446–447
- Countercoup operations, 36n
, 39n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n
, 653n
- Government instability, impact of, 117–118
-
Harkins’
assessment of, 266
- “Losing military war” issue, 164, 165
- Coup against Diem, 507n
, 519
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 40n, 449n
, 450n
, 453n
, 456n
, 457n
, 477n
, 488n
, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 235–236
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 242–243
- Reconciliation policy of U.S., 242–243
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 357–358, 496n
-
Lodge-Harkins relationship, 479n
-
McNamara-Taylor mission, 284, 285
-
McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 703, 721–727
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 216
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 214
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, 684, 685n
-
Krulak-Mendenhall mission:
- Briefing for administration officials, 161–167
- Groups to be interviewed, 133
-
Krulak’s meetings with
military, 146
-
Krulak’s report, 153–160
-
Mendenhall’s report, 144–145, 243–249
- Plan and objectives, 130, 134–135
- Proposal for, 119
-
Ky. See
Nguyen Cao Ky,
Lt. Col.
-
La. See
Nguyen Van La,
Gen.
-
Lac. See
Hoang Van Lac,
Col.
-
Lalouette, Roger, 58–59, 67, 89, 111n
, 240, 326
-
Lam. See
Pham Dang
Lam
.
-
Lansdale, Maj. Gen. Edward G.,
163, 205, 241, 757
- Laos, 60
- Borders, cooperation with Vietnam re, 606–607
- Counterinsurgency operations in, 639,
667–668,
699–700,
702, 724–725, 729, 734
- French presence in, 81, 83
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 539–540, 630, 675
-
Lausche, Frank, 111, 129, 141n
, 391
- Le Nguyen Khang, Lt. Col., 45,
159, 428, 506, 508, 512
-
Le Quang Trieu, Maj., 424–425
-
Le Quang Tung, Col.,
7, 19, 41, 45, 164, 188, 230, 292, 341, 570
- Capture of, 506, 507, 513
- Special Forces, subordination to Joint General Staff, 424–426
- Le Thanh Nhut, Maj., 315
- Le Van Dong, 557
-
Le Van Kim, Brig.
Gen., 42, 90, 355
- Arrest of, possible, 36–37
- Cambodia, 646
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607
- Coup against Diem, 420, 451,
461, 492, 512
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 546
- Postponement of (Aug. 31), 86–88
- U.S. assurances of support, 80
-
Diem-Nhu relationship, 213
- Government post under Diem, U.S. proposal for, 309
-
McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 716
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 553
- Arrests, 547
- Civilian administrators, 457,
546–547
- Press relations, 548
- Purges of Diem
personnel, 548
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, unity of commanders, 547
-
Tri Quang, release from U.S.
Embassy, 548
-
Le Van Nghiem, Brig.
Gen., 90, 144, 239, 247, 420, 544, 553, 570
- Leatherman, Mildred, 204n
, 251n
,
256n
, 430n
- LeMay, Gen. Curtis, 194n
, 535n
-
Lippmann, Walter, 100, 695, 731
- Lockhart, Frank P., 706n
-
Lodge, Henry Cabot, Jr., 206, 209
- Agricultural situation in Vietnam, 622
- Ambassadorship, desire for, 94–95
- Assassination threats against, 394–395, 399, 443,
517
- Buddhist crisis:
- Concessions by government, 412
- Sanctuary for bonzes at U.S. Embassy, 136–137, 548
- United Nations investigation of, 442–443, 495
- U.S. involvement, alleged, 516
-
Bundy’s assessment of, 625
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 654–655, 661–663, 697–698
- Commodity Import Program:
- Political abuses, elimination of, 482–484
- Resumption of U.S. payment, 477–479
- Communist insurgency, 323
- Congressional attitude toward, 447
- Congressional hearings on Vietnam, 113
- Countercoup operations, 68
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Cambodian sanctuaries, actions against, 439
- Improvements demanded by U.S., 438
- Intensification in critical provinces, 703
- Long An Province situation, 714n
- “Losing military war” issue, 260–261
-
Minh’s assessment
of, 272–273
- Progress report, 421–423
- Country Team role, 382
- Coup against Diem, 505
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 527, 531–533, 537, 546, 559, 560
- Assessment of, 561–562
-
Diem, conversation
with, 513–514
- Reports on, 506–507, 511, 513–514, 526
- Telegram from unknown person, 1,
7
- U.S. foreign policy, implication for, 577–578
- U.S. role, assessment of, 577
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 273
-
Bui Diem, meeting
with, 456–457
- Civilian involvement, 488–489
- Dissident elements support for, 477, 503–504
-
Don, meeting with,
449
- Dung, meeting with, 457–459
- Postponement of coup (Aug. 31), 66–67
- Stalemate, possible, 488
- Success, chances of, 453–455
- U.S. to be provided with final plans before commencement
of coup, 435
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 14n
, 212
- Active encouragement of coup, 261
- Assistance for Generals, 16,
22, 487
- Assurances of support for Generals, 32
- Authority over operations, 30,
460
- Contacts with alternative leaders, 379
- Contacts with Generals, 106,
429, 430–431, 437
- Coordination between Saigon and Washington, 17
- Deniability concerns, 379,
393, 429, 435
- Evacuation planning, 2
- Inertia of Generals, concerns re, 38, 63
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473, 484–488, 500, 502n
-
Lansdale’s
involvement, request for, 205–206
- “Not thwart Generals plan” policy, 367–368, 393, 427, 435–436
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 21, 32–33, 282–283
- Suspension of coup, option for, 15–16, 22, 35,
36n
,
437
-
Diem, assessment of, 442
-
Diem, meetings with, 18–20, 140–143, 515–517
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, discussion of, 437–439, 441–446
- Elections in Vietnam, 263
- Government of Diem and
Nhu:
- Bureaucracy’s attitude toward, 144
- Military’s attitude toward, 144, 171–172
- Popular attitude toward, 144,
145, 172
- Totalitarian measures, 392,
494
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
-
Diem, meetings
with, 140–143, 437–439, 441–446
-
Diem’s
acquiescence to, 517
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 173
-
Kennedy’s letter to
Diem re, 287n
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 195, 198, 202, 203, 225, 252, 260–264, 265
- Propaganda efforts by U.S., 300–301, 342
- Reconciliation policy of U.S., 222
- Structure and composition of government, 308
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 108, 141, 171–174, 176, 196, 215–216, 252, 261–262, 271–272, 275, 290, 299, 305–308, 414, 477–479, 482–484, 515
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 67, 76, 78,
80–81, 95, 104, 107–108, 109–110, 128
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 371, 383, 384, 385–386, 396–397, 401–403, 409–413, 423–424, 437, 441–446, 493–495, 575–578
-
Harkins, Gen. Paul D.:
-
Harriman, meetings with,
633, 634, 665n
-
Hilsman, meeting with, 632–634
- Honolulu meeting, 608–611, 617,
622
-
Johnson, meeting with, 635–637
-
Johnson’s letter of
support, 744
-
Johnson’s letter to
Minh, 745–747
-
Kennedy’s congratulations
for, 579–580
-
Krulak, interview with,
160
-
Lalouette, meeting with,
58–59
-
Lam, meeting with, 586–588
-
Madame Nhu:
- Silencing of, 208
- U.S. visit by, 414
-
McNamara-Taylor mission:
-
Diem’s meeting
with, 311, 319, 321
-
Diem’s perception
of mission as sign of U.S. support, 255, 256, 257n
-
McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 702, 703, 716
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
- Assaults on reporters, 444
- Country Team relations with press, 384–385
-
Minh, meeting with, 645–647
-
Minh’s inaugural address,
748
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 67, 111n
-
Ngo Dinh family,
disposition following coup, 547, 560
-
Nhu, assessment of, 259
-
Nhu’sresignation offer,
84, 131–132
-
Nhu’sremoval from power,
possible, 16, 28, 33, 38–39, 141, 258–259, 386
- Provisional govenment of Vietnam, 575–576, 588–591
- Arrests, 547
- Assessment of, 436, 609–610
- Civilian administrators, 547,
578–579
- Discord among Generals, 557–558, 611
- Generals plan for, 489–490
- Meetings with Generals re, 546–549, 560–561, 587
- Military personnel, positions for, 579
- Political reform, plans for, 609, 611
- Public relations efforts, 587,
590
- Purges of Diem
personnel, 548
- U.S. recognition of, 487–488, 519n
, 526, 573–574
- Resignation, 692–693
-
Richardson’s transfer from
Vietnam, 205, 364
- Special Forces, Vietnamese, subordination to Joint General Staff,
403–405,
411, 424–426
- Strategic hamlet program, deterioration of, 687–689
-
Tho’s meeting with
McNamara-Taylor mission, 321–323
-
Thuan’s meetings with
U.S. officials, 137–140
-
Tri Quang, release from U.S.
Embassy, 136–137, 548
- U.S. commitment to Vietnam, 91
- U.S. Deputy Chief of Mission, selection of, 633
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam:
- Joint U.S.-Vietnamese policies, management of, 541
- Resumption of aid following coup, 540, 546
- U.S. Embassy building in Saigon, 632–633
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
- All-agency review, 689–690
-
NSC-endorsed policy, 353n
- Phase-out of programs, dates for, 610
- U.S. visit at end of October, proposed, 397n
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, plan for neutralization of, 633–634, 656–659
- Long, Russell B., 391
-
Los Angeles Times, 117n
- Lucet, Charles, 388, 389
-
Luong. See
Bui Van
Luong
.
- Luu Van Tinh, 558, 567, 578
- Ma Viet Bang, Capt., 508
- MacDonald, Adm., 64n
,
194n
, 555n
- Maechling, Charles, Jr., 704
-
Mai Huu Xuan, Maj.
Gen., 46, 91, 532, 533, 543, 589, 649
- Malaysia, 574, 675
-
Maneli, Mieczyslaw, 89, 125, 126, 239–240, 264
- Manell, Abram E., 593
-
Manning, Robert J., 185, 190, 218, 269n
, 600n
- Coup against Diem, 519
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 104
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 103–104
-
Mansfield, Mike, 167, 192, 391
- Truce in Vietnam, proposal for, 691–692
- Mao Tsetung, 60, 642
- Marines, Vietnamese, 45, 159, 508
- Martial law, 273
- Counterinsurgency operations and, 9
-
Nhu’s assessment of, 126–127
- Martin, Edwin M., 514–515, 518
-
Mau. See
Vu Van
Mau
.
- McCloskey, Robert J., 430n
, 706n
-
McCone, John A., 166, 194n
, 356, 358n
, 368, 456n
, 457n
, 663n
,
680
- Buddhist crisis, 199
-
CIA Station Chief, selection of,
651n
- Communist insurgency:
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Border security and surveillance, 729–730
- Deterioration of military effort, 737
- Future developments, 738
- Laos, operations in, 729
- Sects, recruitment of, 736–737
- Coup against Diem, 507n
, 519n
, 552n
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 537n
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 431n
, 433n
, 449n
, 450n
, 453n
, 456n
, 457n
, 477n
, 488n
, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 484n
, 500n
-
Lansdale’s
involvement, 205, 240–241
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 470
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 206–207
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
-
CIA proposal for, 201
- “Explosion” in Vietnam, warning re, 406–407
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 188, 189, 191, 200, 252n
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 368
-
Johnson-Lodge meeting, 635–637
-
Lodge assassination
threats, 395n
-
Lodge-Harkins relationship, 733
-
Madame Nhu:
- U.S. campaign against, 591n
- U.S. visit by, 101
-
McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 718, 735–738
- Media coverage of Vietnam, 278
- Neutral solution for Vietnam:
-
Nhu’s attempts to
deal with DRV, 204
- Rapprochement between North and South Vietnam, 295–298
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 31
- Provisional government of Vietnam:
- Civilian administrators, 636
- U.S. covert information on, 736
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, 571n
- Special Forces, Vietnamese, 424
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704, 705
- Student protest movement, 218
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, 684
- McDowell, Harris B., Jr., 378n
-
McNamara, Robert S. (see also
McNamara-Taylor
mission), 12, 86n
, 89n
, 90n
, 92n
, 98, 114n
, 117, 119, 124n
, 161, 456n
, 457n
- Agricultural situation in Vietnam, 616, 622
- Buddhist crisis, 199
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 718
- Communist insurgency:
- Improved combat-effectiveness, 707
- Successes of, 733
- Countercoup operations, 36n
, 39n
- U.S. responses to various scenarios, 56–57
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n
- Border security and surveillance, 702, 729–730
- Deterioration of military effort, 582n
- Financial concerns, 621
- Improvements demanded by U.S., 500
- Intensification in critical provinces, 702
- Laos, operations in, 702, 729, 734, 739
- Long An Province situation, 714n
- Mekong Delta situation, 717
- Sects, recruitment of, 733
- Coup against Diem, 507n
, 519n
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 537n
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 40n
, 449n
, 450n
, 453n
, 456n
, 457n
, 477n
, 488n
, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 14n
- Assurances of support for Generals, 56, 71
- Contacts with Generals, 103
- Contingency planning, 55–56
- Coup plan, advance notice of, 29
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents, 8, 29
- Inertia of Generals, concerns re, 55
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473n
, 475n
484n
,
499n
,
500n
-
Lansdale’s
involvement, 241
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 469–470, 471, 472
- Pros and cons of supporting coup, 2, 4–5
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 29, 176
- Suspension of coup, option for, 35n
-
Diem-Harkins contact on military
matters, 86
- Economic situation in Vietnam, 620,
628
- Government of Diem and
Nhu:
- Military’s attitude toward, 117, 119
- Popular attitude toward, 71,
72
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 192
-
Kennedy’s letter to
Diem re, 287n
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 191, 199, 200, 201, 252n
- Propaganda efforts by U.S., 359
- Reconciliation policy of U.S., 220
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 369
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 70, 73, 95,
104n
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 356–357, 359, 371n
, 496n
- Honolulu meeting, 608n
, 616, 617, 618,
620, 621, 622
-
Johnson-Lodge meeting, 636
-
Krulak-Mendenhall mission, 119
-
Lodge-Harkins relationship, 479n
, 732–733
-
Lodge’s resignation, 693
- Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, officers assigned to, 735
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 734
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 27
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 732
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, command organization, 716–717
- Special Forces, Vietnamese, 424
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Identification of Communists in ham-lets, 617
- Overhaul of, 618
- U.S.-Vietnamese disagreements re, 237, 277
- U.S. Deputy Chief of Mission, selection of, 628
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 351
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
- All-agency review, 684
- Conflicting viewpoints within administration, 235
- Congressional testimony, 390–391
-
NSC-endorsed policy, 351, 352
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, U.S.
- covert operations against, 702, 734
- Vietnam visit (Dec.):
- Agenda for, 702–703
- Generals, meeting with, 716–719, 725–726, 730–731
- Instructions for, 700
-
Johnson’s decision
re, 690
-
Krulak’s report,
721–727
-
McCone’s report,
735–738
-
McNamara’s report,
732–735
-
Sullivan’s report,
728–731
-
McNamara-Taylor mission, 251
-
Diem, meeting with, 310–321
-
Diem’s perception of
mission as sign of
- Instructions for McNamara,
265–266,
278–279
- Instructions presented to mission party, 284–287
-
Kennedy’s decision re, 254, 257
-
Kennedy’s letter to
Diem, 287–290
-
McNamara’s interviews:
- Meetings in Washington re, 280–282
- Military appraisal as purpose of, 257,
278–279
- Report of, 336–346, 350–354
- State Department representative, 256,
266
-
Sullivan’s interview with
third country representatives, 325–326
-
Taylor’s interview with
Minh, 326–327
-
Taylor’s letter to
Diem, 328–330
-
Tho, meeting with, 321–323
- Meagher, Ed, 117n
- Meany, George, 561
-
Mecklin, John, 130, 199, 443
- Closing of USIS field offices,
possible, 405
- Congressional attitude toward, 447
- Counterinsurgency operations, 165–166
- Coup against Diem, U.S. policy re, 150–153
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 149–150
- Propaganda efforts by U.S., 300–301
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 165–166
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, 150
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
- Assaults on reporters, 444
- Censorship by Diem
government, 142
-
CIA assessment of, 278
- Congressional assessment of, 446
- Counterinsurgency operations, 216–217
- Country Team relations with press, 384–385
- Coup against Diem,
speculation about, 25–26
-
Diem’s assessment of, 19, 444–445
- Discussion in Washington re, 175
-
Harkins, attacks on, 593, 594,
600
- International conference issue, 592–593, 595
-
Kennedy-Diem communications re, 232, 233
-
Kennedy’s displeasure with,
111–112,
116, 281
- Local press, 754
-
Madame Nhu’s U.S. visit,
335–336
- Neutrality issue, 296, 695, 731,
754
-
Nhu’s attempts to deal with
DRV, 111
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 103–104
- Provisional government’s press relations, 548, 649, 712–713, 718, 754
-
Richardson’s transfer from
Vietnam, 364–365
- Strategic hamlet program, 237, 277–278
- Suspension of aid to Diem
regime, 351
- Mekong Delta. See under Counterinsurgency operations.
-
Mendenhall, Joseph A. (see also
Krulak-Mendenhall
mission), 199, 437n
, 550n
, 640n
- Countercoup operations, 49n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 460n
, 461n
, 463n
, 468n
, 470n
, 472
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 290n
, 308n
-
Harkins, media attacks on,
600n
- International conference on Vietnam, proposed, 706n
-
Johnson’s letter to
Minh, 745n
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 248–249
- Provisional government of Vietnam,
- U.S. “braintrust” for, 758
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704
- United Nations, political proposals re Vietnam, 331n
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, reiteration of, 592–593, 599n
- Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV) (see also
Harkins, Gen. Paul
D
.):
- Miller, Bob, 651
-
Minh, “Big.” See
Duong Van Minh, Maj. Gen.
-
Minh, “Little.” See
Tran Van Minh, Maj.
Gen.
- Montagnards, 246, 612, 673, 683
-
Montgomery, James M., 719n
, 745
-
Morse, Wayne, 391, 392
- Morton, Col., 147
- Murphy, William T., 378n
-
Murrow, Edward R., I, 13, 53, 119, 149, 161, 199, 405
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 192–193
- Pressure on Diem, U.S.
policy for, 188
- Propaganda efforts by U.S., 300
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 73
-
Nhu’s removal from power, possible,
28, 103–104
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704
- U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 193–194
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, world opinion re, 210–211
- National Revolutionary Movement, 304
- National Security Action Memoranda: 263 (Oct. 11,
1963), 395–396, 273 (Nov. 26,
1963), 637–640
- National Security Council meeting (Oct. 2), 350–352
- National Union of Students, 399
- National unity government for Vietnam, proposed, 237–238
- Navy, Vietnamese, 46, 59
-
Nes, David G., 733
- Neubert, Joseph W., 406–407, 719n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam:
- French position, 60, 67, 388, 389
-
De Gaulle’s
statement on, 55n
-
Kennedy’s statement
on, 94
- U.S. attitude toward, 61–62, 81,
83, 100, 297–298
- U.S.-French meeting re, 59–61
- Media coverage, 296, 695, 731,
754
-
Nhu’s attempts to deal with
DRV, 55, 72, 89–90, 125–126, 184, 204,
214, 219, 297, 324, 326, 521
- Generals attitude toward, 239–240
- Media reports on, 111n
- Military’s attitude toward, 294
- Third country opinions on, 325–326
-
Nhu’s “official” position,
85
- Partition issue, 264
- Rapprochement between North and South Vietnam, 295–298
- United Nations and, 332
- U.S. position, 695, 710, 734,
746
- U.S.-French discussions re, 59–61, 601
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, position, 297
- Vietnamese popular attitude toward, 270, 298, 754
- Vietnamese support, U.S. contingency planning for, 51
- World opinion on, 183, 210–211
- Neutrality for Cambodia. See under
Cambodia.
-
New York Times, 25, 75, 111–112, 175n
, 216, 237, 277, 387, 581, 592, 593, 594, 637n
, 652, 695, 697, 731
- Newman, Col. Ralph E., 36–37, 42
-
Nghiem. See
Le Van Nghiem, Brig.
Gen.
- Nghiep, 19
-
Ngo Dinh Can, 635
-
Ngo Dinh Diem (see also
Government of Diem and Nhu
):
- Assassination, 527, 531–533, 545, 559
- Buddhist crisis, 18–19, 319–320, 348,
349
- Government propaganda re, 142
- U Thant’s letter re, 112
- U.N. investigation of, 442–443
- U.S. involvement, alleged, 516
- Cadres, political, 313
- Communist defectors, 316
- Communist insurgency, 314–315
- Countercoup operations. See
Countercoup operations.
- Counterinsurgency operations:
- Crop destruction and defoliation, 314
- 500-pound bombs for, 316–317
-
Taylor’s
assessment of, 328–330
- Coup, 513–514, 534
- Knowledge of coup plotting, 2,
92, 515
- Surrender, 525n
- Elections in Vietnam, 314
- Family, defense of, 18
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Acquiescence to, 517
- Generals in cabinet positions, 292
-
Lodge, meetings
with, 140–143, 441–446
- Resistanceto, 317–321, 398–399, 559–560
- Suspension of U.S. aid and, 141, 414, 441–446, 515
-
Harkins-Diem contact on military matters,
86
- Hoa Hao sect and, 597
-
Kennedy’s criticism of,
93–94
-
Kennedy’s letter to, 192, 200,
231–234,
287–290
-
Lodge, meetings with, 18–20, 140–143, 441–446, 515–517
-
Lodge assassination
threa15, 443
-
Lodge’s assessment of,
442
-
Madame Nhu:
-
McNamara-Taylor mission, meeting with, 310–321
- Media coverage of Vietnam:
- Assaults on reporters, 444
- Censorship of press, 142
- Complaints re, 19, 444–445
-
Kennedy’s
communications re, 232, 233
- Mekong Delta region, attitude toward, 750
- Mental state, 18, 298
-
Nhu:
- Provinces, creation of, 313
- Public works program, 315
- Strategic hamlet program, 311–313, 597
- Student protest movement, 318
-
Taylor’s letter to, 328–330
- U.S. Information Service, criticism of, 142–143
- U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam, support for, 386
-
Ngo Dinh family,
disposition following coup (see also
Ngo Dinh
Can
), 547, 551, 560, 570
-
Ngo Dinh Luyen, 18
-
Ngo Dinh Nhu (see also
Government of Diem and Nhu
;
Ngo Dinh family):
- Anti-American campaign, 122–123, 124,
213–214
- Assassination, 527, 531–533, 545, 559
- Buddhist crisis:
- Assessment of, 126–127, 258
- Sanctuary for bonzes in U.S. Embassy, 125
- U.N. investigation of, 415,
418
- U.S. involvement, alleged, 416
-
CIA, attitude toward, 91
-
CIA interview, 124–127
- Communist insurgency, contacts with, 85, 126
- Control of government, 138
- Countercoup operations. See
Countercoup operations.
- Counterinsurgency operations, 139
- Coup, 512–513
-
Diem, relationship with,
213, 293
-
Diem’s defense of, 18, 141, 517
-
Dinh and, 207
- Generals, meetings with, 90–92
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, edh:
-
Diem’s resistance
to, 560
- Generals in cabinet positions, 127
- Prime Ministership, creation of, 84
- Hoa Hao sect and, 597
-
Lodge assassination
threats, 394
-
Lodge’s assessment of,
259
- Martial law, 126–127
- Mekong Delta region, attitude toward, 750
- Mental state, 214, 219, 298,
394
- Military’s attitude toward, 156, 157, 158,
161
- Neutral solution for Vietnam (see also Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, attempts to deal
with
below), 85
- Power grab, possible, 9
- Rapprochement with U.S., 55
- Removal from power, possible:
-
Diem’s rejection
of, 141
- Discussions in Washington re, 27–28, 30–31,
54–55, 163–166
-
Harkins’ position,
10–11, 23–24, 25
-
Lalouette’s
position, 58
-
Lodge’s position,
38–39, 386
- Media reports on, 103–104
-
Mendenhall’s
position, 248–249
-
Nhu’s rejection of,
258–259
-
Nolting’s
position, 120, 121
- Popular support for, 214–215
-
Rusk’s position,
33–34
- U.S. campaign re, 163–164, 165–166
- U.S. position, 16, 135, 177, 254, 334
- Resignation offer, 84, 101, 127,
131–132
-
Richardson and, 65
- Secret police force, 124, 213
- Special Forces, control of, 213
-
Thuan threatened by, 140
- U.S. civilians in Saigon, criticism of, 125
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam, 84–85, 417
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam, opposition to, 385–386
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, criticism of, 91–92, 416–418
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of, attempts to deal
with, 55, 72,
89–90,
125–126,
184, 204, 214, 219, 297, 324, 326,
521
-
Ngo Dinh Nhu, Madame,
58, 131
- Anti-American campaign, 122–123, 124
- Assassination of Diem and
Nhu, reaction to, 551
-
Chuong’s attitude toward,
238
-
Diem’s defense of, 18, 319
-
Kennedy, comments on, 191n
-
Lodge, criticism of, 283n
-
Ngo Dinh family,
disposition following coup, 551, 560n
, 570
- Secret police force, 122–123, 124
- Silencing of, U.S. demand for, 191,
192, 208, 319, 335
- U.S. campaign against, 591
- U.S. military, criticism of, 281, 318–319
- U.S. visit, 84, 101, 104–105, 140–141, 167,
175, 198, 238, 283, 335–336, 387,
414
-
Ngo Dinh Thuc
(Archbishop of Hue), 143, 175, 273, 324, 635
- Buddhist crisis, 348
-
Diem’s defense of, 18
-
Ngo Trong Hieu, 366, 386
-
Ngoc, Gen., 512
- Ngu Quang Truong, 428
-
Nguyen Cao Ky, Lt.
Col., 428, 509
-
Nguyen Dinh Thuan,
27, 81, 117, 118, 122, 214, 268, 431, 615
- Assassination, fear of, 138, 140
- Countercoup operations, 139
- Counterinsurgency operations, 261
- Coup against Diem, 138, 507
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 559
-
Diem-Nhu relationship, 213
- Government of Diem and
Nhu, assessment of, 137–140
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 309
-
Diem’s resistance
to, 559–560
- Support for, 301–303
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 414
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 441–442
-
Madame Nhu’s U.S. visit,
414
-
McNamara-Taylor mission, Diem’s meeting with, 310, 321
-
Nhu, opposition to, 163
- Resignation rumors, 274
- Special Forces, Vietnamese, 403–405
- Nguyen Duy Bach, 713
- Nguyen Giac Ngo, Gen., 91
- Nguyen Huu Co, Col., 534, 544
- Nguyen Huu Duong, 428, 504
- Nguyen Huu Hien, Col., 46, 506, 529
-
Nguyen Khanh, Maj.
Gen., 91, 712
- Buddhist crisis, 147
- Counterinsurgency operations, 157
- Coup against Diem, 366, 451,
461, 492, 512
- Leadership group, 240
- Strategy meetings of Generals, 40, 41
- U.S. assurances of support, 79
-
Nguyen Khuong, Col.,
419–420, 424, 432, 433, 454, 512
- Nguyen Ngoc Le, Maj. Gen., 512, 529
- Nguyen Ngoc Linh, Lt., 532
-
Nguyen Ngoc Tho,
27, 117
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 697, 731
- Communist insurgency, 322–323
- Counterinsurgency operations, 596–599
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan re, 463
- Generals attitude toward, 40
- Governmental refonn in Vietnam, 309,
321–322
-
McNamara-Taylor mission, meeting with, 321–323
-
McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 718
- Popular attitude toward, 270, 681
- Presidency for, possible, 180, 458
- Press relations, 712–713, 718
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 524n
, 589
- Cabinet position, 558, 567
- Council of Sages, 648–649
- Promotions of Generals, 557
- Strategic hamlet program, 322, 596–599
- U.S. suspension of aid to Diem regime, 495
- Nguyen Phuong Thiep, 547, 551
- Nguyen Than Cung, 558, 567, 578
- Nguyen Ton Hoan, 237
- Nguyen Tran, 303
- Nguyen Van Bieh, Maj., 503
-
Nguyen Van La, Maj.
Gen., 91, 512
- Nguyen Van Luc, 503
- Nguyen Van Mau, 567
- Nguyen Van Thien, Col., 44, 529
-
Nguyen Van Thieu,
Col., 48, 420, 428, 509, 534, 544
- Nguyen Van Tu, Lt. Col., 508
- Nguyen Van Tu, Maj., 428, 509
- Nhieu, Maj., 36
- Nhon, Col., 550, 553
- Nhon, Gen., 155
- Nhon, Maj., 42, 239
-
Nhu. See
Ngo Dinh
Nhu
;
Ngo
Dinh Nhu, Madame
.
-
Nhu, Madame. See
Ngo Dinh Nhu,
Madame
.
-
Nolting, Frederick E., Jr., 12, 26, 98, 117, 168, 199
- Buddhist crisis, 199
- Communist defections, 100
- Country Team role, 382
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Assurances of support for Generals, 56
- “Diem as best
leader” issue, 6, 8
- Evacuation planning, 8 Pros and cons of supporting coup,
3, 6
- U.S. support for coup, Diem’s knowledge of, 2
- Government of Diem and
Nhu, popular attitude
toward, 74
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 188
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 73, 102, 120, 121
-
Krulak-Mendenhall mission, briefing on,
162
-
Nhu and, 517
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 27, 28, 30, 54, 120, 121, 164
- Oai. See
Tran Tu Oai, Brig. Gen.
- Operation Hardnose, 728, 729, 734
- Peace Corps, Vietnamese, 672, 755
- Pelen, Pierre, 59, 388
- Perruso, Dolores P., 97n
, 283n
, 500n
, 665n
, 701n
- Peyrefitte, Alain, 551n
-
Pham Dang Lam, 506, 578
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 697, 731
- Coup against Diem, 588
-
Lodge, meeting with, 586–588
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 558, 567, 589
- Pham Huy Co, 237, 504
- Pham Ngoc Thao, Col., 53, 54n
, 65, 310, 400–401
- Coup against Diem, 503, 504
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 532
- Strategy meetings of Generals, 40–41
- Coup led by, possible, 428, 451, 453
- U.S. post, assignment to, 713
-
Pham Van Dong, 85, 89, 125, 239, 409, 601n
,
658
-
Pham Van Dong, Col., 420
- Pham Van Tung, 304
- Pham Xuan Chieu, 46, 90, 355, 461, 492, 512
-
Phan Huy Quat, 453, 457, 458, 462–463, 524n
- Philippines, 675
-
Phillips, Rufus C., 26, 130, 169, 199, 206, 241, 246
- Counterinsurgency operations, 165
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 249–251
- Departure from Vietnam, 445
- Generals, meetings with, 80, 86–88
-
Minh, assessment of, 606–607
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 163–164
- Province chiefs, reorientation of, 605–606
- Provisional government of Vietnam, U.S. “braintrust” for, 758
- Strategic hamlet program, overhaul of, 596–599, 604
-
Thuan, meeting with, 137–139
- Phoumi Nosovan, 69, 540, 607
- Phuoc, Col., 140, 291
- Poats, R., 704
- Province chiefs:
- Provisional government of Vietnam:
- Ambassador in Washington, 589, 590
- Arrests, 547, 551, 552, 558, 651,
673, 713
- Cabinet positions, 557–558, 567–568
- Chief of State, 717
- Chinese racketeers, policy on, 590–591
-
CIA assessment of, 648–649, 680–681, 711–713
- Civilian administrators, 457, 512, 523–524n
, 542, 546–547, 578–579, 636
- Complaints re, 579
- Confusion and paralysis in, 711–713, 732
- Council of Sages, 489–490, 609,
648–649,
681, 720
-
De Gaulle’s assessment of,
568–569
- Decree on, 554
- Discord among Generals, 557–558, 611,
681, 718, 754–755
- Dissident groups and, 615, 681
- Dung’s recommendations for, 458
- Economic policies, 542, 613–614
- Executive’s role, 589
- Foreign relations, 538–540, 588,
630
- French recognition of, 601
- Generals plan for, 250–251, 489–490, 493
-
Harkins, Generals attitude
toward, 593, 594, 600, 602
- Inauguration of Minh, 748
-
Jorden’s assessment of, 753–758
-
Lodge’s assessment of,
436, 609–610
- Military personnel, positions for, 543–544, 553, 579
- Military-civilian relationship within, 588
- National Assembly, 489–490
- Police forces, 553, 587, 589,
613, 615
- Policy implementation, lines of, 649
- Political reform, plans for, 609, 611
- Popular support for, 575–576, 671–672
- Press relations, 548, 649, 712–713, 718,
754
- Promotions of Generals, 557
- Province chiefs and, 535, 550, 554,
564–565,
612, 613, 699, 711
- Public relations efforts, 587, 590, 718,
755
- Purges of Diem personnel,
548
-
Tri Quang, position offered
to, 514, 519–520
- U.S. assessment of, 629
- U.S. “braintrust” for, 646, 650, 669–670, 687,
690, 747, 757–758
- U.S. covert information on, 736
- U.S. recognition of, 519, 526
- Year-end assessment of, 753–758
- Quyen. See
Ho Tan Quyen, Capt.
- Ranger Companies, Vietnamese, 425
- Rau, 640–641
- Rawlings, Francis H., 690n
- Raymond, Jack, 594n
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces (RVNAF)
(see also
Special Forces, Vietnamese):
- Air Force, 46, 159, 509–510
- Army, 604–605, 712
- Budget, 621
- Command organization, 612, 716–717
- Communist infiltration, 645
- Coup against Diem and,
475–476,
508–510,
522, 530–531
- Government of Diem and
Nhu, attitudes toward,
154–160,
171–172,
247
- Loyalties of units and commanders, 43–48
- Marines, 45, 159, 508
- Navy, 46, 159
- Paramilitary forces (see also
Civil Guard; Civilian
Irregular Defense Group; Self Defense
Corps):
- Ranger Companies, 425
- Reorganization of, 570–572
- Troop strength, 682
- Unity of commanders, 547
- Weapons losses, 708
- Republican Youth, 259, 570
-
Reston, James, 175, 581, 592
- Reunification issue, 332
-
Rice, Edward E., 437n
, 462, 600n
- Rice production, 616, 622
-
Richardson, John H., 65, 228, 230, 276n
- Riley, Vice Adm. Herbert D., 62
-
Rostow, Walt W., 266, 269n
-
Rusk, Dean, 12, 26, 30,
64n
, 68, 69, 86n
, 89n
, 90n
, 92n
, 118, 124n
, 131, 194n
, 218, 266n
, 269n
, 335n
, 456n
, 457n
, 549n
, 564n
, 663n
, 666, 719
- Buddhist crisis:
- Communist influences, 199
- Negotiations to resolve, 77
- Political aspects, 186–187
- U.N. investigation of, 349n
-
Buu Hoi, meeting with, 347–349
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 695–696
- Congressional hearings on Vietnam, 113
- Countercoup operations, 36n
, 39n
-
DRV assistance for
Diem, 34, 55
- U.S. responses to various scenarios, 49, 56
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n
- Deterioration of military effort, 418, 582
- Improvements demanded by U.S., 370
- “Losing military war” issue, 165
- Coup against Diem, 507n
, 519n
, 522n
, 552n
- “Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 527, 537n
, 550–551
- Congress informed of, 520–521, 573
- Propaganda efforts by Generals, 521
- U.S. guidance for Generals, 524
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 40n
, 431n
, 433n
, 449n
, 450n
, 453n
, 456n
, 457n
, 477n
, 488n
, 503n
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 212
- Assistance for Generals, 16
- Assurances of support for Generals, 26, 32, 71
- Contacts with Generals, 103,
106
- Contingency planning, 55, 56
- Coordination between Saigon and Washington, 17
- Coup plan, advance notice of, 28, 29
- Evacuation planning, 32
- Inertia of Generals, concerns re, 55–56, 63
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473n
, 475n
, 484n
, 500n
-
Lansdale’s
involvement, 205, 240–241
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 463n
, 469, 470, 471, 472
- Suspension of aid to encourage a coup, 32–33,
176, 206n
- Suspension of coup, option for, 15–16, 35
-
Diem-Harkins contact on military
matters, 86
- Government of Diem and
Nhu:
- Military’s attitude toward, 130
- Popular attitude toward, 130,
269
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Congressional demands re, 188,
192
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 187, 200
- Failure, consequences of, 117
-
Kennedy’s letter to
Diem re, 287n
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 183–188, 189, 190, 191, 195–198, 199–200, 202, 203, 221, 236, 252n
, 265
- Reconciliation policy of U.S., 220, 221
- Suspension of aid to Diem regime, 118, 186, 196, 215, 275–277, 299n
, 305n
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 70, 72–73,
74, 76–79, 80, 97,
101–102, 104–106, 107, 108–109, 110n
, 117, 119–120, 121, 128–129, 140
- U.S. package of sanctions and demands, 370, 371, 379, 396–397, 409, 441, 442
-
Harkins, media attacks on,
600
- Honolulu meeting, 608n
, 611, 613, 615,
619, 621
- International conference issue, 599–600, 706
-
Johnson-Lodge meeting, 635
-
Johnson’s letter to
Minh, 745–747
-
Krulak-Mendenhall mission, 130, 133–135
-
Lodge, congratulations
for, 579–580
-
Lodge assassination
threats, 394
-
Lodge’s U.S. visit at end
of October, proposed, 397n
-
Madame Nhu:
- Silencing of, 208
- U.S. visit by, 198
-
McNamara-Taylor mission:
-
Diem’s perception
of mission as sign of U.S. support, 255n
, 256–257
- Military appraisal as purpose of, 278n
- State Department representative, 266
-
McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 690
-
Minh, Harkins’ assessment of, 274n
- Neutral solution for Vietnam:
- French position, 59–62, 388
-
Nhu’s attempts to
deal with DRV, 184, 219
- Partition issue, 264
- U.S. position, 695, 710n
-
Ngo Dinh Nhu family,
disposition following coup, 551, 560n
-
Nhu, problems caused by,
212
-
Nhu’s anti-American
campaign, 122
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 16, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33–34, 38, 54, 135
- Provisional government of Vietnam:
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces, 571n
- Special Forces, Vietnamese, 424
- Strategic hamlet program, 623
- Student protest movement, 218
-
Tri Quang, exile for, 218
- U.S. Deputy Chief of Mission, selection of, 650
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam:
- Joint U.S.-Vietnamese policies, management of, 541–542
- Resumption of aid following coup, 540–541, 551
- U.S. policy in Vietnam:
- Saigon-Cholon Waterworks, 341, 370, 373
- Saigon Electric Power Project, 341, 370, 373
-
Salinger, Pierre, 81n
, 96, 351
- Sarit Thanarat, 696n
- Sarris, Leo G., 122n
,
133n
-
Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr., 175, 533, 555
- Self Defense Corps:
-
Sheehan, Neil, 218–384
- Sheldon, 206, 218–219
- Shoup, Gen. David M., 64n
, 194n
,
535n
-
Sihanouk, Prince Norodom, 538, 539, 588, 641, 654, 655, 674, 696n
, 731
- Silver, Solomon, 541, 618–620
-
Smith, Bromley, 6, 13n
, 31, 53n
, 69n
, 74n
, 103, 120, 161, 171, 175, 190, 193, 195n
, 357, 358n
, 368n
, 471, 473, 685n
-
Smith, David O., 218–219
- “Smith,” Prof., 293–295
- Smith, Maj. William Y, 174n
, 216n
,
518n
, 555n
, 593n
, 625n
- Solbert, 704
- Son, Col., 47
- Sorensen, Theodore C., 169
-
Souvanna Phouma, 540, 607, 675
- Counterinsurgency operations in Laos, 739–740
- Soviet Union, 60, 184
- Special Forces, Vietnamese:
- Loyalty to Diem, 45, 509
-
Nhu’s control of, 213
- Revamping of, 570, 572
- Subordination to Joint General Staff, 403–405, 411
- U.S. assistance, suspension of, 341–342, 362–363, 369, 373–374
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704–705
- Staley, Eugene, 678
- Starkey, John, 444n
- Starnes, Richard, 390n
-
Stevenson, Adlai, 335, 336, 348
-
Stilwell, Maj. Gen. Richard G.:
-
Stoneman, Walter G., 540n
, 541n
- Strategic hamlet program, 5, 91, 322
- British operational plan, 311–312
-
CIA assessment of, 683
- Communist attacks on, 165
- “Completed hamlets” issue, 698, 714
- Consolidation of, 376, 586, 590
- Deterioration of, 246, 687–689, 698–699, 712
- First-hand reports re, 714–715
-
Diem’s assessment of, 311–313
- Elections and, 314
- Identification of Communists in ham-lets, 617
-
Lodge’s assessment of,
422
- Media coverage of, 237, 277–278
- Medical services, 623
- Overextension of, 312, 751
- Overhaul of, 642
- Political aspects, 376
- Popular discontent with, 596–597
- Progress of, 99
- U.S.-Vietnamese disagreements re, 237,
277–278
- Strickler, Col., 42
- Student protest movement, 172, 174, 271, 273
- Communist influences, 194–195, 218
- Coup against Diem and,
543
- Coup by students, possible, 343
-
Diem’s assessment of, 318
- Government efforts to neutralize, 399–400
-
Minh’s assessment of, 327
- Provisional government and, 615
-
Sullivan, William H., 628, 650
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward, 459n
- Government of Diem and
Nhu, 357–358
-
McNamara-Taylor mission, 284, 285,
286, 325–326, 344n
-
McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), re-port on, 728–731
- Provisional government of Vietnam,
- U.S. recognition of, 519n
- U.S. Mission in Vietnam, differing atti-tudes within, 380–383
- Year-end observations, 749–752
-
Sylvester, Arthur, 286
- Szulc, Tad, 25–26,
111, 175
-
Tam Chau, bonze, 333
-
Taylor, Gen. Maxwell
D. (see also
McNamara-Taylor
mission), 53, 69, 86n
, 89n
, 90n
, 92n
, 119, 124n
, 161, 218, 368, 456n
, 457n
- Buddhist crisis, 186, 187
-
Chuong, meeting with, 268–269
- Communist insurgency:
- Improved combat-effectiveness, 707
- Increased activity, 99
- Popular attitude toward, 322–323
- Countercoup operations, 36n
, 39n
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607n
, 659
- Assessment for Diem, 328–330
- Command systems, 535, 549
-
Harkins’
assessment of, 266
- Improvements demanded by U.S., 496
- Summary report, 98–99
- Coup against Diem, 507n
, 519n
, 522, 534
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 533, 569
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for, 40n
449n
450n
453n
456n
457n
477n
, 488n
, 503n
- Loyalties of units and commanders, 43
- Postponement of coup (Aug. 31), 64
- Units participating in coup, 2
- U.S. military, Generals contacts with, 431, 433
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward:
- Coup plan, advance notice of, 28, 29
- Evacuation planning, 1–2, 7–8, 29
-
Harkins’s
position, 13, 14–15,
23
- Instructions to Lodge (Oct. 29), 473n
, 475n
, 484n
, 499n
, 500n
- Meetings in Washington (Oct. 29), 469, 470
- Governmental reform in Vietnam:
- Evacuation of U.S. dependents and, 193
- Pressure on Diem,
U.S. policy for, 188, 189, 242
- Reconciliation policy of U.S., 220, 242
- U.S. negotiations with Diem, 104n
- Honolulu meeting, 611, 618, 624
-
Krulak-Mendenhall mission, 119
-
Lodge-Harkins relationship, 455–456, 479
- Military Assistance Command, Vietnam, officers assigned to, 651, 679
-
Minh, Harkins’ assessment of, 274n
-
Nhu’s removal from power,
possible, 10, 28
- Provisional government of Vietnam,
- province chiefs and, 535, 564
-
Richardson’s transfer from
Vietnam, 364n
- Special Group for Counterinsurgency, 704
- Strategic hamlet program, 99, 618
- U.S. Mission in Vietnam, military man as Ambassador and military
commander, 739
- U.S. policy in Vietnam, 684
- Tenant Farmers Union, 672
- Thacher, Peter S., 347
- Thailand, 210, 574
- Cambodia, relations with, 539
- Internal security, 704–705
- Vietnam, Republic of, relations with, 539, 675
- Thanh, 507
- Thao. See
Pham Ngoc Thao, Col.
-
Thien. See
Nguyen Van Thien, Col.
-
Thieu. See
Nguyen Van
Thieu, Col.
-
Tho. See
Nguyen Ngoc
Tho
.
-
Thompson, Robert G. K., 119, 204n
, 294, 575
- Thomson, Vernon w., 379n
-
Thuan. See
Nguyen Dinh
Thuan
.
-
Thuc. See
Ngo Dinh
Thuc
.
- Tien Khiet, bonze, 333
-
Times a/Vietnam, 123,
124, 398, 405, 410, 415, 445
-
Timmes, Maj. Gen. Charles J., 206, 564, 621
-
Ton That Dinh, Maj.
Gen., 2, 48, 148, 240, 366, 571
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 697
- Countercoup operations, 507n
- Coup against Diem, 355, 451,
453, 461, 534
-
Krulak’s interview with,
156
- Multiple military responsibilities, 716, 718
- Neutral solution for Vietnam, 710
- Neutralization of, U.S. plan for, 673–674
-
Nhu and, 207
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 524n
, 544,
553, 557–558, 567, 587,
653, 661, 755
- Tran Chanh Thanh, 640–642
- Tran Cuu Thien, Maj., 147
-
Tran Kim Tuyen, 40, 292, 503, 507, 509, 558, 561
-
Tran Le Quang
524n
, 558, 578
- Tran Ngoc Oanh, 558
- Tran Ngoc Tam, Gen., 91, 512
- Tran Quoc Buu, 214, 399, 477, 551, 561, 590
- Tran Sanh Buu, 304
-
Tran Thien Khiem,
Gen., 7, 32n
, 48, 90
- Counterinsurgency operations, 607
- Coup against Diem, 366, 400–401, 452,
461, 492, 508, 512
- Double agent role, 366–367
- Interim planning, 290–291
- Leadership group, 240
- Postponement of coup (Aug. 31), 64–66
- U.S. assurances of support, 42,
79
- Generals suspicions of, 87, 88
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 239,
291–292
-
Nhu’s attempts to deal with
DRV, 239–240
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 553, 557
-
Thuan’s assessment of,
139
- Tran Trong Dung, 453, 457–459, 463, 503
- Tran Tu Oai, Brig. Gen., 91, 512, 524n
, 553, 558, 567, 574n
, 649
-
Tran Van Chuong, 122, 237–238, 268–269, 318, 386, 524n
-
Tran Van Chuong, Madame, 237–238
-
Tran Van Don, Maj.
Gen., 91, 404
- Buddhist crisis, 147
- Cambodian neutrality issue, 697, 718
- Counterinsurgency operations, 554
- Border security and surveillance, 607
- Mekong Delta situation, 717
- Coup against Diem, 366, 461,
492, 509
- Assassination of Diem and Nhu, 531n
, 546, 559, 560
- Conein, meeting with, 450–452
- Contacts with U.S. military, 433
- Initiation of, 505
-
Lodge, meeting
with, 449
- Oct. 26 attempt, cancellation of, 423–424n
, 427
- U.S. to be provided with final plans before commencement
of coup, 424n
, 434
- U.S. updated on planning progress, 354, 450–452
- Governmental reform in Vietnam, 66,
309
-
McNamara’s visit to
Vietnam (Dec.), 717, 718–719
-
Minh and, 65
-
Nhu family, disposition
following coup, 547, 560, 570
- Popularity of, 545
- Provisional government of Vietnam, 524n
, 543,
553
- Arrests, 651
- Cabinet positions, 545, 567
- Chinese racketeers, policy on, 590–591
- Police forces, 553
- Promotions of Generals, 557
- Public relations efforts, 590
- Purges of Diem
personnel, 548
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces:
- Revamping of, 570–572
- Unity of commanders, 547
- Self Defense Corps, 718–719
- Special Forces, Vietnamese, 426
- Strategic hamlet program:
- Consolidation of, 590
- Deterioration of, 689
-
Tri Quang, release from U.S.
Embassy, 548
- U.S. suspension of aid to Diem regime, 495
- Tran Van Huu, 298
- Tran Van Khiem, 122–123, 124, 140, 303
- Tran Van Ly, 524n
, 589
- Tran Van Minh, Maj. Gen., 90,
512, 524n
, 532, 557
- Tran Van Nhan, 142
- Tran Van Nhut, 508
- Tri. See
Do Cao Tri, Maj. Gen.
-
Tri Quang, bonze, 142, 180, 400
- Buddhist crisis:
- Exile, proposed, 218
- Popular attitude toward, 270
- Provisional government position offered to, 514, 519–520
- Release from U.S. Embassy, 136–137, 519n
, 548
- Truce in Vietnam, Mansfield’s
proposal for, 691–692
-
Trueheart, William C., 42, 90, 162n
, 206, 354, 666
- Congressional attitude toward, 447
- Departure from Vietnam, 628
- Honolulu meeting, 616, 618, 623–624
- Strategic hamlet program, 623–624
-
Thuan, meeting with, 139–140
- Tu, 506
-
Tung. See
Le Quang Tung,
Col.
- Tunisia, 211
-
Tuyen. See
Tran Kim
Tuyen
.
- Tyler, William R., 388, 389
- U Thant, 112, 333n
, 349n
- Unger, Leonard, 700, 728, 739–740
- United Front Party, 503
- United Kingdom, 696
- United Nations:
- Buddhist crisis:
- General Assembly debate re, 132n
, 227, 228–229, 331n
- Investigation of, 320, 333n
, 349n
, 415, 418, 423, 438, 442–443, 494, 495, 516
- U Thant’s letter to Diem, 112
- Political proposals on Vietnam, 331–332
-
Unna, Warren, 241n
- U.S. Deputy Chief of Mission, selection of, 628, 633, 650, 665–666
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam (see also
Commodity Import Program):
- Fertilizer credits, 616, 622
- Joint U.S.-Vietnamese policies, management of, 541–542
- Lend-lease program, proposed, 417
- Loans, 84–85
- P.L. 480 program, 340, 361–362, 370, 373,
540–541,
614
- Reductions, possible impact of, 417
- Resumption of aid following coup, 540–541, 546, 551
- Suspension of. See under
Coup against Diem, U.S. policy re; Governmental reform in Vietnam.
- U.S. policy toward, 638–639
- Vietnamese requirements, 614
- U.S. Embassy building in Saigon, 632–633
- U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam, 175, 193–194, 300–301
- U.S. Information Service (USIS):
- Closing of field offices, possible, 405
-
Diem’s criticism of, 142–143
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam:
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam:
- Advisers, Krulak’s
interviews with, 153–160
- Disengagement by 1965, proposed, 338, 387
- Force reductions:
- Announcement of reductions, 652–653
- Defense Department plan for, 407–409
-
McNamara-Taylor mission
recommendations, 338, 351
- Vietnamese concerns re, 640–641
-
Nhu’s opposition, 385–386
- Unlimited commitment, justification for, 150
- Violations of Geneva accords, 408–409
- Withdrawal of forces, U.N. proposal for, 331–332
- U.S. Mission in Vietnam:
- Differing attitudes within, 380–383
- Military man as Ambassador and military commander, proposed, 739
- Press relations, 384–385
- U.S. policy in Vietnam (see also
Coup against Diem
, U.S. policy toward;
Honolulu meeting):
- All-agency review (Dec. 6), 684–685
- Conflicting viewpoints within administtation, 235, 390–391
- Congressional hearings on, 113, 390–392
-
McNamara-Taylor mission recommendations,
339
-
Nhu’s criticism of, 91–92, 416–418
-
NSAM
263, 395–396
-
NSAM
273, 637–640
-
NSC-endorsed policy, 350–354
- Objectives (Sept. 1963), 177–180
- Phase-out of programs, dates for, 610
- Reiteration of, 581–582, 592–593, 599–600
- Vietnamese popular attitude toward, 270
- World opinion on, 210–211
- Van Thanh Cao, Gen., 91
- Vann, Col. John Paul, 516
- Vien. See
Cao Van Vien, Col.
- Viet Congo See
Communist insurgency.
- Vietnam. See:
- Agricultural situation in Vietnam
- Amnesty (Chieu Hoi) Program
- Buddhist crisis
- Commodity Import Program
- Communist insurgency
- Countercoup operations
- Counterinsurgency operations
- Coup against Diem
- Coup against Diem,
Generals plan for
- Coup against Diem, U.S.
policy toward
- Crop destruction program
- Defoliant operations
- Economic situation in Vietnam
- Government of Diem and
Nhu
- Governmental reform in Vietnam
- Martial law
- Media coverage of Vietnam
- Montagnards Neutral solution for Vietnam
- Province chiefs
- Provisional government of Vietnam
- Republic of Vietnam Armed Forces
- Self Defense Corps
- Strategic hamlet program
- Student protest movement
- Truce in Vietnam
- U.S. economic assistance to Vietnam
- U.S. information programs and policies in Vietnam
- U.S. military assistance to Vietnam
- U.S. military involvement in Vietnam
- U.S. Mission in Vietnam
- U.S. policy in Vietnam
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of
- Vietnam, Republic of
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of (DRV) (see also
Neutral solution for Vietnam):
- Assistance for Diem in
response to coup, possible, 34, 50, 55, 68
- Chinese People’s Republic, relations with, 388–390
- Media reports from Hanoi, 210
- Neutralization of, Lodge’s
plan for, 633–634, 656–659
- Reunification issue, 332
- U.S. covert operations against, 699,
702, 724–725, 729, 734
- Vietnam, Republic of (see also
Coup against Diem
headings; Government of
Diem and Nhu
; Governmental reform in Vietnam; Neutral
solution for Vietnam; Provisional government
of Vietnam):
- Agricultural situation, 616, 622
- Cadres, political, 313
- Cambodia, relations with, 538–539, 588,
630, 641, 646, 674
- Can Lao Party, 223, 253, 264,
482–484
- Cao Dai sect, 597, 612, 680,
717, 733, 736–737
- Censorship of press, 142
- Chinese racketeers, 590–591
- Council on Religious Affairs, 264
- Economic situation. See
Economic situation in Vietnam.
- Elections, 253, 263, 303–305, 314
- Emergency Planning Ministry, proposed, 484
- Foreign relations, 675–676
- French economic assistance, 615–616
- Hoa Hao sect, 597, 606, 612,
646, 680, 717, 733, 736–737
- Land reforms, 376, 671, 748
- Laos, relations with, 539–540, 630,
675
- Martial law, 9, 126–127, 273
- National Revolutionary Movement, 304
- National unity government, proposed, 237–238
- Political action campaign, 672–673
- Province-level situation, 616–617
- Provinces, creation of, 313
- Public works program, 315
- Reunification issue, 332
- Secret police force, 122–123, 124,
213
- United Front Party, 503
- Women’s Solidarity Movement, 304
- Vo Van Hai, 213, 214
- Voice of America (VOA), 300–301
- Vu Quoe Thue, 144, 244, 245
-
Vu Van Mau, 114, 181, 213, 317–318, 322, 524n
, 558, 710n
- Vu Van Thai, 114–115
- Wallner, Woodruff, 331n
,
- Walther, Herbert K., 495
- Warner, Denis, 122
-
Washington Daily News, 352, 390–391
-
Washington Post, 217,
241n
, 295
- Whalley, J. Irving, 379n
-
Wheeler, Gen. Earle G., 64n
, 194n, 535n
, 583
- White, W Y, 387n
- Whiting, Albert L., 269n
- Whiting, Allen S., 49n
,
122n
- Wilson, Donald M., 356, 358n
, 684,
704
- Wolfhill, Grant, 444n
- Women’s Solidarity Movement, 304
-
Xuan. See
Mai Huu Xuan, Maj.
Gen.
-
Yost, Charles W, 347,
665
-
Young, Earl J., 687–689
-
Zablocki, Clement J., 378, 430
- Congressional visit to Vietnam, 446–447