Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958–1960, Africa,
Volume XIV
Index
- Abbas, Ferhat, 430
- Abboud, Ibrahim, 177–178, 623, 630
- Abrams, Eugene B., 714n
-
Abubakar Tafawa Balewa, Alhaji,
221–222
- Achilles, Theodore C., 110
-
Acly, Robert A., 740n
- Adeel, Omar Abdel Hamid, 596, 623
- Aden, 176
- Adenauer, Konrad, 70
- Adoula, Cyrille, 561, 585–586, 605n
, 620
- Africa (see also specific countries and areas):
- Asian minorities, 61, 64–65, 79, 92–93
- British economic aid, 94–95
- Chinese People’s Republic, relations with, 135–136
- communist influence (see also Chinese People’s Republic subheadings under other
subjects; Soviet bloc subheadings under other
subjects; specific countries and areas), 8, 49, 67, 69–70, 82, 100–101, 130, 159
- independence (see also
Newly independent countries; specific countries, areas, and
organizations), 2–3, 7–8, 38, 40–44, 46–47, 49, 94
- multilateral economic aid (see also U.S. economic aid below and under other
subjects
), 10, 19–20, 48, 51, 96, 105, 113, 147–148, 150,
153–154
- neutralism, 149
- racial policies (see also Union of South Africa; white settlers below; specific
countries and areas;), 5, 8, 29, 59, 61, 63–64, 91, 122
- Soviet bloc, relations with, 41, 47, 49, 101, 148,
153–154,
157
- tripartite talks, 44–53, 52–53, 96, 689–691
- United States, relations with, 10, 23, 127, 151–153
- U.S. economic aid (see also multilateral economic aid above and under other
subjects
), 47–48, 76–77, 127–128, 134,
156–157,
262
- U.S. military aid, 148–149, 154–156, 155–156, 158–159
- U.S. policy toward, 43–44, 53, 126–127, 147–149, 151–152, 159–160, 167–170, 196, 654–657
- white settlers (see also
racial policies above and under
other subjects
), 5,
12, 20,
54, 59,
61, 63–65, 63–66, 79, 89, 91
- Africa South of the Sahara (see also British
territories; East, Central, and South Africa;
French territories; French Tropical Africa; specific
countries), 22–37
- communist influence, 29,
38, 40
- economic situation, 14–15, 31–32, 34–35
- independence, 12, 15–16, 19–20, 25, 27–29, 39, 129–130
- multilateral economic aid, 19–20, 105, 110, 112–113, 115–116
-
NSC discussions, 13–16, 19–22
-
OCB reports, 11–13, 39–40
- regional cooperation, 10, 13, 32–35, 37
- Soviet bloc, relations with, 12, 25, 29, 39, 104, 114
- United States, relations with, 14, 22, 26, 69–72, 105–106, 114, 137
- U.S. economic aid, 16,
19–21,
27, 33–36, 39, 69–70, 99–106, 109–116, 133
- U.S. policy toward, 12, 16, 19–21, 24–37, 39, 46
- African Front conference (Abidjan, Oct. 1960), 235, 569
- African National Congress (ANC), 12, 733
- Afro-Asian bloc (see also specific countries), 46, 69, 94, 518, 524, 609, 742, 745
- Afro-Asian conferences, 204
- Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Conference (Cairo, Dec. 1957–Jan. 1958), 8–9, 12
- Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Council, 12,
47
- Ahidjo, Ahmadou, 212
- Akintola, 222
- Aklilou. See
Habtewold, Aklilou.
- Alexander, Maj. Gen. H.T., 313, 322–323
- Algeria (see also French territories; North
Africa), 43, 132–133, 137, 235, 241, 250, 420, 430
- All-African People’s (Pan African) Conference (Accra, Dec. 1958), 40, 46, 63, 208
-
Allen, Arthur B., 191n
, 197–198n
-
Allen, George V., 20, 184, 186–187, 269, 354, 375
-
Alphand, Hervé, 44, 51, 68,
128–129, 468
- Alsop, Stewart, 629
- Amory, Derek Heathcoat. See Heathcoat Amory,
Derek.
-
Anderson, Robert B., 75, 94–95, 97, 111, 152–153, 158, 183–184, 354, 377
- Angola (see also
Africa South of the Sahara; East, Central, and South Africa; Portuguese territories), 6, 15, 58, 62, 90–91, 376
- Arden-Clarke, Charles Noble, 725
- Argentina, 622
- Asbjornson, Mildred, 478n
, 553n
-
Balewa, Abubukar Tafawa, 227–232, 624
-
Barco, James W., 168,
402–405, 542–553, 556–557, 559, 596–600, 608–610
-
Barnes, Nathan, 352–353
- Barrows, Leland, 212–213, 240–242
-
Bartlett, Frederic P., 214
-
Bassompierre, Jean de, 253, 366n
,
512n
- Basutoland. See British territories; High Commission territories.
- Baudouin (King of Belgium), 77, 259, 276n
-
Baum, Robert D., 435n
-
Beard, John, 186
-
Beaudry, Robert M., 385n
- Bechuanaland. See British territories; High Commission territories.
-
Beeley, Harold S., 401–402
-
Behanzin, Louis, 420
- Belgian Congo (see also
Africa South of the Sahara; Congo crisis; East, Central, and South
Africa; Republic of Congo), 47, 85, 89, 95–96, 220, 254, 257, 274–276
- Angola, relations with, 6, 90
- Belgian economic aid, 259, 263, 276
- economic situation, 15, 30, 61, 88–89, 114, 133,
153, 254, 269–270, 274, 276n
- foreign investment, 261, 265
- independence (see also
Congo crisis; Republic
of Congo), 2, 12, 59, 133, 276
- Belgian reform policies, 5–6, 62, 65,
77, 89, 94, 251–263, 267, 272
- nationalist movements, 5, 89, 255–257, 262–266, 263–264, 267n
, 275n
, 275
- INGA project, 254, 265
- Schrijver Plan. See
Belgian reform policies under independence above
.
- separatist movements, 77, 89, 275–276, 278n
- Soviet bloc, relations with, 263–264, 267–268, 271–275, 272
- United States, relations with, 261–267, 272
- U.S. economic aid, 111, 133–134, 138, 152,
259, 262, 265, 267–270, 274–276
- Belgium (see also
Belgian Congo; Belgian
subheadings under other subjects;
Congo crisis; Republic of
Congo; Ruanda-Urundi), 12, 367–368
-
Bell, John O., 110, 113–115, 143, 146n
, 693n
- Ben Aboud, El-Mehdi, 234
- Bérard, Armand, 416
-
Berding, Andrew H., 742
- Berendsen, Ian, 533–534, 544, 568–569, 602
- Beukas, Hans J., 737
- Bing, Geoffrey, 75–76
- Black, Eugene R., 364n
- Blancké, W. Wendell, 218–219
- Blouin, Mme., 420, 528
-
Blue, William L., 392n
, 446n
, 452n
, 473n
, 521n
, 532n
, 566n
, 592n
- Board of National Estimates, 435–442
-
Boggs, Hale, 152
-
Boggs, Marion W., 14n
, 19–22, 73–78, 126–128, 174, 708, 751
- Belgian Congo, 257–258, 274
- Congo crisis, 280, 353, 372–376, 421n
, 442–443, 489–491, 496–497, 508–509, 607, 638–639, 642–643
- West Africa, 93–98, 106–109
-
Bohlen, Charles E., 344,
532n
, 540, 537n
, 549–553, 566n
,
574, 577–581, 592n
, 611n
, 618n
,
630n
, 760–761
- Bolikango, Jean, 404, 418, 472, 561
- Bomans, Jan Baptist, 255
-
Bomboko, Justin (see also
Congo crisis: political situation), 299, 429, 567
- Belgian technicians, 399–400, 625
- caretaker government, 550, 555, 573,
585
-
Kasavubu–Lumumba conflict, 479–482, 489, 502,
506, 518–521, 526n
, 527n
, 529
- political situation, 418, 510, 528
- Soviet bloc, 315, 322–323
- U.N. intervention, 294, 396–397
-
Bourguiba, Habib, 75, 446, 487, 646, 651
- Bowles, Chester, 629
- Bradford, Saxton, 110, 115
- Brand, Vance, 110, 112, 114
-
Breitweiser, Maj. Gen. Robert A., 282n
-
Brewer, William D., 52
- British East Africa (see also British territories;
specific countries), 92–93
- British Somaliland (see also
Somalia), 176, 181, 190, 204
- British territories (see also British East Africa;
specific countries), 15, 19, 30–31,
39, 59, 61
- Brown, L. Dean, 45n
,
415n
, 433n
, 713n
- Budget, U.S. Bureau of the, 96, 99, 111, 136n
-
Buffum, William B., 392n
, 413n
, 446n
, 452n
, 455n
, 493n
- Bull, Gen. Odd, 614, 619, 624
-
Bunche, Ralph J.:
- Congo crisis, 292n
, 313, 322–323, 356n
- Belgian troop withdrawal, 311n
, 329, 334–335, 344, 396, 398
- political situation, 354, 518, 547
- U.N. intervention, 286–287, 289n
, 303, 398, 446, 549
-
Burden, William A. M., 77, 260n
, 262, 267–270, 284–291, 308–309, 330–332, 343, 368n
, 381–385
- Burgess, W. Randolph, 98
-
Burke, Adm. Arleigh A., 95, 98, 184, 186, 346–349, 453–455, 469, 471
-
Byroade, Henry A., 15, 724–726, 730–732
-
Cabell, Lt. Gen. Charles P., 107, 280, 560
-
Caccia, Harold S., 50–52, 640n
, 689–691
- Cairo Afro-Asian Conference. See
Afro-Asian People’s Solidarity Conference
(Cairo).
- Calhoun, Chad F., 669
-
Calhoun, John A., 68n
, 194–195, 381n
, 411n
, 413n
,
452n
, 745n
- Cameroun (see also French territories; French
Tropical Africa; West Africa), 3, 18, 56,
120, 125, 138–139, 212, 637
- communist influence, 12, 18, 56, 502
- United States, relations with, 10, 74, 138, 212, 242,
245
- Canada, 153, 368,
369n
-
Canup, William, 45n
, 278n
, 291,
317n
, 349–351, 386n
, 402–403, 512–514, 570, 581–583, 582–584, 674n
, 679n
, 685n
,
689n
-
Cargo, William I., 303n
, 392n
, 446n
, 488n
, 532n
, 566n
, 584n
, 592n
, 602n
, 605n
, 740n
- Cariappa, Gen., 619
-
Carlier, Georges, 251
- Carlucci, Frank C, III, 322
- Cassilly, Thomas A., 226n
, 378n
, 411n
, 515n
, 693n
, 702n
, 709n
, 711n
, 714n
, 716n
, 718n
- Castro, Fidel, 448
- Central African Republic (see also
French Community), 218, 233
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (see also
Dulles,
Allen
), 179, 503
- Ceylon, 346, 492–493
- Chad (see also
French Community), 218, 233
-
Chadbourn, Philip H., 253n
, 473n
, 517n
, 605n
- Chase, Peter, 378n
- China, People’s Republic of, 12, 49, 110, 132, 135–136, 193, 201–202, 206, 208, 280, 301, 667
- Church, Frank, 722–723
- Cleveland, Stanley M., 262n
, 265n
,
270
- Colonial powers (see also Western Europe; specific countries), 12,
16, 19–20, 28, 39, 69–72, 81
- Commerce, U.S. Department of, 136n
- Commission for Technical Cooperation in Africa South of the Sahara (see also Foundation for Mutual Assistance of Africa
South of the Sahara), 13n
- Committee on Economic Development, 157
- Common Market, 10, 20, 31, 34–35, 39–40, 119, 206
- Commonwealth, 86, 119
- Commonwealth Trade and Economic Conference, 39n
- Conference of Independent African States, 11,
142, 167–168, 455, 651
- Conference of Principal Diplomatic and Consular Officers of North and West
Africa. See
Tangier Conference.
- Congo crisis (see also
Belgian Congo; Republic of Congo (Léopoldville)),
282–284
- Belgian intervention (see also
Belgian troop withdrawal below
), 283–289, 297, 361
- Belgian technicians, 327–328, 353–354, 574,
619, 622
- Congolese position, 399, 429
-
Dayal Report, 566–567, 574, 576
- economic situation and, 318–320, 362
- French position, 499–500
- political situation and, 373–374, 558
- U.N. control proposals and, 441, 551
- U.N. intervention and, 369,
386–389, 397, 420–421, 459, 467
- U.N. policies, 499, 530, 532–534, 538–541, 543–544, 551–553, 564–565, 568–569, 575–581, 615, 624–625
- U.S. position, 382, 474, 564–565, 594, 615
- Belgian troop withdrawal (see also
Katanga secession below
), 353
- African positions, 356, 395
- Belgian position, 305, 308–310, 326, 329, 337–338, 340, 369, 442, 452, 516
- British position, 308
- Congolese position, 310, 323, 358, 361–363, 365, 399–400, 434
- French position, 308, 333, 498–499
- Ghanaian position, 390–392
-
Hammarskjöld
position, 371, 396, 398, 404, 458–459, 466–467, 470
- Katanga secession and, 340,
342, 382–383, 386–387, 393, 458
- Soviet position, 324, 334–335, 341–342, 381, 496
- Tunisian position, 305–306, 324
- U.N. base occupation proposal, 383, 473
- U.N. Security Council meetings, 346, 393–394
- U.S. airlift assistance, 343–344, 452, 459
- U.S. position, 327–328, 334–336, 341–342, 381–383, 393, 399n
, 411–412, 425–427
- Board of National Estimates memorandum, 435–442
- British position, 401–402, 495,
500
- caretaker government proposals, 550–551, 554–555, 558–559, 573, 584–588, 603–605, 615,
617, 620–621, 626, 632,
634
- confederation proposals (see also round
table meeting proposals below), 350, 353,
357, 407–408, 410, 423,
440, 474, 488, 500, 510, 533n
, 569, 575
- Congolese position, 360–361
- food shortages, 294, 296, 298–299, 301,
308–310,
322, 354
- French position, 334, 483–484
-
Kasavubu–Lumumba conflict (see also
Ghana-Guinea-UAR
support under Lumumba government below
; round table meeting
proposals below), 457, 459–464, 468,
471–472,
475–476,
478n
, 497, 581–583
- African positions, 501, 527
- Belgian position, 460, 508, 521–523
- Belgian role, 477, 596–597
- French role, 477
-
Hammarskjöld
position, 524, 529–530
-
Kasavubu position,
471–472, 486, 504–505
- Lumumba position, 477, 480
- Tripartite discussions, 498
- U.N. General Assembly representation and, 580, 589–591, 597, 615
- U.N. good offices commission proposals, 482–483, 530, 536, 539
- U.N. intervention and, 464,
466, 475–476
- U.N. policies, 464, 466, 475–476, 484–485, 520–521n
, 530–532, 534–536, 539–547, 556–557, 587, 597
- U.N. representation and, 479–483, 489, 502, 506, 541, 559, 580–583, 589–591, 597, 615
- U.N. Security Council sessions and, 479–483, 489, 502, 506
- U.S. position, 508–509, 523, 542–543
- Katanga secession (see also
Belgian technicians above
), 274, 277–279, 291, 310
- African positions, 356, 512–514
- armed struggle, possible, 438
- Belgian position, 310–311, 369, 574–575
- Belgian support (see also
Belgian technicians and Belgian troop withdrawal above
), 316,
329, 338, 345, 350, 362, 397, 438, 458–459, 474, 513, 52, 543–544, 548, 551
- confederation proposals and, 353, 357, 500
- Ghanaian position, 391
- Guinean position, 438
-
Hammarskjöld
position, 445, 548
- Lumumba position, 362, 468, 486
- Parliament reconvention proposals and, 550
- political situation and, 331,
344–345, 349–351, 581–583
- Soviet bloc influence and, 458–459
- Soviet military intervention proposals and, 349
- Soviet position, 438
- tribal rivalries and, 389
- U.N. good offices commission proposals, 482–483
- U.N. guarantee proposal, 398–399
- U.N. policies, 412–414, 429, 433, 513, 532n
, 570, 577
- U.N. public security division agreement, 533–534, 539, 544
- U.N. troops, admission of, 312, 317, 344–345, 370, 385–386, 402–403
- Belgian position, 326,
338, 369, 386–387, 397–398
- Congolese position, 397
- French position, 333–334, 415–416
-
Hammarskjöld
position, 321, 371, 392n
, 396–398, 402–404
-
Tshombé
position, 344–345, 402–403, 570
- U.S. policy toward, 456–457, 512–514, 568–570, 582–584, 600–601
- U.S. position, 317–318, 331, 345, 423–424, 43, 440, 50, 523, 54, 601–602, 615
- Lumumba arrest, 506–507, 509,
518–521,
523–531,
524, 526–527, 547–548, 611–612, 616–618, 621–622, 642
- Lumumba government (see also
caretaker government proposals above
;
Kasavubu–Lumumba conflict above
; Parliament reconvention proposals below
; political situation below
; Stanleyville secession below
; U.N. intervention: Congolese opposition below
), 310, 327, 359n
, 366n
, 367n
, 408, 410,
441, 477, 497, 575
- Ghana-Guinea-UAR support, 437,
439, 501, 510, 534, 541, 563, 593
- Ghanaian position, 665–666
-
Kasavubu–Lumumba conflict and, 501–502, 504, 539
-
Mobutu coup and, 509, 527–528
- Soviet bloc influence and, 419–420
- U.N. policies and, 445, 553–554, 557
- U.S. policies and, 433, 507, 509, 536, 572
-
Hammarskjöld
position, 537–538
- Katanga secession and, 331,
349–351
- Lumumba assassination plots, 435n
, 437
- possible opposition, 404, 407, 410, 418, 437, 444, 449
- Soviet bloc economic aid and, 439
- Soviet bloc influence (see also
Soviet bloc military aid below
; U.S. intervention proposals below
), 376,
455–456, 458, 472, 477, 510, 587–588
[Page 768]
- Belgian position, 267n
, 276, 314–315, 314–316, 355
- Congolese position, 263–264, 355, 430
- U.S. position, 280,
330, 338–339, 342, 355–356, 409, 437, 441–443, 448, 486, 563, 592–593
- Soviet position, 408, 419
- U.N. policies, 404, 465–469, 540, 565, 577–578, 587, 596
- U.S. intervention proposals, 549–550
- U.S. policy toward, 275–277, 330–332, 342, 408–410, 419, 432, 437–440, 455, 564, 573
- covert action, 443,
503
- Lumumba assassination proposals, 421n
- U.S. position, 484, 486, 501, 504
- Mobutu role, 489–490, 494–495, 497–498, 503n
, 505,
509–511,
516, 525, 527, 622
- assassination attempts, 494,
539, 549
- caretaker government, 561,
573, 585, 587, 604–605, 620
-
Hammarskjöld
position, 530, 549, 559
- Orientale Province. See
Stanleyville secession below
.
- Parliament reconvention proposals, 527, 539–540, 549–550, 575,
585, 587–588, 618
- political situation (see also
Kasavubu–Lumumba conflict above
; Lumumba government above
; Mobutu
role above
), 276, 563–564
- round table meeting proposals (see also
confederation proposals above
), 487–488, 510–512, 517,
533n
, 595, 598–599, 601,
604
- Senegalese position, 248
- South Kasai separatist movement, 404n
, 438,
442
- Soviet bloc military aid, 446–447, 453–454, 466, 472,
483–484
- U.N. responses, 458, 461–462, 465, 467–468, 470, 482, 490–491, 493
- U.S. responses, 454, 456, 484, 487
- Soviet bloc withdrawal, 491, 497, 516
- Soviet military intervention proposals, 309, 315–317, 320,
322–327,
329, 335, 341, 343, 346–349, 354,
373, 381, 449–450
- Soviet position, 297, 622
- Soviet role in, 325, 334, 342,
355–356,
531, 609
- Stanleyville secession, 592–593, 597, 605–609, 627n
, 630–631, 638–642, 639, 642–643
- strategic importance, 425–426
- tripartite discussions, 415–416, 498–500, 631–635
- U.N.-channeled economic aid, 363–365, 368,
372, 374–375, 378–380, 391, 406,
470
- U.N. control proposals, 423, 43, 440–441, 551,
563
- U.N. General Assembly sessions, 495–496, 500–501, 550–551, 581n
, 591–592, 635–636, 639–640
- U.N. intervention (see also
Katanga secession above
; U.N. General Assembly
sessions above
; U.N. responses under Soviet bloc
military aid above
; U.N. Security Council sessions below
; U.S. intervention
proposals below
)
- Advisory Committee, 435, 559n
, 596
- African positions, 149, 637–638
- Afro-Asian positions, 614
- Afro-Asian troop withdrawals, 619, 624–625, 639
- airport and radio control, 455–456, 461, 465, 470, 474, 477, 478n
, 479, 482, 485, 492, 572
- army training, 292–293, 374, 419–420, 430, 456, 504
- Belgian policies, 628
- Belgian position, 311, 328, 523–524
- Belgian technicians and, 387,
397, 420–421, 459
- British position, 614
- cease-fire, 484–485
- command, 293, 321–322
- Conciliation Commission, 559–560, 579–580, 581n
, 591, 595–596, 600, 610, 626, 628, 641–643
- Congolese National Army conflicts, 549, 557, 594, 598–599, 602–603, 608, 628
- Congolese opposition (see also
troop withdrawal below), 420–424, 431, 433–434, 437, 444–445
-
Dayal discussions,
627–629
-
Dayal replacement
proposals, 572, 593, 596, 612–615, 619, 623
-
Dayal Report, 566–567, 574
- equipment, 307
- Ethiopian troops, 195–196, 203–204, 597, 606, 633
- financing, 153, 301–302, 340–341, 376–378
- Force Publique disarmament proposals, 423, 444n
, 445, 451–452, 454–456, 482, 486
- French position, 302, 307, 406
- Ghanaian position, 663–665
- Ghanaian troops, 469, 484, 48, 509, 531, 549–550, 557
- good offices commission proposals, 482–483, 530, 536, 539, 550–551, 555–556
- Guinean position, 515–516
- Guinean troops, 321, 376, 445, 468, 497, 509, 531
-
Hammarskjöld
discussions, 295–298, 607–608, 610–611
-
Kasavubu–Lumumba conflict and (see also
good offices commission proposal above
), 464, 466, 475–476, 484–485
- Malian position, 245n
, 246
- political unit proposal, 626
- Soviet bloc participation, 303
- Soviet position, 300–301, 396–397, 405, 445, 448, 479, 485, 492, 531, 540, 57, 614
- Soviet proposed amendments, 306–307, 311
- Stanleyville incident, 448,
450–451, 453–455
- Stanleyville secession and, 593, 608–609, 627n
, 633, 640–641
- troop makeup, 303, 307, 321, 363, 376, 383, 38, 404, 414, 416, 420, 550
- troop withdrawal (see also
Congolese opposition above
), 413–414, 422–424, 431–433, 436–438, 437–438, 444–445, 448–450, 469, 476
-
UAR troops, 484, 486, 497, 509, 531, 557, 619, 624, 641
- U.N. courts control, 482, 486
- U.S.-British démarche, 613–616, 618–619, 623–626
- U.S.-British draft resolution, 622, 636–638
- U.S.-Hammarskjöld
discussion, 546–553
- U.S. participation, 293–294, 302–303, 328–329, 339–340, 343, 363
- U.S. position, 148, 286–288, 594, 614–616, 643–644
- U.S. support planning, 449–450, 571–573
- U.N. Security Council sessions, 301, 305–307, 3, 346, 392–393, 401–402, 434–435, 469,
621–622
-
Kasavubu–Lumumba conflict and, 479–482, 479–483, 489, 502, 506, 540
- Lumumba U.S. trip, 34, 351–354, 359–368, 372
- U.S. policies, 303–304, 334–336, 341–342, 393–394, 413–415, 476, 481–483
- U.S. intervention proposals, 449–450, 469, 484,
549–550,
573, 644
- U.S. observer proposal, 458–460
- U.S. policies, 367–368, 381–385, 471,
600
- U.S. statement proposal, 356
- Congo Republic. See
Congo crisis; Republic of
Congo; Republic of Congo
(Brazzaville).
- Congress, U.S., 23, 154
- acts of:
- Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (P.L.
480), 84,
124, 237, 294, 696–697, 711n
- Economic Cooperation Act (1948)
(P.L.
472), 150
- Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act (1954), 238n
-
P.L.
85-524, 23
- U.N. Participation Act (1945)
(P.L.
264), 329, 340
-
Conseil de l’Entente (see
also Dahomey; Ivory Coast; Niger; Upper Volta), 216–217, 235, 237, 240–241
-
Cook, Charles D., 457–460, 464–468, 640–642
-
Coolidge, Harold Jefferson, 429
- Cooper, Chester L., 435n
-
Cooper, Henry Ford, 168
- Coote, Wendell B., 502n
, 566n
, 568n
-
Cordier, Andrew W., 327n
, 352–353
- Congo crisis:
- political situation, 458, 464, 477, 518, 536n
, 585n
- U.N. intervention, 289n
, 396, 414, 445–446, 536n
, 540, 557
- Corea, Claude, 492
- Comélis, Gen. Henri, 267n
- Council on Foreign Economic Policy (CFEP), 14n
-
Couve de Murville, Maurice, 128–136, 632, 634–635, 672–673
-
Crowe, Philip K., 732–734, 738, 743–744, 747–748, 750, 752–753
- Cumming, Hugh S., Jr., 355–356, 640–642, 643n
-
Cutler, Gen. Robert, 16
- Czechoslovakia. See
Soviet bloc; Soviet bloc
subheadings under other subjects.
- Da Cunha, Vasco T. Letao, 725
- Dacko, David, 218
- Daddah, Mocktar Ould, 234n
, 244, 249–250
- Dadzie, 353
- Dahomey (see also
French Community), 118, 215–217,
223, 233, 235–236, 240n
-
d’Aspremont-Lynden, Harold, 397
- Davis, Richard H., 343
-
Dayal, Rajeshwar (see also U.N. subheadings under Congo crisis), 506
- appointment, 405, 446
- Congo crisis, 510, 530, 549,
560, 564, 602, 617, 627n
- replacement proposals, 572, 593, 596,
612–614,
619, 623
- Report on Congo, 566–567, 574,
576
-
De Gaulle, Charles, 18, 44, 53, 68–69, 71–72, 95, 132–133, 154, 250, 406, 747
- de la Chevalerie, Daufresne, 533
- de Schrijver, Auguste, 260n
, 266–267, 269–270, 288, 290, 295
- Dean, John Gunther, 226n
- Dean, Sir Patrick, 640–642
- Debré, Michel, 50, 129n
, 132–133
- Defense, U.S. Department of, 53, 136n
, 151, 284n
, 328, 427n
, 571, 756–758
-
Dejean, Maurice, 233
- Denny, Adm. Sir Michael, 51
-
Depi, Georges, 276
- Deressa, Yilma, 142
- Detribalization, 2–3,
36
- Detwiler, Edgar, 353–354, 358, 364–365, 428–429
- Development Assistance Group (DAG), 105
- Development Loan Fund (DLF), 13, 39, 53, 96, 10, 102, 111–112, 114, 136n
, 140, 158, 697
- Devlin, Lawrence R., 313–314
- Dia, Mamadou, 226, 246–249
-
Diallo, Joseph, 673n
-
Diallo, Saifoulaye, 694
-
Diallo, Telli, 378, 395n
, 675n
, 680–687, 709–712, 714–715, 717–721
-
Dillon, C. Douglas, 219, 221, 232–233, 277n
, 554n
- Africa:
- multilateral economic aid, 96, 107–108, 111, 116, 148, 150
- U.S. economic aid, 133–134, 156–157, 188–189, 197–198, 236–238, 245–246, 365–366, 657n
, 707–714, 721n
- U.S. military aid, 148–149, 154, 158–159, 192
- U.S. policy toward, 126–127, 147–149, 151–152
- Africa South of the Sahara, U.S. economic aid, 99, 109–112, 116
- Belgian Congo, 13, 149, 153,
253–254,
258–260,
262, 266
- Congo crisis, 364–366, 415–416, 541,
568–570
- Belgian troop withdrawal, 411–412, 427n
- Lumumba arrest, 523, 525–529, 611–612
- Lumumba government, 367n
, 421n
, 605–606
- political situation, 502–503, 517, 540, 603–605
- Soviet bloc, relations with, 446–447, 490, 497, 540
- U.N.-channeled economic aid, 363–365, 374–375, 416–417
- U.N. intervention, 376–378, 413–415, 422–424, 433–434, 450–451, 602–603
- Guinea, 158, 693, 707–714, 721n
- newly independent countries, 149–150, 226–227, 236–238
- Union of South Africa, 734–735, 739–741
- Diomi, Gaston, 255
- Diori, Hamani, 216, 236n
- Djin, Amb., 420, 549
-
Dolgin, George, 99n
, 707n
- Dorros, Leon, 45
-
Douglas, James H., 74, 161n
, 165, 311, 425n
, 462, 571
- Drake (correspondent), 428
- du Plessis, W.C., 734–735
- DuBois, W.E.B., 137
-
Dulles, Allen, 157, 183–187, 257–258, 274, 376, 708, 751
- Congo crisis, 280, 310–311, 516
-
Kasavubu–Lumumba conflict, 460–461, 509–510, 527–529, 539
- Katanga secession, 424, 43, 541
- Lumumba government, 338–339, 342, 423, 442–443, 503, 510
- political situation, 353–354, 442, 489–490, 496, 510
- Soviet bloc, relations with, 309, 341, 354, 490–491, 497
- Stanleyville secession, 607,
638–639, 642–643
- U.N. intervention, 309–310, 375–376, 539
-
Dulles, John Foster, 11, 18, 40n
, 41, 42n
, 44–45, 74–76, 95
- Dumont, Donald A., 213, 673n
, 674n
, 675–678
-
Durnan, James J., 757n
- East, Central, and South Africa (see also
Africa South of the Sahara; British territories;
French territories; French Tropical Africa; specific
countries), 58–68, 73–93
- communist influence, 67, 80, 82
- economic situation, 66–67, 74, 79
- independence, 58–67, 79–82
- political situation, 55–56, 74–76, 79
- U.S. policy toward, 74–76, 79, 81–84
- Egypt. See
United Arab Republic.
-
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 4, 53, 74–77, 152, 160, 167, 183–184, 196
- Belgian Congo, 257–258
- Congo crisis, 279, 295–296, 300–302, 328–329, 354, 374,
37, 406,
411–412,
421n
, 424, 451n
, 495,
500–501,
600
- Ethiopia, 192, 196–197
- French community, 68,
70, 154
- Ghana, 645–652, 657–658, 661–662
- Guinea, 70, 212, 687, 698–702, 717
- Mauritania, 249–250
- newly independent countries, 20, 70, 155, 212–219, 226–227, 233,
234n
, 244
- Nigeria, 228–232
- Togo, 223–225
- Union of South Africa, 741–742, 745–747, 749,
751
- U.S. economic aid to Africa, 19, 21, 70, 77, 117, 154, 157,
196–197,
216, 236–238, 657–658, 661–662
- West Africa, 95–98, 108
-
Eisenhower, John S.D., 195–197, 223–225, 227n
, 228–230, 293–295, 399n
, 411n
, 484–486, 495, 657n
- Eliot, Theodore, Jr., 233
-
Emmerson, John K., 219–222
- Eritrea, 190–191,
200
- Ethiopia, 1, 8, 168, 190, 202, 210–211
- Congo crisis, 195–196, 203–204, 321,
597, 606, 609, 633
- Greater Somalia proposal, 181–182, 188,
200–201,
203, 205
- political situation, 175–176, 185,
190, 202, 210–211, 633
- Somalia, relations with, 9, 135, 181,
188–190,
200–201,
205, 209
- Soviet bloc, relations with, 8, 47, 176, 185–187, 190, 203,
210
- United States, relations with, 9, 180–181, 185–186, 191–192, 194–197, 203–204, 207, 210
- European Common Market. See
Common Market.
- Export-Import Bank, 100, 102, 112, 158, 163
- Eyskens, Gaston, 254n
,
401
- Fall, Mamadou, 293
- Fawzi, Mahmoud, 557, 624
- Federation of French Equatorial Africa. See French
Equatorial Africa.
- Federation of French West Africa. See French West
Africa.
- Federation of Mali. See
Mali Federation.
- Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (see also
Africa South of the Sahara; British territories;
East, Central, and South Africa; Rhodesia),
5, 10, 59, 63–65, 85–86, 90–92, 750n
- Feld, Nicholas, 734n
-
Ferguson, C. Vaughan, Jr., 71n
, 128n
, 240–241, 245n
, 258n
, 260n
, 271n
, 277n
, 303n
, 317n
, 333n
, 359n
, 378n
, 392n
, 433n
, 435n
, 446n
, 455n
, 473n
, 481n
, 488n
, 517n
, 525n
, 602n
, 605n
, 611n
, 618n
, 667n
, 670n
, 680n
, 684n
, 713–714n
, 729n
, 734n
- Fessenden, Russell, 473n
- FitzGerald, Dennis A., 693n
-
Flake, Wilson C., 239–240, 271n
, 390–392, 395n
, 488n
, 654–661, 666–667, 669
- Fleck, Benjamin A., 618n
- Fleming, Marcia M., 729n
-
Floyd, Avra C., Jr., 245–246n
-
Fomin, Andrei A., 422
- Foote, Wilder, 327n
- Foundation for Mutual Assistance in Africa South of the Sahara (FAMA), 10, 13
- France (see also Colonial powers; France, French, and tripartite subheadings under other subjects;
French territories), 69–70, 138–139, 208–209, 282, 477
- Guinea, 69–72, 240, 671–673, 678–679, 686, 692,
700–701,
704–705,
713–714
- United States, relations with, 12, 19–20, 68–70, 128–136
-
Franke, William B., 541
- Free Republic of the Congo (Stanleyville) (see also
Congo crisis: Stanleyville secession), 627n
- Freeman, Tony, 272–274, 309
- Freers, Edward L., 343
- French Camerouns. See Cameroun.
- French Community (see also French Equatorial
Africa; French territories; French Tropical Africa; French West Africa; Newly independent countries; West Africa), 56, 72–73, 130, 134–135,
167
- Constitution revision and, 4, 18, 130n
, 131,
670
- French economic aid, 119, 14, 149–150, 235
- Guinean withdrawal, 69–72, 119, 132
- United States, relations with, 131–133, 144, 154,
216–217,
236–238,
243–244
- U.S.-French discussions, 68–70
- French Equatorial Africa (see also
French Community; French territories; French
Tropical Africa; West Africa), 3, 10, 15,
18, 134
- French Republic of Congo. See
Republic of Congo (Brazzaville).
- French Somaliland (see also
Somalia: Greater Somalia proposal), 176, 181–182, 208–210
- French territories (see also
French Community; specific
countries and areas), 2–4, 12, 18–19, 30–31, 47
- French Tropical Africa (see also
French Community; French territories), 17–18
- French West Africa (see also
French Community; French territories; French
Tropical Africa; West Africa), 3–4, 10,
18
- Freund, Richard B., 284
- Gabon (see also
French Community), 120, 219, 233
- Gaillard, Felix, 3n
- Galo Plaza, Lasso, 445–446
- Gambia. See British territories; West Africa.
- Ganshof, Walter J., 290
- Garvey, Marcus, 137
-
Gates, Thomas S., Jr., 127–128, 153–154, 156–158, 186, 340–342, 346, 425, 453
- Gbedemah, H.K., 241, 657n
, 658
- Geleé, Gen. Max, 50
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 35
- Gerard-Libois, J., 290n
- Gerig, O. Benjamin, 724, 740n
- Ghana (see also
West Africa), 37, 48, 168, 241, 271–274, 417, 652, 752, 757
- Chinese People’s Republic, relations with, 12, 667
- Congo crisis (see also
Ghana-Guinea-UAR
support under Congo crisis: Lumumba
government), 285, 352–353, 378–380, 389–392, 487, 663–665, 667–668
- political situation, 419–420, 422, 433, 488
- U.N. intervention, 310, 313, 396, 404–405, 432, 484, 581n
, 591
- economic situation, 30, 120, 158,
648
- political situation, 55, 75, 126, 241
- Soviet bloc, relations with, 8, 12, 29, 161–162, 220–221, 652, 658–660, 662,
665, 669
- United States, relations with, 13, 27, 161, 645–657, 662–665
- U.S. economic aid, 12–13, 3, 158, 220–221, 648–650, 657–658, 660–661, 666–667
- Gheysen, Gen. Roger A., 322
-
Gizenga, Antoine (see also
Congo crisis: Stanleyville secession), 399–400, 410, 418, 494, 509, 535, 549, 560
- Gleason, S. Everett, 13n
, 14–16,
23–24, 181–186
- Glenn, E.S., 249n
-
Good, Robert, 172
-
Goodpaster, Brig. Gen. Andrew J.,
68n
, 194, 236n
, 293, 328n
, 377n
, 379n
, 674n
, 741, 745n
, 749
-
Grant, William B., 571n
-
Gray, Gordon, 77, 147, 151–152, 154, 158, 173, 184, 186
- Africa South of the Sahara, 19, 21
- Congo crisis, 312, 339–341, 354, 373,
376, 407, 461–462, 497, 540–541
- East, Central, and South Africa, 73–74, 76–77
- West Africa, 93–94, 96–98, 107
- Greece, 447n
- Green, Howard C., 368, 369n
-
Grimes, Joseph R., 740n
-
Grimes, Rudolph, 163,
167
-
Gromyko, Andrei A., 343
- Grootaert, 427–428, 430
- Gross, Ernest, 753
- Guinea (see also
West Africa), 119–120, 132, 236–237, 241, 275, 682
- Chinese People’s Republic, relations with, 110, 132
- communist influence, 48–49, 56, 69–72
- Congo crisis (see also
Ghana-Guinea-UAR
support under Congo crisis: Lumumba
government), 32, 352, 378,
389, 419–420, 559
- France, relations with, 240, 686, 692,
700–701,
704–705
- independence, 39, 48–49, 212, 252
- political situation, 55, 240
-
Sékou Touré U.S. visit, 683, 687–689, 693–706
- Soviet bloc, relations with, 47, 49, 684–686, 689–692, 694
- United States, relations with, 680–682, 696, 718–721
- U.S. development of aluminum, 158
- U.S. economic aid, 95, 113, 125,
134, 138–139, 14, 681, 683, 687,
695–696,
705–706,
709
- French position, 69–72, 713–714
- Konkoure Dam, 710–718, 720, 722–723
-
P.L.
450, 696–697, 711n
- Technical Cooperation Agreement, 695, 703–704, 707–708
- U.S. policy toward, 125, 149, 161–162, 165–166, 684,
693, 708
- U.S. recognition, 72, 212, 670–680, 678–679
- Gullion, Edmund A., 167n
- Gutt, Camille, 325–328
- Habtewold, Aklilou, 195–197
- Hadsel, Fred, 736n
-
Hager, Eric H., 329n
-
Haile Selassie I (Emperor of
Ethiopia), 182, 185,
194–195, 202–203
-
Hammarskjöld, Dag (see also U.N. subheadings under other subjects), 153
- Congo crisis, 292n
, 298, 404, 458–460
- Belgian technicians, 530, 532–534, 538–541, 543–544, 551–553
- Belgian troop withdrawal, 311n
, 369, 382–383, 386–387, 396, 398, 459, 466–467, 470
- Congolese National Army role, 549, 557
- good offices commission proposals, 530, 550–551
-
Kasavubu–Lumumba conflict, 457, 459, 466, 485, 506–508, 524, 529–532, 537–538, 596–597
- Katanga secession, 321, 369, 371, 386–387, 389–390, 396–399, 402–404, 458–459, 530, 532–534, 538–541
- Lumumba arrest, 611n
, 612n
- Lumumba government, 465–467, 528, 556
- Parliament reconvention proposals, 550
- political situation, 444, 558–559
- Soviet bloc influence, 458–459, 468–469
- Soviet bloc military aid, 458,
461–462, 466–467, 470
- Soviet military intervention, possible, 320, 322
- Stanleyville secession, 640–641
- U.N.-channeled economic aid, 363, 365, 465, 485
- U.N. intervention, 289n
, 295–301, 321–322, 434–435, 607–608
- airport control, 477,
478n
, 479
- Conciliation Commission, 559–560, 595–596, 641–642
- Congolese opposition, 422–424, 444–446
- financing, 302, 377–378
- Katanga secession and, 321, 369, 371, 386–387, 389–390, 396–398, 402–404, 412–413
- U.S.-British démarche, 623–626
-
Hare, Raymond, 110, 114, 234n
, 262, 270n
, 277n
, 298n
,
413n
, 433n
, 449–450, 630n
, 654–657, 667n
, 755–756
- Harr, Karl G., Jr., 11n
-
Harrar, J. George, 104n
- Harriman, W. Averell, 219–220, 230–231, 471–472, 477–478, 486–487, 629, 722
-
Haskins, Charles A., 192n
, 406–407
-
Heathcoat Amory, Derick, 311
-
Henderson, Horace E., 317n
-
Henderson, Loy W., 162–165, 233, 239–240, 242–244, 271, 600n
, 601n
, 630–631
-
Herter, Christian A., 52, 129, 135, 142, 161n
, 163n
, 191, 224, 661, 680n
- Africa South of the Sahara, 20, 71
- Algeria, 132
- arms control, 167–170
- Belgian Congo, 257–258, 261,
277–279
- Congo crisis, 325, 364, 540,
631–635
- Belgian technicians, 327–328, 474, 532–534, 539–541, 566–567, 578, 581, 594
- Belgian troop withdrawal, 305,
308–309, 326–329, 333–335, 340–341, 452, 473
-
Kasavubu–Lumumba conflict, 506–508, 507, 524, 537–538, 554
- Katanga secession, 310–312, 317–318, 326, 333–334, 344–345, 385–390, 452–453, 456–457, 473–474, 532–534, 539–541, 577
- Lumumba government, 339, 355, 359n
, 376, 409–410, 508–509, 528, 592–593
- political situation, 354, 474, 48, 525, 554–555, 575, 584–586, 595
- Soviet bloc, relations with, 315–317, 325–327, 341, 343, 346n
, 355, 373, 449, 461–462, 493–494
- U.N.-channeled economic aid, 365, 368, 378–380, 406
- U.N. General Assembly session, 493–494, 662–663, 667–668
- U.N. intervention, 295–298, 300–301, 303, 406, 455–456, 478n
, 479, 488, 566–567, 579–580, 618–619
[Page 775]
- army training, 292–293
- Belgian troop withdrawal and, 305, 308–309, 327
- financing, 301–302, 340–341, 377–378
- good offices commission proposals,
482–483, 556–557
- Katanga secession and, 312, 326, 333–334, 344–345, 370, 385–386, 385–390, 457, 473–474
- U.S. participation, 295–296, 299, 302–303, 328–329, 339–340, 343, 571
- U.N. Security Council sessions, 303–304, 327, 329, 334–336, 341–342, 344, 479–483
- U.S.-Belgian relations and, 367–368, 381–384
- U.S. economic aid, 298–299, 301, 366
- French Community, 71, 131–132, 134
- Guinea, 670–671, 680–682, 684,
687–689,
702–706,
713–715,
718–721
- Ivory Coast, 216–217
- newly independent countries, 184, 233, 236n
- Senegal, 246–249
- Somali Republic, 215
- Somalia, 188–189
- Sudan, 173–174
- Union of South Africa, 133, 726, 729–730, 736–737, 741–742, 749,
751, 757–760
- United Nations, 247–248
- West Africa, 93–97
- Herz, Martin F., 143n
,
165n
, 170n
, 493n
, 630n
, 740n
- High Commission territories (see also
Africa South of the Sahara; British territories;
East, Central, and South Africa), 4–5, 88, 732
- Hoffman, Paul, 225
- Hofmann, Paul, 627n
- Holmes, Julius C., 1–11
-
Home, Lord, 495, 631–635
- Hope, A. Guy, 433n
- Horn of Africa (see also
Ethiopia; Somalia), 175–177, 181–185, 189–191
- Soviet bloc, relations with, 176, 180, 190,
201–202,
209
-
UAR influence, 180, 190,
201–202,
209
- U.S. policy toward, 10, 180–182, 186–187, 191–192, 198–211
- Houghton, Amory, 282, 671n
- Houphouet-Boigny, Felix, 3, 68–70, 69–70, 72,
216n
, 218, 220, 235–236, 240
-
Hoyer Millar, Frederick, 498–500, 632n
, 633
- Hussein, Mohammed, 8
-
Hyde, James N., 740
-
Iléo, Joseph (see
also
Congo crisis: political situation), 372, 404, 418, 444, 458, 490, 558
- caretaker government proposals, 558,
561, 585, 587
-
Kasavubu–Lumumba conflict and, 457, 461,
464, 468, 479, 485, 504–505, 540,
547
- India, 65, 156,
559, 596, 610, 614, 623–624
- Indonesia, 469
- Inter-River Economic Survey, 205
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
(IBRD), 31n
, 105, 113, 153, 158, 183, 362, 364–365, 657, 715, 718
- International Committee of the Red Cross, 616n
, 622
- International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, 29
- International Cooperation Administration (ICA) (see also
U.S. economic aid under other subjects), 13, 39, 53, 112, 136n
, 157, 216–217, 712
- International Court of Justice (ICJ) (see also
United Nations), 87,
739
- International Development Association (IDA), 105, 113
- International Monetary Fund (IMF), 105, 113, 362, 364
- Ipoto, Martin, 567
- Ireland, 624
-
Irwin, John N., II, 427n
, 450–452, 756n
- Islam, 7–8, 37
- Islamic Republic of Mauritania. See
Mauritania.
- Israel, 651
- Issa, Abdullahi, 198n
- Italy (see also Italian Somaliland; Somalia), 134, 188–189, 197–198, 206–207, 211, 622
- Ivory Coast (see also
French Community), 69,
118, 216–221, 235–236, 541
- Jacobs, J. Roland, 214
- Janssens, Gen., 360
-
Johnson, Maj. Gen. D. V., 53
-
Johnson, Robert H., 147–159, 309–312, 338–342, 421–424, 460–462, 527–529, 539–542, 560
- Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 21, 52–53, 97–98, 107, 161–162, 165–166
-
Joxe, Louis, 44–45, 48–51, 671n
- Junkermann, Col., 162, 164
- Kaiser, Edgar, 660, 669
- Kalonji, Albert, 404, 418, 472, 617
- Kandolo, 535
- Kanza, Daniel, 256
-
Kanza, Thomas, 322–323, 336–337, 352, 358, 396–397, 399–400, 480–481, 487, 489, 530
-
Kasavubu, Joseph (see also
Congo crisis), 214,
275, 279, 309n
, 323, 361, 567–568, 594
- Belgium, 255–257, 29, 313–314, 361, 625
- caretaker government, 550, 5, 558–559, 573
- political situation, 280, 316, 323,
330, 332, 404, 410, 424, 432, 444,
509
- U.N. intervention, 288–289, 300,
310, 595–596, 610
- Kashamura, Anicet, 276, 285, 330, 355, 410, 420, 430
- Katanga secession. See under
Congo crisis.
- Keita, Fodeba, 675
- Keita, Modibo, 213, 226, 240, 245
- Kellogg, Edmund H., 167n
, 170n
-
Kennedy, John F. (see also
Harriman, W. Averell), 172, 219, 221, 471n
,
486, 722n
- Kenya (see also
Africa South of the Sahara; British East Africa;
East, Central, and South Africa; Pan-African Freedom Movement of East and Central
Africa), 8, 41, 64–65,
92–93, 129, 176, 208
- Kettani, Gen., 293, 321, 403, 430, 456, 535, 559, 572
- Khalil, Abdullah, 9, 173–174, 178
-
Khrushchev, Nikita, 49, 101, 132, 297, 309, 315, 487, 525, 540, 577, 665
- Kibwe, 602
- Kimba, Evariste, 513, 582
- Knight, Robert H., 194n
, 453n
, 755n
- Kohler, Foy D., 52, 455n
, 537n
, 745n
- Korn, David A., 643n
- Krebs, Max V., 23, 506n
- Kretzmann, Edwin M.J., 684n
, 714n
- Kuznetsov, Vasili Vasilievich, 405, 458
- Lansdale, Lt. Col. Edward G., 75
- Latin America, 156
- Lavallee, Jerome R., 255–257, 313–314, 428
-
Lay, James S., Jr., 74, 126–127, 159n
, 179, 198–199, 346n
- Lebel, Claude, 71n
-
Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., 159, 161–162, 165, 469–470
- Lennox-Boyd, Alan, 182n
- Leopold II, 5
- Levine, Irving, 629
- Lewis, Samuel W., 197n
- Liberia (see also
West Africa), 16, 29, 48, 167–168, 241, 691–692, 700, 740
- Congo crisis, 352–353, 378
- economic situation, 1, 30, 120
- United States, relations with, 13, 16, 3, 95, 125, 162–165
- Libya, 8–10, 96, 125, 168–169
- Linner, Sture, 397–398, 603
- Liu, F.T., 464
-
Lloyd, Rupert A., 235–236
-
Lodge, Henry Cabot, 43–44, 742
- Congo crisis, 358–359, 447n
- Belgian troop withdrawal, 305,
308, 311n
, 324, 337, 393n
, 396, 398, 399n
- Belgium, relations with, 336–338, 357–358, 397, 399–400
- Katanga secession, 321, 338, 396–399
- Soviet military intervention proposals, 320, 322, 324
- U.N. intervention, 300, 301n
, 302, 321–322, 338, 344, 351–353, 396–398, 401–402, 424, 432–433, 444–446
- nationalist movements, 40, 42n
-
Loi-Cadre of 1956, 3–4
- Long, Edward T., 197n
,
631n
- Looram, Matthew, 45, 670–671n
, 674n
-
Lord, Mrs. Oswald B., 599
- Loridan, Walter, 305
-
Louw, Eric H., 724n
, 727n
, 729–732, 736–737, 744, 752–753, 757–760
-
Lucet, Charles, 498–500, 631–635, 678n
- Lukens, Alan W., 218–219, 282
- Lumbala, 323
-
Lumumba, Louis, 593
-
Lumumba, Patrice (see also
Belgian Congo; Congo
crisis), 149, 151, 153, 220, 272, 274–275, 280, 360–361, 376, 494–495
- Belgium, relations with, 263, 299, 310,
313–314,
323, 357–358, 361–363, 365
- Soviet military intervention proposals, 309n
, 323, 327, 354
- U.N. intervention, 288–289, 300,
374, 396–397, 412–414, 434, 448
- U.N. trip, 344, 351–354, 359–368
- U.S.-Congolese relations, 262–266, 281,
358–359,
363–366,
427–429
- Luthuli, Albert, 733–734
- Luyeye, Philibert, 567
-
Lynch, Andrew G., 215
- Lyon, Cecil B., 282, 672–673
- MacKnight, Jesse, 213
-
Macmillan, Harold, 44, 50, 70, 95, 743, 745–747
- Madagascar (see also French territories; Malagasy
Republic), 3, 10, 637
- Maga, Hubert, 215, 236n
- Maghreb. See North Africa.
- Magsaysay, Ramón, 75
- Makoso, 408
- Malagasy Republic (see also Madagascar), 118, 125, 130, 214
- Mali (see also
Mali Federation), 226–227, 236–237, 236–238, 239n
, 240, 245, 321, 443, 541
- Mali Federation (see also Mali), 55–56, 72–73, 117–118, 130, 132, 138, 213, 220, 443
- Malik, Yakov Alexandrovich, 652
-
Mann, Thomas C., 104,
693n
- Marof, 352
- Martin, Edwin, 110, 115
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 103
- Mathews, Elbert G., 164, 389n
- Mauritania (see also
French Community), 118, 120, 234, 244, 249–250
- M’ba, Leon, 219
- Mboya, Tom, 63
-
Mbuyi, Joseph, 429
- McBride, Robert H., 44, 110, 115–116, 128n
,
188n
, 258n
, 277n
, 298n
, 314n
, 317n
, 325n
, 333–334n
, 344n
, 367n
,
386n
, 473n
, 483n
, 574n
, 678n
- McClelland, Roswell D., 162–165, 227n
, 234
-
McCone, John A., 353,
516, 541
- McElroy, Neil H., 21–22
-
McGregor, Robert G., 729n
- Mcllvaine, Robinson, 356–357, 370n
,
371–372
- McKeown, Gen., 619, 624
-
McSweeney, John M., 446n
- Meeker, Leonard C., 479n
, 740n
-
Meloy, Francis E., Jr., 271n
, 449n
- Mengesha, Iyassu, 608, 643n
- Menon, V.K. Krishna, 530, 610, 614
-
Merchant, Livingston T., 71, 74, 76–77, 165–166, 187, 213, 334n
, 344n
, 392n
, 592n
, 632n
, 643n
- Congo crisis, 284n
, 333–334, 344,
452–453,
469, 471, 498–500, 643–644
- Somalia, 197–198
- Soudan, 468
- Metropolitan powers. See Colonial powers; specific countries.
- Michel, Serge, 420, 430
- Middle East, 10, 21,
26
- Middle East Development Fund (Pella Plan), 10
-
Miller, Robert H., 381n
, 446n
, 473n
-
Mobutu, Joseph (see also
Congo crisis), 489–490, 497, 502, 503n
, 505,
507, 509–511, 516, 525
- assassination attempt, 494, 539
- caretaker government role, 550, 555, 558,
573, 585, 587, 604
- Lumumba arrest proposals, 526n
, 527
- Stanleyville secession, 639, 642
- Mohammed V (King of Morocco), 75
- Monongo, 602
-
Moose, James S., Jr., 173–174
- More, Bolard, 212
- Morocco (see also French territories), 47, 49, 72–73, 169, 234, 249
[Page 778]
- Congo crisis, 321, 378–379, 504, 509–510, 527,
534, 539, 550, 553, 557, 563, 624
-
Morrow, John Howard, 212,
717, 722–723
- Morse, Wayne, 760–761
- Moumie, Felix, 502, 511
- Mozambique (see also
Africa South of the Sahara; East, Central, and South Africa; Portuguese territories), 6, 15, 58, 62, 90–91, 376
- Mpolo, 494, 535,
549
-
Mueller, Frederick H., 157–158, 215, 340
- Munongo, Godefroid, 278n
-
Murphy, Robert D., 44n
, 45–48, 51–53, 214, 267, 279–280, 671–672, 674n
, 685–687, 689–691, 704–706, 734–735
-
Mutesa, Edward Frederick, II, 59
- Narasimhan, Chakravarthi Nijayaraghava, 530
- Nasser, Gamal Abdel (see also
United Arab Republic), 64–65, 417, 531
- National Academy of Sciences, 104
- National Intelligence Estimates (see also Special
National Intelligence Estimates):
- National Security Council:
- actions:
- No. 1290–d, 149
- No. 1904, 16
- No. 1961, 22
- No. 2053, 185
- No. 2175, 78
- No. 2199, 98
- No. 2209, 108–109
- No. 2215–b, 198n
- No. 2219–b, 128n
- No. 2262, 312
- No. 2270, 342
- No. 2276, 375
- No. 2284, 407
- No. 2286, 159
- No. 2287, 424
- No. 2294, 462
- No. 2295, 462
- No. 2325, 542
- Africa, U.S. policy toward, 126–127, 147–159
- Africa South of the Sahara, 13–16, 19–37
- Belgian Congo, 257–258, 274
- Congo crisis, 309–312, 338–342, 353–354, 373–376, 406–407, 442–443, 460–462, 489–491, 496–497, 509–510, 516,
539–542,
560, 607, 638–639, 642–643
- documents:
-
NSC
5719/1, 11–13, 19–22
-
NSC
5818, 23–37, 39–40
-
NSC
5820, 174
-
NSC
5903, 179–181, 191–192
-
NSC
5906/1, 95
-
NSC
5920.
See
NSC
6001
below.
-
NSC
6001, 73–93
-
NSC
6005, 93–98, 107–109
-
NSC
6005/1, 117–126
-
NSC
6028, 198–211
- East, Central, and South Africa, 73–78
- Guinea, 708
- Horn of Africa, 181–185, 198–211
- meetings:
-
365th, May 8, 1958, 13–16
-
375th, Aug. 7, 1958, 19–22
-
377th, Aug. 21, 1958, 173
-
378th, Aug. 27, 1958, 173–174
-
397th, Feb. 26, 1959, 181–185
-
414th, July 23, 1959, 185–186
-
423d, Nov. 5, 1959, 257–258
-
432d, Jan. 14, 1960, 73–78
-
438th, Mar. 24, 1960, 93–98
-
439th, Apr. 1, 1960, 751
-
440th, Apr. 7, 1960, 106–109
-
441st, Apr. 14, 1960, 126–128
-
443d, May 5, 1960, 274
-
June 20, 1960, 290
-
451st, July 15, 1960, 309–312
-
452d, July 21, 1960, 338–342
-
453d, July 25, 1960, 353–354
-
454th, Aug. 1, 1960, 372–376
-
455th, Aug. 12, 1960, 406–407
-
456th, Aug. 18, 1960, 147–159, 421–424
-
457th, Aug. 25, 1960, 442–443
-
458th, Sept. 7, 1960, 460–462
-
459th, Sept. 15, 1960, 489–490
-
460th, Sept. 21, 1960, 496–497
-
461st, Sept. 29, 1960, 509–510
-
462d, Oct. 6, 1960, 516
-
463d, Oct. 13, 1960, 527–529
-
464th, Oct. 20, 1960, 539–542
-
465th, Oct. 31, 1960, 560
-
468th, Dec. 1, 1960, 607
-
470th, Dec. 20, 1960, 638–639
-
472d, Dec. 29, 1960, 642–643
- newly independent countries, United States, relations with, 127–128
- Special Group on the Congo, 443
- Union of South Africa, 751
- West Africa, 93–98, 106–109
- Ndele, 535, 549
- Nes, David G., 48n
- Newlin, Michael, H., 611n
- Newly independent countries (see also specific countries
and areas):
- economic situations, 66–67
- multilateral economic aid, 55, 70, 94–97, 110
- political boundaries, 82, 121, 134,
155, 237
- political situations, 55, 75–76
- relations with colonial powers (see also
French Community; multilateral economic aid above
), 25, 31, 39–40, 83, 94–97, 149–150, 171
- Soviet bloc economic aid, 183, 236–238
- Soviet bloc, relations with, 9, 18, 56, 80, 82, 118
- U.N. membership, 137–138, 149,
154, 252
- United States, relations with, 16, 27, 39, 47, 83, 122, 127–128, 184
- U.S. economic aid, 19, 30, 83–84, 183, 236–238, 237
-
Newman, George S.,
755n
-
Ngalula, Joseph, 264
- Niger (see also
French Community), 216–217, 233, 235–236
- Nigeria (see also British territories; West Africa), 7, 47, 120, 126, 168, 170, 230
- Congo crisis, 487, 502, 624
- independence, 4, 48, 117, 150, 221,
227
- political situation, 55, 75, 241
- United States, relations with, 10, 114, 221–222, 227–232, 245
- Nixon, Richard M., 22, 75–76, 103, 126–127,
270, 406
-
Nkrumah, Kwame (see also
Ghana), 13, 64, 168, 220, 271–274, 645–657
- Congo crisis, 313, 380n
, 390–392, 404–405, 445, 487–488, 557
- Pan-Africanism, 48, 137
- political situation, 75–76, 241
- U.S. economic aid, 11–12, 648–650, 660–661, 666–667
- Norland, Donald R., 215–217
- Norstad, Gen. Lauris, 384
- North Africa (see also French territories), 10, 21, 46, 49, 136–141, 143–146, 202
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
(see also specific countries), 16, 20, 26, 29, 48, 50–51, 251, 253
- Northern Rhodesia. See Federation of Rhodesia and
Nyasaland.
- Northwestern University, 103–104
- Noyes, W. Albert, Jr., 104n
-
Nunley, William T., 292n
, 566n
, 729n
- Nussbaumer, 535
- Nuwezi, Mwata Yamvo Ditende, III, 570
- Nyasaland (see also Federation of Rhodesia and
Nyasaland; Pan-African Freedom Movement of East and
Central Africa), 92
- Nyembo, Albert, 294
- Nyerere, Julius, 63n
- Nzeza, Simon, 256
- Ogaden, 190
- Okito, 604
- Olympio, Sylvanus, 213, 223–225
- Operations Coordinating Board (OCB), 11–13, 39–40, 108, 173, 186–187, 191–192, 215
- Organization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC), 98
- Ormsby-Gore, David, 599–600, 614, 623–626
- Osman, Aden Abdulla, 215
- Padberg, Eugene L., 693n
-
Padmore, George, 163–164
- Pakistan, 624
-
Palmer, Joseph, II, 227, 541, 646–647n
, 724, 750
- Pan-African Freedom Movement of East and Central Africa
(PAFMECA), 63
- Pan-Africanism (see also specific conferences),
48, 55, 69, 137, 204, 207–208, 437
- Parsons, J. Graham, 128, 135–136
- Pella, Giuseppe, 10n
- Pella Plan. See
Middle East Development Fund.
-
Penfield, James k., 99n
, 258n
, 378–379n
, 381n
, 385n
, 392n
, 409n
, 502n
, 517n
, 525n
, 566n
, 584n
, 592n
, 602n
, 632n
, 643n
, 687n
- Pétillion, Leon, 15
- Philippines, 75–76,
252
- Pinzi, Arthur, 255
- Poland, 622
-
Porter, William J., 128n
, 188n
- Portugal (see also Portuguese territories), 12, 376
- Portuguese territories (see also Angola;
Mozambique), 2, 6, 12, 30, 65, 85, 90–91
- Potgieter, 734
- Prohme, Rupert, 684n
- Quaison-Sackey, Alex, 352–353, 446, 597, 663–665
- Quezon, Manuel, 76
- Rabb, Max, 354
- Radio Cairo, 8
-
Randall, Clarence B., 14–16, 19–20
-
Raymond, John M., 525n
, 674n
- Reams, J. Borden, 215–218
-
Reid, Ralph W.E., 159n
, 377
- Republic of Cameroun. See Cameroun.
- Republic of Chad. See Chad.
- Republic of Congo (see also
Congo crisis):
- Belgium, relations with (see also Belgian
subheadings under Congo crisis), 309–310, 313–314, 319, 336–337, 357–358, 441,
562–563
- Chinese People’s Republic, relations with, 280, 301, 303, 540
- economic situation, 318–320, 354,
358, 362, 364, 510, 516, 540, 610
- foreign investment, 281, 353–354, 358, 360,
364–365,
428–429
- human rights, 622
- independence (see also under
Belgian Congo), 214, 256
- neutralism, 281, 362–363, 439
- Pan-Africanism, 437
- separatist movements (see also
Katanga secession under
Congo crisis), 357
- Soviet bloc, relations with (see also Soviet
subheadings under Congo crisis), 280–281, 372, 375,
405–406,
437–439,
442–443,
477–478,
540
- tribal rivalries, 389, 430, 461,
560
- U.N. membership, 331
- Union of South Africa, relations with, 752
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 338
- United States, relations with, 214,
344, 351–354, 358–368, 372, 427–429
- U.S. economic aid (see also
U.N.-channeled economic aid under Congo
crisis), 279–281, 294,
296, 358, 363, 365–366, 372, 407,
477, 540
- Republic of Congo (Brazzaville), 120, 219, 486
- Republic of Congo (Léopoldville). See
Congo crisis; Republic of
Congo.
- Republic of Dahomey. See Dahomey.
- Republic of Gabon. See Gabon.
- Republic of Guinea. See
Guinea.
- Republic of Niger. See Niger.
- Republic of Togo. See
Togo.
- Republic of Upper Volta. See
Upper Volta.
- Rhodesia (see also Federation of Rhodesia and
Nyasaland), 15, 20–21, 41,
61, 64, 274, 376
- Richards, Arthur L., 192, 194–195
-
Riddleberger, James W., 76–77, 104–105, 110, 113–114, 152, 707n
, 708n
- Rikhye, Gen., 403, 445–446, 464, 530
- Rinden, Robert W., 212, 684n
, 692–693
-
Roberts, Edward, 110,
115
-
Roberts, Owen W., 351
-
Rockefeller, John D., 629
- Rockefeller, Nelson, 227, 229
-
Rogers, Charles E., 171
-
Rogers, William P., 213
-
Root, John, 186
-
Rothschild, Robert, 313,
574, 577, 579–580
- Ruanda-Urundi (see also
Africa South of the Sahara; East, Central, and South Africa), 59,
85, 89–90, 340
-
Ruchti, James R., 109n
- Rusk, Dean, 629
- Rutter, Peter, 652–653
- Saccio, Leonard J., 102n
, 114, 128, 134
- Salumu, Bernard, 593
-
Satterthwaite, Joseph C., 48n
, 102n
, 226n
, 236n
, 249n
, 271n
, 277n
, 292n
, 298n
, 303n
, 317n
, 385n
, 409n
, 413n
, 433n
, 445n
, 479n
, 537n
, 554n
, 568n
, 584n
, 602n
, 618n
, 630n
, 661n
, 667n
, 670n
, 674n
, 698n
, 713n
, 729n
- Africa South of the Sahara, 99–106, 110–111, 113–114, 116
- African Regional Conference, 53
- appointment of, 23
- Belgian Congo, 255–257
- Chinese People’s Republic, 135–136
- communist influence, 38
- Congo crisis, 450n
, 469–470, 500,
515–516
- French Community, 69, 71–73, 135
- Ghana, 515–516, 663–665
- Guinea, 71–72, 678n
, 687,
693–697,
716–718
- Horn of Africa, 191–192
- independence, 38, 134
-
Lodge’s special
representative proposal, 44n
- Mali Federation, 72–73
- newly independent countries, 171, 240
- Tangier Conference, 136n
, 143–146
- Togo, 224–225
- tripartite talks, 46n
- U.S. economic aid, 143–146
- U.S.-French discussions, 128, 135
- Sauvagnargues, Jean de, 632n
-
Scheyven, Louis, 261, 325, 327–328, 367–369, 386–387, 386–390, 416n
, 452–453
-
Scheyven, Raymond, 266,
269–270, 315–317
- Schuurmans, Constant, 251, 253, 285, 291
- Scribner, Fred C., Jr., 187
- Sears, Mason, 40–42
-
Sedgwick, Charles, 246n
, 359n
, 361n
, 363n
- Segni, Antonio, 188–189, 197–198
- Sekou, Yansan, 420
- Sendwe, Jason, 350–351, 357, 575
- Senegal (see also
French Community; Mali
Federation), 220, 226–227, 241, 246–249, 443, 624
- Sherman, W.C., 258n
,
271n
- Shoup, Gen. David M., 469
- Sierra Leone (see also British territories; West Africa), 118, 120, 150, 241
-
Silvercruys, Baron, 251
-
Siseo, Joseph J., 303n
, 334n
, 344n
, 378n
, 392n
, 473n
, 481n
, 493n
, 525n
, 537n
, 554n
, 566n
, 568n
, 592n
-
Slim, Mongi, 307, 324, 346, 465, 478, 480–481, 492–493, 625
- Smirnovsky, Mikhail N., 343
- Smith, Abbot, 435–442
- Smith, Gerard, 159n
,
469
-
Smith, James H., Jr., 21
- Sobolev, Arkady A., 322
- Somali Republic (see also
Somalia), 204–209, 211, 215
- Somalia (see also
Somali Republic), 8,
93, 168
- Ethiopia, relations with, 9, 135, 175–176, 181,
188–190,
200–201,
205, 209
- Greater Somalia proposal, 181–182, 188,
200–201,
203, 205, 208–209
- independence, 9, 176, 183–184, 190,
204–205
- Italian economic aid, 188–189, 197–198
- United States, relations with, 9–10, 134, 157, 183,
188–189,
191, 197–198
-
Somare, Abdoulaye, 293
- Songolo, 617
- Sory, Caba, 559
- Soudan (see also
French Community; Mali
Federation), 468
- South Africa Act of 1909, 88
- South West Africa (see also
East, Central, and South Africa), 85, 87, 724–726, 729–730, 734–735, 737, 760–761
- Southern Rhodesia. See Federation of Rhodesia and
Nyasaland.
- Soviet bloc (see also Soviet bloc subheadings under
other subjects), 48–51, 176, 190, 206, 208, 338–339
- Soviet Union. See
communist influence under other
subjects
; Soviet bloc; Soviet bloc
subheadings under other subjects.
- Special Group on the Congo (NSC), 443
- Special National Intelligence Estimates (see also
National Intelligence Estimates), SNIE
72.1–59, 177–178
- Stabler, Wells, 188n
,
251n
-
Stans, Maurice, 77, 97, 155–156, 158–159, 183–184, 236–238, 257–258, 312, 423, 540–541
- State Department–JCS meetings, 468–471
- Stoessel, Walter J., 333n
, 379n
,
537n
, 554n
-
Stokes, William N., 45
- Straneo, Carlo Alberto, 197–198
- Sub-Saharan Africa. See
Africa South of the Sahara.
- Sudan, 9, 168, 193, 203
[Page 782]
- Congo crisis, 487, 490, 550,
609, 630–631, 633, 639,
643
- National Intelligence Estimates, 177–178, 193–194
- Soviet bloc, relations with, 8, 49, 193–194
- United Arab Republic, relations with, 173–174, 178, 193
- United Kingdom, relations with, 176,
178, 193–194
- United States, relations with, 9–10, 173–174, 178,
194
- Suez Canal, 86
-
SUNFED, 237
- Swank, Emory C., 194–195
- Swaziland. See British territories; High Commission territories.
-
Sweeney, Joseph, 425n
- Tanganyika (see also
Africa South of the Sahara; British East Africa;
East, Central, and South Africa; Pan-African Freedom Movement of East and Central
Africa), 8, 41, 59, 66,
112, 114, 129
- Tangier Conference, 136–141
- Task Force on Africa, Report, Dec. 31, 1960, 172
- Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 52–53
-
Terrill, Robert, 110
- Thatcher, Nicholas G., 433n
-
Thayer, Robert H., 103
- Thimayya, Gen., 619
-
Timberlake, Clare H., 214, 242–244, 270n
- Congo crisis, 283–284, 307,
391n
, 427–429, 448, 477,
567–568,
600–601,
627n
- Belgian technicians, 318–320, 373–374, 420–421, 423, 540, 564–565
- Belgium, relations with, 283,
309–310, 313–314, 343–344, 389n
, 562–563
- caretaker government proposals, 561–562, 584n
, 586–588, 620–621
- Kasavubu-Lumumba conflict, 462–463, 471–472, 477, 501, 504, 518–521, 527n
, 534–536
- Lumumba arrest, 612, 616–618
- Lumumba government, 407–409, 417–419, 430, 501, 504
- political situation, 494–495, 510–511, 563–564, 601
- Soviet bloc, relations with, 322–323, 375, 477–478, 491
- U.N. intervention, 286–287, 292n
, 293–295, 374, 420–421, 423, 430–432, 444n
, 448–449, 504, 612–613, 627–629
- Togo (see also French territories; French Tropical
Africa; West Africa), 3,
10, 18, 56, 117, 138–139, 213, 223–225, 237, 240n
, 245, 541
-
Tomlinson, John D., 214,
261, 275–277, 277n
, 280–281
-
Toomey, William D., 667n
- Toure, Ismael, 718
- Toure, Momo, 420
- Touré, Sekou, 71–72,
212
- Congo crisis, 389, 395, 405,
411, 487, 515–516
- U.S.-Guinean relations, 673n
, 675–678, 683,
687–689,
693–706,
710, 716–718
- Treasury, U.S. Department of, 74, 95–96, 99, 111
- Tron, René, 245n
, 292n
, 392n
, 502n
, 532n
, 592n
, 605n
, 618n
-
Tshombé, Moïse (see also
Congo crisis: Katanga secession), 350, 397, 472, 485, 512–513, 517, 561, 599
- Tsiranana, Philibert, 72, 214
-
Tubman, William V.S., 162–165, 239n
, 389, 692, 700
- Tunisia (see also French territories;
Slim, Mongi
),
49, 75, 168, 646, 651
- Congo crisis, 310, 322, 324,
378–379,
446, 465, 480, 504, 527, 557
-
Twining, Gen. Nathan F., 310–312, 339–341, 373, 375, 425–427, 469–470
- Uganda (see also
Africa South of the Sahara; British East Africa;
East, Central, and South Africa; Pan-African Freedom Movement of East and Central
Africa), 10, 59, 93
- U.N. Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 322
- U.N. Economic Commission for Africa, 13, 32
- U.N. Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), 576
- U.N. Operations in the Congo (UNOC). See
Congo crisis: U.N. intervention.
- U.N. Special Fund for Economic Development (SUNFED), 225, 231, 237
- U.N. Special Projects Fund, 206
- Union of South Africa (see also
Africa South of the Sahara; East, Central, and South Africa), 30,
86, 90, 376, 625
-
apartheid, 64,
87–88,
726–729,
732–734,
743, 745–747
- National Intelligence Estimates, 58–59,
753–755
- protests, 741–744, 747–748
- U.N. consideration, 87, 731–732, 736–739, 745–747, 749, 751
- U.S. policy toward, 6, 81–82,
84–85, 731–732, 741–744, 749–753, 758–760
- communist influence, 7, 12, 29, 60, 65, 68, 87–88
- Ghana, relations with, 752, 757
- High Commission territories, 5, 88, 733, 738
- political situation, 15, 133, 748
- self-determination, 6–7, 18, 41, 62
- South West Africa, relations with, 85,
87, 724–726, 729–730, 734–735, 737, 739–741, 760–761
- United States, relations with, 25, 84, 86–87, 752–753, 755–760
- Union of the Camerounian People (UPC), 18
- United Arab Republic (UAR),
7–9, 49, 93, 180, 184, 190, 200, 206–207, 338–339, 417
- United Kingdom (see also British territories;
Colonial powers; British, tripartite, and U.S.-British
subheadings under other subjects), 12,
20, 39–40, 73, 119–120, 173, 203
- economic aid, 32, 94–95
- Ghana, 75, 241, 652
- Kenya, 92, 176, 208
- Somali Republic, 206–207, 211
- Union of South Africa, 743, 745–747
- United Nations (see also U.N. and Hammarskjöld subheadings under other
subjects; specific U.N. agencies), 46,
94, 151, 167–168, 204, 247–248, 525, 682
- Chinese People’s Republic membership, 135, 231–232
-
Eisenhower speech, 160, 167,
196
- French Equatorial African membership, 134
- General Assembly Resolutions:
-
1243, 730n
-
1248, 731n
-
1360, 739
-
1361, 739
-
1375, 739
-
1415, 293
-
1444, 304
-
1445, 304
-
1474 (ES-IV), 496
-
1592 (XV), 639–640
- multilateral economic aid, 105, 113, 150,
225, 231, 236–237
- new members, 137–138, 149, 154, 252
- racial policies and, 29,
64, 82,
87, 731–732, 736–739, 745–747, 749, 751
- Security Council Resolutions:
- Somali Republic, 206–207, 211
- South West Africa, 85, 87, 724–726, 734–735, 737,
760–761
- Trust territories (see also specific
territories), 27
- U.S. policy in, 42, 82, 122
- Upper Volta, 118, 168, 216–217, 233, 235–236
- Upton, Grady, 657–658
- U.S. Information Service (USIS), 39, 53, 136n
, 268–269, 471
-
Valdes, Philip H., 714n
- Van Den Bosch, 285, 290, 295, 337, 578, 581, 597
- Van Der Meersch, 295, 313, 429
- Van Essen, Marcel, 68, 702n
- Verhaegen, Benoit, 290n
-
Verwoerd, Hendrik F., 727n
, 732–733, 748
-
Villard, Henry S., 227n
, 244
- Voice of America, 268–269, 471
- Von Horn, Maj. Gen. Carl C., 321–322, 572, 614, 624
- Wachuku, 596, 626
-
Wadsworth, James J., 160, 245–246n
- Congo crisis, 489, 496, 557,
589–591
[Page 784]
- political situation, 475, 485, 525, 529–532, 542n
, 556–557, 589–591, 596–600, 608–609
- U.N. intervention, 475–476, 478n
, 490, 492, 559–560, 595–596, 607–608, 610–611, 613–616, 623–626, 636–638
- Wallner, Woodruff, 381n
, 385n
, 392n
, 433n
, 465–467, 493n
, 502n
, 517n
, 532n
, 554n
, 568n
, 584n
, 602n
, 667n
, 740n
- Walmsley, Walter N., 724–729, 730n
,
734n
- Walravens, Gérard A.J., 272
-
Ware, Robert L., 687n
-
Watson, John Hugh Adam, 50n
- Waugh, Samuel C., 112
- Welbeck (chargé), 531, 536, 549, 594, 597, 608, 613
- Wendelen, André, 625
- West Africa (see also
Africa South of the Sahara; specific countries):
- communist influence, 56–57, 118, 120–121, 123
- France, relations with, 119–120, 241
- independence, 54–55, 94, 117–118, 121, 134,
136
- multilateral economic aid, 94–97, 119, 121, 124,
139
- National Intelligence Estimate, 54–57
-
NSC discussions, 93–98, 106–109
-
NSC Reports, 117–126
- Soviet bloc, relations with, 118, 123, 125,
138, 143–146
- United States, relations with, 120,
138, 141, 143–146
- U.S. policy toward, 97–98, 107, 118, 120–125, 136–141
- Western Europe (see also Colonial powers; multilateral economic aid under other
subjects
; specific countries), 25–26, 31, 119, 253
-
White, Ivan B., 344n
, 381n
, 413n
, 433n
, 445n
, 473n
, 630n
, 693n
-
White, Lincoln, 741
-
White, Gen. Thomas D., 21, 470
-
Whitehead, Edgar, 20
-
Whitney, John Hay, 486–487, 750
- Wieschhoff, Heinrich, 352, 403–404, 447n
, 464–465, 467, 482n
, 529n
, 547, 551, 608
-
Wight, William L., Jr., 109n
, 278n
, 409n
, 452n
-
Wigny, Pierre:
- Congo crisis, 285, 289–290, 314–315, 325–326, 337–338, 381n
, 401, 458,
574–581,
576
- Kasavubu-Lumumba conflict, 460, 508–509, 521–523, 596–597
- Katanga secession, 338, 398, 403, 522, 574–575
- U.N. intervention, 288, 398, 403, 579–580
- U.S.-Belgian relations and, 251–253, 381n
, 383n
-
Wilcox, Francis O., 105n
, 113, 292n
, 298n
, 303n
,
334n
, 413n
, 445–446n
, 479n
, 481n
,
729n
-
Williams, Haydn, 755
-
Witman, William, II, 197n
- Woodruff, Arthur H., 344n
, 385n
,
488n
, 517n
, 525n
, 532n
, 568n
, 584n
, 602n
- World Bank. See
International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development.
- Wossen, Asfa, 185, 190, 202
-
Yameogo, Maurice, 217,
236n
- Yates, Lt. Gen. D.N., 755n
- Yemen, 176
- Youlou, Fulbert, 219, 486n
- Yugoslavia, 303
-
Yumbu, Joseph, 286, 418
- Zanzibar (see also
Africa South of the Sahara; British East Africa;
East, Central, and South Africa; Pan-African Freedom Movement of East and Central
Africa), 8, 59
- Zorin, Valerian, 489, 492, 496