Office of the Historian

List of Sources

Unpublished Sources

  • Department of State
      • Indexed Central Files. The major regional Africa files are 611.70, 770.00, 770.56, and 870.00 and subfiles. Other useful files include 110.13–HE, 120.1471, 320, and 611.51.
      • The Congo: The major file for the Congo crisis is 770G.00. Additional material concerning U.N. intervention in the Congo is in files 325.70G, 332.70G, and 343.170G. Other useful files for the Congo include 033.70G00, 320, 330, 611.55, 611.70G, 655.70G, 755A.02, 770G.02, 770G.11, 770G.13, 770G.5, 770G.5–MSP, and 870G.00 and subfiles. The major files for the Congo before independence are 755A.00 and 855A.00 and subfiles.
      • Ethiopia: The major files are 611.75, 775.00, 775.5, 775.5–MSP and 875.00 and subfiles.
      • Ghana: The major files are 033.45J11, 611.45J, 645J.00, 745J.00, 745J.11, and 845J.00 and subfiles, especially 845J.2614.
      • Guinea: The major files are 601.70B11, 611.70B, 670B.00, 751T.02, 770B.00, 770B.02, 770B.11, 770B.5, 770B.5–MSP, and 870B.00 and subfiles, especially 870B.2614.
      • Somalia: The major files are 611.45U, 745U.00, 611.77, 777.00, 777.5–MSP, and 877.00 and subfiles.
      • Sudan: The major files are 611.45W, 745W.00, and 845W.00 and subfiles.
      • Union of South Africa: The major files are 320, 611.45A, 645A.00, 745A.00, 745A.56311 and 845A.00 and subfiles. The major files for the South West Africa issue are 320.5745X and 745X.021.
      • Lot Files. These are the special decentralized files of the policymaking level of the Department of State, including the Executive Secretariat, overseas Foreign Service posts, and U.S. special missions. A list of the lot files used or consulted for this volume follows.
    • AF/AFC Files: Lot 65 D 187
      • Economic subject files on the Congo for 1960–1963, maintained by the Office of Central African Affairs, Bureau of African Affairs.
    • AF/AFC Files: Lot 65 D 261
      • Political files for 1960–1963, including files of the Congo Working Group, maintained by the Office of Central African Affairs, Bureau of African Affairs.
    • AF/AFI Files: Lot 62 D 406
      • Political/military files for 1951–1960, maintained by the Politico-Military Adviser of the Office of African Affairs, later the Bureau of African Affairs.
    • AF/AFI Files: Lot 63 D 92
      • Political/military files for 1957–1960, maintained by the Politico-Military Adviser of the Office of African Affairs, later the Bureau of African Affairs.
    • AF/AFW Files: Lot 63 D 148
      • Files of letters and memoranda for 1960–1961, maintained by the Office of West African Affairs, Bureau of African Affairs.
    • AF/I Files: Lot 69 D 295
      • Files of Fred L. Hadsel, Planning Adviser in the Office of Inter-African Affairs, 1963–1964, and Director of that Office, 1964–1968, including some 1960-1963 files maintained by the regional planning adviser in the Bureau of African Affairs.
    • Conference Files: Lot 62 D 181
      • Collection of documentation on visits to the United States by ranking foreign officials and on major conferences attended by the Secretary of State for 1956–1958, maintained by the Executive Secretariat.
    • Conference Files: Lot 63 D 123
      • Collection of documentation on visits to the United States by ranking foreign officials and on major conferences attended by the Secretary of State for 1955–1958, maintained by the Executive Secretariat.
    • Conference Files: Lot 64 D 559; Lot 64 D 560
      • See entry under Washington National Records Center
    • EUR/WE Files: Lot 72 D 441
      • Files on U.S. relations with France for 1958–1967, maintained by the Office of Western European Affairs, Bureau of European Affairs.
    • INR–NIE Files
      • Files retained by the Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State, containing copies of National Intelligence Estimates and Special National Intelligence Estimates.
    • OCB Files: Lot 61 D 385
      • Master set of the administrative and country files of the Operations Coordinating Board for 1953–1960, maintained in the Operations Staff.
    • OCB Files: Lot 62 D 430
      • Master files of the Operations Coordinating Board for 1953–1960, maintained by the Executive Secretariat.
    • PPS Files: Lot 67 D 548
      • Policy Planning Staff subject, country, and chronological files for 1957–1961.
    • Presidential Correspondence: Lot 64 D 174
      • Correspondence between President Eisenhower and heads of foreign governments for 1953–1960, maintained by the Executive Secretariat.
    • Presidential Correspondence: Lot 66 D 204
      • Exchanges of correspondence between the President and Secretary of State and heads of foreign govenments and foreign ministers for 1953–1964, maintained by the Executive Secretariat.
    • Secretary’s Memoranda of Conversation: Lot 64 D 199
      • Chronological collection of the Secretary of State’s memoranda of conversation for 1953–1960, maintained by the Executive Secretariat.
    • S/P–NSC Files: Lot 62 D 1
      • Serial and subject master file of National Security Council documents and correspondence for 1948–1961, maintained by the Policy Planning Staff.
    • S/S–NSC Files: Lot 63 D 351
      • Serial master file of National Security Council documents and correspondence, and related Department of State memoranda for 1947–1961, maintained by the Executive Secretariat.
    • S/S-NSC (Miscellaneous) Files: Lot 66 D 95
      • Administrative and miscellaneous National Security Council documentation, including NSC Records of Action, for 1947–1963, maintained by the Executive Secretariat.
    • S/S-S, CMS Files: Lot 69 D 150
      • Collections of documents on U.S.-European relations for 1958–1966, maintained by the Executive Secretariat.
    • State–JCS Meetings: Lot 61 D 417
      • Top Secret records of meetings between representatives of the Department of State and the Joint Chiefs of Staff for 1951–1959, and selected problem files on the Middle East for 1954–1956, maintained by the Executive Secretariat.
    • State–JCS Meetings: Lot 70 D 328
      • Top Secret records of meetings between representatives of the Department of State and the Joint Chiefs of Staff for 1959–1963, maintained by the Executive Secretariat.
    • UNP Files: Lot 65 D 379
      • Files for 1956–1961, maintained by the Division of Dependent Area Affairs in the Office of United Nations Political Affairs, Bureau of International Organization Affairs.
  • Library of Congress, Manuscript Division, Washington, D.C.
    • Harriman Papers
      • Papers of W. Averell Harriman, who visited Africa in 1960 on a fact-finding mission for presidential candidate John F. Kennedy.
  • Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, Kansas
  • Herter Papers
    • Papers of Christian A. Herter, Under Secretary of State and then Secretary of State, 1957–1961.
  • Staff Secretary’s Records
    • Records of the Office of the Staff Secretary, 1952–1961, including records of Paul T. Carroll, Andrew J. Goodpaster, L. Arthur Minnich, Jr., and Christopher H. Russell.
  • White House Office Files
    • White House collections, including Project Clean Up.
  • Whitman File
    • Papers of Dwight D. Eisenhower as President of the United States, 1953–1961, as maintained by his Personal Secretary, Ann Whitman. The Whitman File includes the following elements: Name Series, Dulles–Herter Series, Eisenhower Diaries, Ann Whitman (ACW) Diaries, National Security Council Records, Miscellaneous Records, Cabinet Papers, Legislative Meetings, International Meetings, Administrative Series, Project Clean Up, and International File.
  • National Archives and Records Administration, Washington, D.C.
    • RG 273, Records of the National Security Council, Official Meeting Minutes File.
  • Washington National Records Center, Suitland, Maryland
    • RG 59, Conference Files: FRC 83–0068
      • Lot 64 D 559: Collection on documentation on official visits by heads of government and foreign ministers to the United States and on major international conferences attended by the Secretary of State for 1960, maintained by the Executive Secretariat of the Department of State.
      • Lot 64 D 560: Collection on documentation on official visits by heads of government and foreign ministers to the United States and on major international conferences attended by the Secretary of State for 1959, maintained by the Executive Secretariat of the Department of State.
  • Princeton University Library, Princeton, New Jersey
    • Dulles Papers, Dulles Daily Appointment Book
      • Daily log of the meetings and appointments of Secretary of State John Foster Dulles for 1953–1959.

Published Sources

  • Official Sources and Other Documentary Collections
    • Cordier, Andrew W. and Wilder Foote, eds. Public Papers of the Secretaries-General of the United Nations, volume V: Dag Hammarskjöld, 1960–1961. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975.
    • Gerard-Libois, J. and Benoit Verhaegen. Congo 1960. 2 volumes. Brussels: Centre de Recherche et d’Information Socio-Politiques, 1961.
    • Gott, Richard, John Major, and Geoffrey Warner, eds. Documents on International Affairs, 1960. Issued under the auspices of the Royal Institute of International Affairs. London: Oxford University Press, 1964.
    • U.S. Congress. Senate Select Committee To Study Governmental Operations With Respect to Intelligence Activities. Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders: An Interim Report. Senate Report No. 94-465, 94th Congress, 1st Session. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1975.
    • U.S. Department of State. American Foreign Policy: Current Documents, 1958, 1959, 1960. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.
      • ———. Department of State Bulletin. 1958, 1959, 1960. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.
      • ———. American Foreign Policy, 1950–1955: Basic Documents. 2 volumes. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1957.
    • U.S. National Archives and Records Administration. Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Dwight D. Eisenhower, 1958, 1959, 1960–61. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office.
  • Memoirs
    • Note: The following memoirs were consulted at the time this volume was prepared.
      • The Department of State takes no responsibility for their accuracy nor endorses their interpretation of the events.
      • Alexander, Major General H.T. African Tightrope: My Two Years As Nkrumah’s Chief of Staff. New York: Praeger, 1966.
      • Dayal, Rajeshwar. Mission for Hammarskjold: The Congo Crisis. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976.
      • Eisenhower, Dwight D. The White House Years: Waging Peace, 1956–1961. Garden City, NY: Doubleday and Company, 1965.
      • Kanza, Thomas. The Rise and Fall of Patrice Lumumba: Conflict in the Congo. London, R. Collings, 1978.
      • Macmillan, Harold. Pointing the Way, 1959–1961. London: Macmillan, 1972.
      • Murphy, Robert. Diplomat Among Warriors. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1964.
      • Von Horn, Major General Carl C. Soldiering for Peace. New York: David McKay, 1967.