Index

• Note: In this index, the terms “Korea” and “ROK” refer to the Republic of Korea. The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea is indicated by the term “Korea (DPRK)”.
• Acet, Kâmran, 257
• Ad Hoc Korean Armistice Team, 465n
• Agreed Minute of Understanding between the United States and the Republic of Korea (Nov. 17, 1954), 4n, 12–15, 125, 147–148, 178, 294, 375–376, 532
• Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act of 1954 (P.L. 480), 167, 168, 385, 386, 514–515
• Air Force, U.S., 122
• Allen, Ward P., 40n, 61n, 64, 65, 94, 140n
• American Chamber of Commerce (Korea), 170, 175–176
• American-Korean Foundation, 164
• Amory, Robert, 271, 438
• Anaya, Ricardo, 257
• Anderson, Dillon, 68, 92–93, 217
• Anderson, Robert B., 124
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea, 7–8, 88–90, 121, 122, 123, 124
• Anti-Americanism in Korea, 163–164
• Armstrong, W. Park, 289
• Atomic weapons. See Nuclear weapons.
• Australia (see also Commonwealth forces in Korea):
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 430, 435–436, 455, 456–457
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea, 172–173, 252, 261, 264, 279n
• Bacon, Ruth E., 257
• Baldwin, Hanson, 441
• Baran, Saul, 384
• Barbis, George M., 192–193, 241, 291n, 406n, 473n, 478n, 523n, 529
• Barnes, Robert G., 509
• Baydur, Mehmet, 257, 260
• Beam, Jacob D., 244n
• Belgium, 260, 261
• Bennett, Tapley, 198, 285, 331
• Bernau, Phyllis D., 166n
• Bielke, Count, 154
• Blakeney, F. J., 249, 252, 261
• Blaustein, Jacob, 186
• Boggs, Marion W., 403n
• Boheman, Erik, 165n, 172, 173, 198n, 233n
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 206
  • NNSC personnel reductions, 82n
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
    • DMZ restriction for inspection teams, 179n, 187–188, 193–194, 199, 204–207, 229–231, 266–268
    • Swiss-Swedish proposal for, 49, 50
• Bond, Niles, 249, 253, 257, 276n, 282
• Booker, M. R., 430, 433
• Bowie, Robert R., 5n, 23, 315n, 331, 333, 354n, 411, 437, 457n
  • military program for Korea:
    • draft policy paper, 404, 407
    • repercussions on other aspects of Korean problem, 403
    • State Department position, 391n
  • modern military equipment for Korea:
    • equipment to be shipped, 415–416
    • nuclear-capable weapons, 329, 441
    • position on, 441n
• Boyer, Jack, 302
• Briggs, Ellis O., 9, 11n, 27n, 30n, 84n, 84n
  • economic situation in Korea, 3–5
  • Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission:
    • protection of forces, 33
    • withdrawal from Korea, 10n, 18n
  • U.S. economic assistance to Korea, 36, 62–63
• Brown, Elizabeth A., 257n, 263n, 269n, 272n, 434
• Brown, Willard O., 193
• Brucker, Wilber M., 195n, 464–465, 532
• Brundage, Percival F., 398, 448
• Budget, Bureau of the, U.S., 404, 407, 411
• Burke, Adm. Arleigh A., 214, 243, 271, 330, 332, 498
  • military program for Korea, 392–393, 397, 399–400
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 393
  • ROK Army force reductions, 371–372
  • U.S. military presence in Korea, 371–372
• Burns, R. L., 468n
• Byrd, Robert C., 195n
• Cabell, Gen. Charles P., 129
• Cabot, John M., 206n, 247, 276n
• Caccia, Sir Harold, 429, 430, 434–435, 455, 456, 457
• Caillat, Claude, 154
• Cairo Declaration, 351n
• Calingo, Mauro, 261
• Cameron, Turner C., Jr., 170, 181n, 191, 225n, 236
• Canada (see also Commonwealth forces in Korea):
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 430, 436, 455, 456, 457
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea, 250–251, 260, 264
• Carney, Adm. Robert B., 24–25
• Cavalierato, Phedon Annino, 261
• Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 6, 129, 382n, 383n
• Chang Myon, 268, 334
  • “elimination” plot against, 301–303
  • political situation in Korea, criticism of, 511–512
  • succession issue, 336–337, 344, 365, 366
• Chiang Kai-shek, Generalissimo, 352n, 470
• China, People’s Republic of, 115
  • international conference on Korea, 240–243, 267
  • Korea (DPRK), military presence in, 287–288, 323
  • NNSC personnel reductions, 39
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
    • DMZ restriction for inspection teams, 193–194, 204, 267, 275–276
    • position on, 39
    • Swiss-Chinese consultations re, 83
  • Taiwan and offshore islands issue, 218, 219–220
• China, Republic of, 115, 347, 470
• Cho Chong-hwan, 176n, 234, 367, 370n, 387, 504, 505
  • Korean repossession of areas south of 38th parallel, possible, 143–144
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea, 136, 139n, 143
  • ROK Army force reductions, 477
• Choi, Lt. Col., 136
• Chong II Kwon, Gen., 114–116, 161, 170, 181, 268, 331, 335
• Chong Kyu-man, 192
• Chou En-lai, 58, 220, 267
• Christian Science Monitor, 167
• Chun Bung-ku, 384
• Churchill, Winston S., 352n
• CINCUNC. SeeDecker, Gen. George; Hull, Gen. John D.; Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L.; Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D.
• Civil war in Korea, possible, 332–333
• Clausewitz, Karl von, 310
• Clough, Ralph, 249
• Commonwealth forces in Korea:
  • reduction of forces:
    • Canadian battalion, 66–67n
    • proposals for, 58–60
    • U.K. position, 91–92
    • U.S. position, 60–61, 66–67, 72–73, 162
  • withdrawal of, 58, 373, 413–414
• Communist objectives re Korea, 376
• Communist subversion in Korea, 75–77, 182–185, 470
• Communist threat, international, 346–347, 354–356, 368–370
• Cooley, Harold D., 515n
• Costanza, 385
• Coup against Rhee, possible, 181
• Couve de Murville, Maurice, 94, 96, 101n
• Cronk, Edwin M., 193
• Crowley, Edwin D., 154, 239, 266
• Cutler, Robert, 17, 56, 57, 392, 393, 394, 396–397, 398, 400, 401, 410–412, 415, 420, 421, 424, 425, 426, 437, 438, 444–445, 446, 449–450, 452, 453, 457n, 480n, 481–482, 483, 484, 485, 508n
• Cyr, Leo G., 271
• Czechoslovakia (see also Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission; NNSC withdrawal from Korea), 522
• Davenport, Philip M., 384
• Davis, Adm. Arthur C., 88, 120, 124n, 153, 162n
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea, 171, 172, 173, 174
• De la Mare, Arthur J., 275–276, 278, 289–290, 413–415, 428, 433
• Decker, Gen. George H.:
  • appointment as CINCUNC, 470, 474n
  • MacArthur’s assessment of, 512
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 533n
  • ROK Army force reductions:
    • Korean proposal, 519–522, 525, 527–528, 531, 535–536
    • negotiations on reductions, 500–502, 509, 516n, 519–522
    • position on, 512
    • U.S.-Korean military consultations re, 471–473
  • U.S. military presence in Korea, 509n
• Deckert, Robert, 436
• Denny, Adm. Sir Michael, 428
• Devakul, Thuaithep, 257
• Diehl, William W., 384
• Dinke, Berhanou, 257
• Disarmament issue, 244
• Douglas, Count C. L., 10n, 61n, 64, 227n, 239–240, 267
• Dowling, Walter C. (“Red”), 291n, 354n, 367, 370n, 428, 465n, 471n, 504–505
  • appointment as Ambassador, 176n
  • communist threat, international, 346–347
  • Japan, relations with Korea, 505
  • Korean reunification, 347–348, 518
    • U.S. initiative, proposal for, 518n
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 325–326, 328–329, 342, 364
  • political situation in Korea:
    • Chang “elimination” plot, 301–303
    • auccession issue, 365–366
  • Rhee’s attitude toward, 331
  • ROK Army force reductions, 512
    • Korean position, 477
    • Korean proposal, 516–517, 521–522, 536
    • modern military equipment for Korea and, 327–329, 504–505
    • negotiations on reductions, 457, 459–460, 461–462, 500, 509, 516
    • position on, 364–365
  • U.N. General Assembly, Korean membership issue, 518–519
  • U.S. military presence in Korea, 326–327, 509n
  • U.S. policy toward Korea, Rhee’s criticisms of, 517–518
• Drew, Walter H., 41n
• Dulles, Allen W., 6n, 37n, 57, 348, 392, 412n, 489n
• Dulles, John Foster, 387
  • Commonwealth forces in Korea:
    • reduction of forces, 59, 66–67, 91–92, 162
    • withdrawal of, 373
  • economic situation in Korea:
    • exchange rate, 120, 125
    • U.S.-Korean conference on (1955), 118–119, 120, 125
  • Hoover’s Korea visit, 169
  • international conference on Korea:
    • U.N. allies’ position, 263–265, 272–273
    • U.S. position, 244
  • Korea visit, 233–237
  • Korean Armistice:
    • communist violations, 57, 58, 124
    • Korean abrogation, U.S. policy on, 5
  • Korea’s symbolic importance to U.S., 396
  • massive retaliation policy, 394, 448–449
  • military program for Korea, 398–399, 400
    • draft policy paper, 418
    • economic aspects for U.S., 446–447
    • NSC discussions re, 445–447, 448–449, 451–453, 482–483, 484, 485, 486, 487
    • resumption of hostilities by Korea, U.S. response to, 412–413
    • State Department position, 390
  • modern military equipment for Korea:
    • communist violations of Armistice issue, 421–422, 426
    • interpretation of Armistice to permit equipment, 123, 124
    • nuclear-capable weapons, 394–395, 400, 421–422, 424, 425–427, 443, 445–446, 482–483, 484, 506
    • progress reports, 506
    • public announcements re, 432, 439, 455, 456
    • reports on equipment for NNSC, 451–452
    • ROK forces, equipment for, 485, 507, 508–509
    • U.K. position, 90–91
    • U.N. allies, consultations by, 111, 112
  • Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission:
    • communist espionage, alleged, 2–3
    • communist manipulation of, 57
    • Korean installations, inspection of, 61–62
    • Korean threats against, 55
    • personnel reductions, 35, 61–62, 131n, 141, 142, 248, 255
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
    • consultations by U.N. allies re, 34–35
    • DMZ restriction for inspection teams, 165–166, 174–175, 220–221, 224–226, 244, 248–249, 277–280
    • Eisenhower’s position, 149
    • Korean demand for withdrawal, 141–142, 148
    • suspension of clauses relating to operations of NNSC, 88–90, 121, 122, 123, 124, 263–266, 272, 278–280
    • Swiss-Swedish proposal for, 7, 10
    • U.S. course of action, 140–141, 149, 153n, 165–167
  • Rhee, attitude toward, 485
  • Rhee, meetings with, 233, 236
  • ROK Army force reductions:
    • economic factors, 194
    • Korean proposal, U.S. response to, 523, 530
    • modern military equipment for Korea and, 482–483, 484
    • negotiations on reductions, 452–453, 457–459, 509n
  • Taiwan and offshore islands issue, 218, 219, 220
  • U.N. Command, withdrawal by member countries, 58
  • U.S. economic assistance to Korea, 2, 234, 235
  • U.S. military assistance to Korea, 234, 235
  • U.S. policy toward Korea:
    • new leadership, U.S. development of, 37
    • withdrawal from Korea, possible, 218
• Duncan, Adm. Donald B., 128
• Dunham, William B., 197n
• Economic situation in Korea:
  • economic history, absence of, 298
  • exchange rate, 295
    • economic impact in Korea, 131–133
    • official rate, establishment of, 147–148
    • official rate, extension of, 384–387
    • U.S.-Korean consultations re, 3–5, 52, 53–55, 83–85, 120, 125, 147–148, 384–387
  • financial stabilization program, 513
  • improvements under U.S. policies, 293
  • inflation, 194, 296, 365, 385
  • offshore procurement, 515
  • ROK Army and, 105–106, 118, 194, 318–319, 327–328
  • taxation of U.S. businesses, 164, 168, 170, 175–177
  • U.S.-Korean conference on (1955), 83–85, 104n, 106, 116–119, 120, 125, 133
  • U.S.-Korean conference on (1956), 296
  • U.S. policy statement on (NSC 5702/2), 494–495
• Eden, Sir Anthony, 58, 95, 219–220
• Eisenhower, Dwight D., 56, 116, 508
  • communist threat, international, 354–356
  • Dulles’ Korea visit, 236
  • Far East military situation, 70–71
  • Japan:
    • U.S. military forces in, 311, 312
    • U.S. policy toward, 12
  • Korean Armistice, communist violations of, 57–58
  • Korean reunification, 469
  • Korea’s symbolic importance to U.S., 396, 486–487
  • Lemnitzer, meeting with, 469–471
  • military program for Korea, 399, 400–401, 402, 446, 450–451, 482, 484–485, 486–487
  • modern military equipment for Korea:
    • nuclear-capable weapons, 366–367, 424, 425, 426, 446, 452, 471, 482, 484–485
    • public announcements re, 256, 452
    • Rhee’s position, 463
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
    • build-up of forces and, 71
    • position on, 149
    • suspension of clauses relating to operations of NNSC, 88, 89, 90, 93–94, 121
    • unilateral action by U.S., 17–18, 29, 30n, 70
  • Rhee, attitude toward, 348
  • Rhee, correspondence with, 2, 11–13, 354–356, 463–464, 468–469, 478–480, 503–504
  • ROK Army force reductions, 313, 485
    • letter to Rhee, 468–469, 503–504
    • negotiations on reductions, 451, 452, 457n, 459, 509n
    • NSC discussion re, 309, 310, 311, 312
  • Taiwan and offshore islands issue, 219–220
  • U.N. Command, withdrawal by member countries, 58–59
  • United Nations, proposed Soviet expulsion from, 355
  • U.S. balance-of-payments problem, 313–314, 400–401
  • U.S. economic assistance to Korea, 12–13
  • U.S. military assistance to Korea, 12–13
  • U.S. military presence in Korea, 366–367, 450, 471
  • U.S. policy toward Korea:
    • new leadership, U.S. development of, 37
    • security of Korea, commitment to, 11–12
    • withdrawal from Korea, possible, 217–218
• Eisenhower, Maj. John S. D., 469
• Eisenhower, Milton S., 163–164
• Exchange rate in Korea. See under Economic situation in Korea.
• Export-Import Bank, 515n
• Far East military situation, 68–69, 70–71
• Farrell, Gen. Francis W., 411, 415
• Federation of Patriotic Organizations, 195
• Finn, Richard B., 498n
• FitzGerald, Dennis A., 36n
• Flemming, Arthur S., 219, 398
• Foreign Operations Administration (FOA), 78, 79, 83, 127n
• Foreign policy of Korea:
  • Japan, relations with, 108, 190, 234, 370, 479, 505
  • United Kingdom, relations with, 414–415
  • U.S. policy on, 47, 190
• Fox, Lt. Gen. Alonso P., 198, 224
• France, 260
  • international conference on Korea, 251, 252
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 96, 437n
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
    • DMZ restriction for inspection teams, 251, 252
    • suspension of clauses relating to operations of NNSC, 101n, 264–265, 278n
    • Swiss-Swedish withdrawal, proposed, 7
• Froeschle, Lt. Col. Helmuth O., 114
• Gard, Gen. Robert G., 274n, 275n, 278n, 501
• General Federation of Koreans Resident in Japan (Soren), 183
• Geneva Conference of 1954, 1
• Gill, Air Commodore T. F., 428
• Glazebrook, George P. de T., 249, 250–251, 260–261
• Gleason, S. Everett, 18, 37–38, 59, 72, 94, 215, 220, 243, 314, 331, 348, 402, 427, 454, 489, 491
• Glitman, Maynard W., 384
• Goodpaster, Gen. Andrew J., 468n, 469, 471
• Graves, Sir Hubert A., 249, 250, 253, 259–260, 261, 269–270, 278
• Gray, Gordon, 214, 322n, 388
  • Commonwealth forces in Korea, 162n
  • modern military equipment for Korea:
    • equipment to be shipped, 305–309, 321
    • interpretation of Armistice to permit equipment, 200, 201–202, 284, 305–309
    • nuclear-capable weapons, 305–309, 360–363
    • reports on equipment for NNSC, 305–309
  • NNSC, Korean demonstrations against, 223–224
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
    • DMZ restriction for inspection teams, 179, 187, 196n, 198–199, 207, 221–224, 226
    • U.S. course of action, 153–154, 166, 171, 173, 178–179
  • ROK Army force reductions, 333
• Greece, 261, 264
• Griffing, Gen., 501
• Hailey, Foster, 534
• Hamilton, A.A.M., 257
• Hammarskjöld, Dag, 8, 64, 456
• Han. See Pyo Wook Han.
• Hanes, John W., Jr., 67–68, 428, 434
• Hannah, John A., 424
• Harding, Field Marshal Sir John, 91
• Harr, Karl G., Jr., 508n, 509n, 529–530
• Harrison, Landreth M., 182n
• Hatoyama, Ichiro, 115
• Hay, Col. R.A., 428
• Hemmendinger, Noel, 88n, 99, 148n, 175n, 180n, 243, 251–252, 253, 256n, 257, 264n, 267, 273n, 277n, 278, 299
  • Commonwealth forces in Korea, 72–73
  • modern military equipment for Korea:
    • action on equipment issue prior to NNSC resolution, proposed, 237–239
    • State-Defense consultations re, 201, 303–305
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea, 275, 276n, 279n
  • political situation in Korea, 301
  • ROK Army force reductions, 177–178
• Henderson, Gregory, 516n
• Henderson, Loy W., 257, 271
• Hensel, H. Struve, 5, 6n
• Herter, Christian A.:
  • Korea visit, 511–512
  • military program for Korea, 406
  • ROK Army force reduction, 478, 516, 523
• Hilliker, G.G., 158n
• Hollister, John B., 167–168, 191
• Holloway, J.E., 264n
• Hong Kee Karl, 142, 145
• Hoover, Herbert, Jr., 6n, 71, 111, 180
  • economic situation in Korea:
    • taxation of U.S. businesses, 175, 176n, 177n
    • U.S.-Korean conference on (1955), 116–117
  • international conference on Korea, 273–274
  • Japan, U.S. military forces in, 312
  • Korea visit, 167n, 169–170
  • modern military equipment for Korea:
    • communist violations and, 42
    • interpretation of Armistice to permit equipment, 263
    • military advantages issue, 101
    • public announcements re, 256
    • ROK forces, equipment for, 310
    • U.N. allies, consultations by, 41, 42
  • Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission, personnel reductions, 41–42, 50
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
    • DMZ restriction for inspection teams, 228–229, 276–277
    • suspension of clauses relating to operations of NNSC, 88–90, 94, 256, 262–263
    • Swiss-Swedish proposal for, 49–50
    • Taylor’s position, 85
    • U.S. course of action, 17, 29–30, 158–159
  • ROK Army:
    • internal security forces, 182n
    • loyalty to U.S., 170
    • reduction of forces, 312
  • U.S. Embassy in Korea, demonstrations at, 113
  • U.S. policy toward Korea, 351, 354n
• Howe, Fisher, 443
• Hu Rak Lee, Gen., 114
• Hughes, Rowland R., 217
• Hull, Gen. John D., 3, 9
  • Far East military situation, 68–69, 70–71
  • Korean Armistice, U.S. policy on Korean abrogation, 5–6
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 33, 69, 70
  • Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission:
    • communist manipulation of, 69
    • Korean installations, inspection of, 48–49
    • Korean threats against, 55
    • protection of forces, 32
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
    • build-up of forces and, 71
    • four-step strategy of U.S., 30–33
    • position on, 27n
    • unilateral action by U.S., 15, 17, 22, 23, 27, 69–70
  • U.S. economic assistance to Korea, 36
• Humphrey, George M., 71, 93, 217, 218, 219, 220, 489n
  • massive retaliation policy, 397–398
  • military program for Korea, 399, 400, 402, 446–447
  • U.S. balance-of-payments problem, 312–314, 400–401
  • U.S. military presence in Korea, 449–450
• Hungary, 346, 355
• In Sang Song, 517
• In Tae-sik, 268
• Inagaki, Heitaro, 108
• India, 186
• International conference on Korea:
  • Chinese proposal for, 240–243, 267
  • Swiss position, 254
  • U.K. position, 260n
  • U.N. allies’ position, 249–253, 256–262, 263–265, 270, 272–274
  • U.S. position, 244–246, 258
• International Cooperation Administration, 127, 127
• International Court of Justice, 283, 283
• Irwin, John N., II, 509n, 529, 531–532
• Jackson, William H., 309, 313, 334
• Jae Hung Yu, Lt. Gen., 472
• Japan, 11
  • communist countries, relations with, 115
  • communist-influenced Koreans in, 77, 183
  • Korea, relations with, 108, 190, 234, 370, 479, 505
  • military capabilities, 69, 70
  • tripartite treaty between Japan, Korea, and U.S., proposed, 12
  • U.S. economic assistance to Korea and, 132
  • U.S. military forces in, 311–312
  • U.S. policy toward, 12
• Johnson, U. Alexis, 248, 263, 272, 276
• Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) (see also Radford, Adm. Arthur W.):
  • Commonwealth forces in Korea, reduction of, 60, 66, 67, 73
  • Korean Armistice, Taylor’s proposal to terminate, 108
  • military program for Korea:
    • draft policy paper, 416–418, 444n, 481n
    • position on, 389–390, 392–393
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 322–323, 333–334, 362, 423, 424–425, 447–448, 467–468
  • Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission:
    • Korean demonstrations against, 159
    • Korean installations, inspection of, 48, 49n
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
    • DMZ restriction for inspection teams, 214–215, 243–244
    • four-step strategy of U.S., 30
    • Korean demand for withdrawal, 139, 143
    • suspension of clauses relating to operations of NNSC, 128–130
    • Swiss-Swedish withdrawal, proposed, 7
    • unilateral action by U.S., 15–16, 17–18
  • ROK Army force reductions, 178n, 179n, 322–325, 371–372
  • State–JCS meetings, 19–27, 128–131, 214–215, 243–244, 271–272, 330–333, 498–500
  • U.S. military presence in Korea:
    • minimum force levels, 371–372
    • reconnaissance flights, 103
  • U.S. policy toward Korea, 8–9
• Joint Provost Marshal Command, 75
• Jones, Howard, 281, 289, 367, 370n, 460n, 499, 505–507, 508n, 509n, 513, 516n
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 473–474
• Jones, John W., 434
• Jones, William G., 2n, 3, 10n, 11n, 34n, 35n, 38n, 41n, 55n, 65, 72, 81n, 85n, 94, 101n, 107n, 114, 141n, 149n, 154, 158n, 162n, 163n, 165n, 171, 174n, 197n, 198, 204, 207n, 220n, 224n, 226n, 228n, 229, 232n, 233n, 237n, 277n, 351n
  • Chang, meetings with, 301n
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea, 64
  • U.S. military assistance to Korea, 13–15
• Joy, M. G. L., 72, 99
• Judd, Walter H., 195n, 522
• Jung Kook Rok, Gen., 461
• Junkermann, Col. Howard, 120, 124
• Kang Sung Tae, 52
• Katsura, Taro, 108n
• Katz-Suchy, J., 186
• Ketel, D., 257
• Khrushchev, Nikita S., 475–476
• Kim, Maj., 143
• Kim, C. H., 513
• Kim Chong-won, 336, 339
• Kim Chung Yul, 472, 501–502, 512, 516–517, 520–521, 522n, 527, 528, 534, 535, 536
• Kim Hyon-chol, 268, 370n
  • economic situation in Korea, 385, 386, 515
  • U.S. economic assistance to Korea, 514–515
  • U.S. military assistance to Korea, 513–514
• Kim Hyong-gun, 268
• Kim Sok-Pom, Maj. Gen., 137
• Kim Yong Chan, 116n
• Kim Yong-sik, 107
• Kim Yong-u, 268, 331, 333, 370n, 433, 459n, 469n
• Kim Yu-t’aek, 5
• Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of:
  • future developments, estimate on, 286–289
  • military capability, 69, 114, 287–288, 323, 352
  • modern military equipment in, 362
  • NNSC activities in, 26
  • propaganda by, 99
  • subversive activities in Korea, 75–77, 470
  • U.S. policy statement on (NSC 5702/2), 498
• Korea, Republic of (see also:
  • Commonwealth forces in Korea
  • Economic situation in Korea
  • Foreign policy of Korea
  • Korean Armistice
  • Korean reunification
  • Military assistance to Korea
  • Military program for Korea
  • Military situation in Korea
  • Modern military equipment for Korea
  • Political situation in Korea
  • ROK Army
  • U.S. economic assistance to Korea
  • U.S. military assistance to Korea
  • U.S. military presence in Korea
  • U.S. policy toward Korea):
  • Agreed Minute of Understanding with U.S., Nov. 17, 1954, 4n, 12–15, 125, 147–148, 178, 294, 375–376, 532
  • anti-Americanism in, 163–164
  • civil war, possible, 332–333
  • communist objectives re, 376
  • communist subversion in, 75–77, 182–185, 470
  • developments through 1957, estimates on, 215–217, 334–340
  • Korean Labor Party (KLP), 75, 76
  • merchant vessels for, 462
  • Mutual Defense Treaty with U.S., Oct. 1, 1953, 2, 375, 475
  • national goals, need for, 298–299
  • National Police, 75, 185
  • symbolic importance to U.S., 396, 486–487
  • U.S. Embassy, demonstrations at, 113
  • U.S. information and education programs, 297
• Korea Civil Assistance Command (KCAC), 77–78
• Korean Armistice, 1
  • articles 13(c) and 13(d). See Modern military equipment for Korea.
  • communist abrogation, U.S. policy on, 46
  • communist violations (see also under Modern military equipment for Korea), 57–58, 123, 124, 126
  • denunciation of, Rhee’s proposal for, 368
  • Korean abrogation, U.S. policy on, 5–6, 45–46
  • termination of, Taylor’s proposal for, 108–110
  • U.S. compliance issue, 44, 97–99
  • U.S. policy on, 44
  • U.S. policy statement on (NSC 5702/2), 495–497
• Korean Labor Party (KLP), 75, 76
• Korean Republic, 131
• Korean reunification (see also International conference on Korea), 518
  • Radford’s position, 219
  • Rhee’s position, 98, 347–348
  • U.S. initiative, Dowling’s proposal for, 518n
  • U.S. policy on, 47–48, 469
    • NSC 5702/2 statement, 497–498
• Kyungmudae Police, 75
• Lacy, William S. B., 102, 122, 139n, 143n, 159n
  • appointment as Ambassador, 63n
  • Hoover’s Korea visit, 169, 170
  • Korean Armistice, U.S. compliance issue, 97–99
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 67–68
  • Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission:
    • Korean demonstrations against, 156, 160n
    • personnel reductions, 126
    • withdrawal from Korea, 134–135, 136–137
  • resignation, 169n, 176
  • ROK Army force reductions, 104–107
  • U.S. Embassy, demonstrations at, 113
• Lancaster, Bruce M., 154, 158n, 165n
• Lane, Samuel O., 193
• Lay, James S., Jr., 42–43, 322n, 341, 374, 389n, 412, 416n, 444n, 480n, 481n
• Lee Bum Suk, 335, 339
• Lee Hahn-bin, 513
• Lee Joong-chai, 52
• Leigh, Monroe, 305, 308, 356, 358
• Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L., 109n, 120, 125, 347n, 370n
  • communist subversion in Korea, 470
  • Eisenhower, meeting with, 469–471
  • Hoover’s Korea visit, 169, 170
  • Korean repossession of areas south of 38th parallel, possible, 143–144
  • military program for Korea, 483–484
  • modern military equipment for Korea:
    • aircraft, 210–211
    • army combat matériel, 211–213
    • authorization for, 345, 464n
    • interpretation of Armistice to permit equipment, 201, 202n, 210, 350
    • nuclear-capable weapons, 465–466, 471, 484
    • progress reports, 500, 506–507
    • public announcements re, 256
    • reports on equipment for NNSC, 285–286, 437n
    • ROK force reductions and, 447
    • ROK forces, equipment for, 507
    • U.N. allies, consultations by, 499
  • NNSC, Korean demonstrations against, 144–145, 159–161, 210
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
    • DMZ restriction for inspection teams, 198n, 202n, 243–244
    • formal dissolution, proposal for, 349
    • Korean demand for withdrawal, 134–135, 138–140, 143–147
    • suspension of clauses relating to operations of NNSC, 271, 285
  • ROK Army force reductions, 459n, 485
    • negotiations on reductions, 457, 459–460, 461–462, 483–484, 499
    • recommendations re, 177–178
  • U.S. military presence in Korea:
    • morale of troops, 470
    • reduction of forces, 471
  • Yi, attitude toward, 331
• Leonhart, William, 415n, 428, 434, 437–438, 441–442, 457n, 481n
• Leviero, Anthony, 283n
• Liardet, Brig. H. M., 428
• Litzenberg, Gen. H.L., 437n, 460–461
• Lloyd, John Selwyn, 373
• Loper, Maj. Gen. Herbert B., 388
• Lough, N. V., 433
• Lundberg, Arne, 206n
• Luxembourg, 264
• MacArthur, Douglas, II, 214, 243, 331, 465n, 511–512
• MacDonald, Donald S., 291
• Macmillan, Harold, 89, 90–92, 95, 100, 422
• Macomber, William B., Jr., 233, 236, 443
• Macy, Robert M., 340–341
• Makins, Sir Roger, 34
• Malaya, 58
• Marquat, Maj. Gen. W. F., 119, 127–128
• Massive retaliation policy, 394, 397–398, 448–449
• Maybee, J. R., 430, 433
• McCardle, James J., 72, 73, 249, 253, 257
• McClurkin, Robert J. G., 5n, 10n, 13, 26, 34n, 35n, 41n, 49n, 55n, 101n, 107–108, 112, 113n, 116n, 118n, 120, 124, 125n, 129, 141n, 153n, 158n, 165n, 187n, 191, 193n
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea, 154–155, 195–196, 197–198
  • ROK Army force reductions, 114–116
• McConaughy, Walter, 257
• McCormick, 529, 530
• McGuire, Perkins, 284n, 286
• Megee, Gen. V. E., 330–331
• Melbourne, Roy M., 166n, 196–197
• Menzies, Robert G., 91
• Merchant, Livingston T., 149n
• Merchant vessels for Korea, 462
• Military Armistice Commission (MAC):
  • function of, 15n
  • meetings, 126, 274n, 275n, 278n, 460–461
• Military program for Korea:
  • adoption of alternative B, 401–402
  • alternative proposals, text of (NSC 5702), 374–384
  • draft policy paper, 404–406, 407–412, 416–419, 440–441, 444n, 481n
  • economic aspects for U.S., 445, 446–447
  • final text (NSC 5702/2), 489–498
  • JCS position, 389–390, 392–393
  • massive retaliation policy, 448–449
  • NSC discussions re, 392–402, 420–427, 443–454, 480–489
  • OCB report on, 406–407
  • repercussions on other aspects of Korean problem, 403–404
  • resumption of hostilities by Korea, U.S. response to, 412–413, 496–497
  • State Department position, 390–391
  • Wilson’s position, 393–394, 399, 401–402
• Military situation in Korea:
  • improvements under U.S. policies, 292–293
  • Korean repossession of areas south of 38th parallel, possible, 134–135, 137–138, 143–144, 146, 157, 294
  • Macy report on, 340–341
• Millet, Pierre, 249, 251, 252–253, 260, 279
• Milne, Matilda L., 384
• Milton, Hugh M., II, 195n
• Minsen (Korean Minority Group of the Japanese Communist Party), 77
• Modern military equipment for Korea (see also Military program for Korea), 215, 219
  • action on equipment issue prior to NNSC resolution, proposed, 237–239
  • aircraft, 200, 206, 210–211, 295
  • Armistice prohibitions on, 16n
  • army combat matériel, 211–213
  • authorization for, 345, 464n, 474
  • Bowie’s position, 441n,
  • Commonwealth countries, U.S. consultations with, 427–431, 433–437, 454–457
  • communist violations of Armistice issue, 29, 38, 39, 206, 360–361, 362, 387–389, 408–409, 410–412, 421–422, 423, 426, 456
  • defensive purpose of weapons, 447
  • domestic political considerations, 423–424
  • equipment to be shipped (see also specific weapons types), 122, 345
    • State-Defense agreement on, 415–416
    • State-Defense consultations re, 300–301, 305–309, 320–322, 331
  • French position, 96
  • Honest John missiles. See nuclear-capable weapons below.
  • Hull’s support for, 70
  • interpretation of Armistice to permit equipment, 295, 305, 350
    • Robertson’s position, 131n
    • State-Defense consultations re, 123, 124, 200–202, 210, 283, 284–285, 305–309
    • State Department position, 263
  • military advantages issue, 101–102
  • naval combat matériel, 213
  • news stories on, 283n, 284, 466
  • nuclear-capable weapons, 203, 286, 303, 393
    • authorization for, 366–367
    • Brucker’s position, 464–465
    • Defense Department position, 360–363, 482
    • Dowling’s position, 364
    • Dulles’ position, 394–395, 440, 443
    • economic aspects, 443, 482
    • Eisenhower’s position, 471
    • introduction of weapons, 526, 530, 532–533
    • JCS position, 322–323, 333–334, 423, 424–425, 447–448, 467–468
    • Korean position, 433
    • legal opinions on, 304–305, 331, 356–358, 362
    • Lemnitzer’s position, 465–466, 484
    • “monster weapons” issue, 445–446, 452
    • NATO consultations re, 426, 427
    • obsolescent weapons, 441–442
    • public announcements re, 466, 533
    • Robertson’s position, 300–301, 329–330
    • State-Defense consultations re, 305–309, 356–358, 387–389
    • State-Defense differences, 410–412, 444n
    • State Department position, 342–343, 359–360, 408–409, 421–422, 424, 425–427
    • Stump’s position, 466n
    • U.K. position, 395
    • U.S. allies’ position, 357–358, 359, 447, 506
    • Wilson’s position, 341–342
  • OCB statement on, 189
  • policy statement on (NSC 5702/2), 493
  • progress reports, 473–474, 500, 506–507
  • public announcements re, 256, 432–433, 452, 466, 533
    • Commonwealth countries’ concerns, 427–431, 434–437, 454–457
    • MAC announcement, 460–461
    • State Department position, 431–434
    • U.S. plan for, 434n, 437–438, 439–440
  • reports on equipment for NNSC, 285–286, 303, 304, 305–309, 436–437, 451–452, 455
  • “restoration of balance” view of, 67–68
  • Rhee’s position, 290, 463
  • ROK force reductions and, 320, 325–326, 328–329, 333–334, 446, 447, 482–483, 484, 485, 503, 504n, 505n, 526
  • ROK forces, equipment for, 303, 304, 305, 309, 310, 451, 485
    • Defense Department position, 111
    • Korean position, 460n, 476, 479
    • Radford’s position, 500
    • surplus U.S. stock, 507, 508–509, 510
    • U.S. allies’ concerns, 436, 439–440
  • Swedish position, 206n
  • Taylor’s position, 86–87, 108n
  • 280-mm gun. See nuclear-capable weapons above.
  • U.K. position, 90–91, 95–96, 100, 200, 289–290
  • U.N. allies, consultations by, 38–39, 41, 42, 102, 111–112, 201, 202, 271–272, 290, 345n, 499
  • U.N. debate re, 522
  • unilateral action, proposal for, 213–214
  • United Nations, report for, 456, 461
• Moore, Adm., 197
• Moote, Capt., 305, 308n
• Mott, Capt. W. C., 356, 388, 436
• Moyer, Raymond T., 36–37, 117, 386, 513
• Muller, Charles, 260, 261
• Munro, Sir Leslie, 429–430, 435, 437
• Murphy, Robert D., 5n, 66n, 88n, 101n, 149n, 158n, 166n, 180, 215, 228n, 232n, 243, 244n, 262n, 265n, 276n, 278n, 300, 301n, 354n, 387
  • civil war in Korea, possible, 332
  • international conference on Korea, 258
  • modern military equipment for Korea:
    • aircraft, 200
    • French position, 96
    • interpretation of Armistice to permit equipment, 200, 201, 202, 284–285
    • nuclear-capable weapons, 286, 359
    • progress reports, 473, 500
    • reports on equipment for NNSC, 286
    • ROK forces, equipment for, 508–509, 510
    • Taylor’s position, 86–87
    • U.K. position, 95–96
    • U.N. allies, consultations by, 38, 271–272
  • Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission:
    • liaison officers at ports of entry, 65–66
    • personnel reductions, 41, 50, 81, 82n, 141
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
    • DMZ restriction for inspection teams, 198, 199–200, 276n
    • Eisenhower’s position, 149
    • suspension of clauses relating to operations of NNSC, 99–100, 122, 129, 130, 257–262, 265, 269n, 271, 285
    • Swiss-Swedish proposal for, 49–50
    • Taylor’s position, 85–87
    • U.S. course of action, 20–26, 140, 141, 171, 172–174
  • ROK Army force reductions, 509–510
• Mutual Defense Treaty, U.S.-Korea, 2, 11, 375, 475
• Napier, Lt. Col. Jack P., 118n
• National Police, ROK, 75, 185
• National Security Council (NSC):
  • actions:
    • No. 1004, 46
    • No. 1322, 18, 92
    • No. 1340, 37n
    • No. 1352, 59, 68
    • No. 1381, 71–72
    • No. 1399, 94
    • No. 1519, 220
    • No. 1607, 314
    • No. 1660, 402, 403n
    • No. 1694, 420
    • No. 1695, 427, 439
    • No. 1696, 427
    • No. 1731, 453–454
  • documents:
    • NSC 156/1, 118n, 217
    • NSC 170/1, 5–6, 37–38
    • NSC 5514, 42–48, 56–59, 217, 309, 351–352, 374
      • Progress Reports, 189–190, 292–297, 406–407
    • NSC 5702. See Military program for Korea.
  • meetings:
    • 235th (Feb. 3, 1955), 17–18
    • 238th (Feb. 24, 1955), 17–18
    • 240th (Mar. 10, 1955), 56–59
    • 245th (Apr. 21, 1955), 68–72
    • 248th (May 12, 1955), 92–94
    • 269th (Dec. 8, 1955), 182n, 194
    • 276th (Feb. 9, 1956), 217–220
    • 297th (Sept. 20, 1956), 309–314
    • 304th (Nov. 15, 1956), 348
    • 311th (Jan. 31, 1957), 392–402
    • 318th (Apr. 4, 1957), 420–427
    • 326th (June 13, 1957), 443–454
    • 334th (Aug. 8, 1957), 480–489
• Nes, David G., 269, 270n, 272n, 272n, 275, 276n, 277n, 278n, 289n, 290, 291, 303, 305, 320n, 329n, 333n, 340n, 345n, 351n, 357–358, 359n, 366n, 367, 390n, 404n, 406n, 407n, 418n, 427n, 428, 431n, 433n, 434, 439n, 454n, 457n, 509n
  • ROK Army force reductions, 315–320
• Netherlands, 261, 264, 279n, 506
• Neutral Nations Repatriation Commission, 186
• Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission (see also NNSC withdrawal from Korea):
  • communist espionage, alleged, 2–3
  • communist manipulation of, 57, 69
  • Korea (DPRK), activities in, 26
  • Korean demonstrations against, 133n, 137, 138, 148n, 154n, 155
    • government’s role in, 161
    • Lemnitzer’ s report on, 159–161
    • resumption of, possible, 210, 214, 223–224, 226–227
    • Rhee’s attitude toward, 144–145, 156–158, 160
    • suspension of, 173, 174, 195–196, 197–198
  • Korean installations, inspection of, 48–49, 61–62
  • Korean threats against, 7–8, 23, 55, 86
  • liaison officers at ports of entry, proposal for, 65–66
  • members of, 1
  • personnel reductions:
    • Chinese position, 39
    • compromise agreements, 81–83, 102, 112, 126, 131n, 141, 142, 150–151, 158
    • consultations by U.N. allies re, 41–42
    • Swedish position, 247
    • Swiss position, 61–62, 65n, 254
    • Swiss-Swedish proposals for, 10, 35, 64, 65, 81
    • U.S. position, 40–41, 50, 248, 255
  • protection of forces, 28, 32, 33
  • purpose of, 1
• New York Times, 283, 441, 534
• New Zealand (see also Commonwealth forces in Korea):
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 429–430, 435, 455, 456
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea, 251–252, 261, 264, 279n
• Ngo Dinh Diem, 504n
• Nixon, Richard M., 70, 402, 452
• NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
  • build-up of forces and, 71
  • Chinese–U.N. withdrawal from Korea, proposed, 130
  • communist opposition, 39, 126
  • DMZ restriction for inspection teams, 173
    • communist acceptance, 207–209, 241n, 266–268, 275–276
    • communist counter-proposals (see also International conference on Korea), 204–207, 221n
    • communist intransigence in negotiations, 239–240
    • communist rejection, 179n
    • deadline issue, 187–188, 195–196, 221–223, 228–231
    • Defense Department position, 179
    • proposal for, 159n, 165–166
    • provisional withdrawal option, 231–232, 277–280
    • Rhee informed of negotiation progress, 224–225, 226–227, 230
    • State-Defense consultations re, 198–202, 207–209
    • State–JCS consultations re, 214–215, 243–244
    • Swedish compromise proposal, 239–240
    • Swedish position, 205–206, 225–226
    • Swiss position, 196–197, 204n, 225, 231–232
    • Swiss-Swedish negotiation effort, 187–188, 193–194, 195–196, 197–198, 199, 204–207, 221n, 231n
    • U.N. allies, consultations by, 248–253
    • UNC reports following, 276–277
    • unilateral action by UNC (see also suspension of clauses relating to operations of NNSC below), 213–214, 218–219, 220–221, 223–224, 244–245, 246, 248–253
    • U.S.–Swedish consultations re, 204–207, 229–231, 239–240
    • U.S.–Swiss consultations re, 174–175
  • Eisenhower’s position, 149
  • formal dissolution, Lemnitzer’s proposal for, 349
  • Hull’s position, 27n
  • Indochina situation and, 207, 250–251, 260–261
  • international conference proposal. See International conference on Korea.
  • JCS position, 129
  • Korean demand for withdrawal, 1, 18–19, 50–52, 134–135, 136–137, 138–140, 148
    • consultations by U.N. allies re, 141–142
    • deadline extension, 148n
    • Lemnitzer-Rhee meeting re, 143–147
    • U.S. response, 142
  • Lemnitzer’s position, 209–210
  • removal of Swedes by U.S., possible, 173
  • suspension of clauses relating to operations of NNSC:
    • announcement re, 272, 274n
    • communist position, 275n
    • communist position on DMZ option, impact on, 267
    • consultations by U.N. allies re, 257–262, 263–265, 269n, 278–280
    • execution of, 280n
    • French position, 101n
    • interval between announcement and implementation, 265–266, 269–270, 271, 272
    • Korean position, 262n
    • Lemnitzer’s assessment of, 285
    • proposals for, 88–90, 92–94, 256, 257–258
    • report to U.N. re, 290, 299–300
    • State-Defense consultations re, 120–124, 128–130
    • U.S. position, 262–263
    • U.S.–U.K. consultations re, 99–100, 269–270
  • Swedish withdrawal, plan for, 64
  • Swiss-Chinese consultations re, 83
  • Swiss-Swedish proposal for, 3, 7–8, 10, 15, 17, 18, 19, 21, 39–40, 49–50
  • Taylor’s position, 85–87
  • U.N. allies, consultations by, 34–35
  • U.N. debate re, 294, 372–373
  • U.S. course of action (see also suspension of clauses relating to operations of NNSC above):
    • deadline issue, 166–167, 171–172, 178–179
    • four-step strategy, 21, 25–26, 28–29, 30–33
    • State-Defense assessment of options, 149–154, 155, 171–174
    • Swiss and Swedes consulted on, 140–141, 154–155, 158–159, 165–166
    • unilateral approach, 15–16, 17–18, 19–28, 29–30, 69–70
  • U.S. position, 1
• Norred, Christopher A., Jr., 13, 66n, 114, 177n, 187n, 239, 241, 244n, 248n, 249, 253n, 255n, 257, 262n, 263n, 265n, 300n, 349n, 351n, 359n, 390n
• North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), 426, 427, 508–509
• Nuclear weapons (see also under Modern military equipment for Korea):
  • communists’ possession of, 115
  • massive retaliation policy, 394, 397–398, 448–449
• Nunley, William T., 204, 229, 249, 257, 428, 434
• Ockey, William G., 281–282, 431–432, 509n, 513
• O’Connor, Roderic L., 67, 149
• Okinawa, 470
• Operations Coordinating Board, 42n
  • military program for Korea, 406–407
  • ROK internal security forces, 182–186
  • U.S. policy toward Korea, 189–190, 292–297
• Paik, Gen., 501
• Paik Sun Yup, 536
• Paik Tu Chin, 52, 54, 234–235, 268
  • economic situation in Korea:
    • exchange rate, 120, 125
    • ROK Army and, 118
    • taxation of U.S. businesses, 168
    • U.S.-Korean conference on (1955), 116n, 117, 118, 125, 133
  • U.S. economic assistance to Korea, 117, 118, 167–168
• Palmer, Gardner E., 508n, 509n
• Palmer, Gen. Williston B., 271
• Pargas, Capt., 257
• Park Chon II, 534
• Parks, Gen. Harlan C., 16n, 126
• Parsons, Howard L., 116n, 118n, 289–290, 305, 331, 363n, 387n, 404n, 413n, 428, 434, 475n, 504
  • exchange rate in Korea, 386–387
  • Macy report, 340–341
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 350
    • authorization for, 345
    • equipment to be shipped, 320–322, 345
    • nuclear-capable weapons, 342–343, 366–367
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea, 349
  • political situation in Korea, 343–344
  • ROK Army force reductions:
    • justifications for, 315, 320n
    • Korean proposal, U.S. response to, 523–524, 529, 530
    • Modern military equipment for Korea and, 333–334
    • negotiations on reductions, 457n, 461
  • Strom’s final despatch from Korea, 291, 297–299
  • U.S. economic assistance to Korea, 191–193
• Pate, Gen. Randolph McC., 243, 271, 498
• Petitpierre, Max, 165, 253–254
• Philippines, 58, 261, 264
• Phleger, Herman, 41n, 88, 244n, 322n, 331
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 112
    • communist violations of Armistice issue, 388
    • interpretation of Armistice to permit equipment, 200–201, 202
    • nuclear-capable weapons, 203, 357, 358
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea, 23–24, 25, 26, 122, 123, 276n
• Pinay, Antoine, 89
• Poland. See Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission; NNSC withdrawal from Korea.
• Political situation in Korea:
  • Chang “elimination” plot, 301–303
  • Chang’s criticism of, 511–512
  • conspiratorial character of, 184
  • coup against Rhee, possible, 181
  • future developments, estimate on, 216–217
  • improvements under U.S. policies, 293
  • internal security situation and, 184–185
  • ministerial changes (1956), 268
  • post-election (1956) developments, 335–336
  • Presidential election of 1956, 105, 106, 268, 335
  • ROK Army and, 104–105, 106–107, 317–318, 327, 328, 365–366
  • succession issue, 190, 295, 334, 336–337, 343–344, 365–366
  • U.S. policy statement on (NSC 5702/2), 494
• Pountney, Lt. Col. J. A., 428
• Prisoners of Korean war, 186
• Prochnow, Herbert V., 191, 281n
• Prochnow Committee, 191–193, 281–282, 351–353
• Proctor, Carolyn J., 508n
• Public Law 480, 167, 168, 385, 386, 514–515
• Pyo Wook Han, 10n, 35, 117, 173, 513
  • anti-Americanism in Korea, 163–164
  • exchange rate issue, 385, 387
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea, 260, 261, 262n
• Pyun Yung Tai, 18–19, 50n, 52, 136n
• Quarles, Donald A.:
  • military program for Korea, 446, 452
  • modern military equipment for Korea:
    • nuclear-capable weapons, 506, 532–533
    • ROK force reductions and, 446
    • ROK forces, equipment for, 507, 508
  • ROK Army force reductions, 509n
• Quemoy and the Matsus, 218, 219–220
• Radford, Adm. Arthur W., 37n, 217, 388, 412n, 489n
  • civil war in Korea, possible, 332, 333
  • Commonwealth forces in Korea, reduction of, 59n
  • disarmament issue, 244
  • Japan, U.S. military forces in, 311–312
  • Korea (DPRK), modern military equipment in, 362n
  • Korean Armistice, communist violations of, 57, 124
  • Korean reunification, 219
  • massive retaliation policy, 449
  • military program for Korea:
    • draft policy paper, 416–418
    • economic aspects for U.S., 447
    • JCS position, 389–390
    • NSC discussions re, 446, 447–448, 450, 451, 452, 485, 486
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 215, 219
    • Commonwealth countries, U.S. consultations with, 428–429, 430, 455
    • communist violations of Armistice issue, 388, 423, 456
    • defensive purpose of weapons, 447
    • equipment to be shipped, 305–308, 331
    • interpretation of Armistice to permit equipment, 305–308
    • nuclear-capable weapons, 303, 305–308, 322–323, 331, 423, 424–425, 446, 447–448, 467–468
    • progress reports, 500
    • public announcements re, 455, 456, 457
    • reports on equipment for NNSC, 303, 305–309, 451
    • “restoration of balance” view of, 67–68
    • ROK force reductions and, 447
    • ROK forces, equipment for, 303, 451, 485, 500
    • U.N. allies, consultations by, 111, 271–272, 499
  • NNSC personnel reductions, 41
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
    • DMZ restriction for inspection teams, 205, 215, 218–219
    • JCS position, 129
    • suspension of clauses relating to operations of NNSC, 88, 93–94, 122, 123, 124, 129–130, 271
    • unilateral action by U.S., 15–16, 17, 20–21, 22, 23, 24, 25–27
  • Rhee, assessment of, 219
  • ROK Army:
    • reduction of forces, 56, 309–310, 311–312, 322–325, 457n
    • reserve divisions, 486
  • U.N. Command:
    • Korean commander, possible, 448
    • withdrawal by member countries, possible, 58
  • U.S. military presence in Korea, 449, 450
  • U.S. policy toward Korea, 8–9
  • Yi, attitude toward, 331, 332
• Rae, S. F., 436, 455, 456, 457
• Raymond, Col. John M., 149n, 305, 308n, 356, 358, 428, 434
• Reinhardt, G. Frederick, 508n
• Rhee, Madame Syngman, 5, 462, 534
• Rhee, Syngman:
  • communist threat, international, 346–347, 368–370
  • coup against, possible, 181
  • domination of political scene, 336
  • Dowling, attitude toward, 331
  • Dulles, meetings with, 233, 236
  • Dulles’ attitude toward, 485
  • economic situation in Korea:
    • exchange rate, 3–5, 53, 54, 83, 84n, 85n, 131–133
    • taxation of U.S. businesses, 175–176
  • Eisenhower, correspondence with, 2, 11–13, 354–356, 463–464, 468–469, 478–480, 503–504
  • Eisenhower’s attitude toward, 348
  • future course of action, estimates on, 216
  • Herter, meeting with, 511
  • Hoover’s Korea visit, 169, 170
  • Japan, relations with Korea, 108, 370, 479
  • Korean Armistice:
    • denunciation of, proposed, 368
    • U.S. compliance issue, 97, 98
  • Korean repossession of areas south of 38th
  • parallel, possible, 134–135, 144, 146, 157
  • Korean reunification, 98, 347–348, 518
  • mental and physical condition, 180, 504, 511
  • merchant vessels for Korea, 462
  • military action, possible demand for, 180–181
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 290, 433, 463, 479
  • Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission, 122
    • Korean demonstrations against, 137, 144–145, 148n, 156–158, 160–161, 195n
    • Korean installations, inspection of, 48–49
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
    • DMZ restriction for inspection teams, 218, 224–225, 226–227, 230
    • Korean demand for withdrawal, 19, 51–52, 134–135, 139–140, 143–147, 148n
    • suspension of clauses relating to operations of NNSC, 285
  • Radford’s assessment of, 219
  • re-election (1956), 268, 335–336
  • Robertson, meetings with, 367–370
  • Robertson’s assessment of, 180
  • ROK Army force reductions, 505n
    • economic factors, 104, 105
    • Eisenhower’s letter re, 468–469, 503n, 504
    • Korean proposal, 516–517, 522n
    • negotiations on reductions, 459–460, 461–462, 483–484
    • position on, 463–464, 534–535
  • ROK internal security forces, 75, 76, 79
  • shortcomings as leader, 291, 298
  • Stassen, meetings with, 51, 52–55
  • succession issue, 336–337
  • United Nations:
    • Korean membership in General Assembly, 518
    • Soviet expulsion from, proposed, 346
  • U.S. economic assistance to Korea:
    • investment projects, 36
    • Japan as beneficiary of, 132
    • Korean complaints about, 107–108
    • Korean cooperation problem, 62
  • U.S. Embassy, demonstrations at, 113
  • U.S. military assistance to Korea, 338–339
  • U.S. policy toward Korea:
    • criticisms of, 517–518
    • security of Korea, commitment to, 11
• Richards, James P., 511n, 512
• Ridgway, Gen. Matthew B., 23, 25
• Robbins, Capt. Berton, 285, 305, 308n, 356, 385, 529
• Robertson, Reuben B., 388, 422, 423–424, 426
• Robertson, Walter S., 58n, 107, 149n, 165n, 174n, 191, 220n, 278n, 300–301, 315n, 322n, 427n, 478n, 505
  • civil war in Korea, possible, 332
  • Commonwealth forces in Korea, 67, 162
  • communist threat, international, 368–370
  • coup against Rhee, possible, 181
  • economic situation in Korea:
    • exchange rate, 85n, 131, 133n, 147, 385–386
    • inflation, 385
    • taxation of U.S. businesses, 175–177
    • U.S.-Korean conference on (1955), 116, 117, 133n
    • U.S.-Korean conference on (1956), 296n
  • international conference on Korea, 244–246
  • Japan, relations with Korea, 370
  • Korea (DPRK), military capability of, 352
  • Korea visit, 367–370
  • Korean Armistice, 5–6, 368
  • Macy report, 340
  • military program for Korea:
    • draft policy paper, 404–406, 440–441
    • OCB report on, 406–407
    • State Department position, 390–391
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 215, 303
    • action on equipment issue prior to NNSC resolution, proposed, 237, 239n
    • aircraft, 206
    • authorization for, 345
    • Commonwealth countries, U.S. consultations with, 428, 429, 430, 434, 435, 436, 437, 455, 456
    • communist violations of Armistice issue, 206, 388, 456
    • equipment to be shipped, 305–309, 320, 322n, 331, 345
    • interpretation of Armistice to permit equipment, 131n, 201, 202, 305–309, 350
    • military advantages issue, 101–102
    • nuclear-capable weapons, 203, 305–309, 329–330, 331
    • public announcements re, 431, 432n, 434, 435, 439–440
    • reports on equipment for NNSC, 305–309, 455
    • ROK forces, equipment for, 309, 436, 439–440, 476
    • U.N. allies, consultations by, 102, 112, 499
    • United Nations, report for, 456
  • Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission:
    • Korean demonstrations against, 133n, 226–227
    • Korean installations, inspection of, 62
    • personnel reductions, 102, 131n
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
    • DMZ restriction for inspection teams, 173, 179n, 187–188, 193–194, 195, 196n, 197, 198n, 199, 204, 205–209, 214–215, 218, 221, 223n, 226–227, 239–240, 243–245, 267, 276n
    • formal dissolution, proposal for, 349
    • Indochina situation and, 207
    • Korean demand for withdrawal, 148
    • suspension of clauses relating to operations of NNSC, 121, 122, 129, 130
    • Swiss-Swedish proposal for, 21
    • unilateral action by U.S., 21, 22, 23, 25, 26
    • U.S. course of action, 140, 166–167, 171–174, 178
  • political situation in Korea, 302n
  • Rhee, assessment of, 180
  • Rhee, meetings with, 367–370
  • ROK Army:
    • loyalty to U.S., 180–181
    • U.S. policy toward, 352–353
  • ROK Army force reductions, 104, 333, 435
    • Korean proposal, U.S. response to, 523, 529
    • Lemnitzer’s recommendations, 177
    • military assistance reductions and, 475–476
    • negotiations on reductions, 457n, 499–500
    • non-communist countries of Far East, effect on, 353, 354
    • position on, 390–391
  • U.S. economic assistance to Korea:
    • Korean cooperation problem, 62
    • loans, 476–477
    • P.L. 480 program, 514–515
    • reductions in assistance, 353–354
  • U.S. military assistance to Korea, 475–476, 513–514
  • U.S. policy toward Korea, 351–354
  • Yi, attitude toward, 331, 332
• ROK Army (see also U.S. military assistance to Korea):
  • coup against Rhee, possible, 181
  • deterrent function, 316–317
  • economic situation in Korea and, 105–106, 118, 194, 318–319, 327–328
  • force levels. See reduction of forces below.
  • future developments, estimate on, 216
  • FY 1956 strength figure, 128
  • intelligence service, 75
  • internal security forces, 73–80, 182–186, 293–294
  • loyalty to U.S., 170, 180–181
  • modern equipment for. See under Modern military equipment for Korea.
  • negotiations on force reductions, 451, 452–453, 499–500
    • instructions for U.S. negotiators, 457–459, 509–510
    • Lemnitzer’s assessment of, 483–484
    • negotiating sessions, 459–460, 461–462, 500–502, 516, 519–522
  • personnel shortages, 375
  • political situation in Korea and, 104–105, 106–107, 317–318, 327, 328, 365–366
  • reduction of forces (see also Military program for Korea; negotiations on force reductions above), 14, 56, 395–396, 435
    • Chong’s position, 114–116
    • Decker’s position, 512
    • Dowling’s position, 364–365
    • economic factors, 105–106, 194, 318–319, 327–328
    • Eisenhower’s letter to Rhee, 468–469, 503–504
    • JCS recommendations, 178n
    • justifications for, 315–320
    • Korean position, 190, 466, 477
    • Korean press releases on, 478
    • Korean proposal, 516–517, 519–522, 536–537
    • Korean proposal, U.S. response to, 523–532, 535–536
    • Lemnitzer’s recommendations, 177–178
    • military assistance reductions and, 475–476
    • minimum force levels, 322–325, 371–372
    • modern military equipment for Korea and, 320, 325–326, 328–329, 333–334, 446, 447, 482–483, 484, 485, 503, 504n, 505n, 526
    • non-communist countries of Far East, effect on, 353, 354
    • NSC discussion re, 309–312
    • political factors, 104–105, 106–107, 318, 327, 328
    • Rhee’s position, 463–464, 534–535
    • Robertson’s position, 390–391
    • U.S.-Korean military consultations re, 459n, 471–473
    • U.S. policy statement on (NSC 5702/2), 493
  • reserve divisions, 13, 14, 486
  • U.S. policy on, 352–353
• Roosevelt, Franklin D., 351n
• Rowland, J. R., 257, 428
• Runyon, Charles, 269, 282–283, 305, 308n, 356, 357
• Ryukyu Islands, 470
• Sandys, Duncan, 395
• Sarasin, Pote, 437n
• Savut, Ilhan, 437n
• Schnyder, Felix, 10n, 49, 50, 65, 155, 165n, 179n, 199, 233n
• Schwartz, Harry, 88n
• Scott, Sir Robert, 94, 95, 96, 99–100
• SEATO Council, 58n
• Sebald, William J., 49, 107n, 176n, 177n, 224n, 227n, 228n, 232n, 233, 248n, 255n, 263n, 267, 272n, 320n, 340n, 351n, 390n
  • anti-Americanism in Korea, 163–164 Commonwealth forces in Korea, 413–414
  • demonstrations at U.S. Embassy, 113
  • international conference on Korea, 270
  • military program for Korea, 407–410, 418–419
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 38–39, 359–360, 366, 408–409
  • NNSC personnel reductions, 40–41, 81–82
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
    • DMZ restriction for inspection teams, 229–231, 249–250, 251, 252–253
    • suspension of clauses relating to operations of NNSC, 261, 262n, 269–270
    • U.S. course of action, 149–154, 171, 173, 174
• Sin Ik-hui, 268, 336
• Smith, Howard F., 120n, 125n, 281n
• Sockton, Col., 366–367
• Sohlman, Rolf, 40n
• Sohn Won-il, Adm., 52, 116n, 117, 268, 332 Son, 234
• South Africa, 264n
• Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, 58n
• Soviet Union, 98, 121, 346, 355, 475–476, 518n, 522
• Sparling, Maj. Gen. H. A., 428
• Spender, Sir Percy, 34, 434–436, 455, 456–457
• Sprague, Mansfield D., 410, 438, 464n, 471, 499, 500
  • military program for Korea, 451
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 356–357, 415–416, 430, 435, 526
  • ROK Army force reductions, 457n, 523, 525–527, 529–530Stassen, Harold E., 2, 36, 220, 311, 312, 313, 314, 446, 450
  • Rhee, meetings with, 51, 52–55
• State Department–JCS meetings, 19–27, 128–131, 214–215, 243–244, 271–272, 330–333, 498–500
• Stelle, Charles C., 26
• Stettner, Walter F., 385
• Strauss, Adm. Lewis, 453
• Strom, Carl W., 50n, 74, 175, 182n, 191, 197, 224n, 225n
  • final despatch from Korea, 291, 297–299
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 213–214
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea, 18–19, 50–52, 213–214
  • Rhee–Stassen meetings, 52–55
• Stump, Adm. Felix B., 466n, 470, 474n
• Sullivan, Charles A., 26
• Sweden (see also Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission; NNSC withdrawal from Korea), 254
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 206n
• Switzerland (see also Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission; NNSC withdrawal from Korea), 254
• Taft, William H., 108n
• Taiwan and offshore islands issue, 218, 219–220
• Tasca, Henry J., 118n
• Tasca Mission, 118
• Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 62n, 88, 92, 97, 138n, 214, 243
  • civil war in Korea, possible, 332–333
  • economic situation in Korea, 83
  • Japan, U.S. military forces in, 311
  • Korean Armistice, proposed termination of, 108–110
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 86–87, 108n, 122, 200, 201, 202
  • NNSC, communist espionage and, 3
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
    • Chinese–U.N. withdrawal from Korea, proposed, 130
    • JCS position, 129
    • position on, 85–87
    • suspension of clauses relating to operations of NNSC, 122, 123, 124, 129, 130
  • U.S. military presence in Korea, 103
  • Yi, attitude toward, 331–332, 333
• Thailand, 58, 264, 437n
• Thorsing, Oscar, 64
• Throckmorton, Col. John L., 111
• Timmons, Benson E. L., 499
• Torrenté, Henry de, 61, 65, 83, 158n, 198n, 204n
• Treasury, U.S. Department of (see also Humphrey, George M.), 404, 407
• Turkey, 260, 264, 437n
• Twining, Gen. Nathan F., 128, 214, 271, 330, 436
• Tyler, William R., 271
• U.N. Command (see also Commonwealth forces in Korea; Decker, Gen. George H.; Hull, Gen. John D.; Lemnitzer, Gen. Lyman L.; Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D.):
  • Korean commander, possible, 448
  • obligations for logistical support furnished by the U.S. to non-ROK forces, 295
  • U.S. policy statement on (NSC 5702/2), 494
  • withdrawal by member countries, possible, 58–59
• UNCMAC. See Parks, Gen. Harlan C.
• Unden, Bo Östen, 247
• Unified Command on the Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission in Korea, 299–300
• Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. See Soviet Union.
• United Kingdom (see also Commonwealth forces in Korea):
  • international conference on Korea, 250, 259–260, 270
  • Korea, relations with, 414–415
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 90–91, 95–96, 100, 200, 289–290, 395, 429, 434–435, 455, 456, 457
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea:
    • DMZ restriction for inspection teams, 250
    • suspension of clauses relating to operations of NNSC, 99–100, 264, 269–270, 278–280
• United Nations:
  • General Assembly:
    • debate on Korean question, 186–187, 294, 372–373, 522
    • Korean membership issue, 518–519
    • Resolution 1180(XII) on U.N. objectives in Korea, 522
  • modern military equipment for Korea, report re, 456, 461
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea, report re, 290, 299–300
  • role in Korea, 492
  • Soviet expulsion, proposed, 346, 355
  • world peace and, 355
• U.S. balance-of-payments problem, 312–314, 400–401
• U.S. economic assistance to Korea:
  • Agreed Minute of Understanding between Korea and U.S. (Nov. 17, 1954), 4n, 12–15, 125, 147–148, 178, 294, 375–376, 532
  • FY 1956 amounts, 116n
  • goals of, 47
  • investment projects, 36–37
  • Japan as beneficiary of, 132
  • Korean complaints about, 107–108, 117, 118, 190
  • Korean confidence in U.S. and, 376
  • Korean cooperation problem, 62–63
  • Korean requests for, 167–168, 234, 235
  • loans, 476–477
  • Macy report on, 340–341
  • P.L. 480 program, 167, 168, 385, 386, 514–515
  • Prochnow Committee study of, 191–193, 281–282
  • reductions in assistance, 353–354
  • rehabilitation program, 2
  • sales of commodities imported under aid program, 296
  • Tasca Mission recommendations, 118n
  • U.S. fulfillment of commitments, 294
• U.S. Embassy in Korea, demonstrations at, 113
• U.S. Far East Command, restructuring of, 474n
• U.S. Information Agency (USIA), 79
• U.S. information and education programs in Korea, 297
• U.S. military assistance to Korea (see also Military program for Korea):
  • Agreed Minute of Understanding between Korea and U.S. (Nov. 17, 1954), 4n, 12–15, 125, 147–148, 178, 294, 375–376, 532
  • FY 1956 amounts, 116n
  • internal security assistance, 73–80, 185–186
  • Korean requests for, 234, 235
  • local procurement issue, 128
  • LSTs for Navy, 128
  • Macy report on, 340–341
  • Prochnow Committee recommendations, 281–282, 351
  • reductions in assistance:
    • Korean response, 338–339
    • ROK Army force reductions and, 475–476
    • U.S.-Korean consultations re, 513–514
  • small arms for reserve forces, 127
  • U.S. fulfillment of commitments, 13–15, 294
  • U.S.-Korean conference on (1955), 117, 119, 127–128
• U.S. military presence in Korea (see also Military program for Korea; Modern military equipment for Korea):
  • justification for, 319–320
  • massive retaliation policy, 394, 397–398
  • minimum force levels, 371–372
  • morale of troops, 470
  • Mutual Defense Treaty between Korea and U.S. (Oct. 1, 1953), 2, 11, 375, 475
  • personnel strength, 324
  • reconnaissance flights, 103
  • reduction of forces, 449–450, 471
    • authorization for, 366–367
    • Country Team position, 364n
    • fighter bomber wing, 509n, 510
    • psychological-political effect in Korea, 326–327
• U.S. policy toward Korea (see also Military program for Korea; documents under National Security Council):
  • Agreed Minute of Understanding between Korea and U.S. (Nov. 17, 1954), 4n, 12–15, 125, 147–148, 178, 294, 375–376, 532
  • integrated plan to secure Korean cooperation, 8–9
  • new leadership, U.S. development of, 6, 37–38
  • objectives and courses of action, 351
    • NSC meetings on, 56–59, 217–220, 309–314
    • OCB reports on, 189–190, 292–297
    • reevaluations of, 351–354
  • Rhee’s criticisms of, 517–518
  • security of Korea, commitment to, 11–12
  • withdrawal from Korea, possible, 217–218
• van Voorst, Baron S. G. M., 261, 279
• Vietnam, Republic of, 518n
• Vimont, Jacques, 437n
• von Sydow, Erik, 155, 158n
• Wade, R. H., 72, 257
• Wainhouse, David W., 149n, 257
• Walmsley, Walter N., 403–404
• Ward, Adm. Chester, 356, 358
• Warne, William, 513, 514, 515, 517
• Weil, T. Eliot, 367, 527n, 533, 534–535, 536–537
• Weintraub, Sidney, 384
• Wentworth, Gen. R. D., 371n, 467n
• White, G. D. L., 249, 251–252, 261, 428, 433, 455, 456
• White, Gen. Isaac D., 159n, 137–138, 143
• White, Gen. Thomas D., 498
• Wilcox, Francis O., 244n, 305, 307, 308
• Williams, Justin, 384
• Willis, Frances E., 82–83, 159n, 165, 231–232, 253–254
• Wilson, Charles E., 303, 412n
  • Commonwealth forces in Korea, 59–61, 66, 373
  • Korea’s symbolic importance to U.S., 396
  • military program for Korea:
    • draft policy paper, 416
    • JCS position, 389
    • NSC discussions re, 482, 484, 485, 486
    • position on, 393–394, 399, 401–402
  • modern military equipment for Korea:
    • communist violations of Armistice issue, 388–389
    • interpretation of Armistice to permit equipment, 263
    • nuclear-capable weapons, 341–342, 360, 362n, 464, 467, 482, 484
    • public announcements re, 432–433
  • NNSC withdrawal from Korea, 15, 17, 262
  • ROK Army:
    • reduction of forces, 194, 322, 333–334, 371, 395–396
    • reserve divisions, 486
  • U.S. balance-of-payments problem, 314
  • U.S. military assistance to Korea, 127
  • U.S. policy toward Korea, 8, 37
• Wilson, Capt. J. R., 428
• Wisner, Frank G., 243
• Won Yung-Duk, Gen., 7n
• Wood, C. Tyler, 3, 9, 62n, 169, 192
  • economic situation in Korea:
    • exchange rate, 52, 53, 54, 55, 83–85
    • U.S.-Korean conference on (1956), 296n
  • responsibilities in Korea, 3n
  • ROK Army force reductions, 106
  • U.S. economic assistance to Korea:
    • investment projects, 36
    • Korean requests for, 167–168
• Yi Hyung-keun, Gen., 180, 181n, 268, 335
  • Korean repossession of areas south of 38th parallel, possible, 137–138
  • U.S. attitude toward, 331–332, 333
• Yi Ik-hung, 268
• Yi Ki-pung, 137, 169, 181, 216, 268, 335, 336
• Yoo Wan Chang, 192
• You Chan Yang, 107, 131, 460n
  • economic situation in Korea, 147, 296n
  • modern military equipment for Korea, 476
  • Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission:
    • communist espionage, alleged, 2–3
    • Korean installations, inspection of, 61–62
    • withdrawal from Korea, 148
  • ROK Army force reductions, 475–476
  • U.S. economic assistance to Korea, 2, 476–477
  • U.S. Embassy, demonstrations at, 113
  • U.S. military assistance to Korea, 475–476
• Youde, E. P., 241, 257, 269, 275
• Yu, Lt. Gen., 501
• Yun Wan Chang, 52
• Zablocki, Clement J., 195n
• Zehnder, Alfred:
  • Neutral Nations Supervisory Commission:
    • personnel reductions, 82–83, 253–254
    • withdrawal from Korea, 159n, 174–175, 196–197, 221n, 229n, 231–232