List of Persons

Editor’s Note. The identification of the persons in this list is generally limited to circumstances and positions under reference in this volume. Historical persons alluded to, officials noted in documents but not actively participating in substantive discussions, and individuals only mentioned in passing are not identified here. All titles and positions are American unless indicated otherwise. Where no dates are given, the official held the position throughout the period covered by this volume.

  • Achilles, Theodore C., Minister to France until May 1956
  • Adenauer, Konrad, Chancellor of the Federal Republic of Germany and, until May 1955, Minister of Foreign Affairs
  • Aldrich, Richard, Economic Counselor of the Embassy in Spain and Director, U.S. Operations Mission, ICA, from May 1956
  • Aldrich, Winthrop W., Ambassador to the United Kingdom until February 1, 1957
  • Alger, Frederick M., Jr., Ambassador to Belgium until March 27, 1957
  • Anderson, Dillon, Special Assistant to President Eisenhower for National Security Affairs, April 1955–September 1956; Consultant to the President from June 1957
  • Averoff-Tossizza, M. Evangelos, Greek Minister of Foreign Affairs from May 1956
  • Barbour, Walworth, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs until November 1955; Minister-Counselor of the Embassy in the United Kingdom, November 1955–February 1956; Deputy Chief of Mission thereafter
  • Barnes, Robert G., Director of the Executive Secretariat, Department of State, August 1955–May 1956; Special Assistant to the Under Secretary of State for Mutual Security Affairs thereafter
  • Barnett, Robert W., Officer in Charge of Economic Affairs, Office of European Regional Affairs, Department of State, until November 1955; Officer in Charge of Economic Organization Affairs, Office of European Regional Affairs, December 1955–May 1956; Economic Counselor of the Embassy in the Netherlands thereafter
  • Bech, Joseph, President, Minister of Foreign Affairs, and Minister of Foreign Trade of Luxembourg
  • Berding, Andrew H., Assistant Director of the U.S. Information Agency until March 1957; Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs thereafter
  • Bevan, Aneurin, Member of Parliament and former British Minister of Health and Minister of Labour
  • Beyen (Beijen), Johan W., Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs, concurrently with J.M.A.H. Luns, until October 1956
  • Billotte, General of the Army Pierre, Minister of National Defense and the Armed Forces of France, October 1955–January 1956
  • Blankenhorn, Herbert Adolph, West German Permanent Representative to NATO from May 1955
  • Bonbright, James C.H., Ambassador to Portugal from February 1955
  • Boochever, Louis C., U.S. Deputy Representative to the European Coal and Steel Community until January 1956; Office of European Regional Affairs, Department of State, from February 1956
  • Bourges-Maunoury, Maurice, French Minister of the Armed Forces, January–February 1955; Minister of the Interior, February 1955–January 1956; Minister of National Defense, January 1956–June 1957; Prime Minister, June–November 1957; Minister of the Interior thereafter
  • Bowie, Robert R., Director of the Policy Planning Staff, Department of State, until August 1955; Assistant Secretary of State for Policy Planning and Department of State representative to the National Security Council Planning Board, August 1955–October 1957
  • Brentano, Heinrich von, West German Minister of Foreign Affairs from June 1955
  • Brown, Winthrop G., Minister for Economic Affairs of the Embassy in the United Kingdom until June 1957
  • Bruce, David K. E., Special Consultant to the Secretary of State, January 1955–March 1957; Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany and Chief of Mission at Berlin from March 1957
  • Bulganin, Nikolai Aleksandrovich, Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Member of the Presidium of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from February 1955
  • Burgess, W. Randolph, Under Secretary of the Treasury for Monetary Affairs until July 1957; U.S. Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council from September 1957
  • Butler, Richard A., British Chancellor of the Exchequer until December 1955; Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Commons, December 1955–January 1957; Home Secretary thereafter
  • Butterworth, W. Walton, Minister of the Embassy in the United Kingdom until January 1956; U.S. Representative to the European Coal and Steel Community thereafter
  • Caetano, Marcello, Italian Deputy Prime Minister
  • Carney, Admiral Robert B., Chief of Naval Operations and member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff until August 1955
  • Cattani, Attilio, Director General of Economic Affairs, Italian Foreign Ministry
  • Cleveland, Stanley M., International Relations Officer, Office of European Regional Affairs
  • Conant, James B., U.S. High Commissioner for Germany until May 1955; Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany and Chief of Mission at Berlin, May 1955–February 1957
  • Coppe, Albert, 2d Vice President of the European Coal and Steel Community
  • Corbett, Jack C., Director of the Office of International Financial and Development Policy, Department of State
  • Couillard, Louis, Canadian Counselor of Embassy in the United States until October 1957; Chief of the Economic Section, Ministry of External Affairs, thereafter
  • Coulson, John E., British Minister to the United States, October 1955–summer 1957
  • Cullen, Lt. Col. Paul H., Secretary of the Council on Foreign Economic Policy
  • Cunha, Paulo A.V., Portuguese Minister of Foreign Affairs
  • Cutler, Robert L., Administrative and Special Assistant to President Eisenhower for National Security Affairs until April 1955 and from January 1957
  • Dale, William N., First Secretary and Consul of the Embassy in the United Kingdom until July 1956; Officer in Charge of United Kingdom and Ireland Affairs, Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State, thereafter
  • Diefenbaker, John G., Prime Minister of Canada from June 21, 1957
  • Dillon, C. Douglas, Ambassador to France until January 1957; Deputy Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs from March 1957
  • Dodge, Joseph M., Special Assistant to President Eisenhower and Chairman of the Council on Foreign Economic Policy until July 1956
  • Dulles, Allen W., Director of Central Intelligence
  • Dulles, John Foster, Secretary of State
  • Dunn, James C., Ambassador to Spain until February 1955
  • Durbrow, Elbridge, Minister-Counselor of the Embassy in Italy until October 1955
  • Eden, Sir Anthony, British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs until April 1955; Prime Minister, April 1955–January 1957
  • Eisenberg, Robert, U.S. Acting Representative to the European Coal and Steel Community until February 1956; Deputy Representative, February–April 1956; First Secretary of the Embassy in Luxembourg, March and April 1956
  • Eisenhower, Dwight D., President of the United States
  • Elbrick, C. Burke, General Deputy Assistant Secretary of State until February 1957; Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs thereafter
  • Etzel, Franz, one of the three “Wise Men” of the Common Market
  • Farley, Philip J., Deputy to the Secretary of State’s Special Assistant for Atomic Energy Affairs until October 1957; Special Assistant for Atomic Energy Affairs thereafter
  • Faure, Edgar Jean, French Minister of Foreign Affairs, January–February 1955; Prime Minister, February 1955–January 1956
  • Gaillard, Felix, French Minister of Finance, June 1957–November 1957; Prime Minister thereafter
  • Gaitskell, Hugh T. M., Member of Parliament and leader of the British Labour Party
  • George, Walter F., Democratic Senator from Georgia; Chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, January 1955–January 1957; appointed Presidential Special Representative and Personal Ambassador to study and develop the non-military aspects of NATO, May 1956
  • Giordani, Francesco, one of the three “Wise Men” of the Common Market
  • Gleason, S. Everett, Deputy Executive Secretary of the National Security Council
  • Goodpaster, Colonel Andrew J. (Brigadier General from January 1957), Staff Secretary to President Eisenhower
  • Gray, Gordon, Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs, July 1955–February 1957; Director of the Office of Defense Mobilization thereafter
  • Gronchi, Giovanni, President of Italy from April 1955
  • Gruenther, General Alfred M., Supreme Allied Commander in Europe until November 1956
  • Gudmundsson, Gudmundar J., Icelandic Minister of Foreign Affairs from July 1956
  • Gudmundsson, Kristinn, Icelandic Minister of Foreign Affairs until July 1956
  • Hagerty, James C., Press Secretary to President Eisenhower
  • Hall, John A., Director, Division of International Affairs, Atomic Energy Commission
  • Hallstein, Walter, West German Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs
  • Hansen, Hans C.S., Danish Minister of Foreign Affairs and from February 1955 Prime Minister
  • Hensel, H. Struve, Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs until June 1955
  • Herter, Christian A., Consultant to the Secretary of State from January–February 1957; Under Secretary of State and Chairman of the Operations Coordinating Board thereafter
  • Hickerson, John, Ambassador to Finland from November 1955
  • Hollister, John B., Director of the International Cooperation Administration, July 1955–July 1957
  • Holmes, Julius C., Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs
  • Houghton, Amory, Ambassador to France from April 1957
  • Howe, Fisher, Deputy Special Assistant for Intelligence, Department of State, until March 1956; Director of the Executive Secretariat thereafter
  • Humphrey, George M., Secretary of the Treasury until July 1957
  • Hussein, King of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
  • Ismay, Baron Hastings Lionel, Secretary General of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization until April 1957
  • Jebb, Sir Hubert Miles Gladwyn, British Ambassador to France
  • Jonasson, Hermann, Prime Minister of Iceland and Minister of Justice from July 1956
  • Jones, G. Lewis, Ambassador to Tunisia from October 1956
  • Jones, John W., Director of the Office of Western European Affairs, Department of State, until February 1957; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs thereafter
  • Kalijarvi, Thorsten V., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs until March 1957; Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs, March 1957–September 1957
  • Karamanlis, Constantine, Greek Prime Minister from October 1955
  • Khrushchev, Nikita Sergeevich, First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
  • Körprülü, Fuat, Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs until April 1955; Minister of State from April 1955, Deputy Prime Minister from August 1955, and Defense Minister from September 1955–November 1955; Minister of Foreign Affairs, December 1955–June 1956
  • Krekeler, Heinz L., West German Chargé d’Affaires in the United States until May 1955; Ambassador thereafter
  • Lange, Halvard M., Norwegian Minister of Foreign Affairs from February 1956
  • Larock, Victor, Belgian Minister of Foreign Affairs from May 1957
  • Lloyd, Sir John Selwyn Brooke, British Minister of Supply until April 1955; Minister of Defence, April 1955–December 1955; Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs thereafter
  • Lodge, John D., Ambassador to Spain from March 1955
  • Luce, Clare Boothe, Ambassador to Italy until December 1956
  • Luns, J.M.A.H., Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs, concurrently with Johan Beyen until October 1956; Minister of Foreign Affairs thereafter
  • MacArthur, Douglas, II, Counselor of the Department of State until December 1956
  • Macmillan, Harold, British Minister of Defence until April 1955; Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, April–December 1955; Chancellor of the Exchequer, December 1955–January 1957; Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury thereafter
  • Makins, Sir Roger M., British Ambassador to the United States until October 1956; Joint Permanent Secretary of the Treasury thereafter
  • Malagodi, Giovanni F. J., Secretary of the Italian Liberal Party
  • Marjolin, Robert E., Technical Adviser in the Cabinet of the British Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs from February 1956
  • Martin, Edwin M., U.S. Alternate Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council and Deputy Chief of the United States Mission to NATO and European Regional Organizations
  • Martino, Gaetano, Italian Minister of Foreign Affairs until May 1957
  • Matthews, H. Freeman, Ambassador to the Netherlands until June 1957; Ambassador to Austria from September 1957
  • Mayer, René, President of the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community from June 1955
  • McElroy, Neil H., Secretary of Defense from October 1957
  • McLeod, R.W. Scott, Ambassador to Ireland from July 1957
  • Menderes, Adnan, Prime Minister of Turkey
  • Menzies, Robert G., Prime Minister of Australia
  • Merchant, Livingston T., Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs until May 1956; Ambassador to Canada from May 1956
  • Moline, Edwin, Officer in Charge of Economic Organization Affairs, Office of European Regional Affairs, Department of State, May 1956–August 1957; Deputy Director, Office of British Commonwealth and Northern European Affairs thereafter
  • Mollet, Guy, Secretary-General of the French Socialist Party; President of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe until January 1956; President of the French Council of Ministers, February 1956–June 1957
  • Molotov, Vlacheslav Mikhailovich, Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs until June 1956
  • Monnet, Jean, President of the High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community until June 1955; Chairman of the Action Committee for a United States of Europe from October 1955
  • Muccio, John J., Ambassador to Iceland
  • Murphy, Robert D., Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
  • Nasser, Gamal Abdul, Prime Minister of Egypt
  • Nixon, Richard M., Vice President of the United States
  • Nolting, Frederick E., Jr., Special Assistant to the Secretary of State for Mutual Security Affairs until September 1955; First Secretary of the U.S. Mission to European Regional Organizations, September 1955–October 1955; Political Advisor to the Chief of the U.S. Mission to European Regional Organizations and Minister-Consul, Consulate General at Paris, December 1955–March 1956; Deputy Representative to the North Atlantic Council and Minister, USRO Paris, March–October 1957
  • Norman, E. Herbert, Canadian Ambassador to Egypt until April 1957
  • Norstad, General Lauris, Air Deputy, Supreme Headquarters, Allied Powers, Europe, until November 1956; Supreme Allied Commander in Europe thereafter
  • Nuri-Birgi, M., Secretary General, Turkish Ministry of Foreign Affairs until June 1957; Ambassador to the United Kingdom from June 1957
  • Ollenhauer, Erich, Chairman of the German Social Democratic Party
  • Overby, Andrew N., Assistant Secretary of the Treasury until 1957
  • Palmer, Joseph, II, Deputy Director of the Office of European Regional Affairs, Department of State, until September 1955; Acting Director until September 1956; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs thereafter
  • Parsons, Marselis C., Jr., Officer in Charge of Northern European Affairs, Office of British Commonwealth and Northern European Affairs, Department of State, until 1956; Deputy Director, Office of British Commonwealth and Northern European Affairs, January 1956–May 1956; Director thereafter
  • Patterson, Morehead, U.S. Representative to the Negotiations for the Establishment of the International Atomic Energy Agency until December 1955
  • Pearson, Lester B., Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs until June 1957
  • Pella, Giuseppe, Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs from May 1957
  • Perkins, George W., U.S. Permanent Representative to the North Atlantic Council, March 1955–October 1957
  • Peterson, Val, Ambassador to Denmark from August 1957
  • Phleger, Herman, Legal Adviser of the Department of State until April 1957
  • Pinay, Antoine, French Minister of Foreign Affairs, February 1955–January 1956
  • Pineau, Christian P., French Minister of Foreign Affairs from February 1956
  • Prochnow, Herbert V., Deputy Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs, November 1955–November 1956
  • Quarles, Donald A., Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research and Development until August 1955; Secretary of the Air Force, August 1955–April 1957; Deputy Secretary of Defense thereafter
  • Radford, Admiral Arthur W., Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff until August 1957
  • Randall, Clarence B., Special Assistant to President Eisenhower for Foreign Economic Policy and from July 1956 Chairman of the Council on Foreign Economic Policy
  • Reinstein, Jacques Joseph, Special Assistant to the Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs until July 1956; Director of the Office of German Affairs thereafter
  • Robertson, Reuben B., Jr., Deputy Secretary of Defense, August 1955–April 1957
  • Ronhovde, Andreas G., Counselor of the Embassy in the Netherlands
  • Rothschild, Robert, Belgian Chef de Cabinet
  • Rountree, William M., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern, South Asian, and African Affairs from August 1956
  • Saud Ibn Abd al Aziz al-Faisal al Saud, King of Saudi Arabia
  • Schaeffer (Schaffer), Fritz, West German Minister of Finance until October 1957
  • Schaetzel, J. Robert, Office of the Special Assistant to the Secretary of State for Atomic Energy Affairs from August 1955
  • Segni, Antonio, Prime Minister of Italy, July 1955–May 1957
  • Shepilov, Dmitrii Trofimovich, Soviet Minister of Foreign Affairs, June 1956–February 1957
  • Smith, Gerard C., Consultant to the Secretary of State until January 1956; Secretary of State’s Special Assistant for Atomic Energy Affairs, January 1956–October 1957; Assistant Secretary of State for Policy Planning thereafter
  • Smith, Sidney E., Canadian Secretary of State for External Affairs from September 1957
  • Spaak, Paul-Henri, Belgian Minister of Foreign Affairs until May 1957; Secretary General of NATO thereafter
  • Stassen, Harold E., Director of the Foreign Operations Administration until June 1955; Special Assistant on Disarmament to President Eisenhower from March 1955 and U.S. Deputy Representative to the United Nations Disarmament Commission and Sub-Committee from August 1955
  • Steel, Sir Christopher, British Permanent Representative to NATO until February 1957; Ambassador to the Federal Republic of Germany thereafter
  • Stephanopoulos, Stephan, Greek Minister of Foreign Affairs until October 1955
  • Strauss, Franz-Joseph, West German Minister for Atomic Energy until October 1955; Minister of Defense thereafter
  • Strauss, Lewis L., Chairman of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission
  • Taviani, Paolo Emilio, Italian Minister of Defense
  • Theotokis, Spyros, Greek Minister of Foreign Affairs October 1955–May 1956
  • Thompson, Llewellyn E., Ambassador to the Soviet Union from June 1957
  • Thorneycroft, Peter, President of the British Board of Trade until January 1957; Chancellor of the Exchequer thereafter
  • Timmons, Benson E.L., III, First Secretary of the Embassy in France, and Director, Foreign Operations Mission, until July 1955; Minister for Economic Affairs, July–September 1955; Director of the Office of European Regional Affairs, Department of State, thereafter
  • Tuthill, John W., Counselor for Economic Affairs of the Embassy in the Federal Republic of Germany until June 1956; Counselor for Economic Affairs of the Embassy in France thereafter
  • Tyler, William R., Deputy Director of the Office of Western European Affairs, Department of State, July 1955–February 1957; Director thereafter
  • Unger, Leonard, Officer in Charge of Political-Military Affairs, Office of European Regional Affairs, Department of State, until May 1957
  • van Acker, Achille H., Prime Minister of Belgium
  • Walmsley, Walter N., Jr., Minister-Counselor of the Embassy in the Soviet Union until October 1956; Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs thereafter
  • Walters, Colonel Vernon A., Staff Assistant to President Eisenhower and Public Information Officer of the U.S. Element, Standing Group of the Military Committee of NATO, from January 1955
  • Waugh, Samuel C., Assistant Secretary of State for Economic Affairs until August 1955; Deputy Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs, August 1955–October 1955; President and Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Export-Import Bank thereafter
  • Weeks, Sinclair, Secretary of Commerce
  • White, Francis, Ambassador to Sweden from September 1957
  • Whitney, John Hay (Jock), Ambassador to the United Kingdom from February 1957
  • Willis, Frances E., Ambassador to Switzerland until May 1957; Ambassador to Norway thereafter
  • Wilson, Charles E., Secretary of Defense until October 1957
  • Yost, Charles W., Minister-Counselor of the Embassy in France, July 1956–December 1957
  • Zellerbach, James D., Ambassador to Italy from February 1957
  • Zoli, Adone, Prime Minister of Italy from June 1957
  • Zorlu, Fatin Rüstü, Turkish Deputy Prime Minister until August 1955 and Minister of State until November 1955; Acting Minister of Foreign Affairs, April–November 1955; Minister of Foreign Affairs from November 1957