Index

• Aaland Islands, Swedish claim to, 236, 300
• Abyssinia, 302, 314
• Adriatic problem, 64–65, 301, 339, 341, 419, 421, 442–447, 450, 453–456, 460, 461–462, 471, 472, 473, 474–487
• Aerial navigation convention, French proposal for consideration by peace conference, 550–551
• Afghanistan. 73, 87, 314
• Africa (see also Liberia), 36–38, 70–71, 73, 89, 93, 97, 302, 303, 314, 337, 338, 348, 407, 409, 431–441
• Agenda of the peace conference. See Policies and proposals for peace under France, Great Britain, Japan, and United States; International labor conference and Representation on U. S. peace commission under Labor; Italy: Territorial and boundary claims; League of Nations; Liberia: Settlement of Liberian questions; Tacna-Arica dispute: Peace conference; Wilson, Woodrow : Policies and proposals for peace.
• Albania, 65, 86, 311, 362, 408, 409, 421
• Alsace-Lorraine, 47, 49, 49–50, 63–64, 84, 287, 297, 300, 373, 378–379
• American Commission to Negotiate Peace. See Commission to Negotiate Peace.
• American Expeditionary Forces, assistance at peace conference. See under Commission to Negotiate Peace.
• American Geographical Society, use of facilities by the “Inquiry,” 35, 55, 117, 184
• Andorra, 314
• Arbitration. 554, 555, 556–558, 558–559
• Argentina, question of participation in peace conference, 229–230, 231, 313–314, 314, 348, 398
• Armament reduction, discussions, 12–14, 299, 326, 491, 493, 524
• Armenia, 43, 69, 312, 348, 362–363, 408
• Armies of occupation, 341, 342, 383
• Armistice, 1–6, 341, 489
  • Announcement by President Wilson, Nov. 11, 1918, 1
  • Congratulatory messages, 1–6
    • House, Col. E. M., to President Wilson, 1
    • United States (see also Wilson, Woodrow , infra), exchanges with France, 2; Great Britain, 1, 4; Greece, 3, 6; Japan, 2–3, 4
    • Wilson, Woodrow (President):
      • Messages from—
        • House, Col. E. M., 1
        • Italy, King of, 4–5; reply, 6
      • Messages to—
        • British Prime Minister, 3–4; reply, 5
        • French Ambassador, 5
    • Japanese attitude, 2–3, 489
    • Renewal, 341
• Asia Minor, 419–420, 467–469
• Australia, alleged noninclusion in settlement of peace terms, 407–408
• Austria: Participation in peace conference, question of, 308, 309, 348, 353, 356, 363, 366, 387; U. S. mission of investigation, 190–191, 194, 195, 196, 199, 200–201, 210
• Austria-Hungary (see also Austria), study by the “Inquiry,” 33, 36–38, 43, 44–45, 48, 52, 56, 67, 85
• Baker, Newton D. (Secretary of War), declination of appointment as U. S. peace commissioner, 169–170
• Balkan problem, 36–38, 50–51, 67–68, 73, 86, 93, 97, 301
• Baltic provinces of former Russian Empire, 36–37, 65, 88, 312
• Bavaria, question of participation in peace conference, 309, 348, 353
• Belligerents, question of representation at the peace conference, 157, 225, 227, 228, 229–230, 231, 232–233, 285, 305–308, 345, 347–348, 355, 361, 386, 392, 293, 397–398, 401
• Belgium: Brussels as seat of peace conference, proposal for, 119, 123–124; participation in peace conference, question of, 265, 266, 305, 347, 355, 386, 393, 397; study by the “Inquiry,” 32, 49, 62–63, 73, 84; territorial claims, 300
• Berlin–Bagdad railway, 31, 41–42, 43
• Bliss, Gen. Tasker H.: Appointment as U. S. peace commissioner, 170, 175–176, 192; observations on proposed League of Nations agreement, 521–526
• Bohemia. See Czechoslovakia.
• Bolivia: Desire for seaport, 553–554; participation in peace conference, question of, 224–225, 232–233, 313, 348, 356, 386, 393, 398, 554, 556, 561
• Brazil, question of participation in peace conference, 75, 223–224, 225, 226, 228, 230–231, 233, 234–235, 306, 348, 355, 356, 386, 393, 398
• Bryan, William J., opposition of President Wilson to suggested appointment as U. S. peace commissioner, 159–160, 163
• Bulgaria: Participation in peace conference, question of, 309, 348, 353, 356, 363, 366, 387; study by the “Inquiry,” 33, 42, 43, 45, 47–48, 50–51, 68, 86
• Censorship, U. S. desire for removal of restrictions on U. S. Government and American press despatches from peace conference, 121, 212–214
• Central Powers, question of representation at peace conference, 308–310, 348, 353, 356–357, 363, 387–388
• Chile (see also Tacna-Arica dispute), question of participation in peace conference, 313, 314, 348, 398, 560, 561
• China, 72, 73, 75, 90, 241–245, 302, 306, 348, 355, 386, 393, 398, 490–491, 492
  • Relations with Japan, 242, 490, 490–491, 492
  • Representation at peace conference, 241–245, 306, 348, 355, 386, 393, 398
    • Delegation: Participation of both factions, 244–245; U. S. disapproval of proposed American adviser, 241–242, 243, 244
    • Japanese attitude, 242
  • Study by the “Inquiry,” 72, 73, 75, 90
  • Supreme War Council, question of representation on, 241, 242, 243
  • Territorial questions, 72, 242, 302, 490–491
• Clemenceau, Georges. See under France.
• Colombia, question of participation in peace conference, 313, 314, 348, 398
• Commission to Negotiate Peace (see also Wilson, Woodrow : Trip to Europe):
  • Accommodations in Paris, 119–120, 122, 123, 124–126, 167, 179–180, 190, 193
  • American Expeditionary Forces, assistance (see also Relations with U. S. Army and Navy, infra): Clerical, 122, 123, 193, 200, 201; counterespionage, 168, 194, 195–196, 196; courier service, 186, 203–205; military intelligence, 179–180, 182–183, 184–185, 186, 193; political intelligence agents, 191, 194–195, 200, 201, 206, 210; protection, 157, 194, 196, 197, 200; representation on Inter-Allied committees, 163–166; telegraph facilities, 206
  • Censorship of U. S. Government and American press despatches, attitude, 121, 212–214
  • Commissioners plenipotentiary: Credentials, 175–177; number, discussions concerning, 128, 156–157, 158, 160–161, 167, 170, 171, 173; official notification of names to French Government, 191–192; selection, correspondence concerning, 129, 157–158, 159–160, 162–163, 168–170, 171–173, 191; unanimity of views, necessity for, 297–298; Wilson, President, views, 159–160, 163, 168, 171–172, 173
  • Information, arrangements for securing, 179–180, 190–191, 194–211
    • Counterespionage, 194, 195–196, 196
    • Liaison, 207
    • Political intelligence agents, 179–180, 190–191, 191, 194–195, 196, 199–203, 205, 206, 209–210
    • Territorial, economic, and political intelligence section, 183–184, 208–209, 210–211
    • U. S. diplomatic missions, cooperation, 197, 202, 207
  • “Inquiry, The.” See “Inquiry.”
  • Organization and personnel (see also Commissioners plenipotentiary and Information, supra; also “Inquiry”), 128, 155–211, 214–215, 219–220
    • Advisory staff, 155–156, 162, 198
    • Appointments on basis of social prominence, criticism, 181, 188–189
    • Clerical assistance, 193, 200, 201
    • Communications, 128, 180–181, 195, 199, 200, 203–205, 206
    • Economic and financial experts, 170, 174–175, 177, 190
    • Military personnel, inadvisability of reduction, 192–193
    • Press relations, 156n , 197–198, 214–215, 219–220
    • Secretary, 158, 167, 185, 187–188, 192
    • Survey of Republican sentiment in United States, proposed, 189–190
  • Policies and proposals. See United States: Policies and proposals for peace.
  • Press relations, 156n , 197–198, 212–220
    • Censorship, efforts to secure removal of British and French restrictions on American press despatches, 212–214
    • Cooperation with press, 214–215, 218–220; status of British correspondents, 210–218
    • Erroneous press reports, 215–216
  • Protection, 157, 194, 196, 197, 200
  • Relations with U. S. Army and Navy (see also American Expeditionary Forces, supra), 128, 161, 167, 178–179, 180–181, 182–183, 184–185, 186, 192–193, 196–197, 198–199, 200, 206
  • Representation of U. S. departments and war agencies, 174–175, 177, 190, 198, 207–208
• Communications: Arrangements at peace conference for courier and telegraphic service, 121, 128, 180–181, 195, 199, 200, 203–205, 206; proposal for inclusion of proposed international telegraphic communication agreement in peace conference agenda, 535–538
• Costa Rica, question of participation in peace conference, 305, 348, 355, 361, 386, 393, 398
• Cuba, question of participation in peace conference, 225–226, 232–233, 306, 348, 355, 386, 393, 398
• Czechoslovakia (Bohemia): Participation in peace conference, question of, 264, 311, 348, 356, 361, 366, 386, 387, 393, 398; relations with Italy, 464–465; territorial questions, 301
• Dalmatian problem, 65, 67, 421, 442, 454–456, 460, 461–462, 472, 473, 475–483, 486–487
• Damages, war, proposed U. S. estimate, 137
• Date of peace conference, discussions, 129
• Day, William R. (Associate Justice of Supreme Court), declination of appointment as U. S. peace commissioner, 159
• Delegations to peace conference. See Representation.
• Denmark Participation in peace conference, question of, 236–237, 239–240, 313–314, 348, 398; restoration of Schleswig, question of, 236, 288, 300, 373
• Dominican Republic, question of participation in peace conference, 313, 348, 356, 398
• Economic questions: Consideration by peace conference, proposed, 170, 174–175; French views on inclusion in peace treaty, 377–378, 389; inclusion in draft agreement for League of Nations, 511–514, 530–531; Japanese views, 493, 494; study by the “Inquiry,” 10, 15, 18, 38, 43–44, 74, 84, 85, 87–88, 89, 91–98; U. S. policies and proposals, 299, 329–332
• Ecuador, question of participation in peace conference, 224–225, 232–233, 313, 348, 356, 386, 393, 398
• Egypt, question of participation in peace conference, 302, 306, 356
• Esthonia, question of participation in peace conference, 312, 348
• Ethiopia (see also Abyssinia), 348
• Financial questions, discussions at Inter-Allied Conference at London, December 1918, 334, 335–336, 338, 340
• Finland: Participation in peace conference, question of, 246, 301, 311, 348, 356, 362; territorial questions, 65, 73, 301
• Fiume, status of, 65, 421, 442–447, 449–450, 452, 455, 459, 462, 471
• Food relief, 128, 174–175, 334, 335, 338, 342, 372
• “Fourteen points.” See under Wilson, Woodrow : Policies and proposals for peace.
• France (see also Wilson, Woodrow : Trip to Europe), 2, 5, 84, 98, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124–126, 128, 130, 131–132, 149–150, 156–157, 160, 161, 167, 171, 173, 264, 333–334, 335, 341, 344–406, 409, 545, 550–551
  • Arrangements for accommodation of peace commissions, 122, 123, 124–126
  • Clemenceau, Georges (Premier): Assurances of cooperation with United States, 128, 131, 333–334, 344; attitude toward President Wilson’s presence at peace conference, 130, 132, 149–150; remarks of Marshal Joffre concerning, 381–382
  • Exchange of felicitations with United States on conclusion of the armistice, 2, 5
  • Inter-Allied conference previous to peace conference: French attitude, 341, 350, 357–359; plan of Jan. 5, 1919, text and U. S. observations, 385–406
  • Joffre, Marshal, remarks, 380–385
  • Policies and proposals for peace, 131–132, 149–150, 156–157, 160, 161, 171, 173, 264, 344–406, 409, 545, 550–551
    • Organization of peace conference:
      • Language, official, 161, 167, 171, 173, 346, 364, 394, 403–404
      • Order of business, 348–349, 350, 367–368, 388–389, 390–392, 399–400
      • Plenipotentiaries, 131, 132, 149–150, 156–157, 160, 161, 344–345, 345, 353, 367, 386, 393, 397–398
      • Procedure: Suggestions, 344–354, 369–370, 389–392; U. S. observations, 354–365, 397–406
      • Representation of countries and nationalities, 264, 345, 347–348, 352–353, 355–357, 361–363, 367, 386–388, 392–393, 397–399, 401–402
    • Principles and bases of negotiation: Aerial navigation convention, 550–551; Alsace-Lorraine, 378–379; economic questions, 377–378, 379–380, 389; “fourteen points,” attitude toward, 353, 359–360, 368; indemnities, 370, 374–377; integrity of home and colonial territory, 361, 370; League of Nations, attitude toward, 335, 350, 352, 367–368, 369, 389; Liberian questions, 409, 545; release from treaties, 350, 360–361, 370; responsibility for the war, 354; self-determination and rights of minorities, 349, 353, 360, 370; settlement of the war, 350, 351, 365–367, 368–369, 372–374
  • Seat of peace conference at Paris or Versailles, discussions concerning, 119, 120, 121, 122
  • Study by the “Inquiry,” 47, 49–50, 84, 98
  • Treaties. See Treaties: Secret.
• Freedom of the seas, 285, 288–294, 299, 320, 359, 360, 413, 414, 505n
• Germany:
  • Domestic reform, need for, 25–26, 33–34, 43
  • Economic weapons of the Allies, 43–44, 53
  • Influence in Japan, 492
  • “Middle Europe,” 31, 41–43, 45
  • “Peace offensive,” 27–30
  • Political conditions, 356–357, 366, 383
  • Preliminary peace with Allies, French suggestions concerning, 372–378, 383
  • Protest against seizure of German shipping in Uruguayan ports, 227, 228–229
  • Representation of Germany at peace conference, question of, 308, 309, 348, 353, 356–357, 363, 366, 387
  • Shipping, German, protest against seizure in Uruguayan ports, 227, 228–229
  • Study by the “Inquiry,” 25–26, 27–28, 30, 31–34, 41–44, 45, 47, 48
  • Territorial questions, 90, 300, 302–303, 337, 338, 373, 391, 407, 409
  • War aims and policy, 27–33, 42–43, 47
  • Wilhelm II, former Emperor: Abdication rumors, 357; proposed trial of, 335, 341
• Gompers, Samuel W.: Appointment as labor representative on U. S. peace commission, suggested, 156, 173; trip to international labor conference, 178, 411, 539–540, 542
• Good offices, U. S. See under Tacna-Arica dispute.
• Great Britain, 1, 3–4, 5, 47, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 136, 150–151, 156–157, 160–161, 256, 259, 260–261, 261–262, 277, 280–281, 288–294, 335–336, 336–339, 340, 341, 349, 407–415, 519–521, 543, 544, 545
  • Accommodations at peace conference, 122, 124
  • Exchange of felicitations with United States on conclusion of armistice, 1, 3–4, 5
  • Lloyd George (Prime Minister), 160–161
  • Policies and proposals for peace, 47, 124, 126, 335–336, 336–337, 338, 407–415, 519–521, 543, 544, 545
    • Dominions, participation in decisions, 407–408
    • Freedom of the seas, attitude, 47, 413, 414
    • Indemnities, 335–336, 338
    • Inter-Allied conference, 124, 126, 341, 407
    • League of Nations, attitude toward, 336–337, 519–521
    • Territorial questions: General, 407, 408–409; Liberia, 409, 543, 544, 545; warning against use of force to achieve immediate territorial ambitions, 415
    • Trade interests, 411–412
  • Political situation, 337–338, 340, 409–411, 413–414
  • Procedure for peace conference, attitude, 336
  • Seat of peace conference, attitude, 120, 124
  • Shipping, neutral, detention and seizure of, 288–294
  • Size of delegations to peace conference, attitude, 156–157, 349
  • Treaties. See Treaties: Secret.
  • Visit of President Wilson, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 136, 150–151
• Greece: Claim to Dodecanese Islands, 301; exchange of felicitations with United States on conclusion of armistice, 3, 6; participation in peace conference, question of, 306, 347, 355, 386, 393, 397
• Guatemala, question of participation in peace conference, 225, 232–233, 307, 348, 355, 386, 393, 397, 398
• Haiti, question of participation in peace conference, 225–226, 232–233, 307, 348, 355, 386, 393, 398
• Hejaz, question of participation in peace conference, 247, 312
• Honduras, question of participation in peace conference, 225, 232–233, 307, 348, 355, 386, 393, 398
• Hostilities, termination on Nov. 11, 1918. See Armistice.
• House, Col. E. M. (see also “Inquiry”: Organization and personnel): Appointment as U. S. peace commissioner, 175–176, 192; draft of agreement for League of Nations, 497–501; telegram of felicitation to President Wilson, Nov. 11, 1918, 1; trip to Europe, 109
• Hungary, question of participation in peace conference, 309, 353, 356, 363, 366, 387
• Iceland, question of participation in peace conference, 311–312
• Indemnities and reparations (see also War: Damages), 303–304, 334–335, 335–336, 338, 340–341, 370, 374–377
• “Inquiry, The,” 9–118, 122–123, 183–184, 416–441, 442–447
  • Arrangements for trip to Paris, 122–123, 123
  • Creation of, proposed, 9–11
  • Department of State, relations with, 9, 18, 21, 22, 25, 54, 81, 99–102, 108–109, 110–111
  • Expenses, 39, 78–79, 81, 82, 91, 105–106, 108, 110–111, 116
  • Headquarters, 9, 35, 55, 117, 184
  • Organization and personnel (see also Reorganization, infra): Executive committee, 26, 34, 35, 104; House, Col. E M. (chief), 12, 115; Mezes, Dr. S. E. (executive director), 14–15, 34, 184; personnel, 96–98; proposals, 9–11, 12, 13–14; suggestions and charts, 26, 34
  • Relations with U. S. Government departments: State, 9, 18, 21, 22, 25, 54, 81–82, 90, 99–102, 108–109, 110–111; War, 12–14, 21, 108; other, 9–10, 21, 99, 102–103, 107–108
  • Reorganization and development into intelligence section of U. S. peace commission:
    • Accomplishments, 183–184
    • Arrangements for trip to Paris, 122–123, 123
    • Progress of reorganization, 105–106, 109–110, 111–112
    • Proposal and outlines for reorganization, 102–104, 111–112
    • Views of Dr. Mezes, 116–117, 118; of President Wilson, 113; of Secretary of State, 113–115, 115, 117–118
  • Reports: Progress, 16, 34–39, 55–72, 82–98; status of the war, 41–49; terms of peace, suggested, 49–53
  • Scope:
    • Armament reduction, 10–11, 12–14, 15, 58, 94
    • Economic questions, 10, 15, 18, 38, 57, 74, 83, 91–93
    • General suggestions, 15–16, 16–21, 27–34, 55–76, 77–81, 98–99
    • Germany, post-war situation, 25–26, 33–34
    • History, 10, 93
    • International law, 10, 15, 18, 38, 54, 62, 74, 78, 83, 93–94, 99–101
    • International organizations and League of Nations, 16, 36, 44–45, 46, 76, 83, 94; study of proposed Pan American treaty in relation thereto, 22–25
    • Italian boundary and territorial claims, 50, 64–65, 85, 106–107, 416–441, 442–447
    • Latin America, 76–77, 79–82, 90–91, 108–109, 110–111, 116
    • Peace conference, representation and procedure, 75–76
    • Study of British and French outlines of preparatory work, 98
    • Territorial and political questions, 9, 10–11, 15, 17, 18–21, 35, 36–38, 38–39, 56–57, 58, 60–61, 62–74, 82, 84–97, 106–107, 115–116
    • U. S. post-war reconstruction, 39–41
  • Wilson, President, attitude toward, 12, 82, 113, 184
• Inter-Allied committees, A. E. F. representation on, 163–166
• Inter-Allied conferences:
  • French plan of preliminary conversations between Allied Ministers, 385–396; U. S. observations, 396–406
  • London, December 1918, between France, Great Britain, and Italy, 333–343
    • Absence of Colonel House due to illness, 333, 334; noncommitment of United States to conclusions reached, 343
    • British political situation, 337–338, 340
    • Clemenceau, Premier, attitude, 333–334
    • Discussions and conclusions:
      • Adriatic situation, 339, 341
      • Armies of occupation, 341, 342
      • Armistice renewal, 341
      • Financial questions: German reparations and indemnities, 334–335, 335–336, 338, 340–341; U. S. and British advances to belligerents, 334
      • Food relief, 334, 335, 338, 342
      • Inter-Allied conferences at Paris or Versailles previous to signature of peace preliminaries, proposed, 338–339, 340, 341
      • International labor conference, 341, 343
      • Italian demand for German East Africa, 337, 338
      • Kaiser, former German, trial of, 335, 341
      • League of Nations, 335, 336–337
      • Peace conference procedure, 336–337
  • Versailles or Paris, proposed, prior to peace conference, 124, 126, 127, 129, 338–339, 340, 341, 350, 357–359, 385–396, 407
• International telegraphic communication, proposal for inclusion in agenda of peace conference, 535–538
• Italy, 4–5, 6, 29, 47, 50, 64–65, 85, 106–107, 128, 128–129, 130, 131, 137, 142, 142, 143, 150, 151–152, 153–154, 279–280, 337, 338, 339, 341, 416–488
  • Attitude toward United States, 420
  • Consideration by the “Inquiry,” 29, 47, 50, 64–65, 85, 106–107
  • Delegation to peace conference, 461
  • Exchange of felicitations with United States on conclusion of armistice, 4–5, 6
  • Inter-Allied conference, 341
  • Official statement regarding Italy’s purposes in the war, 418–419
  • Policies and proposals for peace. See Territorial and boundary claims, infra.
  • Political conditions, 447–449, 450–460, 460–461, 463–466, 470–472, 473–474
  • Relations with Czechoslovakia, 464–465; with Jugoslavia, 339, 341, 443, 448, 455, 459, 462, 464, 465, 470, 483–486
  • Representation of Switzerland at peace conference, Italian request for U. S. views, 279–280; U. S. reply, 280
  • Territorial and boundary claims:
    • Adriatic (Albania, Dalmatia, Fiume, Gorizia, Trieste), 64–65, 419, 421, 442–447, 448–450, 452, 453–456, 459, 460, 461–462, 471, 472, 473, 474–487
    • Africa, 337, 338, 417, 420, 431–441, 467
    • Asia Minor, 419–420, 467–469
    • Secret treaties regarding:
      • Treaty of London, Apr. 26, 1915, 442, 447, 448, 452, 455, 463, 466–467, 469–470, 486; U. S. attitude, 463, 487–488
      • St. Jean de Maurienne conference, Apr. 19, 1917, 467–469
    • Study by the “Inquiry,” 50, 64–65, 85, 106–107; reports by H. Nelson Gay, 416–441, 442–447
    • Trentino, 64, 421, 424–431, 442, 453–454, 462
    • Views of President Wilson, 130
  • Treaties. See Secret treaties under Territorial and boundary claims, supra.
  • Visit of President Wilson, 128, 128–129, 131, 137, 142, 142–143, 150, 151–152, 153–154, 460–461, 463–464, 464, 465
  • War, purposes in, 29, 418–419
• Japan, 2–3, 4, 72, 90, 242, 489–494
  • Armistice: Attitude, 489; exchange of felicitations with United States on conclusion, 2–3, 4
  • Attitude toward United States, 491, 494
  • Delegation to peace conference, 489–490, 492, 494
  • Policies and proposals for peace, 242, 489–494
    • Armaments, 491, 493
    • Economic questions, 493, 494
    • Emigration of Japanese, 493
    • League of Nations, 490, 491, 494
    • Racial equality, 490, 492, 493, 494
    • Territorial questions, 242, 489, 490–491, 492–493
  • Relations with China, 242, 490, 490–491, 492
  • Representation of China at peace conference, attitude, 242
  • Study by the “Inquiry,” 72, 90
• Jews, 348, 362–363
• Joffre, Marshal, remarks concerning peace conference, 380–385
• Jugoslavia: Conflict with Italy over territorial claims, 339, 341, 443, 448, 455, 459, 462, 464, 465, 470, 483–486; representation at peace conference, 348, 366, 387
• Kaiser, former German: Abdication rumors, 357; proposed trial of, 335, 341
• Labor, 75, 131, 144, 147, 148–149, 153–154, 156, 168, 173, 178, 341–342, 343, 411, 461, 539–542
  • Demonstrations during President Wilson’s trip to Europe, 144, 147, 148–149, 153–154
  • International labor conference, proposed, 178, 341, 343, 411, 539–541, 542
  • Representation on U. S. peace commission, question of, 75, 131, 156, 168, 173, 178
  • Wilson, President, views, 147, 168, 173, 178, 343, 539, 541
• Language of the peace conference, discussions, 161, 167, 170, 171, 173–174, 346, 364, 394, 403–404
• Lansing Robert (Secretary of State): Appointment as U. S. peace commissioner, 175–176, 176–177, 192; suggestions regarding agreement for League of Nations, 515–519, 526–532
• Latin American republics (see also specific countries), 76–77, 79–82, 90–91, 108–109, 110–111, 116, 223–235
  • League of Nations, attitude toward, 229, 231
  • Representation at peace conference, U. S. attitude: Belligerents, 223–224, 225–226, 228, 230, 232–233, 233, 234–235; countries which severed diplomatic relations with Germany, 224–225, 227, 228–229, 229–230, 231–232, 233; neutrals, 229–230, 231, 233
  • Study by the “Inquiry,” 76–77, 79–82, 90–91, 108–109, 110–111, 116
• Latvia, question of participation in peace conference, 348
• League of Nations, proposed (see also under United States: Policies and proposals for peace), 44–45, 46, 53, 68, 76, 83, 94, 191, 229, 231, 236–240, 319–324, 335, 336–337, 367–368, 369, 389, 490, 491, 494, 497–532, 537–538, 559.
  • Adherences, question of, 531–532
  • Consideration by—
    • “Inquiry,” 44–45, 46, 53, 68, 76, 83, 94
    • U. S. peace commission, 191
  • Draft texts and comments by—
    • Bliss, Gen. Tasker H., 521–526
    • House, Col. E. M., 497–501
    • Mezes. Dr. S. E., 514–515
    • Miller, D. H., 505–514
    • President Wilson, 501–505
    • Secretary of State, 515–519, 526–532
    • Technical advisers to U. S. peace commission, 319–324
  • International telegraphic communication, proposed control of, 537–538
  • Principles for inclusion: Association of nations, 497–510, 514–515, 515–519, 521–530; economic equality, 511–514, 530–531; freedom of the seas, 320, 505n ; open diplomacy, 510–511, 530
  • Views of Allied and neutral governments: France. 335, 350, 352, 367–368, 369, 389; Great Britain, 336–337, 519–521; Japan, 490, 491, 494; Latin American-republics, 229, 231; Scandinavian countries, 236–240
• Liberia, 248–253, 302, 307, 348, 355, 386, 393, 398, 409, 543–549
  • Representation at peace conference, 248–253, 307, 355, 393, 546–547
    • Instructions to Liberian commission by Liberian President, 546–547
    • U. S. assistance: Accommodations in Paris, 251, 252, 253; inclusion of American member in commission, 248, 249, 250–251, 251, 252; loan, 248, 251, 252
  • Settlement of Liberian questions at peace conference, proposed, 302, 409, 543–549
    • Attitude of Great Britain, 543, 544, 545; of United States, 544–545, 547–549
    • Instructions to Liberian commission by Liberian president, 546–547
    • Liberian preference for direct negotiations with France, Great Britain, and United States, 543–544; U. S. concurrence, 545, 547–549
• Liechtenstein, 314
• Lithuania: Participation in peace conference, question of, 312, 348; study by the “Inquiry,” 65, 88
• Lloyd George, 160–161
• London conference of December 1918. See under Inter-Allied conferences.
• Luxemburg: Participation in peace conference, question of, 300, 310, 348, 356, 362; study by the “Inquiry,” 49, 63, 84; suggestion as to status of, 373
• McCall, Samuel W., consideration for appointment as U. S. peace commissioner, 129, 131, 157–158
• Mexico, question of participation in peace conference, 313–314, 315, 348, 398
• Mezes, Dr. S. E. (see also “Inquiry”: Organization and personnel), amendment to proposed League of Nations agreement, 514–515
• “Middle Europe,” 31, 41–43, 45
• Miller, D. H., drafts and notes on League of Nations agreement, 505–514
• Minorities, 478–479
• Monaco, 314
• Monroe Doctrine, 73, 559, 560
• Montenegro: Participation in peace conference, question of, 254–255, 305, 308, 347, 353, 361, 387, 398; political situation, 462, 465, 473–474; study by the “Inquiry,” 50, 68
• Morocco, 73, 302, 373
• Nepal, 314
• Netherlands question of participation in peace conference, 313–314, 314–315, 348, 398
• Neutrals, question of participation in peace conference, 229–230, 233, 238, 240, 256, 259–260, 280, 281, 286, 310, 313–315, 348, 362, 393, 398, 401
• New states, question of participation in peace conference, 287, 310–312, 348, 356, 361–362, 386, 393, 398, 401
• Nicaragua, question of participation in peace conference, 225, 232–233, 307, 348, 355, 386, 393, 398
• Norway, question of participation in peace conference, 236, 238–240, 313–314, 315, 348, 398
• Occupation, armies of, 341, 342, 383
• Oman, 314
• Open diplomacy, 299, 316, 323–324, 510–511, 530
• Pacific islands, discussions concerning, 71–72, 73, 90, 303, 492–493, 537
• Palestine, proposals regarding, 312, 407, 408
• Pan American treaty, proposed: Draft text, 22–25; study by the “Inquiry,” 22, 25
• Panama, question of participation in peace conference, 225, 232–233, 307, 348, 355, 386, 393, 398
• Panama Canal, 307, 337, 424
• Papacy, question of participation in peace negotiations, 28, 46, 75
• Paraguay, question of participation in peace conference, 313–314, 315, 348, 398
• Persia, 69, 73, 87, 250–263, 302, 310, 348, 356, 362, 408
  • Participation in peace conference, question of, 256–263, 302, 310, 348, 356, 362
    • British attitude, 256, 259, 260–261, 261–262
    • Demands based on the “fourteen points,” 260, 263
    • U. S. support, Persian desire for, 256, 257–259, 260, 262; U. S. attitude, 261
  • Study by the “Inquiry,” 69, 73, 87
• Peru (see also Tacna-Arica dispute), question of participation in peace conference, 224–225, 227, 231–233, 313, 348, 356, 386, 393, 398, 560, 561
• Poland: Participation in peace conference, question of, 264–265, 312, 348, 356, 361, 366, 386, 387, 393, 398; territorial questions, 33, 30–38, 42, 51–52, 66, 73, 74, 87, 300, 373
• Portugal, question of participation in peace conference, 307, 347, 355, 386, 393, 397
• Presidency of peace conference, discussions, 129, 130, 137, 345, 402, 403
• Press relations at peace conference (see also under Commission to Negotiate Peace), 346
• Publicity of treaties, 299, 316, 323–324, 510–511, 530
• Reparations and indemnities (see also War: Damages), 303–304, 335, 335–336, 338, 340–341, 370, 374–377
• Representation at peace conference, discussions concerning (see also specific countries):
  • Belligerents, 157, 225, 227, 228, 229–230, 231, 232–233, 285, 305–308, 345, 347–348, 355, 361, 386, 392, 393, 397–398, 401
  • Central Powers, 157, 308–310, 348, 353, 356–357, 363, 387–388
  • Countries which severed diplomatic relations with Central Powers, 224–225, 227, 228, 229, 229–230, 231, 232, 233, 313, 348, 356, 362, 386, 393, 398
  • Labor, question of, 75, 131, 156, 168, 173, 178
  • Neutrals, 229–230, 233, 238, 240, 256, 250–260, 280, 281, 286, 310, 313–315, 348, 362–363, 386, 393, 398, 401
  • New states, 287, 310–312, 348, 356, 361–362, 386, 393, 398, 401
  • Size of delegations, 328, 131, 136, 137, 156–157, 158, 160–161, 167, 170, 171, 173, 233, 234, 235, 248–249, 250–251, 252, 285, 345, 393, 397–398
  • Unrecognized governments, 272, 274, 275, 348, 386, 393, 398
  • Wilson, President, presence at peace conference. See under Wilson, Woodrow : Trip to Europe.
• Root, Elihu, suggested appointment as U. S. peace commissioner, 131, 158, 169, 171–172
• Roumanio: Participation in peace conference, question of, 265–266, 305, 307, 393, 397; study by the “Inquiry,” 29, 50–51, 67, 68, 73, 89
• Russia, 27, 29, 31, 45–46, 47, 48, 56, 65–67, 69, 87–89, 267–278, 301, 305, 312, 356, 362
  • Participation in peace conference, question of, 267–278, 301, 305, 312, 356, 362
    • British attitude, 277
    • Desire for representation, 267–268, 269–270, 273, 275, 276
    • Difficulties resulting from political situation: Participation of unofficial representatives, suggested, 272, 274–275, 277, 278; recognition of Omsk Government, question of, 269, 270, 270–277
    • U. S. attitude, 268–269, 270–271
  • Study by the “Inquiry,” 27, 29, 31, 45–46, 47, 48, 56, 65–67, 87–89
  • Treaties. See Treaties: Secret.
• Salvador, question of participation in peace conference, 313, 348, 356, 398
• San Marino, 314
• Scandinavian countries, question of participation in peace conference, 236–240
• Schleswig, 236, 288, 300, 314, 373
• Seat of peace conference, discussions concerning Brussels, Paris, and Switzerland, 119, 120–121, 122, 123–124, 157
• Secretariat for U. S. peace commission. See “Inquiry”: Reorganization.
• Self-determination, principle of, 51, 73, 349, 353, 360, 370, 443, 445, 448, 452, 455, 557
• Serbia: Participation in peace conference, question of, 265, 266, 307–308, 347, 355, 386, 387, 393, 397; study by the “Inquiry,” 33, 47, 50, 67, 74, 86
• Siam: Participation in peace conference, question of, 308, 355, 386, 393, 397; study by the “Inquiry,” 72, 73, 75, 90
• Spain, question of participation in peace conference, 313–314, 315, 348, 398
• Spitzbergen, status of, 236, 302
• St. Jean de Maurienne conference, Apr. 19, 1917, 467–469
• Subject nationalities, study by the “Inquiry,” 15, 18–21, 34, 36–37, 42, 52–53, 58, 73
• Supreme War Council, 119, 241, 242, 243, 386
• Sweden, question of participation in peace conference, 239–240, 313–314, 315, 348, 398
• Switzerland, 119, 120, 120–121, 157, 279–281, 313–314, 315, 348, 398
  • Participation in peace conference, question of, 279–281, 313–314, 315, 348, 398
    • Appeal, 279; U. S. reply, 281
    • British and Italian requests for U. S. views, 279–280, 280–281; U. S. replies, 280, 281
  • Seat of peace conference at Geneva or Lausanne, proposed, 119, 120, 120–121, 157
• Tacna-Arica dispute between Chile and Peru, proposed solutions, 552–562
  • Arbitration, 554, 555, 556–558, 558–559
  • Bolivian proposal to send delegations to Washington and peace conference at Paris to present claim for seaport, 553–554; U. S. attitude, 555–556, 561
  • Commission of inquiry under Bryan treaties for advancement of general peace, 557–558, 562
  • Direct negotiations, 560
  • League of Nations, 559
  • Peace conference, question of submission to, 554, 555, 556, 559, 560, 561
  • U. S. good offices: Peruvian acceptance of “mediation,” 552, 554, 555, 556; restriction of offer to assistance in connection with disturbance at Iquique, 552–553, 554
• Tarbell, Ida M., suggested assistance to U. S. peace commission, 160
• Treaties, conventions, etc.:
  • Aerial navigation, proposed, 550–551
  • Bryan treaties for advancement of general peace, cited, 557, 562
  • Bucharest, cited, 50, 265–266, 374
  • Hague conventions, 299–300, 326–329
  • International telegraphic communication agreement, proposed, 535–538
  • Pan American treaty, draft, 22–25
  • Peace treaty, proposed. See under United States: Policies and proposals.
  • Publicity of, 299, 316, 323–324, 510–511, 530
  • Secret: Treaty of London, Apr. 26, 1915, between France, Great Britain, Italy, and Russia, 75, 287, 294, 301, 360–361, 442, 447, 448, 452, 455, 463, 466–467, 486, 487–488; St. Jean de Maurienne conference, Apr. 19, 1917, 467–469
• Trentino, status of, 64, 421, 424–431, 442, 453–454, 462, 473
• Trieste, status of, 50, 64, 421, 442, 453–454, 462
• Triple Alliance, 418, 420, 425–426
• Turkey: Participation in peace conference, question of, 301, 309–310, 348, 353, 356, 363, 366–367, 387–388; study by the “Inquiry,” 33, 36–38, 43, 45, 52–53, 69, 73, 86–87, 93, 97, 118
• United States:
  • Plans and preparations for peace conference. See Commission to Negotiate Peace; “Inquiry”; Language of the peace conference; League of Nations; Seat of peace conference; Wilson, Woodrow : Trip to Europe.
  • Policies and proposals for peace (see also “Inquiry”: Scope; League of Nations; Wilson, Woodrow : Policies and proposals), 285–332, 354–365, 397–406, 535–537
    • Armament, limitation of, 299, 326
    • Conference: Order of subjects for consideration, 316; procedure of conference, U. S. observations on French suggestions, 354–365, 397–406; representation of countries and nationalities, 285, 286
    • Economic and trade situation, 299, 329–332
    • Freedom of the seas, 285, 288–294, 299, 320
    • Hague conventions and other international agreements, revision, 299–300, 326–329
    • Indemnities, 303–304
    • International telegraphic communication, 535–538
    • League of Nations, 286–287, 295–296, 298, 316, 319–324
    • Publicity of treaties, 299, 316, 323–324, 510–511, 530
    • Territorial questions: “Principle vs. expediency,” 294–298; summaries, 287–288, 294–298, 300–303; warning against use of force to achieve immediate territorial ambitions, 324–325
    • Treaty of peace, proposed:
      • Drafts, 298–304, 316–324, 329–332
      • Observations, 304–315, 326–329
      • Signatories: Belligerents, 305–308; Central Powers, 308–310; countries which severed diplomatic relations with Central Powers, 313; neutrals, 313–315; new states, 310–312
    • Unanimity of views of U. S. peace commissioners, necessity for, 297–298
• Uruguay: Participation in peace conference, question of, 224–225, 227, 228–229, 230, 231, 313, 348, 356, 362, 386, 393, 398; seizure of German ships in Uruguayan ports, 227, 228–229
• U. S. Department of State: Communications facilities for peace commission, 128; diplomatic missions in Europe, cooperation with peace commission, 202, 207; memorandum regarding U. S. plans and proposals for peace, 285–287; relations with the “Inquiry,” 9, 18, 21, 22, 25, 54, 81–82, 90, 99–102, 108–109, 110–111
• U. S. Navy, assistance to U. S. peace commission, 122, 128, 180–181
• U. S. War Department:
  • American Expeditionary Forces. See under Commission to Negotiate Peace.
  • Relations with the “Inquiry,” 12–14, 21, 108
• Vatican Participation in peace negotiations, discussions, 28, 46, 75; visit of President Wilson, 142–143, 150, 152, 154, 461, 463, 465
• Venezuela, question of participation in peace conference, 313–314, 315, 348, 398
• War: Damages in Belgium and France (see also Reparations), proposed U. S. estimate, 137; Italy’s purposes in, 29, 418–419; responsibility for, 341, 354; status of, memoranda by the “Inquiry,” 41–49
• Warfare, discussions relating to codification of rules of, 326–329
• White, Henry, appointment as U. S. peace commissioner, 162–163, 175–176, 192
• Wilson, Woodrow (President) (see also under Armistice: Congratulatory messages), 12, 28, 31, 48, 82, 83, 101–102, 113, 119, 121, 122, 128–154, 159–160, 162, 163, 168, 171–172, 173, 191, 239, 260, 285, 336, 353, 359–360, 368, 381, 410, 460–461, 463–464, 465, 493, 501–505
  • Address in reply to President Poincaré’s welcoming speech, text, 147–148
  • Attitude toward the “Inquiry,” 12, 82, 113
  • Commissioners plenipotentiary to peace conference, views on number and selection, 159–160, 163, 168, 171–172, 173
  • Inter-Allied conference, suggestion concerning, 127
  • Policies and proposals for peace: Attitude toward Germany, 31, 48; “fourteen points,” 83, 101–102, 260, 285, 353, 359–360, 368, 463, 493; League of Nations agreement, text of President Wilson’s first draft, 501–505
  • Presence at peace conference. See under Trip to Europe, infra.
  • Reply to the Pope’s appeal for peace, cited, 28
  • Seat of peace conference, opinion concerning, 119, 121
  • Trip to Europe, 122, 128–154, 162, 191, 239, 336, 381, 410, 460–461, 463–464, 465
    • Arrangements: Accommodations in Paris, 122, 131, 138, 139, 141; itinerary, 128–129, 130, 131, 135, 136, 137, 140, 141–143, 144, 150–151, 162; passports, 138, 140; presidential party, 138, 140, 141, 150–151, 152, 162; speech of welcome by President Poincaré and President Wilson’s reply, texts, 144–146, 147–148; U. S. S. George Washington , 143, 152–153, 154
    • Labor and Socialist demonstrations, 144, 147, 148–149, 153–154
    • Presence at peace conference, views of—
      • Democratic supporters, 132–134
      • France. 130, 149–150, 153
      • Great Britain, 130, 131–132, 336
      • House, Col. E. M., 135–136
      • Norway, 239
      • President Wilson himself, 129, 134–135, 136–137
      • Secretary of State, 191
    • Visits to—
      • France, 129, 131, 135, 136, 137–138, 139–142, 143–149, 153, 381
      • Great Britain, 128, 129, 131, 132, 136, 150–151, 410
      • Italy and the Vatican, 128, 128–129, 131, 137, 142, 142–143, 150, 151–152, 153–154, 460, 461, 463–464, 465.