Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United
States, The Paris Peace Conference, 1919, Volume I
Index
[Page [564]]
[Page 565]
- Aaland Islands, Swedish claim to, 236, 300
- Abyssinia, 302, 314
- Adriatic problem, 64–65, 301, 339, 341, 419, 421, 442–447, 450, 453–456, 460, 461–462, 471, 472, 473, 474–487
- Aerial navigation convention, French proposal for consideration by peace
conference, 550–551
- Afghanistan. 73, 87,
314
- Africa (see also
Liberia), 36–38, 70–71, 73, 89, 93, 97, 302, 303, 314, 337, 338, 348, 407, 409, 431–441
- Agenda of the peace conference. See Policies and
proposals for peace under
France, Great Britain,
Japan, and
United States; International
labor conference
and
Representation on U. S. peace commission
under
Labor; Italy: Territorial and boundary claims; League of Nations; Liberia: Settlement of Liberian questions;
Tacna-Arica dispute: Peace
conference;
Wilson, Woodrow
: Policies and proposals for peace.
- Albania, 65, 86,
311, 362, 408, 409, 421
- Alsace-Lorraine, 47, 49, 49–50,
63–64, 84, 287, 297, 300, 373, 378–379
- American Commission to Negotiate Peace. See
Commission to Negotiate Peace.
- American Expeditionary Forces, assistance at peace conference. See under
Commission to Negotiate Peace.
- American Geographical Society, use of facilities by the “Inquiry,” 35, 55, 117, 184
- Andorra, 314
- Arbitration. 554, 555, 556–558, 558–559
- Argentina, question of participation in peace conference, 229–230, 231, 313–314, 314, 348, 398
- Armament reduction, discussions, 12–14, 299, 326, 491, 493, 524
- Armenia, 43, 69,
312, 348, 362–363, 408
- Armies of occupation, 341, 342, 383
- Armistice, 1–6, 341, 489
- Announcement by President Wilson, Nov. 11, 1918, 1
- Congratulatory messages, 1–6
-
House, Col. E. M.,
to President Wilson,
1
- United States (see also
Wilson, Woodrow
, infra), exchanges with
France, 2; Great Britain, 1, 4;
Greece, 3, 6; Japan, 2–3, 4
-
Wilson, Woodrow
(President):
- Messages from—
-
House, Col. E.
M., 1
- Italy, King of, 4–5; reply, 6
- Messages to—
- British Prime Minister, 3–4; reply, 5
- French Ambassador, 5
- Japanese attitude, 2–3, 489
- Renewal, 341
- Asia Minor, 419–420, 467–469
- Australia, alleged noninclusion in settlement of peace terms, 407–408
- Austria: Participation in peace conference, question of,
308, 309, 348, 353, 356, 363, 366, 387; U. S.
mission of investigation, 190–191, 194, 195, 196, 199, 200–201, 210
- Austria-Hungary (see also
Austria), study by the “Inquiry,” 33, 36–38, 43, 44–45, 48, 52, 56, 67, 85
-
Baker, Newton D. (Secretary of War),
declination of appointment as U. S. peace commissioner, 169–170
- Balkan problem, 36–38, 50–51,
67–68, 73, 86, 93, 97, 301
- Baltic provinces of former Russian Empire, 36–37, 65,
88, 312
- Bavaria, question of participation in peace conference, 309, 348, 353
- Belligerents, question of representation at the peace conference, 157, 225, 227, 228, 229–230, 231, 232–233, 285, 305–308, 345, 347–348, 355, 361, 386, 392, 293, 397–398, 401
- Belgium: Brussels as seat of peace conference, proposal for, 119, 123–124; participation in peace conference, question
of, 265, 266, 305, 347, 355, 386, 393, 397; study by
the “Inquiry,” 32, 49,
62–63, 73, 84; territorial
claims, 300
- Berlin–Bagdad railway, 31, 41–42, 43
-
Bliss, Gen. Tasker H.: Appointment
as U. S. peace commissioner, 170, 175–176, 192; observations on proposed League of Nations
agreement, 521–526
- Bohemia. See
Czechoslovakia.
- Bolivia: Desire for seaport, 553–554; participation in peace conference, question
of, 224–225, 232–233, 313, 348, 356, 386, 393, 398, 554, 556, 561
- Brazil, question of participation in peace conference, 75, 223–224, 225, 226, 228, 230–231, 233, 234–235, 306, 348, 355, 356, 386, 393, 398
-
Bryan, William J., opposition of President Wilson to suggested appointment as U. S.
peace commissioner, 159–160, 163
- Bulgaria: Participation in peace conference, question of, 309, 348, 353, 356, 363, 366, 387; study by the “Inquiry,” 33, 42, 43,
45, 47–48, 50–51, 68, 86
- Censorship, U. S. desire for removal of restrictions on U. S. Government
and American press despatches from peace conference, 121, 212–214
- Central Powers, question of representation at peace conference, 308–310, 348, 353, 356–357, 363, 387–388
- Chile (see also
Tacna-Arica dispute), question of participation in
peace conference, 313, 314, 348, 398, 560, 561
- China, 72, 73, 75, 90, 241–245, 302, 306, 348, 355, 386, 393, 398, 490–491, 492
- Relations with Japan, 242, 490, 490–491, 492
- Representation at peace conference, 241–245, 306, 348,
355, 386, 393, 398
- Delegation: Participation of both factions, 244–245; U. S. disapproval of proposed American
adviser, 241–242, 243, 244
- Japanese attitude, 242
- Study by the “Inquiry,” 72, 73, 75, 90
- Supreme War Council, question of representation on, 241, 242,
243
- Territorial questions, 72, 242, 302,
490–491
-
Clemenceau, Georges. See under
France.
- Colombia, question of participation in peace conference, 313, 314, 348, 398
- Commission to Negotiate Peace (see
also
Wilson, Woodrow
: Trip to Europe):
- Accommodations in Paris, 119–120, 122,
123, 124–126, 167, 179–180, 190,
193
- American Expeditionary Forces, assistance (see also
Relations with U. S. Army and Navy, infra): Clerical, 122, 123, 193, 200,
201; counterespionage, 168, 194,
195–196,
196; courier service, 186, 203–205; military intelligence, 179–180, 182–183, 184–185, 186, 193;
political intelligence agents, 191, 194–195, 200, 201,
206, 210; protection, 157, 194, 196,
197, 200; representation on Inter-Allied committees, 163–166;
telegraph facilities, 206
- Censorship of U. S. Government and American press despatches,
attitude, 121, 212–214
- Commissioners plenipotentiary: Credentials, 175–177;
number, discussions concerning, 128,
156–157,
158, 160–161, 167, 170,
171, 173; official notification of names to French Government,
191–192;
selection, correspondence concerning, 129, 157–158, 159–160, 162–163, 168–170, 171–173, 191;
unanimity of views, necessity for, 297–298; Wilson, President, views, 159–160, 163, 168,
171–172,
173
- Information, arrangements for securing, 179–180, 190–191, 194–211
- Counterespionage, 194, 195–196, 196
- Liaison, 207
- Political intelligence agents, 179–180, 190–191, 191, 194–195, 196, 199–203, 205, 206, 209–210
- Territorial, economic, and political intelligence section,
183–184, 208–209, 210–211
- U. S. diplomatic missions, cooperation, 197, 202, 207
- “Inquiry, The.” See
“Inquiry.”
- Organization and personnel (see also
Commissioners plenipotentiary
and
Information, supra;
also
“Inquiry”), 128, 155–211, 214–215, 219–220
- Advisory staff, 155–156, 162, 198
- Appointments on basis of social prominence, criticism,
181, 188–189
- Clerical assistance, 193, 200, 201
- Communications, 128, 180–181, 195, 199, 200, 203–205, 206
- Economic and financial experts, 170, 174–175, 177, 190
- Military personnel, inadvisability of reduction, 192–193
- Press relations, 156n
, 197–198, 214–215, 219–220
- Secretary, 158, 167, 185, 187–188, 192
- Survey of Republican sentiment in United States, proposed,
189–190
- Policies and proposals. See
United States: Policies
and proposals for peace.
- Press relations, 156n
, 197–198, 212–220
- Censorship, efforts to secure removal of British and
French restrictions on American press despatches, 212–214
- Cooperation with press, 214–215, 218–220; status of British correspondents, 210–218
- Erroneous press reports, 215–216
- Protection, 157, 194, 196, 197, 200
- Relations with U. S. Army and Navy (see also
American Expeditionary Forces, supra), 128, 161, 167,
178–179,
180–181,
182–183,
184–185,
186, 192–193, 196–197, 198–199, 200, 206
- Representation of U. S. departments and war agencies, 174–175, 177, 190,
198, 207–208
- Communications: Arrangements at peace conference for courier and
telegraphic service, 121, 128, 180–181, 195, 199, 200, 203–205, 206; proposal for inclusion of proposed international telegraphic
communication agreement in peace conference agenda, 535–538
- Costa Rica, question of participation in peace conference, 305, 348, 355, 361, 386, 393, 398
- Cuba, question of participation in peace conference, 225–226, 232–233, 306, 348, 355, 386, 393, 398
- Czechoslovakia (Bohemia): Participation in peace conference,
question of, 264, 311, 348, 356, 361, 366, 386, 387, 393, 398; relations with Italy, 464–465; territorial questions, 301
- Dalmatian problem, 65, 67, 421, 442, 454–456, 460, 461–462, 472, 473, 475–483, 486–487
- Damages, war, proposed U. S. estimate, 137
- Date of peace conference, discussions, 129
-
Day, William R. (Associate Justice of Supreme Court),
declination of appointment as U. S. peace commissioner, 159
- Delegations to peace conference. See
Representation.
- Denmark Participation in peace conference, question of, 236–237, 239–240, 313–314, 348, 398; restoration
of Schleswig, question of, 236, 288, 300, 373
- Dominican Republic, question of participation in peace conference, 313, 348, 356, 398
- Economic questions: Consideration by peace conference, proposed, 170, 174–175; French views on inclusion in peace treaty,
377–378, 389; inclusion in draft agreement for League of
Nations, 511–514,
530–531;
Japanese views, 493, 494; study by the “Inquiry,” 10, 15, 18, 38, 43–44, 74, 84, 85, 87–88, 89, 91–98; U. S. policies and proposals, 299, 329–332
- Ecuador, question of participation in peace conference, 224–225, 232–233, 313, 348, 356, 386, 393, 398
- Egypt, question of participation in peace conference, 302, 306, 356
- Esthonia, question of participation in peace conference, 312, 348
- Ethiopia (see also
Abyssinia), 348
- Financial questions, discussions at Inter-Allied Conference at London, December 1918, 334, 335–336, 338, 340
- Finland: Participation in peace conference, question of, 246, 301, 311, 348, 356, 362; territorial
questions, 65, 73,
301
- Fiume, status of, 65, 421, 442–447, 449–450, 452, 455, 459, 462, 471
- Food relief, 128, 174–175, 334, 335, 338, 342, 372
- “Fourteen points.” See under
Wilson, Woodrow
: Policies and proposals for peace.
- France (see also
Wilson, Woodrow
: Trip to Europe), 2, 5, 84,
98, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124–126, 128, 130, 131–132, 149–150, 156–157, 160, 161, 167, 171, 173, 264, 333–334, 335, 341, 344–406, 409, 545, 550–551
- Arrangements for accommodation of peace commissions, 122, 123,
124–126
-
Clemenceau, Georges
(Premier): Assurances of cooperation with United States, 128, 131,
333–334,
344; attitude toward President
Wilson’s presence at peace
conference, 130, 132, 149–150; remarks of Marshal
Joffre concerning, 381–382
- Exchange of felicitations with United States on conclusion of the
armistice, 2, 5
- Inter-Allied conference previous to peace conference: French
attitude, 341, 350, 357–359; plan of Jan. 5,
1919, text and U. S. observations, 385–406
-
Joffre, Marshal, remarks, 380–385
- Policies and proposals for peace, 131–132, 149–150, 156–157, 160, 161,
171, 173, 264, 344–406, 409, 545,
550–551
- Organization of peace conference:
- Language, official, 161, 167, 171, 173, 346, 364, 394, 403–404
- Order of business, 348–349, 350, 367–368, 388–389, 390–392, 399–400
- Plenipotentiaries, 131, 132, 149–150, 156–157, 160, 161, 344–345, 345, 353, 367, 386, 393, 397–398
- Procedure: Suggestions, 344–354, 369–370, 389–392; U. S. observations,
354–365, 397–406
- Representation of countries and nationalities,
264, 345, 347–348, 352–353, 355–357, 361–363, 367, 386–388, 392–393, 397–399, 401–402
- Principles and bases of negotiation: Aerial navigation
convention, 550–551; Alsace-Lorraine, 378–379; economic questions, 377–378, 379–380, 389; “fourteen
points,” attitude toward, 353,
359–360, 368;
indemnities, 370, 374–377; integrity of home and colonial territory,
361, 370; League of Nations, attitude toward, 335, 350, 352, 367–368, 369, 389; Liberian questions, 409, 545; release from treaties, 350, 360–361, 370; responsibility for the war, 354; self-determination and
rights of minorities, 349, 353, 360, 370; settlement
of the war, 350, 351, 365–367, 368–369, 372–374
- Seat of peace conference at Paris or Versailles, discussions
concerning, 119, 120, 121, 122
- Study by the “Inquiry,” 47, 49–50, 84, 98
- Treaties. See
Treaties: Secret.
- Freedom of the seas, 285, 288–294, 299, 320, 359, 360, 413, 414, 505n
- Germany:
- Domestic reform, need for, 25–26, 33–34, 43
- Economic weapons of the Allies, 43–44, 53
- Influence in Japan, 492
- “Middle Europe,” 31, 41–43, 45
- “Peace offensive,” 27–30
- Political conditions, 356–357, 366,
383
- Preliminary peace with Allies, French suggestions concerning, 372–378, 383
- Protest against seizure of German shipping in Uruguayan ports,
227, 228–229
- Representation of Germany at peace conference, question of, 308, 309,
348, 353, 356–357, 363, 366, 387
- Shipping, German, protest against seizure in Uruguayan ports, 227, 228–229
- Study by the “Inquiry,” 25–26, 27–28, 30, 31–34, 41–44, 45, 47, 48
- Territorial questions, 90, 300, 302–303, 337,
338, 373, 391, 407, 409
- War aims and policy, 27–33, 42–43, 47
-
Wilhelm II, former Emperor: Abdication rumors,
357; proposed trial of, 335, 341
-
Gompers, Samuel W.: Appointment as
labor representative on U. S. peace commission, suggested, 156, 173; trip to
international labor conference, 178, 411, 539–540, 542
- Good offices, U. S. See under
Tacna-Arica dispute.
- Great Britain, 1, 3–4, 5, 47, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 136, 150–151, 156–157, 160–161, 256, 259, 260–261, 261–262, 277, 280–281, 288–294, 335–336, 336–339, 340, 341, 349, 407–415, 519–521, 543, 544, 545
- Accommodations at peace conference, 122, 124
- Exchange of felicitations with United States on conclusion of
armistice, 1, 3–4, 5
-
Lloyd George (Prime
Minister), 160–161
- Policies and proposals for peace, 47,
124, 126, 335–336, 336–337, 338,
407–415,
519–521,
543, 544, 545
- Dominions, participation in decisions, 407–408
- Freedom of the seas, attitude, 47, 413, 414
- Indemnities, 335–336, 338
- Inter-Allied conference, 124,
126, 341, 407
- League of Nations, attitude toward, 336–337, 519–521
- Territorial questions: General, 407, 408–409; Liberia, 409, 543, 544, 545; warning against use of force
to achieve immediate territorial ambitions, 415
- Trade interests, 411–412
- Political situation, 337–338, 340,
409–411,
413–414
- Procedure for peace conference, attitude, 336
- Seat of peace conference, attitude, 120, 124
- Shipping, neutral, detention and seizure of, 288–294
- Size of delegations to peace conference, attitude, 156–157, 349
- Treaties. See
Treaties: Secret.
- Visit of President Wilson,
128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 136, 150–151
- Greece: Claim to Dodecanese Islands, 301;
exchange of felicitations with United States on conclusion of armistice,
3, 6; participation
in peace conference, question of, 306, 347, 355, 386, 393, 397
- Guatemala, question of participation in peace conference, 225, 232–233, 307, 348, 355, 386, 393, 397, 398
- Haiti, question of participation in peace conference, 225–226, 232–233, 307, 348, 355, 386, 393, 398
- Hejaz, question of participation in peace conference, 247, 312
- Honduras, question of participation in peace conference, 225, 232–233, 307, 348, 355, 386, 393, 398
- Hostilities, termination on Nov. 11, 1918. See
Armistice.
-
House, Col. E. M. (see also
“Inquiry”: Organization and
personnel): Appointment as U. S. peace commissioner, 175–176, 192; draft of agreement for League of Nations,
497–501;
telegram of felicitation to President Wilson, Nov. 11, 1918, 1; trip to Europe, 109
- Hungary, question of participation in peace conference, 309, 353, 356, 363, 366, 387
- Iceland, question of participation in peace conference, 311–312
- Indemnities and reparations (see also
War: Damages), 303–304, 334–335, 335–336, 338, 340–341, 370, 374–377
- “Inquiry, The,” 9–118, 122–123, 183–184, 416–441, 442–447
- Arrangements for trip to Paris, 122–123, 123
- Creation of, proposed, 9–11
- Department of State, relations with, 9,
18, 21,
22, 25,
54, 81,
99–102,
108–109,
110–111
- Expenses, 39, 78–79, 81, 82, 91, 105–106, 108, 110–111, 116
- Headquarters, 9, 35, 55, 117, 184
- Organization and personnel (see
also
Reorganization, infra): Executive committee, 26, 34, 35, 104; House, Col. E M. (chief), 12, 115;
Mezes, Dr. S. E.
(executive director), 14–15, 34, 184; personnel, 96–98; proposals, 9–11, 12, 13–14; suggestions and charts, 26, 34
- Relations with U. S. Government departments: State, 9, 18, 21, 22, 25, 54, 81–82, 90, 99–102, 108–109, 110–111; War, 12–14, 21, 108; other, 9–10, 21, 99, 102–103, 107–108
- Reorganization and development into intelligence
section of U. S. peace commission:
- Accomplishments, 183–184
- Arrangements for trip to Paris, 122–123, 123
- Progress of reorganization, 105–106, 109–110, 111–112
- Proposal and outlines for reorganization, 102–104, 111–112
- Views of Dr. Mezes,
116–117, 118; of
President Wilson, 113; of Secretary of State, 113–115, 115, 117–118
- Reports: Progress, 16, 34–39, 55–72, 82–98; status
of the war, 41–49; terms of peace, suggested, 49–53
- Scope:
- Armament reduction, 10–11, 12–14, 15, 58,
94
- Economic questions, 10, 15, 18,
38, 57, 74, 83, 91–93
- General suggestions, 15–16, 16–21, 27–34,
55–76, 77–81, 98–99
- Germany, post-war situation, 25–26, 33–34
- History, 10, 93
- International law, 10, 15, 18,
38, 54, 62, 74, 78,
83, 93–94, 99–101
- International organizations and League of Nations, 16, 36,
44–45, 46, 76, 83,
94; study of proposed Pan
American treaty in relation thereto, 22–25
- Italian boundary and territorial claims, 50, 64–65, 85, 106–107, 416–441, 442–447
- Latin America, 76–77, 79–82, 90–91,
108–109, 110–111, 116
- Peace conference, representation and procedure, 75–76
- Study of British and French outlines of preparatory work,
98
- Territorial and political questions, 9, 10–11, 15,
17, 18–21, 35, 36–38, 38–39,
56–57, 58, 60–61,
62–74, 82, 84–97,
106–107, 115–116
- U. S. post-war reconstruction, 39–41
-
Wilson, President, attitude
toward, 12, 82, 113, 184
- Inter-Allied committees, A. E. F. representation on, 163–166
- Inter-Allied conferences:
- French plan of preliminary conversations between Allied Ministers,
385–396;
U. S. observations, 396–406
- London, December 1918, between France,
Great Britain, and Italy, 333–343
- Absence of Colonel
House due to illness, 333, 334;
noncommitment of United States to conclusions reached, 343
- British political situation, 337–338, 340
-
Clemenceau, Premier,
attitude, 333–334
- Discussions and conclusions:
- Adriatic situation, 339, 341
- Armies of occupation, 341, 342
- Armistice renewal, 341
- Financial questions: German reparations and
indemnities, 334–335, 335–336, 338, 340–341; U. S.
and British advances to belligerents, 334
- Food relief, 334, 335, 338, 342
- Inter-Allied conferences at Paris or Versailles
previous to signature of peace preliminaries,
proposed, 338–339, 340, 341
- International labor conference, 341, 343
- Italian demand for German East Africa, 337, 338
-
Kaiser, former German, trial
of, 335, 341
- League of Nations, 335, 336–337
- Peace conference procedure, 336–337
- Versailles or Paris, proposed, prior to peace conference, 124, 126,
127, 129, 338–339, 340, 341, 350,
357–359,
385–396,
407
- International telegraphic communication, proposal for inclusion in agenda
of peace conference, 535–538
- Italy, 4–5, 6, 29,
47, 50, 64–65, 85, 106–107, 128, 128–129, 130, 131, 137, 142, 142, 143, 150, 151–152, 153–154, 279–280, 337, 338, 339, 341, 416–488
- Attitude toward United States, 420
- Consideration by the “Inquiry,” 29,
47, 50,
64–65,
85, 106–107
- Delegation to peace conference, 461
- Exchange of felicitations with United States on conclusion of
armistice, 4–5,
6
- Inter-Allied conference, 341
- Official statement regarding Italy’s purposes in the war, 418–419
- Policies and proposals for peace. See
Territorial and boundary claims, infra.
- Political conditions, 447–449, 450–460, 460–461, 463–466, 470–472, 473–474
- Relations with Czechoslovakia, 464–465; with Jugoslavia,
339, 341, 443, 448, 455, 459, 462,
464, 465, 470, 483–486
- Representation of Switzerland at peace conference, Italian request
for U. S. views, 279–280; U. S. reply, 280
- Territorial and boundary claims:
- Adriatic (Albania, Dalmatia, Fiume, Gorizia, Trieste),
64–65, 419, 421, 442–447, 448–450, 452, 453–456, 459, 460, 461–462, 471, 472, 473, 474–487
- Africa, 337, 338, 417, 420, 431–441, 467
- Asia Minor, 419–420, 467–469
- Secret treaties regarding:
- Treaty of London, Apr. 26,
1915, 442, 447, 448, 452, 455, 463, 466–467, 469–470, 486; U. S. attitude, 463, 487–488
-
St. Jean de Maurienne
conference, Apr. 19, 1917,
467–469
- Study by the “Inquiry,” 50,
64–65, 85, 106–107; reports by H. Nelson
Gay, 416–441, 442–447
- Trentino, 64, 421, 424–431, 442, 453–454, 462
- Views of President Wilson, 130
- Treaties. See
Secret treaties
under
Territorial and boundary claims, supra.
- Visit of President Wilson,
128, 128–129, 131, 137,
142, 142–143, 150, 151–152, 153–154, 460–461, 463–464, 464,
465
- War, purposes in, 29, 418–419
- Japan, 2–3, 4, 72,
90, 242, 489–494
- Armistice: Attitude, 489; exchange of
felicitations with United States on conclusion, 2–3, 4
- Attitude toward United States, 491,
494
- Delegation to peace conference, 489–490, 492, 494
- Policies and proposals for peace, 242,
489–494
- Armaments, 491, 493
- Economic questions, 493, 494
- Emigration of Japanese, 493
- League of Nations, 490, 491, 494
- Racial equality, 490, 492, 493, 494
- Territorial questions, 242,
489, 490–491, 492–493
- Relations with China, 242, 490, 490–491, 492
- Representation of China at peace conference, attitude, 242
- Study by the “Inquiry,” 72, 90
- Jews, 348, 362–363
-
Joffre, Marshal, remarks concerning peace conference,
380–385
- Jugoslavia: Conflict with Italy over territorial claims, 339, 341, 443, 448, 455, 459, 462, 464, 465, 470, 483–486;
representation at peace conference, 348, 366, 387
-
Kaiser, former German: Abdication rumors, 357; proposed trial of, 335, 341
- Labor, 75, 131, 144, 147, 148–149, 153–154, 156, 168, 173, 178, 341–342, 343, 411, 461, 539–542
- Demonstrations during President Wilson’s trip to Europe, 144, 147, 148–149, 153–154
- International labor conference, proposed, 178, 341,
343, 411, 539–541, 542
- Representation on U. S. peace commission, question
of, 75, 131,
156, 168, 173, 178
-
Wilson, President, views, 147, 168,
173, 178, 343, 539, 541
- Language of the peace conference, discussions, 161, 167, 170, 171, 173–174, 346, 364, 394, 403–404
-
Lansing Robert (Secretary of State):
Appointment as U. S. peace commissioner, 175–176, 176–177, 192; suggestions regarding agreement for League of Nations, 515–519, 526–532
- Latin American republics (see also specific
countries), 76–77, 79–82,
90–91, 108–109, 110–111, 116, 223–235
- League of Nations, attitude toward, 229, 231
- Representation at peace conference, U. S. attitude: Belligerents,
223–224,
225–226,
228, 230, 232–233, 233, 234–235;
countries which severed diplomatic relations with Germany, 224–225, 227, 228–229, 229–230, 231–232, 233;
neutrals, 229–230, 231, 233
- Study by the “Inquiry,” 76–77, 79–82, 90–91, 108–109, 110–111, 116
- Latvia, question of participation in peace conference, 348
- League of Nations, proposed (see also
under
United States: Policies and
proposals for peace), 44–45, 46, 53, 68, 76, 83, 94, 191, 229, 231, 236–240, 319–324, 335, 336–337, 367–368, 369, 389, 490, 491, 494, 497–532, 537–538, 559.
- Adherences, question of, 531–532
- Consideration by—
- Draft texts and comments by—
-
Bliss, Gen. Tasker
H., 521–526
-
House, Col. E. M.,
497–501
-
Mezes. Dr. S. E.,
514–515
-
Miller, D. H., 505–514
- President Wilson,
501–505
- Secretary of State, 515–519, 526–532
- Technical advisers to U. S. peace commission, 319–324
- International telegraphic communication, proposed control of, 537–538
- Principles for inclusion: Association of nations, 497–510, 514–515, 515–519, 521–530;
economic equality, 511–514, 530–531; freedom of the seas, 320, 505n
; open diplomacy, 510–511, 530
- Views of Allied and neutral governments: France. 335, 350,
352, 367–368, 369, 389;
Great Britain, 336–337, 519–521; Japan, 490, 491, 494; Latin American-republics, 229, 231;
Scandinavian countries, 236–240
- Liberia, 248–253, 302, 307, 348, 355, 386, 393, 398, 409, 543–549
- Representation at peace conference, 248–253, 307, 355,
393, 546–547
- Instructions to Liberian commission by Liberian President,
546–547
- U. S. assistance: Accommodations in Paris, 251, 252, 253; inclusion
of American member in commission, 248, 249, 250–251, 251, 252; loan, 248, 251, 252
- Settlement of Liberian questions at peace
conference, proposed, 302, 409, 543–549
- Attitude of Great Britain, 543, 544, 545; of United States, 544–545, 547–549
- Instructions to Liberian commission by Liberian president,
546–547
- Liberian preference for direct negotiations with France,
Great Britain, and United States, 543–544; U. S.
concurrence, 545, 547–549
- Liechtenstein, 314
- Lithuania: Participation in peace conference, question of, 312, 348; study by
the “Inquiry,” 65, 88
-
Lloyd George, 160–161
- London conference of December 1918. See under
Inter-Allied conferences.
- Luxemburg: Participation in peace conference, question of, 300, 310, 348, 356, 362; study by the “Inquiry,” 49, 63, 84;
suggestion as to status of, 373
-
McCall, Samuel W., consideration for appointment as U.
S. peace commissioner, 129, 131, 157–158
- Mexico, question of participation in peace conference, 313–314, 315, 348, 398
-
Mezes, Dr. S. E. (see also
“Inquiry”: Organization and
personnel), amendment to proposed League of Nations agreement,
514–515
- “Middle Europe,” 31, 41–43, 45
-
Miller, D. H., drafts and notes on
League of Nations agreement, 505–514
- Minorities, 478–479
- Monaco, 314
-
Monroe Doctrine, 73, 559, 560
- Montenegro: Participation in peace conference, question of, 254–255, 305, 308, 347, 353, 361, 387, 398; political situation, 462, 465, 473–474; study by the “Inquiry,” 50, 68
- Morocco, 73, 302,
373
- Nepal, 314
- Netherlands question of participation in peace conference, 313–314, 314–315, 348, 398
- Neutrals, question of participation in peace conference, 229–230, 233, 238, 240, 256, 259–260, 280, 281, 286, 310, 313–315, 348, 362, 393, 398, 401
- New states, question of participation in peace conference, 287, 310–312, 348, 356, 361–362, 386, 393, 398, 401
- Nicaragua, question of participation in peace conference, 225, 232–233, 307, 348, 355, 386, 393, 398
- Norway, question of participation in peace conference, 236, 238–240, 313–314, 315, 348, 398
- Occupation, armies of, 341, 342, 383
- Oman, 314
- Open diplomacy, 299, 316, 323–324, 510–511, 530
- Pacific islands, discussions concerning, 71–72, 73,
90, 303, 492–493, 537
- Palestine, proposals regarding, 312, 407, 408
- Pan American treaty, proposed: Draft text, 22–25; study by the “Inquiry,” 22, 25
- Panama, question of participation in peace conference, 225, 232–233, 307, 348, 355, 386, 393, 398
- Panama Canal, 307, 337, 424
- Papacy, question of participation in peace negotiations, 28, 46, 75
- Paraguay, question of participation in peace conference, 313–314, 315, 348, 398
- Persia, 69, 73, 87, 250–263, 302, 310, 348, 356, 362, 408
- Participation in peace conference, question of, 256–263, 302, 310,
348, 356, 362
- British attitude, 256, 259, 260–261, 261–262
- Demands based on the “fourteen points,” 260, 263
- U. S. support, Persian desire for, 256, 257–259, 260, 262; U. S.
attitude, 261
- Study by the “Inquiry,” 69, 73, 87
- Peru (see also
Tacna-Arica dispute), question of participation in
peace conference, 224–225, 227, 231–233, 313, 348, 356, 386, 393, 398, 560, 561
- Poland: Participation in peace conference, question of, 264–265, 312, 348, 356, 361, 366, 386, 387, 393, 398; territorial questions, 33, 30–38,
42, 51–52, 66, 73, 74, 87, 300, 373
- Portugal, question of participation in peace conference, 307, 347, 355, 386, 393, 397
- Presidency of peace conference, discussions, 129, 130, 137, 345, 402, 403
- Press relations at peace conference (see also under
Commission to Negotiate Peace), 346
- Publicity of treaties, 299, 316, 323–324, 510–511, 530
- Reparations and indemnities (see also
War: Damages), 303–304, 335, 335–336, 338, 340–341, 370, 374–377
- Representation at peace conference, discussions concerning
(see also specific countries):
- Belligerents, 157, 225, 227,
228, 229–230, 231, 232–233, 285,
305–308,
345, 347–348, 355, 361,
386, 392, 393, 397–398, 401
- Central Powers, 157, 308–310, 348, 353,
356–357,
363, 387–388
- Countries which severed diplomatic relations with Central Powers,
224–225,
227, 228, 229, 229–230, 231, 232,
233, 313, 348, 356, 362, 386, 393,
398
- Labor, question of, 75, 131, 156,
168, 173, 178
- Neutrals, 229–230, 233, 238, 240,
256, 250–260, 280, 281,
286, 310, 313–315, 348, 362–363, 386, 393,
398, 401
- New states, 287, 310–312, 348, 356,
361–362,
386, 393, 398, 401
- Size of delegations, 328, 131, 136,
137, 156–157, 158, 160–161, 167,
170, 171, 173, 233, 234, 235, 248–249, 250–251, 252,
285, 345, 393, 397–398
- Unrecognized governments, 272, 274, 275,
348, 386, 393, 398
-
Wilson, President, presence at
peace conference. See under
Wilson, Woodrow
: Trip to Europe.
-
Root, Elihu, suggested appointment as U. S. peace
commissioner, 131, 158, 169, 171–172
- Roumanio: Participation in peace conference, question of, 265–266, 305, 307, 393, 397; study by
the “Inquiry,” 29, 50–51, 67,
68, 73, 89
- Russia, 27, 29, 31, 45–46, 47, 48, 56, 65–67, 69, 87–89, 267–278, 301, 305, 312, 356, 362
- Participation in peace conference, question of, 267–278, 301, 305,
312, 356, 362
- British attitude, 277
- Desire for representation, 267–268, 269–270, 273, 275, 276
- Difficulties resulting from political situation:
Participation of unofficial representatives, suggested, 272, 274–275, 277, 278; recognition of Omsk Government, question of,
269, 270, 270–277
- U. S. attitude, 268–269, 270–271
- Study by the “Inquiry,” 27, 29, 31, 45–46, 47, 48, 56, 65–67, 87–89
- Treaties. See
Treaties: Secret.
- Salvador, question of participation in peace conference, 313, 348, 356, 398
- San Marino, 314
- Scandinavian countries, question of participation in peace conference,
236–240
- Schleswig, 236, 288, 300, 314, 373
- Seat of peace conference, discussions concerning Brussels,
Paris, and Switzerland, 119, 120–121, 122, 123–124, 157
- Secretariat for U. S. peace commission. See
“Inquiry”: Reorganization.
- Self-determination, principle of, 51, 73, 349, 353, 360, 370, 443, 445, 448, 452, 455, 557
- Serbia: Participation in peace conference, question of, 265, 266, 307–308, 347, 355, 386, 387, 393, 397; study by
the “Inquiry,” 33, 47,
50, 67, 74, 86
- Siam: Participation in peace conference, question of, 308, 355, 386, 393, 397; study by the “Inquiry,” 72, 73, 75,
90
- Spain, question of participation in peace conference, 313–314, 315, 348, 398
- Spitzbergen, status of, 236, 302
-
St. Jean de Maurienne conference, Apr. 19, 1917, 467–469
- Subject nationalities, study by the “Inquiry,” 15, 18–21,
34, 36–37, 42, 52–53, 58, 73
- Supreme War Council, 119, 241, 242, 243, 386
- Sweden, question of participation in peace conference, 239–240, 313–314, 315, 348, 398
- Switzerland, 119, 120, 120–121, 157, 279–281, 313–314, 315, 348, 398
- Participation in peace conference, question of, 279–281, 313–314, 315, 348,
398
- Seat of peace conference at Geneva or Lausanne, proposed, 119, 120,
120–121,
157
- Tacna-Arica dispute between Chile and Peru, proposed
solutions, 552–562
- Arbitration, 554, 555, 556–558, 558–559
- Bolivian proposal to send delegations to Washington and peace
conference at Paris to present claim for seaport, 553–554; U.
S. attitude, 555–556, 561
- Commission of inquiry under Bryan treaties
for advancement of general peace, 557–558, 562
- Direct negotiations, 560
- League of Nations, 559
- Peace conference, question of submission to, 554, 555,
556, 559, 560, 561
- U. S. good offices: Peruvian acceptance of “mediation,” 552, 554,
555, 556; restriction of offer to assistance in connection with
disturbance at Iquique, 552–553, 554
-
Tarbell, Ida M., suggested assistance to U. S. peace
commission, 160
- Treaties, conventions, etc.:
- Aerial navigation, proposed, 550–551
-
Bryan treaties for advancement of general
peace, cited, 557, 562
- Bucharest, cited, 50, 265–266, 374
- Hague conventions, 299–300, 326–329
- International telegraphic communication agreement, proposed, 535–538
- Pan American treaty, draft, 22–25
- Peace treaty, proposed. See under
United States: Policies
and proposals.
- Publicity of, 299, 316, 323–324, 510–511, 530
- Secret: Treaty of London, Apr. 26,
1915, between France, Great Britain, Italy, and Russia,
75, 287,
294, 301, 360–361, 442, 447, 448,
452, 455, 463, 466–467, 486, 487–488; St. Jean de
Maurienne conference, Apr. 19,
1917, 467–469
- Trentino, status of, 64, 421, 424–431, 442, 453–454, 462, 473
- Trieste, status of, 50, 64, 421, 442, 453–454, 462
- Triple Alliance, 418, 420, 425–426
- Turkey: Participation in peace conference, question of, 301, 309–310, 348, 353, 356, 363, 366–367, 387–388; study by the “Inquiry,” 33, 36–38,
43, 45, 52–53, 69, 73, 86–87, 93, 97, 118
- United States:
- Plans and preparations for peace conference. See
Commission to Negotiate Peace; “Inquiry”; Language of
the peace conference; League of
Nations; Seat of peace
conference;
Wilson, Woodrow
: Trip to Europe.
- Policies and proposals for peace (see also
“Inquiry”: Scope; League of Nations;
Wilson, Woodrow
: Policies and proposals), 285–332, 354–365, 397–406, 535–537
- Armament, limitation of, 299,
326
- Conference: Order of subjects for consideration, 316; procedure of conference, U.
S. observations on French suggestions, 354–365, 397–406; representation of countries and
nationalities, 285, 286
- Economic and trade situation, 299, 329–332
- Freedom of the seas, 285, 288–294, 299, 320
- Hague conventions and other international agreements,
revision, 299–300, 326–329
- Indemnities, 303–304
- International telegraphic communication, 535–538
- League of Nations, 286–287, 295–296, 298, 316, 319–324
- Publicity of treaties, 299,
316, 323–324, 510–511, 530
- Territorial questions: “Principle vs. expediency,” 294–298; summaries, 287–288, 294–298, 300–303; warning against use of force
to achieve immediate territorial ambitions, 324–325
- Treaty of peace, proposed:
- Drafts, 298–304, 316–324, 329–332
- Observations, 304–315, 326–329
- Signatories: Belligerents, 305–308;
Central Powers, 308–310; countries which
severed diplomatic relations with Central Powers,
313; neutrals, 313–315; new states, 310–312
- Unanimity of views of U. S. peace commissioners, necessity
for, 297–298
- Uruguay: Participation in peace conference, question of, 224–225, 227, 228–229, 230, 231, 313, 348, 356, 362, 386, 393, 398; seizure of
German ships in Uruguayan ports, 227, 228–229
- U. S. Department of State: Communications facilities for peace commission,
128; diplomatic missions in Europe,
cooperation with peace commission, 202, 207; memorandum regarding U. S. plans and
proposals for peace, 285–287; relations with the “Inquiry,” 9,
18, 21, 22, 25, 54, 81–82, 90, 99–102, 108–109, 110–111
- U. S. Navy, assistance to U. S. peace commission, 122, 128, 180–181
- U. S. War Department:
- Vatican Participation in peace negotiations, discussions, 28, 46, 75; visit of President Wilson, 142–143, 150, 152, 154, 461, 463, 465
- Venezuela, question of participation in peace conference, 313–314, 315, 348, 398
- War: Damages in Belgium and France (see
also
Reparations), proposed U. S. estimate, 137; Italy’s purposes in, 29, 418–419; responsibility for, 341, 354; status of, memoranda by the “Inquiry,” 41–49
- Warfare, discussions relating to codification of rules of, 326–329
-
White, Henry, appointment as U. S.
peace commissioner, 162–163, 175–176, 192
-
Wilson, Woodrow (President) (see also under
Armistice: Congratulatory
messages), 12, 28, 31, 48,
82, 83, 101–102, 113, 119, 121, 122, 128–154, 159–160, 162, 163, 168, 171–172, 173, 191, 239, 260, 285, 336, 353, 359–360, 368, 381, 410, 460–461, 463–464, 465, 493, 501–505
- Address in reply to President Poincaré’s welcoming speech, text, 147–148
- Attitude toward the “Inquiry,” 12, 82, 113
- Commissioners plenipotentiary to peace conference, views on number
and selection, 159–160, 163, 168, 171–172, 173
- Inter-Allied conference, suggestion concerning, 127
- Policies and proposals for peace: Attitude toward
Germany, 31, 48; “fourteen points,” 83,
101–102,
260, 285, 353, 359–360, 368, 463,
493; League of Nations agreement,
text of President Wilson’s
first draft, 501–505
- Presence at peace conference. See under
Trip to Europe, infra.
- Reply to the Pope’s appeal for peace, cited,
28
- Seat of peace conference, opinion concerning, 119, 121
- Trip to Europe, 122,
128–154,
162, 191, 239, 336, 381, 410, 460–461, 463–464, 465
- Arrangements: Accommodations in Paris, 122, 131, 138, 139, 141; itinerary, 128–129, 130, 131, 135, 136, 137, 140, 141–143, 144, 150–151, 162; passports,
138, 140; presidential party, 138, 140, 141, 150–151, 152, 162; speech of welcome by President Poincaré and President
Wilson’s reply,
texts, 144–146, 147–148; U. S. S.
George Washington
, 143, 152–153, 154
- Labor and Socialist demonstrations, 144, 147, 148–149, 153–154
- Presence at peace conference, views of—
- Democratic supporters, 132–134
- France. 130, 149–150, 153
- Great Britain, 130,
131–132, 336
-
House, Col. E.
M., 135–136
- Norway, 239
- President Wilson himself, 129, 134–135, 136–137
- Secretary of State, 191
- Visits to—
- France, 129, 131, 135, 136, 137–138, 139–142, 143–149, 153, 381
- Great Britain, 128,
129, 131, 132, 136, 150–151, 410
- Italy and the Vatican, 128, 128–129, 131, 137, 142, 142–143, 150, 151–152, 153–154, 460, 461, 463–464, 465.