1967
122. Paper Prepared by Ben Wattenberg of the White House Staff
Source: Johnson Library, White House Central Files, Subject Files, Box 23, EX FO 3–2, 11/27/66–5/23/67. No classification marking. Cater sent the paper to Marks under a January 3 covering memorandum, in which Cater noted: “This proposal came from Ben Wattenberg who has been supplying ideas to the White House. I still think we need to develop a coordinated plan to promote the President’s interest in book programs overseas.”
123. Memorandum From the President’s Special Assistant (Cater)
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1967–1967, Entry UD WW 108, Box 5, Government Agencies—White House—General 1967. No classification marking. Sent to Rusk, Gardner, Gaud, Mumferd, Vaughn, Ripley, and Marks. Another copy is in the Johnson Library, Marks Papers, Box 16, Book Programs [1 of 2].
124. Department of State Press Release
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Subject Files, 1955–1971, Acc. #69–H–3445 [A], Entry UD WW 200, Box 177, Miscellaneous Record Copy. No classification marking. Fanelli sent a copy of the release to Slocum under a January 18 covering memorandum indicating that “Joe Glazer has suggested possible use of the Rusk letter in USIS publications with a student audience.” Fanelli also stated that: “Since the questions asked by the U.S. student leaders are similar to those of many students abroad, I think wide distribution of the Rusk reply would be very helpful.” (Ibid.) An unknown hand wrote on Fanelli’s memorandum that the press release was sent to all USIS posts and made the subject of a column.
125. Report Prepared in the Office of Policy and Research, United States Information Agency
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of Research: Research Reports: 1960–1999, Entry P–142, Box 32, R–2–67. No classification marking.
126. Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs (Frankel) to Secretary of State Rusk
Source: National Archives, RG 59, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs Files, Assistant Secretary for Educational and Cultural Affairs Subject Files, 1966–1967, Lot 70D190, Entry UD UP 176, Box 17, East-West Center—House Appropriations Committee Investigation EDR. Limited Official Use. Sent through S/S. Rusk initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum.
127. Policy Program Directive Prepared in the Office of Policy and Research, United States Information Agency
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1967–1967, Entry UD WW 108, Box 7, Policy and Plans—General 1967. Confidential. Ryan sent a copy of the Program Directive to all USIA Assistant Directors and USIS posts under a February 1 memorandum noting that action was to be taken in accordance with a March 24, 1966, memorandum from USIA Director Marks. (Ibid.) Marks sent copies of the Program Directive and Ryan’s memorandum to Komer under a February 23 memorandum in which Marks noted: “I thought you might like to see the enclosed report which we released on ‘The “Other War” in Viet Nam.’ If you haven’t see the material to which we refer (exclusive of the films), I will be glad to send it to you. One of these days, we might even inveigle you into seeing some of our excellent films on your field.” (Ibid.)
128. Letter From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Marks) to All United States Information Agency Public Affairs Officers
Source: Johnson Library, Marks Papers, Box 28, PAO Letters. No classification marking.
129. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Marks) to Secretary of State Rusk
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1967–1967, Entry UD WW 108, Box 4, Government Agencies—State, Department of, 1967. Secret. Copies were sent to President Johnson (through Kintner), Rostow (with note), and McNamara. All ibid. Drafted by Marks. Written at the bottom of the memorandum in an unknown hand is a notation that reads “By hand 2/3.”
130. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Marks) to President Johnson
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1967–1967, Entry UD WW 108, Box 3, Field—East Asia and Pacific (Viet Nam), 1967. No classification marking. Drafted by Marks. Sent through Kintner. Copies were sent to Christian and Rostow. A typed notation in the upper left-hand corner of the memorandum reads: “SAME TO: Secretary of State Rusk.” Attached to the memorandum but not printed is an undated paper prepared in USIA entitled, “Trend of Reaction to Salisbury Articles Show Recent Shift of Emphasis.”
131. Memorandum From Acting Secretary of State Katzenbach to President Johnson
Source: Johnson Library, National Security File, Subject File, Box 44, Ramparts—NSA—CIA. Secret; Exdis. Katzenbach was acting for Rusk, who was in Buenos Aires attending the Third Special Inter-American Conference.
132. Circular Telegram From the Department of State to All Diplomatic Posts
Source: Johnson Library, National Security File, Subject File, Box 44, Ramparts—NSA—CIA. Confidential. Drafted by Geraldine Sheehan (G/Y), Robison, and Slocum; cleared by Canter, German, and Walker; approved by Kohler. All brackets are in the original.
133. Memorandum From the Deputy Assistant Director for Research Development, United States Information Agency (Crespi) to the Deputy Director for Policy and Research (Ryan)
[Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of Policy and Plans, Policy Coordination Staff, Policy Guidance Staff, Research Program Subject Files, 1966–1967, Entry UD WW 229, Box 59, R–7 Research—General. Secret. 2 pages not declassified.]
134. Memorandum From the Secretary of the Cabinet (Kintner) to President Johnson
Source: Johnson Library, National Security File, Agency File, Box 10, CIA Funding of Private Organizations. Personal. At the bottom of the memorandum Johnson wrote: “yes but suggest to Nick & ask him to talk to Clark C [Clark Clifford] if he thinks ok. L.”
135. Memorandum From the Special Counsel to the President (McPherson) to President Johnson
Source: Johnson Library, National Security File, Agency File, Box 10, CIA Funding of Private Organizations. No classification marking. In the upper left-hand corner of the memorandum, an unknown hand wrote: “rec’d 2/19/67 6:00 p.”
137. Letter From the Under Secretary of State (Katzenbach) to President Johnson
Source: Johnson Library, National Security File, Agency File, Box 10, CIA Funding of Private Organizations. No classification marking.
138. Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs (Frankel) to the Under Secretary of State (Katzenbach) and the Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs (Kohler)
Source: Johnson Library, Office Files of the White House Aides, McPherson, Box 1, Aides Files—McPherson, Box 6, CU 1967. Confidential. Sent through S/S. Copies were sent to McPherson, Cater, and Gardner. According to another copy of the memorandum, Frankel sent a copy to Cater under a February 23 typewritten note. (Johnson Library, White House Central Files, Confidential File, Oversized Attachments, Box 193, 12/2/68, Packet #3 [Cater 2/67—10/67 Materials re US Government and Private Voluntary Organizations, Committee on Voluntary Overseas Activity (COVA) also the Rusk Committee])
139. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Marks) to President Johnson
Source: Johnson Library, White House Central Files, Subject Files, Federal Government Organizations, EX FG 296, Box FG–315, FG 296 3/1/67–4/24/67. No classification marking. Sent through Kintner. An unknown hand, presumably that of one of Johnson’s secretaries, wrote the letter “L” and “brought to the ranch 3/2/67” in the upper right-hand corner of the memorandum.
140. Letter From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Marks) to All United States Information Agency Public Affairs Officers
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1967–1967, Entry UD WW 108, Box 3, Field—General, 1967. Limited Official Use. A shorter version of the letter, which Marks also signed, was circulated in the April edition of the U.S. Information Agency publication, USIA Correspondent, a copy of which is in the National Archives, RG 306, USIA Historical Collection, Office of the Director, Biographic Files Relating to USIA Directors and Other Senior Officials, 1953–2000, Entry A1–1069, Box 14, Leonard H. Marks, Letter to PAOs, 1967. A year later, on March 27, 1968, the U.S. Information Agency, sent an unclassified copy of Mark’s March 6, 1967, letter in circular airgram 2202, and noted that the letter “has been slightly revised and reissued in unclassified form so that it may be made available to all personnel.” (National Archives, RG 306, Executive Secretariat, Secretariat Staff, Subject Files, 1973–1978, Entry P–116, Box 1, 1975 Pike Committee)
141. Memorandum From the Under Secretary of State (Katzenbach) to President Johnson
Source: Johnson Library, White House Central Files, Confidential File, Oversized Attachments, Box 193, C.F. Oversize Attachments: 12/2/68, Packet 3 [Cater 2/67–10/67 material re U.S. Government and Private Voluntary Organizations, Committee on Voluntary Overseas Activity (COVA), also the Rusk Committee]. Secret. Copies were sent to Gardner and Helms. A notation in an unknown hand in the bottom right-hand corner of the first page of the memorandum indicates that it was received at the White House on March 17 at 6:54 pm. Attached to the memorandum are a March 23 typewritten note indicating that the memorandum and its attachment were sent to Clark “at President’s request” and a March 23 routing slip transmitting the memorandum and report. Another copy of the memorandum is in the Johnson Library, National Security File, Subject File, Box 44, Ramparts—NSA—CIA.
142. Letter From Director of Central Intelligence Helms to President Johnson
Source: Johnson Library, White House Central Files, Confidential File, Oversized Attachments, Box 192 [2 of 2], C.F. Oversize Attachments: 12/2/68, Packet 2 [Cater 2/67–10/67 material re U.S. Government and Private Voluntary Organizations, Committee on Voluntary Overseas Activity (COVA), also the Rusk Committee]. Eyes Only. Copies were sent to Gardner and Katzenbach. Cater and McPherson sent the letter to Johnson under a March 25 covering memorandum, in which they stated that Helms had suggested a revision to the Katzenbach report, which Helms had already signed, adding that Katzenbach and Gardner opposed the revision. They explained the nature of Helm’s main reservation, adding that “the amendments suggested by Helms would cripple the report.” Cater and McPherson recommended that the President accept the report as submitted and signed by Katzenbach, Gardner and Helms. Johnson did not approve or disapprove the recommendation, but did initial the top left-hand corner of the memorandum. (Ibid.)
143. Memorandum From the President’s Special Assistant (Cater) to President Johnson
Source: Johnson Library, White House Central Files, Confidential File, Oversized Attachments, Box 192 [2 of 2], C.F. Oversize Attachments: 12/2/68, Packet 2 [Cater 2/67–10/67 material re U.S. Government and Private Voluntary Organizations, Committee on Voluntary Overseas Activity (COVA), also the Rusk Committee]. No classification marking. Cater sent the memorandum to Johnson under a March 28 note, in which Cater stated that he had “held up sending in this new report from Katzenbach until I could talk to Helms this morning. He tells me that it is ‘properly descriptive of my attitude.’ He says that the report is the best consensus that the three of them [Helms, Katzenbach, and Gardner] could reach.” Cater also indicated that Helms urged that the President consider Milton Katz, Professor of International Law at Harvard University, for the follow-up committee as “the most knowledgeable man he [Helms] knows about the overseas aspects of these activities by non-government organizations.” Cater added that Gardner also believed that Katz “would be a strong man on the committee.” Although a line on this note written in an unknown hand reads “Put on President’s Desk” there is no indication that Johnson saw it. Attached to both the memorandum and the note is a handwritten note from Roberts to Cater, in which she wrote: “any need for this to stay on Pres’s desk?”
144. Memorandum From the President’s Special Assistant (Cater) to President Johnson
Source: Johnson Library, Office Files of the White House Aides, Files of S. Douglass Cater, Box 16, Cater, Douglass: Memos to the President, March, 1967. No classification marking. Johnson initialed the top left-hand corner of the memorandum. A notation in an unknown hand in the upper right-hand corner of the memorandum indicates that it was received on March 29 at 12:15 p.m. Another copy of the final Katzenbach, Gardner, and Helms report is in the Johnson Library, White House Central Files, Confidential File, Oversize Attachments, 12/2/68, Box 193, Oversized Attachments: 12/2/68, Packet #4 [Cater 2/67–10/67 Materials re U.S. Government and Private Voluntary Organizations Committee on Voluntary Overseas Activities (COVA), also the Rusk Committee].
145. Memorandum From the President’s Special Assistant (Cater) to President Johnson
Source: Johnson Library, Office Files of the White House Aides, Files of S. Douglass Cater, Box 16, Cater, Douglass: Memos to the President, March, 1967. No classification marking. Annotation in an unknown hand in the top left-hand corner of the memorandum reads: “rec’d 3–31–67 1030a.”
146. Memorandum From Secretary of State Rusk to President Johnson
Source: Johnson Library, White House Central Files, Confidential File, Oversized Attachments, Box 68, CF Oversized Attachments 12/2/68, Packet # 2. No classification marking.
147. Report Prepared in the Office of Policy and Research, United States Information Agency
Source: Johnson Library, Marks Papers, Box 32, USIA Responsibilities in Limited War & Insurgency Situations. Secret. Ryan sent the report to Marks under an April 26 covering memorandum, in which he summarized the report.
148. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Marks) to President Johnson
Source: Johnson Library, White House Central Files, Confidential File, Agency Reports, U.S. Information Agency, Box 135 [2 of 2], United States Information Agency 1967 [3 of 3]. No classification marking. Sent through Kintner, who initialed the memorandum. An unknown hand, presumably that of one of Johnson’s secretaries, wrote the letter “L” in the upper left-hand corner of the memorandum indicating that Johnson had seen it. Another copy is in the Johnson Library, Marks Papers, Box 32, White House Weekly Reports, Library 1967.
149. Letter From the Chairman of the United States Advisory Commission on International Educational and Cultural Affairs (Babbidge) to Secretary of State Rusk
Source: Johnson Library, White House Central Files, Confidential File, Oversized Attachments, Box 192 [2 of 2], C.F. Oversize Attachments: 12/2/68, Packet 2 [Cater 2/67–10/67 material re U.S. Government and Private Voluntary Organizations, Committee on Voluntary Overseas Activity (COVA), also the Rusk Committee]. No classification marking. Copies were sent to Frankel and Donovan. Attached to this letter is an undated typewritten note marked “urgent” that reads: “Mr. Donovan called to say that Mr. Frankel should have this for his meeting with the Secretary tomorrow morning.” There is no record of a meeting between Frankel and Rusk. In the upper right-hand corner of the letter a time stamp indicates that the letter was received in the Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs at 2:27 p.m. on May 5. Babbidge sent a similar and lengthier letter to Vice President Humphrey on the same day. In it, he stated that the Advisory Commission members “are convinced that a basic problem is one of funding and that existing authorities are not wholly effective because of a lack of funds,” and “what is needed is much greater visibility of these programs, and we welcome the opportunity provided by the report of the Katzenbach panel to put down some of our thoughts on this subject.” Babbidge also noted “that any responsible citizen must recognize a need for an intelligence-gathering operation in modern society and a similar need for an apparatus to explain American foreign policy overseas—both in its day-to-day operation and its long-range effects. Nevertheless, both of these instrumentalities should be meticulously separated from education and cultural exchange programs, public and private.” (National Archives, RG 306, Director Subject Files, 1967–1967, Entry UD WW 108, Box 1, Advisory Groups—U.S. Education and Cultural Programs, 1967)
[151 ] 151. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Marks) to President Johnson
Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Subject Files, 1967–1967, Entry UD WW 108, Box 2, Congressional Relations—Vice President, 1967. No classification marking. Sent through Kintner. Marks sent a copy to Humphrey under a May 8 covering memorandum, in which he drew Humphrey’s attention to the fact that he had shared information about their meeting with the President and also that “many of our posts in Europe have held seminars on ‘Great Society’ activities.” (Ibid.) On May 8 Marks also wrote a memorandum for the file summarizing the May 5 meeting with Humphrey, Katzenbach, and Shriver. In it, Marks noted that Humphrey was “distressed to find so little knowledge of American domestic activities by otherwise well-informed Europeans.” Humphrey suggested several ways to correct this, including expanding the “leader grant program” to attract more young people; encouraging U.S. Government officials “to travel abroad and attend meetings, make speeches and be interviewed on radio and television”; and “describing the work that we are now undertaking in relieving poverty, improving education, controlling water pollution, traffic, crime control, etc.” According to Marks, Humphrey called the meeting in order “to stimulate activities in this field and that he would periodically request reports on the progress being made.” A copy of Marks’ memorandum summarizing the meeting is in the same file as his May 8 memorandum to Johnson.