36. Memorandum From the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs (McPherson) to Secretary of State Rusk

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs Files, Assistant Secretary for Educational and Cultural Affairs Subject Files, 1965–66, Lot 69D260, Entry UD UP 175, Box 19, 1965 United States Information Agency. Confidential. Sent through S/S. An unknown hand wrote “S saw” on the first page of the memorandum. Rusk initialed the top right-hand corner of the memorandum. A typewritten note in the file from “LL” to McPherson reads: “Mr. Hadsel of AF wishes to see you along with Mr. Welborn of Research & Intelligence—re the attached. Says there are several points on this subject they think you should know about fairly quickly. Needs to see you on Wed. inasmuch as [“Wellborn” is crossed out and an unknown hand wrote “he”] is out of town after that. Set for 4:15 for 15 min.” At the top of the note is typed: “Appt Wed. Jan. 13 at 4:15.” At the bottom of the note an unknown hand wrote: “12:15 apt.” (Ibid.)

37. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Rowan) to President Johnson

Source: Johnson Library, National Security File, Country File, Vietnam, Box 190, Vietnam Rowan Report. Secret. Another copy is in the National Archives, RG 306, DIRCTR Subj Files, 1963–69, Bx 6–29 63–69: Acc: #72A5121, Entry UD WW 257, Box 26, Field—Far East (Viet Nam), 1965.

38. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Rowan) to President Johnson

Source: Johnson Library, National Security File, Country File, Vietnam, Box 190, Vietnam Rowan Report. Confidential. Rowan sent a copy of the memorandum to Bundy under a March 18 covering memorandum, stating, “I believe a bit of deft prodding by the President would help a lot in these areas.” (Ibid.) According to Johnson’s handwritten notes on a March 29 memorandum he received from Bundy, Johnson saw a copy of Rowan’s March 18 memorandum and requested that Bundy “raise these functions at lunch Tuesday not as coming from Rowan but say you have reports etc.” (Ibid.)

39. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Rowan) to President Johnson

Source: Johnson Library, White House Central Files, Subject Files, Federal Government Organizations, Box FG–314, FG 296 U.S. Information Service 1/1/65–6/1/65. No classification marking. Johnson received this memorandum together with an April 6 memorandum from Valenti. In it, Valenti noted that Nine from Little Rock had won an Oscar on April 5, the first time a USIA film had done so. Valenti proposed that Rowan, Stevens, and Guggenheim “come by the White House” on April 8 to be photographed with Johnson during a brief ceremony in recognition of the film. Johnson approved the recommendation. Handwritten notations on the covering memorandum read “talked to Rowan on 4/7” and “1:15 Apr. 8.” (Ibid.) Johnson met with Stevens and Guggenheim, in addition to Ball, McNamara, and Rowan, in the White House Oval Office on April 8 from 3:50 until 3:55 p.m. (Johnson Library, President’s Daily Diary)

40. Memorandum From the Acting Director of the United States Information Agency (Wilson) to Secretary of State Rusk

Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of Research and Reference: Office of the Assistant Director For Research Analysis: Research Programs Files, 1961–1966, Entry P–89, Box 3, Deputy Director’s Office, 1965–1966. No classification marking.

41. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Rowan) to President Johnson

Source: Johnson Library, National Security File, Agency File, Box 74, United States Information Agency Vol. 4, 4/14/65 [2 of 2]. Secret. In the top left-hand corner of the memorandum, Roberts wrote: “President: ‘Okay, tell him to get going.’ JR.”

42. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Rowan) to President Johnson

Source: Johnson Library, National Security File, Country File, Latin America—Dominican Republic, Box 49, Dominican Republic USIA Psychological Situation Reports, 5/65. Secret.

43. Editorial Note

44. Paper Prepared in the United States Information Agency

Source: National Archives, RG 306, DIRCTR Subj Files, 1963–69, Bx 6–29 63–69: Acc: #72A5121, Entry UD WW 257, Box 24, Advisory Commission—Information—1965. No classification marking. No drafting information appears on the paper. Rowan sent a copy of the paper to Stanton under a May 5 covering memorandum. In it Rowan indicated that following the April 26 U.S. Advisory Commission on Information meeting, he had asked his staff to “prepare a summary of U.S. information policies in Vietnam” for the commission members. Copies were also sent to Olom, Moore, Larmon, Hoyt, Novik and Chandler. (Ibid.)

45. Memorandum From the Deputy Director of the United States Information Agency (Wilson) to the President’s Special Assistant (Moyers)

Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Files: 1962–1965, Entry UD WW 191, Box 12, IAE Director’s Office, 1965. No classification marking. Drafted in IRS; edited by Wilson. Copies were sent to Bundy and Klein. All brackets are in the original.

46. Airgram From the Embassy in the Soviet Union to the Department of State

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Central Files 1964–66, CUL 8–1. Limited Official Use. Drafted by Remick; cleared by Stoessel; approved by Wiener. Sent to the Department for USIA/ICS/EW.

47. Memorandum From the Assistant Director, Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, United States Information Agency (Davies) to the Director (Rowan)

Source: National Archives, RG 306, DIRCTR Subj Files, 1963–69, Bx 6–29 63–69: Acc: #72A5121, Entry UD WW 257, Box 26, Field—Soviet Bloc 1965. Confidential. Copies were sent to Wilson, Anderson, Ryan, Adamson, Brumberg, Adams, Wiener, Davis, Henry, and Jones. An unknown hand wrote “CTR” in the top right-hand corner of the first page of the memorandum. It appears that Rowan saw the memorandum and wrote a “C” over his initials.

48. Guidance Prepared in the Joint U.S. Public Affairs Office in Vietnam

Source: National Archives, RG 306, General Records Relating to the Joint U.S. Public Affairs Office (JUSPAO) 1966–1975 Acc. #87–0089, Entry A1–31, Box 1, JUSPAO Guidance, Issue #3 U.S. Military Build Up and Problems of the American Presence in Vietnam—June 22, 1965. Unclassified.

49. Circular Airgram From the United States Information Agency to All Principal United States Information Service Posts

Source: National Archives, RG 306, Director’s Files: 1962–1965, Entry UD WW 191, Box 9, Director’s Office 1964. Confidential. Drafted by Burns on June 21; cleared by Tull, Smith, Murphy, McClure, Nevins, and DuBois; approved by Moore. Sent via air pouch.

50. Memorandum From the Acting Director of the Broadcasting Service, United States Information Agency (Adamson) to the Director (Rowan)

Source: National Archives, RG 306, DIRCTR Subj Files, 1963–69, Bx 6–29 63–69: Acc: #72A5121, Entry UD WW 257, Box 24, Broadcasting Service—General, 1965. Confidential. An unknown hand wrote “CTR” and “For Mr. Marks” in the top right-hand corner of the memorandum. Both were crossed through presumably indicating that Rowan and Marks saw it.

51. Editorial Note

52. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Rowan) to President Johnson

Source: Johnson Library, National Security File, Country File, Vietnam, Box 190, Vietnam Rowan Report. Secret. In the upper right-hand corner of the memorandum, an unknown hand wrote: “File–Atts to Bundy memo to President Aug 3, 1965.” An additional copy of the memorandum is in the National Archives, RG 306, DIRCTR Subj Files, 1963–69, Bx 6–29 63–69: Acc: #72A5121, Entry UD WW 257, Box 26, Field—Far East (Viet Nam) July–December, 1965. In the same file as the memorandum is an August 2 note from “BK” to Rowan that indicates that the progress report was done at Rowan’s suggestion and was based on a May 19 memorandum from Moore to Rowan, and a July 2 memorandum from Ryan to Rowan, both reporting on progress to date on the March recommendations. Handwritten notations on the August 2 note indicate that copies were sent to Rusk and Bundy. Copies of the May 19 and July 2 memoranda are ibid.

53. Notes of a United States Information Agency Director’s Staff Meeting

Source: National Archives, RG 306, Office of the Director: Executive Secretariat; Staff Meeting Notes, 1953–1965, Entry P–123, Box 3, Director’s Staff Meeting, 1965. Confidential. No drafting information appears on the notes.

54. Memorandum From the Special Assistant to the Director of the United States Information Agency (Keogh) to the Director-Designate (Marks)

Source: National Archives, RG 306, DIRCTR Subj Files, 1963–69, Bx 6–29 63–69: Acc: #72A5121, Entry UD WW 257, Box 26, Field—Far East (Vietnam), July–December 1965. No classification marking.

55. Letter From the Deputy Assistant Director of the United States Information Agency (Shea) to All United States Information Agency Public Affairs Officers

Source: National Archives, RG 306 DIRCTR Subj Files, 1963–69, Bx 6–29 63–69: Acc: #72A5121, Entry UD WW 257, Box 28, Policy and Plans—General—1965. Limited Official Use.

56. Editorial Note

57. Letter From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Marks) to the Deputy Secretary of Defense (Vance)

Source: National Archives, RG 306, DIRCTR Subj Files, 1963–69, Bx 6–29 63–69: Acc: #72A5121, Entry UD WW 257, Box 26, Field—Far East (Viet Nam) July–December 1965. No classification marking. Drafted by Hays on August 27; cleared by Tull (IAF/VN) and in draft in DOD/ISA and DOD/SACSA. Moore sent the final draft to Marks under an August 26 covering memorandum indicating that the letter had the concurrence of the Interagency Psychological Operations Working Group. (Ibid.)

58. Memorandum of Telephone Conversation

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs Files, Assistant Secretary for Educational and Cultural Affairs Subject Files, 1966–1967, Lot 70D190, Entry UD UP 176, Box 14, International Education Program: President’s Task Force General. No classification marking. Drafted by “LL,” who is not further identified. A copy was sent to Ackerman.

59. Statement Prepared in the United States Information Agency

Source: National Archives, RG 306, DIRCTR Subj Files, 1963–69, Bx 6–29 63–69: Acc: #72A5121, Entry UD WW 257, Box 24, Advisory Groups—U.S. Educational and Cultural Programs, 1965. No classification marking. Drafted by Anderson, who sent it to Marks under a September 13 covering memorandum indicating that Marks had requested the statement in advance of his September 13 lunch with Frankel. (Ibid.) Anderson also sent a copy of a statement, with the same title, prepared by Echols, under the September 13 covering memorandum. In a September 23 memorandum to Marks, Lewis indicated that he wanted to add “two supporting points” to Anderson’s September 13 memorandum. (Ibid.)

60. Remarks by President Johnson

Source: Public Papers: Johnson, 1965, Book II, pp. 1003–1006. The President delivered his remarks at the Smithsonian Institution at ceremonies marking the beginning of the bicentennial of Smithson’s birth.

61. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Marks) to the Staff of the United States Information Agency

Source: National Archives, RG 306, USIA Historical Collection, Office of the Director, Biographic Files Relating to USIA Directors and Other Senior Officials, 1953–2000, Entry A1–1069, Box 11, Leonard H. Marks, Directives, 1964–1966. No classification marking.

62. Memorandum From the Deputy Director, Policy and Plans, United States Information Agency (Anderson) to the Director (Marks)

Source: National Archives, RG 306, DIRCTR Subj Files, 1963–69, Bx 6–29 63–69: Acc: #72A5121, Entry UD WW 257, Box 28, Policy and Plans—General—1965. No classification marking.

63. Message From the United States Information Agency to All United States Information Service Posts

Source: National Archives, RG 306, DIRCTR Subj Files, 1963–69, Bx 6–29 63–69: Acc: #72A5121, Entry UD WW 257, Box 27, Government Agencies—White House 1965. Limited Official Use. Drafted by Oleksiw and Pauker on October 4; cleared by Dillon; approved by Anderson. Pauker initialed for himself and Oleksiw; Ryan initialed for Anderson. Sent via pouch.

64. Memorandum From the Director of the United States Information Agency (Marks) to the President’s Special Assistant (Califano)

Source: National Archives, RG 306, DIRCTR Subj Files, 1963–69, Bx 6–29 63–69: Acc: #72A5121, Entry UD WW 257, Box 24, Congressional Relations—General Counsel 1965. No classification marking.

65. Letter From the Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs (Frankel) to Lionel Trilling

Source: National Archives, RG 59, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs Files, Assistant Secretary for Educational and Cultural Affairs Subject Files, 1965–1966, Lot 69D260, Entry UD UP 175, Box 19, 1965 T–U–V. No classification marking. Drafted by Frankel on October 20.