Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United
States, 1916, Supplement, The World War
Index
[Page [986]]
[Page 987]
-
Albania, reported declaration of war 13
- Amer (Wm.) Co., letter to, on release of seized shipments 356–357
- American Transatlantic Co., black list, and seizure of ships 328–329, 339–340, 344–345, 357–358, 382–383, 388–390, 392, 405–406, 422–423, 429–431, 452, 459–460, 479, 487–488.
-
Amiral Ganteaume, passenger ship sunk by German
submarine, 1914 149, 212
-
Ancona, sunk with Americans aboard 143–144, 149, 155, 255, 270–271, 279, 284, 287, 295
-
Antwerpen, sunk with Americans aboard 299, 311
-
Appam, prize in American port 722–745, 774
-
Arabia, sunk with Americans aboard 69, 71, 81, 132, 133, 308–310, 319–321, 327
-
Arabic, sunk with Americans aboard 149, 171, 234, 271, 272, 602
- Arbitration of German-American disputes, proposal 732, 736, 739
- Armament of merchant ships:
- Armed merchant ships in neutral ports, U. S. attitude 148, 170,
189, 212, 244–248, 749–759.
- British practice and instructions 152,
157, 163–167, 169, 173,
181, 183, 187–198, 201, 212, 215,
239, 249–251, 271–272, 324, 752n
, 756n
.
- Effect on conduct of submarine warfare 159, 199–200, 231–232
- German and Austrian memoranda, Feb. 10 and 28 163–167, 181–183, 205–206
- U. S. attitude 170, 172–173, 177–178, 184–185, 202–204, 245–248, 749, 754.
- French practice and instructions 216,
318, 325, 328, 752n
, 754
- Italian practice and instructions 178,
213, 750–751, 753–754, 756n
- U. S. citizens on armed ships, proposed prohibition 170, 177–179, 185–187, 200,
202, 205
- U. S. proposal to discontinue 147–148, 170,
223–224
- Armenian persecutions. See under
Turkey.
-
Aron (J.) & Co., blacklisted firm 429
-
Asquith, H. H. (British Prime
Minister), conversation with Ambassador Page
45–46
- Asylum:
- “Atrocities.” See
Warfare, charges of illegal and inhumane
methods.
-
Ausable
, removal of belligerent reservist 636, 639, 641, 647–651, 656, 664, 667–668, 675–678
- Austria-Hungary:
- Ambassador in United States, appointment and safe conduct 798–807
- Interests in charge of United States, in—
- Peace, terms and attitude 31, 64–66, 109–110, 114–115
- Proposal for negotiations 85,
89
- Reply to U. S. suggestions 119
- Poland, Kingdom of, proclamation 796
- Prize procedure 155, 279, 284,
287, 295
- Relations with United States 250, 269–270, 273–276
- Relief, attitude toward, in—
- Submarine warfare:
- Cases 143–144, 149, 160–161, 175–177, 231, 256, 276–278, 282–283, 286, 288–291, 314
- Pledges as to conduct 145,
182
- Qualifications as to armed ships 167, 182
- War, declaration by Roumania 48, 51–55
-
Aymeric, American cargo to Philippines detained 441, 449
-
Baralong, British auxiliary cruiser, use of American
flag 158, 222, 253
-
Barbara, sunk with Americans aboard 322
- Belgium:
- Deportations 858–870
- Peace terms regarding, views of—
- Relief work:
- Attitude of—
- Ships engaged, safe conduct 872
-
Berwindvale, sunk with Americans aboard 219, 227, 238
-
Bethmann-Hollweg, Th. v. (German
Chancellor), press interviews 69–70, 72–74, 161–162
- Black list of neutral firms 341,
352, 359–360, 423–424, 427–429, 433–434, 442, 457, 481, 505.
- British Trading with the Enemy Act 337–338
- China, application 330, 345–349, 420, 433
- Protests of—
- Germany 409–410
- Scandinavian countries 427
- Spain 436
- United States 5, 339, 411–413, 435, 436, 450, 454, 460–461, 485–486
- Citizens’ protests 383–384
- Note of July 26 421–422
- Replies of Great Britain 352–353, 419–420, 439, 440, 451, 455–456, 462–465, 484, 486–487
- Retaliation proposed 428, 437, 445–446, 466–477, 489, 521
- Black list of neutral ships (see also
Bunker coal, British conditions on grant to neutral
ships) 330, 363–364, 452, 458, 491
- Blockade:
- Continuous voyage doctrine 374–376, 495
- Declaration of London 376
- Effectiveness 376–377, 493
- Neutral ports, British justification for inclusion in 376
- Blockades:
- Central powers, by Great Britain and France (see
also
Contraband of war; Detention and seizure of neutral ships and cargoes):
- British use of term 331, 332, 376, 492, 494, 495
- Protests of United States 4–5, 591
- Special arrangements for U. S. exports:
- Special arrangements for U. S. imports—
- Drugs 396, 544–546
- Dyes 397, 546–561
- Goods bought before announcement 333, 396, 523–533
- Hops 580–584
- Machine knitting needles 396–397, 571–580
- Porcelain machine guides 396, 550, 551, 565, 566–571
- Sodium cyanide 550,
551, 561–566, 567
- Sugar-beet seed 396,
534–543, 551
- Greece, by Great Britain and France 34,
80, 82,
128, 498
- Turkish coasts, by Great Britain and France, relaxation for relief
927, 929–930, 935–937, 939–940
- Brazil, proposal for conference on submarine question 217–218, 223
-
Brewster, Wm. (Consular agent at
Alexandretta), prosecution in courts 843, 845
-
Bryce, Viscount James (former British
Ambassador), conversation with Ambassador Page
43–45
- Bulgaria:
- Interests in charge of United States in Greece 67
- Peace:
- Proposal for negotiations 86
- Reply to U. S. suggestions 138
- War with Allied powers—
- Attitude and conditions 16–17
- Tension with Roumania 19, 23, 27–28
- Hostilities against Roumania 50
- Declaration by Greek provisional government 70
- Bunker coal, British conditions on grant to neutral ships
335, 423, 430, 439, 440, 441, 443, 445, 449, 452, 458–459, 460, 465, 480, 489.
- Cablegrams, transmission by U. S. officials for German and Austrian
officials 144, 803
-
Caesar, American warship in Turkish waters 75, 830–832, 939–940
- Casement, Roger (Irish revolutionist), execution 45, 871
- Censorship. See
Mails.
- Certificates of interest. See under
Black list of neutral firms.
-
Charlton Hall, American ship refused bunker coal 436, 440
-
Chemung, American ship sunk 314
-
Chester, American warship in Turkish waters 830
-
Childs, F. E. Inc., interference with business by black
list 436
- Chile, acquisition of submarines built for Great Britain 712–714
- China, interference with American trade by British 330, 345–349, 420, 433
-
China, removal of belligerent subjects 271–273, 632–635, 637–659, 661–668, 672, 678, 685
-
Chinese Prince, American cargo to Philippines
detained 424–425,
431–432, 441, 447
-
City of Marseilles, reported at-tack on submarine
152, 157, 160, 169, 183, 209
- Coaling. See
Bunker coal, British conditions on grant to neutral
ships.
-
Columbian, American ship sunk 310, 325–327
- Commission of inquiry, proposal 229
- Conference of Tobacco Growers, protest against interference with shipments
514–516
- Congress. See under
United States.
- Constantinople, Russian claim 128, 846
- Consuls. See under
United States.
- Continuous voyage doctrine. See under
Blockade; Contraband of
war.
- Contraband of war (see also
Munitions of war):
- Continuous voyage 331–332, 374
- Cotton, status 377
- Declaration of London, definitions 332
- Definition, principles 331
- Destination, proof 332–334, 361,
374–376,
393–394,
414, 417
- Burden placed on claimant 361
- Lists of—
-
Crewe Hall, merchant ship prepared in American port
for armament 756–757
- Customs collectors. See under
United States.
- Cyanide, importation from Germany 550, 551, 561–566, 567
-
Dacia, transfer of flag and seizure 255
- Declaration of London:
- Blockade 376
- Contraband of war, provisions concerning 247, 332, 361, 393–394
- German appeals to 198
- Hospital supplies, exemption from seizure 944–946, 948–949, 951
- “Neutral flag, neutral ship” (Art. 57), abrogation of rule by
Great Britain 358
- Prizes, destruction at sea 311
- Recognition in present war, complete withdrawal by Allied powers
408, 413–418
- Removal of belligerent subjects from neutral ships 633, 637,
654–656,
664, 668, 673, 675
- Declaration of Paris 331
-
Delto, sunk with Americans aboard 309, 327–328
- Denmark:
- Black list of neutral firms, protest 427
- Neutral conference proposal 695–697
- Neutrality, maintenance 691–692, 694–696
- Peace, support of U. S. suggestions 121–122
- Submarines in territorial waters, treatment 775
- Trade arrangements with Great Britain 340, 398–399, 443,
504, 506, 520–521
-
Descartes, warship, hovering and interfering with
belligerent subjects on American ships 630, 764–765, 780
-
Des Moines, American warship in Turkish waters 829–832, 924–925, 937, 939–940
- Detention and seizure of neutral ships and cargoes:
- Cases 328–329, 339, 344, 350,
363, 383, 387–388, 396, 398–404, 407, 424–425, 427,
431–432,
441, 447
, 449, 485,
492–495,
591–592,
595, 607, 618, 623–624.
- France, rules and practice 382, 393–394, 416–417
- Germany, protests 199–200, 242–243, 254,
258–260,
264, 266–267.
- Germany, rules and practice (see also
Submarine warfare):
- Great Britain, rules and practice 331–337, 340–341, 351, 353–355, 361,
369–380,
390–391,
407, 408, 413–415, 482–483, 490,
492–495.
- Russia, rules 418
- United States, attitude and protests 4–5, 357–358, 362, 363,
388–390,
397–398,
432, 447, 591–592, 595, 604–608
- Note of Oct. 21, 1916, delay of answer 329, 349, 351–352, 360, 362–364
- British answer, April 24 368–382
- Refusal to submit contested principles to prize courts
485
- Visit and search at sea insisted upon 5, 247–248, 252, 591, 605
-
Deutschland, merchant submarine in American port 767–768
- Diplomatic immunity of special employees 807–815
-
Don José
, Civil War case cited 379, 381
- Drugs, importation from Germany 396, 544–546
- Dyes, importation from Germany 397, 546–561
-
Eagle Point, sunk with Americans aboard 220, 228
- Economic conference of Allied powers 972–983
-
Eizaguirre
, search of mails 618, 623
- Embargoes on exports:
-
Englishman, sunk with Americans aboard 215–216, 227–228
- Enlistment in belligerent forces, United States attitude
7
- Extraterritorial rights. See
Diplomatic immunity.
-
Fitzgerald, J. J, (U. S.
Congress-man), letter to, on maintenance of neutrality 3–9
- Flag:
- Determining neutral character of ship, Art. 57 of Declaration of
London abrogated 358
- Neutral, use by disguised warship 222,
253, 680–681
-
Ford, Henry, peace expedition, 1915 691
- Foreign Trade Advisers. See under
United States.
- France:
- Armament of merchant ships, practice and instructions 216, 318,
325, 328, 752n
,
754
- Black list of neutral firms 442
- Contraband lists 405n
, 486n
- Declaration of London, annulment 408,
416–417
- Deportations from occupied territory 858–861
- Detention and seizure of neutral ships and cargoes, rules and
practice 382, 393–394, 416–417
- Greek policy 33, 34, 36–39, 78–80, 82, 92, 127–128
- Hovering by French warship 764–765
- Interests in charge of United States, in—
- Mails, defense of seizure 598–602, 624–628
-
Modus vivendi with Germany, attitude 149–150, 211–212
- Peace, terms and attitude 14–16, 29, 33, 95, 99–100, 102, 104–105, 123–125, 126–127.
- Poland, Kingdom of, attitude 798
- Relief, attitude toward, in—
- Submarines in neutral ports, attitude 769–770
- Syrian persecutions, protest 850–851
-
Francis Joseph (Emperor of Austria,
King of Hungary), letter to President on Polish relief 913
-
Frederik VIII
, removal of parcel post 591, 607
-
Frederick Luckenbach
, removal of alleged belligerent subject 657–661
- “Freedom of the seas” 41, 198, 259
- Fruits, conditions of shipment to European neutrals 502–506
-
Frye. See
William P. Frye.
-
Gade, H. U., complaint about letters of assurance 500–501
-
Genesee, seized under American flag as German owned
357–358, 382, 388, 479
- Geneva Convention (1906) 942, 946, 948–949
-
George V (King of Great Britain and
Ireland, etc.), letter to President on Polish relief 907–908
- Germany (see also
Submarine warfare; Sussex):
- Accord of 1914 with Great Britain 26
- Armenian persecutions, attitude 853,
854, 857
- Representations of United States 847–848, 858
- Belgian deportations, defense 68, 91, 108, 130–131, 862–863, 866–870
- Black list of neutral firms, protest 409–410
- Contraband list 281
- Cotton, exchange for chemicals 548,
553, 555
- Detention and seizure of neutral ships and cargoes, protests 199–200, 242–243, 254, 258–260, 266–267
- Embargoes 547, 549–550, 552, 553–554
- Hospital supplies, attitude on exemption from seizure 947, 949–950
- Interests in charge of United States, in Roumania 47, 52, 824
- Neutral consuls in occupied enemy territory, status 795
- Peace, terms and attitude 20, 23–24, 32–35, 56, 57, 59, 64, 70, 75, 77, 103–104, 108,
128–138,
207, 210, 225, 226, 259, 862.
- Invitation for U. S. good offices 27, 55, 58, 64–65, 67–74,
81–82, 255, 267, 272, 293
- Proposal to negotiate 83, 85–92,
135–136
- Reception of U. S. suggestions 110–111, 113, 118, 125–126, 128–129, 136–137
- Poland, Kingdom of, proclamation 796
- Political conditions 20, 37, 56, 61–64, 67–68, 77–78, 137–138, 206–207, 292–298, 300–307, 314–318.
- Prize procedure 271, 272, 327
- Prizes, destruction at sea 311, 326–327, 370
- Prizes in neutral ports, attitude 723–724, 726, 728–729, 731–733, 737–739
- Relief, attitude toward, in—
- Retaliation, view of effect on neutral rights 23, 154, 157, 171,
199, 243, 254, 258
- Treaty for the advancement of general peace, willingness to sign
with United States 280–281
- War with Allied powers:
- Declaration against Portugal 17–18
- Balkan policy 16–17, 28
- Negotiations with Roumania 24,
31–32, 40
- Declaration by Italy 16, 19, 40,
47–49
- Declaration against Roumania 50
- Declaration by Greek provisional government 70
-
Giuseppe Verdi, armed merchant ship 750–752
- Good offices. See under
Peace; United States,
Consuls.
-
Gore, T. P. (U. S. Senator), resolution against travel
on armed ships 186
- Great Britian (see also
Black list; Blockades;
Detention and seizure of neutral ships and
cargoes; Trade controversies):
- Accord of 1914 with Germany 26
- American policy, opinions concerning 40–46
- Armament of merchant ships, practice and instructions 152, 157,
163–167,
169, 173, 181, 183, 187–198, 201,
212, 215, 239, 249–251, 271–272, 324, 752n
, 756n
.
- Belgian deportations, protest 885
- Bunker coal, conditions oil grant to neutral ships 335, 423,
430, 439, 440, 441, 443–445, 449,
452, 458–459, 460, 465,
480, 489.
- Contraband lists 385–387, 405,
453, 486
- Declaration of London, annulment 408,
413–415
- Embargoes 443, 444, 448–449
- Greek policy 36–39, 78–80, 82, 92, 127–128
- Hospital supplies, attitude on exemption from seizure 944–946, 954–956, 958–959
- Hovering by British war-ships 759–761
- Interests in charge of United States, in—
- Mails, censorship and seizure 3, 44, 591–592, 598–630
-
Modus vivendi with Germany, attitude 151–153, 158, 199,
211–212
- Orders in council 361, 413–414
- Peace, terms and attitude 42–44, 92–93, 95, 100–102, 108–109, 115–116, 123–125.
- Poland, Kingdom of, attitude 798
- Prize procedure 333–334, 353–357, 371,
379–380,
490–491,
610
- Prizes in neutral ports, attitude 725–727, 733–734, 737, 741,
743–745
- Red Cross, attitude on American units in Central empires 958–959
- Relief, attitude toward, in—
- Retaliation, view of effect on neutral rights 377–378, 465
- Submarines in neutral ports and waters, attitude 765–766, 768–770, 779
- Trade arrangements with neutrals 334–336, 340, 350–351, 375,
398–399,
443, 448–449, 482–483, 490, 503–506, 512–513, 520–521, 584–590.
- Greece:
- Attitude toward the war 13, 75–77
- Blockade by Allied powers 34, 80, 82
- Proposal for international prize court 693
- Saloniki, Allied occupation 33, 38–39
- Revolution 50, 60
- War declared by provisional government 70
- Troubles in Athens 78–81, 83–85
- Ultimatums of Allied powers 92, 127–128
-
Grey, Sir Edward (British Secretary
of State for Foreign Affairs), general conversation with Ambassador
Page
40–43
- Guatemala, support of U. S. peace suggestion 106
- Hague conventions cited:
- I, 1899, 1907 (pacific settlement of international disputes) 58, 229
- II, 1899; IV, 1907 (laws and customs of war on land) 798, 876–877
- XI, 1907 (restrictions with regard to the right of capture) 599, 601,
606, 625–626
- XII, 1907 (international prize court) 693–694
- XIII, 1907 (rights and duties of neutral powers in naval war) 725, 728,
733–736,
739, 757
-
Hale, W. B., peace activities and
interviews 58, 64–65, 67, 69–70, 71–74, 129–130
-
Hellig Olav, removal of mails 591, 614
-
Henry
removal of belligerent subjects 641,
647, 656, 664, 667–668, 675–678
-
Herskovits (Albert) & Co.,
blacklisted firm 423–424, 428–429
-
Hocking, seized under American flag as German owned
357–358, 382, 388, 479
-
Hoover, H. C. (chairman,
International Commission for Relief in Belgium) 57, 859, 860–861, 878, 884, 886–889, 895, 898, 914.
- Hospital supplies, exemption from seizure 933–934, 941–956
-
House, Col. E. M., negotiations 27, 55, 57, 68, 130, 148, 151, 153–155, 168, 208, 255, 281.
- Hovering:
-
Hurst, L. H. (British vice consul at Sofia), asylum in
American premises 825–829
-
Igel, Wolf v., arrest and seizure of papers 808–814
-
Imperator, sunk with Americans aboard 231, 256
- Interests of belligerents, protection. See under
individual countries; Representation of belligerent governments in
enemy countries.
- Internment of crews of interned warships 716–719
- Irish political prisoners, representations of United States 870–871
- Italy:
- Armament of merchant ships, practice and instructions 178, 213,
750–751,
753–754,
756n
- Interests in charge of United States, in—
-
Modus vivendi with Germany, attitude 169, 174–175, 213
- Peace, terms and attitude 100, 101, 107,
114, 121, 123–125
- War, declaration against Germany 16,
19, 40,
47–49
- Japan:
- Interests in charge of United States, in—
-
Modus vivendi
with Germany, attitude 268
- Peace terms and attitude 96, 120–121, 123–125
- Visit and search, rules 685–686
-
Jews.
See under
Turkey.
-
John Lambert
, sunk with Americans aboard 323
-
Joseph W. Fordney
, detention and condemnation of cargo 363, 387–388, 406–407
-
Kafue, American cargo for Philippines detained 432, 441, 447
-
Kankakee, seized under American flag as German owned
328, 329, 339–340, 344, 357–358
-
Kashgar, reported attack on submarine 152, 157, 160, 169, 183
-
Kitchin, Claude (U. S. Congressman),
letter to, on black list 432–434
-
Labuan, Civil War case cited 379, 381
-
Lanao, Philippine ship sunk 310, 324
- League to enforce peace, discussion 43, 44, 64, 65, 73, 982
- Letters of assurance 489, 496–502, 504
- Lille, deportations 858–861
-
Lloyd George, David (British Prime
Minister), speech on German peace offer 101–102
- Loans to belligerent governments 8–9
-
Lökken
, sunk with Americans aboard 322
-
Lusitania, negotiations 144, 145, 148, 150–151, 153–157, 160, 161–162, 168, 171–173, 202–204, 207, 234, 255, 260, 602.
-
Mach, E. v. (chairman, Citizens’ Committee for Food
Shipments), correspondence on milk shipments 964–968
- MacNiff Horticultural Co., interference with shipping documents 607, 613
-
Magicienne, Civil War case cited 372, 380–381
- Mails, censorship by belligerents:
- Diplomatic and consular mail—
- Detention 592
- Regulations of—
- Ordinary mail—
- Improper use of information alleged 618–622
- In transit through Great Britain 611
- Removal from neutral ships 3–4, 44, 200, 592, 595, 607, 609
- Shipping documents, special treatment 603, 613, 628
- Supervision by Americans suggested 629–630
- Parcel post—
-
Manchester Engineer, sunk with Americans aboard 216, 228
- Manifests of cargo, verification by U. S. customs officers 507–510
-
Marcus L. Urann
, removal of belligerent subject 667–668, 675–678
-
Marina
, sunk with Americans aboard 69, 71, 81, 132, 133, 299, 300, 312–314, 320, 323, 325
- Maurer (Edw.) Co., complaint against black list 383–384, 391–392
-
McClure, S. S., reports on
information gathered in Europe 25–27, 231, 237
-
McLemore, Jeff (U. S. Congressman), resolution against
travel on armed ships 202
-
Medan
, removal of mails 600, 607, 614
- Mediation. See
Peace: Good offices and
mediation.
-
Merck & Co., blacklisted firm 456, 480
-
Metz, H. A., arrangements for importation of German
drugs 544–546
- Milk, question of shipment to Germany 242,
254, 959–971
- Mine laying, U. S. attitude 5–6
-
Miramichi case cited 407
- Missionaries in Turkey:
-
Missourian, removal of belligerent reservist 636, 640, 659–662
-
Mitchell-Bissell Co., arrangements for importation of
German machine guides 550, 567–571
- Munitions of war:
- Embargo, suggestion of Dept. of Commerce 474, 476
- Sale to belligerents 9, 478, 708–714
- Naval war zone. See
North Sea; Submarine
warfare.
- Netherlands:
- Contraband, conditional, protest against obliteration of 437–439
- Neutral conference proposal, attitude 697
- Submarine warfare, attitude 222–223
- Submarines in territorial waters, treatment 773
- Netherlands Oversea Trust 340, 350–351, 390–391, 393, 395, 398, 401–402, 405, 407, 443, 482–483, 490, 502–504, 507, 511–514, 516, 584–588.
- Discrimination against American trade alleged 502–503, 584–588
- Neutral cargoes on captured ships 247
- Neutral flag. See under
Flag.
- Neutral ports:
- Armed merchant ships, treatment 148,
170, 189, 212, 244–248, 749–759
- Arming and fitting out belligerent ships 712–714, 726, 756–757
- Merchant ships of belligerents in refuge 21–23, 746–749
- Merchant submarines 767–771
- Prizes, treatment 722–745
- Violation by belligerent operations 679–680, 682–683, 686–688
- Warships and tenders of belligerents, treatment—
- Neutral states, cooperation:
- Neutral territory, members of belligerent forces, entrance and transit
701–708
-
Nicholas II (Emperor of Russia),
letter to President on Polish relief 912
-
Nieuw Amsterdam, removal of mails 3, 592, 607, 613
-
Noordam, removal of mails 592, 611
-
Noorderdijk, removal of mails 3, 592, 611
- North Sea, military area declared by Great Britain 5–6, 198
- Norway:
- Black list, protest 427
- Neutrality, maintenance 691–692, 694–696
- Neutral conference proposal 695–697
- Peace:
- Neutral good offices, attitude 30, 691
- Support of U. S. suggestions 112, 121–122
- Submarines in territorial waters, treatment 777–778, 782–783
- Trade arrangements with Great Britain 443, 588–590
- Novocaine. See
Drugs.
-
Oosterdijk, removal of mails 607, 613
-
Oscar II
, removal of parcel post 591
-
O’Shaunessy, G. F. (U. S. Congressman), letter to, on
import arrangements 396–397
-
Owego, American ship attacked by submarine 283, 285–287
-
Palermo, sunk with Americans aboard 323
- Parcel post. See under
Mails.
- Parole, crews of interned warships 716–719
- Passports and consular certificates:
- Certificates of registration 792, 795
- Photographs, requirement 788
- Registration 790–795
- Rules for issuance 7–8, 787–790
- Specification of countries and objects 8, 787–789
-
Pathfinder, American ship refused bunker coal 455, 460, 480
- Peace:
- Central powers’ proposal to discuss 85–92, 94–95, 103–104, 108, 111,
135–136
- Reception in—
- Reply of Allied powers 123–125
- Transmission of communications by United States 94–95,
139
- Discussion in—
- Austria 31, 64–66,
114–115
- France 15–16, 29, 33
- Germany 20, 23–24,
32, 33, 34–35, 56,
58, 59, 64, 75, 77,
128–138
- Russia 982
- Good offices and mediation—
- Spain’s proposal of joint action 28–29
- U. S. suggestions—
- Invitation by Germany 55, 58, 64–65, 67, 68–74, 293
- Conditional intimation to Germany 71, 82, 133
- President’s communication to the belligerents 95, 97–99, 106–107, 112, 122
- Attitude of—
- Austria 109–110
- Denmark 121–122
- France 104–105, 126–127
- Germany 110–111, 113, 118, 125–126, 128–129, 136–137
- Great Britain 103, 108–109, 115–116
- Guatemala 106
- Italy 107, 114, 121
- Japan 120–121
- Norway 112, 121–122
- Pope Benedict
XV
118
- Russia 104
- Spain 102–103, 110, 116, 122–123
- Sweden 121–122
- Switzerland 112–113, 117
- Turkey 119
- Views of—
- Austria 31, 66
- Denmark 691
- Germany 27, 33, 57, 207, 255, 267, 272
- Great Britain 42, 44, 57
- Norway 30, 691
- Russia 58
- Sweden 29, 691
- Switzerland 34, 55–56, 65–66, 96
- Turkey 75
- League to enforce, discussion 43, 44, 64, 65, 73, 982
- Separate peace, reports concerning—
- Terms:
- Allied powers 18, 30, 102, 125, 128, 846
- Central powers 23–24, 59,
70, 108, 137, 207, 210, 226
-
Persia, sunk with Americans aboard 143, 145, 149, 155, 156, 202, 214, 602
-
Petrolite, American ship attacked by submarine 149, 160–161, 175–177, 276–278, 282–283, 286, 288–291.
- Philippine Islands:
- Piepenbrink case cited 657, 663, 666
-
Poincaré, Raymond (President of France):
- Letter to President Wilson
on Polish relief 908–909
- Speeches quoted 15–16, 29
- Poland:
- American Consul at Warsaw, status 795–796
- Kingdom, proclamation 796
- Relief 886–913
- Attitude of—
- Austria 890, 906–907, 913
- France 905, 908–909
- Germany 887–888, 896–897, 906, 909–911
- Great Britain 887–888, 892–894, 898–905, 907–908
- Russia 891, 898, 912
- United States 886–887, 890, 894–896, 899–900, 903–904
- Pope Benedict XV, peace efforts
28, 118
- Portugal, war with Central powers:
- Seizure of German ships 17, 21–23
- Declaration by Germany 18
- Severance of relations by Austria 19
- Prize procedure:
- Austria 155, 277, 279, 284, 287,
295
- Germany 271, 272, 327
- Great Britain 333, 353–357, 371, 379–380, 490–491, 610
- International prize court, suggestion 692–694
- Prizes:
- Radio. See
Wireless telegraphy.
- “Rationing” of European neutrals 336, 340–341, 351, 375, 398, 443, 444, 448–449, 504
- Recruiting. See
Enlistment.
- Red Cross:
- American units, proposed reestablishment in Central empires 956–959
- Relief work:
- Supplies for belligerent countries, problem of shipment 926–930, 933–937, 942–959
- Relief. See under
Belgium, Poland, Serbia, Turkey.
- Representation of belligerent governments in enemy countries:
- Requests and protests to local government 815–816, 821–828, 830–831, 844
- Seals, use on protected property 815–816, 822–823, 844
- Transmission of communications between governments 90, 94–95, 139, 817–819, 858
- Violation of premises used for purpose 813–814, 820–822
- Republic Trading Corporation, arrangements for importation of dyes 546–548, 550–552, 556–558
- Reservists, removal from neutral ships by enemy 630–678
- Retaliation, relation to neutral rights, views of:
- Germany 23, 154, 157, 171, 199,
243, 254, 258
- Great Britain 377–378, 465
- United States 252, 254–255, 263
-
Rievaulx Abbey, sunk with Americans aboard 299, 311
-
Rizal, American ship refused bunker coal 430, 436, 439
-
Roessler & Hasslacher,
arrangements for importation of cyanide 550,
561–566
-
Rotter dam
, removal of mails 592, 595, 607, 613
- Roumania:
- Interests in charge of United States, in Austria and Germany 48
- Search of German legation 824
- War with Central powers:
- Negotiations with Allied powers 13–14, 50–51
- Negotiations with Central powers 24, 31–32, 40,
51
- Preparations 19, 25, 39–40, 46–48
- Tension with Bulgaria 19, 23, 27–28
- Declaration against Austria 48,
51–55
- Declaration by Germany, Turkey, and Bulgaria 49–50
- Evacuation of Bucharest 74
-
Rowanmore, sunk with Americans aboard 298, 300, 311–312
- Russia:
- Declaration of London, denunciation 418
- Interests in charge of United States, in—
- Peace, terms and attitude 58, 104, 123–125, 846,
982
- Poland, Kingdom of, attitude 797–798
- Polish relief, attitude 891, 898, 912
- Trebizond, occupation 35–36
- Safe-conducts:
- Belgian relief ships 872
- Diplomatic officers of belligerent governments 799, 801–802, 804–806
- Saloniki, Allied occupation 33, 38–39
- Salvarsan. See
Drugs.
-
Saxon
, Civil War case cited 381–382
-
Sebekt
sunk with Americans aboard 309, 321
- Serbia:
- Conditions under occupation 16–17
- Interests in charge of United States, in—
- Relief work 886, 913–924
- Shipping lines, restrictions on acceptance of goods 335, 383–384, 391–392, 428, 434, 436, 465, 469–470, 498–499.
- Spain:
- Belgian deportations, protest 866
- Black list, protest 436
- Hospital supplies, proposal for exemption from seizure 947, 949–951, 953
- Neutral conference proposal, attitude 696–697
- Peace, good offices:
- Proposal of joint action with United States 28–29
- Reply of United States 46–47
- U. S. suggestions, attitude 102–103, 110, 116, 122–123
- Submarine warfare, proposal of joint neutral protest 229, 230–231
- Submarines in territorial waters, treatment 776–777
- Syrian relief, activities 935, 938
- Standard Underground Cable Co., interference with mail 607, 614
-
Stern, C. S., correspondence on letters of assurance
489, 498–500
-
Stigstad, damages for detention 492–493
-
Stockholm, removal of parcel post 591
-
Stone, W. J. (U. S. Senator), letter of President on
travel on armed ships 177–478
-
Strathtay, sunk with Americans aboard 299, 311
-
Stuart, Dr. Edward (chief of Sanitary
Mission in Serbia), relief activities 913, 915–920, 923
- Submarine warfare: (see also
Armament of merchant ships):
- Cases of attacks and sinkings:
- American ships 160–161, 175–177, 276–280, 282–283, 285–291, 310, 314, 324–327.
- Belligerent and neutral ships with Americans aboard 143, 145, 156, 214–216, 218–223, 225, 227–238, 298–300, 308–314, 319–323.
- German-American relations, effect on 150–151, 154–157, 160, 161–162, 167,
179–180,
182, 217, 234, 239–244, 249–250, 252, 253–255, 260–264, 271–273, 287–288, 300,
315.
-
Modus vivendi between belligerents
(disarmament of merchant ships), suggestions of United States 146–147, 170, 202
- Negotiations, United States and Central powers (see also
Lusitania; Sussex
):
- Arrangements for American passenger traffic suggested by
Germany 232, 258
- Demands of United States 146–148, 162, 170, 172, 202, 233–234, 245–248, 252
- Pledges of Austria 145, 182
- Qualification as to armed ships 167, 182
- Pledges of Germany 68–69, 144–145, 154, 157, 159, 171–172, 180–182, 199, 231–232, 257–260.
- Neutral passengers and sailors on belligerent ships—
- Resistance and aggression by merchant ships 92, 152, 157, 160,
163–167,
169, 173, 199, 231–232, 324
- Unrestricted conduct, resumption:
- Agitation in March and April 23, 186, 198, 205–211, 214, 217, 220, 224–226, 237
- Intimated if British blockade not relaxed 259–264, 266–267, 288
- Renewed agitation 279, 284, 285, 291–298, 300–308, 314–317.
- Threatened if peace proposal rejected 86, 89, 91, 103–104, 111, 129
- Submarines, treatment in neutral ports. See under
neutral ports, warships.
- Sugar-beet seed, arrangements for importation 396, 534–543, 551
- Supplying belligerent warships in neutral ports 7, 765–766
-
Sussex, sunk with Americans aboard 214–216, 218–223, 225, 227–230
- American note, April 18 232–237
- German notes, May 4, 7 257–266
- American acknowledgment 263,
268
- Sweden:
- Black list, protest 427
- Cooperation with United States, suggestions 66, 425, 427, 436,
594, 689–690, 695–697
- Mails, protest against interference 594
- Neutrality, maintenance 691–692, 694–696
- Peace:
- Neutral good offices, attitude 29, 691
- Support of U. S. suggestions 121–122
- Submarines in territorial waters, treatment 775, 777
- Switzerland:
- Neutral conference proposal, attitude 696–697
- Peace:
-
Taft, W. H. (chairman, central
committee of American Red Cross), letters on obstacles to shipments 942, 947–949, 951–953
-
Tarnowski, Count Adam (Austro-Hungarian Ambassador
designate) 800–802,
804–806
-
Taylor, Dr. V. E reports on milk
supply in Germany 961–971
-
Tjikembang, search of mails 618, 623
- Tobacco:
- British assurance against interference 506, 507–508
- Trade, controversies concerning:
- American exports to neutrals, increase—
- British exports to neutrals—
- Alleged unfair advantage from war measures 340, 404–405, 607
- Denials of unfairness 373,
614
- Trading with the Enemy Act, British. See under
Black list of neutral firms.
- Treaties of commerce, United States and Prussia 723, 725–733, 735–739
- Trebizond, occupation by Russians 35–36
-
Trent, Civil War case cited 631, 632, 635, 637–639, 650, 654, 663, 670, 673–674, 676–677, 685.
-
Trevarrack, sunk with Americans aboard 321
-
Trippel, sunk with Americans aboard 322
-
Tubantia, Dutch ship sunk by submarine 210, 222, 244, 255, 614
- Turkey:
- Aliens and alien property, treatment 832–842, 844–846
- Exchange of nationals demanded 846
- Intercession of U. S. Government and officials 830–836, 839–841, 845–846
- Armenian persecutions 846–850, 852
- Capitulations, abrogation 845
- Foreign institutions, treatment 832–844
- Interests in charge of United States, in—
- Jews, treatment and relief 830–832, 926,
934, 937
- Mails, censorship 842–844
- Peace, terms and attitude 20, 75, 119, 120
- Proposal for negotiations 91–92
- Relief for subject populations 832,
921, 924–940
- Attitude of—
- France 927, 929–936, 935, 936, 939–940
- Great Britain 926,
929, 959
- Turkey 924–927, 930–936, 938–940
- United States 924–926, 928, 930–934, 937–940
- Syrian persecutions 850–852
- U. S, naval forces in Turkish waters 75, 829–832, 924–925, 937,
939
- War with Allied powers—
- Fall of Trebizond 35–36
- Declaration against Roumanian 49
-
U–53, submarine operating off American coast 304, 772–773, 779–780, 782–783
- United States (see also
Passports):
- Armament of merchant ships, attitude 147–148, 170, 172–173, 177–178, 184–185, 202–204, 223–224, 245–248, 749,
754.
- Armenian persecutions, protests 846–848, 852, 858
- Atrocity charges, attitude 9, 255
- Belgian deportations, representations to Germany 71, 132, 860, 863
- Black list of neutral firms, protests 5,
339, 411–413, 435, 436,
450, 454, 460–461, 485–486
- Black list of neutral ships, protests 392, 430–431, 459–460
- Blockade of Central powers, protests 4–5, 591
- Blockade of Greece, attitude 105–106, 499
- Bunker coal, protests against British rules 430, 486, 455
- Citizens in Turkish territories, aid, protection, repatriation
880–884
- Citizens’ protests against—
- Congress:
- Bill for protection of dye industry 551, 553
- McLemore-Gore resolution against travel on armed ships
177–179, 185–187, 202
- Retaliatory measures against restrictions on commerce 466–477
- Consuls:
- Good offices between belligerents 36
- Prosecution in Turkish courts 843, 845
- Registration of citizens 790–795
- Status in belligerent territory occupied by enemy troops
765–796
- Contraband, attitude 447, 483, 485
- Cooperation of neutral states, attitude 46–47, 102–103, 223, 230–231, 426–427, 476–477, 595,
693–694,
696–697.
- Customs collectors, verification of manifests 507–510
- Detention and seizure of neutral ships and cargoes, attitude and
protests 4–5,
247–248,
252, 329, 349, 351–352, 357–358, 360, 362–364, 388–390, 397–398, 432,
447, 485, 591–592, 595, 604–608.
- Economic conference of Allied powers, attitude 972, 973,
982
- Enlistment in belligerent forces, attitude 7
- Foreign Trade Advisers of Department of State, informal
negotiations with British 396, 440–441, 447–448, 497, 499–502, 507–510, 513–514, 523–533, 567,
569–570.
- Hospital supplies, efforts for exemption from seizure 941–944, 946–955, 958
- Hovering by belligerent war-ships, protests 762–764, 780
- Intercessions on behalf of foreigners in Turkey 830–836, 839–841, 845–846
- Irish political prisoners, representations 870–871
- Jews in Turkey, solicitude for 830–832, 926, 937
- Loans to belligerent governments, attitude 8–9
- Mails, protests against interference 4,
591–592,
595, 604–608, 618
- Milk, attitude on shipment to Germany 959–960, 963–965, 967, 968
- Mine laying, attitude 5–6
- Munitions, attitude on sale 9, 474, 476,
708–714
- Naval forces in Turkish waters 75, 829–832, 924–925, 937, 939
- Poland, Kingdom of, attitude 797
- Peace—
- Prize procedure, protest against prevalence of orders in council
5, 485
- Prizes, treatment in ports 727–731, 734–736, 740,
742–743,
745
- Relief, efforts in—
- Belgium 871, 874–875, 883–884
- Poland 886–887, 890, 894–896, 899–900, 903–904
- Serbia 914, 916–918
- Turkey 924–926, 928, 930–934, 937–940
- Reservists, attitude on removal from ships by enemy 630, 632,
637–639,
641, 644, 647, 649–652, 657, 662–678.
- Retaliation, view of effect on neutral rights 252, 254–255, 263
- Submarine warfare, attitude:
- Demands for limitations 146–148, 162, 170, 172, 202, 233–234, 245–248, 252.
-
Modus vivendi between belligerents,
suggestions 146–147, 170, 202, 223–224
- Notes and communications to—
- Austria 143–144, 160–161, 231, 276–279, 314
- Germany 215–216, 219–220, 232–237, 252, 263, 283, 286–287, 298–299, 309–310, 321–323.
- Submarines in ports and waters, treatment 767, 770–771
- Syrian persecutions, protest 851
- Transmission of communications between belligerents—
- Belgian protest against deportations 858
- Central powers’ peace proposal and reply 90, 94–95, 139
- General instructions 819
- Treaty for the advancement of general peace, attitude on signature
with Germany 280–281
- Visit and search, attitude 5, 245, 247–248, 252,
679, 681–683, 684–686, 688.
- Wireless telegraphy, regulations 6–7, 801–803
-
United States, removal of parcel post 494–495, 579, 591
- Unneutral service:
-
Verdi. See
Giuseppe Verdi
.
-
Verona, armed merchant ship 750–752
-
Vinland, molested by British warship in American
waters 759, 762–763
- Visit and search:
- Warfare, charges of illegal and inhumane methods:
- Protest by—
- France 149, 212, 600, 626
- Germany 23, 171, 198–199, 254–255, 258
- Great Britain 158, 212, 377, 380, 465, 600, 626
- U. S. attitude 9, 255
- Warsaw, status of American Consul 795–796
- White, A. D. (former Ambassador in Germany) alleged representations
against munitions export 708–711
- White list of neutral ships. See
Bunker coal.
-
William II (German Emperor):
- Interview with Ambassador Gerard
254–255
- Letter to President on Polish relief 909–910
-
William P. Frye
case:
-
Wilson, Woodrow (President):
- Letter to belligerent rulers on Polish relief 903–904
- Letters to Sen. Stone and Rep. Pou on travel on armed ships 177–178, 185
- Peace suggestions to belligerents 97–99
-
Winneconne, transferred ship trading with European
neutrals 383, 406
- Wireless telegraphy:
- Regulations governing use in United States 6–7, 801–803
- Transmission of official messages for Germany and Austria 183–184, 203, 806–807
-
Wyvell, M. M. (Foreign Trade Adviser), mission to
London 527–533
-
Zamora, British prize case upholding international
law against orders in council 364–368, 488, 492–494
-
Zealandia, visit and search in neutral ports 679–680, 682–683, 686–688