File No. 763.72/2449
The German Ambassador (Bernstorff) to the Secretary of State
[Translation]
Washington,
February 19, 1916
.
J. Nr. A 1082
Mr. Secretary of State: Supplementing my
communication of the 66th instant, A 1146,2 1 have the honor to
transmit to your excellency a copy of the confidential instructions
found on the Appam, which contain, among
other things, the direction that any submarine approaching an
English merchant vessel is to be treated as hostile.
Accept [etc.]
[Enclosure—Telegram]
The Governor of Sierra Leone (Merewether)
to the Governor General of Nigeria at
Lagos (
Lugard
)
Following telegram from Secretary of State:
May 27. My telegram February 17, Admiralty desires that following
additional confidential instructions are to be given to
British-born masters of all British ships before returning to
home waters:
Any submarine approaching a merchant vessel may be treated as
hostile. Gunfire from the latest submarines is effective in
fine weather and at first close range. If chased by
submarine armed with gun, first attempt to escape; if this
proves impossible turn and steer straight for submarine
before she gets close enough to use her gun effectively. It
is believed that German submarine must get into position
nearly end on in order to fire a torpedo. In submarine
waters all ships should proceed at utmost speed, fast ships
whose speed exceeds ten knots should zigzag, course being
altered at short and irregular intervals unless proximity of
other vessels makes this unsafe for navigation. Underwater
speed of submarine is low and zigzagging makes it difficult
for it to get into position to deliver surprise attack.
Wireless warnings sent out from St. Just and Valencia at 3
and 9 a. m. and p. m. in MV Code will tell you where
submarines are active, but should necessity arise, warnings
may be sent at any time. German submarines are fitted with
wireless. No wireless signals except in emergency are
allowed within 100 miles from British coast. Most important
to make landfall after dark, and when position is verified,
give coast a wide berth. Submarines can operate as surface
boats at night; all unnecessary lights therefore increase
the danger. The presence of a ship may be disclosed to a
submarine by the undue use of sirens.
