Attachment
National Security Study Directive Number 5–823
Washington,
March 25,
1982
U.S. POLICY TOWARD EASTERN EUROPE
Introduction
A review will be conducted of U.S. Policy Toward Eastern Europe. This
National Security Study Directive establishes the Terms of Reference
for the Review. (S)
Objectives of the Review
To determine whether or not the United States should differentiate in
its policies between the countries of Eastern Europe and the Soviet
[Page 24]
Union on the one hand,
and among the diverse countries of Eastern Europe on the other. To
the extent that the answer is affirmative, the Review is to define
to what end such a policy is to be pursued and by means of which
instrumentalities. (S)
To produce an analysis of U.S. interests, objectives, the character
of the threat to those interests, and policy recommendations for
achieving our objectives for consideration by the National Security
Council and, subsequently, for decision by the President. (S)
Scope of the Review
The Review will deal with the following subjects:
- 1.
- The long-term objective of U.S. policy
toward Eastern Europe: is it to maintain regional
stability in order to prevent the area from turning into a
potential fulcrum of East-West confrontation, or is it to
encourage processes which, in time, may loosen Moscow’s hold
on the region and lead to its reintegration into the
European community. (S)
- 2.
- The concept of “differentiation”:
- A.
- Should we pursue a policy of differentiation
between the Soviet Union and its East European
dependencies, and among the countries of Eastern
Europe.
- B.
- A discussion of the criteria to be employed in
determining preferential treatment of individual
East European countries:
- —
- Relative independence from the Soviet Union
in the conduct of foreign policy as manifested in
the degree to which East European states resist
associating themselves from Soviet foreign policy
initiatives.
- —
- Relative internal liberalization as
expressed in a willingness to observe
internationally recognized human rights and a
degree of pluralism and decentralization in the
political and economic spheres. (S)
- 3.
- The balance sheet of
“differentiation”: an
analysis of the past and current policies of
“differentiation” by the U.S. and its Allies, with an
assessment of the positive and negative results for U.S.
policy in the region, U.S. relations with its Allies, and
their impact on U.S.-Soviet relations. (S)
- 4.
- Instruments for implementing
differentiation: The review will indicate the means
which the United States can use to reward countries that
meet its criteria and withhold rewards from those that do
not.
- A.
- Economic: an analysis of
such instruments as MFN (annual and multi-annual), credits,
IMF membership,
concessional sales of foodstuffs, rescheduling of
overdue loans, and technology transfer.
- B.
- Cultural: scholarly and
scientific exchanges, and the nature of information
beamed to a given country.
- C.
- Political: high level
visits, activities in international fora (e.g.,
CSCE and the
United Nations), and restrictions on consular and
diplomatic personnel. (S)
The study will establish U.S. policy toward Eastern Europe and
provide basic policy guidance for other studies of matters dealing
with the region. (S)
- 5.
- Allied cooperation: What needs to be
done to secure maximum Allied cooperation in the pursuit of our
policies. (S)
- 6.
- Regional aspects: An analysis of the
individual countries of Eastern Europe—Poland, East Germany,
Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria—with a view to
determining to what extent they meet our criteria, where they
seem to be heading, and what specific issues in their relations
with the United States and the Western Alliance are likely to
come up in the years immediately ahead that will bear on the
policy of differentiation. U.S. policy toward Yugoslavia and
Albania will also be treated, but in a separate context.
(S)
Administration
Management of the NSSD 5–82 review
will be the responsibility of an interagency review group that will
report its findings not later than. April 30, 1982. The review group
will be chaired by the Department of State and will include
Assistant Secretary-level representation from the National Security
Council staff, the Department of Defense, the Central Intelligence
Agency, the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Treasury Department, the
Department of Commerce, the International Communication Agency, and
the Department of Agriculture. (S)
All matters relating to this NSSD
will be classified SECRET or SECRET/SENSITIVE. Dissemination of this
NSSD, subsequent study
material, and the resulting draft NSDD will be handled on a strict need-to-know basis.
(C)
