Foreign Relations of the United States, 1977–1980, Volume XXVIII, Organization and Management of Foreign Policy

190. Memorandum From the Director General of the Foreign Service and Director of Personnel (Laise) to the Deputy Under Secretary of State for Management (Moose)¹

Washington, April 8, 1977

SUBJECT

• Special EEO Recruitment Effort

As you requested, I have had a small working group prepare a description of how the Special Recruitment Effort would operate, including guidelines for the twelve or so recruiters we would put on the campuses for ten days from mid- to late April (Tab 1), and proposed itineraries (Tab 2). I have a list of those men and women, minorities and non-minorities, who would be best suited to the particular task at hand, and as soon as I have your approval for the recruitment plans, I will enlist them for the effort. We are prepared to move quickly, since the recruiters must start planning no later than April 11, and be en route by April 14 or 15.

The Special Recruitment Effort, with the necessary follow-on to it, highlights the importance of establishing a permanent recruitment officer position. Also, I am considering the feasibility of using Foreign Service Day (April 22) to enlist our retired employees in our recruitment plans, and this too would require careful coordination on a continuing basis by the Department.

SPECIAL RECRUITMENT EFFORT

Goals: The Special Recruitment Effort is one of the actions planned by the Affirmative Action Task Force to respond to the Administration’s commitment to bringing more women and minorities into Government, and to demonstrate the Department’s own commitment to increasing the numbers of women and minorities at the professional level in both the Foreign Service and the Civil Service. It is also a step toward establishing on a long term basis a recruitment network of people on campuses and in community affairs, who would be our talent scouts in the coming years. They would encourage bright young minorities and women to take an interest in the field of international affairs in general, and to consider the Department and the Foreign Service as an attractive and rewarding career option in particular. The network will have to be active and concerned in order to meet our over-all goal; a change in the racial and sex composition of the professional levels of the Department and the Foreign Service.

Description: Initial contact point for recruiters will be the career counseling office. Recruiters would be available for a group meeting with students and for a meeting with the career counselor if requested, but that would not be the primary purpose of the visit. Through the career counselor, recruiters would be directed to and would set up meetings with minority and women professors (“role models”), particularly those in the traditional Foreign Service disciplines (history, government, international relations and foreign affairs, economics, government, business and public administration, journalism and communication). They should meet when possible with deans of minority student affairs and deans of women affairs. They should seek the advice of those they approach as to other valuable contacts (for example with off-campus organizations such as the Urban League or on-campus organizations of minority or female students). Recruiters will have to display imagination and ingenuity in searching out the individuals who will be most useful to the recruitment effort. Former participants in the Scholar-Diplomat Program² (recruiters will have their names) could be of important assistance not only because they might be enlisted in the recruitment effort but because they might be able to identify the best people on campus for our purposes.

Guidelines: This first effort will concentrate on recruitment for the Foreign Service of both FSOs and FSIOs. Recruiters will explain to the on-campus individual that this Special Recruitment Effort is not a one-time thing; it is the beginning of long-range and continuing efforts to attract talented minorities and women into the Department and the Foreign Service at the professional level. They will ask the on-campus individual to encourage bright and interested women and minority students to explore careers in international affairs and especially with the Foreign Service. Using the information in our recruitment literature, they will emphasize the challenge of the career, including the very first challenge; passing the examinations. The written examination for the Foreign Service is, admittedly, a difficult screen, but bright minorities and women with the proper preparation can pass it. Recruiters should mention the two affirmative action programs, and should be prepared to discuss both of them, but should emphasize entry through the written examination route. Our effort is to reach that pool of minority and female talent that could succeed in the written examination but who seem to be unaware of or disinterested in Foreign Service careers. Recruiters should stress that we are not looking for sheer numbers but are interested in quality. Recruiters should also assure the on-campus people that the Department will be in continuing touch with them for guidance and exchanges of information.

Follow-on: All recruiters will be responsible for preparing a written report with an evaluation of each campus and comments on the individuals they have recruited. Their reports should include recommendations for future courses of action. A representative of the group should be responsible for preparing a general evaluation with recommendations for the Task Force, and should be prepared to meet with the Task Force.

Tab 1

Paper Prepared in the Bureau of Personnel³

Washington, undated

Background on Selection of Target Campuses

1. The campuses selected for twelve recruitment trips of about ten days duration are either large state universities with high proportions of minority and female students, or selected minority or women’s colleges. Factored into the selection was interest in and success on the written examination (as evidenced by the number who took and passed last December’s examination).

2. Recruiters are not required to visit each campus; of those listed, further inquiry may cause elimination of a few for reasons of timing or interest.

3. Four of the areas to be covered (trips 5, 8, 11 and 12) are large and contain too many campuses for one recruiter to cover in a ten-day trip. Recruiters covering these areas could extend their trips to two weeks, or alternatively, the trips could be divided between two recruiters (and we would simply send out four more).

4. Each list includes also the names of recent participants in the scholar-diplomat program, and the names of FSOs currently in residence.

Tab 2

Paper Prepared in the Bureau of Personnel⁴

Washington, undated

TRIP #1

OHIO

Suggested Schools

1. Miami University (Oxford)

2. Ohio State (Columbus)

3. Ohio University (Athens)

4. University of Cincinnati

5. University of Dayton

6. Wright State University (Dayton)

7. University of Toledo

8. Wilberforce University

9. Oberlin (good source of exam takers)

Former Scholar Diplomat Program Participants

Antioch College	—William J. Parenti
Bowling Green State University	—Robert W. Flansen
College of Mt. Saint Joseph	—Eloise Gompf
Marietta College	—Michele M. H. Willard
Miami University	—Lars G. Schowltz
Mount Union College	—George A. Tone
Ohio State University	—David M. Lampton
Ohio University	—John L. Gaddis
Ohio Wesleyan	—Corinne Lyman
University of Akron	—Grace L. Powell
University of Cincinnati	—Roger Selya
University of Dayton	—Tong-Chin Rhee
University of Toledo	—George P. Jan
Wilmington College	—Donald R. Liggett
Wright State University	—Byron S. J. Wing
Youngstown State University	—David J. Reith
Capital University	—Howard A. Wilson

TRIP #2

PENNSYLVANIA⁵

Suggested Schools *Diplomat-in-Residence

1. University of Pittsburgh (25 students passed exam)

2. Penn State

3. Carnigie–Mellon (Pittsburgh)

4. Drexel University (Phila) (4 students passed exam)

5. Duquesne (Pitt) (15% passed exam)

6. Indiana University (50 exam takers)

7. Lehigh University (6 passers)

8. Shippensburg State

9. University of Pennsylvania

10. Villanova

11. West Chester State—Lincoln University—Cheyney State

*12. Allegheny College (Meadville)

Former Scholar Diplomat Program Participants

Bloomsburg State College	—James M. Afshar
Bucknell University	—John A. Peeler
Chatham College	—Jo Louise Husbands
Dickinson College	—Donald W. Flaherty
Drexel University	—Charles J. Mode
Duquesne University	—Robert S. Barker
Edinboro State College	—Julius M. Blum
Elizabethtown College	—Wayne A. Selcher
Gettysburg College	—Donald G. Tannenbaum
Haverford College	—Wyatt MacGaffey
Kings College	—Richard M. Fulton
LaFayette College	—Michael H. Glantz
La Verne College	—John Lun Jang
Lock Haven State College	—Michael W. Peplow
Penn State Univ.—DelawareCounty Campus	—Martin W. Sharp
Penn State U.—University Park	—C. Gregory Knight
	Robert A. Simko
Slippery Rock State College	—Larry R. Cobb
Swarthmore College	—Kenneth G. Lieberthal
Temple University	—Lloyd Jensen
University of Penna	—Trond Gilberg
University of Pittsburgh	—Dorothy J. Solinger
University of Scranton	—Francis S. J. Homer
Villanova University	—Joseph E. Thompson
Widener College	—Martin E. Goldstein
Lehigh University	—Nicholas W. Balabkins
Franklin & Marshall	—Robert C. Gray
*Allegheny College	—Grant Mouser

TRIP #3

COLORADO—ARIZONA

Suggested Schools *Diplomat-in-Residence

COLORADO

1. Colorado College

*2. Colorado State (Ft. Collins)

3. Colorado Women’s College (Denver) (7 took, 1 passed)

4. Southern Colorado State College (Pueblo)

5. University of Colorado (Boulder) (Colorado Springs) (Denver)

6. University of Denver

7. University of Northern Colorado

ARIZONA

1. Arizona State (Tempe)

2. University of Arizona (Tucson)

Former Scholar Diplomat Program Participants

Colorado College	—Walter E. Hecox
Colorado State University	—Mark T. Gilderhus
University of Denver	—Robert Stalcup
Arizona State University	—Lewis A. Tambs
University of Arizona	—Thomas J. Volgy
*Colorado State College	—William Eagleton

TRIP #4

MICHIGAN

Suggested Schools

1. Central Michigan University

2. Eastern Michigan University (Ypsilanti)

3. Michigan State (East Lansing)

4. University of Detroit

5. University of Michigan (Ann Arbor)

6. Wayne State

7. Western Michigan (Kalamazoo)

Former Scholar Diplomat Program Participants

Adrian College	—Erwina E. Godfrey
Albion College	—Judith Elkin
Eastern Michigan University	—Karen E. Lindenberg
Grand Valley State College	—Donald Herman
Michigan State University (East Lansing)	—William P. O’Hare
Northern Michigan University	—Barry L. Knight
Oakland State University	—Lawrence T. Farley
University of Detroit	—Hung-Chao Tai
University of Michigan (Ann Arbor)	—Clement M. Henry
University of Michigan (Dearborn)	—Dennis R. Papazian
Wayne State University	—Craig N. Andrews
Western Michigan University	—Ernest E. Rossi
Mercy College of Detroit	—Robert E. Johnson

TRIP #5

OKLAHOMA—NEW MEXICO—TEXAS

Suggested Schools

OKLAHOMA

1. Central State (Edmond)

2. Cameron University (Lawton)

3. University of Oklahoma (Norman)

4. University of Tulsa

5. Southeastern State College

NEW MEXICO

1. New Mexico State University (Las Cruces)

2. New Mexico Highlands (Las Vegas)

3. University of New Mexico (Albuquerque)

TEXAS

1. Texas State (Commerce)

2. Lamar University (Beaumont)

3. Rice (Houston)

4. Prairie View A & M

5. Texas A & M University

6. University of Houston

7. University of Texas (Austin)

Former Participants in the Scholar Diplomat Program

OKLAHOMA
Central State University	—Jack J. Reid
Oklahoma State University	—William E. Segall
University of Oklahoma (Norman)	—Sidney D. Brown
*Northeastern State College	—Harpal S. Gill
NEW MEXICO
University of New Mexico (Albuquerque)	—James Lee Ray
TEXAS
Angelo State University	—E. James Holland
Bishop College	—Manuel S. Aldana
Southern Methodist University	—James Brown
Southwest Texas State University	—Arnold Leder
Texas A & M University	—Betty M. Unterberger
Texas Southern University	—Cynthia N. S. Perry
Trinity University	—Lawrence L. Espey
University of Houston	—Jeffrey Adelman
University of Texas (Austin)	—Charles T. McDowell
University of Texas (Dallas)	—Brantly H. Womack
University of Texas (El Paso)	—Richard Bath
East Texas State University	—Keith D. McFarland

TRIP #6

CALIFORNIA—LOS ANGELES—SAN DIEGO

Suggested Schools *Diplomat-in-Residence

1. University of California (Los Angeles) (Irvine) (Riverside) (San Diego)

2. University of Southern California (Los Angeles) (Long Beach)

*3. Occidental

4. Claremont Group Colleges

—Claremont Graduate School

Claremont Men’s College

Harvey Mudd College

Pomona College

Scripps College

5. University of San Diego

6. California State University (Los Angeles)

7. Pepperdine

8. U.S. International (San Diego)

Former Participants in the Scholar Diplomat Program

Cal. State College (Long Beach)	—Barry Steiner
Cal. State College (San Bernardino)	—Brij B. Khare
Cal. State University (Los Angeles)	—Norman M. Gosenfeld
Cal. State University (Northridge)	—Christopher A. Lev
Cal. State College (Stanislaus)	—Steven Hughes
Cal. State Polytechnic College (San Guidlupo [Luis Obispo])	—Carroll R. McKibbin
Cal. State University (Hayward)	—Charles W. Merrifield
Claremont Men’s College	—Richard S. Wheeler
Long Beach City College	—Robert G. Orr
Loyola University Law School (Los Angeles)	—Malvina H. Guggenheim
Pomona College (Claremont)	—Steven S. Koblik
San Bernardino Valley College	—Austin G. Van Hove
Univ. of Cal. (Davis)	—Robert J. Lieber
Univ. of Cal. (Irvine)	—Caesar D. Sereseres
Univ. of Cal. (Los Angeles)	—Susan K. Purcell
Univ. of Cal. (Riverside)	—Morton Schwartz
Univ. of Cal. (San Diego)	—Marc J. Swartz
Univ. of Cal. (Santa Barbara)	—G. Wesley Johnson
Univ. of So. Cal. (Los Angeles)	—Richard L. Merritt
*Occidental	—Jean Wilkowski

TRIP #7

FLORIDA—PUERTO RICO

Suggested Schools

FLORIDA

1. University of Florida (Gainesville)

2. University of Miami

3. Florida State University (Tallahassee)

4. University of South Florida (Tampa)

PUERTO RICO

1. Inter-American University (San German)

2. University of Puerto Rico (Manaquez) (Rio Piedras)

3. World University

Former Participants in the Scholar Diplomat Program

FLORIDA
Florida State University (Tallahassee)	—Robert C. Harris
Florida Tech. University	—Douglas C. Smyth
Univ. of Florida (Gainesville)	—Terrence L. McCoy
Univ. of Miami	—Rafael C. Benitez
Univ. of South Florida	—Susan Stoudinger
Univ. of West Florida	—David S. Myers
Jacksonville University	—John A. Sullivan
Rollins College	—Dwight L. Ling
PUERTO RICO
Catholic University of Puerto Rico	—John de Passalacqua
University of Puerto Rico	—Pedro F. Silva-Ruiz

TRIP #8

GEORGIA—LOUISIANA

Suggested Schools

GEORGIA

1. Atlanta University: Morris Brown

Morehouse

Spelman

Clarke

2. Georgia State (Atlanta)

3. University of Georgia (Athens)

4. Wesleyan (Women) (Macon)

LOUISIANA

1. Dillard (New Orleans)

2. Loyola (New Orleans)

3. Southern (New Orleans)

4. Tulane (New Orleans)

5. Xavier (New Orleans)

Former Participants in the Scholar Diplomat Program

GEORGIA
Clark College	—Susan G. Hadden
Columbus College	—Nam Yearl Chai
University of Georgia	—Don R. Hoy
Valdosta State College	—Dale H. Peeples
Emory University (Atlanta)	—Rondo Cameron
Georgia State University	—Robert E. Johnston
Georgia Southern College	—G. Lane Van Tassell
Oglethorpe University	—Robert B. DeJanes, Jr.
Shaw Decatur High School	—Harvey G. Soff
West Georgia College	—Betty Jane Sherman Youngblood
LOUISIANA
Louisiana State University	—Norman W. Provizer
Tulane University	—James D. Cochrane

TRIP #9

WASHINGTON-OREGON

Suggested Schools

WASHINGTON

1. Seattle University

2. University of Washington (Seattle)

3. Washington State (Pullman)

4. Western Washington State College (Billingham)

5. Eastern Washington State College (Cheney)

OREGON

1. Lewis & Clark (Portland)

2. Oregon State University (Corvallis)

3. Portland State University

4. University of Oregon (Eugene)

Former Participants in the Scholar Diplomat Program

WASHINGTON
East Washington State College	—Ernest W. Gohlert
Seattle University	—Thomas J. Freebon
University of Washington (Seattle)	—Robert C. Williams
Washington State (Pullman)	—Patrick M. Morgan
Western Washington State College	—Ellis S. Krauss
Whitworth College (Spokane)	—Dan C. Sanford
OREGON
George Fox College (Newburg)	—Berton L. Lamb
University of Oregon (Eugene)	—Jon L. Jacobsen
University of Portland	—Earl L. Sullivan

TRIP #10

WISCONSIN

Suggested Schools

1. Marquette University (Milwaukee)

2. University of Wisconsin (Stevens Point)

(Madison)

(Milwaukee)

(Whitewater)

(Oshkosh)

3. Carroll College (Waukesha)

4. Mount Mary College (Milwaukee)

5. Ripon College (Ripon)

Former Participants in the Scholar Diplomat Program

Beloit College	—Nelson Van Valen
Lawrence University (Appleton)	—Minoo D. Adenwalla
Marquette University	—Glenn N. Schram
University of Wisconsin
(Eau Claire)	—Carl Haywood
(La Crosse)	—Bruce Lee Mouser
(Madison)	—Robert E. Frykenburg
(Milwaukee)	—Ricardo R. Fernandez
(Oshkosh)	—Kenneth J. Grieb
(Kenosha)	—Roger P. Hamburg
(Janesville)	—Barbara Williams
(Wausau)	—Angela S. Burger
(Whitewater)	—John B. Ray
Wisconsin State University
(Plattville)	—C. Robert Frost

TRIP #11

ILLINOIS

Suggested Schools *Diplomat-in-Residence

1. DePaul University (Chicago)

2. City College of Chicago

3. Eastern Illinois University (Charleston)

4. Illinois State University

5. Chicago State University

6. Northern Illinois University

7. Loyola of Chicago

8. Northwestern University (Evanston)

9. Roosevelt University (Chicago)

10. University of Illinois (Chicago Circle)

11. Southern Illinois University (Carbondale)

*12. University of Illinois (Urbana)

Former Participants in the Scholar Diplomat Program

Augustana College (Rock Island)	—James B. Bukowski
Bradley University (Peoria)	—John R. Howard
Carthage College	—William C. Gunderson
DePaul	—Elizabeth Succari
Eastern Illinois University	—John R. Faust
Illinois State University (Normal)	—Hibbert R. Roberts
Loyola University of Chicago	—Sam Sarkesian
Northern Illinois University (DeKalb)	—Martin D. Dubin
Southern Illinois University (Carbondale)	—David E. Conrad
Southern Illinois University (Edwardsville)	—Arthur L. Aikman
University of Chicago	—Fenton G. Campbell
*University of Illinois (Urbana)	—Nobel Melencamp

TRIP #12

NEW JERSEY-NEW YORK

Suggested Schools *Diplomat-in-Residence

NEW JERSEY

1. Fairleigh Dickerson (Madison)

2. Glassboro State College

3. Rutgers (Camden)

(New Brunswick)

(Newark)

4. Princeton (Woodrow Wilson School)

5. Seton Hall (South Orange)

NEW YORK

1. CUNY (Brooklyn)

(Hunter)

(City College)

(Queens)

2. Columbia (Barnard)

(School of International Affairs)

(Graduate School of Business)

3. Fordham

4. New York University

5. Pace University

6. St. John’s University

7. Vassar

Former Participants in the Scholar Diplomat Program

NEW JERSEY
Jersey City State College	—Clifford E. Landers
Kean College of New Jersey	—Gilbert N. Kahn
Latin American Institute (New Brunswick)	—John C. Pollock
New Jersey Department of Education	—Gary Gappert
Princeton	—Jane H. Kalicki
Ramapo College of New Jersey (Mahwah)	—Beverly B. Brown
Rutgers (New Brunswick)	—Barbara C. Lewis
Trenton State College	—Carol J. Ehlers
NEW YORK
Adelphi University	—Jerome L. Shneidman
Auburn University	—Daniel J. Nelson
Barnard College	—Lynn E. Davis
Briarcliff College	—Selby H. Joffe
City College of New York	—Nathan Kravetz
Colgate University	—David Strauss
Columbia University	—Donald F. Wheeler
Cornell University	—Cynthia W. Frey
CUNY-Lehman College	—Stanley A. Renshon
Dowling College (Oakdale)	—Norman Holub
Fordham University	—Charles B. Keely
*Hamilton College	—Richard Bochm
Hartwick College	—John O. Lindell
Hofstra University	—William F. Levamstrosser
CUNY-Hunter College	—Gil C. Alroy
Ithaca College	—M. Raquibz Zaman
LeMoyne College	—John B. Boyd
Marist College	—William C. Olsen
North Port High School	—Constantine Louisidis
CUNY-Queens College	—Istvan Szent-Miklosy
Queensboro Community College	—Dr. Choong-Shick Hong
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute	—Harold E. Brazil
CUNY-Richmond College	—Dr. James A. Fetzer
St. John’s University	—Charles F. Holmes
St. Lawrence University	—Robert N. Wells
Skidmore College	—Martha H. Good
SUNY (Fredonia)	—William Dirkraat
(Albany)	—Theodore P. Wright
(Binghamton)	—Sydney R. Waldron
(Brockport)	—Stephen H. Ullman
(Buffalo)	—Alma Lowell Dittmer
(Genesco)	—Jay L. Kaplan
(Oneonta)	—Paul G. Conway
(Oswego)	—Mab Huang
(Plattsburgh)	—Ronald D. Tallman
Syracuse University	—Kenneth D. Auberback
Union College (Schnectady)	—Paul M. Johnson
Utica College	—Elroy B. Thiel
Vassar College	—Michael E. Kraft
Wells College	—Dianne Marie Portelance
SO
O–2	Georgiana M. Prince, M/MO
O–2	Richard T. Salazar, AF/EX
O–2	Rudy V. Fimbres, D/HA
O–2	Wever Gim, EA/RA
POL
O–3	James R. Cheek, NEA/RA
O–4	David D. Passage, S/NOC
O–4	Joseph Lake, EA/PHL
O–4	Roger Harrison, PM/NOC
O–5	William A. Kirby, INR/RNA
E/C
O–3	Stanley Harris, EB/OCA/CD
O–3	Theresa A. Healy, DG/PC
O–3	Henry A. Engelbrecht, EA/ROC
CONS
*O–3	Joan V. Smith, EUR/WE
*S–3	Laurence Stanley, SCA/VO
O–5	Judith Ann Schmidt, FCA/JO
ADMIN
*O–3	Edward J. Perkins, M/MO
O–4	Nicholas Baskey, EUR/EX
O–4	James D. Walsh, A/O
O–5	Peggy Blackford, OPR/ST
O–5	Judith I. Hughes, PA/PP
*O–5	Eric Weaver, NEA/EX
*R–5	Henry R. Grant, S/S-EX

*minority officer

1. Source: National Archives, RG 59, Records of the Under Secretary for Management (M), 1977–1978, Box 1, Chron April 1977. No classification marking.
2. The scholar-diplomat program allowed small groups of associate professors to spend a week at the Department of State observing first-hand the foreign policy process at work.
3. No classification marking.
4. No classification marking.
5. On April 26, Stanley Harris sent a report to Moose about his recruiting trip to Pennsylvania. (National Archives, RG 59, Records of the Under Secretary for Management (M), 1977–1978, Box 3, Chron June 1977)