Index
References are to document numbers
-
- Abrams, Gen. Creighton W., 29
- Acheson, Dean, 16, 24
- Africa (see also Angola):
- As U.S. election issue, 81, 84
- French aid proposal for, 80
- Kissinger’s visits to, 77, 78
- Nixon Doctrine’s effect on, 9
- Oil embargo, 22, 23
- Southern, 74, 77, 81
- Soviet role in, 74
- Transportation infrastructure development in, 77
- United States, relations with, 55
- Unity of, 77
- U.S. policy toward, 77
- U.S. support for self-determination in, 67, 74, 77
- Agency for International Development (AID), 63
- Agenda for the Americas, 28
- Agendas for the future, 57, 59
- Agnew, Spiro T., 11
- Agreements, international:
- Antiballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty (1972), 36, 62, 69
- Egyptian-Israeli Disengagement Agreement (Jan. 1974), 25, 35, 84
- Egyptian-Israeli Disengagement Agreement (Sept. 1975), 63
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 32
- Helsinki Agreements (1975), 69, 83
- Jamaica Agreement (Jan. 1976), 80
- Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 56
- Munich Pact (1938), 71
- Nassau Agreement (1962), 23
- Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT), 54
- On underground nuclear testing, 45
- On the Prevention of Nuclear War (1973), 14, 23
- Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin (1971), 7, 8, 62, 71, 80
- Rio Treaty (1947), 28, 82
- SALT I, 12, 13, 25, 26, 35, 84
- Syrian-Israeli Disengagement Agreement (May 1974), 30, 34, 35
- Treaty of Constantinople (1888), 33
- Treaty of Moscow (1970), 8
- U.S.-Soviet Incidents at Sea Agreement (1972), 35
- U.S.-Soviet Trade Agreement (1972), 55
- Vladivostok Agreement (Nov. 1974), 48, 50, 51, 55, 57, 61, 62, 76
- Agricultural production, 26, 34
- Agricultural protectionism, 8
- Agriculture, U.S. Department of, 47
- Ahern, Paul L., 81
- Aiken, George D., 33, 36
- Akalovsky, Alexander, 61
- Albania, 10
- Albert, Carl B., 33, 35
- Aleksandrov-Argentov, Andrei M., 61
- Algeria, 30, 33, 52
- Allende Gossens, Salvador, 49
- Alliances, U.S., 2
- American community, 28
- American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association (AHEPA), 81
- American Legion, 43
- American Society of Newspaper Editors, 58
- Amnesty for draft-resisters, 6
- Andean Pact, 18, 63, 82
- Andersen, Knud B., 23, 24
- Anderson, Adm. George, 15
- Anderson, Jack, 15
- Anderson, John B., 52
- Anderson, Robert, 42
- Angola:
- Anti-Americanism:
- Anti-ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty (1972), 36, 62, 69
- Anti-ballistic missiles (ABMs), 36, 62, 69, 81
- Anti-war demonstrations, 12
- Apartheid, 77
- Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP), 59, 61, 62
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 22
- Arab-Israeli War (1973). See Yom Kippur War (1973).
- Arab League summit (Rabat, 1974), 53
- Arab oil embargo (see also Geneva Conference (1973); Middle East; October 1973 War):
- Arab states, 30
- Arafat, Yassir, 30
- Arends, Leslie, 33
- Argentina, 30, 82
- Armacost, Michael, 58
- Arms control, 57, 59, 80
- Arms race, 46
- Arms sales, 49, 52, 81, 82, 83
- Armstrong, Anne L., 11, 20, 33
- Armstrong, Willis C., 4
- Ash, Roy L., 20, 39, 50
- Asia, 9, 65
- Assad, Hafez, 33, 35, 52, 53
- Assassinations, 83
- Associated Press, 8
- Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 65
- Atlantic Declaration (1974), 36, 80
- Atlantic partnership (see also Cooperation):
- Australia, 54, 55, 65
- Autarky, 28
- Avery, Sewell, 84
- Azores, 20
- Azorian project, 40
-
- Bahr, Egon, 23
- Balance of payments, 8, 36
- Balance of power, 9, 19, 78
- Ball, George W., 53
- Bangladesh, 15, 17
- Bargaining chip diplomacy, 81
- Baroody, William J., Jr., 20, 50
- Bartholomew, Reginald, 60, 74
- Beall, John G., 52
- Bedouins, 52
- Beef, 34
- Belgium, 30
- Belize, 82
- Bell, Alphonzo, 52
- Bellmon, Henry, 52
- Berger, Marilyn, 30
- Berger, Warren E., 16
- Berlin, 17, 20, 29, 35
- Bicentennial celebration, 57, 70, 71, 76
- Biester, Edward G., Jr., 49, 52
- Bingham, Jonathan B., 49
- Birth control, 32
- Black September, 4
- Blair, William M., 46
- B’nai B’rith, 83
- Boggs, Thomas Hale, 40
- Bogotá foreign ministers meeting (Nov. 1973), 28
- Bolivia, 63, 82
- Border change, 83
- Borg, Parker W., 49
- Boston World Affairs Council, 71
- Botswana, 77
- Boumediene, Houari, 32, 34
- Brademas, John, 53
- Bradlee, Benjamin, 30
- Brandt, Willy, 23, 30, 36, 46
- Bray, William G., 33
- Brazil, 26, 63, 82
- Bremer, L. Paul, 53
- Brennan, Peter J., 11, 20, 50
- Brezhnev, Leonid I.:
- Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War (1973), 14
- Détente, 61
- Ford’s meeting with (Vladivostok, Nov. 1974), 48, 60, 62
- Ford’s relationship with, 48
- Helsinki Summit, 61, 62
- Jackson-Vanik Amendment, 20
- Nixon’s Moscow talks with, 35, 36
- Nixon’s relationship with, 22, 29
- People’s Republic of China military strength, 26
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 26
- Succession issues, 10
- U.S. Middle East discussions with, 36, 48
- U.S.-Soviet relations, 50
- Visits:
- Brimelow, Thomas, 23
- Brinegar, Claude S., 20, 50
- Brokaw, Thomas, 25, 66
- Brooke, Edward W., 33
- Broomfield, William S., 33
- Brown, Gen. George S., 38, 39, 40
- Bruce, David K.E.:
- Buchan, Alistair, 80
- Buchanan, John Hall, Jr., 49
- Buchen, Philip W., 50
- Bulgaria, 23, 68
- Bundy, McGeorge, 23, 48, 53
- Burch, Dean, 33
- Bureau of Inter-American Affairs, 18
- Burger, Warren E., 37
- Burke, Edmund, 78
- Burma, 54
- Bush, George H.W., 11, 20
- Business Week, 50, 82
- Butz, Earl L.:
- Byrd, Harry F., Jr., 35
- Byrd Amendment (1971), 49, 77, 81
- Byrnes, James, 17
-
- Cabinet meetings, 11, 20, 34, 40, 50
- Callaghan, James, 77, 80
- Calvo, Carlos, 28
- Calvo doctrine, 28
- Cambodia:
- Communist victory in, 55
- DRV failure to withdraw from, 6, 11
- Mayaguez incident, 60
- Negotiated settlement in, 41
- Paris Peace Accords (1973), 1, 6
- United States, relations with, 15
- U.S. evacuation of, 55
- U.S. military assistance to, 52, 55
- U.S. military intervention in, 6, 26
- Vietnamese Democratic Republic hegemony over, 54
- Campbell, J. Phil, 20
- Canada, 23, 30, 62
- Caribbean, 20
- Caribbean Free Trade Area, 18
- Carlucci, Frank C., 11
- Carstens, Karl, 23
- Carter, Jimmy, 77, 81, 83, 84
- Case, Clifford P., 51
- Casey, William J., 4, 20
- Castro Ruz, Fidel, 60
- Ceausescu, Nicolae, 62
- Cederberg, Elford A., 33
- Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, 19
- Central American Common Market, 18
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA):
- Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), 56
- Chaban-Delmas, Jacques, 23
- Chancellor, John, 66
- Chapin, Dwight L., 42
- Charter of the Economic Rights and Duties of States, 17, 28, 32, 82
- Chauvinism, 46
- Chemical warfare, 45
- Cheney, Richard B., 75
- Chicago Council of Foreign Relations, 76
- Chicago Tribune, 69
- Chile, 49, 63, 81, 82, 83
- China, People’s Republic of (see also
Sino-Soviet dispute):
- As U.S. election issue, 81, 83
- Europe, relations with, 3
- Hegemony as seen by, 4
- India, relations with, 10
- Japan, relations with, 3, 10
- Kissinger’s views on, 3, 15
- Latin America, relations with, 82
- Military strength of, 26
- NATO as seen by, 10, 29
- Nuclear weapons development, 36
- Soviet alliance with, possible, 26
- Soviet attack on, possible, 15
- Soviet-U.S. relations as affected by, 3, 72
- Succession issues, 3, 10
- United States, relations with:
- Establishment of, 7, 12, 35, 55, 65
- Ford’s re-affirmation of, 41, 55
- In the early Cold War era, 9
- Kissinger’s visits, 3, 84
- Maintenance of, 50, 60
- Nixon’s approach to, 2, 9
- Republic of China’s role in, 25, 50
- Sino-Soviet dispute and, 3, 10
- Turkish aid cut-off’s effect on, 52
- U.S. leverage in, 52
- U.S. perspectives on, 17
- Vietnam War, 3, 26
- U.S. policy toward, 72
- Vietnam War role of, 29
- China, Republic of:
- Chizuk Amuno Synagogue Distinguished Achievement Award, 78
- Chou En-lai. See Zhou Enlai.
- Christian A. Herter Memorial Award, 70
- Chrome, 49, 77
- Church Committee, 67
- Church Report, 83
- Churchill, Winston L.S., 27
- Cienfuegos crisis (Aug. 1970), 2, 29, 36
- Clark, Richard C., 64, 70
- Clements, William P.:
- Climate change, 32
- Cochran, William Thad, 52
- Code of Conduct for Technology Transfer, 82
- Coexistence, 17, 19
- Cohen, William S., 52
- Colby, William E.:
- Cold War, 9
- Cole, Kenneth R., Jr., 20
- Collective defense, 80
- Colombia, 63, 82
- Colorado River salinity dispute, 28
- Colson, Charles W., 1, 52
- Committee for a Free China, 26
- Commodities, 32, 44
- Common law, English, 80
- Communications, 32
- Communism’s weaknesses, 46
- Community, 17
- Competition, 23, 25, 45, 46
- Conable, Barber B., Jr., 52
- Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE):
- Conference of Tlatelolco (Mar. 1974), 28, 33, 63, 82
- Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC), 71, 79, 80, 82
- Congo, Democratic Republic of, 17
- Congo, Republic of (Brazzaville), 67
- Congress, Acts of (see also Jackson-Vanik
Amendment):
- Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act (1954), 59
- Byrd Amendment (1971), 49, 77, 81
- Case Act (1972), 51
- Defense Appropriations Act (1976), 64, 66
- Foreign aid bill (1974–1975), 49
- Foreign Assistance Act (1961), 28, 52
- Foreign Assistance Bill 65–34, 4
- Foreign Military Sales Act, 52
- Gonzales Amendment (1972), 28
- Harkin Amendment, 82
- Hickenlooper Amendment (1961), 28
- Mansfield-Scott bill, 55
- Military Procurement Act (1971), 49
- P.L. 93–448, 52
- P.L. 95–12, 77
- Ryan Amendment, 53
- Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964), 54
- Trade Act (1974), 5, 19, 31, 50, 52, 55, 61
- Trade Reform Bill (1973), 8, 19, 31
- War Powers Resolution (1973), 51
- Congress, U.S.:
- Arab oil embargo, 55
- CIA oversight by, 53, 55, 67
- Cyprus action by, 52, 53, 55, 66
- Defense budget, 2, 26
- Détente, 52, 70
- Energy conservation and development, 55
- Ford’s meetings with leaders of, 22, 33, 57
- Ford’s relations with, 66
- Ford’s speeches to joint session, 48, 55, 58
- Foreign policy role of, 58
- Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) eligibility, 82
- Intelligence services as monitored by, 53, 55, 67
- Inter-American dispute resolution, 28
- Isolationism in, 13
- Kissinger’s meetings with leaders of, 22, 33, 49
- Nixon’s meetings with leaders of, 22, 33, 36
- Nixon’s messages to, 5, 9
- Panama Canal Treaty, 75
- Presidential foreign policy decisions restricted by, 51
- Rogers’s Annual Reports on U.S. Foreign Policy, 7
- Southern Africa, 74
- Wednesday Group, 52
- White House relations with, 1, 66, 81
- Connally, John, 40
- Consensus, 9, 19
- Consultation, 46
- Cooperation (see also Atlantic partnership; Détente):
- Copenhagen summit (Dec. 1973), 29, 30
- Copper, 77
- Corn, 34, 46
- Costa Rica, 82
- Coughlin, Robert L., 52
- Council of Economic Advisors (CEA), 47
- Council of International Economic Policy (CIEP), 5, 47
- Council of the Americas, 13
- Couve de Murville, Maurice, 78
- Covert actions, 53
- Cranston, Alan, 49
- Creditor clubs, 79
- Cromer, Lord, 23
- Crosland, Anthony, 80
- Cuba:
- Angolan intervention by, 64, 66, 67, 72
- As U.S. election issue, 75, 81
- Canadian trade with, 30
- Cienfuegos crisis (Aug. 1970), 2, 29, 36
- Economic sanctions against, 82
- Reagan’s charges of U.S. weakness in, 75
- Southern African role of, 74
- Soviet-U.S. relations and, 29
- U.S.-Latin American relations as affected by, 60, 63
- Weapons training for Peru, 49
- Cuba, José de, 13
- Curzon, Lord, 35
- Cushman, Gen. Robert E., Jr., 29
- Cyprus:
-
- Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), 75, 76
- Davignon, Etienne, 30
- Davis, Jeanne W., 38
- Dayan, Moshe, 23, 25
- DeGaulle, Charles, 19, 23
- Dean, Robert, 13
- Declaration on Atlantic Relations (1974), 36, 80
- Decolonization, 71
- Defense, U.S. Department of:
- Democratic societies, 80
- Democratic solidarity, 80
- Deng Xiaoping, 65
- Dent, Frederick B., 11, 20, 39, 50
- Denton, Capt. Jeremiah A., Jr., 6
- DePalma, Samuel, 4
- Derwinski, Edward J., 73
- Détente (see also Cooperation):
- Advantages of, 29, 30
- Alternative to, 31
- As U.S. election issue, 69
- As watered-down, 75
- Atlantic partnership and, 24, 36
- Competition and cooperation in, 45, 46
- Congressional attitude toward, 52, 70
- Cooperation as a step toward, 17
- Criticism of, 59, 60, 70, 80
- For prevention of nuclear war, 22, 31
- Future process for, 45
- Helsinki Summit discussion of, 61, 62
- Increasing Soviet military strength and, 68
- Jackson-Vanik Amendment’s effect on, 19
- MFN status’ effect on, 19, 29, 60
- Nixon-Kissinger talks on, 25
- In the post-Vietnam War era, 58
- Reagan’s view of, 69
- Solzhenitsyn’s deportation’s effect on, 35
- Soviet role in Angola and, 64
- Soviet view of, 20
- Trade Reform Bill’s effect on, 19, 31
- U.S. view of, 9, 13, 22, 64
- Developing nations, 51
- Diego Garcia, 54
- Dillon, C. Douglas, 23, 53
- Dinitz, Simcha, 33
- Diplomatic secrecy, 12, 81, 83
- Disarmament, 12, 81
- Dispute resolution, 28
- Dobrynin, Anatoly F.:
- Dominican Republic, 82
- Domino theory, 2
- Donaldson, William H., 23
- Donelan, Joseph F., Jr., 4
- Donovan, Hedley, 42
- Douglas-Home, Alec, 23
- Draft evaders, 43
- Drug culture, 46
- Drug trafficking, 9
- Duckett, Carl, 26
- Dunlop, John T., 20
- Durant, Will, 66
- Dymshits, Veniamin, 61
-
- Eagleburger, Lawrence S., 53, 58, 75
- East-West Center, Honolulu, 65
- East-West relations, 80
- East-West trade, 19, 36, 55, 80, 84
- Eastern Europe, 68, 73, 75, 80, 83, 84
- Echeverría, Luis, 13, 17, 28, 32, 82
- Economic assistance program, U.S., 33, 34
- Economic Club of Detroit, 64
- Economic coercion, 28
- Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA), 82
- Economic development, 17, 32, 51, 60, 80, 81
- Economic Policy Board, 47
- Economic renewal, 51
- Economic sanctions, 81, 82
- Ecuador, 55, 63, 82
- Egypt:
- Disengagement agreement with Israel (Jan. 1974), 25, 35, 84
- Disengagement agreement with Israel (Sept. 1975), 63
- Israel, relations with, 25, 35, 52, 53, 55, 84
- October 1973 War, 19, 22, 25
- Soviet Union, relations with, 22, 33
- Syria, relations with, 52
- U.S. economic assistance to, 33
- U.S. military assistance to, 40
- U.S. talks with, 48
- Ehrlichman, John D., 8, 30, 42
- Eid, Guy, 4
- Einaudi, Luigi, 82
- Eisenhower, Dwight D., 12, 45, 76, 80, 83
- Elections:
- Eliot, Theodore L., Jr., 4
- Elizabeth II, Queen, 81
- Ellsberg, Daniel, 30
- Ellsworth, Robert F., 38, 40, 81
- Energy Action Group, 24, 27
- Energy conservation and development:
- Energy cooperation, 36, 44
- Energy crisis, 24, 27, 44, 46, 84
- Energy policy, U.S., 52
- Energy prices, 38
- Enhance Plus, 3
- Entebbe raid (July 1976), 81
- Environmental issues:
- Environmental warfare, 36, 45
- Esch, Marvin L., 52
- Ethiopia, 49
- Europe:
- Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War (1973), 23
- Anti-Americanism in, 29
- Arab oil embargo, 22, 23
- Communist role in governments of, possible, 71, 73, 83
- CSCE, 23, 36
- Energy cooperation, 36
- Fears of possible Middle East events, 23
- Force reductions in, 12
- Identity of, 24, 46
- Isolationism in, 2
- Kissinger’s speech on the Year of, 8, 23, 24, 30, 36, 46
- Kissinger’s view of, 30
- MBFR talks, 23, 24, 36
- Nixon Doctrine’s effect on, 9
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 3
- Soviet trade with, 36, 55, 84
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 23, 24
- United States, relations with, 2, 23, 24, 25, 29, 42, 46, 58, 80
- U.S. defense of, 8
- U.S. desire for hegemony as charged by, 15, 23, 36
- U.S. leadership as seen in, 53
- Vietnam War as opposed in, 2
- European Community (EC):
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 22
- Arab relations with, 30
- British membership in, 54
- Canada, relations with, 23
- Changes in U.S. perspectives on, 80
- Competition with United States for Japan, 23, 25
- Copenhagen summit (Dec. 1973), 29, 30
- Energy crisis, 24
- French leadership of, 25
- Grain stockpiling, 60
- Japan, relations with, 23
- Latin America, relations with, 82
- Nature of European identity as discussed within, 24
- Technical assistance to Arab States, 30
- U.S. friction with, 8, 15, 25, 36, 50
- European Security Conference, 2, 8, 80
- European unity:
- Evans, Rowland, 73
- Everett McKinley Dirksen Forum, 69
- Executive Club of Chicago, 31
- Export-Import Bank, 50, 51
- Expropriation of U.S. property, 28, 82
-
- Fahmy, Ismail, 38
- Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud, 22, 23, 34, 35, 52
- Famine, 32
- Farrell, Robert E., 50
- Fielding, Lewis, 30
- Finland, 61, 62, 80
- First International Economic Report (1973), 5
- Fisher, Dean, 25
- Flanigan, Peter M., 20, 33
- Flexible response, 8
- Foisie, Philip, 30
- Food cooperation, 36, 44
- Food for Peace program, 59
- Food production in LDCs, 60
- Food scarcity, 17, 44, 46, 47
- Food security, 26, 32, 34, 79
- Food stockpiling, 34, 60, 79
- Force reduction talks. See Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions (MBFR).
- Ford, Gerald R.:
- Angola, 66
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 22
- Brezhnev’s relationship with, 48
- Cambodia, 55
- Congressional relations with, 66
- Cooperation, 51
- CSCE participation by, 60, 62
- Cyprus, 44
- Debate with Carter, 83
- Détente, 61, 62, 64
- DOD budget increase requested by, 76
- Draft evaders, 43
- Eastern Europe seen as free from domination by, 83
- Economic development, 51
- Election campaign (1976), 69, 75, 76, 81, 83
- Energy conservation and development, 55
- Food scarcity, 44, 47
- Foreign policy assessment of first year in office of, 60
- Foreign policy issues for 1975, 50
- Geneva Conference (1973), 48
- Inauguration of, 37
- Jackson-Vanik Amendment, 20, 51
- Japan, 55
- Legislative restrictions on Presidential foreign policy decisions, 51
- Meetings:
- With Brezhnev in Vladivostok, 48, 60, 62
- Brokaw interview (Jan. 1976), 66
- Cabinet, 40, 50
- Helsinki Summit, 61, 62
- NSC, 26, 40
- With Park Chung Hee (Nov. 1974), 60
- With Republican Congressional leadership, 57
- With bipartisan Congressional leadership, 22, 33
- With Kissinger, 48
- With Kissinger and Scowcroft, 83
- With Mao Zedong, 65
- With Schmidt, 62
- Memoranda:
- Messages to heads of government, 38
- Middle East, 41, 44
- News conferences, 51, 64
- Pacific Doctrine, 65
- Paris Peace Accords (1973), 40, 41
- Peace through strength, 43
- People’s Republic of China-U.S. relations, 41, 55
- Presidential transition, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42
- Reagan’s charges answered by, 69
- Reconciliation in the post-Vietnam War era, 57
- Rhodesia, 77
- Rockefeller nomination, 48
- Southern Africa, 77
- Soviet-U.S. relations, 41
- Soviet use of radiation at U.S. Embassy Moscow, 70
- Speeches:
- Chicago Council of Foreign Relations (Mar. 1976), 76
- Congressional Joint Session (Oct. 1974), 48
- Congressional Joint Session (Apr. 1975), 48, 55, 58
- CSCE (Aug. 1975), 62
- DAR (Apr. 1976), 75, 76
- East-West Center, Honolulu (Dec. 1975), 65
- Everett McKinley Dirksen Forum (Mar. 1975), 69
- Inauguration (1974), 37
- Meet the Press interview, 64
- Navy League of the United States (Apr. 1975), 57
- North Atlantic Council (May 1975), 60
- State of the Union (Jan. 1974), 55
- Tulane University (Apr. 1975), 57
- UNGA (Sept. 1974), 44
- In the U.S. House of Representatives, 41, 51
- Veterans of Foreign Wars (Aug. 1974), 43
- White House Conference on Domestic and Economic Affairs, 55
- Trade Act (1974), 31
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 40
- U.S. military assistance policy, 52
- U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union, 72
- Vietnam Republic aid request, 55
- Visits:
- California (Apr. 1975), 54
- Federal Republic of Germany (July 1975), 62
- Helsinki (July–Aug. 1975), 61, 62
- Japan & Korea (Nov. 1974), 48, 51, 55, 60, 65
- People’s Republic of China, Philippines, Indonesia (Dec. 1975), 65
- People’s Republic of China (1972), 41
- People’s Republic of China (Dec. 1975), 55, 60
- Poland (July 1975), 62, 80, 83
- Romania (Aug. 1975), 80, 83
- Vladivostok (Nov. 1974), 48, 55, 60, 62
- Yugoslavia (Aug. 1975), 80, 83
- Whip Inflation Now (WIN) program, 48
- Foreign Affairs (magazine), 23
- Foreign policy, U.S. (see also Morality in
foreign policy; Pragmatism in foreign policy):
- As U.S. election issue, 69, 71, 75, 81, 83, 84
- Assessment of Ford’s first year in office, 60
- Congressional role in, 58
- Difficulties in implementation of, 53
- Elements of, 78
- Issues for 1975, 50
- Nixon’s annual reports on, 9
- Paris Peace Accords as major achievement in, 7, 26
- Role in Latin America of, 82
- Watergate’s effect on, 15, 38, 46
- Fortune, 48
- 40 Committee, 38, 53
- France:
- African aid proposal of, 80
- Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War (1973), 23
- Anti-Americanism in, 30
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 22
- EC leadership role of, 25
- Foreign policy of, 29
- Gaullism, 19, 49
- Iraq, relations with, 23
- Military forces, growth in, 36
- North-South relations, 79
- Nuclear weapons development, 36
- Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin (1972), 7
- United States, relations with, 23, 30, 46
- U.S.-European relations, 23
- Vietnam War, 78
- Watergate crisis, 78
- Weapons sales to Saudi Arabia, 52
- France, Boyd, 50
- Frank, Charles, 82
- Frankel, Max, 83
- Fraser, Donald M., 49, 59
- Free trade, 32
- Frelinghuysen, Peter H.B., 33
- Frenzel, William E., 52
- Friedersdorf, Max L., 33, 50
- Fulbright, J. William, 16, 22
-
- Gammon, Samuel R., 38
- Gart, Murray, 42
- Gaullism, 19, 49
- General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 32
- Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), 82
- Geneva Conference (1973) (see also Arab oil embargo; Middle East; Yom Kippur War (1973)):
- Gergen, David R., 20
- German unification, 29
- Germany, Democratic Republic of, 7, 13, 62
- Germany, Federal Republic of:
- Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War (1973), 23
- Ford’s visit to, 62
- GDR agreement with, 62
- Military forces, growth in, 36
- North-South relations, 79
- Nuclear weapons as forbidden to, 13
- Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin (1972), 7, 62
- Solzhenitsyn’s exile to, 35
- United States, relations with, 30
- U.S. as seen in, 46
- Vietnam War, 2
- Geyelin, Philip, 30
- Gibbons, Sam M., 49
- Gierek, Edward, 62
- Gilliam, Jerry, 75
- Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry, 36, 80, 83
- Gladstone, William, 78
- Golan Heights, 19, 30
- Gold standard, 5
- Goldman, Patricia, 52
- Gompert, David C., 52, 58
- Gonzales Amendment (1972), 28
- Goodpaster, Gen. Andrew J., 2
- Grain stockpiling, 34, 60, 79
- Graubard, Stephen, 70
- Graybeal, Sidney, 26
- Great Britain:
- Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War (1973), 23
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 22
- Common law, 80
- EC membership for, 54
- MBFR, 23
- North-South relations, 79
- Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin (1972), 7
- United States, relations with, 23, 24, 30
- U.S. differences over NATO with, 23
- Vietnam war, 2
- Weapons sales to Saudi Arabia, 52
- Grechko, Andrei, 36
- Greece:
- Green, Marshall, 4
- Green Revolution, 32
- Greenfield, Meg, 30
- Greenspan, Alan, 50
- Gridiron Club, 83
- Griffin, Robert P., 33
- Gromyko, Andrei A.:
- Grunwald, Henry, 42
- Guatemala, 82
- “Guns vs. butter” issue, 11
- Gwertzman, Bernard, 61, 84
-
- Habib, Philip C., 49, 54
- Haig, Brig. Gen. Alexander M., Jr., 20, 25, 33, 40
- Haldeman, H.R., 1, 8, 42
- Hall, William, 4
- Hammer, Armand, 36
- Hardin, Clifford M., 26
- Harkin Amendment, 82
- Harlow, Bryce N., 20, 26
- Harmel, Pierre, 80
- Harmel Report (Dec. 1967), 80
- Harriman, W. Averell, 53
- Harrington, Michael J., 49
- Hartmann, Robert T., 20, 40, 50, 75
- Harwood, Richard, 30
- Hatfield, Mark O., 52
- Hawaii, 65
- Heath, Edward, 23, 30
- Hegemony:
- Helsinki Agreements (1975), 69, 83
- Helsinki Summit (1975), 61, 62
- Hersh, Seymour, 49
- Herter, Christian A., 70
- Hickenlooper Amendment (1961), 28
- Hirohito, Emperor, 60, 65
- Ho Chi Minh, 54
- Holdridge, John H., 7
- Holton, A. Linwood, 33, 49
- Horton, Frank J., 52
- House of Representatives, U.S.:
- Appropriations Committee, 40, 76
- Ford’s speeches before, 41, 51
- Future Foreign Policy Research and Development Subcommittee (International Relations Committee), 72
- Nixon impeachment, 25
- Paris Peace Accords (1973), relations with White House regarding, 1
- Pike Committee, 67
- Ways and Means Committee, 19
- Howe, Jonathan, 13
- Huang Zhen, 29
- Hughes Glomar Explorer mission, 40
- Human Rights, 49, 59, 60, 77, 81, 82, 83
- Humanism, 80
- Humphrey, Hubert H., Jr., 25, 34, 59, 75
- Humphrey-Scott delegation to Moscow, 61
- Hungary, 23, 68, 73
- Hunger, 32, 34, 51, 62, 81
- Hunt, Terence, 70
- Hussein I, ibn Talal, King of Jordan, 30, 34, 35, 38, 53
- Hyland, William G., 26, 54, 61
-
- Idealism, 35, 46
- Ikle, Frederick C., 26, 39
- Impeachment, 25, 30
- Incidents at Sea Agreement (1972), 35
- Independence, 79
- India:
- Indian Ocean, 22, 54
- Indian subcontinent, 17
- Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, 15, 42
- Indonesia:
- Inflation, 20, 32, 48
- Ingersoll, Robert S., 38, 40, 49, 52
- Inouye, Daniel K., 33
- Intellectuals, 46
- Intelligence, 53, 55, 67, 83
- Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), 82
- Inter-American dispute resolution, 28
- Inter-American trade, 28, 82
- Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Treaty) (1947), 28, 82
- Interdependence:
- International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), 32
- International Council of Scientific Unions, 32
- International Court of Justice, 77
- International Development Association (IDA), 32
- International Energy Agency, 55, 60, 84
- International Food Review Group, 47
- International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), 79
- International Institute for Strategic Studies, 80
- International Law of Europe and America in Theory and Practice (Calvo), 28
- International Monetary Fund (IMF), 32
- International Resources Bank (IRB), 79
- International trade, 5
- Iran, 52, 81, 83
- Iraq, 22, 23, 83
- Iron, 82
- Isolationism:
- Israel:
- Arab demands on, 22
- Arab oil embargo and U.S. relations with, 40
- Disengagement agreements:
- Egypt, relations with, 25, 35, 52, 53, 55, 84
- Elections (1973), 22, 25
- Entebbe raid (July 1976), 81
- Influence in U.S. politics of, 11
- Jordan, relations with, 53
- Military strength of, 15
- Morality as basis for U.S. relations with, 78
- Nuclear weapons development, 22
- October 1973 War, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 31, 35
- Physical security vs. legitimacy of, 84
- Syria, relations with, 30, 34, 35
- United States, relations with, 40
- U.S. economic and military assistance to, 20, 22, 33, 40, 78, 83
- U.S. resolve and security of, 78
- Withdrawal from occupied territories by, 23, 25, 33
- Italy:
-
- Jackson, Henry M., 31, 42
- Jackson-Vanik Amendment (see also Most Favored Nation (MFN) status):
- Jamaica Agreement (Jan. 1976), 80
- Janney, Stuart S., 81
- Japan:
- Anti-Americanism in, 29
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 22
- Arab oil embargo, 22, 23
- As non-military power, 12
- European Union, relations with, 23
- International importance of, 8
- Latin America, relations with, 82
- Nationalism in, 29
- North-South relations, 79
- NPT, 54
- Nuclear weapons development, 13
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 3, 10
- as seen by Kissinger, 15, 48
- Self-reliance in, 80
- Soviet axis with, possible, 54
- Soviet trade with, 36, 55, 84
- United States, relations with:
- U.S.-European competition for, 23, 25
- U.S. security guarantee for, 13, 55, 56
- Japan Society, 60
- Javits, Jacob, 61
- Jaworski, Leon, 42
- Jenkins, Albert LeS., 7
- Jerusalem, 22
- Jewish emigration from the Soviet Union, 20, 30, 31, 36, 49, 52, 55, 61, 66, 81, 83
- Jews, American, 22, 23, 33, 66
- Jiang Qing, 3
- Jobert, Michel, 23, 30
- John XXIII, Pope, 19
- Johnson, James P., 52
- Johnson, Lyndon B., 12, 49, 54, 66
- Johnson, U. Alexis, 4, 26
- Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS):
- Jordan:
- Jorden, William J., 13
- Judd, Walter, 26
-
- Kadar, Janos, 68
- Kalb, Bernard, 25
- Kant, Emmanuel, 17
- Katzir, Ephraim, 35
- Kaul, T.N., 52
- Kaunda, Kenneth, 77, 84
- Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 56
- Kennan, George F., 56
- Kennedy, Edward M., 25
- Kennedy, John F., 12, 83
- Kennedy, Col. Richard T., 38, 40
- Kennedy, Robert F., 49
- Kenya, 77, 83
- Kiep, Walther L., 23
- Kissinger, Henry A., 68
- Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War (1973), 14, 23
- Angola, 64, 67
- Anti-Americanism, 13, 29
- Appointment as Secretary of State of, 16
- Arab oil embargo, 22, 25, 27, 33
- Arms race, 46
- As historian, 46
- As lame duck, 70
- Birth control, 32
- Brezhnev visit (June 1973), 3, 14
- British-U.S. relations, 24
- Carter’s relationship with, 83
- Colson’s view of, 52
- Communism’s weaknesses, 46
- Congressional-White House relations, 1
- CSCE, 62
- Cyprus, 34, 44, 50, 81
- Defense budget, 4, 25
- Détente, 22, 25, 29, 30, 31, 58, 64, 70, 80
- Difficulties in foreign policy implementation, 53
- Economic assistance program, U.S., 33
- Economic development, 32, 60, 80
- Election campaign (1976), 75, 81, 83
- Energy conservation and development, 32
- Energy crisis, 24, 27, 44, 84
- Energy policy, 52
- Europe as seen by, 30
- European-U.S. relations, 23, 24, 25, 29, 36, 80
- Food scarcity, 44, 46, 47
- Foreign policy assessment of Ford’s first year in office, 60
- Foreign policy issues for 1975, 50
- Geneva Conference (1973), 25, 48
- Gromyko meetings with, 34
- Hussein talks with, 34, 35
- Inter-American trade, 28
- Interdependence, 28, 32, 46, 58
- International cooperation, 17
- Isolationism, 16
- Israeli security and U.S. resolve, 78
- Jackson-Vanik Amendment, 19, 23, 52, 53
- Japan as seen by, 15, 48
- Latin America, 13, 63, 82
- Looking to the future by, 46
- Meetings:
- Cabinet, 20, 40, 50
- Congressional Wednesday Group meetings, 52
- Helsinki Summit, 61
- Latin American Foreign Ministers luncheon (Sept. 1975), 63
- North Atlantic Council, 22
- NSC, 26, 40
- With past and present foreign policy key people, 23, 53
- Reston interviews, 46, 84
- Senate Finance Committee, 31
- Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 45, 77
- With Senators and State Department officials (June 1975), 60
- Special Actions Group, 38
- With Time magazine editorial board, 42, 48
- With the Washington Post, 30
- With bipartisan Congressional leaders, 22, 33, 49
- With Colby and Moorer, 25, 30
- With Ford and Scowcroft, 83
- With Mao Zedong, 3, 29
- With National Conference of Editorial Writers, 83
- With New York Times, 46
- With Nixon, 25
- With reporters, 25
- With Scowcroft, 15
- With Zhou En-lai, 3
- Memoranda:
- Middle East, 33, 46, 53, 63, 84
- Monetary reform, 8, 28, 32
- Morality in foreign policy, 70
- Nixon’s annual review of foreign policy, 9
- Nixon’s relationship with, 25, 30, 52
- Nixon’s resignation, 42
- Nixon’s views on, 52
- Nonintervention, 28
- North-South relations, 71, 79, 80
- NSC system, 39
- Nuclear war, 84
- October 1973 War, 20, 22
- Paris Peace Accords (1973) signed by, 1
- Peace through strength, 43, 78
- People’s Republic of China, 3, 15, 84
- Permanent interests of the United States, 71
- Political leadership, need for, 46
- Presidential transition, 38, 39, 40, 42
- Quality of life, 17
- Retrospective look at legacy of, 84
- Rockefeller nomination, 48
- SALT I treaty, 25, 84
- Saudi Arabia’s role in oil embargo, 52
- Schlesinger’s Overseas Press Club speech as critiqued by Scowcroft, 56
- Schlesinger’s relationship with, 30
- Science and technology, 17, 28, 32
- Sino-Soviet dispute, 46, 84
- Southern Africa, 74, 77
- Speeches:
- American Legion (Aug. 1974), 43
- American Society of Newspaper Editors (Apr. 1975), 58
- Boston World Affairs Council (Mar. 1976), 71
- Conference of Tlatelolco (Mar. 1974), 28, 82
- Eagleburger critique of, 70
- Economic Club of Detroit (Nov. 1975), 64
- International Institute for Strategic Studies (London, June 1976), 80
- Japan Society (June 1975), 60
- Laramie (Feb. 1975), 70
- Los Angeles World Affairs Council, 52, 58
- Lusaka (Apr. 1976), 77, 84
- Moral Purposes and Policy Choices (Pacem in Terris Conference), 19, 49
- National Urban League (Aug. 1976), 77
- Pilgrim Society, 23, 24, 27, 46
- Saint Louis (May 1975), 58
- San Francisco (Feb. 1975), 70
- UNCTAD IV conference (Nairobi, May 1976), 77, 78, 79
- UNGA (Sept. 1973), 17, 19, 28, 32, 34, 47
- UNGA (Apr. 1974), 32
- UNGA (Sept. 1974), 44
- UNGA 7th Special Session (Sept. 1975), 63, 79
- University of Wisconsin Institute of World Affairs (July 1975), 59
- Upper Midwest Council (July 1975), 59
- World Food Conference (Nov. 1974), 47
- The “Year of Europe,” 8, 23, 24, 30, 36, 46
- Status in Washington of, 70
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 29, 36, 42, 71
- Trade Reform Bill (1973), 31
- Unilateral disarmament, 29
- U.S. military assistance policy, 52
- U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union, 72
- Vietnam War, defeat in, 54, 55, 58
- Visits:
- Africa (Apr.–May 1976), 77, 78
- Bonn (Mar. 1974), 30
- Brussels (Dec. 1973), 22
- Brussels (Mar. 1974), 30
- California (Apr. 1975), 54
- Europe (July 1974), 36
- Geneva (Apr. 1974), 34
- Helsinki (July 1975), 61
- Israel (Sept. 1975), 63
- Latin America (Feb. 1976), 82
- Latin America (June 1976), 82
- Middle East (Nov. 1973), 22
- Middle East (May 1974), 34, 35
- Moscow (Mar. 1974), 29, 30
- People’s Republic of China (July 1971), 3, 84
- People’s Republic of China (June 1972), 3
- People’s Republic of China (Feb. 1973), 3
- Paris (May 1973), 11
- Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of (DPRK):
- Korea, Republic of (ROK):
- Korean War, 2, 4, 35, 54
- Kornienko, Georgi M., 61
- Korologos, Thomas, 33
- Kosygin, Alexei N., 20
- Koven, Ronald, 30
- Kubisch, Jack B., 18
- Kubitschek de Oliveira, Juscelino, 26
- Kudirka, Simas, 49
-
- Laird, Melvin R., 20, 26, 61
- Land, Edwin H., 15
- Laos, 26
- Latin America:
- Agenda for the Americas, 28
- Anti-Americanism in, 11, 13
- Bogotá foreign ministers meeting (Nov. 1973), 28
- European Community, relations with, 82
- Hemispheric dialogue, 60, 63
- Human rights in, 82
- Importance to U.S. in U.N. of, 13
- Japan, relations with, 82
- Kissinger’s meeting with Foreign Ministers of, 63
- MFM Working Groups, 63
- New Dialogue meetings, 63, 82
- Nixon Doctrine’s effect on, 9
- People’s Republic of China, relations with, 82
- Regionalism in, 18
- Soviet Union, relations with, 82
- Trade, 28
- United States, relations with, 2, 28, 55, 60, 63, 82
- U.S. economic and military aid to, 28, 63
- U.S. foreign policy role in, 82
- U.S. hegemony in, 18
- U.S. policy in, 18, 26
- Latin American Economic System (SELA), 82
- Law of the Sea Conference, 28
- Le Duc Tho, 1, 25, 84
- Leadership, 46
- League of Families, 12
- Leaks, 12
- Leatherman, Mildred, 70
- Leber, Georg, 23
- Lee Kuan Yew, 52
- Lend-lease, 20
- Lescaze, Lee, 30
- Less-Developed Countries (LDCs), 60, 74, 79, 81, 84
- Lewis, Samuel W., 70, 82
- Liberia, 77
- Libya, 22, 23
- Liebman, 61
- Lin Piao, 3
- Lincoln, Abraham, 55
- Linkage concept, 20, 84
- Lodal, Jan M., 26
- Lodge, Henry Cabot, II, 13
- Lone Rangerism, 81
- Lord, Winston, 54, 58, 60, 63, 70, 72, 74, 82
- Los Angeles Times, 69, 75
- Los Angeles World Affairs Council, 52, 58
- Love, John A., 20
- Lowenstein, James G., 68
- Luns, Joseph, 23
- Lusaka Manifesto, 77
- Lynn, James T., 11, 20, 50
-
- Macaulay, Thomas, 28
- Mack, Vice Adm. William P., 35
- Macmillan, Harold, 23
- Macomber, William, 4
- Maginot line, 29
- Mahon, George, 33
- Makarios, Archbishop, 52, 81
- Malaysia, 54, 65
- Malek, Frederic V., 20
- Manchuria, 15
- Manifesto on Southern Africa, 77
- Mansfield, Michael J.:
- Mao Zedong:
- Marcona, 82
- Marder, Murray, 30, 75
- Marsh, John O., Jr., 40, 50
- Marshall Plan, 32, 46, 48, 54, 80
- Mayaguez incident, 60
- McClellan, John L., 22
- McCloskey, Robert J., 4, 52
- McCloy, John J., 23, 53
- McFall, John J., 33, 35
- McKnight, Lt. Col. George G., 6
- McNamara, Robert S., 53
- Meany, George, 61
- “Meet the Press,” 64
- Meir, Golda, 23, 25
- Mexico, 28, 63, 82
- Meyer, Armin H., 4
- MFM Working Groups, 63
- Middle East (see also Arab oil embargo;
Geneva Conference (1973); Yom Kippur War (1973)):
- Arab-Israeli disengagement agreements, 25, 30, 34, 35, 63, 84
- As danger spot, 13
- As U.S. election issue, 81
- Ceasefire in, 17
- European fears about possible events in, 23
- Nuclear weapons use in, 23
- Progress of negotiations on, 34, 35, 50, 71
- Prospects for settlement in, 46, 84
- Soviet diplomacy in, 30
- U.S. foreign assistance program, 33
- U.S. objectives in, 22
- U.S. role in, 17, 41, 44, 53, 60, 84
- U.S.-Soviet talks on, 36, 48
- Miki Takeo, 60
- Military assistance policies, 52
- Missiles:
- Mitchell, John N., 40
- Mondale, Walter, 26, 59
- Monetary reform, 5, 8, 27, 28, 32, 80
- Montgomery Ward’s, 84
- Moore, George C., 4
- Moorer, Adm. Thomas H., 25, 29, 30
- Morality in foreign policy (see also Foreign policy, U.S.; Pragmatism in foreign policy):
- Morgan, Dan, 30
- Morton, Rogers C.B., 11, 20, 39, 50
- Moscow Summit (May 1972), 7, 36
- Most Favored Nation (MFN) status (see also Jackson-Vanik Amendment):
- Moynihan, Daniel P., 63
- Mozambique, 77
- Multilateral trade negotiations, 80
- Multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (MIRVs), 36
- Munich Pact (1938), 71
- Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions (MBFR):
-
- Nairobi Conference (Sept. 1973), 20
- Namibia, 77, 84
- Nassau Agreement (1962), 23
- National cohesion, 46
- National Conference of Editorial Writers, 83
- National Council of Churches, 49
- National liberation, 80
- National Security Council:
- National Security Decision Memoranda:
- National security policy, U.S., 8, 9
- National Security Study Memorandum 241, 77
- National Urban League, 77
- National War Labor Board, 84
- Nationalism, 29, 68
- Natural resources, 32
- Navy, U.S., 35
- Navy League of the United States, 57
- Nazism, 59
- Negativism, 48, 60
- Nelson, Vice-Adm. Horatio, 35
- Neocolonialism, 79
- Nessen, Ronald, 50, 69
- Netherlands, 23
- New Dialogue meetings, 63, 82
- New Economic Policy (1971), 5
- New Hampshire Presidential Primary (1976), 69
- New York Times, 30, 46, 49, 69, 83, 84
- New Zealand, 55, 65
- Newsom, David D., 4
- Ngo Dinh Diem, 83
- Nguyen Van Thieu, 25, 57
- Nigeria, 55
- Nitze, Paul H., 26
- Nixon, Julie, 26
- Nixon, Richard M. (see also Watergate
crisis):
- Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War (1973), 14, 23
- Anti-war demonstrations, 12
- Arab oil embargo, 21, 27
- Brezhnev’s relationship with, 22, 29
- Brezhnev’s talks in Moscow with, 35, 36
- Brezhnev’s visit (June 1973), 10, 11, 12, 14, 30, 36
- Bruce’s talks with, 10
- Congressional-White House relations, 1
- Defense budget, 4, 6
- Détente, 25, 31
- Diplomatic secrecy, 12
- Domino theory, 2
- Economic assistance program, U.S., 33, 34
- Economic development, 32
- Energy conservation, 21, 27
- Energy crisis, 27
- European unity, 8
- European-U.S. relations, 2, 25
- First International Economic Report (1973), 5
- Geneva Conference (1973), 25
- Gromyko talks with, 33
- Hussein talks with, 35
- Impeachment of, 25, 30
- Inter-American trade, 28
- Isolationism, 2, 9, 12, 13, 35
- Israel’s influence in U.S. politics, 11
- Jackson-Vanik Amendment, 20
- On Kissinger, 52
- Kissinger appointed as Secretary of State by, 16
- Kissinger’s relationship with, 25, 30, 52
- Kissinger’s U.N. speech (Sept. 1973), 17
- Latin America, 2
- Meetings:
- Memoranda:
- Messages:
- Middle East, 35
- Monetary reform, 5, 27
- NATO, 2
- October 1973 War, 20, 22, 25, 35
- Paris Peace Accords (1973), 1, 26
- Peacekeeping, 33
- People’s Republic of China:
- POW receptions, 12
- Republic of China, 26
- Resignation of, 36, 37, 42, 49
- Rogers resignation, 16
- SALT I treaty, 26
- Schmidt talks with, 36
- Soviet Union:
- Speeches:
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 26
- Taping of conversations of, 42
- Trade Reform Bill (1973), effect on détente of, 31
- Unilateral disarmament, 27
- U.S. alliances, 2
- U.S. foreign policy approach of, 9
- Vietnam War, 3, 6, 54, 66
- Visits:
- War Powers Resolution (1973), 51
- Nixon Doctrine, 9, 35, 54
- Noel, Cleo A., Jr., 4
- Non-aligned nations, 17, 71
- Nonintervention, 28
- Norodom Sihanouk, Prince, 15, 54
- North Atlantic Council (NAC), 22, 24, 36, 60, 80
- North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):
- As essential for global stability, 80
- British-U.S. differences over, 23
- Budget cutting for forces in, 2
- Communist governments in member states of, 71, 73, 83
- Declaration on Atlantic Relations, 36, 80
- Flexible response, 8
- Foreign Ministers meeting (Oslo, May 1976), 80
- Founding of, 4
- Harmel Report (Dec. 1967), 80
- People’s Republic of China’s position, 10, 29
- Portuguese exclusion from, 54
- Spanish membership for, 54
- Strategy for use of nuclear weapons, 8
- Turkish role in, 55
- Twenty-fifth Heads of Government Meeting (Brussels, June 1974), 36
- U.S. commitment to, 56
- U.S. prestige as declining in, 53
- North-South relations, 71, 79, 80, 81, 82
- Novak, Robert, 73
- Nuclear deterrent strategy, 40, 80
- Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT), 54
- Nuclear power, 24, 45, 81
- Nuclear proliferation, 44, 54, 57, 60, 81
- Nuclear test ban, 45
- Nuclear understanding initiative, 3
- Nuclear war:
- Nuclear weapons:
- French development of, 36
- Indian development of, 34
- Israeli development of, 22
- Japanese development of, 13
- Military superiority and, 84
- NATO disagreements on strategy for use of, 8
- Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT), 54
- Peaceful use of, 36
- People’s Republic of China development of, 36
- Possession of forbidden to Germany, 13
- Use in the Middle East of, 23
-
- Oberdorfer, Don, 49, 83
- Ocean exploration and exploitation, 9, 17, 24, 55
- October 1973 War (see also Arab oil embargo; Geneva Conference (1973); Middle East):
- Office of Management and Budget (OMB), 47
- Ogle, George, 49
- Oil:
- O’Neill, Thomas P., 22, 33, 49
- Operation Condor, 82
- Operation Eagle Pull, 55
- Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD):
- Organization of African Unity (OAU), 23, 66, 67
- Organization of American States (OAS):
- Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 21, 27, 52, 60, 81, 84
- Otto, Allan W., 68
- Overcommitment, military, 71
- Overpopulation, 9
- Overseas Press Club, 56
-
- Pacific Doctrine, 65
- Packwood, Robert W., 52
- Pakistan, 17, 52
- Palestine, 22, 36, 52
- Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 53
- Pan Americanism, 18
- Panama Canal treaty negotiations, 28, 60, 63, 75, 82, 84
- Paraguay, 82
- Paris Peace Accords (1973):
- Park Chung Hee, 60
- Parker, Daniel, 33, 39
- Parker, David N., 20
- Passman, Otto E., 33
- Pastore, John O., 36
- Pauly, Lt. Gen. John, 38
- Peace:
- Peaceful change of borders, 83
- Peaceful nuclear explosions (PNE), 36
- Peacekeeping, 17, 33
- Pearl Harbor, 65
- Pedersen, Richard F., 4
- Pentagon Papers, 12, 30
- Perle, Richard, 83
- Permanent interests of the United States, 71
- Peru:
- Peterson, Donald K., 74
- Peterson, Peter G., 53
- Philippines, 13, 54, 56, 65
- Pierpoint, Robert, 24
- Pike Committee, 67
- Pilgrim Society, 23, 24, 27, 46
- Pinochet, Augusto, 49
- Pitt, William, 35
- Poland, 62, 68, 73, 80, 83
- Political parties:
- Baathist (Iraq/Syria), 22
- Christian Democratic Union (CDU) (FRG), 23
- Communist, 71, 73, 83
- Democratic (U.S.), 61, 81
- National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), 64
- National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), 64
- Popular Front for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), 64, 67, 81
- Republican (U.S.), 61, 81
- Socialist Party (SPD) (FRG), 23
- Pollution, 9
- Pompidou, Georges, 11, 23, 30
- Popper, David H., 49
- Population control, 81
- Population growth, 17
- Porter, William J., 4
- Portugal, 53, 54, 60
- Poverty, 32, 44
- Pragmatism in foreign policy (see also Foreign policy, U.S.; Morality in foreign policy):
- Present at the Creation (Acheson), 16, 24
- Presidential transition, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42
- President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB), 15
- Price, Raymond K., Jr., 20
- Prisoners of War (POWs), 1, 6, 12, 29
- Project Independence, 21
- Proletarian internationalism, 80
- Protectionism, 80
- Puerto Rico, 64, 82
- Puerto Rico summit (June 1976), 80
-
- Rabasa Mishkin, Emilio Óscar, 49, 82
- Rabat Arab League summit (1974), 53
- Rabin, Yitzhak, 35, 83
- Racial discrimination, 77
- Radhakrishnan, Sarvapalli, 32
- Radiation, 70
- Rahal, Abdellatif, 32
- Rambouillet economic summit (Nov. 1975), 80, 84
- Rand Corporation, 42
- Raw materials, 32, 51
- Ray, Dixie Lee, 39
- Reader’s Digest, 61
- Reagan, Ronald W., 69, 75
- Reconnaissance missions, 38
- Reformation, 80
- Refugees, 77, 81
- Regionalism, 63
- Reich, Kenneth, 75
- Renaissance, 80
- Renewable energy, 32
- Reston, James, 23, 30, 46, 70, 84
- Rhodes, John J., 33
- Rhodesia, 49, 74, 77, 84
- Ribicoff, Abraham A., 30, 61
- Richardson, Elliot L., 2, 11, 20
- Richardson, John, Jr., 4
- Richardson, William B., 52
- Rio Treaty (1947), 28, 82
- Risner, Col. Robinson, 6
- Robinson, Charles W., 77, 79
- Rockefeller, David, 13, 23, 53
- Rockefeller, Nelson A., 48
- Rodman, Peter W., 25, 61
- Roe, Robert A., 49
- Rogers, William D., 63
- Rogers, William P.:
- Romania, 10, 68, 73
- Roosevelt, Franklin D., 41, 59, 78
- Rosenfeld, Steve, 30
- Rowny, Lt. Gen. Edward, 26
- Rumsfeld, Donald H., 40, 50, 75
- Ruppe, Philip E., 52
- Rush, Kenneth W., 4, 26, 34
- Rusk, Dean, 23, 53
- Ryan, Gen. John D., 26, 29
-
- Sadat, Anwar el-, 22, 33, 34, 35, 49, 53, 60
- St. Clair, James D., 42
- Saudi Arabia, 53
- Saukham Khoy, 55
- Saunders, Harold H., 53
- Sawhill, John C., 39
- Saxbe, William B., 39
- Scali, John A., 20, 50
- Schecter, Jerrold, 42
- Scheel, Walter, 23, 30, 62
- Schlesinger, James R.:
- Détente, 75
- Foreign policy issues for 1975, 50
- Kissinger’s relationship with, 30
- Kissinger’s trip to Moscow (Mar. 1974), 29
- Meetings:
- NSC system, 39
- Overseas Press Club speech, 56
- People’s Republic of China visit by, 83
- Presidential transition, 38, 40
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 29
- U.S. military aid to Israel, 40
- Vietnam War, 56
- Schmidt, Helmut:
- Schneebeli, Herman, 52
- Schubert, Richard, 20
- Schweiker, Richard F., 52
- Science, 17, 28, 32
- Scott, Hugh D., Jr., 4, 22, 35
- Scott, Stanley, 20
- Scowcroft, Maj. Gen. Brent A., 60
- Council of the Americas meeting, 13
- Election campaign (1976), 75, 83
- Foreign policy issues for 1975, 50
- Kissinger’s trip to Moscow (Mar. 1974), 29
- Meetings:
- Memorandum to Nixon, 2
- Nixon’s relationship with Kissinger, 25
- NSC meetings, 26, 40
- Presidential transition, 40
- Rockefeller nomination, 48
- Schlesinger’s Overseas Press Club speech as critiqued by, 56
- Soviet use of radiation at U.S. Embassy Moscow, 70
- U.S. alliances, 2
- Scranton, William W., 53
- Secrecy, 12, 81, 83
- Security, 59, 80
- Seevers, Gary, 20
- Seidman, L. William, 39, 50
- Selective Service System (SSS), 12
- Self-determination, 62
- Senate, U.S.:
- Senegal, 77
- Shanghai Communiqué, 3, 17, 41, 55, 65, 72, 83, 84
- Shriver, Garner E., 33
- Shultz, George P., 20, 27, 53
- Shuttle diplomacy, 84
- Sidey, Hugh, 42
- Sihanouk, Prince Norodom, 15, 54
- Silberman, Lawrence H., 50
- Simon, William E., 11, 27, 39, 50
- Simons, Howard, 30
- Sinai Peninsula, 19, 22, 53
- Sinai II, 63
- Singapore, 54, 55, 65
- Single Integrated Operation Plan (or Procedure) (SIOP), 38
- Sino-Soviet dispute (see also China, People’s Republic of; Soviet Union):
- Sisco, Joseph J., 4, 38, 52, 53
- Smith, Hedrick, 84
- Smith, Ian D., 74, 84
- Smith, Jane Farwell, 76
- Smith, Mary Louise, 50
- Social justice, 81
- Social organization, 57
- Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 35, 61
- Somalia, 49
- Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, 68
- Sonnenfeldt Doctrine, 68, 73, 83
- “The Sources of Soviet Conduct” (Kennan), 56
- South Africa, Republic of, 67, 77
- South West Africa (Namibia), 77
- South Yemen, 22
- Southeast Asia, 54
- Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 54
- Southern Africa, 74, 77, 81
- Sovereignty, 28
- Soviet Union (see also Sino-Soviet
dispute):
- Angolan role of, 64, 66, 67, 72
- Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, 59, 61, 62
- Arab-Israeli dispute, 22
- Arab oil embargo, 30
- As U.S. election issue, 75, 81
- Attack on People’s Republic of China by, possible, 15
- Communist Party Congress (25th, 1976), 73
- CSCE, 36
- Cuba, 29
- Détente, 20, 64, 68
- Egypt, relations with, 22, 33
- European trade with, 36, 55, 84
- Geneva Conference (1973), 36
- Human rights issues, 83
- India seen as satellite of, 3, 10
- Iran as threatened by, 83
- Jackson as seen by, 48
- Japanese axis with, possible, 54
- Japanese trade with, 36, 55, 84
- Jewish emigration from, 20, 30, 31, 36, 49, 52, 55, 61, 66, 81, 83
- Latin America, relations with, 82
- Middle East diplomacy of, 30
- Military strength of, 68, 80
- Minority group nationalism in, 68
- Most-favored nation status for, 11
- Nuclear understanding initiative of, 3
- October 1973 War, 20, 22, 31
- People’s Republic of China alliance with, possible, 26
- People’s Republic of China-U.S. relations, 3, 72
- Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin (1972), 7
- Southern African role of, 74
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 48
- Succession issues, 10
- United States, relations with:
- Chill in, 30
- CIA paper on, 38
- Cuba as issue in, 29
- During the early Cold War era, 9
- Energy conservation and development exchange, 36
- Establishment of, 59
- Ford’s re-affirmation of, 41
- Hughes Glomar Explorer mission, 40
- Humphrey-Scott delegation to Moscow, 61
- Idealism and pragmatism in, 35
- Incidents at Sea Agreement (1972), 35
- Jackson-Vanik Amendment’s effect on, 19, 20, 50
- Linkage concept, 20, 84
- Moscow Summit (May 1972), 7, 36
- Nixon’s approach to, 2, 9
- People’s Republic of China-U.S. relations as affected by, 3, 72
- Solzhenitsyn’s deportation’s effect on, 35
- Soviet use of radiation at U.S. Embassy Moscow, 70
- Trade, 36
- Trade Agreement (1972), 55
- U.S. leverage in, 52
- U.S. perspectives on, 17
- U.S. principles for, 59, 71
- Vladivostok Agreement (Nov. 1974), 48, 50, 51, 55, 57, 61, 62, 76
- World War II era in, 49
- U.S. policy toward, 68, 72, 73
- U.S. wheat sales to, 20, 29, 30, 36, 46, 67, 68, 72, 83
- Vietnam War role of, 29, 36
- Weapons sales to Peru, 49, 52, 82
- Soybeans, 34
- Space exploration, 9
- Spain, 36, 54
- Spanish-American War, 56, 59
- Sparkman, John J., 33
- Special Actions Group, 38
- Special Commission for Latin American Coordination (CECLA), 18
- Spivak, Lawrence, 64
- Springsteen, George S., Jr., 23
- Stalin, Josif, 26
- Steelman, Alan W., 52
- Stein, Herbert, 39
- Stennis, John C., 33
- Stevenson, Adlai E., 71
- Stockpiling of food, 34, 60, 79
- Stoessel, Walter J., Jr., 4, 23, 61
- Strategic Air Command (SAC), 38
- Strategic Arms Limitation Talks:
- ABMs, 36, 69
- Agreement on principles for SALT II negotiations, 1
- As U.S. election issue, 81
- European position, 23
- Failure to complete, 84
- Jackson-Vanik Amendment, effect on, 30
- Likelihood of, 54, 60
- MIRVs, 36
- Necessity of, 67, 80
- Need for breakthrough on, 25
- Negotiation for, 71
- NSC discussion of, 26
- Phases of, 30
- Reagan’s view of, 69
- Resumption of, 29, 36
- SALT I agreement, 12, 13, 25, 26, 35, 84
- Soviet desire for, 48
- U.S.-European consultation on, 24
- U.S. objectives for, 42, 45, 72
- Strategic balance, 8, 9
- Strategic superiority, 42
- Sudan, 4, 30
- Suez Canal, 29, 33
- Suharto, 2
- Sukhodrev, Viktor M., 61
- Supreme Court, U.S., 42
- Syria:
- Systema Economico Latinoamericano (SELA), 82
-
- Taiwan. See China, Republic of.
- Tanaka Kakuei, 2, 23
- Tanzania, 10, 77
- Tarr, Curtis W., 4
- Tax cuts, 34
- Technology, 17, 28, 32, 82
- Technology Test Bed (TTB), 36
- Teller, Edward, 15
- Teng Hsiao-ping. See Deng Xiaoping.
- Terrorism, 4, 9, 22, 81
- Texas Presidential Primary (1976), 81
- Thailand, 2, 29, 54, 65
- Third Pacem in Terris Conference, 19, 49
- Thucydides, 71
- Thurmond, J. Strom, 33
- Time, 42, 48
- Timmons, William E., 33, 36
- Tito, Josip Broz, 68, 73
- Tlatelolco Conference (Mar. 1974), 28, 33, 63, 82
- Toth, Robert, 25
- “Town Meetings” on foreign policy issues, 70
- Trade:
- Trade Act (1974), 5, 19, 31, 50, 52, 55, 61
- Trade Reform Bill (1973), 8, 19, 31
- Transportation, 77
- Treasury, U.S. Department of, 47
- Treaty of Constantinople (1888), 33
- Treaty of Moscow (1970), 8
- Trend, Burke, 23
- Trudeau, Pierre Elliott, 2
- Truman, Harry S, 44, 50, 54, 55, 83
- Truman Doctrine, 4
- Tulane University, 57
- Tunisia, 30
- Tunney, John, 64, 66
- Turkey:
- Tyranny of the majority, 44
-
- Underground nuclear test ban treaty, 45
- Unemployment, 32
- Unilateral disarmament, 27, 29, 54
- United Arab Emirates (UAE), 30
- United Kingdom. See Great Britain.
- United Nations (U.N.):
- United Nations Charter, 32, 44, 77
- United Nations Committee on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 77, 78, 80, 81, 82
- United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF), 48
- United Nations General Assembly (UNGA):
- United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 77
- United Nations Security Council (UNSC):
- United Press International (UPI), 83
- Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 77
- University of Wisconsin Institute of World Affairs, 59
- Upper Midwest Council, 59
- Uranium enrichment, 24
- Uruguay, 82
-
- Valenti, Jack, 83
- Vance, Cyrus, 23, 53
- Vanik, Charles, 19, 20, 31
- Vatican City, 83
- Vavilov, Andrei, 61
- Veliotes, Nicholas A., 74
- Venezuela, 55, 63, 82
- Verification Panel, 26, 30
- Vest, George, 30, 70
- Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW), 43
- Vichinskiy, Andrey, 30
- Vietnam, Democratic Republic of:
- Vietnam, Republic of:
- Vietnam peace settlement. See Paris Peace Accords (1973).
- Vietnam War:
- Allied opposition to, 2
- As U.S. election issue, 83
- Bombing of DRV, 6
- British position, 2
- CIA paper on, 38
- DOD perspective on, 56
- Evacuation of U.S. citizens, 57
- French view of, 78
- GFR position, 2
- Lessons of, 71
- Mining of Haiphong Harbor, 6, 20, 48
- Need for peace, 9
- People’s Republic of China role in, 29
- People’s Republic of China-U.S. relations and, 3, 26
- POWs, 1, 6, 12, 29
- Public opinion on ending of, 13
- Reconciliation in the post-war era, 56, 57
- Repatriation of KIA/MIA troops, 65
- Soviet role in, 29
- State-DOD differences in thinking about, 56
- Turkish position, 2, 4
- United States as affected by, 9, 35, 84
- U.S. defeat in, 54, 55, 58, 60
- U.S.–LDC relations as affected by, 84
- U.S. military intervention in Cambodia, 6, 26
- U.S.-Soviet talks on (1972), 36
- Value to U.S. of, 12
- White House-Congress relations over, 66
- Withdrawal of U.S. forces, 6
- Vietnamization, 6
- Virtue in foreign policy. See Morality in foreign policy.
- Vladivostok Agreement (Nov. 1974), 48, 50, 51, 55, 57, 61, 62, 76
-
- Wagner, Jerry, 23
- Waldheim, Kurt, 22, 44
- Wall Street Journal, 69, 81
- Warner, John W., 35
- Warren, Gerald L., 33
- Washington Energy Conference (Feb. 1974), 27, 30, 32, 35
- Washington Post, 30, 31, 49, 75, 83
- Washington Special Actions Group (WSAG), 38
- Washington Star, 70
- Watergate crisis (see also Nixon, Richard M.):
- Wealth redistribution, 81
- Wehner, Herbert, 23
- Weinberger, Caspar W., 20, 50
- West Bank, 53
- Western cohesion, 46
- Western Hemisphere community, 28, 46
- Weyand, Gen. Frederick C., 55
- Wheat, 20, 26, 29, 30, 34, 36, 46, 67, 68, 72, 83
- Whip Inflation Now (WIN) program, 48
- White House Conference on Domestic and Economic Affairs, 55
- Wilson, Harold, 36
- Wilson, Woodrow, 59
- Wiretapping, 16
- Woods, R.E., 58
- World economic order, 78, 84
- World Federalists, 49
- World Food Conference:
- World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 32
- World Population Conference, 28, 32
- World War I, 12, 71, 80, 84
- World War II, 12, 46, 49, 51, 59, 65, 80, 84
- Wright, W. Marshall, 4