Index

References are to document numbers

    • Abrams, Gen. Creighton W., 29
    • Acheson, Dean, 16, 24
    • Africa (see also Angola):
      • As U.S. election issue, 81, 84
      • French aid proposal for, 80
      • Kissinger’s visits to, 77, 78
      • Nixon Doctrine’s effect on, 9
      • Oil embargo, 22, 23
      • Southern, 74, 77, 81
      • Soviet role in, 74
      • Transportation infrastructure development in, 77
      • United States, relations with, 55
      • Unity of, 77
      • U.S. policy toward, 77
      • U.S. support for self-determination in, 67, 74, 77
    • Agency for International Development (AID), 63
    • Agenda for the Americas, 28
    • Agendas for the future, 57, 59
    • Agnew, Spiro T., 11
    • Agreements, international:
      • Antiballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty (1972), 36, 62, 69
      • Egyptian-Israeli Disengagement Agreement (Jan. 1974), 25, 35, 84
      • Egyptian-Israeli Disengagement Agreement (Sept. 1975), 63
      • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 32
      • Helsinki Agreements (1975), 69, 83
      • Jamaica Agreement (Jan. 1976), 80
      • Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 56
      • Munich Pact (1938), 71
      • Nassau Agreement (1962), 23
      • Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT), 54
      • On underground nuclear testing, 45
      • On the Prevention of Nuclear War (1973), 14, 23
      • Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin (1971), 7, 8, 62, 71, 80
      • Rio Treaty (1947), 28, 82
      • SALT I, 12, 13, 25, 26, 35, 84
      • Syrian-Israeli Disengagement Agreement (May 1974), 30, 34, 35
      • Treaty of Constantinople (1888), 33
      • Treaty of Moscow (1970), 8
      • U.S.-Soviet Incidents at Sea Agreement (1972), 35
      • U.S.-Soviet Trade Agreement (1972), 55
      • Vladivostok Agreement (Nov. 1974), 48, 50, 51, 55, 57, 61, 62, 76
    • Agricultural production, 26, 34
    • Agricultural protectionism, 8
    • Agriculture, U.S. Department of, 47
    • Ahern, Paul L., 81
    • Aiken, George D., 33, 36
    • Akalovsky, Alexander, 61
    • Albania, 10
    • Albert, Carl B., 33, 35
    • Aleksandrov-Argentov, Andrei M., 61
    • Algeria, 30, 33, 52
    • Allende Gossens, Salvador, 49
    • Alliances, U.S., 2
    • American community, 28
    • American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association (AHEPA), 81
    • American Legion, 43
    • American Society of Newspaper Editors, 58
    • Amnesty for draft-resisters, 6
    • Andean Pact, 18, 63, 82
    • Andersen, Knud B., 23, 24
    • Anderson, Adm. George, 15
    • Anderson, Jack, 15
    • Anderson, John B., 52
    • Anderson, Robert, 42
    • Angola:
      • As U.S. election issue, 81
      • As U.S. national security issue, 66
      • Cuban military intervention in, 64, 66, 67, 72
      • Implications for future U.S. foreign policy of, 67
      • Soviet role in, 64, 66, 67, 72
      • U.S. ban on covert support in, 64, 66, 67
      • U.S. objectives in, 67, 74
      • U.S. response in, 70, 81
    • Anti-Americanism:
      • In Europe, 29
      • In France, 30
      • In Japan, 29
      • In Latin America, 11, 13
    • Anti-ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty (1972), 36, 62, 69
    • Anti-ballistic missiles (ABMs), 36, 62, 69, 81
    • Anti-war demonstrations, 12
    • Apartheid, 77
    • Apollo-Soyuz Test Project (ASTP), 59, 61, 62
    • Arab-Israeli dispute, 22
    • Arab-Israeli War (1973). See Yom Kippur War (1973).
    • Arab League summit (Rabat, 1974), 53
    • Arab oil embargo (see also Geneva Conference (1973); Middle East; October 1973 War):
      • African position, 22, 23
      • Congressional response to, 55
      • Energy conservation as affected by, 21, 23, 27
      • European/Japanese approach to, 22, 23
      • Israeli-U.S. relations and, 40
      • Lifting of, 25, 33
      • Saudi role in, 40, 52
      • Soviet position, 30
      • U.S. response to, 21
    • Arab states, 30
    • Arafat, Yassir, 30
    • Arends, Leslie, 33
    • Argentina, 30, 82
    • Armacost, Michael, 58
    • Arms control, 57, 59, 80
    • Arms race, 46
    • Arms sales, 49, 52, 81, 82, 83
    • Armstrong, Anne L., 11, 20, 33
    • Armstrong, Willis C., 4
    • Ash, Roy L., 20, 39, 50
    • Asia, 9, 65
    • Assad, Hafez, 33, 35, 52, 53
    • Assassinations, 83
    • Associated Press, 8
    • Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 65
    • Atlantic Declaration (1974), 36, 80
    • Atlantic partnership (see also Cooperation):
      • As U.S. election issue, 81
      • Consultation, 46, 80
      • Détente and, 24, 36
      • East-West relations, 80
      • European unity and strains in, 8, 9
      • Necessity for, 24, 80
    • Australia, 54, 55, 65
    • Autarky, 28
    • Avery, Sewell, 84
    • Azores, 20
    • Azorian project, 40
    • Bahr, Egon, 23
    • Balance of payments, 8, 36
    • Balance of power, 9, 19, 78
    • Ball, George W., 53
    • Bangladesh, 15, 17
    • Bargaining chip diplomacy, 81
    • Baroody, William J., Jr., 20, 50
    • Bartholomew, Reginald, 60, 74
    • Beall, John G., 52
    • Bedouins, 52
    • Beef, 34
    • Belgium, 30
    • Belize, 82
    • Bell, Alphonzo, 52
    • Bellmon, Henry, 52
    • Berger, Marilyn, 30
    • Berger, Warren E., 16
    • Berlin, 17, 20, 29, 35
      • Quadripartite Agreement on, 7, 8, 62, 71, 80
    • Bicentennial celebration, 57, 70, 71, 76
    • Biester, Edward G., Jr., 49, 52
    • Bingham, Jonathan B., 49
    • Birth control, 32
    • Black September, 4
    • Blair, William M., 46
    • B’nai B’rith, 83
    • Boggs, Thomas Hale, 40
    • Bogotá foreign ministers meeting (Nov. 1973), 28
    • Bolivia, 63, 82
    • Border change, 83
    • Borg, Parker W., 49
    • Boston World Affairs Council, 71
    • Botswana, 77
    • Boumediene, Houari, 32, 34
    • Brademas, John, 53
    • Bradlee, Benjamin, 30
    • Brandt, Willy, 23, 30, 36, 46
    • Bray, William G., 33
    • Brazil, 26, 63, 82
    • Bremer, L. Paul, 53
    • Brennan, Peter J., 11, 20, 50
    • Brezhnev, Leonid I.:
      • Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War (1973), 14
      • Détente, 61
      • Ford’s meeting with (Vladivostok, Nov. 1974), 48, 60, 62
      • Ford’s relationship with, 48
      • Helsinki Summit, 61, 62
      • Jackson-Vanik Amendment, 20
      • Nixon’s Moscow talks with, 35, 36
      • Nixon’s relationship with, 22, 29
      • People’s Republic of China military strength, 26
      • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 26
      • Succession issues, 10
      • U.S. Middle East discussions with, 36, 48
      • U.S.-Soviet relations, 50
      • Visits:
        • United States (June 1973), 3, 10, 11, 12, 14, 30, 33, 36
        • United States (1975, proposed), 55, 61
    • Brimelow, Thomas, 23
    • Brinegar, Claude S., 20, 50
    • Brokaw, Thomas, 25, 66
    • Brooke, Edward W., 33
    • Broomfield, William S., 33
    • Brown, Gen. George S., 38, 39, 40
    • Bruce, David K.E.:
      • Appointment as head of USLO in Beijing, 7
      • Backchannel to White House for, 10
      • Consultations with White House, 30
      • Difficulties in foreign policy implementation, 53
      • Nixon’s talks with, 10
    • Buchan, Alistair, 80
    • Buchanan, John Hall, Jr., 49
    • Buchen, Philip W., 50
    • Bulgaria, 23, 68
    • Bundy, McGeorge, 23, 48, 53
    • Burch, Dean, 33
    • Bureau of Inter-American Affairs, 18
    • Burger, Warren E., 37
    • Burke, Edmund, 78
    • Burma, 54
    • Bush, George H.W., 11, 20
    • Business Week, 50, 82
    • Butz, Earl L.:
      • Agricultural production, 26, 34
      • Cabinet meetings, 11, 34, 50
      • Foreign policy issues for 1975, 50
      • International Food Review Group, 47
      • NSC system, 39
      • Resignation of, 83
    • Byrd, Harry F., Jr., 35
    • Byrd Amendment (1971), 49, 77, 81
    • Byrnes, James, 17
    • Cabinet meetings, 11, 20, 34, 40, 50
    • Callaghan, James, 77, 80
    • Calvo, Carlos, 28
    • Calvo doctrine, 28
    • Cambodia:
      • Communist victory in, 55
      • DRV failure to withdraw from, 6, 11
      • Mayaguez incident, 60
      • Negotiated settlement in, 41
      • Paris Peace Accords (1973), 1, 6
      • United States, relations with, 15
      • U.S. evacuation of, 55
      • U.S. military assistance to, 52, 55
      • U.S. military intervention in, 6, 26
      • Vietnamese Democratic Republic hegemony over, 54
    • Campbell, J. Phil, 20
    • Canada, 23, 30, 62
    • Caribbean, 20
    • Caribbean Free Trade Area, 18
    • Carlucci, Frank C., 11
    • Carstens, Karl, 23
    • Carter, Jimmy, 77, 81, 83, 84
    • Case, Clifford P., 51
    • Casey, William J., 4, 20
    • Castro Ruz, Fidel, 60
    • Ceausescu, Nicolae, 62
    • Cederberg, Elford A., 33
    • Center for the Study of Democratic Institutions, 19
    • Central American Common Market, 18
    • Central Intelligence Agency (CIA):
      • Angola, 67
      • Chilean role of, 82
      • Congressional overseeing of, 53, 55, 67
      • Cyprus, 38
      • NSC meetings, 26
      • “Problem Issues on the International Scene” (paper), 38
      • U.S.-Soviet relations, 38
      • Vietnam War, 38
    • Central Treaty Organization (CENTO), 56
    • Chaban-Delmas, Jacques, 23
    • Chancellor, John, 66
    • Chapin, Dwight L., 42
    • Charter of the Economic Rights and Duties of States, 17, 28, 32, 82
    • Chauvinism, 46
    • Chemical warfare, 45
    • Cheney, Richard B., 75
    • Chicago Council of Foreign Relations, 76
    • Chicago Tribune, 69
    • Chile, 49, 63, 81, 82, 83
    • China, People’s Republic of (see also Sino-Soviet dispute):
      • As U.S. election issue, 81, 83
      • Europe, relations with, 3
      • Hegemony as seen by, 4
      • India, relations with, 10
      • Japan, relations with, 3, 10
      • Kissinger’s views on, 3, 15
      • Latin America, relations with, 82
      • Military strength of, 26
      • NATO as seen by, 10, 29
      • Nuclear weapons development, 36
      • Soviet alliance with, possible, 26
      • Soviet attack on, possible, 15
      • Soviet-U.S. relations as affected by, 3, 72
      • Succession issues, 3, 10
      • United States, relations with:
        • Establishment of, 7, 12, 35, 55, 65
        • Ford’s re-affirmation of, 41, 55
        • In the early Cold War era, 9
        • Kissinger’s visits, 3, 84
        • Maintenance of, 50, 60
        • Nixon’s approach to, 2, 9
        • Republic of China’s role in, 25, 50
        • Sino-Soviet dispute and, 3, 10
        • Turkish aid cut-off’s effect on, 52
        • U.S. leverage in, 52
        • U.S. perspectives on, 17
        • Vietnam War, 3, 26
      • U.S. policy toward, 72
      • Vietnam War role of, 29
    • China, Republic of:
      • United States, relations with, 3, 26, 83
      • U.S.–PRC relations, role in, 25, 50, 52, 54, 72
    • Chizuk Amuno Synagogue Distinguished Achievement Award, 78
    • Chou En-lai. See Zhou Enlai.
    • Christian A. Herter Memorial Award, 70
    • Chrome, 49, 77
    • Church Committee, 67
    • Church Report, 83
    • Churchill, Winston L.S., 27
    • Cienfuegos crisis (Aug. 1970), 2, 29, 36
    • Clark, Richard C., 64, 70
    • Clements, William P.:
      • Cabinet meetings, 20
      • Kissinger’s trip to Moscow (Mar. 1974), 29
      • NSC meetings, 26
      • Presidential transition, 38, 40
    • Climate change, 32
    • Cochran, William Thad, 52
    • Code of Conduct for Technology Transfer, 82
    • Coexistence, 17, 19
    • Cohen, William S., 52
    • Colby, William E.:
      • Allende’s overthrow, 49
      • Hughes Glomar Explorer mission, 40
      • Kissinger’s meetings with, 25, 30
      • NSC meetings, 26
      • NSC system, 39
      • Presidential transition, 39, 40
      • Special Actions Group meeting, 38
    • Cold War, 9
    • Cole, Kenneth R., Jr., 20
    • Collective defense, 80
    • Colombia, 63, 82
    • Colorado River salinity dispute, 28
    • Colson, Charles W., 1, 52
    • Committee for a Free China, 26
    • Commodities, 32, 44
    • Common law, English, 80
    • Communications, 32
    • Communism’s weaknesses, 46
    • Community, 17
    • Competition, 23, 25, 45, 46
    • Conable, Barber B., Jr., 52
    • Conference for Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE):
      • Agreement for holding of, 54
      • European position, 23, 36
      • Final Act, 62
      • Ford’s participation in, 60, 62
      • Soviet position, 36
      • U.S. position, 45
    • Conference of Tlatelolco (Mar. 1974), 28, 33, 63, 82
    • Conference on International Economic Cooperation (CIEC), 71, 79, 80, 82
    • Congo, Democratic Republic of, 17
    • Congo, Republic of (Brazzaville), 67
    • Congress, Acts of (see also Jackson-Vanik Amendment):
      • Agricultural Trade Development and Assistance Act (1954), 59
      • Byrd Amendment (1971), 49, 77, 81
      • Case Act (1972), 51
      • Defense Appropriations Act (1976), 64, 66
      • Foreign aid bill (1974–1975), 49
      • Foreign Assistance Act (1961), 28, 52
      • Foreign Assistance Bill 65–34, 4
      • Foreign Military Sales Act, 52
      • Gonzales Amendment (1972), 28
      • Harkin Amendment, 82
      • Hickenlooper Amendment (1961), 28
      • Mansfield-Scott bill, 55
      • Military Procurement Act (1971), 49
      • P.L. 93–448, 52
      • P.L. 95–12, 77
      • Ryan Amendment, 53
      • Tonkin Gulf Resolution (1964), 54
      • Trade Act (1974), 5, 19, 31, 50, 52, 55, 61
      • Trade Reform Bill (1973), 8, 19, 31
      • War Powers Resolution (1973), 51
    • Congress, U.S.:
      • Arab oil embargo, 55
      • CIA oversight by, 53, 55, 67
      • Cyprus action by, 52, 53, 55, 66
      • Defense budget, 2, 26
      • Détente, 52, 70
      • Energy conservation and development, 55
      • Ford’s meetings with leaders of, 22, 33, 57
      • Ford’s relations with, 66
      • Ford’s speeches to joint session, 48, 55, 58
      • Foreign policy role of, 58
      • Generalized System of Preferences (GSP) eligibility, 82
      • Intelligence services as monitored by, 53, 55, 67
      • Inter-American dispute resolution, 28
      • Isolationism in, 13
      • Kissinger’s meetings with leaders of, 22, 33, 49
      • Nixon’s meetings with leaders of, 22, 33, 36
      • Nixon’s messages to, 5, 9
      • Panama Canal Treaty, 75
      • Presidential foreign policy decisions restricted by, 51
      • Rogers’s Annual Reports on U.S. Foreign Policy, 7
      • Southern Africa, 74
      • Wednesday Group, 52
      • White House relations with, 1, 66, 81
    • Connally, John, 40
    • Consensus, 9, 19
    • Consultation, 46
    • Cooperation (see also Atlantic partnership; Détente):
      • As step toward détente, 17
      • Competition and, in détente, 45, 46
      • Economic, 51
      • Era of, 35
      • On food and energy issues, 36, 44
      • UNCTAD IV conference proposals on, 78, 79
      • White House-Congressional, 81
    • Copenhagen summit (Dec. 1973), 29, 30
    • Copper, 77
    • Corn, 34, 46
    • Costa Rica, 82
    • Coughlin, Robert L., 52
    • Council of Economic Advisors (CEA), 47
    • Council of International Economic Policy (CIEP), 5, 47
    • Council of the Americas, 13
    • Couve de Murville, Maurice, 78
    • Covert actions, 53
    • Cranston, Alan, 49
    • Creditor clubs, 79
    • Cromer, Lord, 23
    • Crosland, Anthony, 80
    • Cuba:
      • Angolan intervention by, 64, 66, 67, 72
      • As U.S. election issue, 75, 81
      • Canadian trade with, 30
      • Cienfuegos crisis (Aug. 1970), 2, 29, 36
      • Economic sanctions against, 82
      • Reagan’s charges of U.S. weakness in, 75
      • Southern African role of, 74
      • Soviet-U.S. relations and, 29
      • U.S.-Latin American relations as affected by, 60, 63
      • Weapons training for Peru, 49
    • Cuba, José de, 13
    • Curzon, Lord, 35
    • Cushman, Gen. Robert E., Jr., 29
    • Cyprus:
      • As U.S. election issue, 81
      • CIA paper on, 38
      • Congressional action over, 52, 53, 55, 66
      • Greek-Turkish dispute over, 55
      • Human rights issues, 83
      • Kissinger-Gromyko meeting in, 34
      • Overthrow of Makarios Government, 52
      • Political talks on, 50
      • U.N. role in, 17
      • U.S. role in, 44, 60
    • Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR), 75, 76
    • Davignon, Etienne, 30
    • Davis, Jeanne W., 38
    • Dayan, Moshe, 23, 25
    • DeGaulle, Charles, 19, 23
    • Dean, Robert, 13
    • Declaration on Atlantic Relations (1974), 36, 80
    • Decolonization, 71
    • Defense, U.S. Department of:
      • All-volunteer force, creation of, 12
      • Budget of:
        • As U.S. election issue, 81
        • Congressional cuts in, 2
        • Defense Appropriations Act (1976), 64, 66
        • Exception from cuts in, 34
        • Increases requested in, 26, 76
        • Kissinger’s input on, 4, 25
        • Nixon-State Department meeting on, 4
        • Nixon’s speeches on, 6
      • “Guns vs. butter” issue, 11
      • Selective Service System (SSS), 12
      • Vietnam War, 56
    • Democratic societies, 80
    • Democratic solidarity, 80
    • Deng Xiaoping, 65
    • Dent, Frederick B., 11, 20, 39, 50
    • Denton, Capt. Jeremiah A., Jr., 6
    • DePalma, Samuel, 4
    • Derwinski, Edward J., 73
    • Détente (see also Cooperation):
      • Advantages of, 29, 30
      • Alternative to, 31
      • As U.S. election issue, 69
      • As watered-down, 75
      • Atlantic partnership and, 24, 36
      • Competition and cooperation in, 45, 46
      • Congressional attitude toward, 52, 70
      • Cooperation as a step toward, 17
      • Criticism of, 59, 60, 70, 80
      • For prevention of nuclear war, 22, 31
      • Future process for, 45
      • Helsinki Summit discussion of, 61, 62
      • Increasing Soviet military strength and, 68
      • Jackson-Vanik Amendment’s effect on, 19
      • MFN status’ effect on, 19, 29, 60
      • Nixon-Kissinger talks on, 25
      • In the post-Vietnam War era, 58
      • Reagan’s view of, 69
      • Solzhenitsyn’s deportation’s effect on, 35
      • Soviet role in Angola and, 64
      • Soviet view of, 20
      • Trade Reform Bill’s effect on, 19, 31
      • U.S. view of, 9, 13, 22, 64
    • Developing nations, 51
    • Diego Garcia, 54
    • Dillon, C. Douglas, 23, 53
    • Dinitz, Simcha, 33
    • Diplomatic secrecy, 12, 81, 83
    • Disarmament, 12, 81
    • Dispute resolution, 28
    • Dobrynin, Anatoly F.:
      • Absence from Washington of, 30
      • Détente, 20
      • Jackson-Vanik Amendment, 19
      • Kudirka incident, 49
      • Middle East, 48
      • Presidential transition, 42
      • Rockefeller nomination, 48
    • Dominican Republic, 82
    • Domino theory, 2
    • Donaldson, William H., 23
    • Donelan, Joseph F., Jr., 4
    • Donovan, Hedley, 42
    • Douglas-Home, Alec, 23
    • Draft evaders, 43
    • Drug culture, 46
    • Drug trafficking, 9
    • Duckett, Carl, 26
    • Dunlop, John T., 20
    • Durant, Will, 66
    • Dymshits, Veniamin, 61
    • Eagleburger, Lawrence S., 53, 58, 75
      • Congressional Wednesday Group meeting, 52
      • Ford-Carter foreign policy debate, 83
      • Foreign policy issues for election year, 81
      • Kissinger’s status in Washington, 70
    • East-West Center, Honolulu, 65
    • East-West relations, 80
    • East-West trade, 19, 36, 55, 80, 84
    • Eastern Europe, 68, 73, 75, 80, 83, 84
    • Echeverría, Luis, 13, 17, 28, 32, 82
    • Economic assistance program, U.S., 33, 34
    • Economic Club of Detroit, 64
    • Economic coercion, 28
    • Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA), 82
    • Economic development, 17, 32, 51, 60, 80, 81
    • Economic Policy Board, 47
    • Economic renewal, 51
    • Economic sanctions, 81, 82
    • Ecuador, 55, 63, 82
    • Egypt:
      • Disengagement agreement with Israel (Jan. 1974), 25, 35, 84
      • Disengagement agreement with Israel (Sept. 1975), 63
      • Israel, relations with, 25, 35, 52, 53, 55, 84
      • October 1973 War, 19, 22, 25
      • Soviet Union, relations with, 22, 33
      • Syria, relations with, 52
      • U.S. economic assistance to, 33
      • U.S. military assistance to, 40
      • U.S. talks with, 48
    • Ehrlichman, John D., 8, 30, 42
    • Eid, Guy, 4
    • Einaudi, Luigi, 82
    • Eisenhower, Dwight D., 12, 45, 76, 80, 83
    • Elections:
      • Israel (1973), 22, 25
      • United States (1976):
        • DOD budget as issue in, 81
        • Ford-Carter foreign policy debate, 83
        • Foreign policy issues during, 69, 71, 75, 81, 83, 84
        • New Hampshire Presidential Primary, 69
        • Texas Presidential Primary, 81
    • Eliot, Theodore L., Jr., 4
    • Elizabeth II, Queen, 81
    • Ellsberg, Daniel, 30
    • Ellsworth, Robert F., 38, 40, 81
    • Energy Action Group, 24, 27
    • Energy conservation and development:
      • Arab oil embargo’s effect on, 21, 23, 27
      • Congressional action on, 55
      • Need for, 32, 60, 80, 84
      • Renewable, 32
      • U.S.-Soviet exchange on, 36
      • WIN program, 48
    • Energy cooperation, 36, 44
    • Energy crisis, 24, 27, 44, 46, 84
    • Energy policy, U.S., 52
    • Energy prices, 38
    • Enhance Plus, 3
    • Entebbe raid (July 1976), 81
    • Environmental issues:
      • Climate change, 32
      • Pollution, 9
      • Population growth, 17
      • Quality of life, 17
    • Environmental warfare, 36, 45
    • Esch, Marvin L., 52
    • Ethiopia, 49
    • Europe:
      • Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War (1973), 23
      • Anti-Americanism in, 29
      • Arab oil embargo, 22, 23
      • Communist role in governments of, possible, 71, 73, 83
      • CSCE, 23, 36
      • Energy cooperation, 36
      • Fears of possible Middle East events, 23
      • Force reductions in, 12
      • Identity of, 24, 46
      • Isolationism in, 2
      • Kissinger’s speech on the Year of, 8, 23, 24, 30, 36, 46
      • Kissinger’s view of, 30
      • MBFR talks, 23, 24, 36
      • Nixon Doctrine’s effect on, 9
      • People’s Republic of China, relations with, 3
      • Soviet trade with, 36, 55, 84
      • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 23, 24
      • United States, relations with, 2, 23, 24, 25, 29, 42, 46, 58, 80
      • U.S. defense of, 8
      • U.S. desire for hegemony as charged by, 15, 23, 36
      • U.S. leadership as seen in, 53
      • Vietnam War as opposed in, 2
    • European Community (EC):
      • Arab-Israeli dispute, 22
      • Arab relations with, 30
      • British membership in, 54
      • Canada, relations with, 23
      • Changes in U.S. perspectives on, 80
      • Competition with United States for Japan, 23, 25
      • Copenhagen summit (Dec. 1973), 29, 30
      • Energy crisis, 24
      • French leadership of, 25
      • Grain stockpiling, 60
      • Japan, relations with, 23
      • Latin America, relations with, 82
      • Nature of European identity as discussed within, 24
      • Technical assistance to Arab States, 30
      • U.S. friction with, 8, 15, 25, 36, 50
    • European Security Conference, 2, 8, 80
    • European unity:
      • Strains in the Atlantic partnership and, 8, 9
      • U.S. support for, 24, 80
    • Evans, Rowland, 73
    • Everett McKinley Dirksen Forum, 69
    • Executive Club of Chicago, 31
    • Export-Import Bank, 50, 51
    • Expropriation of U.S. property, 28, 82
    • Fahmy, Ismail, 38
    • Faisal bin Abdul-Aziz Al Saud, 22, 23, 34, 35, 52
    • Famine, 32
    • Farrell, Robert E., 50
    • Fielding, Lewis, 30
    • Finland, 61, 62, 80
    • First International Economic Report (1973), 5
    • Fisher, Dean, 25
    • Flanigan, Peter M., 20, 33
    • Flexible response, 8
    • Foisie, Philip, 30
    • Food cooperation, 36, 44
    • Food for Peace program, 59
    • Food production in LDCs, 60
    • Food scarcity, 17, 44, 46, 47
    • Food security, 26, 32, 34, 79
    • Food stockpiling, 34, 60, 79
    • Force reduction talks. See Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions (MBFR).
    • Ford, Gerald R.:
      • Angola, 66
      • Arab-Israeli dispute, 22
      • Brezhnev’s relationship with, 48
      • Cambodia, 55
      • Congressional relations with, 66
      • Cooperation, 51
      • CSCE participation by, 60, 62
      • Cyprus, 44
      • Debate with Carter, 83
      • Détente, 61, 62, 64
      • DOD budget increase requested by, 76
      • Draft evaders, 43
      • Eastern Europe seen as free from domination by, 83
      • Economic development, 51
      • Election campaign (1976), 69, 75, 76, 81, 83
      • Energy conservation and development, 55
      • Food scarcity, 44, 47
      • Foreign policy assessment of first year in office of, 60
      • Foreign policy issues for 1975, 50
      • Geneva Conference (1973), 48
      • Inauguration of, 37
      • Jackson-Vanik Amendment, 20, 51
      • Japan, 55
      • Legislative restrictions on Presidential foreign policy decisions, 51
      • Meetings:
        • With Brezhnev in Vladivostok, 48, 60, 62
        • Brokaw interview (Jan. 1976), 66
        • Cabinet, 40, 50
        • Helsinki Summit, 61, 62
        • NSC, 26, 40
        • With Park Chung Hee (Nov. 1974), 60
        • With Republican Congressional leadership, 57
        • With bipartisan Congressional leadership, 22, 33
        • With Kissinger, 48
        • With Kissinger and Scowcroft, 83
        • With Mao Zedong, 65
        • With Schmidt, 62
      • Memoranda:
        • To Armed Forces members, 38
        • From Kissinger, 53
      • Messages to heads of government, 38
      • Middle East, 41, 44
      • News conferences, 51, 64
      • Pacific Doctrine, 65
      • Paris Peace Accords (1973), 40, 41
      • Peace through strength, 43
      • People’s Republic of China-U.S. relations, 41, 55
      • Presidential transition, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42
      • Reagan’s charges answered by, 69
      • Reconciliation in the post-Vietnam War era, 57
      • Rhodesia, 77
      • Rockefeller nomination, 48
      • Southern Africa, 77
      • Soviet-U.S. relations, 41
      • Soviet use of radiation at U.S. Embassy Moscow, 70
      • Speeches:
        • Chicago Council of Foreign Relations (Mar. 1976), 76
        • Congressional Joint Session (Oct. 1974), 48
        • Congressional Joint Session (Apr. 1975), 48, 55, 58
        • CSCE (Aug. 1975), 62
        • DAR (Apr. 1976), 75, 76
        • East-West Center, Honolulu (Dec. 1975), 65
        • Everett McKinley Dirksen Forum (Mar. 1975), 69
        • Inauguration (1974), 37
        • Meet the Press interview, 64
        • Navy League of the United States (Apr. 1975), 57
        • North Atlantic Council (May 1975), 60
        • State of the Union (Jan. 1974), 55
        • Tulane University (Apr. 1975), 57
        • UNGA (Sept. 1974), 44
        • In the U.S. House of Representatives, 41, 51
        • Veterans of Foreign Wars (Aug. 1974), 43
        • White House Conference on Domestic and Economic Affairs, 55
      • Trade Act (1974), 31
      • U.S. military aid to Israel, 40
      • U.S. military assistance policy, 52
      • U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union, 72
      • Vietnam Republic aid request, 55
      • Visits:
        • California (Apr. 1975), 54
        • Federal Republic of Germany (July 1975), 62
        • Helsinki (July–Aug. 1975), 61, 62
        • Japan & Korea (Nov. 1974), 48, 51, 55, 60, 65
        • People’s Republic of China, Philippines, Indonesia (Dec. 1975), 65
        • People’s Republic of China (1972), 41
        • People’s Republic of China (Dec. 1975), 55, 60
        • Poland (July 1975), 62, 80, 83
        • Romania (Aug. 1975), 80, 83
        • Vladivostok (Nov. 1974), 48, 55, 60, 62
        • Yugoslavia (Aug. 1975), 80, 83
      • Whip Inflation Now (WIN) program, 48
    • Foreign Affairs (magazine), 23
    • Foreign policy, U.S. (see also Morality in foreign policy; Pragmatism in foreign policy):
      • As U.S. election issue, 69, 71, 75, 81, 83, 84
      • Assessment of Ford’s first year in office, 60
      • Congressional role in, 58
      • Difficulties in implementation of, 53
      • Elements of, 78
      • Issues for 1975, 50
      • Nixon’s annual reports on, 9
      • Paris Peace Accords as major achievement in, 7, 26
      • Role in Latin America of, 82
      • Watergate’s effect on, 15, 38, 46
    • Fortune, 48
    • 40 Committee, 38, 53
    • France:
      • African aid proposal of, 80
      • Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War (1973), 23
      • Anti-Americanism in, 30
      • Arab-Israeli dispute, 22
      • EC leadership role of, 25
      • Foreign policy of, 29
      • Gaullism, 19, 49
      • Iraq, relations with, 23
      • Military forces, growth in, 36
      • North-South relations, 79
      • Nuclear weapons development, 36
      • Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin (1972), 7
      • United States, relations with, 23, 30, 46
      • U.S.-European relations, 23
      • Vietnam War, 78
      • Watergate crisis, 78
      • Weapons sales to Saudi Arabia, 52
    • France, Boyd, 50
    • Frank, Charles, 82
    • Frankel, Max, 83
    • Fraser, Donald M., 49, 59
    • Free trade, 32
    • Frelinghuysen, Peter H.B., 33
    • Frenzel, William E., 52
    • Friedersdorf, Max L., 33, 50
    • Fulbright, J. William, 16, 22
    • Gammon, Samuel R., 38
    • Gart, Murray, 42
    • Gaullism, 19, 49
    • General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), 32
    • Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), 82
    • Geneva Conference (1973) (see also Arab oil embargo; Middle East; Yom Kippur War (1973)):
      • Convening of, 22
      • Ford-Kissinger talks on, 48
      • Nixon-Kissinger talks on, 25
      • Palestinian role in, 36
      • Soviet policy toward, 36
    • Gergen, David R., 20
    • German unification, 29
    • Germany, Democratic Republic of, 7, 13, 62
    • Germany, Federal Republic of:
      • Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War (1973), 23
      • Ford’s visit to, 62
      • GDR agreement with, 62
      • Military forces, growth in, 36
      • North-South relations, 79
      • Nuclear weapons as forbidden to, 13
      • Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin (1972), 7, 62
      • Solzhenitsyn’s exile to, 35
      • United States, relations with, 30
      • U.S. as seen in, 46
      • Vietnam War, 2
    • Geyelin, Philip, 30
    • Gibbons, Sam M., 49
    • Gierek, Edward, 62
    • Gilliam, Jerry, 75
    • Giscard d’Estaing, Valéry, 36, 80, 83
    • Gladstone, William, 78
    • Golan Heights, 19, 30
    • Gold standard, 5
    • Goldman, Patricia, 52
    • Gompert, David C., 52, 58
    • Gonzales Amendment (1972), 28
    • Goodpaster, Gen. Andrew J., 2
    • Grain stockpiling, 34, 60, 79
    • Graubard, Stephen, 70
    • Graybeal, Sidney, 26
    • Great Britain:
      • Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War (1973), 23
      • Arab-Israeli dispute, 22
      • Common law, 80
      • EC membership for, 54
      • MBFR, 23
      • North-South relations, 79
      • Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin (1972), 7
      • United States, relations with, 23, 24, 30
      • U.S. differences over NATO with, 23
      • Vietnam war, 2
      • Weapons sales to Saudi Arabia, 52
    • Grechko, Andrei, 36
    • Greece:
      • Cyprus dispute, 55
      • MBFR talks, 23
      • Turkey, relations with, 4, 81
      • United States, relations with, 60
    • Green, Marshall, 4
    • Green Revolution, 32
    • Greenfield, Meg, 30
    • Greenspan, Alan, 50
    • Gridiron Club, 83
    • Griffin, Robert P., 33
    • Gromyko, Andrei A.:
      • As Middle East hard-liner, 48
      • Helsinki Summit, 61
      • Jackson-Vanik Amendment, 19
      • Kissinger’s meetings with, 34
      • Middle East diplomacy of, 30
      • Nixon’s talks with, 33
    • Grunwald, Henry, 42
    • Guatemala, 82
    • “Guns vs. butter” issue, 11
    • Gwertzman, Bernard, 61, 84
    • Habib, Philip C., 49, 54
    • Haig, Brig. Gen. Alexander M., Jr., 20, 25, 33, 40
    • Haldeman, H.R., 1, 8, 42
    • Hall, William, 4
    • Hammer, Armand, 36
    • Hardin, Clifford M., 26
    • Harkin Amendment, 82
    • Harlow, Bryce N., 20, 26
    • Harmel, Pierre, 80
    • Harmel Report (Dec. 1967), 80
    • Harriman, W. Averell, 53
    • Harrington, Michael J., 49
    • Hartmann, Robert T., 20, 40, 50, 75
    • Harwood, Richard, 30
    • Hatfield, Mark O., 52
    • Hawaii, 65
    • Heath, Edward, 23, 30
    • Hegemony:
      • Chinese view of, 4
      • Communist, 46
      • European charges of U.S. desire for, 15, 23, 36
      • By the United States in Latin America, 18
      • U.S. view of, 65, 72
      • Vietnamese, 54
    • Helsinki Agreements (1975), 69, 83
    • Helsinki Summit (1975), 61, 62
    • Hersh, Seymour, 49
    • Herter, Christian A., 70
    • Hickenlooper Amendment (1961), 28
    • Hirohito, Emperor, 60, 65
    • Ho Chi Minh, 54
    • Holdridge, John H., 7
    • Holton, A. Linwood, 33, 49
    • Horton, Frank J., 52
    • House of Representatives, U.S.:
      • Appropriations Committee, 40, 76
      • Ford’s speeches before, 41, 51
      • Future Foreign Policy Research and Development Subcommittee (International Relations Committee), 72
      • Nixon impeachment, 25
      • Paris Peace Accords (1973), relations with White House regarding, 1
      • Pike Committee, 67
      • Ways and Means Committee, 19
    • Howe, Jonathan, 13
    • Huang Zhen, 29
    • Hughes Glomar Explorer mission, 40
    • Human Rights, 49, 59, 60, 77, 81, 82, 83
    • Humanism, 80
    • Humphrey, Hubert H., Jr., 25, 34, 59, 75
    • Humphrey-Scott delegation to Moscow, 61
    • Hungary, 23, 68, 73
    • Hunger, 32, 34, 51, 62, 81
    • Hunt, Terence, 70
    • Hussein I, ibn Talal, King of Jordan, 30, 34, 35, 38, 53
    • Hyland, William G., 26, 54, 61
    • Idealism, 35, 46
    • Ikle, Frederick C., 26, 39
    • Impeachment, 25, 30
    • Incidents at Sea Agreement (1972), 35
    • Independence, 79
    • India:
      • As nuclear power, 34
      • Bangladesh, relations with, 17
      • NPT, 54
      • Pakistan, relations with, 17
      • People’s Republic of China, relations with, 10
      • Seen as Soviet satellite, 3, 10
      • U.S. economic assistance to, 33
    • Indian Ocean, 22, 54
    • Indian subcontinent, 17
    • Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, 15, 42
    • Indonesia:
      • U.N. role in, 17
      • United States, relations with, 2, 55, 65
      • Vietnam defeat, effect on, 54, 55
    • Inflation, 20, 32, 48
    • Ingersoll, Robert S., 38, 40, 49, 52
    • Inouye, Daniel K., 33
    • Intellectuals, 46
    • Intelligence, 53, 55, 67, 83
    • Inter-American Development Bank (IDB), 82
    • Inter-American dispute resolution, 28
    • Inter-American trade, 28, 82
    • Inter-American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance (Rio Treaty) (1947), 28, 82
    • Interdependence:
      • As benefit for everyone, 46
      • As real U.S. belief, 46
      • Challenges of, 32
      • Peace and, 28, 32
      • Social organization as needed for, 57
      • U.S. support for, 41, 58
    • International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), 32
      • Expropriation of U.S. property, 28
      • LDC dependence on, 79
      • Nairobi Conference (Sept. 1973), 20
      • Nixon speech (1972), 8
      • Transportation in Southern Africa, 77
      • U.S. interests and, 34
    • International Council of Scientific Unions, 32
    • International Court of Justice, 77
    • International Development Association (IDA), 32
    • International Energy Agency, 55, 60, 84
    • International Food Review Group, 47
    • International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), 79
    • International Institute for Strategic Studies, 80
    • International Law of Europe and America in Theory and Practice (Calvo), 28
    • International Monetary Fund (IMF), 32
      • Expropriation of U.S. property, 28
      • LDC dependence on, 79
      • Nairobi Conference (Sept. 1973), 20
      • Nixon speech (1972), 8
    • International Resources Bank (IRB), 79
    • International trade, 5
    • Iran, 52, 81, 83
    • Iraq, 22, 23, 83
    • Iron, 82
    • Isolationism:
      • Historical, 59
      • In Congress, 13
      • In Europe, 2
      • Kissinger on, 16
      • Nixon on, 2, 9, 12, 13, 35
    • Israel:
      • Arab demands on, 22
      • Arab oil embargo and U.S. relations with, 40
      • Disengagement agreements:
        • With Egypt (Jan. 1974), 25, 35, 84
        • With Egypt (Sept. 1975), 63
        • With Syria (May 1974), 30, 34, 35
      • Egypt, relations with, 25, 35, 52, 53, 55, 84
      • Elections (1973), 22, 25
      • Entebbe raid (July 1976), 81
      • Influence in U.S. politics of, 11
      • Jordan, relations with, 53
      • Military strength of, 15
      • Morality as basis for U.S. relations with, 78
      • Nuclear weapons development, 22
      • October 1973 War, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 31, 35
      • Physical security vs. legitimacy of, 84
      • Syria, relations with, 30, 34, 35
      • United States, relations with, 40
      • U.S. economic and military assistance to, 20, 22, 33, 40, 78, 83
      • U.S. resolve and security of, 78
      • Withdrawal from occupied territories by, 23, 25, 33
    • Italy:
      • MBFR talks, 23
      • Political situation, 36
      • Renaissance in, 80
      • Unification of, 29
    • Jackson, Henry M., 31, 42
      • As hawk, 26
      • Carter differences with, 81
      • Détente, 61
      • Jackson-Vanik Amendment introduced by, 19, 23
      • MFN possible compromise on, 30
      • Soviet view of, 48
    • Jackson-Vanik Amendment (see also Most Favored Nation (MFN) status):
      • Approval of, 31
      • As tradeoff for trade bill, 52
      • Détente as affected by, 19
      • As harmful to Presidential authority, 51, 53
      • Introduction of, 19, 23
      • Negative effects of, 55, 66, 68
      • SALT talks as affected by, 30
      • Soviet view of, 19, 20, 50
    • Jamaica Agreement (Jan. 1976), 80
    • Janney, Stuart S., 81
    • Japan:
      • Anti-Americanism in, 29
      • Arab-Israeli dispute, 22
      • Arab oil embargo, 22, 23
      • As non-military power, 12
      • European Union, relations with, 23
      • International importance of, 8
      • Latin America, relations with, 82
      • Nationalism in, 29
      • North-South relations, 79
      • NPT, 54
      • Nuclear weapons development, 13
      • People’s Republic of China, relations with, 3, 10
      • as seen by Kissinger, 15, 48
      • Self-reliance in, 80
      • Soviet axis with, possible, 54
      • Soviet trade with, 36, 55, 84
      • United States, relations with:
        • Ford’s visit (Nov. 1974), 48, 51, 55, 60, 65
        • Improvement in, 42, 58, 60, 65
        • In the early Cold War era, 9
        • Security issues, 2
        • Trade talks, 8
      • U.S.-European competition for, 23, 25
      • U.S. security guarantee for, 13, 55, 56
    • Japan Society, 60
    • Javits, Jacob, 61
    • Jaworski, Leon, 42
    • Jenkins, Albert LeS., 7
    • Jerusalem, 22
    • Jewish emigration from the Soviet Union, 20, 30, 31, 36, 49, 52, 55, 61, 66, 81, 83
    • Jews, American, 22, 23, 33, 66
    • Jiang Qing, 3
    • Jobert, Michel, 23, 30
    • John XXIII, Pope, 19
    • Johnson, James P., 52
    • Johnson, Lyndon B., 12, 49, 54, 66
    • Johnson, U. Alexis, 4, 26
    • Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS):
      • Kissinger’s trip to Moscow (Mar. 1974), 29
      • Nixon’s meetings with, 2, 25, 38
    • Jordan:
      • Crisis of 1970, 2, 15, 20, 29
      • Israel, relations with, 53
      • Kissinger-Hussein talks, 34, 35
      • U.S. economic assistance to, 33
    • Jorden, William J., 13
    • Judd, Walter, 26
    • Kadar, Janos, 68
    • Kalb, Bernard, 25
    • Kant, Emmanuel, 17
    • Katzir, Ephraim, 35
    • Kaul, T.N., 52
    • Kaunda, Kenneth, 77, 84
    • Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928), 56
    • Kennan, George F., 56
    • Kennedy, Edward M., 25
    • Kennedy, John F., 12, 83
      • Assassination of, 49
      • Cooperation, 45
      • Last speech of, 78
      • Peace as necessity, 59
      • Soviet-U.S. relations, 48
      • Vietnam War, 54
    • Kennedy, Col. Richard T., 38, 40
    • Kennedy, Robert F., 49
    • Kenya, 77, 83
    • Kiep, Walther L., 23
    • Kissinger, Henry A., 68
      • Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War (1973), 14, 23
      • Angola, 64, 67
      • Anti-Americanism, 13, 29
      • Appointment as Secretary of State of, 16
      • Arab oil embargo, 22, 25, 27, 33
      • Arms race, 46
      • As historian, 46
      • As lame duck, 70
      • Birth control, 32
      • Brezhnev visit (June 1973), 3, 14
      • British-U.S. relations, 24
      • Carter’s relationship with, 83
      • Colson’s view of, 52
      • Communism’s weaknesses, 46
      • Congressional-White House relations, 1
      • CSCE, 62
      • Cyprus, 34, 44, 50, 81
      • Defense budget, 4, 25
      • Détente, 22, 25, 29, 30, 31, 58, 64, 70, 80
      • Difficulties in foreign policy implementation, 53
      • Economic assistance program, U.S., 33
      • Economic development, 32, 60, 80
      • Election campaign (1976), 75, 81, 83
      • Energy conservation and development, 32
      • Energy crisis, 24, 27, 44, 84
      • Energy policy, 52
      • Europe as seen by, 30
      • European-U.S. relations, 23, 24, 25, 29, 36, 80
      • Food scarcity, 44, 46, 47
      • Foreign policy assessment of Ford’s first year in office, 60
      • Foreign policy issues for 1975, 50
      • Geneva Conference (1973), 25, 48
      • Gromyko meetings with, 34
      • Hussein talks with, 34, 35
      • Inter-American trade, 28
      • Interdependence, 28, 32, 46, 58
      • International cooperation, 17
      • Isolationism, 16
      • Israeli security and U.S. resolve, 78
      • Jackson-Vanik Amendment, 19, 23, 52, 53
      • Japan as seen by, 15, 48
      • Latin America, 13, 63, 82
      • Looking to the future by, 46
      • Meetings:
        • Cabinet, 20, 40, 50
        • Congressional Wednesday Group meetings, 52
        • Helsinki Summit, 61
        • Latin American Foreign Ministers luncheon (Sept. 1975), 63
        • North Atlantic Council, 22
        • NSC, 26, 40
        • With past and present foreign policy key people, 23, 53
        • Reston interviews, 46, 84
        • Senate Finance Committee, 31
        • Senate Foreign Relations Committee, 45, 77
        • With Senators and State Department officials (June 1975), 60
        • Special Actions Group, 38
        • With Time magazine editorial board, 42, 48
        • With the Washington Post, 30
        • With bipartisan Congressional leaders, 22, 33, 49
        • With Colby and Moorer, 25, 30
        • With Ford and Scowcroft, 83
        • With Mao Zedong, 3, 29
        • With National Conference of Editorial Writers, 83
        • With New York Times, 46
        • With Nixon, 25
        • With reporters, 25
        • With Scowcroft, 15
        • With Zhou En-lai, 3
      • Memoranda:
        • To Ford, 53
        • To Nixon, 3
      • Middle East, 33, 46, 53, 63, 84
      • Monetary reform, 8, 28, 32
      • Morality in foreign policy, 70
      • Nixon’s annual review of foreign policy, 9
      • Nixon’s relationship with, 25, 30, 52
      • Nixon’s resignation, 42
      • Nixon’s views on, 52
      • Nonintervention, 28
      • North-South relations, 71, 79, 80
      • NSC system, 39
      • Nuclear war, 84
      • October 1973 War, 20, 22
      • Paris Peace Accords (1973) signed by, 1
      • Peace through strength, 43, 78
      • People’s Republic of China, 3, 15, 84
      • Permanent interests of the United States, 71
      • Political leadership, need for, 46
      • Presidential transition, 38, 39, 40, 42
      • Quality of life, 17
      • Retrospective look at legacy of, 84
      • Rockefeller nomination, 48
      • SALT I treaty, 25, 84
      • Saudi Arabia’s role in oil embargo, 52
      • Schlesinger’s Overseas Press Club speech as critiqued by Scowcroft, 56
      • Schlesinger’s relationship with, 30
      • Science and technology, 17, 28, 32
      • Sino-Soviet dispute, 46, 84
      • Southern Africa, 74, 77
      • Speeches:
        • American Legion (Aug. 1974), 43
        • American Society of Newspaper Editors (Apr. 1975), 58
        • Boston World Affairs Council (Mar. 1976), 71
        • Conference of Tlatelolco (Mar. 1974), 28, 82
        • Eagleburger critique of, 70
        • Economic Club of Detroit (Nov. 1975), 64
        • International Institute for Strategic Studies (London, June 1976), 80
        • Japan Society (June 1975), 60
        • Laramie (Feb. 1975), 70
        • Los Angeles World Affairs Council, 52, 58
        • Lusaka (Apr. 1976), 77, 84
        • Moral Purposes and Policy Choices (Pacem in Terris Conference), 19, 49
        • National Urban League (Aug. 1976), 77
        • Pilgrim Society, 23, 24, 27, 46
        • Saint Louis (May 1975), 58
        • San Francisco (Feb. 1975), 70
        • UNCTAD IV conference (Nairobi, May 1976), 77, 78, 79
        • UNGA (Sept. 1973), 17, 19, 28, 32, 34, 47
        • UNGA (Apr. 1974), 32
        • UNGA (Sept. 1974), 44
        • UNGA 7th Special Session (Sept. 1975), 63, 79
        • University of Wisconsin Institute of World Affairs (July 1975), 59
        • Upper Midwest Council (July 1975), 59
        • World Food Conference (Nov. 1974), 47
        • The “Year of Europe,” 8, 23, 24, 30, 36, 46
      • Status in Washington of, 70
      • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 29, 36, 42, 71
      • Trade Reform Bill (1973), 31
      • Unilateral disarmament, 29
      • U.S. military assistance policy, 52
      • U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union, 72
      • Vietnam War, defeat in, 54, 55, 58
      • Visits:
        • Africa (Apr.–May 1976), 77, 78
        • Bonn (Mar. 1974), 30
        • Brussels (Dec. 1973), 22
        • Brussels (Mar. 1974), 30
        • California (Apr. 1975), 54
        • Europe (July 1974), 36
        • Geneva (Apr. 1974), 34
        • Helsinki (July 1975), 61
        • Israel (Sept. 1975), 63
        • Latin America (Feb. 1976), 82
        • Latin America (June 1976), 82
        • Middle East (Nov. 1973), 22
        • Middle East (May 1974), 34, 35
        • Moscow (Mar. 1974), 29, 30
        • People’s Republic of China (July 1971), 3, 84
        • People’s Republic of China (June 1972), 3
        • People’s Republic of China (Feb. 1973), 3
        • Paris (May 1973), 11
    • Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of (DPRK):
      • ROK, relations with, 17
      • U.N. membership for, 17
      • U.S. security guarantee for ROK, 54
    • Korea, Republic of (ROK):
      • DPRK, relations with, 17
      • Ford’s visit (Nov. 1974), 48, 51, 55, 60, 65
      • Human rights in, 49, 60, 81, 83
      • U.N. membership for, 17
      • U.S. economic assistance to, 49
      • U.S. security guarantee for, 54, 56, 65
    • Korean War, 2, 4, 35, 54
    • Kornienko, Georgi M., 61
    • Korologos, Thomas, 33
    • Kosygin, Alexei N., 20
    • Koven, Ronald, 30
    • Kubisch, Jack B., 18
    • Kubitschek de Oliveira, Juscelino, 26
    • Kudirka, Simas, 49
    • Laird, Melvin R., 20, 26, 61
    • Land, Edwin H., 15
    • Laos, 26
      • Ceasefire and negotiated settlement in, 41
      • DRV failure to withdraw from, 6, 11
      • Paris Peace Accords (1973), 1, 6, 7
    • Latin America:
      • Agenda for the Americas, 28
      • Anti-Americanism in, 11, 13
      • Bogotá foreign ministers meeting (Nov. 1973), 28
      • European Community, relations with, 82
      • Hemispheric dialogue, 60, 63
      • Human rights in, 82
      • Importance to U.S. in U.N. of, 13
      • Japan, relations with, 82
      • Kissinger’s meeting with Foreign Ministers of, 63
      • MFM Working Groups, 63
      • New Dialogue meetings, 63, 82
      • Nixon Doctrine’s effect on, 9
      • People’s Republic of China, relations with, 82
      • Regionalism in, 18
      • Soviet Union, relations with, 82
      • Trade, 28
      • United States, relations with, 2, 28, 55, 60, 63, 82
      • U.S. economic and military aid to, 28, 63
      • U.S. foreign policy role in, 82
      • U.S. hegemony in, 18
      • U.S. policy in, 18, 26
    • Latin American Economic System (SELA), 82
    • Law of the Sea Conference, 28
    • Le Duc Tho, 1, 25, 84
    • Leadership, 46
    • League of Families, 12
    • Leaks, 12
    • Leatherman, Mildred, 70
    • Leber, Georg, 23
    • Lee Kuan Yew, 52
    • Lend-lease, 20
    • Lescaze, Lee, 30
    • Less-Developed Countries (LDCs), 60, 74, 79, 81, 84
    • Lewis, Samuel W., 70, 82
    • Liberia, 77
    • Libya, 22, 23
    • Liebman, 61
    • Lin Piao, 3
    • Lincoln, Abraham, 55
    • Linkage concept, 20, 84
    • Lodal, Jan M., 26
    • Lodge, Henry Cabot, II, 13
    • Lone Rangerism, 81
    • Lord, Winston, 54, 58, 60, 63, 70, 72, 74, 82
    • Los Angeles Times, 69, 75
    • Los Angeles World Affairs Council, 52, 58
    • Love, John A., 20
    • Lowenstein, James G., 68
    • Luns, Joseph, 23
    • Lusaka Manifesto, 77
    • Lynn, James T., 11, 20, 50
    • Macaulay, Thomas, 28
    • Mack, Vice Adm. William P., 35
    • Macmillan, Harold, 23
    • Macomber, William, 4
    • Maginot line, 29
    • Mahon, George, 33
    • Makarios, Archbishop, 52, 81
    • Malaysia, 54, 65
    • Malek, Frederic V., 20
    • Manchuria, 15
    • Manifesto on Southern Africa, 77
    • Mansfield, Michael J.:
      • Latin America, 26
      • MBFR, 25
      • White House meeting with bipartisan Congressional leadership, 22, 33, 36
    • Mao Zedong:
      • Ford’s talks with, 65
      • Kissinger’s talks with, 3, 29
      • Succession issues, 10
    • Marcona, 82
    • Marder, Murray, 30, 75
    • Marsh, John O., Jr., 40, 50
    • Marshall Plan, 32, 46, 48, 54, 80
    • Mayaguez incident, 60
    • McClellan, John L., 22
    • McCloskey, Robert J., 4, 52
    • McCloy, John J., 23, 53
    • McFall, John J., 33, 35
    • McKnight, Lt. Col. George G., 6
    • McNamara, Robert S., 53
    • Meany, George, 61
    • “Meet the Press,” 64
    • Meir, Golda, 23, 25
    • Mexico, 28, 63, 82
    • Meyer, Armin H., 4
    • MFM Working Groups, 63
    • Middle East (see also Arab oil embargo; Geneva Conference (1973); Yom Kippur War (1973)):
      • Arab-Israeli disengagement agreements, 25, 30, 34, 35, 63, 84
      • As danger spot, 13
      • As U.S. election issue, 81
      • Ceasefire in, 17
      • European fears about possible events in, 23
      • Nuclear weapons use in, 23
      • Progress of negotiations on, 34, 35, 50, 71
      • Prospects for settlement in, 46, 84
      • Soviet diplomacy in, 30
      • U.S. foreign assistance program, 33
      • U.S. objectives in, 22
      • U.S. role in, 17, 41, 44, 53, 60, 84
      • U.S.-Soviet talks on, 36, 48
    • Miki Takeo, 60
    • Military assistance policies, 52
    • Missiles:
    • Mitchell, John N., 40
    • Mondale, Walter, 26, 59
    • Monetary reform, 5, 8, 27, 28, 32, 80
    • Montgomery Ward’s, 84
    • Moore, George C., 4
    • Moorer, Adm. Thomas H., 25, 29, 30
    • Morality in foreign policy (see also Foreign policy, U.S.; Pragmatism in foreign policy):
      • As Presidential election issue, 83
      • Democratic solidarity and, 80
      • Foundations of, 59
      • Israeli security and, 78
      • Kissinger’s failure to place emphasis on, 70
      • Pragmatism vs., 19, 35, 66, 70
      • U.S. choices in use of, 59
      • And the U.S. historical experience, 46
    • Morgan, Dan, 30
    • Morton, Rogers C.B., 11, 20, 39, 50
    • Moscow Summit (May 1972), 7, 36
    • Most Favored Nation (MFN) status (see also Jackson-Vanik Amendment):
      • Compromise on, possible, 30
      • Détente and, 19, 29, 60
      • Jewish emigration as affected by, 36
      • For Soviet Union, 11
    • Moynihan, Daniel P., 63
    • Mozambique, 77
    • Multilateral trade negotiations, 80
    • Multiple independently targetable re-entry vehicles (MIRVs), 36
    • Munich Pact (1938), 71
    • Mutual and Balanced Force Reductions (MBFR):
      • British position, 23
      • European position, 23, 36
      • Likelihood for, 25, 60, 80, 84
      • Reconsideration of, 54
      • Scheduling of talks for, 2, 17
      • Start of, 62
      • U.S.-European consultation on, 24
      • U.S. position, 8, 12, 45
    • Nairobi Conference (Sept. 1973), 20
    • Namibia, 77, 84
    • Nassau Agreement (1962), 23
    • National cohesion, 46
    • National Conference of Editorial Writers, 83
    • National Council of Churches, 49
    • National liberation, 80
    • National Security Council:
      • Food scarcity, 47
      • Maintenance of NSC system, 38, 39
      • Meetings:
        • Jan. 24, 1974, 26
        • Aug. 10, 1974, 38, 40
      • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 26
    • National Security Decision Memoranda:
      • NSDM 1, 39
      • NSDM 2, 39
      • NSDM 242, 40
      • NSDM 265, 39
    • National security policy, U.S., 8, 9
    • National Security Study Memorandum 241, 77
    • National Urban League, 77
    • National War Labor Board, 84
    • Nationalism, 29, 68
    • Natural resources, 32
    • Navy, U.S., 35
    • Navy League of the United States, 57
    • Nazism, 59
    • Negativism, 48, 60
    • Nelson, Vice-Adm. Horatio, 35
    • Neocolonialism, 79
    • Nessen, Ronald, 50, 69
    • Netherlands, 23
    • New Dialogue meetings, 63, 82
    • New Economic Policy (1971), 5
    • New Hampshire Presidential Primary (1976), 69
    • New York Times, 30, 46, 49, 69, 83, 84
    • New Zealand, 55, 65
    • Newsom, David D., 4
    • Ngo Dinh Diem, 83
    • Nguyen Van Thieu, 25, 57
    • Nigeria, 55
    • Nitze, Paul H., 26
    • Nixon, Julie, 26
    • Nixon, Richard M. (see also Watergate crisis):
      • Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War (1973), 14, 23
      • Anti-war demonstrations, 12
      • Arab oil embargo, 21, 27
      • Brezhnev’s relationship with, 22, 29
      • Brezhnev’s talks in Moscow with, 35, 36
      • Brezhnev’s visit (June 1973), 10, 11, 12, 14, 30, 36
      • Bruce’s talks with, 10
      • Congressional-White House relations, 1
      • Defense budget, 4, 6
      • Détente, 25, 31
      • Diplomatic secrecy, 12
      • Domino theory, 2
      • Economic assistance program, U.S., 33, 34
      • Economic development, 32
      • Energy conservation, 21, 27
      • Energy crisis, 27
      • European unity, 8
      • European-U.S. relations, 2, 25
      • First International Economic Report (1973), 5
      • Geneva Conference (1973), 25
      • Gromyko talks with, 33
      • Hussein talks with, 35
      • Impeachment of, 25, 30
      • Inter-American trade, 28
      • Isolationism, 2, 9, 12, 13, 35
      • Israel’s influence in U.S. politics, 11
      • Jackson-Vanik Amendment, 20
      • On Kissinger, 52
      • Kissinger appointed as Secretary of State by, 16
      • Kissinger’s relationship with, 25, 30, 52
      • Kissinger’s U.N. speech (Sept. 1973), 17
      • Latin America, 2
      • Meetings:
        • Cabinet, 11, 20, 34
        • Council of the Americas, 13
        • Executive Club of Chicago, 31
        • JCS, 2, 25, 38
        • NSC, 26
        • With Bipartisan Congressional leaders, 22, 33, 36
        • With Rogers, 4
        • With Schlesinger, 25
      • Memoranda:
        • From Kissinger, 3
        • From Scowcroft, 2
        • From Ziegler, 4
        • To Haldeman, 1
      • Messages:
        • To Congress, 5
          • Third Annual Report on U.S. Foreign Policy, 9
          • Fourth Annual Report on U.S. Foreign Policy, 9
      • Middle East, 35
      • Monetary reform, 5, 27
      • NATO, 2
      • October 1973 War, 20, 22, 25, 35
      • Paris Peace Accords (1973), 1, 26
      • Peacekeeping, 33
      • People’s Republic of China:
        • Military strength of, 26
        • Succession issue, 3, 10
        • United States, relations with:
          • Establishment of, 7, 12
          • Nixon’s approach to, 2, 9
          • Vietnam War and, 3
      • POW receptions, 12
      • Republic of China, 26
      • Resignation of, 36, 37, 42, 49
      • Rogers resignation, 16
      • SALT I treaty, 26
      • Schmidt talks with, 36
      • Soviet Union:
        • MFN for, 11
        • Solzhenitsyn’s deportation’s effect on, 35
        • United States, relations with, 2, 9
          • Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War, signed by, 14
          • Moscow Summit (May 1972), 7, 36
      • Speeches:
        • IMF/IBRD (1972), 8
        • On defense budget, 6
        • Second Inaugural Address, 7
        • State of the Union (1973), 5
        • State of the Union (1974), 25, 26
        • UNGA (1969), 32
        • USNA graduation (1974), 35
        • Withdrawal of U.S. forces from Vietnam, 6
      • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 26
      • Taping of conversations of, 42
      • Trade Reform Bill (1973), effect on détente of, 31
      • Unilateral disarmament, 27
      • U.S. alliances, 2
      • U.S. foreign policy approach of, 9
      • Vietnam War, 3, 6, 54, 66
      • Visits:
        • Asia (July 1969), 9
        • France (May 1973), 11
        • Middle East (June 1974), 35
        • Moscow (June 1974), 29, 30, 35, 36
        • Moscow (May 1972), 7, 36
        • People’s Republic of China (Feb. 1972), 3, 17
        • Poland (May–June 1972), 80
        • Romania (Aug. 1969), 80, 83
        • Yugoslavia (Sept.–Oct. 1970), 80
      • War Powers Resolution (1973), 51
    • Nixon Doctrine, 9, 35, 54
    • Noel, Cleo A., Jr., 4
    • Non-aligned nations, 17, 71
    • Nonintervention, 28
    • Norodom Sihanouk, Prince, 15, 54
    • North Atlantic Council (NAC), 22, 24, 36, 60, 80
    • North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO):
      • As essential for global stability, 80
      • British-U.S. differences over, 23
      • Budget cutting for forces in, 2
      • Communist governments in member states of, 71, 73, 83
      • Declaration on Atlantic Relations, 36, 80
      • Flexible response, 8
      • Foreign Ministers meeting (Oslo, May 1976), 80
      • Founding of, 4
      • Harmel Report (Dec. 1967), 80
      • People’s Republic of China’s position, 10, 29
      • Portuguese exclusion from, 54
      • Spanish membership for, 54
      • Strategy for use of nuclear weapons, 8
      • Turkish role in, 55
      • Twenty-fifth Heads of Government Meeting (Brussels, June 1974), 36
      • U.S. commitment to, 56
      • U.S. prestige as declining in, 53
    • North-South relations, 71, 79, 80, 81, 82
    • Novak, Robert, 73
    • Nuclear deterrent strategy, 40, 80
    • Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT), 54
    • Nuclear power, 24, 45, 81
    • Nuclear proliferation, 44, 54, 57, 60, 81
    • Nuclear test ban, 45
    • Nuclear understanding initiative, 3
    • Nuclear war:
      • Agreement on the Prevention of, 14, 23
      • Détente for prevention of, 22, 31
      • Fears of, 84
      • U.S. position, 44
    • Nuclear weapons:
      • French development of, 36
      • Indian development of, 34
      • Israeli development of, 22
      • Japanese development of, 13
      • Military superiority and, 84
      • NATO disagreements on strategy for use of, 8
      • Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty (NPT), 54
      • Peaceful use of, 36
      • People’s Republic of China development of, 36
      • Possession of forbidden to Germany, 13
      • Use in the Middle East of, 23
    • Oberdorfer, Don, 49, 83
    • Ocean exploration and exploitation, 9, 17, 24, 55
    • October 1973 War (see also Arab oil embargo; Geneva Conference (1973); Middle East):
      • Energy crisis and, 24
      • Outcome for Israel of, 20, 25
      • Soviet role in, 20, 22, 31
      • Start of, 19
      • U.S. actions during, 22, 35
      • U.S. perspectives on, 20
    • Office of Management and Budget (OMB), 47
    • Ogle, George, 49
    • Oil:
      • Arab embargo of:
        • African position, 22, 23
        • Congressional response to, 55
        • Energy conservation as affected by, 21, 23, 27
        • European/Japanese approach to, 22, 23
        • Israeli-U.S. relations and, 40
        • Lifting of, 25, 33
        • Saudi role in, 40, 52
        • Soviet position, 30
        • U.S. response to, 21
      • As U.S. election issue, 81, 83
      • Expansion of supply of, need for, 32
      • Rhodesia embargo of, 77
      • Sharing of, 46
      • U.S. policy on, 52
      • Venezuelan nationalization of, 82
    • O’Neill, Thomas P., 22, 33, 49
    • Operation Condor, 82
    • Operation Eagle Pull, 55
    • Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD):
      • Economic growth among nations of, 80
      • Energy Committee, 23
      • Executive Committee, 79
      • High Level Oil Committee, 27
      • North-South relations, 79
      • Summit (Paris, June 1976), 79
    • Organization of African Unity (OAU), 23, 66, 67
    • Organization of American States (OAS):
      • Meeting, Atlanta (Apr. 1974), 30
      • Meeting, Santiago (June 1976), 82
      • Reorganization of, 28
      • Sanctions against Cuba, 82
      • U.S. foreign assistance program, 33
      • U.S. treaty commitments to, 56
    • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 21, 27, 52, 60, 81, 84
    • Otto, Allan W., 68
    • Overcommitment, military, 71
    • Overpopulation, 9
    • Overseas Press Club, 56
    • Pacific Doctrine, 65
    • Packwood, Robert W., 52
    • Pakistan, 17, 52
    • Palestine, 22, 36, 52
    • Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 53
    • Pan Americanism, 18
    • Panama Canal treaty negotiations, 28, 60, 63, 75, 82, 84
    • Paraguay, 82
    • Paris Peace Accords (1973):
      • Article 20, 11
      • As major foreign policy achievement, 7, 26
      • Cambodia as affected by, 1, 6
      • DRV failure to observe, 6, 11, 25, 55, 56
      • First anniversary of, 19
      • Ford’s re-affirmation of, 40, 41
      • Laos as affected by, 1, 6, 7
      • Negotiations for, 23
      • Signing of, 1
    • Park Chung Hee, 60
    • Parker, Daniel, 33, 39
    • Parker, David N., 20
    • Passman, Otto E., 33
    • Pastore, John O., 36
    • Pauly, Lt. Gen. John, 38
    • Peace:
      • As foundation of U.S. foreign policy, 17, 71
      • As moral objective, 35, 80
      • As necessity, 59
      • Coexistence as necessary for, 19
      • Interdependence and, 28, 32
      • Lack of alternative to, 45, 80
      • Requirements for achievement of, 9
      • Through strength, 12, 43, 78
      • The United States at, 78
    • Peaceful change of borders, 83
    • Peaceful nuclear explosions (PNE), 36
    • Peacekeeping, 17, 33
    • Pearl Harbor, 65
    • Pedersen, Richard F., 4
    • Pentagon Papers, 12, 30
    • Perle, Richard, 83
    • Permanent interests of the United States, 71
    • Peru:
      • Andean Pact membership of, 63
      • Cuban weapons training for, 49
      • Food security, 26
      • Kissinger’s visit (Feb. 1976), 82
      • United States, relations with, 28
      • Weapons purchases by, 49, 52, 82
    • Peterson, Donald K., 74
    • Peterson, Peter G., 53
    • Philippines, 13, 54, 56, 65
    • Pierpoint, Robert, 24
    • Pike Committee, 67
    • Pilgrim Society, 23, 24, 27, 46
    • Pinochet, Augusto, 49
    • Pitt, William, 35
    • Poland, 62, 68, 73, 80, 83
    • Political parties:
      • Baathist (Iraq/Syria), 22
      • Christian Democratic Union (CDU) (FRG), 23
      • Communist, 71, 73, 83
      • Democratic (U.S.), 61, 81
      • National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), 64
      • National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), 64
      • Popular Front for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), 64, 67, 81
      • Republican (U.S.), 61, 81
      • Socialist Party (SPD) (FRG), 23
    • Pollution, 9
    • Pompidou, Georges, 11, 23, 30
    • Popper, David H., 49
    • Population control, 81
    • Population growth, 17
    • Porter, William J., 4
    • Portugal, 53, 54, 60
    • Poverty, 32, 44
    • Pragmatism in foreign policy (see also Foreign policy, U.S.; Morality in foreign policy):
      • Moral force and, 19, 35, 66, 70
      • Rebellion against, 46
    • Present at the Creation (Acheson), 16, 24
    • Presidential transition, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42
    • President’s Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB), 15
    • Price, Raymond K., Jr., 20
    • Prisoners of War (POWs), 1, 6, 12, 29
    • Project Independence, 21
    • Proletarian internationalism, 80
    • Protectionism, 80
    • Puerto Rico, 64, 82
    • Puerto Rico summit (June 1976), 80
    • Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin (1972), 7, 8, 62, 71, 80
    • Quality of life, 17
    • Rabasa Mishkin, Emilio Óscar, 49, 82
    • Rabat Arab League summit (1974), 53
    • Rabin, Yitzhak, 35, 83
    • Racial discrimination, 77
    • Radhakrishnan, Sarvapalli, 32
    • Radiation, 70
    • Rahal, Abdellatif, 32
    • Rambouillet economic summit (Nov. 1975), 80, 84
    • Rand Corporation, 42
    • Raw materials, 32, 51
    • Ray, Dixie Lee, 39
    • Reader’s Digest, 61
    • Reagan, Ronald W., 69, 75
    • Reconnaissance missions, 38
    • Reformation, 80
    • Refugees, 77, 81
    • Regionalism, 63
    • Reich, Kenneth, 75
    • Renaissance, 80
    • Renewable energy, 32
    • Reston, James, 23, 30, 46, 70, 84
    • Rhodes, John J., 33
    • Rhodesia, 49, 74, 77, 84
    • Ribicoff, Abraham A., 30, 61
    • Richardson, Elliot L., 2, 11, 20
    • Richardson, John, Jr., 4
    • Richardson, William B., 52
    • Rio Treaty (1947), 28, 82
    • Risner, Col. Robinson, 6
    • Robinson, Charles W., 77, 79
    • Rockefeller, David, 13, 23, 53
    • Rockefeller, Nelson A., 48
    • Rodman, Peter W., 25, 61
    • Roe, Robert A., 49
    • Rogers, William D., 63
    • Rogers, William P.:
      • Council of the Americas meeting, 13
      • Demonstrations against, 11
      • Nixon’s meetings with, 4
      • People’s Republic of China’s succession issue, 3
      • President’s annual review of foreign policy, 9
      • Reports on U.S. Foreign Policy, 7
      • Resignation of, 16, 30
      • Visit to Latin America (May 1973), 11
    • Romania, 10, 68, 73
      • As U.S. election issue, 83
      • Ford’s and Nixon’s visits to, 80, 83
      • MBFR talks, 23
    • Roosevelt, Franklin D., 41, 59, 78
    • Rosenfeld, Steve, 30
    • Rowny, Lt. Gen. Edward, 26
    • Rumsfeld, Donald H., 40, 50, 75
    • Ruppe, Philip E., 52
    • Rush, Kenneth W., 4, 26, 34
    • Rusk, Dean, 23, 53
    • Ryan, Gen. John D., 26, 29
    • Sadat, Anwar el-, 22, 33, 34, 35, 49, 53, 60
    • St. Clair, James D., 42
    • Saudi Arabia, 53
      • Oil embargo role of, 40, 52
      • United States, relations with, 81
      • Weapons sales to, 52, 83
    • Saukham Khoy, 55
    • Saunders, Harold H., 53
    • Sawhill, John C., 39
    • Saxbe, William B., 39
    • Scali, John A., 20, 50
    • Schecter, Jerrold, 42
    • Scheel, Walter, 23, 30, 62
    • Schlesinger, James R.:
      • Détente, 75
      • Foreign policy issues for 1975, 50
      • Kissinger’s relationship with, 30
      • Kissinger’s trip to Moscow (Mar. 1974), 29
      • Meetings:
        • Cabinet, 40
        • NSC, 26, 40
        • With Nixon, 25
      • NSC system, 39
      • Overseas Press Club speech, 56
      • People’s Republic of China visit by, 83
      • Presidential transition, 38, 40
      • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 29
      • U.S. military aid to Israel, 40
      • Vietnam War, 56
    • Schmidt, Helmut:
      • Ford talks with, 62
      • Nixon’s talks with, 36
      • Political role of, 23
      • Vietnam War, 2
    • Schneebeli, Herman, 52
    • Schubert, Richard, 20
    • Schweiker, Richard F., 52
    • Science, 17, 28, 32
    • Scott, Hugh D., Jr., 4, 22, 35
    • Scott, Stanley, 20
    • Scowcroft, Maj. Gen. Brent A., 60
      • Council of the Americas meeting, 13
      • Election campaign (1976), 75, 83
      • Foreign policy issues for 1975, 50
      • Kissinger’s trip to Moscow (Mar. 1974), 29
      • Meetings:
        • Cabinet, 11, 20
        • Helsinki Summit, 61
        • Special Actions Group, 38
        • With bipartisan Congressional leadership, 33
        • With Ford and Kissinger, 83
        • With Kissinger, 15
      • Memorandum to Nixon, 2
      • Nixon’s relationship with Kissinger, 25
      • NSC meetings, 26, 40
      • Presidential transition, 40
      • Rockefeller nomination, 48
      • Schlesinger’s Overseas Press Club speech as critiqued by, 56
      • Soviet use of radiation at U.S. Embassy Moscow, 70
      • U.S. alliances, 2
    • Scranton, William W., 53
    • Secrecy, 12, 81, 83
    • Security, 59, 80
    • Seevers, Gary, 20
    • Seidman, L. William, 39, 50
    • Selective Service System (SSS), 12
    • Self-determination, 62
      • In Africa, 67, 74, 77
      • In Eastern Europe, 80
      • In Vietnamese Republic, 1, 6
    • Senate, U.S.:
      • Church Committee, 67
      • Détente, 70
      • Finance Committee, 31
      • Foreign Relations Committee, 16, 33, 45, 53, 55, 77
        • African Affairs Subcommittee, 67
      • Human rights, 49
      • Humphrey-Scott delegation to Moscow, 61
      • Paris Peace Accords (1973), relations with White House regarding, 1
      • U.S. evacuation from Cambodia, 55
    • Senegal, 77
    • Shanghai Communiqué, 3, 17, 41, 55, 65, 72, 83, 84
    • Shriver, Garner E., 33
    • Shultz, George P., 20, 27, 53
    • Shuttle diplomacy, 84
    • Sidey, Hugh, 42
    • Sihanouk, Prince Norodom, 15, 54
    • Silberman, Lawrence H., 50
    • Simon, William E., 11, 27, 39, 50
    • Simons, Howard, 30
    • Sinai Peninsula, 19, 22, 53
    • Sinai II, 63
    • Singapore, 54, 55, 65
    • Single Integrated Operation Plan (or Procedure) (SIOP), 38
    • Sino-Soviet dispute (see also China, People’s Republic of; Soviet Union):
      • U.S. approach to, 46, 54, 72, 84
      • U.S.–PRC relations, effect on, 3
      • U.S. support for PRC, 10
    • Sisco, Joseph J., 4, 38, 52, 53
    • Smith, Hedrick, 84
    • Smith, Ian D., 74, 84
    • Smith, Jane Farwell, 76
    • Smith, Mary Louise, 50
    • Social justice, 81
    • Social organization, 57
    • Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr, 35, 61
    • Somalia, 49
    • Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, 68
      • European-U.S. relations, 23
      • Helsinki Summit, 61
      • NSC meetings, 26
      • U.S. policy toward Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, 68, 73
      • Vietnam War, 54
    • Sonnenfeldt Doctrine, 68, 73, 83
    • “The Sources of Soviet Conduct” (Kennan), 56
    • South Africa, Republic of, 67, 77
    • South West Africa (Namibia), 77
    • South Yemen, 22
    • Southeast Asia, 54
    • Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO), 54
    • Southern Africa, 74, 77, 81
    • Sovereignty, 28
    • Soviet Union (see also Sino-Soviet dispute):
      • Angolan role of, 64, 66, 67, 72
      • Apollo-Soyuz Test Project, 59, 61, 62
      • Arab-Israeli dispute, 22
      • Arab oil embargo, 30
      • As U.S. election issue, 75, 81
      • Attack on People’s Republic of China by, possible, 15
      • Communist Party Congress (25th, 1976), 73
      • CSCE, 36
      • Cuba, 29
      • Détente, 20, 64, 68
      • Egypt, relations with, 22, 33
      • European trade with, 36, 55, 84
      • Geneva Conference (1973), 36
      • Human rights issues, 83
      • India seen as satellite of, 3, 10
      • Iran as threatened by, 83
      • Jackson as seen by, 48
      • Japanese axis with, possible, 54
      • Japanese trade with, 36, 55, 84
      • Jewish emigration from, 20, 30, 31, 36, 49, 52, 55, 61, 66, 81, 83
      • Latin America, relations with, 82
      • Middle East diplomacy of, 30
      • Military strength of, 68, 80
      • Minority group nationalism in, 68
      • Most-favored nation status for, 11
      • Nuclear understanding initiative of, 3
      • October 1973 War, 20, 22, 31
      • People’s Republic of China alliance with, possible, 26
      • People’s Republic of China-U.S. relations, 3, 72
      • Quadripartite Agreement on Berlin (1972), 7
      • Southern African role of, 74
      • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks, 48
      • Succession issues, 10
      • United States, relations with:
        • Chill in, 30
        • CIA paper on, 38
        • Cuba as issue in, 29
        • During the early Cold War era, 9
        • Energy conservation and development exchange, 36
        • Establishment of, 59
        • Ford’s re-affirmation of, 41
        • Hughes Glomar Explorer mission, 40
        • Humphrey-Scott delegation to Moscow, 61
        • Idealism and pragmatism in, 35
        • Incidents at Sea Agreement (1972), 35
        • Jackson-Vanik Amendment’s effect on, 19, 20, 50
        • Linkage concept, 20, 84
        • Moscow Summit (May 1972), 7, 36
        • Nixon’s approach to, 2, 9
        • People’s Republic of China-U.S. relations as affected by, 3, 72
        • Solzhenitsyn’s deportation’s effect on, 35
        • Soviet use of radiation at U.S. Embassy Moscow, 70
        • Trade, 36
        • Trade Agreement (1972), 55
        • U.S. leverage in, 52
        • U.S. perspectives on, 17
        • U.S. principles for, 59, 71
        • Vladivostok Agreement (Nov. 1974), 48, 50, 51, 55, 57, 61, 62, 76
        • World War II era in, 49
      • U.S. policy toward, 68, 72, 73
      • U.S. wheat sales to, 20, 29, 30, 36, 46, 67, 68, 72, 83
      • Vietnam War role of, 29, 36
      • Weapons sales to Peru, 49, 52, 82
    • Soybeans, 34
    • Space exploration, 9
    • Spain, 36, 54
    • Spanish-American War, 56, 59
    • Sparkman, John J., 33
    • Special Actions Group, 38
    • Special Commission for Latin American Coordination (CECLA), 18
    • Spivak, Lawrence, 64
    • Springsteen, George S., Jr., 23
    • Stalin, Josif, 26
    • Steelman, Alan W., 52
    • Stein, Herbert, 39
    • Stennis, John C., 33
    • Stevenson, Adlai E., 71
    • Stockpiling of food, 34, 60, 79
    • Stoessel, Walter J., Jr., 4, 23, 61
    • Strategic Air Command (SAC), 38
    • Strategic Arms Limitation Talks:
      • ABMs, 36, 69
      • Agreement on principles for SALT II negotiations, 1
      • As U.S. election issue, 81
      • European position, 23
      • Failure to complete, 84
      • Jackson-Vanik Amendment, effect on, 30
      • Likelihood of, 54, 60
      • MIRVs, 36
      • Necessity of, 67, 80
      • Need for breakthrough on, 25
      • Negotiation for, 71
      • NSC discussion of, 26
      • Phases of, 30
      • Reagan’s view of, 69
      • Resumption of, 29, 36
      • SALT I agreement, 12, 13, 25, 26, 35, 84
      • Soviet desire for, 48
      • U.S.-European consultation on, 24
      • U.S. objectives for, 42, 45, 72
    • Strategic balance, 8, 9
    • Strategic superiority, 42
    • Sudan, 4, 30
    • Suez Canal, 29, 33
    • Suharto, 2
    • Sukhodrev, Viktor M., 61
    • Supreme Court, U.S., 42
    • Syria:
      • Disengagement agreement with Israel (May 1974), 30, 34, 35
      • Egypt, relations with, 52
      • Geneva Conference (Dec. 1973), 22
      • Israel, relations with, 30, 34, 35
      • October 1973 War, 19, 25
      • U.S. economic assistance to, 33
    • Systema Economico Latinoamericano (SELA), 82
    • Taiwan. See China, Republic of.
    • Tanaka Kakuei, 2, 23
    • Tanzania, 10, 77
    • Tarr, Curtis W., 4
    • Tax cuts, 34
    • Technology, 17, 28, 32, 82
    • Technology Test Bed (TTB), 36
    • Teller, Edward, 15
    • Teng Hsiao-ping. See Deng Xiaoping.
    • Terrorism, 4, 9, 22, 81
    • Texas Presidential Primary (1976), 81
    • Thailand, 2, 29, 54, 65
    • Third Pacem in Terris Conference, 19, 49
    • Thucydides, 71
    • Thurmond, J. Strom, 33
    • Time, 42, 48
    • Timmons, William E., 33, 36
    • Tito, Josip Broz, 68, 73
    • Tlatelolco Conference (Mar. 1974), 28, 33, 63, 82
    • Toth, Robert, 25
    • “Town Meetings” on foreign policy issues, 70
    • Trade:
    • Trade Act (1974), 5, 19, 31, 50, 52, 55, 61
    • Trade Reform Bill (1973), 8, 19, 31
    • Transportation, 77
    • Treasury, U.S. Department of, 47
    • Treaty of Constantinople (1888), 33
    • Treaty of Moscow (1970), 8
    • Trend, Burke, 23
    • Trudeau, Pierre Elliott, 2
    • Truman, Harry S, 44, 50, 54, 55, 83
    • Truman Doctrine, 4
    • Tulane University, 57
    • Tunisia, 30
    • Tunney, John, 64, 66
    • Turkey:
      • Cyprus dispute, 55
      • Greece, relations with, 4, 81
      • MBFR talks, 23
      • NATO role of, 55
      • United States, relations with, 60
      • U.S. military and economic assistance to, 49, 51, 52, 66
      • Vietnam War, 2, 4
    • Tyranny of the majority, 44
    • Underground nuclear test ban treaty, 45
    • Unemployment, 32
    • Unilateral disarmament, 27, 29, 54
    • United Arab Emirates (UAE), 30
    • United Kingdom. See Great Britain.
    • United Nations (U.N.):
      • Carter speech on Nuclear Energy and World Order, 81
      • Committee on Trade and Development, 28
      • Congo role for, 17
      • Cyprus role for, 17
      • Division on Resources, 32
      • Indian subcontinent role for, 17
      • Indonesia role for, 17
      • Korean membership issue, 17
      • Latin America’s importance to U.S. in, 13
      • Weaknesses of, 71
    • United Nations Charter, 32, 44, 77
    • United Nations Committee on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 77, 78, 80, 81, 82
    • United Nations Disengagement Observer Force (UNDOF), 48
    • United Nations General Assembly (UNGA):
      • 6th Special Session, 32
      • 7th Special Session, 60, 63, 66, 71, 74, 79
      • 28th Session, 24
      • Ford speech (Sept. 1974), 44
      • Kissinger’s speeches before:
      • Nixon speech (1969), 32
      • Resolutions:
        • 2145 (XXI)), 77
        • 3201 (S-VI), 32
        • 3202 (S-VI), 32
        • 3281 (XXIX), 82
      • U.S. foreign assistance program, 33
    • United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, 77
    • United Nations Security Council (UNSC):
      • Peacekeeping role of, 17
      • Resolution 232, 77
      • Resolution 242, 20, 22
      • Resolution 253, 77
      • Resolution 338, 22
      • Resolution 339, 22
      • Resolution 385, 77
    • United Press International (UPI), 83
    • Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 77
    • University of Wisconsin Institute of World Affairs, 59
    • Upper Midwest Council, 59
    • Uranium enrichment, 24
    • Uruguay, 82
    • Valenti, Jack, 83
    • Vance, Cyrus, 23, 53
    • Vanik, Charles, 19, 20, 31
    • Vatican City, 83
    • Vavilov, Andrei, 61
    • Veliotes, Nicholas A., 74
    • Venezuela, 55, 63, 82
    • Verification Panel, 26, 30
    • Vest, George, 30, 70
    • Veterans of Foreign Wars (VFW), 43
    • Vichinskiy, Andrey, 30
    • Vietnam, Democratic Republic of:
      • Failure to withdraw from Cambodia and Laos, 6, 11
      • Hegemony over Cambodia by, 54
      • Paris Peace Accords (1973) signed by, 1
      • Post-Paris Accords attacks by, 6, 11, 25, 55, 56
      • U.S. bombing of, 6
    • Vietnam, Republic of:
      • Fall to Communists of, 54, 55
      • Military situation in, 30
      • Paris Peace Accords (1973), 1
      • Peacekeeping in, 33
      • Self-determination for, 1, 6
      • Survival of, 11
      • United States, relations with, 2
      • U.S. economic assistance to, 33, 55
      • U.S. military assistance to, 52, 55
    • Vietnam peace settlement. See Paris Peace Accords (1973).
    • Vietnam War:
      • Allied opposition to, 2
      • As U.S. election issue, 83
      • Bombing of DRV, 6
      • British position, 2
      • CIA paper on, 38
      • DOD perspective on, 56
      • Evacuation of U.S. citizens, 57
      • French view of, 78
      • GFR position, 2
      • Lessons of, 71
      • Mining of Haiphong Harbor, 6, 20, 48
      • Need for peace, 9
      • People’s Republic of China role in, 29
      • People’s Republic of China-U.S. relations and, 3, 26
      • POWs, 1, 6, 12, 29
      • Public opinion on ending of, 13
      • Reconciliation in the post-war era, 56, 57
      • Repatriation of KIA/MIA troops, 65
      • Soviet role in, 29
      • State-DOD differences in thinking about, 56
      • Turkish position, 2, 4
      • United States as affected by, 9, 35, 84
      • U.S. defeat in, 54, 55, 58, 60
      • U.S.–LDC relations as affected by, 84
      • U.S. military intervention in Cambodia, 6, 26
      • U.S.-Soviet talks on (1972), 36
      • Value to U.S. of, 12
      • White House-Congress relations over, 66
      • Withdrawal of U.S. forces, 6
    • Vietnamization, 6
    • Virtue in foreign policy. See Morality in foreign policy.
    • Vladivostok Agreement (Nov. 1974), 48, 50, 51, 55, 57, 61, 62, 76
    • Wagner, Jerry, 23
    • Waldheim, Kurt, 22, 44
    • Wall Street Journal, 69, 81
    • Warner, John W., 35
    • Warren, Gerald L., 33
    • Washington Energy Conference (Feb. 1974), 27, 30, 32, 35
    • Washington Post, 30, 31, 49, 75, 83
    • Washington Special Actions Group (WSAG), 38
    • Washington Star, 70
    • Watergate crisis (see also Nixon, Richard M.):
      • As challenge for Nixon administration, 11
      • French view of, 78
      • Negativism as a result of, 48, 60
      • Nixon’s resignation resulting from, 36, 42, 49
      • U.S. foreign policy as affected by, 15, 38, 46
      • “Year of Europe” as doomed by, 8, 46
    • Wealth redistribution, 81
    • Wehner, Herbert, 23
    • Weinberger, Caspar W., 20, 50
    • West Bank, 53
    • Western cohesion, 46
    • Western Hemisphere community, 28, 46
    • Weyand, Gen. Frederick C., 55
    • Wheat, 20, 26, 29, 30, 34, 36, 46, 67, 68, 72, 83
    • Whip Inflation Now (WIN) program, 48
    • White House Conference on Domestic and Economic Affairs, 55
    • Wilson, Harold, 36
    • Wilson, Woodrow, 59
    • Wiretapping, 16
    • Woods, R.E., 58
    • World economic order, 78, 84
    • World Federalists, 49
    • World Food Conference:
      • As U.S. election issue, 83
      • Bilateral vs. multilateral aid, 34
      • Kissinger speech at, 46, 47
      • Scheduling of, 35
      • U.S. position, 28
      • U.S. program as outlined at, 49, 55, 60, 71
      • U.S. proposal for holding of, 17, 32, 44, 46
    • World Meteorological Organization (WMO), 32
    • World Population Conference, 28, 32
    • World War I, 12, 71, 80, 84
    • World War II, 12, 46, 49, 51, 59, 65, 80, 84
    • Wright, W. Marshall, 4
    • Zablocki, Clement, 33, 73
    • Zaire, 67, 77, 83
    • Zambia, 67, 77
    • Zhou Enlai:
      • Kissinger’s talks with, 3
      • Succession issues, 10
      • U.S.-People’s Republic of China relations, 7
      • Visit to the United States, possible, 25
    • Ziegler, Ronald L., 4, 20, 42
    • Zimbabwe, 77
    • Zimmerman, Warren, 68
    • Zumwalt, Adm. Elmo R., Jr., 26, 29, 36, 42