Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume
XXIV, Africa
Index
- Abbott Company, 480
- Abboud, Gen., 283, 497
- Abdellah, Slaheddine, 257
-
Abdirascid, Ali Scermarke, 399, 581, 582, 583, 587–588
-
Abdirazak, Hagi Hussein, 488n
, 523, 530n
, 538, 551–553
- Abebe, Gen. Abye, 534
- Abell, Bess, 148
- Aberkhan, Mohammed, 64
-
Abidia, Fathi, 69–70, 142
- Abram, Morris, 1102, 1103
- Acheson, Dean, 900
- Action Program on African Development Policies and Programs:
- Congressional criticism, 374, 378
- European involvement in Africa and, 345–347, 349
- Implementation of, 349–354, 361–365, 366–368
- Johnson’s speech re, 324–327
-
Korry’s inquiry and
recommendations, 326, 331–351
-
Adams, Gen. Paul, 512n
- Adan, Ahmed Mohamed, 529–530, 551, 556, 557
-
Aden Abdullah, Osman, 488n
, 497–498,
557
-
Adoula, Cyrille, 292, 406, 446, 719, 730, 733, 735
- African American Labor Center, 385
- African Development Bank (ADB), 312, 338–339, 367, 375, 376–377, 381, 390
- African National Congress, 992
- African Refugee Conference, 775
- Afro-Asian Conference of 1965, 39, 41, 44, 49
- Agency for International Development (AID):
- Accomplishments in Africa, 378–379
- Action Program on African Development Policies and Programs, 332, 333,
348, 349, 363, 367
- Algeria, 38, 39, 40
- Ghana, 415, 464, 465–466
- Libya, 70n
- Morocco, 168–169
- Regional policy regarding Sub-Saharan Africa, 299, 301,
303, 310, 312, 319
- Tunisia, 245–246
- Agriculture Department, U.S., 846
- Aherne, Richard W., 9n
, 544n
- Akers, Robert W., 704
- Aklilu, Abte-Wold Tsahafi, 521, 528–529, 530n
, 544, 549n
, 601n
, 604, 605–606
- Alba, Col., 254n
, 589n
- Alexander, Clifford L., Jr., 296n
- Alexander, Edward J., 958n
- Algeria (see also
North Africa), 2, 9, 286
- Anti-American agitation, 18–20, 50
-
Ben Bella’s approach to
governance, 24–25
-
Ben Bella’s proposed U.S.
visit, 30–31
- Coup attempt of 1967, 61–62
- Coup of 1965, 35, 41–43, 46
- Denuclearization issue, 28
- Economic situation, 5, 26, 35
- Four Areas Project, 18, 40
- France, relations with, 21–22, 35–36, 238–239
-
Harriman’s visit, 54–56
- Ho Chi Minh letter, 54
- Intelligence reports on, 35–36, 41–42, 62–63
- Internal security problems, 62–63
- Investment Guaranty Agreement, 52
- Johnson’s meeting with Guellal, 45–48
-
Komer’s meetings with
Guellal, 16–18, 30–32, 52–53
- Leadership role in Arab world, 13
- Military situation, 3, 35
- Morocco, military threat to, 17–18, 32, 149–151, 154n
, 158, 161, 163, 170–171, 188, 189,
196–197,
203–205,
207–210
- Non-alignment policy, 27, 55
- Oil issues, 8, 17
- Opposition elements, alleged U.S. support for, 27, 28, 29–30, 67–68
- Political situation, 12–13, 35
- Revolutionary movements, support for, 36
-
Rusk’s meeting with Guellal, 26–28
- Six-Day War and, 61
- Soviet Union, relations with, 2, 3, 11, 21, 24, 26, 36, 41–42, 50, 62
- U.S.-Algeria relations, 16–18, 26–28, 31–32, 47–48, 64–67
- U.S. food and agricultural assistance, 11, 28, 32–34, 36–40 49, 51–52, 53–54, 55–60, 66
- U.S. military assistance, 18
- U.S. policy toward, 4, 11
- Action Plan for Algeria, 20–23
- U.S. recognition of Boumediene government, 43–44
- War for independence, 8
- Ali, Col. Abdillahi Farah, 596
- Allen, Sir Roger, 895n
- Allen, William G., 201n
- Alter, David E., 504n
- Amamou, Mohamed, 269
- Ammar, Hamed, 269, 273
- Anderson, Amb., 358, 825
- Anderson, Burnett, 308n
-
Anderson, George W., Jr., 720n
, 731, 736,
739–740, 749–750, 758n
, 759n
, 760
- Andreas, Dwayne, 384
- Andrew, Robert F., 451n
- Angola. See
Portuguese Africa.
-
Ankrah, Lt. Gen. Joseph A., 412
- Ghana:
- U.S. recognition of government, 456–457
- Cocoa prices, 476–477, 480
- Coup of 1966, 443, 454, 458–460
- Foreign investment policy, 480–481
-
Humphrey’s visit,
392–393, 479–481
- Soviet military equipment provided to U.S., 463, 477
- U.S. development assistance, 456–457, 460, 476
- U.S. food and agricultural assistance, 478, 479
- U.S. military assistance, 472,
476
- Johnson’s correspondence with, 458–464, 472–473
- Johnson’s meeting with, 467, 473, 475–477
-
Katzenbach’s meetings with,
466–467,
478–479
- Nigerian civil war, 477,
663
- Nigerian political crisis, 633–634, 637,
640, 650, 656
- Vietnam war, 476, 481
- Anthis, Gen., 279n
- Apedo-Amah, 358
- Appling, Hugh G., 722n
, 751n
- Arab League, 230–231, 273
- Arms control, 355–357
- Armstrong, Willis C., 417
- Arnold, Terrell, 812n
- Arthur, Geoffrey, 115, 116, 117, 118
- Atkinson, Col., 589n
- Australia, 889
- Awolowo, Chief, 654, 655
- Azhari, Yusuf O., 596
-
Azikiwe, Nnamde, 611, 612, 613n
- Azores, 691, 693–694, 734, 750
- Baako, Kofi, 450
- Babu (Nigeria), 276, 611
- Badeau, John S., 82
- Bader (DOD), 124n
, 132n
, 201n
, 574n
, 694n
-
Al-Badri, Abd-al-Qadir, 14–15
-
Bakkush, Abd al-Hamid, 145–146, 147–148
-
Balafrej, Haj Ahmed, 196
- Baldwin, Marion A., 282, 433n
- Balewa, Sir Abubakar Tafawa, 610–611, 612, 613n
, 614, 615,
886
-
Ball, George W., 43n
, 113, 518n
, 717n
, 762n
, 828n
, 831n
, 834n
, 849, 861n
- Action Program on African Development Policies and Programs, 349–351
- Algeria, 20
- Ethiopia, 499–500, 516–517, 539
- Ethiopia-Somalia dispute, 518–519
- Ghana, 451–452
- Horn of Africa, proposed U.S.-Soviet arms freeze, 542–543
- Libya, 70n
- Morocco, 161, 162, 169–170, 179–180, 181–182
- Nigerian civil war, 687
- Portuguese Africa, 724–728, 736,
748, 763, 764
- Rhodesian Government, international campaign against:
- Economic sanctions, 809–810, 912–913
- Johnson’s correspondence with Wilson, 891
- Johnson’s meetings with Wilson, 872, 873
- Military options, 843
- Oil embargo, 860–861, 864, 872
- U.K. tobacco problem, 812–813
- U.S. contingency planning, 797, 823
- U.S. program of sanctions, 841–842
- Zambia, U.S.-U.K. assistance for, 863, 864–865
- Zambia-Rhodesia economic warfare, 843
- Rhodesian unilateral independence issue:
- Johnson’s correspondence with Smith, 829
- Johnson’s correspondence with Wilson, 813–814
- U.S. policy re, 807–808, 819–820, 827
- U.S.-U.K. coordinated approach, 792–794, 809–810, 815–816
- U.S.-U.K. protests, 789
- Zambia’s concerns, 790–792
- Somalia, 497–498, 538—539
- South Africa, 1040, 1051
- South West Africa, 1052–1053, 1055,
1056–1057, 1059–1060
-
Banda, Hastings K., 697–698
- Barber, Arthur, 315–316
- Barbour, Robert, 163n
, 169n
, 175n
, 180n
, 717n
- Barnard, Robert J., 626n
, 627, 628n
, 637–640,
643
- Baron, Albert R., 264n
-
Barr, Joe, 376–377
- Basutoland, 329–330
- Bator, Francis, 871, 874, 917, 1040n
- Battle, Lucius D., 263n
, 597n
- Beadle, Sir Hugh, 896, 903
- Bechuanaland. See
Botswana.
- Beigel, Edgar J., 149n
, 181n
, 762n
- Belgium, 362, 610
-
Belk, Samuel E., 282n
, 612
-
Bell, David E., 34, 38, 74n
, 163n
, 229, 241,
250, 253, 308n
, 437
- Belman, Murray J., 861n
, 1081, 1097n
- Ben Barka, Ahmed, 52, 179–182, 210
- Ben Bella, Ahmed, 16–17, 20n
, 21, 36–37, 222
- Approach to governance, 24–25
- Algeria:
- Coup of 1965, 35, 46
- Opposition elements, alleged U.S. support for, 27, 29–30
- Soviet Union, relations with, 24
- U.S. food and agricultural assistance, 28
- Proposed U.S. visit, 30–31
-
Ben Salah, Ahmed, 230, 269
-
Bengelloun, Ali, 154, 158–159, 161, 166, 170n
, 176–177
-
Benhima, Ahmed Taibi, 163, 166–168, 173, 176
-
Benhima, Mohammed, 211, 214–215
- Bennett, Oliver, 796
-
Bennett, W. Tapley, 781n
, 785n
- Bentley, Amb., 820, 839
- Bergus, Donald C., 123n
- Berman, Edgar, 384
- Beyer, Gordon R., 585n
, 586n
- Biafra. See
Nigerian civil war.
-
Bishti, Ahmad, 128–129, 130–131, 132, 134n
, 139, 142–143
- Black, Robert B., 232n
-
Blake, James J., 26n
, 29n
, 43n
, 90n
, 92n
, 93n
, 154n
, 162n
, 168n
, 169n
, 232n
, 234n
, 236, 487n
, 488n
, 490n
, 507n
, 515n
, 520n
, 523, 525,
530n
, 531n
, 722n
- Blake, Robert O., 232, 771–773
- Bligh, Sir Timothy, 417
- Bogosian, Richard W., 1107n
-
Bohlen, Charles E., 180, 708, 709
- Bolton, Oliver P., 414
- Bomboko, Justin, 773
- Botha, J.S.F., 1077
- Botsio, Kojo, 446, 450
- Botswana (Bechuanaland), 692–693, 701–702
- Bottomley, 788, 802, 803–804
- Bouabid (Morocco), 176
- Boudreau, William J., 775n
-
Boumediene, Col. Houari, 2, 17
- Algeria:
- Anti-American agitation, 50
- Coup attempt of 1967, 61–62
- Coup of 1965, 35, 41–42
- Harriman’s visit, 55
- Political situation, 12–13
- Soviet Union, relations with, 50
- U.S., relations with, 47–48
- U.S. food and agricultural assistance, 49
-
Bourguiba, Habib, 1, 137, 223n
- Algerian coup of 1965, 425, 42
- Johnson’s correspondence with, 259–260, 263–264
- Johnson’s meetings with, 265–271
- Tunisia:
- Arab League agenda, rejection of, 230–231
-
Humphrey’s visit,
402–403
- Israel, policy toward, 266
- Military situation, 14
- Nasser’s military threat, 234n
- Political situation, 14
- Turkey as source of military equipment, 270
- U.S. military assistance, 248,
253
- U.S. security guarantee, proposed, 254–255, 257n
, 266
- Vietnam war, policy re, 267
- U.S. visit, 242 43, 244, 257–260, 265–271
- Bourguiba, Habib, Jr., 269
- Algerian coup of 1965, 43
- Johnson’s meetings with, 227–229
-
Komer’s meetings with, 220–223
- North African regional defensive arrangement, proposed, 237
-
Rusk’s meetings with, 236–241, 260–263
- Tunisia:
- African nations, relations with, 222
- Civic action program, 240
- France, relations with, 221
- Libya, relations with, 222–223
- Morocco, relations with, 221
- Nasser’s military threat, 238
- Six-Day War and, 260–263
- U.S. development assistance, 220–221, 227–229, 243n
- U.S. military assistance, 229,
231, 232, 233n
, 235–241, 251, 261
- Bouteflika, Abdelaziz, 41, 43–44, 54–55, 63n
, 64, 65
- Bowie, John M., 785n
- Brezhnev, Leonid I., 197
- Britain. See United Kingdom.
- British Aircraft Corporation (BAC), 574n
- Bronez (DOD), 71n
, 74n
, 84n
, 87n
, 90n
, 92n
, 93n
, 97n
, 100n
, 132n
, 157
- Bronfman, Edgar, Jr., 384, 387
- Brown, Elizabeth Ann, 693n
, 762n
, 763n
, 767n
, 846n
, 943n
, 952n
, 1044n
, 1076n
, 1079n
, 1102n
, 1107n
-
Brown, George, 850, 915, 917–918, 920–921, 942–943, 1080
- Brown, Irving, 384
-
Brown, L. Dean, 156n
, 170n
, 615, 759n
, 774
- Brown, Theodore, 295n
-
Brubeck, William H., 80, 274, 411, 424, 432n
, 440n
, 486, 488n
, 497n
, 499n
, 984n
, 974–975,
986–987, 998–1004
-
Bruce, David K. E., 113, 115–118, 276, 417, 871, 874, 877, 908
- Bruce, Robert L., 958n
- Buche, John A., 546
-
Buffum, William B., 834n
, 993n
, 1022n
, 1056n
- Bull, Kinloch, Jr., 738
-
Bundy, McGeorge, 16n
, 25n
, 71n
, 101n
, 151n
, 167n
, 203n
, 220n
, 421, 454n
, 729n
, 825n
, 827n
, 828n
, 831n
, 874n
, 892n
, 1032n
, 1041n
, 1045n
- Algeria, 34, 36–37, 42, 45, 51
- Botswana, 692
- Ghana, 411, 418, 447
- Libya, 80, 135–136
- Morocco, 153, 155n
, 159n
- Nigeria, 612, 613
- Portuguese Africa, 721, 734, 735,
739
- Regional policy regarding sub-Saharan Africa:
- Internal security assistance, 279–280
- Johnson’s interest in African affairs, 304, 306n
- Nuclear free zone issue, 281
- Strengthened African Program, 300
- U.S. Negro leadership’s interest in, 294, 295, 296
- Rhodesia, U.S. arms embargo against, 795
- Rhodesian government, international campaign
against, 858, 865, 866, 885, 893n
- Johnson’s correspondence with Wilson, 889n
- Johnson’s meetings with Wilson, 870–871, 873, 874
- Military options, 843
- Oil embargo, 860–861, 864
- U.S. program of sanctions, 845, 890
- U.S. stake in outcome, 852
- Zambia, U.S.-U.K. assistance for, 864–865, 884
- Zambia-Rhodesia economic warfare, 843
- Rhodesian unilateral independence issue:
- Johnson’s correspondence with Smith, 829
-
UN actions re, 794, 818
- U.S. policy re, 801, 806–807
- U.S. response to Rhodesia’s declaration, 836
- U.S.-U.K. coordinated approach, 815–816
- South Africa, 1040
- Johnson’s meeting with Oppenheimer, 1028–1029
- Nuclear energy program, 998,
1006
- U.S. military sales, 999, 1004, 1005
- U.S. non-segregation policy for personnel in South Africa,
1030n
- U.S. policy toward, 981–982, 984–986
- U.S. space tracking stations in, 1030n
- South West Africa, 974
- Tunisia, 227
- Wheelus Air Base:
- Negotiations re, 85
- U.S. action program re, 74
- U.S. negotiating strategy, 72,
73n
, 76
- U.S. withdrawal issue, 95, 96n
, 99
- Burati, Valery, 154n
, 181n
- Burdett, William C., 717n
- Burrows, Sir Bernard, 113
- Burundi, 329
- Busia, Kofi, 470
- Butler, R. A., 417n
, 418
- Buuri (Libya), 107
- Byrne, Horace F., 1031n
- Byrne, Patricia M., 759n
, 762n
, 1044n
- Caccia, Sir Harold, 417, 788
- Caetano, Marcello, 787
- Calhoun, Chad, 422, 423, 424
- Califano, Joseph, 879
- Campbell, Francis R., 9n
, 114n
, 120n
, 121n
, 122n
, 125n
, 132n
- Campbell, Hugh, 530n
- Campbell, W. B., 1019n
, 1022n
, 1059n
, 1106n
, 1107n
- Canada, 362, 750,
889
- Caradon, Lord, 762n
, 922, 947
- Carlson, Frank, 1048
- Carlson, Joel, 1093
- Carolan, Thomas J., 952n
- Carter, Chester C., 904
- Cashin, Richard M., 441n
- Castro, Fidel, 474
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 1n
, 46, 297n
- Algeria, 27, 28, 29–30, 35n
, 41–42,
5
- Angola, 721
- Covert operations in Africa, 290–293, 365–366, 721
- Ethiopia, 537, 598n
- Ethiopia-Somalia dispute, 509n
- Ghana, 411n
, 422–423, 424, 426, 429–430, 432–433, 434,
467–471
- Libya, 82, 108n
- Morocco, 179–180
- Nigeria, 613n
, 622, 682
- Portuguese Africa, 740n
, 742n
, 770–771
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against, 826n
, 876, 930n
, 938, 954
- South Africa, 988n
, 1061, 1077n
- South West Africa, 1050n
, 1065n
- Chabaani, Col., 27n
- Chalfin, Seymour, 790, 883n
- Chapin, Frederic M., 100n
, 963
-
Chase, Gordon, 1040–1041
- Chase, Robert W., 161, 166, 168n
, 169n
, 175n
, 177n
, 180n
, 181n
, 230n
-
Cherkaoui, Mohammed, 196
- Cheslaw, Irving, 1097n
- China, People’s Republic of, 21, 32, 36, 154n
, 446
- Ethiopia, relations with, 274, 527, 528–529
- Ghana, relations with, 459
- Nationalist movements of Southern Africa and, 699, 700
- Portuguese Africa, 716, 753
- Subversive activity in Africa, 274,
382–383,
405
- Tanzania-Zambia railroad, 374, 799, 800–801
- Chou En-lai, 21, 48,
274, 430, 717, 799
- Christian, George, 660
- Christmas, Stephen, 492n
, 511n
- Civil rights developments in U.S., African reaction to, 283–284
-
Clark, G. Edward, 616, 1068n
, 1069n
, 1073n
, 1076n
, 1083n
, 1086, 1093n
, 1097n
, 1099n
, 1101n
, 1102n
, 1106n
, 1107n
- Clark, James, 247n
-
Cleveland, J. n, 717n
, 971n
, 993–994
- Clifford, Clark, 1110
- Cobb, Rear Adm. J. O., 578–579, 1072
- Cocoa prices, 347, 375, 450, 476–477, 480
- Cohen, Herman J., 775n
- Colby, William, 779
- Commerce Department, U.S., 310
- Common Market, 226, 346
- Congo, People’s Republic of the, 329, 331, 773
- Congo, Republic of the, 32, 34n
, 157, 285,
306, 328, 368–369, 444–445, 472, 474, 610
-
CIA covert operations, 291–292
-
Humphrey’s visit, 393–395
- Portuguese Africa, 716, 719, 743,
745, 746, 771–773, 776, 778
- Revolt of the mercenaries, 373–374
- Congress, U.S., 69, 143, 157, 248, 258, 374, 378, 589–590
- Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), 1020–1021
- Conway, Gen. Theodore J., 472
- Cook, Mercer, 328
- Cooper, Richard N., 124n
, 1040n
- Coote, Wendell B., 275n
, 484n
, 501n
, 504n
, 722n
, 807n
- Coward, Capt. Asbury, 693n
, 1021n
, 1068n
, 1069n
, 1081, 1083n
- Crump, Frank, 1089
- Cruz, Viriato da, 730, 746
- Cuba, 16, 153, 193, 200–201, 210, 474, 699
- Curtis, Joanne, 752n
- Czechoslovakia, 668
- Daddah, Moktar Ould, 446
- Dane, Ernest B., 781n
- Daud, Gen., 518
- Davies, Rodger P., 125n
, 325n
- Davis, Rear Adm. J. W., 78–80, 513–514
- Davis, John, 295n
- De Gaulle, Charles, 52, 53, 209, 219–220, 221, 544
- Dean, David, 18n
- Dean, Jonathan, 765n
, 846n
, 912n
-
Dean, Sir Patrick, 113, 860, 872, 873, 874, 890, 917, 922–923, 925–948
- Debrah, Amb., 406
- Delaney, Peter H., 1019n
, 1081
- DeMartino, John J., 813n
- Democratic Movement of Algerian Renovation (MDRA), 67
- Denney, George C., Jr., 615n
- Denuclearization issue. See
Nuclear free zone issue.
- DeSeabra, Jose, 270
- Deus Rodrigues Tomas, Americo de, 787
- Dickman, Francois M., 722n
- Dillery, C. Edward, 966n
, 971n
, 995n
- Dinke, Amb., 526–527, 531–532
- Diori, Hamani, 663
- Dirksen, Everett M., 437, 941
- Disarmament. See Arms control.
- Disoway, Gen., 100n
- Diukarev (USSR), 542n
- Djibouti, 544, 565–566
- Dobson (Canada), 436, 439
-
Dodd, Thomas J., 433
- Doki, Charles, 780
- Dorros, Leon G., 413n
, 433n
, 441n
, 722n
- Douglas, A. Hugh, 1069n
- Douglas-Home, Sir Alec, 276–277, 417, 418, 610
- Doyle, Gen., 705
- Dozier, William B., 575n
- Dregne, Col., 88, 232n
, 538n
- Dreyfuss, John T., 1107n
-
Driss, Rachid, 220, 224–225, 228, 236, 240, 243–244, 248–249, 257–259, 269, 273
- Dualeh, Ahmed Yusuf, 551
- Duggan, William R., 995n
- Duke, Angier Biddle, 268, 270
- Dumont, Amb., 300
- Dungan, Ralph, 16n
, 421, 982
- Dunn, A. Gardner, 963, 1026, 1027
- Economic Commission for Africa, 285–286
- Economic Community of East Africa, 401, 597–598
- Edwards, Robert H., 717n
, 754n
-
Egal, Mohammed Ibrahim, 399, 581–584, 586n
, 587–588,
590, 591–598, 603, 604, 605, 606
- Ekern, Halvor O., 365–366, 615, 770n
, 912
- Enahoro, Chief Edward, 652, 662, 669
- Enders, Thomas O., 1106n
- Eritrea, 573, 575,
576, 598–599
- Ethiopia (see also
Ethiopia-Somalia dispute; Horn
of Africa), 157, 286, 970n
- China, relations with, 274, 527, 528–529
- Dinke’s defection to U.S., 531–532
- Economic situation, 524
- Eritrean insurgency, 573, 575, 576,
598–599
- France, relations with, 545–546
-
Harriman’s meeting with Haile
Selassie, 527–529
-
Humphrey’s visit, 397–398
- Intelligence report on, 598–599
- Johnson’s correspondence with Haile Selassie, 486, 488–489, 499–500, 549–550
- Johnson’s meetings with Haile Selassie, 556–557, 558, 560–566, 568
- Johnson’s proposed meeting with Haile Selassie in 1966, 544n
, 546–550
- Kagnew Station military base, 505,
506, 510, 554–556, 561, 573, 576–579, 599,
606–609
- Kenya, relations with, 488
-
McNamara’s meeting with
Haile Selassie, 559, 566–567
-
Palmer’s meeting with
Yifru, 546–547
- Policing functions in Africa, 515–516
- Political reforms, U.S. encouragement of, 533–536
- Political situation, 537, 572
- “Shake down” policy re U.S. assistance, 526–527
- Soviet-Somali relations, concerns re, 603–604
- U.K. military sales, 574, 580
- U.S. military assistance, 486, 489n
, 511–512, 515–517, 524–526, 538–539
- Congressional action re, 589–590
- Ethiopia’s requests for increased assistance, 521–522, 540–541, 545, 547, 558–571
- FY 1966 MAP program, 520
- FY 1967 MAP program, 545
- JCS position, 513–514
- U.S. objectives re, 510–511
- U.S. objectives and policies, 506
- U.S.-Soviet relations, concerns re, 602
- Ethiopia-Somalia dispute:
- Bilateral resolution efforts of 1965, 530–531
- Border clashes, 487, 490–495, 502–504, 507–508, 523
- DZtente initiative, 582–588, 591–592, 594,
597, 600–601, 603, 604–606
- Intelligence report on, 509–510
- Joint Somali-Ethiopian Border Commission, 504n
- Mutual mistrust, 518–519
- Preventive action, Ethiopia’s consideration of, 519
- Propaganda problem, 518–519
- Soviet intervention, 500–501
- U.S. bilateral relations and, 496–500
- U.S. mediating role, proposed, 501–502
- U.S. position re disputed territories, 530
- U.S.-supplied military equipment, Ethiopia’s alleged use of, 500n
, 507–508
- Eurafrican preferential system, 346–347, 349
- Eurich, Alvin, 109
- European Economic Community (EEC), 226, 346
- Evans, Allan, 615n
- Export-Import Bank, 415, 422
- Fain, Thomas A., 943n
, 952n
- Falk, Richard, 1093
- Fanfani, Amintore, 64
- Farah, Abdulrahim Abby, 596
- Farah, Abdurahman Abby, 551, 596
- Farley, Philip J., 785n
, 1097n
-
Fekini, Mohieddine, 69
- Feld, NichoNicholas, 585n
, 600n
, 786
-
Ferguson, John H., 149, 151n
, 153n
, 155, 601
- Field, Winston, 932
- Fisher, Adrian S., 1040
- Fluckey, Rear Adm. Eugene B., 1078n
- Follestad, Robert T., 18n
-
Forrestal, Michael, 279n
- Foster, John, 61–62
- Fourie, Bernardus Gerhardus, 1105n
-
Fowler, Henry H., 241, 272, 377, 465, 841–842, 942, 1053
- France:
- Action Program on African Development Policies and Programs,
attitude toward, 362
- Algeria, relations with, 21–22, 35–36, 36, 238–239
- Algerian-Moroccan tensions and, 209–210
- Ethiopia, relations with, 545–546
- Eurafrican preferential system, 346–347, 349
- Ghana coup of 1966, 447
- Horn of Africa, 544, 572
- Morocco, relations with, 163, 180–182
- Nigeria, relations with, 610
- Nigerian civil war, 685
- North Africa, 2, 3, 237
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against, 843
- South Africa’s apartheid policy, 994
- Southern Africa region, policy re, 708–709
- Tunisia, relations with, 219–220, 221,
225, 244
- Franco, Generalissimo Francisco, 5
-
Fredericks, J. Wayne, 74n
, 170n
, 177, 320–322, 357n
, 466, 542n
, 663, 664,
742, 745n
, 751n
, 754n
, 759n
, 792n
, 797, 804,
805, 807n
, 813n
, 819n
, 824, 827,
831n
, 926, 995n
, 1022n
, 1081
- Freeman, Orville, 482
- French Somaliland, 544, 548, 560, 572
- Frutkin, Arnold W., 1045
- Funseth, Robert L., 754n
, 759n
, 765n
, 767n
, 769n
, 780n
- Gabon, 286
-
Galanto, Fred J., 64, 484n
, 487n
, 491n
, 494n
, 502n
, 516n
, 518n
, 520n
, 521n
, 530n
, 531n
, 851n
- Gallin-Douathe, Amb., 406
- Gardiner, Robert, 397–398
- Gargoni, Khalid al, 139
-
Garin, Vasco Vieira, 763, 769, 904–905
- Garner, Sir Saville, 660, 803–805, 808n
, 810n
, 925–927,
928
-
Gaud, William S., 192, 223, 247, 271, 279n
, 351, 362,
376–377, 465, 482
- Gebelt, S. G., 785n
, 847–848
- Germany, Federal Republic of (FRG), 167, 176, 362, 560, 750
- Ghana, 328, 330
- Aluminum plant project, 422–423, 424,
438, 440
- Ankrah government, U.S. recognition of, 456–457
- Anti-American campaign, 411, 412, 414,
420, 424n
, 428–429, 444–446, 451–452
- China, relations with, 459
-
CIA covert operations, alleged, 411n
, 422–423, 424, 426, 429–430, 432–433, 434
- Civilian government, restoration of, 474–475, 476
- Cocoa prices, 375, 450, 476–477, 480
- Corruption problem, 429
- Coup of 1966, 443, 447, 453–456, 457–460
- Economic situation, 439, 450, 460,
464, 467–471, 472
- Foreign investment policy, 426–427, 438–439, 480–481
-
Harriman’s meeting with
Nkrumah, 432, 434, 435–436
-
Humphrey’s visit, 392–393, 479–481
- Intelligence reports on, 467–471
- Johnson’s correspondence with Ankrah, 458–464, 472–473
- Johnson’s correspondence with Nkrumah, 425–428, 433–434, 448–449
- Johnson’s meeting with Ankrah, 467,
473, 475–477
- Johnson’s meeting with Quaison-Sackey, 447–449
- Johnson’s meeting with Ribeiro, 432–433
-
Kaiser’s meeting with
Nkrumah, 424–425
-
Katzenbach’s meetings with
Ankrah, 466–467, 478–479
-
Katzenbach’s meeting with
Harlley, 473–475
-
Mahoney’s meetings with
Nkrumah, 428–431, 444–446
- Military situation, 470
- Nigerian political crisis, 616, 639, 644,
650, 656
- NIH research facility, 415–416
- Nkrumah government, 413–414, 438,
459
- Nkrumah’s Hanoi visit, 448–449
- Non-alignment policy, 426
- Police force, 474
- Political situation under military-police junta, 467–471
- Socialist policies, 426–427, 430,
435–436
- Soviet military equipment provided to U.S., 463, 477
- Soviet Union, relations with, 429,
430, 459
- U.S. Action Program, 413–416, 419–421, 441–442
- U.S. development assistance (see also Volta
River project below), 443,
456–457,
460, 464, 465–466, 476
- U.S. food and agricultural assistance, 452, 457–458, 462,
478, 479, 481, 482–483
- U.S. military assistance, 472, 476
- U.S. psychological warfare program, 416
- Volta River project, 411,
415, 417–420, 421, 423,
424–425,
435, 436, 437, 438–440, 443–444
- Williams’s meeting with Nkrumah, 450–451
- Gibbs, Sir Humphrey, 804–805
- Gilpatric, Roswell, 748–749, 849
- Glenn, Edmund S., 196, 268
- Gleysteen, William H., 769n
, 959n
, 1073n
, 1081, 1083n
, 1093n
, 1097n
, 1106n
- Gloster, John G., 580n
, 585n
, 589n
- Godley, G. McMurtrie, 292, 735
- Godson, Joseph, 1107n
- Gold, Ruth S., 943n
-
Goldberg, Arthur J., 313, 358, 693, 807, 831n
- Portuguese Africa, 691, 759, 761n
, 762n
, 764
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against, 840, 845,
854, 931, 940–941, 947n
, 951, 952
- Rhodesian unilateral independence issue, 818
- South Africa, 691–692, 1040,
1049, 1082, 1083–1084
- South West Africa, 1080, 1102, 1103
- Goldstein, Mortimer D., 846n
, 851n
, 861n
, 917, 922,
943n
, 952n
- Goldwater, Barry, 283–284
- Gonsalves, 778
- Good, Robert C., 765n
, 844n
, 957, 1088–1089
- Goodman, Seymour S., 785n
, 1097n
- Gordon Walker, Patrick, 788–789
- Gore-Booth, Sir Paul, 823
- Gowan, Maj. Gen. Yakubu, 618n
- Graham, Lord, 796
- Green, Marshall, 717n
- Green Denis A., 917, 918
- Greenwood, Hal, 384
- Grey, R. T., 273
- Grimes, Rudolph, 359
- Gromyko, Andrei, 553
- Gross, Ernest, 1033
-
Guedira, Ahmed Reda, 152, 153n
-
Guellal, Cherif, 20n
- Algeria:
-
Ben Bella’s proposed
U.S. visit, 30–31
- Coup of 1965, 46
- Morocco, military threat to, 17–18, 32
- Non-alignment policy, 27
- Oil issues, 17
- Opposition elements, alleged U.S. support for, 27, 28,
29n
- U.S.-Algerian relations, 16–18, 26–28,
31–32, 47–48, 61
- U.S. food and agricultural assistance, 28, 52,
60
- U.S. military assistance, 18
- Johnson’s meeting with, 45–48
-
Komer’s meetings with, 16–18, 30–32, 52–53
- Morocco’s Ben Barka case, 52
-
Rusk’s meeting with, 26–28
- Guimali, Antoine, 358
- Guinea, 286, 329,
330, 474
-
Gullion, Edmund A., 292
- Gumane, Paul, 753
- Gustafson, Charles H., 455n
, 1083n
- Guthrie, John C., 500n
- Gwambe, H., 753
- Hadow, Reginald M., 788
-
Hadsel, Fred L., 320n
, 325n
, 484n
, 780n
, 846n
, 958n
, 959n
- Haile Minassie, 564
- Haile Selassie I, Emperor of Ethiopia, 150,
274, 599
- Ethiopia:
- Dinke’s defection to U.S., 532
-
Humphrey’s visit,
397–398
- Kagnew Station military base, 510
- Political reforms, U.S. encouragement of, 533, 534–535
- Political situation, 537
- Soviet-Somali relations, concerns re, 603–604
- U.S. military assistance, 486,
512n
, 521, 564–568, 571n
- U.S.-Soviet relations, concerns re, 602
- Ethiopia-Somalia dispute, 493, 500n
, 591, 603, 605
-
Harriman’s meeting with, 527–529
- Johnson’s correspondence with, 486,
488–489,
499–500,
549–550
- Johnson’s meetings with, 558, 560–566, 568
- Johnson’s proposed meeting in 1966, 544n
, 546–550
-
McNamara’s meeting with,
559, 566–567
- Nigerian civil war, 683, 690
- Nigerian political crisis, 650–651, 652n
- Hall, Michael, 908
- Hall, Pierson M., 693n
, 963, 992n
, 1039
-
Hall, William, 589n
, 600n
, 601n
, 602–604
- Hamilton, Edward K., 472n
, 478n
, 542n
, 566–567,
590n
, 596, 665n
, 686n
- Malawi, 697–698
- Nigerian civil war, 659–660, 663–665, 669–670, 683–685
- Nigerian political crisis, 654–657
- Regional policy regarding Sub-Saharan Africa, 331–333, 355–357, 378–381
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against, 1064–1065
- South Africa, 1058–1059
- South West Africa, 1062–1064
- Hand, Lloyd N., 871, 873
- Hardy, Alan M., 676n
- Harlech, Lord, 788
- Harlley (Ghana), 443, 454, 473–475
-
Harriman, W. Averell, 4, 29n
, 71n
, 84n
, 87n
, 90n
, 93n
, 101n
, 160n
, 163n
, 220n
, 274, 279n
, 282n
, 412, 425n
, 428n
, 488n
, 497n
, 499n
, 516n
, 535n
, 549n
, 717n
, 730, 736n
, 797n
, 931
- Algeria, 20, 32, 34, 54–56, 57, 60, 66
- Economic and political progress in newly indent nations, 285–286
- Ethiopia, 520, 527–529
- Ethiopia-Somalia dispute, 496
- Ghana:
- Meeting with Nkrumah, 432,
434, 435–436
- U.S. Action Program, 420, 421, 441, 442n
- Volta River project, 417, 418, 420, 421, 423, 424–425, 435, 436, 437, 438–440
- Libya, 72, 108
- Morocco, 52, 167–168, 173, 187–188
- Nigeria, 610–611
- Portuguese Africa, 742
- South Africa, 963–965, 1006
- Tanzania-Zambia railroad, 799
- Tunisia, 253
- Wheelus Air Base, 80–81, 88, 89n
- Hart, Parker T., 137
- Hartman, Arthur A., 264n
, 699n
, 704n
, 1109–1110
- Hasan, Crown Prince of Libya, 108
- Haselton, Norris, 29n
- Hassan II, King of Morocco, 1, 3
- Algerian coup of 1965, 42
- Bourguiba Jr.’s assessment of, 221
- Johnson’s correspondence with, 155,
156, 184–187
- Johnson’s meeting with, 183–184, 193–200
- Morocco:
- Algerian military threat, 188,
189, 196–197
- Ben Barka kidnapping case, 181
- Economic development and private investment, 178–179, 182
- Harriman’s visit, 187–188
- Military situation, 14
- Mutual defense arrangement with U.S., proposed, 211
- Political situation, 13, 176
- Soviet Union, relations with, 149n
, 187, 189–190
- U.S. food and agricultural assistance, 184–185
- U.S. military assistance, 201n
, 215
- U.S. withdrawal from military bases, 152
- Hatch, Col., 966n
- Hauschner, Ludwig, 743n
- Havercamp, Roy T., 780n
, 786n
- Haynes, Ulric, Jr., 458n
, 535n
, 813n
, 883n
, 984n
- Botswana, 692–693
- Nigerian political crisis, 617
- Regional policy regarding sub-Saharan Africa:
- Johnson’s interest in African affairs, 304–305
- Problems areas for U.S., 328–330
- Strengthened African Program, 298–303, 305
- U.S. Negro leadership’s interest in, 295, 296
- Rhodesia, U.S. arms embargo against, 799–800
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against, 858–859, 865–867, 882, 884,
885–886,
895–896,
901–902
- Rhodesian unilateral independence issue, 794–795, 801–802, 827, 836–837
- South Africa, 1028–1032
- Tanzania-Zambia railroad, 800–801
- Hazam, Col., 201n
- Heffner, Col. Charles C., 69n
, 92n
, 149n
, 488n
, 504n
, 516, 520n
, 525, 589n
- Height, Dorothy, 296
- Helms, Richard M., 53, 80, 330n
, 453–454,
598n
, 682n
, 779, 1050n
, 1053, 1065n
- Henderson, John N., 788
- Hennes, Richard V., 966n
, 993n
- Herr, Donald F., 1099n
- Heuser, Henry, 109
- Heymann, Philip B., 1093n
- Heyniger, Lambert, 759n
, 765n
, 769n
- High, George B., 743n
, 754n
- Hilliker, Grant, 992
- Hinman, Carroll S., 74n
, 90n
, 149n
, 168n
- Hirschtritt, Ralph, 711
- Hobson, Jesse, 109
- Ho Chi Minh, 54, 267, 727
- Holloway, Jerome K., 736n
- Holmes, Edward W., 780n
, 785n
, 786n
, 925, 952n
, 958n
, 959n
, 1107n
- Hood, Lord, 917
- Hooper, Henry J. C., 897n
- Hooper, Peter, Jr., 966n
, 992, 995n
, 1019n
, 1021n
, 1022n
, 1067n
-
Hoopes, Townsend W., 143, 203n
- Horan, Hume A., 67n
- Hornig, Donald F., 144–145, 146
- Horn of Africa (see also
Ethiopia; Ethiopia-Somalia
dispute; Somalia), 405
- Houphouet-Boigny, Felix, 389–391, 683, 723–724
- Hourani, Cecil, 219–220
- Houser, George, 751, 1020
- Hoyt, Michael P., 765n
, 851n
- Hughes, Cledwyn, 803–805
- Hughes, Lloyd, 874
-
Hughes, Thomas L., 12n
, 29n
, 411n
, 560n
, 604n
, 614n
, 615, 739,
1050n
, 1066n
, 1078n
- Human, Robert H., 765n
-
Humphrey, Hubert H., 220, 267, 383–40, 479–481, 568, 594, 685, 1101
- Hunt (UK), 669
- Husayn I, King of Jordan, 138
- Hutchinson, Edmond C., 101n
, 159, 160n
, 169n
, 219n
, 223n
, 224n
, 325n
- Hutchinson, Edward, 421
- Idris Al-Sanusi, Muhammad, King of Libya, 14,
138, 148n
- Johnson’s correspondence with, 71, 110–111
- Libya:
- Internal security situation, 141–142
- Mutual defense arrangement with U.S., proposed, 100n
- Political situation, 107–108
- U.S. military assistance, 140
- U.S. security guarantee, 110–111, 112, 140–141
- U.S. technical assistance, 142
- U.S.-U.K. military planning re, 141
- Middle East situation, 137–138
- Threatened abdication, 76, 82
- Visit to Turkey, 136–137
- Wheelus Air Base, 105–107
- Israel-related concerns of Libyans, 139
- Libyan Air Force and, 131–132, 139–140
- Libya’s public statements on termination of U.S. rights,
71
- Negotiations re, 104, 138–140
- U.S. discussions re, 87–88, 93–95, 105–107
- U.S. withdrawal issue, 100n
, 128
- Imhof, Johannes V., 20n
- Interdepartmental Regional Group for Africa, 191
- International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD). See World Bank.
- International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 684, 686
- International Court of Justice (ICJ), 965, 970, 1007–1008, 1055n
- International General Electric, 177
- International Monetary Fund (IMF), 159, 160, 469
- International Telecommunications Union, 367
- Ioanes, Raymond, 812n
- Iran, 145
-
Ironsi, Maj. Gen. Johnson Aguiyi,
615, 618n
- Israel (see also
Six-Day War), 137,
138, 223n
, 227, 230–231, 266
- Italy, 362
- Ivory Coast, 286, 389–391
- Iyalla, Amb., 406
- Iyassu Mengesha, Gen., 545, 574, 605
- Jackson, Sir Robert, 435, 436, 439
- Jacobs, George R., 812n
- Jacobs, Martin, 1093n
, 1097n
, 1101n
- Jacobsen, Jake, 829n
- James, Sir Morrice, 917
- Japan, 953
- Jarring, Gunnar, 598
- Javits, Jacob Kcob K., 369
- Jenkins, Walter, 982
-
Jernegan, John D., 50n
, 51, 53, 54, 55, 61
- Jerusalem, 138
-
Jessup, Peter, 735, 739, 779
-
Johnson, Charles E., 1006, 1030–1031, 1040n
- Johnson, Gen., 1109–1110
-
Johnson, Lyndon B., 54n
, 187n
- Action Program on African Development Policies and Programs:
- Algeria:
- Meeting with Guellal, 45–48
- U.S.-Algerian relations, 47–48
- U.S. food and agricultural assistance, 11, 36,
38, 49, 51, 56, 58,
60
- Congo, Republic of the, 369
- Ethiopia:
- Correspondence with Haile Selassie, 486, 488–489, 499–500, 549–550
- Meetings with Haile Selassie, 558, 560–566, 568
- Proposed meeting with Haile Selassie in 1966, 544n
, 546–550
- U.S. military assistance, 559,
564–566, 568
- Ethiopia-Somalia dispute, 497–500, 591
- Ghana:
- Aluminum plant project, 422–423
-
CIA covert operations,
alleged, 434
- Cocoa prices, 476–477
- Correspondence with Ankrah, 458–464, 472–473
- Correspondence with Nkrumah, 425–428, 433–434, 448–449
- Coup of 1966, 457
-
Harriman’s meeting
with Nkrumah, 432, 434, 435
- Meeting with Ankrah, 467, 473, 475–477
- Meeting with Quaison-Sackey, 447–449
- Meeting with Ribeiro, 432–433
-
Nkrumah’s Hanoi visit,
448–449
- Soviet military equipment provided to U.S., 463, 477
- U.S. Action Program, 419, 421
- U.S. development assistance, 464, 465, 476
- U.S. food and agricultural assistance, 457, 462, 482
- U.S. military assistance, 472,
476
- Volta River project, 418, 419, 424–425, 438, 440n
- Lesotho, 1084
- Libya:
- Bakkush’s proposed U.S. visit, 145, 146n
- Correspondence with Idris, 71,
110–111
- U.S. security guarantee, 110–111, 112
- U.S. technical assistance, 144
- Morocco, 154n
- Ben Barka kidnapping case, 180
- Economic development and private investment, 186
- Correspondence with Hassan, 155, 156, 184–187
- Meeting with Hassan, 183–184, 193–200
- Meeting with M’Hammedi, 180,
181–182
- U.S. food and agricultural assistance, 184, 186, 192–193, 198, 200
- U.S. military assistance, 192,
197, 206n
, 217, 218n
- Nigerian civil war, 661, 683, 686,
690n
- North Africa, 11
- Regional policy regarding Sub-Saharan Africa:
- Accomplishments of, 378
- Civil rights developments in U.S., African reaction to,
283
- Communist subversion concerns, 274
- Economic and political progress in newly independent
nations, 285
- Humphrey’s trip to Africa, 383
- Interest in African affairs, 304–307
- Meeting with African Ambassadors, 406–408
- Military takeovers of political power and, 322
- Proposed trip to Africa, 408–410
- Soft loan fund, participation in, 376
- Strengthened African Program, 298n
, 301, 305, 310, 313, 314–315, 319
- U.S. Negro leadership’s interest in, 288, 294
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against, 876, 892
- Commonwealth Conferences re, 919
- Correspondence with Kaunda, 883, 891n
, 962
- Correspondence with Wilson, 849–851, 859–860, 886–889, 890–891, 893–895, 903, 905–906, 914–916, 919–921, 923–924, 927–929, 955–956
- Economic sanctions, 897, 919, 950, 951n
- Failure of campaign, U.S. contingency planning re, 874, 939, 940, 941
- “Fearless” proposals, 962
- Meetings with Wilson, 870–874, 910–911
- Peace terms issue, 910–911
- Portugal’s concerns, 904–905, 907–908
- U.S. program of sanctions, 840, 846n
, 859–860
- Zambia, U.S.-U.K. assistance for, 860, 865, 873, 883, 884
- Zambia-Rhodesia border closing, 891n
- Rhodesian unilateral independence issue, 824
- Correspondence with Smith, 829–833
- Correspondence with Wilson, 813–814, 817, 829–830, 833–834
- UN actions re, 818
- U.S. policy re, 806
- U.S.-U.K. coordinated approach, 814, 815n
, 818
- Somalia, 497–498, 591–597
- South Africa:
- Civil aviation agreement with U.S., 1108
- Meeting with Oppenheimer, 1028–1029
- Nuclear energy program, 1082
-
UN actions re, 986
- U.S. military sales, 1005
- U.S. non-segregation policy for personnel in South Africa,
1030
- U.S. policy toward, 981, 982n
- U.S. ships’ port visits, 1051–1052
- U.S. space tracking stations in, 1030
- Verwoerd’s assassination, 1058n
- South West Africa, ICJ ruling re,
1052, 1053, 1055
- Tanzania-Zambia railroad, 799, 800
- Tunisia:
- Bourguiba’s U.S. visit, 242,
259, 265–271
- Correspondence with Bourguiba, 259–260, 263–264
- Meetings with Bourguiba, 265–271
- Meetings with Bourguiba, Jr., 227–229
- Turkey as source of military equipment, 270
- U.S. development assistance, 227–229, 241, 242, 271
- U.S. military assistance, 229,
245, 249, 252, 254n
, 272
- Vietnam war, 46–47, 448–449
- Wheelus Air Base:
-
Harriman’s assessment
of situation, 80–81
- Libya’s public statements on termination of U.S. rights,
71
- Negotiations re, 86
- U.S. action program re, 74,
83
- U.S. negotiating strategy, 72,
73, 82
- U.S. withdrawal issue, 96
- Johnson, Vice Adm. Nels C., 143–144
-
Johnson, U. Alexis, 281, 495, 544–546, 720–721, 729n
, 735, 738n
, 966n
, 968, 984n
, 1001
- Johnson, Vernon, 1005
- Johnson, W. Thomas, 687
- Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS):
- Ethiopia:
- Kagnew Station military base, 578–579, 606
- U.S. military assistance, 513–514
- Morocco:
- U.S. military assistance, 170–172, 205–206
- U.S. military contingency facility in, 174, 175
- Regional policy regarding Sub-Saharan Africa:
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against, 868–870
- South Africa, 695, 1072
- U.S. military involvement in support of UN actions,
possible, 1025–1026
- U.S. military sales, 979–981
- U.S. policy toward, 989–991
- U.S. ships’ port visits, 1089–1090
- Southern Africa region, U.S. policy re, 713–715
- Wheelus Air Base, 77–80
-
Jonathan, Chief Leabua, 1084–1085
-
Jones, G. Lewis, 20n
, 84, 85, 86, 90, 92, 93n
, 132n
- Jones, Jim, 146
- Jooste, G.P., 967, 969, 983–984
- Jordan Waters problem, 16
-
Judd, Thomas M., 90n
, 93n
, 114n
, 122n
, 125n
, 132n
, 574n
, 640n
, 765n
, 788, 792n
, 795n
, 797n
, 807n
, 812n
, 834n
, 838n
, 995n
- Junior, Lewis D., 600n
- Junkermann, Col., 492n
, 511n
- Kagnew Station military base. See under Ethiopia.
- Kahin, Ismail, 551
- Kaiser, Edgar, 412, 415, 418, 422–423, 424–425, 439
-
Kaiser, Philip M., 796n
, 809n
, 810n
, 820–821,
908, 942
- Kalanda, Mabika, 772
- Kamanda, 773
-
Kapwepwe, Simon, 358, 790–792, 882n
- Karumearume (Nigeria), 276, 611
- Kassel, Carlos, 780
- Katsina, Gen., 654, 655
- Katzenbach, Nicholas deB., 191n
, 267, 273,
473n
, 658n
, 686n
, 952n
, 1067n
, 1068n
, 1084, 1097n
- Action Program on African Development Policies and Programs, 363–365, 366–368
- Algeria, 60
- Ethiopia, 548, 554–556, 562, 566–567, 568,
576–577,
606, 608–609
- Ghana, 466–467, 473–475, 478–479
- Horn of Africa, proposed U.S.-Soviet arms freeze, 553–554
- Libya, 135, 146
- Morocco, 197–200, 214, 217
- Nigerian civil war, 659, 662, 664,
666–667,
688, 690
- Nigerian political crisis, 632–633, 649
- Portuguese Africa, 785
- Regional policy regarding Sub-Saharan Africa, 368–369, 376–377, 410n
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against, 921, 925–927, 946–947, 950–951, 956
- Somalia, 591–592
- South Africa, 1089, 1090–1091,
1094, 1108, 1109–1110
- South West Africa, 1091n
, 1099–1100
- Southern Africa region, U.S. policy re, 705, 707, 710, 711–712
- Wheelus Air Base, 125–128
-
Kaunda, Kenneth D., 374, 395–396, 766, 778, 791, 799, 800, 825, 844n
, 849, 851,
875, 881n
, 883, 886,
891, 894, 922–923, 956–957, 962
- Keeny, Spurgeon, 1040n
-
Keita, Modibo, 150, 330
- Kenitra naval communications center, 151, 152, 153, 198
- Kennedy, Col., 123n
, 134n
, 781n
- Kennedy, Edward, 4, 688, 689
- Kennedy, John F., 69, 70, 183, 420, 426, 963–964, 968, 1000
-
Kennedy, Robert F., 279n
, 327, 721,
729n
, 734, 735,
742, 1058, 1091–1092
- Kent, Donald J., 451n
- Kent, Sherman, 423, 471
- Kenya, 275, 277,
286, 374, 506, 539, 865, 866, 867
- Ethiopia, relations with, 488
- Humphrey’s visit, 400–402
- Somalia, relations with, 509, 582–588, 591 -91–592, 594,
597, 600
-
Kenyatta, Jomo, 275, 277, 283, 374, 400–401, 590, 663, 850, 894
- Khama, Seretse, 692–693
- Khartoum Conference of 1967, 137
- Khoja, Fathi, 137
- Khrushchev, Nikita S., 88, 436, 500–501
- Killick, John, 838–839, 874
- King, Bayard, 781n
- King, Martin Luther, Jr., 295, 296
- King, Samuel, 270
- Kingsley, Rolfe, 779
- Kinsey, William C., 795n
, 797n
, 807n
, 819n
, 851n
- Kintner, Bob, 562
- Kipping, Sir N., 850
- Kirn, Rear Aear Adm. L. J., 170–172
- Kissinger, Col., 254n
, 589n
-
Kitchen, Jeffrey C., 114, 115, 116, 117–118, 121n
, 125n
, 149n
, 203n
, 278, 542n
, 966n
, 971n
, 1000, 1021n
, 1081
- Kleine, Herman, 20n
, 163n
, 540n
, 754n
- Klibi, Chedli, 269
-
Kohler, Foy D., 132n
, 191n
, 774, 779,
945, 955, 1081, 1095n
-
Komer, Robert W., 169n
, 173n
, 181n
, 300n
, 692n
, 797n
, 799n
, 819n
, 836n
, 858n
, 865n
, 885n
, 1022n
, 1040n
, 1045n
- Algeria, 16–18, 25n
, 30–33,
34, 38–39, 40, 45, 46, 49, 51, 52–53
- Ethiopia, 526–527,
- Ghana, 447, 457–458
- Libya, 72, 101–102, 110, 119
- Morocco, 153, 155, 157, 158–159, 160
- Nigeria, 613
- Regional policy regarding sub-Saharan Africa, 294, 296,
298, 302, 306–307, 313–314, 322–323
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against, 852–858, 874–875, 876n
, 882, 884, 889n
, 890, 892, 893n
, 895, 897–898
- Rhodesian unilateral independence issue, 806–807, 814–815, 825, 827
- South Africa, 1031, 1038, 1047–1048, 1049n
- Tanzania-Zambia railroad, 798–799, 800–801
- Tunisia, 219–225, 222, 225, 235
- Wheelus Air Base, 72, 76, 82, 85-5–87, 96–97, 103, 104
- Koren, Henry T., 615–617
-
Korry, Edward M., 250, 304, 490n
, 500n
, 549n
- Action Program on African Development Policies and Programs, 326, 331–333, 334n
, 349
- Ethiopia:
- Dinke’s defection to U.S., 532
-
Harriman’s meeting
with Haile Selassie, 527–529
- Johnson’s meetings with Haile Selassie, 563, 568
- Johnson’s proposed meeting with Haile Selassie in 1966,
544n
- Policing functions in Africa, 515n
- Political reforms, U.S. encouragement of, 533, 534–535
- “Shake down” policy re U.S. assistance, 526
- U.K. military sales, 574n
- U.S. military assistance, 486,
510–511, 512n
, 514n
, 524–526, 567, 569–571
- Ethiopia-Somalia dispute, 493n
- Nigerian poisis, 651
-
Korry Report, 334–349
- Koumanelis, Steve, 765n
, 767n
- Kranich, Robert H., 542n
- Kriebel, P. Wesley, 995n
, 1022n
- Krim, Belkacem, 67–68
- Krogh, Peter F., F., 1086
- Kubisch, Jack B., 1107n
- Ladgham, Bahi, 254n
- Lampson, Edward T., 693n
, 762n
, 769n
, 1044n
- Lancaster, Bruce, 886n
, 888n
- Landau, George W., 197n
, 767n
, 769n
, 774n
, 781n
, 785n
, 946n
-
Lang, William E., 93n
, 114n
, 125n
, 163n
, 169n
, 174, 206n
, 234n
, 254n
, 288n
, 308n
, 310n
, 515n
, 516n
, 540n
, 542n
, 560n
, 694n
, 705
-
Laraki, Ahmed, 177, 188–190, 196, 203n
, 206–210
- Lardner, Col., 754n
, 765n
- Lawrence, Vinton, 738
-
Leddy, John M., 112n
, 113, 308n
, 754n
, 759n
, 819n
, 823, 874,
917, 923n
, 943n
, 946n
, 1081
- Lee, Arthur R., 100n
- Leffingwell, William M., 510–511
- Lengema, Marcel, 716, 772
- Lennon, J.H., 38
-
Leonhart, William, 739–740, 779
- Leroy, Michel, 67–68
- Lesotho, 701–702,
1084–1085
- Lewis, William, 501n
- Liberation movements of Southern Africa. See
Nationalist movements of Southern Africa.
- Liberia, 286, 391–392, 970n
- Libya (see also
North Africa; Wheelus Air
Base), 9, 72,
80, 82, 286
- Bakkush’s proposed U.S. visit, 145–146, 147–148
- Economic situation, 5
- Idris’ threatened abdication, 76, 82
- Intelligence report on, 107–108
- Internal security situation, 141–142
- Johnson’s correspondence with Idris, 71, 110–111
- Mutual defense arrangement with U.S., proposed, 100n
, 101
- Newsom’s appointment as Ambassador, 110n
- Oil issues, 8
- Political situation, 14–15, 107–108
-
Rusk’s meeting with Bishti,
142–143
- Six-Day War and, 125–128
- Tunisia, relations with, 222–223, 234–235
- U.K. military presence, 72, 83, 105, 113, 121–123
- U.S. action program, 101–102, 105
- U.S. development assistance, 69–70, 108–109
- U.S. military assistance, 140, 142–143, 147
- U.S. security guarantee, 110–111, 112,
113, 140–141
- U.S. technical assistance, 6, 120, 135–136, 142,
144–145
- U.S.-U.K. military planning re, 114–119, 141
- Licht, Irving H., 785n
-
Lightner, E. Allen, Jr., 73n
, 84, 86, 88n
, 95, 97n
, 99n
, 100n
, 104, 105–107, 110n
- Little, Edward, 501n
- Lloyd, Wingate, 212
- Lockheed Aircraft Corporation, 999–1005
- Logan, Alan, 786
-
Looram, Matthew J., 121n
, 538n
, 540n
, 542n
, 544n
, 546, 551,
553n
, 556n
, 560n
, 564n
, 574n
, 575n
, 580n
, 586n
, 589n
, 595n
, 596, 597n
, 600n
, 650n
, 722n
, 729n
, 736n
, 751n
, 759n
- Lukumbuzya, 786
- Lusinde, 740
- Maaziq, Husayn Yusuf. See Maziq, Husayn
Yusuf.
- Mabunda, David, 753
- MacCracken, John G., 600n
- MacDonald, Malcolm, 629, 849, 891, 922
- Machuirili, Immanuel G. N., 1104
-
MacKnight, Jesse M., 743n
, 751n
, 792n
, 813n
, 966n
, 1022n
-
Mahoney, William P., Jr., 411, 413n
, 421, 422,
424, 428–431, 436, 443 443–446
- Malawi, 697–698,
701–702
- Mali, 329, 330
- Malik, Yacov A., 500
- Malmborg, Knute, 201n
, 254n
- Mandefro, Ayalew, 546
- Mandela, Nelson, 983, 992
- Manert, Bernard, 780
- Manhard, Philip W., 43n
-
Mann, Thomas C., 51, 54, 120, 850, 876–880, 881n
, 883n
, 884, 890,
897n
, 902n
, 1040, 1047, 1048–1049
- Marcum, John, 746, 780
-
Marks, Leonard H., 195, 384, 1053
- Marshall, Thurgood, 384
- Martin, Gen., 125n
-
Martins, N. Ade, 621, 652–653, 664n
, 665–667
-
Mathews, Elbert G., 619, 623, 624n
, 626–631,
643–648, 651–652, 664, 667–669, 671–675
- Mattingly, Gen., 259
- Mauritania, 4, 286
- Mauritius, 329
- Mayaki, Amb., 406
- Mayers, Daniel K., 861n
-
Maziq, Husayn Yusuf, 84, 85–86, 99, 106, 138, 141
- Mbindi, Gabriel, 1104
- McAfee, William, 365, 782
-
McBride, Robert H., 774, 775–778
- McCarthy, Eugene, 378, 685, 689
- McClanahan, Grant, 69n
, 87n
, 108n
, 232n
, 234n
, 264n
, 273
-
McClelland, Roswell D., 795, 808n
, 810–811,
831n
, 833, 838
- McClintic, Stephen H., 151n
, 154n
- McCloskey, Robert J., 18n
, 179–180
-
McCone, John A., 34n
, 74n
, 279n
, 291, 297n
, 509n
, 729n
, 738, 740n
, 988n
- McCormack, John, 689
- McDonald, David L., 868–870
-
McElhiney, Thomas W., 308n
, 743n
, 765n
, 767n
, 774n
, 834n
, 838n
, 844n
, 84
883n, 929n
, 943n
- McHenry, Donald, 693n
, 785n
, 1076n
, 1093n
, 1097n
- McKesson, John A., 780n
- McKillop, David H., 743n
-
McNamara, Robert S., 694, 729n
, 824, 849,
873
- Ethiopia:
- Morocco, 165n
, 170, 205
- Portuguese Africa, 691, 734
- Regional policy regarding Sub-Saharan Africa, 279, 280,
286, 316
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against, 868
- South Africa, 692, 979, 989,
1002, 1005, 1025–1026, 1072
- South West Africa, 1053
- Southern Africa region, U.S. policy re, 713
- Tunisia, 231, 232n
, 235, 240, 247, 249
- Wheelus Air Base, 74, 77
-
McNaughton, John T., 165n
, 280, 315n
, 316n
, 558–559,
694–696, 978n
- McPherson, Gen., 704
- Meade, Frazier, 92n
- Meagher, John P., 586n
, 743n
- Meeker, Leonard C., 1044n
, 1056n
, 1057
- Megna, Col. Philip, 254n
, 544n
- Meinecke, William H., 254n
, 264n
-
Melbourne, Roy M., 472n
, 473n
, 478n
, 618n
, 620n
, 625n
, 632n
, 634n
, 640n
, 649n
, 650n
, 652n
, 665n
, 676–681
- Melone, Harry R., 358
- Menzies, Robert, 889
- Merchant, Livingston, 353, 354, 362
- Meyers, Howard, 90n
, 114n
, 515n
, 966n
, 1021n
- Meyers, Robert, 738
- Mgonja, C. Y., 360
- M’Hammedi, Driss, 156n
, 170n
, 178–179,
180, 181–182
- Mifima, Solomon, 1089
- Milas, Leo, 753
- Milner, Col. James W., 693n
- Mitchell, Derek, 872, 873, 874
-
Mobutu, Lt. Gen. Joseph D., 328, 368–369, 394–395, 472, 474, 771–772, 773, 778
- Mohallim Mohamed, Omar, 597
- Mohamed, Sheikh Ali, 597
- Mohamoud, Ahmed Mohamed, 596
- Mondale, Walter, 689
-
Mondlane, Eduardo, 739–740, 741, 742, 747, 751, 779
- Montague, F. Virginia, 958n
- Moor, Carol C., 232n
- Moore, Bob, 67, 68n
, 684, 786,
956
- Morell, William N., Jr., 1061n
- Morin, Laurent E., 64
- Morocco (see also
North Africa), 1, 2, 9, 497
- Algerian coup of 1965, 42–43
- Algerian military threat, 17–18, 32, 149–151, 154n
, 158, 161, 163, 170–171, 188, 189,
196–197,
203–205,
207–210
- Ben Barka kidnapping case, 52, 179–182, 210
- Cuba, trade with, 153, 193, 200–201, 210
- Economic development and private investment, 177–179, 182, 185,
186
- Economic situation, 155, 158–162
- France, relations with, 163, 180–182
- Germany (FRG), relations with,
167, 176
-
Harriman’s visit, 187–188
- Johnson’s correspondence with Hassan, 155, 156, 184–187
- Johnson’s meeting with Hassan, 183–184, 193–200
- Johnson’s meeting with M’Hammedi, 180,
181–182
- Manganese exports to U.S., 154
- Military situation, 14
- Mutual defense arrangement with U.S., proposed, 3–4, 211
- Nonalignment policy, 166, 167–168, 173
- Political situation, 13, 175–177
-
Rusk’s meeting with Benhima,
166–167
-
Rusk’s meeting with Laraki,
188–190
-
Rusk’s meeting with Prince
Moulay Abdullah, 177–179
- Six-Day War and, 207
- Soviet Union, relations with, 149n
, 164, 187, 189–190
- Spain, relations with, 182
- Territorial claims, 4, 5
- Tunisia, relations with, 221
- U.S. economic development assistance, 5,
168–169
- U.S. food and agricultural assistance, 169, 184–185, 186,
192–193,
194–195,
198, 200–201, 216
- U.S. military assistance, 149–151, 157,
163–165,
169–172,
191, 192, 197, 199, 201–210, 212–218
- U.S. military contingency facility in, 174, 175
- U.S. withdrawal from military bases, 151–152
- Voice of America relay transmitter in, 195, 198
- Morris, Donald R., 544n
, 925, 1067n
, 1069n
-
Morris, Roger, 406n
, 590n
, 688, 689–690, 960–961
- Morton, Byron B., 1083n
- Moulay Abdullah, Prince of Morocco, 177–179
- El Mouldi, Ferid, 224, 248
-
Moyers, Bill, 304–305, 327, 447, 455n
, 458n
, 486, 871,
874
- Mozambique. See
Portuguese Africa.
- Mufti, Ibrahim el, 360
- Mulcahy, Edward W., 538n
, 759n
, 790, 792,
803, 809n
, 812n
, 881n
-
Muller, Hilgard, 921, 929, 969, 975, 995, 1006, 1026–1028, 1036, 1039, 1077, 1083, 1086–1087
- Muller, Willard, 484n
, 488n
, 516n
, 520n
- Multer, Abraham J., 376
-
Muntasir, Mahmud, 86, 97n
, 98, 99, 104, 106–107
- Murray, Donald, 942
- Murumbi, Joseph, 358, 361
- Mutumbulua, Jason D., 1104
- Myerson, Jacob, 819n
- Nabrit, James M., 360
- Nasser, Gamal Abdel, 13, 71n
, 72, 81, 82, 187–188, 220, 230, 234n
, 238, 261–263, 283, 528
- National Academy of Sciences, 367
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 694, 971n
, 985, 997,
1035, 1045,
1046–1047
- National Intelligence Estimates (see also Special National Intelligence
Estimates):
- NIE 36.5–65, 107–108
- NIE 60–1–66, 330–331
- NIE 60–66, 1–2
- NIE 60/70–65, 297–298
- NIE 62–64, 35–36
- NIE 64.2–65, 613–614
- NIE 64.2–68, 682
- NIE 70–1–67, 698–700
- NIE 73–67, 1077–1078
- NIE 75/76–64, 509–510
- NIE 75/76–67, 572–573
- Nationalist movements of Southern Africa (see also Portuguese Africa), 698–700
- National Security Action Memorandums:
- National Security Council (NSC):
-
Naude, Willem C., 963–965, 974n
, 1026, 1027, 1031n
- Negro leadership in America, interest in U.S. African policy, 288–289, 294, 295, 296
- Neilson, Waldemar, 327
- Nelson, Charles J., 43n
, 50n
, 168n
, 225n
-
Neo-Colonialism (Nkrumah), 451–452
- Neuman, Robert H., 123n
, 125n
, 132n
- New Policy for Africa. See Strengthened African
Program.
- Newman, Cecil, 384
-
Newsom, David D., 16n
, 18n
, 20n
, 29n
, 30n
, 69n
, 71n
, 74n
, 84n
, 90n
, 92n
, 93n
, 97n
, 100n
, 102, 123n
, 149n
, 163n
, 175n
, 220n
, 484n
, 488n
, 491n
, 492n
, 494n
, 496n
, 497n
, 499n
, 501n
, 502n
, 504n
, 507n
, 511n
, 515n
, 516n
- Ethiopia, 521–522
- Libya:
- Appointment as Ambassador, 110n
- Internal security situation, 141–142
- U.K. military presence, 122n
- U.S. military assistance, 140
- Newsom, David D.—Continued
- U.S. security guarantee, 140–141
- U.S. technical assistance, 120, 142
- U.S.-U.K. military planning re, 141
- Middle East situation, 137–138
- Wheelus Air Base:
- Nigeria (see also
Nigerian civil war; Nigerian
political crisis), 166, 222, 284, 286, 328, 346, 474, 610–611, 614, 983
- Nigerian civil war, 368, 372–373
- Economic consequences, 682
- Evacuation of foreigners, 657, 659–660
- Gowan’s spokesman to see Johnson, proposed, 668–669
- Humanitarian assistance, 683–690
-
Humphrey’s proposed visit to
Nigeria and, 669–670
- Intelligence report on, 682
- Johnson’s correspondence with Gowon, 686
- Mediation efforts, 477, 683, 690
- Military purchases by belligerents, 663–665, 667–668, 674–675, 679–680
- Onset of, 658, 659
- Recognition of Biafra issue, 661
- U.S. development assistance and, 674
- U.S.-Nigerian discussions re U.S. policy, 662, 665–667
- U.S. nonintervention policy, 658, 671–681
- U.S. public attitude toward, 672, 684–685
- Nigerian political crisis (see also
Nigerian civil war):
- Aburi agreements, 634n
, 638–640, 643
- Autonomy offer for Eastern region, 641–642, 643–644
- Confederation option, 640
- Countercoup of July, 1966, 618–619
- Coup of January 1966, 615–617
- Economic warfare, 645, 649, 655
- Elections of 1964, 612
- Federal government’s requests for international support, 636–637, 652–653
- Foreigners’ departure from Eastern region, 643, 644–645
- Iboland option, 648
- Intelligence reports on, 613–614, 622
- Mediation efforts, 613, 630, 632–634, 637,
640, 643–644, 647, 649,
650–651,
656
- Military conflict, prospects for, 629–631, 636–637, 646
- Political prohibitions, 617
- Secession issue, 619, 620–621, 623, 626–629, 645–646, 647–648, 649
- U.S. analysis of, 654–656
- U.S. military assistance, requests for, 634–635
- U.S. policy re, 624, 625–626, 637–638, 653, 656–657
- U.S.-U.K. consultations re, 640–641, 651–652
- Nilsen, Sylvia E., 201n
-
Nitze, Paul R., 606–607, 608, 707–708, 779, 1051, 1071, 1089–1090
-
Nkrumah, Kwame, 468, 611, 805
- Assassination attempt on, 411, 423
- Ghana, 413–414, 438, 459
- Aluminum plant project, 422
- Anti-American campaign, 411,
412, 420, 424n
, 428–429, 444–446, 451–452
-
CIA covert operations,
alleged, 411n
, 426, 429–430, 432–433
- Corruption problem, 429
- Coup of 1966, 453–454, 455, 458–459
- Foreign investment policy, 426–427, 438–439
- Non-alignment policy, 426
- Socialist policies, 426–427, 430, 435–436
- Soviet Union, relations with, 429, 430 430
- Volta River project, 435, 439
- Williams’ meeting with Nkrumah, 450–451
- Hanoi visit, 448–449
-
Harriman’s meeting with, 435–436
- Johnson’s correspondence with, 425–428, 433–434, 448–449
-
Kaiser’s meeting with, 424–425
-
Mahoney’s meetings with,
428–431,
444–446
- Mental instability, 413, 418, 445
-
Nogueira, Franco, 718, 719, 720n
, 724n
, 734, 744,
750, 754–755, 758n
, 761n
, 781n
, 787, 946–947
- North Africa (see also
Algeria; Libya; Morocco; Tunisia), 404–405
- Arms race, 3–4, 10
- Border problems, 4
- Economic development, 5–6
- Food problems, 5
- Historical-cultural overview, 7–8
- Intelligence reports on, 1–2, 12–15
-
NSC meeting on, 9–11
- Oil and gas production, 8
- Polarization problem, 4
- Radicals vs. moderates in, 15
- Regional defensive arrangement, proposed, 237
- Regional economic cooperation, 6
- Six-Day War and, 12, 370–371
- Strategic importance, 3
- U.S. policy toward, 6–8, 11
- Nouakchott Conference of 1965, 446
- Nowfel, Camille, 196
- Nuclear free zone issue, 28, 280–282, 315–317
-
Nujoma, Sam, 1088–1089
-
Nyerere, Julius, 275, 276, 277, 374, 743–745, 800, 801, 850, 875, 1000
- Nzeogwu, Maj. Kaduna, 615
- Obote, Milton, 275, 277, 328, 374, 851
- Occidental Petroleum, 177
- Ocran, Gen., 639
- Odaka, Samuel, 358
- Ogbu, 647, 648
- Ohin, Amb., 406
-
Ojukwu, Lt. Col. Chukwuemeka
Odumegwu, 618n
- Nigerian civil war, 684
- Nigerian political crisis:
- Aburi agreements, 638–640, 643
- Autonomy offer for Eastern region, 641–642, 643–644
- Countercoup of July 1966, 618–619
- Economic warfare, 645
- Foreigners’ departure from Eastern region, 644–645
- Mediation efforts, 634n
, 643–644
- Military conflict, prospects for, 629–630, 646
- Secession issue, 620, 623, 627–628, 645–646
- U.S. policy, 637–638
- U.S. analysis of, 654–655
- U.S. public attitude toward, 672
- Olds, Herbert V., 504n
- Omar, Haji Farah Ali, 596
- O’Neill, W. Paul, Jr., 240, 487n
, 956
- Oppenheimer, Harry, 1028–1029
- Organization of African and Malagasy States (OCAM), 381
- Organization of African Unity (OAU), 219, 285, 338–339, 381, 506
- Civil rights developments in U.S., African reaction to, 283
- Ethiopia-Somalia dispute, 491, 503
- Johnson’s speech to OAU Ambassadors, 324–327
- Nigerian civil war, 683, 685
- Nuclear free zone issue, 280, 282n
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against, 849, 853n
-
Roberto’s assessment of, 775–776
- Ormsby-Gore, Sir David, 418
- O’Sheel, Patrick, 1031n
-
Osman, Ahmed, 206, 212–213
-
O’Sullivan, James L., 716, 743n
, 745–746,
751n
- Otto, Johannes G., 1104
- Otu, Gen., 443, 454
- Oufkir, Mohammed, 13, 52, 181, 203n
, 204, 221
- Oulashin, Eric E., 92n
, 488n
- Owen, Henry D., 705–706, 709, 710, 712
- Palabora Mining Company, 996
- Paliser, Michael, 908
-
Palmer, Joseph, II, 9n
, 125n
, 132n
, 134n
, 196, 197n
, 203n
, 215n
, 260n
, 263n
, 264n
, 270, 325n
, 463n
, 472n
, 473n
, 478, 538n
, 540n
, 544n
, 551, 553n
, 585n
, 588, 596,
597n
, 625n
, 632n
, 634n
, 636n
, 641n
, 650n
, 658n
, 686n
, 774n
, 781n
, 923n
, 926, 945,
1055, 1056n
, 1057, 1061n
, 1069n
, 1073n
, 1083n
, 1099n
, 1101n
, 1106n
, 1107n
, 1108n
- Action Program on African Development Policies and Programs, 350, 363,
364
- Algeria, 11, 60, 61
- Ethiopia, 546–547, 580
- Ethiopia-Somalia dispute, 586–588
-
Palmer, Joseph,
II—Continued
- Libya, 120
- Morocco, 189, 191, 206–210, 211,
212–213,
214
- Nigerian civil war, 660, 669, 676,
684, 688n
- Nigerian political crisis, 620–621
- Portuguese Africa, 779
- Regional policy regarding sub-Saharan Africa, 408
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against, 956–957
- Somalia, 495, 496
- Southern Africa region, U.S. policy re, 708–709, 712
- South West Africa, 1059–1060, 1086–1087
- Tunisia, 243n
, 248
- Pan-African Military School, 286–288
- Pape, Thomas, 754n
- Pauluku, Gov., 773
- Pearson, Sen., 689, 1048
- Pearson, Lester, 889
- Peel, Amb., 406
- Pelletreau, Robert H., 29n
, 455n
- Peters, Cmdr., 201n
, 254n
- Peterson, Jorge, 772
- Pfund, Peter H., 846n
- Phillips, Richard I., 43n
, 417, 788
- Pinckney, Maj., 122n
- Pinkston, Gen., 516n
- Pinto Ramos, Sebastien, 776
- Player, Adger E., 414
- Plimpton, 984, 992n
- Poats, Rutherford, 704
- Polansky, Sol, 87n
, 504n
- Polk, Leslie D., 101n
, 243n
- Pollack, Herman, 1045n
- Pompidou, Georges, 180
-
Popper, David H., 764, 931, 1044n
, 1059n
, 1073n
, 1081, 1093n
- Porson, S., 188
-
Porter, William J., 18, 20n
, 24–25, 36–37, 38, 39, 44n
- Portugal (see also
Portuguese Africa), 780–782, 803, 887, 904–905, 907–908, 938, 942, 946–947
- Portuguese Africa (see also
Southern Africa region, U.S. policy re), 371
- African-Portuguese talks, proposed, 691, 717–720, 722–724, 737–738, 761–762
- Anderson Plan for self-determination, 754–758, 760
- Azores issue, 691, 693–694, 734, 750
- Communist assistance for nationalist movements, 716, 717,
720, 753
- Economic burden on Portugal, 754
- Gilpatric’s report on, 748–749
- Internal dissension in nationalist movements, 723, 726,
730, 745–746, 759, 772,
777
- “Manifesto” of nationalist movements, 776–777
- Mondlane’s U.S. visit, 742
- Political action program for nationalist movements, proposed, 729–735
- Portugal’s policy toward, 730–731
- Portugal’s reform program in, 736–737
- Portugal’s use of U.S./NATO military equipment, 765–768
- Refugee problem, 775
- Regional effects of fighting, 743–745, 765–768, 771–773
-
Rusk’s meetings with
Portuguese leaders, 786–787
- Self-determination issue, 717–720, 722–724, 738,
754–758,
759–763
-
UN actions re, 759–764, 769
- U.S. contacts with nationalist leaders, 739–740, 742, 751,
774, 775–778, 779
- U.S. covert support for nationalist movements, 720–721, 724–728, 738–739, 742–743, 770–771, 780–782
- U.S. education program for Angolan refugees, 776
- U.S. military assistance for Portugal and, 749–750, 785, 786
- U.S. objectives re, 701, 703, 731,
743–745
- U.S. reports on nationalist movements, 740–741, 752–754, 783–784
- Wright’s views re, 747
- Post, Albert, 254n
, 264n
- Post, Richard St. F., 492n
, 499n
, 502n
, 504n
- Prain, Sir Ronald, 791
- Pratt, James W., 553n
- Proctor, Samuel, 384
- Pumphrey, 957
- al-Qadhaafi, Wanis, 148n
- Quaison-Sackey, 447–449
-
Quimby, Thomas H. E., 600n
, 782, 785n
, 952, 955,
1102n
- Quinn, Harry A., 754n
- Quist-Therson, E. C., 466
- Rabida, Albert A., 201n
- Radziwill, Stanislaus, 735
- Randall, Clarence H., 995
- Randolph, Phil, 296
-
Read, Benjamin H., 3n
, 9n
, 151n
, 279n
, 281–282,
404n
, 831n
, 845–846,
849n
, 914n
, 923n
, 929n
, 949n
, 955n
, 1032n
, 1038, 1041n
- Reddy, 1094
- Reed, Eugene M., 154n
, 560n
- Regional policy regarding Sub-Saharan Africa (see
also
Action Program on African Development Policies and
Programs):
- Accomplishments of, 378–381 381
- Arms control initiative, 355–357
-
CIA covert operations, 290–293, 365–366
- Civil rights developments in U.S., African reaction to, 283–284
- Communist subversion concerns, 274,
275–277,
297–298,
329, 331, 382–383, 404–405
- Economic and political progress in newly independent nations, 285–286
-
Humphrey’s trip to Africa,
383–404
- Independence and majority rule, support for, 313–314, 315, 327,
358–361
- Internal security assistance, 279–280
- Johnson’s interest in African affairs, 304–307
- Johnson’s meeting with African Ambassado06-408
- Johnson’s proposed trip to Africa, 408–410
- Military take-overs of political power and, 320–323
- Military training school, 286–288
- Military transport flights, 278
- New Policy for Africa. See Strengthened
African Program below.
- Nuclear free zone issue, 280–282, 315–317
- Problem areas for U.S., 297–298, 328
-28–330,
368–375,
404–406
-
Rusk’s meeting with African
Foreign Ministers, 358–361
- Soft loan fund, participation in, 376–377
- Strengthened African Program, 298–303, 305,
308–315,
318–319
- Telecommunications system for Africa, proposed, 304
- U.S. Negro leadership’s interest in, 288–289, 294, 295,
296
- West African radicalism and, 330–331
- Rehfeld, Eric, 785n
- Reinertson, John E., 763n
, 764n
- Reis, Herbert K., 1102n
- Resnick, Congressman, 638, 664
- Reuter, Dick, 184, 185
- Reuther, Victor, 1021
- Rhodesia (see also
Rhodesian government, international campaign
against; Rhodesian unilateral independence
issue), 313, 328, 368, 371
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against:
- Africans in Rhodesia and, 926
- Commonwealth Conferences re, 885, 886, 887–888, 893,
895, 914–916, 917, 919
- Consulates’ withdrawal from Rhodesia, 952–953
- Economic sanctions (see also
Oil embargo and
U.S. program of sanctions
below
), 809–810, 823, 850, 855,
861–862,
874, 929n
, 930, 931
- Extended mandatory sanctions, 947–951, 954
- Impact on Rhodesia, 847–848, 886–888, 892, 908–909, 944
- Mandatory UN sanctions,
695, 866–867, 879–880, 912–913, 914, 915, 917, 919, 936–937, 938, 947–948
- Rejection of sanctions by Portugal and South Africa, 938, 942–943, 946–947
- Rhodesia’s retaliatory measures, 859, 938
- Time-related concerns, 877–880, 897–898
- U.K. strategy, 885, 896n
- Failure of campaign, U.S. contingency planning re, 874–875, 939–942
- Famine relief, 888–889
- “Fearless” proposals, 956–958, 960–961, 962
- Intelligence reports on, 826, 930, 938,
954
- Johnson’s correspondence with Kaunda, 883, 891n
, 962
- Johnson’s correspondence with Wilson, 849–851, 859–860, 886–889, 890–891, 893–895, 903, 905–906, 914–916, 919–921, 923–924, 927–929, 955–956
- Johnson’s meetings with Wilson, 870–874, 910–911
- Military options, 843, 856, 868–870, 876–877, 882,
922–923,
940
- Naval blockade option, 877, 880
- Oil embargo, 846–847, 850,
860–861,
862–863,
864, 865, 867, 872, 873, 901–902, 946
- Peace terms issue, 887, 895, 910–911
- Portugal’s concerns, 904–905, 907–908
- Rhodesians’ reaction, 848
- Rhodesia’s Information Office in U.S. and, 897
- South Africa’s contacts with Rhodesians, 920–921, 923, 929–930
- U.K. contingency planning, 822–824
- U.K. interests and objectives, 934,
945
- U.K. military presence in Zambia, 849–852, 894, 904–905
- U.K.-Rhodesia negotiations, 877, 902, 902,
903, 905–906, 911n
, 922, 923–924, 927–929, 943, 944,
955–956,
961n
- U.K. tobacco problem, 812–813
-
UN actions re, 695, 843n
, 847n
, 865, 866–867, 879–880, 901–902, 931, 949–953, 958,
959
- U.S. analyses of Rhodesian situation, 932–937, 943–945
- U.S. contingency planning, 797–798, 823
- U.S. interests and objectives, 934,
945
- U.S. limits on involvement, 898–901
- U.S. program of sanctions, 840–842, 845–846, 859–860, 865, 890
- U.S. refusal to recognize government, 839
- U.S.-South Africa discussion, 1064–1065
- U.S. stake in outcome, 852–858
- U.S.-U.K. discussions (see also
Johnson’s meetings with Wilson
above
), 860–863, 895–896, 908–909, 917–918, 922–923, 925–927, 942–943
-
Wilson’s meeting with Kaunda,
891, 894
- Zambia, U.S.-U.K. assistance for, 804,
806, 824, 862, 863, 864–865, 866,
872, 873, 879, 881, 882, 883, 884,
886, 898, 909
- Zambia-Rhodesia border closing, 891,
894
- Zambia-Rhodesia economic warfare, 843,
844, 855–856, 877–878, 881, 886
- Zambia’s economic decline due to, 938,
954
- Rhodesian unilateral independence issue:
- Agitation in Rhodesia, 801–802
- Johnson’s correspondence with Smith, 829–833
- Johnson’s correspondence with Wilson, 813–814, 817, 829–830, 833–834
- Rhodesia’s declaration of independence, 838–839
- Rhodesia’s position, 820–821
- Royal Commission of Inquiry, 830, 831n
, 834–836
- U.K. conditions for granting independence, 835n
- U.K.-Rhodesia negotiations, 803, 813–814, 824–825, 829–830, 833–834
-
UN actions re, 794–795, 818, 825,
843n
- U.S. policy re, 701, 702, 801–802, 806–807
- U.S. response to Rhodesia’s declaration, 836–837
- U.S.-U.K. coordinated approach, 792–794, 800, 803–805, 809–810, 813–818, 828
- U.S.-U.K. protests, 788–789
- Zambia’s concerns, 790–792, 806
- Ribeiro, Miguel Augustus, 425n
, 432–433,
447–448, 451–452
- Rivonia Trial, 983–984, 992
-
Roberto, Holden, 291, 716, 717, 723, 726, 729, 741, 745, 746, 759n
, 770–773,
774, 775–778
- Rogers, William D., 851n
, 861n
- Roll, Sir Eric, 788, 860, 861
- Rollefson, Arthur M., 971–972
- Roosevelt, Archibald, 779
-
Root, John F., 40, 50n
, 64–68, 114, 116, 118, 122n
, 123n
, 124n
, 125n
, 132n
, 134n
, 181n
, 196, 197n
, 201n
, 203n
, 212–213,
215n
, 243n
, 254n
, 260n
, 264n
, 270, 273
-
Rostow, Eugene V., 132n
, 203n
, 263n
, 273, 709–710, 917, 971n
, 1040, 1106
-
Rostow, Walt W., 101n
, 196, 308n
, 320n
, 321, 404n
, 458n
, 779, 900,
904, 949n
- Action Program on African Development Policies and Programs, 324–325 325,
327, 331, 361–362, 363, 364
- Al
- Algeria, 53, 56–60, 61
- Ethiopia, 548, 562–564, 566
- Ethiopia-Somalia dispute, 591–592, 594
- Ghana, 463, 465–466, 475–477, 482–483
- Lesotho, 1084–1085
- Libya, 144–146, 147
- Malawi, 697
- Morocco:
- Nigerian civil war, 659, 661, 662,
665–666,
663, 669, 683, 687, 689
- Nigerian political crisis, 617, 654
- Regional policy regarding Sub-Saharan Africa, 328, 355,
380, 406–410
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against, 901, 939,
942–943,
960
- Somalia, 593–595
- South Africa, 1051, 1058, 1097,
1108–1109, 1110
- South West Africa, 1054, 1062, 1079
- Southern Africa region, U.S. policy re, 703
- Tunisia:
- Bourguiba’s U.S. visit, 242–243, 259–260, 265–267
- U.S. economic development assistance, 241–243, 266–267, 271–272
- U.S. military assistance, 249–250, 251, 252–254, 272–273
- U.S. security guarantee, proposed, 266, 267
-
Rountree, William M., 921n
, 1058, 1064, 1069n
, 1101n
, 1105n
-
Rowan, Carl T., 81, 283–284
- Roy, J. Stapleton, 9n
- Rucker, Alvin M., 780n
- Runyon, Charles, III, 84n
, 90n
, 92n
, 93n
, 201n
, 658n
, 807n
, 966n
, 992n
, 1022n
, 1059n
, 1093n
, 1099n
, 1101n
, 1102n
, 1106n
, 1107n
- Ruser, Claus W., 215n
, 705
-
Rusk, Dean, 3n
, 9n
, 12n
, 54n
, 187n
, 196, 324n
, 479, 604n
, 1005n
- Action Program on African Development Policies and Programs, 325–326
- Afro-Asian Conference of 1965, 44
- Algeria:
- Anti-American agitation, 18–20, 50
- Internal security problems, 62
- Non-alignment policy, 27
- Opposition elements, alleged U.S. support for, 27, 28,
29–30
- Meeting with Guellal, 26–28
- U.S., relations with, 26–28
- U.S. food and agricultural assistance, 11, 28,
39, 56–57, 58n
, 59, 60
- U.S. recognition of Boumediene government, 43–44
- Ethiopia:
- Dinke’s defection to U.S., 531, 532n
- Eritrean insurgency, 575
- Johnson’s correspondence with Haile Selassie, 488–489, 549–550
- Johnson’s meetings with Haile Selassie, 560–561
- Johnson’s proposed meeting with Haile Selassie in 1966,
544n
- Kagnew Station military base, 561
- Policing functions in Africa, 515–516
- U.K. military sales, 574, 580
- U.S. military assistance, 511–512, 515–516, 540–541, 559–561, 589–590
- U.S. objectives and policies, 506
- Ethiopia-Somalia dispute:
- Bilateral resolution efforts of 1965, 530–531
- Border clashes, 487, 490, 492–495, 502–504, 507–508
- Detente initiative, 585–586, 597, 600–601
- Soviet intervention, 500–501
- U.S. mediating role, proposed, 501–502
- U.S.-supplied military equipment, Ethiopia’s alleged use
of, 507–508
- Ghana, 422
- Anti-American campaign, 411,
412, 420
- Coup of 1966, 455–456
-
Harriman’s meeting
with Nkrumah, 435
- Johnson’s correspondence with Nkrumah, 433–434
- U.S. Action Program, 419–420
- Volta River project, 417n
, 418, 419–420, 424
- Horn of Africa, 504–507, 553
- Libya, 69–70, 71, 101, 113, 114–115, 121–123, 142–143
- Morocco:
- Algerian military threat, 149–151, 203–205
- Ben Barka kidnapping case, 180–181
- Economic development and private investment, 177–179
- Johnson’s correspondence with Hassan, 155n
- Johnson’s meeting with M’Hammedi, 180, 181–182
- Manganese exports to U.S., 154
- Meetings with Moroccan officials, 166—167, 177–179, 188–190
- Political situation, 175–177
- U.S. development assistance, 168–169
- U.S. food and agricultural assistance, 169, 216
- U.S. military assistance, 149–151, 163, 165n
, 191, 201–205, 215–216
- Nigerian civil war, 658, 665–667, 683, 686,
689
- Nigerian political crisis:
- Autonomy offer for Eastern region, 641–642
- Confederation option, 640
- Countercoup of July 1966, 618–619
- Federal government’s requests for international support,
636–637, 652–653
- Mediation efforts, 633–634, 637, 640, 650–651
- Military conflict, prospects for, 636–637
- Secession issue, 619, 620–621
- U.S. military assistance, requests for, 634–635
- U.S. policy, 624, 625–626, 653
- U.S.-U.K. consultations re, 640–641
- North Africa, 11, 237
- Portuguese Africa:
- African-Portuguese talks, proposed, 717 20, 722–724, 761–762
- Anderson Plan for self-determination, 754–758, 760
- Azores issue, 691, 693–694
- Communist assistance for nationalist movements, 717
- Internal dissension in nationalist movements, 723, 759
- Mondlane’s U.S. visit, 742
- Political action program for nationalist movements,
proposed, 729, 733–735
- Portugal’s use of U.S./NATO military equipment, 765–768
- Regional effects of fighting, 743–745, 765–768
-
Rusk’s meetings with
Portuguese leaders, 786–787
- Self-determination issue, 717–720, 722–724, 754–758, 759–762
-
UN actions re, 759–762, 769
- U.S. contacts with nationalist leaders, 742, 751
- U.S. covert support for nationalist movements, 720, 724, 780–782
- U.S. objectives re, 743–745
- U.S. reports on nationalist movements, 783
- Regional policy regarding Sub-Saharan Africa, 279, 294,
295, 320, 358–361, 410n
- Strengthened African Program, 308,
310–312,
314, 318, 319
- Rhodesia, U.S. arms embargo against, 795–796
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against, 850, 860,
873, 889, 895, 910–911, 920, 929,
959
- Consulates’ withdrawal from Rhodesia, 953n
- Economic sanctions, 861–862, 908–909, 947
- Failure of campaign, U.S. contingency planning re, 940, 941
- “Fearless” proposals, 958
- Military options, 922–923, 940
- Oil embargo, 846–847, 862–863
- Peace terms issue, 910–911
- South Africa’s contacts with Rhodesians, 929–930
- U.K. contingency planning, 823, 824
- U.K. military presence in Zambia, 851–852
- U.S. program of sanctions, 840, 859–860
- U.S. refusal to recognize government, 839
- U.S.-U.K. discussions, 908–910, 917–918, 922–923
- Zambia, U.S.-U.K. assistance for, 824, 862, 881, 882n
, 883, 909
- Zambia-Rhodesia economic warfare, 844, 881
- Rhodesian unilateral independence issue, 813, 831–832, 837n
- Rhodesia’s declaration of independence, 839
- Royal Commission of Inquiry, 834–836
-
UN actions re, 818
- U.S. policy, 827, 828
- U.S.-U.K. coordinated approach, 803–805, 828
- U.S.-U.K. protests, 788–789
- Six-Day War, U.S. policy, 261–262
- Somalia:
- Anti-American campaign, 494–495
- Haile Selassie’s U.S. visit, concerns re, 556–557
- Irredentist policies, 484–485, 487–488, 557
- Meeting with Abdirazak, 551–553
- Meeting with Egal, 597–598
- Soviet Union, relations with, 552
- U.S. economic development assistance, 541, 552, 597
- U.S. objectives and policies, 507
- South Africa, 963, 993
- Apartheid policy, 993, 1019–1021, 1044
- Economic sanctions issue, 1019–1020, 1040
- “One man-one vote” issue, 1101–1102
-
UN actions re, 987–988
- U.S. Embassy staff transfer, South Africa’s request for,
1039
- U.S. military involvement in support of UN actions,
possible, 1025
- U.S. military sales, 966–967, 1002, 1083, 1097–1098
- U.S. non-segregation policy for personnel in South Africa,
1021–1022
- U.S. ships’ port visits, 1067–1069
- U.S. space tracking stations in, 692, 693–694, 967, 1046
- South West Africa:
- Tunisia, 234–235, 244, 263–264
- Arab League agenda, rejection of, 230
- Bourguiba’s U.S. visit, 242–243, 244, 257–259
- Civic action program, 240
- Meetings with Bourguiba Jr., 236–241, 260–263
- Meetings with Driss, 243–244, 248–249, 257–259
- Six-Day War and, 260–263
- U.S. economic development assistance, 225n
, 229–230, 242–243
- U.S. military assistance, 231–233, 236–241, 244, 245–246, 247, 248–249, 251, 254n
, 255–257, 264–265
- U.S. security guarantee, proposed, 254–255
- Vietnam war, 359
- Wheelus Air Base:
- Instructions for U.S. negotiators, 84–85, 90–91,
132–134
- Israel-related concerns of Libyans, 123–125
- Libyanization program, 92–93
- Tunisia’s security and, 237
- U.S. action program re, 74,
83–84
- U.S. discussions with Idris re, 87–88, 93–95
- U.S.-Libyan relations and, 74–76
- U.S. negotiating strategy, 73
- U.S. withdrawal issue, 97–98, 100–101
-
Russell, Francis H., 228, 233n
, 234n
, 254n
, 270
- Russell, Richard, 941
- Sacksteder, Frederick, 142n
, 254n
, 257, 259,
263n
- Salans, Carl F., 1073n
-
Salazar, Antonio de Oliveira, 728, 729, 731, 734, 735, 760, 786–787, 904, 907
- Samantar, Haji Mussa, 596
- Sanderson, Fred H., 812n
- Sandys, Duncan, 276
- Sanusi, Alhaji M. A., 620–621
- Sarrell, Amb., 128
-
Satterthwaite, Joseph C., 969–970, 975–977, 983–984, 1026–1028, 1031n
, 1036, 1037
-
Saunders, Harold H., 11n
, 159, 191n
, 196, 197n
, 203n
, 225, 263n
, 269, 300n
, 704
- Algeria, 38, 40, 42–43, 51n
, 53–54,
61–62
- Libya, 105, 112, 119, 147–148
- Morocco, 157, 213–214
- Nigerian civil war, 687–688
- Southern Africa region, U.S. policy re, 703–704
- Tunisia, 235–236, 247, 251–252
- Wheelus Air Base, 95–96, 99, 103–104
-
Savimbi, Jonas, 746, 759n
, 772, 777–778
-
Schaufele, William E., Jr., 759n
- Schlosser, Wilhelm, 777
- Schmitz, Charles A., 797n
-
Schultze, Charles L., 241, 254, 314, 465
- Schwartz, Harry H., 898n
, 900–901
- Schwebel, Stephen M., 759n
, 762n
, 1022n
- Scott, Joseph W., 611, 720–721
- Scott, Kenneth, 788
- Seaborg, Glenn T., 145
- Sebastian, Peter, 781n
- Seider, Francis J., 1102n
- Senegal, 166, 328
-
Senghor, Leopold Sedar, 328
- Senior Interdepartmental Group, 898–901, 1109–1110
- Shego, Ali Omar, 596
- Shullaw, J. Harold, 121n
, 912
- Sianis, Maj. Gen. Pete C., 713–715
- Sibley, Gen., 125n
, 132n
- Sieverts, Frank A., 1067n
-
Sisco, Joseph J., 166, 169n
, 691, 692,
705, 711, 712, 754n
, 759n
, 762n
, 763, 818n
, 827, 843,
846n
, 912–913,
923n
, 925, 947–948, 952–953, 1022n
, 1055, 1073n
, 1076–1077,
1079–1080
- Sisulu, Walter, 992
- Six-Day War, 12, 6, 125–128, 137, 207, 260–263, 370–371
- Slaoui, Driss, 151n
-
Slim, Taieb, 240, 760
-
Sloan, Frank K., 278, 510, 511, 966n
, 968–969,
978–979
- Sloan, Samuel, 618n
-
Smith, Bromley K., 247, 325n
, 369, 849n
, 932n
, 942, 1053
-
Smith, Ian, 932
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against:
- “Fearless” proposals, 958,
960
- U.K.-Rhodesia negotiations, 877, 903, 906, 922, 923–924, 927–929, 944
- Zambia-Rhodesia economic warfare, 886
- Rhodesian unilateral independence issue:
- Johnson’s correspondence with, 829–833
- Rhodesia’s declaration of independence, 838
- Rhodesia’s position, 820–821
- U.K.-Rhodesia negotiations, 803, 829–830, 834
- U.S. policy re, 807–808, 810–811, 819–820
- U.S.-U.K. protests, 788
-
Smith, Robert P., 451n
, 455n
, 618n
, 620n
, 632n
, 633n
, 634n
, 636n
, 640n
, 641n
, 658n
, 686n
- Smith, Rufus Z., 633n
- Smyser, William R., 754n
- Sobotka, Clement, 743n
- Soko, J. H., 790
- Solbert, Peter, 175, 525
- Sole (South Africa), 966, 1067, 1068n
- Solomon, Anthony M., 308n
, 842, 861n
, 881n
- Somalia (see also
Ethiopia-Somalia dispute; Horn
of Africa), 588
- Anti-American campaign, 494–495
- Arab-Israeli conflict and, 598
- Egal government, 581–584, 587–588
- Haile Selassie’s U.S. visit, concerns re, 556–557
-
Humphrey’s visit, 399–400
- Irredentist policies, 484–485, 487–488, 490–491, 509,
529–530,
557, 572
- Johnson’s correspondence with Aden, 497–498
- Johnson’s meeting with Egal, 591–597
- Kenya, relations with, 509, 582–588, 591–592, 594, 597,
600
-
Rusk’s meeting with Abdirazak,
551–553
-
Rusk’s meeting with Egal, 597–598
- Soviet Union, relations with, 485,
502, 505, 506, 509, 519, 551, 552,
600, 603–604
- U.S. covert operations, 495–496
- U.S. economic development assistance, 541, 551–552, 570,
594–595,
597
- U.S. military assistance to Ethiopia, protests re, 538–539
- U.S. objectives and policies, 507
- Williams’s meeting with Adan, 529–530
- Sommers, Cmdr., 667–668
- Sonnenfeldt, Helmut, 500n
- South Africa (see also
South West Africa), 313, 329, 371–372, 610
- Apartheid policy, 963–965, 1009
- Black nationalists, actions against (Rivonia Trial), 983–984, 992
- Blockade issue, 695–696
- Civil aviation agreement with U.S., 1108–1109
- Economic sanctions issue, 695, 989, 994,
998, 1010–1011, 1019–1020,
1038, 1040–1041, 1061, 1066
- Economic situation, 1010
- Homelands policy, 1009–1010, 1084–1085
- Intelligence reports on, 988–989, 1061,
1077–1078
- Johnson’s meeting with Oppenheimer, 1028–1029
- Military situation, 1010
- Moderate whites, U.S. support for, 1037
- Nationalist movement, 698–699
- Nuclear energy program, 998–999, 1006,
1082
- “One man-one vote” issue, 1101–1102
- Political situation, 988–989, 1078
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against, 887, 902,
915, 916, 925, 928
- Rhodesian unilateral independence issue, 791
- Strategic importance to U.S., 1011
-
UN actions re, 691–692, 986–988, 992n
, 993–994, 1044
- U.S. disengagement, proposed, 1083–1084
- U.S. Embassy staff transfer, South Africa’s request for, 1031–1032,
1039
- U.S. loans and investment guarantees, 985, 996–997, 1034–1035
- U.S. military involvement in support of UN actions, possible, 1025–1026
- U.S. military requirements for facilities and contractual support,
1070–1072
- U.S. military sales, 966–969, 978,
979–981,
985, 996, 999–1005, 1034, 1047–1049,
1081–1082, 1083, 1094–1098
- U.S. non-segregation policy for personnel in South Africa, 1021–1022,
1026–1028, 1030–1031, 1032–1033, 1042
- U.S. policy toward, 700, 702, 973–974
- Explanation of policy to African countries, 1037–1038
-
JCS position, 989–991
- National Policy Paper, 1007–1019
-
NSAM No. 295, 981–982, 984–986, 989–991, 995–998, 1012, 1032–1038, 1041–1043
- U.S. ships’ port visits, 1021–1022, 1026–1028, 1051–1052,
1067–1069, 1089–1091, 1109–1110
- U.S. space tracking stations in, 692,
693–694,
967, 968, 971–972, 978, 979, 985,
997, 1030–1031, 1032–1033,
1035, 1038, 1042–1043, 1045–1047, 1078
- Verwoerd’s assassination, 1058–1059
- Southern Africa region, U.S. policy re, 699–715
- South West Africa, 329, 368, 371, 918, 1007–1008
- Homelands for non-white groups (Odendaal plan), 969–970, 975–977, 995–996, 1034, 1107–1108
-
ICJ ruling on, 970n
, 1007–1008, 1052–1057
- Intelligence reports on, 1050, 1065–1066
- Mandate system, 965
- Nationalist movement, 698–699, 1088–1089
- Terrorism Act trials, 1091–1094, 1099–1100, 1102–1106
-
UN administration issue, 695, 964–965, 1062–1064, 1065–1066
- U.S. aide-memoire re, 1059–1060
- U.S. policy re, 701, 702, 973–974, 985–986, 997–998, 1012–1018
- U.S.-U.K. coordinated approach re, 1022–1024, 1033, 1035–1036
- Soviet Union, 602
- Algeria, relations with, 2, 3, 11, 21, 24, 26, 36, 41–42, 50, 62
- Arms control, 355–357
- Ethiopia-Somalia dispute, 500–501
- Ghana, relations with, 429, 430, 459
- Horn of Africa, 573
- Morocco, relations with, 149n
, 164, 187, 189–190
- Nationalist movements of Southern Africa and, 699
- Nigerian civil war, 663, 664, 675,
682, 685
- North Africa, 3, 11
- Portuguese Africa, 753
- Six-Day War, 262
- Somalia, relations with, 485, 502, 505,
506, 509, 519, 551, 552, 600, 603–604
- South Africa’s apartheid policy, 994
- Subversive activity in Africa, 382–383, 404–405
- Spain, 5, 182
- Spanish Sahara, 4, 5,
182, 199–200
- Special Group, 495, 720–721, 738–739
- Special Group (Counterinsurgency), 279n
- Special National Intelligence Estimates (see also
National Intelligence Estimates):
- Spicer, R. Peter, 188, 191n
, 201n
, 206, 248
- Spiers, Ronald I., 908
- Springsteen, George S., Jr., 785n
, 809n
, 812n
, 813n
, 819n
, 943n
- Starkey, Joseph F., 813n
- Steigman, Andrew L., 553n
, 597n
- Stephan, Ralph W., 1059n
- Stephenson, Amb., 969, 977
- Stern, Thomas, 84n
- Sterner, Michael, 175n
- Stevens, John, 842
-
Stevenson, Adlai E., 795n
, 966, 1000,
1001
- Stewart, Sir Michael, 113, 788, 803, 813, 822–824, 841, 874, 902n
, 908, 912–913, 918, 922
-
Stoessel, Walter J., Jr., 759n
, 767n
, 904
-
Stoltzfus, William A., Jr., 26n
, 29n
, 43n
- Stookey, Robert N., 502n
- Stout, Charles R., 504n
- Straus, Peter, 215n
, 264n
, 384
- Strengthened African Program, 298–303, 305, 308–315, 318–319
-
Strong, Curtis C., 97n
, 318n
, 553n
, 556n
, 743n
- Sub-Saharan Africa. See Regional policy regarding
Sub-Saharan Africa.
- Sudan, 32, 286,
491, 496–497
- Suddarth, Roscoe S., 136
- Sunay, 261
- Swaziland, 329, 701–702
- Symington, 196
- Symington, James W., 596
- Symmes, Harrison M., 74n
, 181n
- Talbot, Phillips, 34
- Tanzania (Tanganyika), 275, 277, 329, 374, 496, 699, 743–745, 867
- Tanzania-Zambia railroad, 304, 374, 798–799, 800–801
-
Tasca, Henry J., 18n
, 26n
, 28, 29n
, 71n
, 84n
, 87n
, 90n
, 93n
, 97n
, 100n
, 154n
, 166, 184n
, 187, 196,
219n
, 484n
, 487n
, 491n
, 492n
, 494n
, 497n
, 499n
, 502n
, 504n
, 507n
, 511n
, 515n
, 518n
, 520n
, 745n
- Tashoma Haile-Mariam, 532, 546, 580
- Task Force on the Review of African Development Policies and Programs,
326, 331–333, 334–349
-
Taswell, Harold L. T., 1024, 1039, 1056–1057, 1059–1060, 1076, 1077, 1079, 1086, 1099–1100, 1106, 1108n
- Taylor, Frank D., 1022n
-
Taylor, Gen. Maxwell D., 979–981, 989–991
- Taylor, Adm. R. L., 704, 779
- Taylor, Rufus, 572n
, 698n
, 941, 1077n
- Taylor, Rush W., 1097n
- Tedla Bairu, 575
- Telecommunications system for Africa, proposed, 304
- Telli, Diallo, 391, 398, 656
- Tempelsman, Maurice, 387
- Thant, U, 209, 490, 685
- Thiam, Doudou, 358
- Thirkeild, Ben, 451n
- Thompson, Herbert B., 263n
, 849n
-
Thompson, Llewellyn E., 495, 514, 542n
, 553n
, 1040
-
Thurston, Raymond L., 496, 542n
, 581–584,
586n
, 588, 590–591, 596, 597n
, 601
- Tienken, Arthur T., 781n
- Tito, Marshal, 430
- Todman, Terence A., 451
- Toon, Malcolm, 542n
-
Torbert, Horace G., 488n
, 490n
, 491n
, 494n
, 498n
, 530n
- Touba, Pauline, 776
- Toumayan, Alec G., 161, 177, 206, 212, 358, 564
-
Toure, Sekou, 30, 283, 330
- Towsey, Kenneth, 796
- Tran Van Do, 391
- Trend, Sir Burke, 417, 872, 873, 874, 909
- Tresidder, Argus, 1031n
-
Trimble, William C., 29n
, 114n
, 123n
, 124n
, 142, 177,
181n
, 188, 230–231, 232n
, 234n
, 236, 254n
, 413–416,
451n
, 455n
, 556n
, 560n
, 589n
, 615, 618n
, 625n
, 632n
, 633n
, 634n
, 636n
, 640n
, 641n
, 649n
, 650n
, 652n
, 751n
, 765n
, 812n
, 943n
, 1068n
- Trivers, Howard, 500n
-
Tron, Rene A., 9n
, 50n
, 124n
- Trued, Melvyn, 842
-
Trueheart, William C., 774, 781n
- Tsafendakis, Demetrios, 1058–1059
-
Tshombe, Moise, 291, 292, 306, 444, 445, 746
- Tubman, William, 391–392
- Tuhadeleni, Eliaser, 1091
- Tully, Andrew, 423
- Tunisia (see also
North Africa), 1, 2, 9
- African nations, relations with, 219,
222
- Algerian coup of 1965, 42–43
- Arab League agenda, rejection of, 230–231, 273
- Bourguiba’s U.S. visit, 242–243, 244,
257–260,
265–271
- Civic action program, 240
- Economic situation, 219
- France, relations with, 219–220, 221,
225, 244
-
Humphrey’s visit, 267, 402–404
- Israel, policy toward, 223n
, 227, 230–231, 266
- Johnson’s correspondence with Bourguiba, 259–260, 263–264
- Johnson’s meetings with Bourguiba, 265–271
- Johnson’s meetings with Bourguiba, Jr., 227–229
-
Komer’s meetings with
Bourguiba, Jr., 220–223
- Libya, relations with, 222–223, 234–235
- Military situation, 14
- Morocco, relations with, 221
- Mutual defense arrangement with U.S., proposed, 3–4
- Nasser’s military threat, 234n
, 238
- Political situation, 14
-
Rusk’s meetings with Bourguiba
Jr., 236–241, 260–263
-
Rusk’s meetings with Driss,
243–244,
248–249,
257–259
- Six-Day War and, 260–263
- Territorial claims, 4
- Turkey as source of military equipment, 261, 268, 270
- U.S. development assistance, 5, 220–221, 223–230, 241–243, 266–267, 271–272
- U.S. military assistance, 229, 231–233, 235–241, 244, 245–254, 255–257, 261,
264–265,
272–273
- U.S. security guarantee, proposed, 254–255, 257n
, 266, 267, 273
- Vietnam war, policy re, 267
- Turkey, 136–137,
261, 268, 270
-
Tyler, William R., 417, 720n
, 721n
, 748–750,
788
- Uganda, 275, 277,
328, 374
- Underhill, Francis T., 834n
- United Arab Republic (UAR) (see also
Six-Day War), 13, 34, 116, 124, 528
- United Kingdom (see also
Rhodesian government, international campaign
against; Rhodesian unilateral independence
issue):
- Action Program on African Development Policies and Programs,
attitude toward, 362
- Decreasing involvement in Africa, 345–346, 349
- East African military presence, 277
- Ethiopia, 574, 580
- Ghana, 417–418, 447, 466–467
- Libya, 72, 83, 105, 113, 114–119, 121–123, 141
- Nigerian civil war, 657, 659–660, 663, 685
- Nigerian political crisis, 628–629, 640–641, 651–652, 656
- South Africa, 695, 993
- South West Africa, 997, 1022–1024,
1033, 1035–1036
- Zanzibar, 276, 277
- United Nations (see also
South West Africa):
- Nuclear free zone issue, 315–317
- Portuguese Africa, 759–764, 769
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against, 695, 843n
, 846–847, 865, 866–867, 879–880, 901–902, 931, 949–953, 958,
959
- Rhodesian unilateral independence issue, 794–795, 818, 825,
843n
- South Africa, 691–692, 986–988, 992n
, 993–994, 1044
- United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA), 338–339, 367, 397
- United States Information Agency (USIA),
301, 310, 312, 319, 703
- Usher, Arsene, 358
- Valdes, Philip H., 18n
, 149n
- Valenti, Jack, 871, 874
- Van Oss, Hendrik, 451n
-
Vance, Cyrus R., 88–89, 279n
, 316, 738,
863, 942, 978, 1070, 1071
-
Verwoerd, Henrik F., 902, 975–977, 995–996, 1031n
, 1042, 1058–1059
- Videira, Alphonse, 776
- Vietnam war, 27, 46–47, 182, 267, 359, 448–449,
476, 481
- Voice of America, 195, 198, 301
- “Voice of the Arabs” radio, 81
- Volta River project. See under Ghana.
- Vorster, B. J., 921n
, 923, 1064
- Wachuku, Agnes, 610–611, 983
- Walker, Angus, 803, 839
- Walker, Peter C., 523n
, 529, 542n
, 544n
, 574n
, 575n
- Walsh, John P., 191n
, 549n
, 859n
, 890n
, 919n
, 920n
- Ward, Barbara, 856
- Warren, George L., 74n
, 84n
, 92n
, 93n
, 100n
, 232n
, 234n
, 488n
, 504n
, 516n
, 544n
, 754n
, 765n
, 767n
, 995n
- Watson, Duncan, 903
-
Webb, James E., 1045, 1046–1047
- Wellman, Harvey R., 908n
- Wells, H. Bartlett, 495, 514
- West African Economic Community, 472
-
Westerfield, Samuel Z., 745n
- Wey, Commodore, 627–628, 632, 639
-
Wheeler, Gen. Earle G., 175, 205–206, 286–288, 316–317, 1109
- Wheelus Air Base:
- Closure issue, 69, 70
- Defense Department position, 88–89, 103–104
-
Harriman’s assessment of
situation, 80–81
- Idris’s position, 105–107
- Israel-related concerns of Libyans, 123–125, 139
- Libyan Air Force and, 79, 131–132, 139–140
- Libyanization program, 92–93, 99
- Libya’s public statements on termination of U.S. rights, 71
- Negotiations re, 85–87, 104, 130–131, 134n
, 138–140
- Relocation of military functions, contingency planning for, 143–144
- Six-Day War, crisis related to, 125–128
- Strategic value to U.S., 77–80
- Tunisia’s security and, 237
- U.S. action program re, 74, 83–84
- U.S. discussions with Idris re, 87–88, 93–95, 105–107
- U.S.-Libyan relations and, 74–76
- U.S. withdrawal issue, 95–101, 128–131
- White, Lee C., 288–289
- Wichser, Mary J., 861n
- Wilkins, Roy, 288–289, 295n
, 296
-
Williams, Franklin H., 455n
, 456–457,
466, 478, 479–481, 634n
-
Williams, G. Mennen, 16n
, 29n
, 30n
, 43n
, 149n
, 154n
, 167n
, 169n
, 173n
, 175n
, 219n
, 220n
, 223n
, 224n
, 225n
, 279n
, 288n
, 419n
, 424, 428n
, 432, 458n
, 488n
, 516n
, 717n
, 722n
, 762n
, 792n
, 795n
, 834n
, 837n
, 844n
, 851n
, 861n
, 881n
, 883n
, 895n
, 966n
, 1019n
, 1021n
, 1022n
, 1044n
- Algeria, 34, 46, 50, 51
- Ethiopia, 521, 527, 531–532, 533–536
- Ethiopia-Somalia dispute, 490–491, 496–497, 501–502, 523,
530
- Ghana, 411, 413, 441–442, 450–452
- Libya, 69–70, 101, 108–109
- Morocco, 160, 163–165, 174, 175
- Portuguese Africa, 720, 721n
, 729–732, 745, 747, 770–771
- Rhodesia, 795n
, 797–798, 799–800
- Somalia, 529–530
- South Africa, 971, 993, 1037,
1040–1041, 1045
- Strengthened African Program, 298,
301, 305, 308–309, 310, 312, 318–319
- Tanzania-Zambia railroad, 799
- Wheelus Air Base, 69, 70, 80–81
- Williamson, Larry C., 927n
-
Wilson, Harold, 121, 480, 611, 661, 663, 669
- Rhodesian government, international campaign against:
- Commonwealth Conferences re, 886, 887–888, 893, 895, 914–916
- Economic sanctions, 850, 874, 886–888, 908–909, 914, 915, 929n
- Famine relief, 888–889
- “Fearless” proposals, 958,
960
- Johnson’s correspondence with Wilson, 849–851, 859–860, 886–889, 890–891, 893–895, 903, 905–906, 914–916, 919–921, 923–924, 927–929, 955–956
- Johnson’s meetings with Wilson, 870–874, 910–911
- Oil embargo, 850, 872
- Peace terms issue, 887, 895
- U.K. military presence in Zambia, 849–851, 894
- U.K.-Rhodesia negotiations, 877, 902n
, 903, 905–906, 911n
, 923–924, 927–929, 955–956
- U.S.-U.K. discussions, 908–909
-
Wilson’s meeting with
Kaunda, 891, 894
- Zambia, U.S.-U.K. assistance for, 872, 873
- Zambia-Rhodesia border closing, 891, 894
- Rhodesian unilateral independence issue:
- Johnson’s correspondence with Smith, 829–830
- Johnson’s correspondence with Wilson, 813–814, 817, 829–830, 833–834
- U.K.-Rhodesia negotiations, 813–814, 829, 833–834
- U.S.-U.K. coordinated approach, 813–814, 818, 828
- U.S.-U.K. protests, 788
- Wina, Arthur, 790
- Witman, William, 240, 358, 706–707, 712
- Witt, William H., 1031n
- Wolf, Joseph J., 123n
, 132n
, 560n
, 574n
, 575n
, 1081
- Wood, Gen., 510n
-
Woods, George, 321, 332, 350–351, 353, 361–362, 439
- World Bank, 866
- Action Program on African Development Policies and Programs, 332–333, 348, 350–351, 353,
361–362,
367
- Ghana, 415, 439
- Morocco, 166, 186
- Tunisia, 226, 242
- World Youth Festival, 39
- Wright, Ken, 747
- Wright, M. A., 109
- Wright, Oliver, 874, 903
- Yaker, Layachi, 50n
, 64–67
- Yarmolinsky, 315
- Yates, Capt., 1069
-
Yifru, Ketema, 358, 544n
, 546–547
- Yost, Robert L., 315, 760
- Zablocki, Clement, 414
- Zambia (see also
Rhodesian government, international campaign
against), 285, 286, 374, 699, 701–702, 778
- Zantuti, Brig., 138
- Zanzibar (see also Tanzania), 276–277, 374, 610–611
- Z’Biri, Col., 62
- Zook, Ben M., 500n
- Zulu, A. G., 882n
- Zwick, Charles J., 272, 482