Foreign Relations of the United States, 1964–1968, Volume
XXIII, Congo, 1960–1968
Persons and Pseudonyms
- Abboud,
Ibrahim, President of Sudan from November 18, 1958 until
November 16, 1964
- Adams, Paul
D., General, USA; Commander in Chief, Strike Command,
until November 1966; concurrently Commander in Chief, Middle East/South Asia
and Africa South of the Sahara, November 1963 until November 1966
- Adoula,
Cyrille, Prime Minister of the Congo from August 2, 1961
until June 30, 1964; Congolese Ambassador to the United States from January
1967
- Anany,
Jerome, Congolese Minister of Defense
- Appling, Hugh
G., Deputy Director, Office of Western European Affairs,
Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State
- Ascham,
pseudonym for Allen Dulles
- Attwood, William
H., Ambassador to Guinea from April 26, 1961 until
May 27, 1963; Ambassador to Kenya from March 2, 1964 until May 1,
1966
- Balewa, Sir Abubakar
T., Prime Minister of Nigeria from October 1, 1960
until January 15, 1966
- Ball, George
W., Under Secretary of State, from December 1961 until
September 1966; Representative to the United Nations, from May 1968 until
September 1968
- Bell, David
E., Director, Office of Management and Budget, from
January 22, 1961 until December 20, 1962; Administrator of the Agency for
lnternational Development from late 1962 until 1966
- Ben Bella,
Ahmed, President and Prime Minister of Algeria until
June 1965; concurrently Minister of the Interior, From December 1964 until
June 1965
- Berlind, Alan
D., member, Congo Working Group, Bureau of African
Affairs, Department of State
- Bissell, Richard
M., Deputy Director for Plans, Central Intelligence
Agency from 1958 until 1962
- Blake, Robert
O., Deputy Chief of Mission at Léopoldville/Kinshasa,
March 1964 until July 1967
- Boigney, Félix
Houphet, Prime Minister of Côte d’lvoire, August 7,
1960 until November 27, 1960; President since November 3, 1960
- Bokassa,
Jean-Bedel, President of the Central African
Republic from 1966
- Bolen, Charles
E., Special Assistant to the Secretary of State until
1962; Ambassador to France, September 1962 until February 1968; Deputy Under
Secretary of State for Political Affairs, December 1967 until January
1969
- Bolikango,
Jean, leader of Parti de I’Unité National (PUNA); Vice
Premier in the lleo Ministry; Third Vice-Premier in the Adoula
Ministry
- Bomboko,
Justin, President of the Congolese College of
Commissioners and Commissioner for Foreign Affairs from October 4, 1960
until February 9, 1961; Foreign Minister from February 1961 until April
1963; Congolese Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1965; concurrently Minister
of Industry and Foreign Trade from 1967
- Bourgiba,
Habib, President of Tunisia
- Bowles, Chester
B., Under Secretary of State from January 25, 1961 until
December 3, 1961; Ambassador at Large from December 4, 1961 until June 9,
1963
- Brown, Elizabeth
A., Director, Office of United Nations Political
Affairs, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Department of
State
- Brown, L.
Dean, Director, Office of Central African Affairs,
Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State, September 1965 until July
1966; Country Director for Central Africa, July 1966 until November 1967;
thereafter Ambassador to Senegal and The Gambia
- Brubeck, William
H., member, National Security Council Staff, until
November 1964
- Bunche, Ralph
J., Special Representative of the Secretary General for
UN Operations in the Congo from July until August 1960; UN Under Secretary
for Special Political Affairs until 1967; thereafter Under Secretary
General
- Bundy,
McGeorge, Special Assistant to the President for
National Security Affairs until February 1966; Executive Secretary of the
Special Committee of the National Security Council from June until August
1967
- Burgess, Warren
R., Chief of the U.S. Mission to the North Atlantic
Treaty Organization until March 23, 1961
- Campbell,
Stephen, Officer in Charge of United Nations Political
Affairs, Bureau of lnternational Organization Affairs, Department of
State
- Canup, William
C., member, Congo Working Group, Bureau of African
Affairs, Department of State
- Cashin, Richard
M., Director, Office of Central African Affairs, Agency
for lnternational Development from July 1962 until July 1976; Deputy
Director, Agency for lnternational Development, from July 1967 until January
1968; thereafter Director, Agency for lnternational Development
- Cleveland, James
H., Assistant Secretary of State for lnternational
Organization Affairs from February 1961 until September 1965
- Clingerman, John
R., Consul in Stanleyville, from July 1963 until
October 1964; member of the Congo Working Group from November 1964 until
1965
- Creel, Robert
C., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for European
Affairs
- Cyr, Leo G.,
Ambassador to Rwanda, November 1966 until September 1971
- Dayal,
Rajeshwar, Special Representative of the U.N.
Secretary-General in the Congo until May 1961
- Davignon, Viscount
Etienne, Chef de Cabinet, Belgian Ministry of
Foreign Affairs
- Deming, Olcott
H., Ambassador to Uganda, January 1963 until June
1966
- Devlin,
Lawrence, Chief of Station, Congo (Léopoldville) from
July 1960 until May 1963 and July 1965 until June 1967
- Dillon, C.
Douglas, Under Secretary of State from June 12, 1959
until January 4, 1961; Treasury Secretary, January 1961 until April
1965
- Dirksen, Everett
M., Senator (R-Illinois) from January 3, 1951 until
September 7, 1969
- Dodds, William
A., Colonel, Adviser on counterinsurgency operations in
the Congo from February 1964
- Dulles, Allen
W., Director of Central Intelligence until November
1961
- Eisenhower, Dwight
D., President of the United States until January 20,
1961
- Engulu, Leon,
President of Cuvette Centrale from September 1962 until April 25, 1966;
Governor of Équateur Province from April 25, 1966 until January 3, 1967;
Governor of Kivu Province from January 3, 1967 until August 9, 1968;
thereafter, Governor of Katanga
- Ferguson, Glenn
W., Ambassador to Kenya, November 1966 until April
1969
- Fields, Glenn
D., Deputy Chief of the Africa Division, Directorate of
Plans, Central Intelligence Agency; Chief of the Africa Division,
Directorate of Plans, Central Intelligence Agency
- Fine, Sydney
H., Public Affairs Adviser, Bureau of African Affairs,
Department of State
- Fitzgerald,
Desmond, Deputy Director of Plans, Central
Intelligence Agency
- Fredericks, J.
Wayne, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for
African Affairs, from May 1961 until September 1967
- Gallopin,
Roger, Director General, lnternational Commission of the
Red Cross
- Gardiner, Robert
K.A., United Nations Representative in the Congo
from April 1961 until February 1962; Officer in Charge of the U.N. Operation
in the Congo from February 1962 until April 1963
- Gaud, William
S., Deputy Administrator, Agency for International
Development, February 1964 until August 1966; thereafter
Administrator
- Gbenye,
Christophe, Minister of the lnterior in the opposition
regime in Stanleyville until July 1961; Congolese Minister of the lnterior
from August 1961 until February 1962; Deputy Prime Minister from February
until July 1962
- Gilpatric, Roswell
L., Deputy Secretary of Defense from 1961 until
1964
- Ginzenga,
Antoine, Prime Minister of the opposition regime in
Stanleyville from December 13, 1960 until August 5, 1961; Deputy Prime
Minister of the Republic of the Congo from August 1961 until January 1962;
thereafter imprisoned
- Godley, G.
McMurtrie, Ambassador to the Congo from March 23,
1964 until October 15, 1966
- Gonard, Samuel
A., President of the lnternational Committee of the Red
Cross from 1964 until 1969
- Greene,
M.J.L., Colonel, Office of the Assistant Secretary of
Defense for lnternational Security Affairs; headed Special Military Advisory
Team to the Congo from June until July 1962
- Greenfield, James
L., Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of Public
Affairs, Department of State
- Grenfell,
Georges, provincial president in Stanleyville
- Gullion, Edmund
A., Ambassador to the Congo from September 11, 1961
until February 20, 1964
- Hadsel, Fred
L., Director, Office of Inter-African Affairs,
Department of State
- Hamilton,
Edward, member, National Security Council Staff, October
1965 until December 1968
- Hammerskjold,
Dag, Secretary-General of the United Nations until his
death on September 18, 1961
- Harmel,
Pierre, Belgian Prime Minister, July 1965 until 1966;
Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1966 until 1968
- Harriman, W.
Averell, Ambassador At Large from February 1961
until December 1961; Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific
Affairs, from December 1961 until April 1963; Under Secretary of State for
Political Affairs from April 1963 until March 1965; thereafter Ambassador at
Large
- Hassan II,
King of Morocco
- Helms,
Richard, Deputy Director for Plans, Central Intelligence
Agency from 1964 until 1966; Deputy Director of Central Intelligence from
April 1965 until June 1966; thereafter Director
- Herter, Christian
A., Secretary of State from April 22, 1959 until
January 20, 1961
- Hickenlooper, Bourke
B., Senator (R-Iowa) from January 3, 1945 until
January 3, 1969
- Hilsman, Roger
Jr., Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and
Research from February 19, 1961 until April 25, 1963
- Hoyt, Michael
P.E., Consul in Stanleyville from 1964
- Humphrey, Hubert H.
Jr., Senator (D-Minnesota) until 1964; Vice
President, January 20, 1965 until January 20, 1969
- Identity 1, 2,
etc., Designators supplied by editors for clarity.
Identity designation of a specific individual is valid for a single document
only, and is not consistent throughout the volume.
- Idzumbuir,
Theodore, Congolese Ambassador to the United
Nations
- Ileo, Joseph,
President of the Republic of the Congo Senate; Prime Minister from September
5, 1960 until September 20, 1960 and February 9, 1961 until August 2, 1961;
Minister of Information and Culture from August 1961 until July 1962;
Minister Resident in Katanga from January 1963
- Jessup,
Peter, member, National Security Council Staff
- Johnson, Lyndon
B., President of the United States from November 22,
1963 until January 20, 1969
- Johnson, U.
Alexis, Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political
Affairs from May 2, 1961 until July 12, 1964
- Kalonji,
Albert, President of South Kasai from August 9, 1960
until April 12, 1961
- Kamitatu,
Cleophas, Head of the Léopoldville provincial
government; Congolese Minister of the Interior
- Karamessines,
Thomas, Assistant Deputy Director for Plans, Central
Intelligence Agency until July 1967; thereafter Deputy Director for
Plans
- Kasavubu,
Joseph, President of the Republic of the Congo from July
1, 1960 until November 25, 1965
- Katzenbach, Nicholas de
B., Deputy Attorney General until February 1965;
Attorney General, February 1965 until October 1966; Under Secretary of
State, September 1966–January 1969
- Kaunda,
Kenneth, President of Zambia from 1964
- Kayibanda,
Gregoire, President of Rwanda
- Kearney, Richard
D., Deputy Legal Adviser, Office of the Legal
Adviser, Department of State
- Keita,
Modibo, President of Mali
- Kennedy, John
F., President of the United States from January 20, 1961
until November 22, 1963
- Kent,
Sherman, Chairman, Board of National Estimates, Central
Intelligence Agency
- Kenyatta,
Jomo, President of Kenya; Chairman of the Organization
of African Unity Ad Hoc Commission on the Congo
- Ketema,
Yifru, Ethiopian Prime Minister from 1961
- Kerchove, Charles
de, Belgian Ambassador to the Congo (Léopoldville)
from April 1962
- Kimba,
Évariste, Congolese Prime Minister from October 18, 1965
until November 14, 1965
- Knight, Ridgeway
B., Ambassador to Belgium, June 1965 until April
1969
- Kohler, Foy
D., Deputy Under Secretary of State for Political
Affairs, November 1966 until December 1967
- Komer, Robert
W., member, National Security Council Staff until
September 1965; Deputy Special Assistant to the President for National
Security Affairs, September 1965 until March 1966; Special Assistant to the
President, March 1966 until May 1967
- Korry, Edward
M., Ambassador to Ethiopia from April 20, 1963 until
September 22, 1967
- Landau, George
W., Country Director for Spain and Portugal, Bureau of
European Affairs, Department of State
- Lang, William
E., Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for
International Security Affairs
- Lefevre,
Theodore, Belgian Prime Minister from 1961 until
1965
- Lengema,
Marcel, Congolese Ambassador at Large
- Looram, Matthew
J., Deputy Director, Office of Central African Affairs,
Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State from April 1964 until
September 1965; Deputy Director, Office of Northern African Affairs from
October 1965 until May 1966; thereafter Country Director, Office of
Northeast African Affairs
- Lumumba, Patrice
E., Congolese Prime Minister from June 24, 1960
until September 5, 1960, died January 1961
- MacDonald, John W.
Jr., Office of Research and Analysis for Africa,
Bureau of Intelligence and Research, Department of State
- McBride, Robert
H., Ambassador to Zaire from June 1967 until May
1969
- McCone, John
A., Director of Central Intelligence from November 29,
1961 until April 28, 1965
- McGhee, George
C., Counselor of the Department of State and Chairman of
the Policy Planning Council, from February until December 1961; Under
Secretary of State for Political Affairs, from December 1961 until March
1963
- McKillop, David
H., Director, Office of Western European Affairs, Bureau
of European Affairs, Department of State
- McNaughton, John
T., Assistant Secretary of Defense for International
Security Affairs from July 1964 until June 1966
- Meeker, Leonard
C., Legal Adviser, Office of the Legal Adviser,
Department of State
- Merchant, Livingston
T., Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
from December 1959 until January 31, 1961; Ambassador to Canada from March
15, 1961 until May 26, 1962
- Miruho, Jean,
President of Kivu Province from June 11, 1960 until December 24, 1960 and
from September 18, 1961 until May 10, 1962
- Mobutu, Joseph
Désiré, Chief of Staff of the Congolese National
Army; after January 23, 1961, Major General and Commander in Chief of
Congolese Forces; President of the Republic of the Congo from November 25,
1965
- Moffat, Jay
P., Officer in Charge of Belgian and Luxembourg Affairs,
Bureau of European Affairs, Department of State
- Moyers, Bill,
Special Assistant to the President, 1964–1967; Chief of Staff in the White
House, October 1964–January 1967; White House Press Secretary, July 1965
until January 1967
- Mpolo,
Maurice, General, Lumumba associate, assassinated
January 17, 1961
- Mulamba, General
Leonard, Congolese Prime Minister, from November 25,
1965 until October 26, 1966
- Mulele,
Pierre, leader of the Congolese Committee for National
Liberation, President of Kwilu Province from January 1964 until November
1964
- Munongo,
Godefroid, Katangan Minister of the lnterior
- Murumbi,
Joseph, Kenyan Minister of State; head of delegation to
the United States of the OAU Ad Hoc Commission on the Congo
- Nasser, Gamal
A., President of the United Arab Republic
- Ndele,
Albert, Chairman of the Board of Commissioners-general
from September 20, 1960 until October 3, 1960; Governor of the Central Bank
of Congo from 1961; Congo Finance Commissioner
- Nendaka,
Victor, Head of Security Services, Republic of the Congo
from 1960 until 1965; Minister of the Interior from October 1965 until
November 1965; Minister of Transport and Communications, November 28, 1965;
Minister of Finance and Budget from August 16, 1968
- Neuman, Robert
H., African Affairs, Office of the Legal Adviser,
Department of State
- Nitze, Paul
R., Secretary of the Navy until June 1967; Deputy
Secretary of Defense, July 1967 until January 1969
- Nkrumah,
Kwame, Prime Minister of Ghana until July 1960;
President of Ghana from July 1, 1960 until February 24, 1966
- Nogueira, Alberto
Franco, Portuguese Foreign Minister from 1961 until
1969
- Nothom,
Patrick, Belgian Consul to Stanleyville
- Obote, A.
Milton, Ugandan Prime Minister, April 1963 until April
1966; President from April 1966
- Okito,
Joseph, Lumumba associate, assassinated January 17,
1961
- Olenga,
Nicholas, leader of the rebel forces that seized
Stanleyville on August 5–6, 1964
- Osorio-Tafall, Bibiano
F., Officer in Charge of the U.N. Operations in the
Congo from April until June 1964
- O’Sullivan, James
L., Director, Office of Central African Affairs,
Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State, from April 1964 until August
1965
- Palmer, Joseph,
II, Ambassador to Nigeria from October 4, 1960 until
January 16, 1964; Director General of the Foreign Service from February 16,
1964 until April 10, 1966; Member of the Congo Working Group, August 1964;
Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs from April 11, 1966 until
July 7, 1969
- Parrott, Thomas
A., Secretary of the Special Group
- Penfield, James
K., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African
Affairs from September 21, 1958; Ambassador to Iceland from May 24, 1961
until March 16 1967
- Podgornov,
Leonid, Soviet Chargé in Léopoldville
- Pognon,
Gratien, Assistant Secretary General of the Organization
of African Unity
- Raborn, Admiral William
F., Director of Central Intelligence, April 1965
until June 1966
- Read, Benjamin
H., Special Assistant to the Secretary of State and
Executive Secretary of the Department from August 4, 1963 until February 14,
1969
- Rikhye, Brigadier General
lndar Jit, Military Adviser to the U.N.
Secretary-General
- Roosevelt, Archibald B.,
Jr., Chief, Africa Division, Central Intelligence
Agency
- Ross, Claude
G., Ambassador to the Central African Republic from
September 16, 1963 until April 22, 1967
- Rostow, Eugene
V., Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs, from
October 1966 until January 1969
- Rostow, Walt
W., Counselor of the Department of State and Chairman of
the Policy Planning Council until March 1966; thereafter Special Assistant
to the President
- Rowan, Carl
T., Director, United States Information Agency, February
1964 until July 1965
- Runyon, Charles,
III, Assistant Legal Adviser, African Affairs,
Office of the Legal Adviser, Department of State
- Rusk, Dean,
Secretary of State, from January 21, 1961 until January 20, 1969
- Russell, Richard B.,
Jr., Senator (D-Georgia) from January 12,
1933
- Salans, Carl
F., Deputy Legal Adviser, Office of the Legal Adviser,
Department of State
- Satterthwaite, Joseph
C., Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs
until January 31, 1961; Ambassador to South Africa from May 22, 1961 until
November 17, 1965
- Saunders,
Harold, member, National Security Council Staff
- Schaufele, William E.,
Jr., Officer in Charge of Congo Affairs, Bureau of
African Affairs, Department of State from June 1964 until September 1965;
Deputy Director, Office of Central African Affairs, from October 1965 until
May 1966; thereafter Country Director for West Central Africa
- Sidikou,
Abdou, Ambassador of Niger to the U.S., U.N. and Canada,
1962 until 1964; Foreign Minister from 1967
- Sisco, Joseph
J., Director, Office of United Nations Political and
Security Affairs, Bureau of International Organization Affairs, Department
of State from July 1961 until November 1963; Deputy Assistant Secretary of
State for International Organization Affairs from 1964 until August 1965;
thereafter Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization
Affairs
- Soumialot, Gaston
E., Head of the provisional government of the
People’s Republic of the Congo (Stanleyville) from July 21, 1964 until
September 7, 1964; President of the Supreme Council of the Congolese
Revolution and Chairman of the Revolutionary Government from May 27, 1965
until August 6, 1965
- Spaak,
Paul-Henri, Belgian Prime Minister and Foreign Minister
from April 1961 until 1965; Minister of Foreign Affairs and Coordination of
External Policy, from 1965 until 1966
- Stebbins, Henry
E., Ambassador to Uganda from July 22, 1966 until
September 2, 1969
- Stoessel, Walter J.,
Jr., Deputy Assistant Secretary, Bureau of European
Affairs, Department of State
- Struelens,
Michel, Tshombe’s personal adviser on foreign affairs,
political adviser to the Cogolese Missions to the United States and the
United Nations
- Strong, Curtis
C., United Nations Adviser, Office of Inter-African
Affairs, Bureau of African Affairs, Department of State, until 1964; Deputy
Director, Office of Central African Affairs, November 1964 until October
1965; Deputy Director, Office of Eastern and Southern African Affairs,
October 1965 until July 1966; Country Director for East African Affairs,
July 1966 until June 1967
- Tasca, Henry
J., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African
Affairs until May 1965; thereafter Ambassador to Morocco
- Telli, Boubacar
Diallo, Guinean Permanent Representative to the
United Nations from September 1958 until June 1964; Ambassador to the United
States from April 1959 until June 1961; Secretary-General of the
Organization of African Unity from July 21, 1964
- Thompson, Herbert
B., Deputy Executive Secretary, Office of the
Secretary, Department of State
- Thompson, Llewellyn
E., Career Ambassador from June 24, 1960;
Ambassador-at-Large from October 3, 1962 until December 26, 1966
- Timberlake, Clare
H., Ambassador to the Congo from July 25, 1960 until
June 15, 1961
- Toure, Sekou,
President of Guinea
- Trimble, William
C., Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for African
Affairs, July 1965 until December 1967
- Tshombe, Moïse
K., President of Katanga Province in the Republic of the
Congo; Prime Minister from July 10, 1964 until October 13, 1965
- Tsiranana,
Philibert, President of Madagascar
- Tubby, Roger
W., Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs,
from March 1961 until April 1962; Representative to the United Nations in
Geneva, from October 1967 until September 1969
- Tweedy,
Bronson, Chief of the Africa Division, Directorate of
Plans, Central Intelligence Agency
- Tyler, William
R., Assistant Secretary of State for European Affairs,
from September 2, 1962 until May 18, 1965
- Valenti, Jack
J., Special Assistant to President Johnson, November
1963 until June 1966
- Vance, Cyrus
R., Secretary of the Army from July 5, 1962 until
January 27, 1964; Deputy Secretary of Defense from January 28, 1964 until
June 30, 1967
- Van der Walle, Col.
Frederick, Tshombe’s military adviser and leader of
the Belgian mercenary force in the Congo
- Wadsworth, James
J., Ambassador to the United Nations from September
8, 1960 until January 21, 1961
- Wheeler, Earle
G., General, USA; Chief of Staff, until July 1964;
thereafter Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
- Williams, G. Mennen
“Soapy,” Assistant Secretary of State for African
Affairs from February 1, 1961 until March 23, 1966
- Yost, Charles
W., Ambassador to Morocco until March 1961; thereafter
Deputy Representative to the U.N. Security Council and Representative to the
U.N. General Assembly
- Zorin, Valerian
A., Deputy Soviet Foreign Minister; Permanent
Representative at the United Nations from 1960 until 1962